cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The foundation is solid, if you know where to look: comment on Felin and Foss

This paper offers an alternative to the view of the routines literature provided by T. Felin and N. J. Foss, ‘The Endogenous Origins of Experience, Routines and Organizational Capabilities: The Poverty of Stimulus’, published by the Journal of Institutional Economics. The emphasis here is on practice-based theories of organizational routines that are grounded in close, ethnographic observation of real routines. While this literature may be unfamiliar to some readers, it is relevant here because it specifically contradicts the core assertions made by Felin and Foss. Further, this literature provides a clear theoretical foundation for subsequent research on problems such as stability and change in routines, the nature of capabilities and dynamic capabilities, and complex ecologies of routines.
Complications Using Bioabsorbable Cross-Pin Femoral Fixation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The use of bioabsorbable cross-pin transcondylar fixation has remained a viable option for femoral fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Although numerous biomechanical studies have demonstrated high fixation strength and minimal slippage with use of this method of fixation, there have been increasing reports of a variety of clinical complications associated with these implants. We reviewed the literature for all complications associated with the Bio-TransFix implant and present a case report of a patient status after ACL reconstruction using Bio-TransFix cross-pin femoral fixation with iliotibial band friction syndrome from a broken cross-pin four month post-operatively.
Evidence-based, parent-mediated interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder: The case of restricted and repetitive behaviors

Restricted and repetitive behaviors represent a core symptom of autism spectrum disorders. While there has been an increase in research into this domain in recent years, compared to social-communication impairments experienced by children with autism spectrum disorders, much less is known about their development, etiology, and management. Parent-mediated interventions have become increasingly popular in the field, with a surge of studies reporting significant findings in social communication and cognitive development in early childhood. Restricted and repetitive behaviors are often not specifically targeted or measured as an outcome within these interventions. This article reviews how 29 parent-mediated interventions approached the management, treatment, and measurement of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Recommendations for research and practice are presented.
An Experimental Investigation on the Trailing Edge Cooling of Turbine Blades by using PIV and PSP Techniques

() An experimental investigation was conducted to study the flow characteristics of the wall jets exiting from the trailing edge cooling slots at the pressure side breakout of turbine blades and the resultant film cooling effectiveness over the protected wall. In the present study, while air flow was supplied to simulate the hot main stream, the cooling jet streams were fed by using pure nitrogen. The mixing of the hot ambient gas into the cooling flows in gas turbines is replaced by the mixing of ambient air flow into the nitrogen jet streams over the protected wall. A high-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to achieve detailed flow field measurements to quantify the evolutions of the unsteady vortex and turbulent flow structures in the cooling jet streams to examine the dynamic mixing process between the cooling jet streams and the main stream flows on the protested wall. Based on the theory of mass transfer analogy, the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness on the protected wall is expressed in the term of the oxygen concentration distribution over the protected wall, which is measured by using the pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the adiabatic cooling effectiveness maps to elucidate underlying physics in order to improve our understanding for a longer lifetime and better performance of turbine blades used for future advanced power.
A METHOD and RESOURCES for ASSESSING the Reliability of Simulation Evaluation Instruments

Aim. This article describes a successfully piloted method for facilitating rapid psychometric assessments of three simulation evaluation instruments: the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric, the Seattle University Evaluation Tool, and the Creighton-Simulation Evaluation InstrumentTM. Background. To provide valid and reliable evaluations of student performance in simulation activities, it is important to assess the psychometric properties of evaluation instruments. Method. This novel method incorporates the use of a database of validated, video-archived simulations depicting nursing students performing at varying levels of proficiency. A widely dispersed sample of 29 raters viewed and scored multiple scenarios over a six-week period. Analyses are described including inter- and intrarater reliability, internal consistency, and validity assessments. Results and Conclusion. Descriptive and inferential statistics supported the validity of the leveled scenarios. The inter- and intrarater reliability and internal c...
In vivo imaging of gene delivery and expression

Abstract Recent progress in the development of high-resolution imaging techniques and reporter probes is expected to revolutionize molecular imaging research in animal models of human disease and, ultimately, clinical practice. These developments provide inroads to continuous monitoring and quantitation of gene delivery and gene expression during experimental gene therapy. Furthermore, techniques using novel imaging transgenes and reporter probes enable imaging of the regulation of gene expression in living animals. This could significantly aid the development of therapeutics targeted at individual populations of cells or even specific molecules.
Robust and efficient image alignment with spatially varying illumination models

Image alignment is one of the most important task in computer vision. In this paper, we explicitly model spatial illumination variations by low-order polynomial functions in an energy minimization framework. Data constraints for the alignment and illumination parameters are derived from the first-order Taylor approximation of a generalized brightness assumption. We formulate the parameter estimation problem in a weighted least-square framework by using the influence function from robust estimation to derive an iterative re-weighted least-square algorithm. A dynamic weighting scheme, which combines the factors from influence function, consistency of image gradients and nonlinear image intensity sensing, is used to improve the robustness of the image matching. In addition, a constraint sampling scheme and an estimation-warping alternative strategy are used in the proposed algorithm to improve its efficiency and accuracy. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the robustness, efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm.
Telemedicine in Leading US Neurology Departments

Objective: To determine the current practice and plans for telemedicine at leading US neurology departments. Design and Setting: An electronic survey was sent to department chairs, administrators, or faculty involved in telemedicine at 47 neurology departments representing the top 50 hospitals as ranked by U.S. News and World Report. Main Outcome Measures: Current use, size, scope, reimbursement, and perceived quality of telemedicine services. Results: A total of 32 individuals from 30 departments responded (64% response rate). The primary respondents were neurology faculty (66%) and department chairs (22%). Of the responding departments, 60% (18 of 30) currently provide telemedicine and most (n = 12) had initiated services within the last 2 years. Two thirds of those not providing telemedicine plan to do so within a year. Departments provide services to patients in state, out of state, and internationally, but only 6 departments had more than 50 consultations in the last year. The principal applications were stroke (n = 14), movement disorders (n = 4), and neurocritical care (n = 3). Most departments (n = 12) received external funding for telemedicine services, but few departments (n = 3) received payment from insurers (eg, Medicare, Medicaid). Reimbursement (n = 21) was the most frequently identified barrier to implementing telemedicine services. The majority of respondents (n = 20) find telemedicine to be equivalent to in-person care. Conclusions: Over 85% of leading US neurology departments currently use or plan to implement telemedicine within the next year. Addressing reimbursement may allow for its broader application.
TRANSPORT OF SOLID WASTE - ROAD TRANSPORT VERSUS RAIL TRANSPORT- CASE STUDY CHRISTCHURCH

The focus of this study is to analyse the operations of solid waste transport from Christchurch (New Zealand) to a recently opened regional landfill 70km north of Christchurch by comparing two scenarios - road and rail transport. The thrust of the research is based on the logistics of transporting solid waste and identifying the CO2 emissions or in simple terms the energy used by the two modes. The study takes into consideration solid waste data from 2000-2005 and extrapolates future waste data to assess the situation in 2015. The modelling looks separately at road and a combination of rail-road operations by outlining the various planning and logistics requirements for transporting solid household waste from Christchurch to the new Kate Valley landfill.
Effects of Norepinephrine on Coronary Circulation and Left Ventricular Dynamics in the Conscious Dog

The effects of norepinephrine (0.1 and 1.0 µg/kg, iv) on coronary blood flow and resistance, left ventricular pressure and diameter, dP/dt, (dP/dt)/P, and the velocity (VISO) of myocardial fiber shortening were studied in conscious dogs. When the heart rate was held constant, norepinephrine caused an initial reduction in coronary vascular resistance which was associated with increases in mean arterial blood pressure, systolic left ventricular pressure, end-diastolic diameter, dP/dt, (dP/dt)/P, and VISO. After this brief coronary vasodilator response, a sustained increase occurred in mean coronary vascular resistance (+0.55 ± 0.07 mm Hg/ml min-1), and increases persisted in mean arterial blood pressure (+67 ± 7 mm Hg), left ventricular systolic pressure (+74 ± 6 mm Hg), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (+4 ± 1 mm Hg), left ventricular internal diameter (+1.3 ± 0.3 mm), peak dP/dt (+1660 mm Hg/sec), (dP/dt)/P (+15 ± 2 sec-1), and VISO (+11 ± 2 mm/sec); coronary sinus Po2 decreased. Beta-receptor bloc...
Heterogeneity of hypoxia-mediated decrease in IK(V) and increase in [Ca2+]cyt in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is caused by a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) via multiple mechanisms. PASMC consist of heterogeneous phenotyp...
New Roles for Student Support Services in Distance Learning.

This chapter describes exemplary community college student services programs and proposes a model designed to help community colleges reconfigure their support services for distance learners while also improving their services to on-campus students.
Teaching the Process of Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics: A Multi-Part Inquiry-Based Exercise

Three approaches to molecular phylogenetics are demonstrated to biology students as they explore molecular data from Homo sapiens and four related primates. By analyzing DNA sequences, protein sequ...
Fluorescence Studies on the Interaction between Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzymes

Abstract The association of the enzyme cystathionase with the apoprotein of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy at protein concentrations lower than 1 mg per ml. The interaction between cystathionase and the 4-pyridoxic-5'-P-apoaminotransferase complex at pH 7.4 brings about dissociation of the inhibitor 4-pyridoxic-5'-P from the catalytic site of the aminotransferase. The rate of release of 4-pyridoxic-5'-P is easily monitored by measuring its increase in fluorescence at 425 nm as a function of incubation time. The rate of fluorescence enhancement at 425 nm, which is related to the dissociation of 4-pyridoxic-5'-P from the apoaminotransferase, is influenced by the molar ratio of cystathionase to aminotransferase in the reaction mixture. The resolved form of the enzyme cystathionase failed to dissociate the 4-pyridoxic-5'-P-apoaminotransferase complex, while free pyridoxal-5-P is much less efficient than pyridoxal-5-P bound to the cystathionase in promoting dissociation of the inhibitor 4-pyridoxic-5'-P. Polarization of fluorescence measurements on aspartate aminotransferase labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was used to detect the formation of a complex of this enzyme with cystathionase. The binding of labeled transaminase to cystathionase is accompanied by an increase in the polarization of fluorescence from 0.21 to 0.30 without any change in the fluorescence life-time of the fluorophore (τ = 4.5 ns) covalently bound to the aminotransferase. The binding process is reversible and the results of the polarization titrations indicate a strong affinity of the aminotransferase for cystathionase (Kd = 1 µm).
Immigration, residential location, car ownership, and commuting behavior: a multivariate latent class analysis from California

Using latent class cluster analysis, this paper investigates the spatial, social, demographic, and economic determinants of immigrants’ joint distribution among travel time, mode choice, and departure time for work using the 2000 Census long form data. Through a latent tree structure analysis, age, residential location, immigration stage, gender, personal income, and race are found to be the primary determinants in the workplace commute decision-making process. By defining several relatively homogeneous population segments, the likelihood of falling into each segment is found to differ across age groups and geography, with different indicators affecting each group differentially. This analysis complements past studies that used regression models to investigate socio-demographic indicators and their impact on travel behavior in two distinct ways: (a) analysis is done by considering travel time, mode choice, and departure time for work simultaneously, and (b) heterogeneity in behavior is accounted for using methods that identify different groups of behavior and then their determinants. Conclusively the method here is richer than many other methods used to study the ethnically diverse population of California and shows the addition of geographic location and latent segment identification to greatly improve our understanding of specific behaviors. It also provides evidence that immigrants are as diverse as the non-immigrant population and transportation policies need to be defined accordingly.
A culture chamber for the microscopical study of living bacteria with some observations on the spore-bearing aerobes.

SYNOPSIS. The culture chamber described consists essentially of a cellophane membrane on the upper surface of which micro-organisms are grown. Their nutrient medium is supplied to the under surface of the membrane. The organisms can be studied microscopically by vertical illumination. The gaseous and liquid environment can be changed at will while a single cell or small group is kept under observation. Micromanipulative techniques can be applied. The use of the chamber is exemplified by experiments with members of the genus Bacillus.
On the existence of natural spontaneously-fissioning superheavy elements

Abstract Unusual spontaneously-fissioning activities were observed with the aid of the mylar foil technique in technical grade HfO2. Volatile deposits were isolated from HfO2 after thermochromatographic separation of HfCl4 in a stream of chlorinating gas. Fission tracks were measured over a period of four years through eleven exposures of 13 μm thick mylar foils on separated fractions. The fractions taken at 525, 650 and 680°C show some unknown spontaneously-fissioning radioactivity. Similarly, a spontaneously-fissioning activity was separated on anionite in 9 to 8 M HCl fractions from an enriched hafnium oxychloride solution. The 680°C fraction showed fission fragment tracks in the first and all subsequent exposures. The tracks in the 525 and 650°C fractions did not begin to appear until approx. 500 days after separation; they are growing at this time in these fractions. A majority of the tracks in the 525, 650 and 680°C fractions are unusually “fat” in comparison with neighboring 238U-tracks exposed simultaneously on mylar (two to three times thicker) and some have long range. The observed “fat” tracks are best explained as evidence of fission fragments from a natural, superheavy element.
Identification of a novel cardiac-specific transcript critical for cardiac myocyte differentiation

A novel cDNA, pCMF1, which is expressed exclusively and transiently in the myogenic cells of the differentiating chicken heart was isolated and characterized. The full-length cDNA of pCMF1 has one open reading frame encoding 1538 predicted amino acids. While computer analysis predicts the presence of specific structural motifs, the overall sequence of pCMF1 is unique. The pattern of pCMF1 gene expression during heart formation was determined by whole-mount in situ hybridization. pCMF1 is transiently expressed within the myogenic cells of the primitive heart tube from stages 9 to 18 and is not detected in the heart or any other tissue thereafter. A replication-deficient retrovirus was used to mediate pCMF1 antisense expression in cardiogenic mesoderm. These analyses determined that the presence of pCMF1 antisense sequences disrupted myosin heavy chain expression during cardiac mesoderm differentiation. pCMF1 antisense had no effect on myosin heavy chain expression in differentiated cardiac myocytes. These data suggest a potential function for pCMF1 during cardiac myogenesis.
Fabrication of high frequency two-dimensional nanoactuators for scanned probe devices

The authors have developed an integrated silicon process that uses suspended single crystal silicon (SCS) structures to fabricate x-y capacitive translators and high aspect ratio conical tips for scanned probe devices. The integrated nanomechanical device design and the process sequence include methods to form integrated tunneling tip pairs and to produce electrical isolation, contacts, and conductors. Each device occupies a nominal area of 40 mu m*40 mu m. These devices include a novel self-aligned tip-above-a-tip tunneling structure and capacitive x-y translators defined by electron beam lithography and the thermal oxidation of silicon. The x-y translators produce a maximum x-y displacement of +or-200 nm for an applied voltage of 55 V. The low mass (2*10/sup -13/ kg), rigid structure has a measured fundamental mechanical resonant frequency of 5 MHz. >
Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition.

Depression is a disorder of impaired emotion regulation. Consequently, examining individual differences in the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies has considerable potential to inform models of this debilitating disorder. The aim of the current study was to identify cognitive processes that may be associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies and to elucidate their relation to depression. Depression has been found to be associated with difficulties in cognitive control and, more specifically, with difficulties inhibiting the processing of negative material. We used a negative affective priming task to assess the relations among inhibition and individual differences in the habitual use of rumination, reappraisal, and expressive suppression in clinically depressed, formerly depressed, and never-depressed participants. We found that depressed participants exhibited the predicted lack of inhibition when processing negative material. Moreover, within the group of depressed participants, reduced inhibition of negative material was associated with greater rumination. Across the entire sample, reduced inhibition of negative material was related to less use of reappraisal and more use of expressive suppression. Finally, within the formerly depressed group, less use of reappraisal, more use of rumination, and greater expressive suppression were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that individual differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies play an important role in depression, and that deficits in cognitive control are related to the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in this disorder.
BEHAVIORAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES OF TÚNGARA FROGS TO VARIATION IN POND DENSITY

Population responses to variable environments can result from individual behavior (i.e., dispersal and habitat selection) or demography (i.e., changes in birth and death rates). Distinguishing behavioral from demographic responses to environmental variability has important implications for interpretation of spatial patterns and projections of population persistence. I studied the behavioral and demographic responses of tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, to experimental variation in the density of breeding ponds over two years. At natural spatiotemporal scales of variation in pond density, behavioral responses predominated over demographic responses. In the first year of the experiment, when plots varied in pond density, tungara frogs were proportionally more abundant in plots that contained higher densities of ponds. This behavioral response appeared to be due to increased ability to find plots with high pond densities and reduced effects of pond saturation (i.e., availability of unused ponds) within these plots. In the second year of the experiment, when plots had equal pond densities, there was a detectable demographic response to breeding-pond density early in the season, with fewer frogs in plots that had contained no ponds in the previous year. This response was short-lived, however, and by the end of the second year there was no detectable demographic effect. These results demonstrate that behavioral responses may predominate over demographic responses even on relatively large scales. Thus, studies demonstrating changes in patterns of abundance and distribution must be cautious in interpreting these results in the context of metapopulation dynamics without a detailed understanding of species-specific dispersal behavior.
"The Last Bastion of Colonialism": Appalachian Settler Colonialism and Self-Indigenization

This article outlines and interrogates the neglected settler-colonial discourse of White Appalachians, in particular their construction of a White indigeneity. In order to justify occupation and reconcile themselves to the wider settler-colonial society, influential settler Appalachian scholars and activists positioned themselves as a colonized Indigenous people, advancing the once-paradigmatic Colonialist model of Appalachian exploitation. This discursive replacement of American Indians allows settler Appalachians to assert their own White subjectivity as a form of indigeneity and their ownership of the land as decolonization.
Problems in the Clinical Interpretation of Impedance Plethysmogram and Rheoencephalogram

It must be accepted that the clinical use of impedance plethysmography, and rheoencephalography (REG) in particular, remains controversial. Other participants in this Conference will doubtless discuss the safety factors which must be considered in the design and construction of equipment to be used in impedance plethysmography. Such factors are, of course, important and are particularly significant when human study is intended. It should be remembered, however, that the proper design, construction, and clinical use of such equipment comprise only the first half of the complete safety problem. The patient remains at considerable risk after his tracing is completed and he has left the tracing suite.
When Products and Brands Trade Hands: A Framework for Acquisition Success

This research examines the influence of a firm’s focus on either products or brands in an acquisition announcement on investor reactions and value creation for the acquiring firm. We conduct an event study of product and brand acquisitions in multiple business-to-consumer industries over a 30-year period (1980–2012). We find that value creation from such acquisitions depends on target resource strength and resource fit (relatedness between the acquirer’s and target’s product offerings). Further, the acquirer’s marketing management capability and product line diversification affect the ability of the firm to engage in resource transfer following the acquisition.
Thermoplastic in-situ Molecular Composites

The basic concepts of in-situ molecular composite formation are presented with a polyazomethine/nylon 6 system as an example. All the encouraging attributes of molecular reinforcement - increased Tg, solvent resistance and mechanical properties were observed. This provides a commodity resin, such as nylon 6, with properties normally associated with higher priced engineering/specialty resins.
Life History and Host Specificity Studies of Heterographis fulvobasella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

In the search for a means of controlling the toxic weed Halogeton glomeratus Mey. that infests millions of acres in the Western United States, the phycitid moth Heterographis fulvobasella Ragonot was studied. This moth attacks and damages the closely related species, Halogeton sativus Mey., in Morocco and Spain. Biology, distribution, and host-specificity tests of the moth are described. Oviposition and larval starvation tests indicated that the moth could complete its life cycle only on Halogeton sativus, Kochia scoparia Schrad., and Salsola kali L. under laboratory conditions. Twenty-five other plant species and varieties of the families Chenopodiaceae, Graminae, Solanaceae, Cruciferae, Umbelliferae, Polygonaceae, and Leguminoseae were tested. All of these proved to be unsuitable hosts. Tests with Halogeton glomeratus were not conclusive.
Market Evaluation Versus Reputation: Two Approaches to CEO Overcompensation and Effects on CSR

This study explores the impact of CEO overcompensation from two perspectives, the economic-based view and the cognition- based view, on the socially responsible activities of the firms. To compare the behavioral differences for each compensation, we defined CEO overcompensation into two types: (1) internal overcompensation (CEO compensation relative to average compensation of other executives) and (2) external overcompensation (CEO compensation relative to average labor market rate). Using a sample of 6,269 firms and 1,076 CEOs over more than a decade, we found that internal overcompensation dampened CSR efforts due to strong CEO internal dominance power pursuing their imminent self-interests. By contrast, external overcompensation enhanced CSR performance because of the CEOs’ personal desire to preserve their status. Moreover, age, industry CSR performance, and the firm’s financial performance moderated the main relationships, supporting the contingent roles of CEO overcompensation, highlighting distinct...
RESEARCH ON CASING STRENGTH UNDER NON- UNIFORM LOADING

API specified casing strength is under non-uniform loading. So casing strength under non- uniform loading will be changed. In order to solve the problem of casing strength under non- uniform loading, this paper presents change law of casing strength and calculation method of casing strength.
New modern Chinese women and gender politics : the centennial of the end of the Qing Dynasty

Introduction, Ya-chen Chen Part I: New Modern Women in China 1. The Idea of Human Equality and the Early Republican Era, Daniel C. Palm 2. Fashion and Freedom: A Textual Analysis of Chinese Women from 1911 to 2011, Garrick Harden and Chiung-fang Chang 3. Revolutionary Femininity in Performance: Female Characters in Beijing Opera Model Plays during China's Cultural Revolution, Xing Fan 4. Pygmalion in China, Valerie Levan 5. The White Snake in Modern China, Liang Luo 6. Gendering of Historiography: the Pregnant Nude and Photographic Representation, Shuqin Cui Part II: New Modern Chinese Women with Overseas Experience 7. Forges for Change: Overseas Education for Chinese Women at the Turn of the Republican Period in China, Linda H. Chiang 8. Taiwan's First Female Overseas Student as an American Attorney: My Career Stories and Fighting Spirit, Marian S. K Ming 9. The Image of the Traveling Mother in Eileen Chang's The Fall of the Pagoda and The Book of Change, Jie Guo 10. New Modern Chinese Women in the United States, Ya-chen Chen Part III: Queer Issues in New Modern Chinese Gender Politics 11. Demystifying Heteronormality: Homosexuality from China's Past and Beyond, Tiantian Zheng 12. Chinese GBT Socio-culturally Situated in Confucian Gender Ethics: Farewell My Concubine since the Late Qing Dynasty, Ya-chen Chen 13. Cinematic Visualization of Spiritual Lesbianism in Monika Treut's Ghosted: Countering the Essentialist Concerns about Li Ang's Literary Works, Ya-chen Chen
Alternate stimulation of apical CFTR by genistein in epithelia.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is a Cl- channel regulated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A. A cAMP-independent activation has been recently shown for the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein in CFTR-transfected NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. We further studied the role of genistein on Cl- secretion in HT-29/B6 and T84 colonic epithelial cells, which express native CFTR in their apical membranes. Transepithelial Cl- secretion was more effectively stimulated in T84 cells when compared with HT-29/B6 cells by mucosal perfusion with 50 microM genistein. Genistein, like the cAMP agonist forskolin, stimulated CFTR activity in cell-attached patches of single cells with similar slope conductances of 8.5 +/- 0.5 and 9.2 +/- 0.3 pS, respectively. Monolayers in Ussing chambers were basolaterally permeabilized with the pore former alpha-toxin, and gradient-driven Cl- current across the apical membrane (ICl) was measured. ICl was stimulated by serosal (i.e., cytosolic) cAMP (half-maximal stimulatory concentration = 9.8 +/- 1.9 microM). In the presence of cAMP (> 5 microM), subsequent mucosal, but not serosal, addition of genistein further increased Icl by approximately 16%; in the absence of cytosolic cAMP, genistein had no effect on ICl. The inactive analogue daidzein had no effect. When cAMP agonists were removed in the continued presence of genistein, ICl remained elevated in both permeabilized and intact monolayers as well as in cell-attached patches of single cells. In addition, genistein blocked K- currents across the basolateral membrane in apically amphotericin B-permeabilized monolayers (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 44.2 +/- 8.1 microM). Therefore, in intact epithelia, the overall secretory response to genistein is composed of stimulatory effects on the apical CFTR and inhibitory effects on the basolateral K+ conductance. We propose that genistein blocks a phosphatase, which regulates CFTR during cAMP-dependent stimulation.
Hepatic ultrastructural changes induced by the toxin microcystin-LR (MCLR) in mice.

Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a cyclic heptapeptide produced by the blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa. It is highly toxic and causes death in rodents due to hypovolemic shock with associated intrahepatic hemorrhage. The molecular mechanism of toxicity is unknown. In order to provide additional information regarding the toxicity of MCLR, the ultrastructural changes present in livers of mice following the administration of 100 micrograms MCLR/kg intraperitoneally, (i.p.) were examined. Time-dependent changes were observed. Disruption of cell to cell contact occurred with infiltration of erythrocytes 60 min after MCLR treatment. Hepatocyte distortion, mitochondrial aggregation, and the prominent accumulation of large areas of endoplasmic reticulum were observed. No detectable hepatic changes in sinusoidal endothelial cells were present. The results suggest that MCLR preferentially affects hepatocytes, although the observations do not preclude the involvement of hepatic vasculature in the toxicity of MCLR.
Effect of Cholecystokinin Variant (CCK39) on Dispersed Acinar Cells from Guinea Pig Pancreas

In dispersed acinar cells from guinea pig pancreas, cholecystokinin variants (CCK39 and CCK33) or carboxyl-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) caused significant increases in outflux of 45Ca, cyclic GMP, and release of amylase. In homogenates of acinar cells each peptide caused a significant increase in adenylate cyclase activity. For each function tested (1) CCK39 was equipotent with CCK33, (2) CCK39 and CCK33 were 10 to 30 times less potent than CCK-OP, (3) the efficacies of CCK39, CCK33, and CCK-OP were the same, and (4) none of these effects were altered by concentrations of atropine sufficient to abolish the action of muscarinic cholinergic agents.
The role of winter sublimation in the Arctic moisture budget

In the Arctic, the simplest way to describe the winter surface moisture budget (in the absence of any net horizontal transport) is: snow-water-equivalent depth on the ground ( D ) equals precipitation ( P ) minus sublimation ( S ). D , P and S are the most fundamental components of the winter arctic hydrologic cycle and understanding them is essential to understanding arctic moisture-related processes. Unfortunately, accurate solid-precipitation ( P ) measurements have proven nearly impossible to achieve in the Arctic, because precipitation generally falls when it is windy. Gauge undercatch can range from 55–75% depending on the gauge type and wind conditions. The state of knowledge for winter sublimation ( S ) is even more limited. There are few actual measurements and most studies have used physical models to estimate this quantity. Moreover, fundamental questions concerning the boundary-layer physics of arctic winter sublimation remain unanswered. Resolving these is essential to closing local, regional, and pan-Arctic moisture budgets because some studies indicate sublimation may be as much as 50% of the total winter precipitation and 35% of the annual precipitation. This paper summarizes and analyzes the existing literature describing arctic sublimation.
The Ambivalent Black Middle Class

The post-1960s expansion of the black middle class, important for many reasons, has also raised questions about the nature of race relations in American society. Like other middle classes, their rise to material prosperity is important in itself in facilitating a better quality of life, but the symbolic aspects of this rise may be even more consequential. Symbolically, because of the history of black oppression in the United States, the black middle class has come to represent African Americans’ potential for accessing the American dream. This is not to argue that attaining middle-class status is the only route through which life quality can be improved. That some less affluent blacks have created a well-trod path to upward mobility through their athletic and musical talents is well known. Dan Charnas’ The Big Payback (2010), which describes how hip hop artists and producers leveraged the genre’s popularity to become mini-moguls, is a good example of this rags-to-riches possibility.
An Atomic Resonance Filter Operating at Fraunhofer Wavelengths

The atomic resonance filter is an isotropic, wide field-of-view, incoherent, survivable device with an ultranarrow optical bandwidth, namely, ~0.01A in the visible. These properties make it ideal for the detection of a weak laser signal against a continuum background. Applications include open channel laser communications, lidar, and laser radar. We have developed the first atomic filter that exactly matches three intense Fraunhofer lines, i.e., wavelengths at which the solar background is reduced to less than 10% of its continuum value. A high throughput and a fast response time are other important advantages of our filter.
LA LUTTE CONTRE LA FRAUDE EN ENTREPRISE

Le risque de fraude est present dans toutes les entreprises et constitue un risque majeur puisque toute entreprise peut etre victime d’une fraude. Cet article a pour objet d’etudier le phenomene de la fraude en entreprise et les differentes categories de fraude. Cet article permet de comprendre egalement les motivations des fraudeurs et de mettre en lumiere les signaux d’alerte les plus frequents chez les fraudeurs. Nous etudierons egalement les couts financiers engendres par la fraude, l’evaluation du risque de fraude et nous proposerons par la suite des mesures de prevention, de detection et de traitement de la fraude.
Group Dynamics as a Methodology for Democratizing Undergraduate Teacher Education in Physical Education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology of democratizing the undergraduate education of prospective teachers of physical education through the use of the principles of group dynamics with particular emphasis on curriculum planning and teaching methods. Many of our present practices in physical education are anti-democratic. A genuine understanding and intelligent application of group dynamics to the undergraduate students majoring in physical education is not only consistent with democratic principles but is vitally needed if physical education is to make its greatest contribution to a democratic society.
Catalytic Reductive Vinylidene Transfer Reactions

Methylenecyclopropanes are important synthetic intermediates that possess strain energies exceeding those of saturated cyclopropanes by >10 kcal/mol. This report describes a catalytic reductive methylenecyclopropanation reaction of simple olefins, utilizing 1,1-dichloroalkenes as vinylidene precursors. The reaction is promoted by a dinuclear Ni catalyst, which is proposed to access Ni2(vinylidenoid) intermediates via C—Cl oxidative addition.
Making Transaction Execution the Bottleneck

Traditional database systems rely upon a proven set of tools to guarantee ACID properties without compromising performance: a buffer manager to mediate the transfer of data between fast in-memory processing and slow disk-based persistent storage, latching and locking to coordinate concurrent access to data, and logging to enable the recovery, verification, and repair of committed data. These tools are built on code bases that are 10-30 years old and designed for hardware assumptions nearly the same age. Modern hardware technologies such as fast persistent memories and multicore break those assumptions, turning the traditional proven tools into the new bottlenecks. Our goal is to rethink the traditional tools so that they will not be bottlenecks. Here, we review some of the concurrency-related bottlenecks that face the modern transactional storage management system and survey state of the art techniques that allow these traditional tools to provide intended functionality without becoming bottlenecks.
Outcomes of Locking-Plate Fixation for Hindfoot Fusion Procedures in 15 Patients

Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a salvage procedure for various end-stage foot and ankle pathologic entities. Several factors are known to influence the union rate after these procedures, including construct rigidity. The data on locked plates as a fixation technique have been inconclusive, with variable union rates reported. One recent study suggested that locking plates can lead to high nonunion rates owing to excessive rigidity. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively examine the outcomes of locking plate fixation. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 15 patients (7 [46.7%] male, 8 [53.3%] female) who underwent tibiotalocalcaneal, tibiocalcaneal, or tibiotalar arthrodesis fixed with a locking plate from January 2013 to January 2014. The average age was 52.19 ± 5.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 17 ± 5.3 months. We examined the overall union rates and the effects of smoking, diabetes, and rheumatologic status on the union rate. Of the 15 cases, 11 (73.3%) did not achieve union. The mean time to failure was 10 ± 5.3 months. Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, use of augmentation screws outside the plate, and operating surgeon did not have an effect on the failure rate (p > .50). In addition, gender, smoking, and diabetes did not predict for nonunion. The high failure rate of rigid locking plate fixation reported might be attributable to the high incidence of smoking and diabetic comorbidities in our study. However, excessive construct rigidity might play an important role. Larger studies are needed to establish more reliable union rates with the use of locking plates in foot and ankle fusion.
Anesthesia Awareness: When the Mind Is Not Suppressed

In approximately 1–2 general anesthetics/1000, adequate hypnosis and amnesia are not achieved, leading to intraoperative awareness and subsequent explicit recall. “Anesthesia awareness,” as it is sometimes called, is one of the most feared complications of surgery by both patients and physicians alike. A significant proportion of these patients develops long-term psychological sequelae, including posttraumatic stress disorder. In this chapter I discuss the incidence, risk factors, prevention, and postoperative consequences of anesthesia awareness.
White matter changes in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on myelin and oligodendrocytes.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is conceptualized as a progressive consequence of two hallmark pathological changes in grey matter: extracellular amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, over the past several years, neuroimaging studies have implicated micro- and macrostructural abnormalities in white matter in the risk and progression of AD, suggesting that in addition to the neuronal pathology characteristic of the disease, white matter degeneration and demyelination may be also important pathophysiological features. Here we review the evidence for white matter abnormalities in AD with a focus on myelin and oligodendrocytes, the only source of myelination in the central nervous system, and discuss the relationship between white matter changes and the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. We review several mechanisms such as ischemia, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, iron overload, Aβ toxicity and tauopathy, which could affect oligodendrocytes. We conclude that white matter abnormalities, and in particular myelin and oligodendrocytes, could be mechanistically important in AD pathology and could be potential treatment targets.
Book Review: Miller’s Children: Why Giving Teenage Killers a Second Chance Matters for All of Us

In 2012, the Supreme Court decided in Miller v. Alabama that people who killed as teenagers could not be sentenced to mandatory life without parole. A tremor of hope ran through state prisons aroun...
Wada Testing and Neurosurgical Patients

Abstract Many individuals suffering from epilepsy do not fully benefit from medical management. Uncontrolled epilepsy is socially and psychologically disruptive and has a negative impact on quality of life. Surgery offers individuals with epilepsy an opportunity to dramatically reduce or even cure their seizures. However, epilepsy surgery is not without risk as it can negatively impact memory and other cognitive functions. The Wada test is one way of assessing this risk, and allows neurosurgeons, epileptologists, neuropsychologists the opportunity to predict the potential impact of traditional temporal lobectomy and other procedures on a patient’s cognitive functioning.
A Golden Rule for Politics

The division, bitterness, and anger in American politics are remarkable. Civility seems to have evaporated, and there is often little or no respect between those who argue. To address this confront...
Lidar (light detection and ranging) and benthic invertebrate investigations: Migrating tailings threaten Buffalo Reef in Lake Superior

Abstract The low turbidity of northern Great Lakes waters allows lidar sufficient penetration to greatly aid environmental studies of coastal environments. On the Keweenaw Peninsula of Lake Superior, Big Traverse Bay provides an excellent example of mine tailings spreading from an old coastal release site. Between 1901 and 1932, two stamp mills (Mohawk and Wolverine) discharged 22.7 million metric tonnes of tailings (stamp sands) off the town of Gay. Along beaches, migrating stamp sands have dammed stream outlets, encroached upon wetlands, and contaminated recreational beaches. The tailings are now threatening benthic environments and critical commercial fish breeding grounds. Buffalo Reef is important for commercial and recreational lake trout and lake whitefish production (32% of the commercial catch in Keweenaw Bay, 22% of southern Lake Superior). Aerial photographs and five lidar over-flights emphasize: 1) the enormous amounts of stamp sands moving along the shoreline, and 2) large amounts migrating underwater across the bay towards Buffalo Reef. Differences between 2008 and 2016 lidar over-flights are used to quantify underwater stamp sand movement. For years, tailings have accumulated in an ancient riverbed cut (“trough”) just north of Buffalo Reef. Stamp sand overflow out of the “trough” is now moving into Buffalo Reef cobble fields, where fish drop eggs. Ponar sediment studies quantify % stamp sand in sand mixtures around Buffalo Reef, copper concentrations, and quantify impacts on benthic invertebrate taxa. Our study emphasizes that when large amounts of mine tailings are discharged into coastal environments, temporal and spatial impacts are progressive, threatening benthic organisms and fish.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in HFrEF and Thrombocytopenia: Multi-Center Machine Learning Supported Analysis of Mortality and Costs among 6+ Million Hospitalizations

Introduction Distinguishing Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) from ischemic heart disease in patients presenting with acute on chronic heart failure is particularly challenging in patients with thrombocytopenia due to the need for coronary angiography. This is the first known nationally representative study on TTC predictors and its relation to mortality and total costs in HFrEF and thrombocytopenic patient admissions. Methods The 2016 data from the nation's top all-payer hospitalization dataset (the National Inpatient Sample) was used for backward propagation neural network machine learning augmenting multivariable regression fully adjusting for age, race, income, primary malignancy, metastases, and mortality risk among chronic thrombocytopenia (platelets Results Among 6,039,969 inpatient admissions, TTC compared to non-TTC patients were more likely to have HFrEF (8.27% versus 2.84%, p Conclusions This study provides the first large multi-center robust analysis suggesting HFrEF, thrombocytopenia, and sociodemographics as TTC predictors. It is possible patients with thrombocytopenia and HFrEF are more likely to be labeled as TTC rather than have invasive testing to rule out ischemic heart disease. The subset of patient admissions in which TTC patients also received PCI resulting in improved mortality and total costs suggests that ischemic heart disease rather than TTC was the culprit. In addition, the thrombocytopenic patients with acute on chronic heart failure that received PCI and were labeled as TTC also had decreased total costs. This study may help provide cardiologists clinically relevant predictors of TTC and its outcomes to risk stratify patients. In addition, it suggests that despite thrombocytopenia providers should not be quick to label patients with TTC but rather consider invasive workup with possible PCI that may decrease costs of inpatient admissions.