cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Seismic Response of a Steep Slope: High-Resolution Observations with a Dense, Three-Component Seismic Array

We deployed an array of 35, three-component seismographs to measure site effects associated with a 50-m high slope that is the highwall of an abandoned surface coal mine near Sullivan, Indiana. The strip mine pit had filled with water to within 10 m of the top of the highwall. Our array was deployed over this slope and recorded 10 underwater explosions detonated in the lake 800 m away. The raw data show a site resonance revealed by ringy waveforms observed at stations near the slope crest. The ringing is seen on the vertical component immediately following the P arrival and on the horizontal components immediately following what we interpret as a secondary P arrival formed by a direct wave propagating through the water. Three-dimensional particle-motion analysis demonstrates that the P -wave signal is linearly polarized on the flat ground behind the slope but becomes strongly elliptical for stations on the slope. The direct wave through the water is nearly horizontally polarized and shows a pronounced amplification of about a factor of 2 for stations at the top of the slope. We quantify the variations in the site resonance by using spectral ratios. We observe a factor of 2 amplification at about 9 Hz that we interpret as a fundamental mode of the slope face. Online material: animations of 3D and 4D visualizations. Manuscript received 8 June 2001.
The ν1 + ν3 combination band of 238UF6

Abstract The ν 1 + ν 3 band of 238 UF 6 has been observed at Doppler-limited resolution between 1291.5 and 1297.2 cm −1 in a statically cooled longpath cell at 226 K. The frequencies of 21 transitions belonging to P (22, 28, 30), 14 belonging to R (12, 30, 31), and 28 belonging to the Q branch with 41 ≤ J ≤ 71, were measured with an accuracy of ±0.002 cm −1 . In addition, 53 frequency differences were measured in the Q branch between lines having different J assignments from Q (14) to Q (76). Five spectroscopic constants were fitted to these 116 data points with a standard deviation of 0.0006 cm −1 . The rotational constants have nearly the values expected from a consideration of ν 1 and ν 3 themselves, and there is little evidence for interaction of ν 1 + ν 3 with other levels.
Quantitative drop analysis. IX. determination of blood glucose

A titrimetric ceric sulfate method is described for the determination of glucose in small volumes of physiological fluids containing from 1 to 12γ of glucose.
Cysts of serendipity

Abstract Purpose Primary intradiaphragmatic cysts are diagnostically challenging lesions. Often serendipitously discovered on radiological examination, intradiaphragmatic cysts are uncommon and require surgical resection for accurate identification. Methods Two children, aged 16 and 4 years, presented for surgical evaluation of what were believed to be asymptomatic cystic lesions of hepatic origin. Conclusion Imaging studies of the 2 intradiaphragmatic cysts suggested lesions of extradiaphragmatic origins, and surgical excision was necessary for accurate diagnosis. The limitations of imaging studies in determining malignancy necessitate surgical intervention for lesions of the diaphragm and peridiaphragmatic structures.
An Introduction to Ocean Turbulence

In an address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1932, Sir Horace Lamb commented, “I am an old man now, and when I die and go to heaven there are two matters on which I hope for enlightenment. One is quantum electrodynamics, and the other is the turbulent motion of fluids. And about the former I am rather optimistic.” Over the past century, understanding turbulent mixing in the ocean has been one of the most interesting and challenging problems of physical oceanography.
Sequential analysis of altered myocardial metabolism and contractility induced by normothermic arrest and reperfusion

Normothermic anoxic arrest by aortic cross clamping, a widely used clinical technique, is associated with metabolic changes in the myocardium which are incompletely understood. Using the isovolumetric balloon model and “stop-freeze” biopsy technique, a study of myocardial contractility and metabolism was performed in 29 intact dogs supported by cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to 60 min of normothermic anoxic arrest, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. A marked reduction in total high energy phosphates (62%), glycogen (63%), and an increase in lactate production (243%) denote a shift to anerobic metabolism during the period of arrest. Despite 30 min of reperfusion, total high energy nucleotides remained depressed (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, intermediary metabolic recovery and a reversion to aerobic metabolism was evidenced by falling lactate levels (53%), rising glycogen (51%), and increasing creatine phosphate (1100%). These data suggest that persistent abnormal myocardial carbohydrate metabolism and low levels of high energy nucleotides prevent contractile recovery following normothermic anoxic arrest and reperfusion. While creatine appears to be preserved for the energy pool, the increase in creatine phosphate does not appear to be adequate to overcome depression of the nucleotides.
Impact of Breastfeeding on Maternal Metabolism: Implications for Women with Gestational Diabetes

Lactating compared with nonlactating women display more favorable metabolic parameters, including less atherogenic blood lipids, lower fasting and postprandial blood glucose as well as insulin, and greater insulin sensitivity in the first 4 months postpartum. However, direct evidence demonstrating that these metabolic changes persist from delivery to postweaning is much less available. Studies have reported that longer lactation duration may reduce long-term risk of cardiometabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes, but findings from most studies are limited by self-report of disease outcomes, absence of longitudinal biochemical data, or no assessment of maternal lifestyle behaviors. Studies of women with a history gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also reported associations between lactation duration and lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms are not understood, but hormonal regulation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation and function or other metabolic pathways may mediate the lactation association with cardiometabolic disease in women.
Pregnancy does not alter the threshold for lidocaine-induced seizures in the rat

Although altered effects of various anesthetics have been demonstrated during pregnancy, published studies have incompletely defined potential pregnancy-induced changes in the central nervous system toxicity of lidocaine. Accordingly, the seizure threshold for lidocaine was measured in three groups of mechanically ventilated rats breathing 70% N2O-30% O2: male (n = 21), nonpregnant female (n = 19), and pregnant female (n = 23). Lidocaine was administered intravenously at a constant rate of 2.3 mg.kg-1.min-1 while the electroencephalogram was monitored continuously. Total doses of lidocaine and the durations of lidocaine infusion necessary to induce seizure activity were similar among groups. Plasma lidocaine concentrations at the onset of electroencephalographic seizure activity were also similar among groups (male = 10.7 +/- 5.5, nonpregnant female = 12.1 +/- 4.9, pregnant female = 10.8 +/- 4.1 micrograms/mL). In a subset of each group, brain lidocaine concentrations at the onset of seizure activity were also measured, and again no differences among groups were observed (male = 17.4 +/- 6.3, nonpregnant female = 16.8 +/- 4.5, pregnant female = 16.7 +/- 4.2 micrograms/100 g wet wt). The authors conclude that there are no pregnancy-specific alterations in either plasma or brain concentration thresholds for central nervous system toxicity of lidocaine in rats.
The Parent Threat Inventory: development, reliability, and validity.

Abstract Objective: The goal was to develop a retrospective inventory of parental threatening behavior to facilitate a better understanding of such behavior’s role in the etiology of psychological distress. Method: Inventory items were developed based on theory and 135 students’ responses to a question eliciting examples of threatening parental behavior. Following item development, two additional student samples ( n = 200 and n = 603) completed batteries of self-report measures. Responses were used to eliminate unstable or redundant items from the inventory and to examine the inventory’s psychometric properties. Results: Factor analysis of the inventory revealed three factors, accounting for 66.2% of variance; this factor structure is compatible with theory, and consistent across maternal behavior scores, paternal behavior scores, and combined maternal and paternal scores. Cronbach’s coefficient alphas indicated acceptable internal consistency; Pearson correlation coefficients indicated acceptable 4-week test-retest reliability. Moderate intercorrelations with two retrospective measures of childhood experiences suggested construct validity. Regression analyses demonstrated the ability of the inventory to predict both anxious and depressive symptomatology and lifetime symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorder. Normative data on combined parent scores, maternal scores, and paternal scores are also presented. Conclusions: Initial psychometric testing of the Parent Threat Inventory (PTI) suggests it is a reliable and valid tool for investigating the developmental antecedents of adult psychological distress. Further research should focus on addressing two limitations: (1) lack of normative and psychometric data on men and women suffering from clinical disorders, and (2) lack of validation by parental reporting.
Leakage-Free Bonding of Porous Membranes into Layered Microfluidic Array Systems

The integration of semiporous membranes into poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices is useful for mass transport control. Several methods such as plasma oxidation and manual application of PDMS prepolymer exist to sandwich such membranes into simple channel structures, but these methods are difficult to implement with reliable sealing and no leakage or clogging for devices with intricate channel features. This paper describes a simple but robust strategy to bond semiporous polyester and polycarbonate membranes between layers of PDMS microchannel structures effectively without channel clogging. A thin layer of PDMS prepolymer, spin-coated on a glass slide, is transferred to PDMS substrates with channel features as well as to the edges of the semiporous membrane by stamping. This thin PDMS prepolymer serves as “mortar” to strongly bond the two PDMS layers and seal off the crevices generated from the thickness of the membranes. This bonding method enabled the fabrication of an 8 × 12 criss-crossi...
Age-related changes in benzene disposition in male C57BL/6N mice described by a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.

Abstract A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to describe the disposition of benzene in 3- and 18-month C57BL/6N mice and to examine the relevant physiologic and/or biochemical parameters governing previously observed age-related changes in the disposition of benzene. The model developed was based on that of Medinsky et al. (Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 99 (1989) 193–206), with the inclusion of an additional rate constant for urinary elimination of benzene metabolites. Experimentally determined tissue partition coefficients for benzene in 3- and 18-month mice, as well as actual body weights and fat compartment volumes, were included as part of the model. Model simulations were conducted for oral exposure of 3-month mice to 10 and 200 mg benzene/kg and for oral exposure
Comparison of inorganic films and poly(4-vinylpyridine) coatings as electrode modifiers for flow-injection systems.

Abstract A glassy-carbon electrode modified with a ruthenium-containing inorganic film was used for the flow-injection determination of As(III). The linear working range was 5–100 μM, and the detection limit was 300 pg. The response was reproducible for periods of several days. A glassy-carbon electrode modified by adsorption of a quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) film impregnated with hexachloroiridate(II and III) was used for the oxidation of nitrite. The calibration graphs were non-linear and varied from day to day, and the peak widths were broad. Nitrite determination at a platinum electrode modified by adsorption of iodine gave results analogous to the As(III) study; however, an overlayer of quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) decreased the sensitivity.
A fast algorithm to minimize multi-output mixed-polarity generalized Reed-Muller forms

A very fast computer program that accepts a Boolean function as an array of multi-output disjoint cubes and returns a mixed-polarity Generalized Reed-Muller Form is presented. Such circuits often have gates and interconnections than classical sum-of-product realizations and are easily testable. The program was tested on many examples from literature as well as on many large arithmetic functions with up to 8 inputs, 8 output and 255 minterms. On all the examples from the literature the solutions were either the same or better than those generated by other methods. The algorithm is based on a new cube operation, called xlinking, that generalizes known operations of merger, exclusion and other logic operations specified by previous authors.
A RESPONSE TO STANLEY KLEIN: A DIALOGUE ON THE RELEVANCE OF QUANTUM THEORY TO RELIGION

. I respond to Stanley Klein's critique of my essay “Quantum Reality, the Emergence of Complex Order from Virtual States, and the Importance of Consciousness in the Universe,” arguing in support of the necessity to derive a quantum perspective of evolution rather than adhering to an essentially classical view. In response to Klein's criticism of my concept of a cosmic morality, the origins of that concept are traced back to Zeno of Citium. I wholeheartedly embrace Klein's suggestion that the new science inspires views of the human condition that can help us make the world a better place.
Trait diversity enhances yield in algal biofuel assemblages

Phytoplankton offer great potential as a bioenergy crop; however, technological advances are needed to intensify their yield and reduce their footprints for water, nutrients and land. One approach to enhance productivity is to grow polycultures of mixed species, which convert abiotic resources into biomass more efficiently than any single taxon. We measured traits related to nutrient and light use, growth rate, biomass production, stoichiometry and neutral lipid concentration in 16 diverse microalgal taxa. Species with large cells (primarily Chlorophyta) showed rapid growth, high asymptotic biomass, low minimum nutrient demands, and high cellular C: N and C: P ratios. These same species also exhibited high minimum demands for light and low lipid concentrations. We grew all 119 possible species pairs and found that biomass yield exceeded the component monocultures in polycultures consisting of species with highly divergent traits. However, underyielding occurred frequently as many pairs produced less biomass than either the mean or the maximum of the two component monocultures. In terms of ecological trade-offs, competitive ability for N and P were positively correlated, but negatively related to ability to grow at low light. In terms of bioenergy production, the species with high cellular lipid concentrations showed both slow growth and high demands for nutrients. Synthesis and applications. Our results identify trade-offs among functional traits that determine the suitability of different algal species as biofuel feedstocks and narrow the search for productive and robust species combinations to maximize bioenergy productivity. An approach based on the ecology of species traits will be more effective in optimizing yield in bioenergy communities than promoting high species diversity per se. © 2014 British Ecological Society.
Satellite augmentation of terrestial cellular mobile radio telephone systems

Cellular type mobile radio telephone systems offer the potential for higher capacity and better service than is now available. Terrestrially-based systems will be cost effective in densely populated areas, but could leave most of the land area without service. Satellites appear to offer a cost effective means to serve thinly populated areas, so a combined terrestrial and satellite system may provide an ubiquitous mobile telephone service. Reliable, good quality voice communications have been relayed through NASA's ATS satellites with mobile equipment adapted from commercially available units, demonstrating that the terrestrial and satellite cellular systems can be compatible. Vehicle position surveillance by voice bandwidth ranging from the satellites was shown to be practical and potentially accurate to about 1/10 mile. Mobile satellite communications were tested for long distance transportation, remote area search and rescue, and used for medical emergencies and disasters including the Mt. St. Helens eruption. The success of the ATS experiments has encouraged NASA to initiate studies to assess requirements, develop concepts, and plans for a multibeam demonstration satellite. International interest is evident in the 1979 WARC authorization for satellite mobile in the cellular band (806-890 MHz) and in joint Canadian/NASA discussions on the possibility of a multi-beam satellite to serve Canada and the United States.
CSISZAR DIVERGENCE FROM CONSTANT FAILURE RATE MODEL FOR GROUPED DATA

We propose a measure of divergence in failure rates of a system from the constant failure rate model for a grouped data situation. We use this measure to compare the divergences of several systems from the constant failure rate model and find the asymptotic distributions of the test statistics. Several applications are discussed to illustrate the procedure. In the context of testing the goodness-of-fit with the constant failure rate model, we conduct a simulation study which shows that this procedure compares favorably with the Pearson chi-square test and the likelihood ratio test procedures.
Clinical Performance of Roche COBAS 4800 HPV Test

Evaluation of the Cobas 4800 test demonstrated that Cobas had a low rate of cross-reactivity with low-risk human papillomavirus (lrHPV), a 3.74% disconcordance rate between prealiquots and postaliquots, and failure rates of 4.57% and 1.16%, respectively, after vortexing and swirling. This study demonstrated that the Cobas test has good sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility for detecting 14 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes.
The role of information technology in the organization: a review, model, and assessment

This paper reviews and extends recent scholarly and popular literature to provide a broad overview of how information technology (IT) impacts organizational characteristics and outcomes. First, based on a review of the literature, we describe two of the principal performance enhancing benefits of IT: information efficiencies and information synergies, and identify five main organizational outcomes of the application of IT that embody these benefits. We then discuss the role that IT plays in moderating the relationship between organizational characteristics including structure, size, learning, culture, and interorganizational relationships and the most strategic outcomes, organizational efficiency and innovation. Throughout we discuss the limitations and possible negative consequences of the use of IT and close by considering several key areas for future research.
C-reactive Protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a phylogenetically highly conserved plasma protein, with homologs in vertebrates and many invertebrates, that participates in the systemic response to inflammation. Its plasma concentration increases during inflammatory states, a characteristic that has long been employed for clinical purposes. CRP is a pattern recognition molecule, binding to specific molecular configurations that are typically exposed during cell death or found on the surfaces of pathogens. Its rapid increase in synthesis within hours after tissue injury or infection suggests that it contributes to host defense and that it is part of the innate immune response. Recently, an association between minor CRP elevation and future major cardiovascular events has been recognized, leading to the recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Heart Association that patients at intermediate risk of coronary heart disease might benefit from measurement of CRP. This review will largely focus on our current understanding of the structure of CRP, its ligands, the effector molecules with which it interacts, and its apparent functions.
A new multidimensional model of successful aging: perceptions of Japanese American older adults.

This study examined the concept of successful aging using an ethnographic grounded-theory approach. Seventy-seven Japanese American older adults participated in focus groups. Participants perceived successful aging as optimal functioning in the following areas: Physical health, psychological health, cognitive functioning, socialization, spirituality, and financial security. The content of each dimension represents both culture-specific and culturally-universal elements. This new multidimensional model of successful aging was compared to Rowe and Kahn’s (The Gerontologist 37:433–440, 1997) and Phelan et al.’s frameworks (Journal of the American Geriatric Society 52:211–216, 2004) of successful aging. The model of successful aging generated from this study appears to be more comprehensive than existing models and incorporates sociocultural experiences.
Nation, language, Islam: Tatarstan's sovereignty movement

Nation, language, Islam: Tatarstan's sovereignty movement, by Helen M. Faller, Budapest, Central European University Press, 2011, xiv + 333 pp., US$50.00 / €42.95 / £40.00, ISBN 978-963-9776-84-5 T...
Ouabain-sensitive interaction between human red cell membrane and glycolytic enzyme complex in cytosol

Binding of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to monophosphoglycerate mutase, of which it is an obligatory cofactor, causes changes in the resonance positions of the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of both phosphate groups. It has previously been shown that these resonances shift when other glycolytic enzymes, such as phosphoglycerate kinase, are added to form the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate . monophosphoglycerate mutase . phosphoglycerate kinase complex. In view of this association, we have examined the set of glycolytic enzymes from aldolase to pyruvate kinase and found evidence of direct communication between all of these enzymes. A multi-enzyme complex of 1--2 . 10(6) daltons has been separated from broken cell ghosts by Biogel column filtration and evidence has been presented to show that this complex exhibits aldolase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase activity. The glycolytic multi-enzyme complex interacts with the outer face of inside-out vesicles prepared from human red cells and the interaction is suppressed by application of 10(-6) M ouabain to the inner face of these vesicles. These studies show that the conformation of the enzymes comprising the megadalton complex are responsive to the application of ouabain to the outer red cell membrane surface.
Infrared spectroscopy of human cells and tissue. VIII. Strategies for analysis of infrared tissue mapping data and applications to liver tissue.

Experimental and computational methods of infrared microspectroscopy (IRI-MSP) and infrared spectral mapping (ISM) are presented. These methods are subsequently applied to the analysis of cirrhotic liver tissue. The sensitivity of infrared spectral mapping toward spectral changes caused by disease will be demonstrated. In addition, the excellent agreement between ISM data and histopathological information will be discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 57: 282-290, 2000
Chemotherapy for postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma.

Twenty-two patients with postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma have been seen at M. D. Anderson Hospital during the past 20 years. Of these, 13 received chemotherapy, either regionally, systemically, or both. Six patients were treated with regional chemotherapy using either methotrexate alone, a combination of melphalan, nitrogen mustard, and actinomycin D, or a combination of melphalan with nitrogen mustard or actinomycin D; 3 achieved a partial or complete response. Eleven patients received 19 trials of systemic chemotherapy; one complete and seven partial responses were observed, giving an overall response rate of 42% (8/19). Responses occurred with 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, a combination of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide, and a combination of Adriamycin and dacarbazine with or without vincristine. The median survival time of the six patients who responded to at least one chemotherapeutic trial was 26.5 months compared with four months for the five patients who failed to respond. These data indicate that chemotherapy may play a significant role in the treatment of patients with this rare but distinctive tumor. Cancer 47:853–856, 1981.
Simulation of gradient and band propagation in the centrifuge

A technique is developed for simulating the behavior of both the gradient-forming solute and macromolecular bands in a centrifuge. The change with time of the density gradient due to diffusion and sedimentation of the gradient-forming solute is calculated by a finite difference method, making use of the results of earlier work on the theory of the equilibrium density gradient. Using a perturbation technique, the concentration profiles of dilute bands of macromolecules are then calculated as they sediment and diffuse through the varying supporting gradient. Results of the stimulaion techniques are compared with experiment.
"Feeling disorder" as a comparative and contingent process: gender, neighborhood conditions, and adolescent mental health.

We explore the effects of neighborhood social disorder on internalizing symptoms among urban youth by focusing on three questions. First, we ask whether the impact of social disorder on internalizi...
Shapes of Two-Phonon Recombination Peaks in Silicon

The radiative recombination spectrum of excitons in $n$-type Si exhibits structure which has been analyzed in terms of one- and two-phonon processes. A model for radiative recombination of excitons is presented which predicts one-phonon peak shapes which are in good agreement with experiment and two-phonon peak shapes which are in fair agreement with experiment. Calculations are described with particular attention devoted to phonon decoupling approximations. The observed width of the ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}(25)$ two-phonon peak is accounted for very well by phonon dispersion effects. Neither the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{1}(60)$ nor the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{25}^{\ensuremath{'}}}(64)$ two-phonon peak alone can span the observed width of the assigned peak. We conclude that this peak is composite. The calculations provide the following best estimates of the magnitudes (meV) of intervalley electron-phonon matrix elements ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}(25)\ensuremath{-}261$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{1}(48)\ensuremath{-}80$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{1}(60)\ensuremath{-}178$, and the intravalley (valence band) matrix element ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{25}^{\ensuremath{'}}}(64)\ensuremath{-}403$ where the phonons are designated by their symmetry and energy (meV). Also included are certain intermediate results which show the effects of the approximations and permit modifications of the model to be tested without extensive calculation.
Patterns of organ donation among resuscitated patients at a regional cardiac arrest center.

Abstract Introduction As organ demand outpaces supply in the United States, donation after cardiac death (DCD) is increasing, and the leading cause of death among donors is now cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease. Selected patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest may be an under-recognized donor pool. Regional cardiac arrest centers are expected to address organ donation, but there are few guidelines available and the yield from this population is not fully known. Methods We characterized the progression of resuscitated cardiac arrest patients at a regional cardiac arrest center and transplant center from organ procurement organization (OPO) referral through procurement. We determined characteristics associated with donation, assessed temporal trends in referral and donation, and calculated the yield of organs from this cohort. Results Of 991 patients admitted between 2005 and 2011, 560 did not survive to hospital discharge. Of these, 530 (94.6%) were referred to the OPO and 75 (13.4%) had organs procured. Family refusal of otherwise suitable candidates precluded 71 procurements. Age, sex, arrest location, designated donor status, and family consent were associated with donation. The absolute number of admissions, referrals, and donors increased over the study period. The probability of OPO referral did not change, but the probability of donation increased. The overall yield was 1.8 solid organs and 1.3 eyes per donor, with the majority being transplanted. Conclusions Post-cardiac arrest patients represent a potential donor pool to help fill the widening gap between organ supply and demand in the United States. Formal multi-modal neurologic assessment may expedite referral to an organ procurement organization. These components should be considered as cardiac arrest center designation criteria.
Atomic spectral-product representations of molecular electronic structure: metric matrices and atomic-product composition of molecular eigenfunctions.

Recent progress is reported in development of ab initio computational methods for the electronic structures of molecules employing the many-electron eigenstates of constituent atoms in spectral-product forms. The approach provides a universal atomic-product description of the electronic structure of matter as an alternative to more commonly employed valence-bond- or molecular-orbital-based representations. The Hamiltonian matrix in this representation is seen to comprise a sum over atomic energies and a pairwise sum over Coulombic interaction terms that depend only on the separations of the individual atomic pairs. Overall electron antisymmetry can be enforced by unitary transformation when appropriate, rather than as a possibly encumbering or unnecessary global constraint. The matrix representative of the antisymmetrizer in the spectral-product basis, which is equivalent to the metric matrix of the corresponding explicitly antisymmetric basis, provides the required transformation to antisymmetric or linearly independent states after Hamiltonian evaluation. Particular attention is focused in the present report on properties of the metric matrix and on the atomic-product compositions of molecular eigenstates as described in the spectral-product representations. Illustrative calculations are reported for simple but prototypically important diatomic (H_2, CH) and triatomic (H_3, CH_2) molecules employing algorithms and computer codes devised recently for this purpose. This particular implementation of the approach combines Slater-orbital-based one- and two-electron integral evaluations, valence-bond constructions of standard tableau functions and matrices, and transformations to atomic eigenstate-product representations. The calculated metric matrices and corresponding potential energy surfaces obtained in this way elucidate a number of aspects of the spectral-product development, including the nature of closure in the representation, the general redundancy or linear dependence of its explicitly antisymmetrized form, the convergence of the apparently disparate atomic-product and explicitly antisymmetrized atomic-product forms to a common invariant subspace, and the nature of a chemical bonding descriptor provided by the atomic-product compositions of molecular eigenstates. Concluding remarks indicate additional studies in progress and the prognosis for performing atomic spectral-product calculations more generally and efficiently.
The effect of phencyclidine and dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid on N-methyl-d-aspartic acid induced changes in extracellular concentration of dop amine and dopac in the rat neostriatum

Abstract The effects of N- methyl- d -aspartic acid (NMDA) and phencyclidine (PCP) on extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum of the rat were studied using in vivo microdialysis. Intrastriatal infusion of NMDA produced a significant dose-dependent increase in extracellular DA and a decrease in concentrations of DOPAC. Whereas both 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) and PCP antagonized the NMDA-induced increase in extracellular levels of DA, the effect on NMDA-induced changes in extracellular concentrations of DOPAC were different for the two compounds. The APV significantly attenuated the decrease in extracellular DOPAC produced by smaller concentrations of NMDA, whereas PCP did not prevent decrease in DOPAC produced by any concentrations of NMDA. Phencyclidine alone produced a dose-dependent increase in extracellular DA but had no effect on the extracellular concentration of DOPAC. This study demonstrated that PCP, at concentrations which did not produce an increase in extracellular DA, antagonized the effect of the NMDA on DA. The data also indicated that both APV and PCP antagonized the NMDA-evoked release of DA over a range of concentrations of NMDA, even though they did so by different mechanisms.
A latent-relapsing neuroautoimmune disease in Syrian hamsters

Abstract Random bred Syrian hamsters sensitized with guinea pig spinal cord and immunologic adjuvants developed a chronic neurological disease characterized by a latent period of 50 to 100 days between sensitization and onset of clinical paralytic signs, and by chronic, often relapsing clinical disease. Histopathologic studies revealed inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear cells and evidence of focal demyelination throughout the neuraxis in 70% of the subjects examined 300 days postsensitization. Absence of clinical and histologic disease in hamsters injected with immunologic adjuvants or nervous tissue alone suggested that the disease was mediated by immunological mechanisms and probably a chronic variant of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. From evidence presented it appears that the chronic disease in hamsters is not due to intrinsic properties of the sensitizing inoculum, age at sensitization, or to unusual delays in the ability of hamsters to generate cellular immune responses. Alternative mechanisms whereby the host may modulate patterns of a chronic neurological disease are discussed. Elucidation of these mechanisms may afford insight into chronic, relapsing neurological diseases of humans.
Spanish multicentre trial on somatrem (1985-1986).

. Vicens-Calvet, E., Cuatrecasas-Membrado, J. M. and the Spanish Collaboraative Group. (Endocrinology Unit, Children's Hospital Tall ‘d'Hebron’, and Medical Department, KabiFides Peptide Hormones, Barcelona, Spain). Spanish multicentre trial on somatrem (1985–1986). Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:126, 1987. In an open multicentre trial, the safety and efficacy of somatrem, 4 IU i.m. three times weekly for 12 months, were evaluated in children with hGH deficiency with or without previous treatment with pituitary hGH. Patients were divided into young and prepubertal groups according to chronological age, and catch-up growth after treatment was greater in the former. Bone age evolved at the same rate as chronological age, irrespective of whether patients were previously untreated (naive) or previously treated. Fewer previously treated patients exhibited anti-hGH antibodies than naive patients. Somatrem appears to be a safe, efficient product for treating different degrees of hGH deficiency.
Gamma-Rays from Sodium Bombarded by Protons

The intensity of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-radiation emitted by sodium under proton bombardment has been studied as a function of the energy of the bombarding protons up to 1.9 Mev. Protons were accelerated by a 2-Mv pressure-insulated electrostatic generator, and were incident on a thin evaporated film of metallic sodium. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray intensities were measured by means of the counts produced by recoil electrons entering a single glass Geiger-M\"uller counter which actuated a scale-of-16 and mechanical recorder. Generator voltages were measured by a generating voltmeter, which was calibrated by means of the 0.862-Mev resonance in the $\mathrm{F}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ reaction. The yield curve shows 21 well-defined resonances, whose half-widths (with one exception) are probably experimental.
Tests of financial models in the presence of overlapping observations

A general approach to testing serial dependence restrictions implied from financial models is developed. In particular, we discuss joint serial dependence restrictions imposed by random walk, market microstructure, and rational expectations models recently examined in the literature. This approach incorporates more information from the data by explicitly modeling dependencies induced by the use of overlapping observations. Because the estimation problem is sufficiently simple in this framework, the test statistics have simple representations in terms of only a few unknown parameters. As a result, relatively good size properties are attained in small samples. In addition, the benefit to overlapping observations and the advantage of examining multiperiod time series are explicitly quantified.
Spatial Ontology And Physical Modalities

Most relational theories assert both that spatial discourse is reducible to talk about physical objects and their spatial relations, and that the relation of congruence derives from a non-metrical relation which intervals bear or possibly bear to measuring instruments. We have shown that there are serious logical difficulties involved in maintaining both these positions and the thesis of the continuity of space. We have also shown that Grunbaum's motivating argument for the reduction of congruence is unsound, and, moreover, that the prospects of formulating the kind of definition which this reduction requires seem to rest upon a wholly vague notion of physical possibility. Alternatively, if congruence is taken as primitive, it seems plausible that spatial discourse can be reconstructed so that there is no ontological commitment to spatial objects other than physical objects. Whether or not this relational thesis is ultimately defensible requires more elaboration of the relational theory, and investigation of its role in the formalizations of current physical theories. It is odd, considering the wide currency of relational theories, that this work has never been done.
Effect of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on the dynamic association between bulimic behaviors and pain thresholds.

Abstract Thresholds for detection of both pressure and thermal pain are elevated in patients with bulimia nervosa. The present study was aimed at determining (1) if pressure pain detection thresholds (PDT) varied dynamically with the primary disease symptoms of binge eating and vomiting and (2) if the elevation in PDT was effected by treatment with ondansetron (ONDAN), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. PDT was defined as the mean of the minimal amount of pressure (measured in g) perceived as painful when exerted by a 1 mm 2 blunted point onto the center of the ventral surface of the ungual phalanx of digits 2-5 of the non-dominant hand. Fourteen female patients with severe bulimia nervosa (currently >seven binge/vomit episodes per week;>2 years illness duration) served as participants. PDT were evaluated at weekly intervals during the course of ongoing treatment studies (double-blind and `open' label) investigating the therapeutic effects of ONDAN. Data were analyzed by random regression analyses, allowing for the repeated-measures and non-orthogonal design. Data collected from 14 patients under the no-drug condition indicated that PDT increased over the interval between binge/vomit episodes, with significant elevations occurring at times when patients had naturally exceeded their average inter-binge interval. Eleven of these 14 patients underwent 4 weeks of ONDAN treatment. Under this drug condition, the time since the last binge/vomit episode was no longer a significant predictor of PDT. These patients also experienced a significant reduction in the frequency of bulimic behaviors, a finding reported in detail elsewhere. The above finding from untreated patients support the involvement of a common underlying mechanism driving both the increase in pain detection thresholds and the occurrence of the next bulimic episode. This possibility is further supported by the findings that ONDAN treatment is associated with a significant moderation of both variables. The effect of ONDAN may be mediated by blockade of afferent vagal neurotransmission, although other mechanisms must be considered.
Evaluation of the Etest for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria

We compared the susceptibility test results of 220 anaerobes against 14 antimicrobials using the Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) with those using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standard agar dilution method (Wadsworth version). The Etest medium was brucella blood (whole) agar and the inoculum size was equivalent to a no. 1 McFarland standard. Thirty-six percent of Etest results were unreadable after 24 h of anaerobic incubation compared to only 5% after 48 h. Also, there were more results with categorical agreement with the NCCLS method after 48 h (97.9%) than at 24 h (89%) and more very major errors (VMEs) at 24 h (22% of resistant organisms) than at 48 h (3.2%). VMEs and major errors occurred most frequently with clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and trospectomycin (which should not be used with the Etest) and involved the Bacteroides fragilis group and/or Clostridium most commonly. The Etest is simple to perform and is a generally reliable method that is optimally read after 48 h of incubation. It should be an acceptable alternative to the agar dilution standard, although results with certain organism-antimicrobial combinations should be read very conservatively because of the frequency of VMEs.
The Relevance of Mouse Models for Investigating Age-Related Bone Loss in Humans

Mice are increasingly used for investigation of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis because their genome is easily manipulated, and their skeleton is similar to that of humans. Unlike the human skeleton, however, the murine skeleton continues to grow slowly after puberty and lacks osteonal remodeling of cortical bone. Yet, like humans, mice exhibit loss of cancellous bone, thinning of cortical bone, and increased cortical porosity with advancing age. Histologic evidence in mice and humans alike indicates that inadequate osteoblast-mediated refilling of resorption cavities created during bone remodeling is responsible. Mouse models of progeria also show bone loss and skeletal defects associated with senescence of early osteoblast progenitors. Additionally, mouse models of atherosclerosis, which often occurs in osteoporotic participants, also suffer bone loss, suggesting that common diseases of aging share pathophysiological pathways. Knowledge of the causes of skeletal fragility in mice should therefore be applicable to humans if inherent limitations are recognized.
Predicting language: MEG evidence for lexical preactivation

It is widely assumed that prediction plays a substantial role in language processing. However, despite numerous studies demonstrating that contextual information facilitates both syntactic and lexical-semantic processing, there exists no direct evidence pertaining to the neural correlates of the prediction process itself. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), this study found that brain activity was modulated by whether or not a specific noun could be predicted, given a picture prime. Specifically, before the noun was presented, predictive contexts triggered enhanced activation in left mid-temporal cortex (implicated in lexical access), ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (previously associated with top-down processing), and visual cortex (hypothesized to index the preactivation of predicted form features), successively. This finding suggests that predictive language processing recruits a top-down network where predicted words are activated at different levels of representation, from more 'abstract' lexical-semantic representations in temporal cortex, all the way down to visual word form features. The same brain regions that exhibited enhanced activation for predictive contexts before the onset of the noun showed effects of congruence during the target word. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to directly investigate the anticipatory stage of predictive language processing.
A new filter design technique for coded excitation systems

To increase range resolution and produce acceptable range sidelobe levels, filtering techniques rather than direct complex correlation are applied in coded excitation systems. A filter design technique based on both peak sidelobe levels and minimum sidelobe energy criteria is developed. In comparison to a classic inverse filter, this approach reduces sidelobe levels under a prespecified threshold. Further reduction can be achieved by extending the filter length. This technique can be more generally applied to similar signal processing problems. Both the mathematical formulation and simulation results demonstrating the utility of the technique are presented. A discussion of quantization effects is included. >
Thermodynamics of melittin tetramerization determined by circular dichroism and implications for protein folding.

The tetramerization of melittin, a 26-amino acid peptide from Apis mellifera bee venom, has been studied as a model for protein folding. Melittin converts from a monomeric random coil to an alpha-helical tetramer as the pH is raised from 4.0 to 9.5, as ionic strength is increased, as temperature is raised or lowered from about 37 degrees C, or as phosphate is added. The thermodynamics of this tetramerization (termed "folding") are explored using circular dichroism. The melittin tetramer has two pKa values of 7.5 and 8.5 corresponding to protonation of the N-terminus and Lys 23, respectively. pKa values calculated with the program DelPhi (Gilson, M.K., Sharp, K.A., & Honig, B.H., 1987, J. Comp. Chem. 9, 327-335; Gilson, M.K. & Honig, B.H., 1988a, Proteins 3, 32-52; Gilson, M.K. & Honig, B.H., 1988b, Proteins 4, 7-18) agree with experimental titration data. Greater electrostatic repulsion of these protonated groups destabilizes the tetramer by 3.6 kcal/mol at pH 4.0 compared to pH 9.5. Increasing the concentration of NaCl in the solution from 0 to 0.5 M stabilizes the tetramer by 5-6 kcal/mol at pH 4.0. The effect of NaCl is modeled with a ligand-binding approach. The melittin tetramer is found to have a temperature of maximum stability ranging from 35.5 to 43 degrees C depending on the pH, unfolding above and below that temperature. delta Cp0 for folding ranges from -0.085 to -0.102 cal g-1 K-1, comparable to that of other small globular proteins (Privalov, P.L., 1979, Adv. Protein Chem. 33, 167-241). delta H0 and delta S0 are found to decrease with temperature, presumably due to the hydrophobic effect (Kauzmann, W., 1959, Adv. Protein Chem. 14, 1-63). Phosphate is found to perturb the equilibrium substantially with a maximal effect at 150 mM, stabilizing the tetramer at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C by 4.6 kcal/mol. The enthalpy change due to addition of phosphate (-7.5 kcal/mol at 25 degrees C) can be accounted for by simple dielectric screening. Both circular dichroism and crystallographic results suggest that phosphate may bind Lys 23 at the ends of the elongated tetramer. These detailed measurements give insight into the relative importance of various forces for the stability of melittin in the folded form and may provide an experimental standard for future tests of computational energetics on this simple protein system.