cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Riefenstahl on safari: Embodied contemplation in East Africa

: After the fall of the Nazi regime, Leni Riefenstahl carried out photographic work among various ethnic groups of East Africa. Some called her aesthetics “fascist.” Others refused to differentiate it from larger modernist and primitivist productions. In this paper, I explore her photography in terms of the underlying styles and postures of an embodied contemplation that perpetuate her images in East Africa even after her death.
DNA visual and analytic data mining

Describes data exploration techniques designed to classify DNA sequences. Several visualization and data mining techniques were used to validate and attempt to discover new methods for distinguishing coding DNA sequences (exons) from non-coding DNA sequences (introns). The goal of the data mining was to see whether some other, possibly non-linear combination of the fundamental position-dependent DNA nucleotide frequency values could be a better predictor than the AMI (average mutual information). We tried many different classification techniques including rule-based classifiers and neural networks. We also used visualization of both the original data and the results of the data mining to help verify patterns and to understand the distinction between the different types of data and classifications. In particular, the visualization helped us develop refinements to neural network classifiers, which have accuracies as high as any known method. Finally, we discuss the interactions between visualization and data mining and suggest an integrated approach.
Angiotensinogen Polymorphism M235T, Hypertension, and Nephropathy in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Abstract The allele 235T (a threonine in place of a methionine at position 235) of angiotensinogen has been found to be associated with a predisposition to essential hypertension. We investigated w...
Quantifying the production of dissolved organic nitrogen in headwater streams using 15N tracer additions

Most nitrogen (N) assimilation in lake and marine ecosystems is often subsequently released via autochthonous dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) production, but autochthonous DON production has yet to be quantified in flowing waters. We measured in-stream DON production following 24 h 15N-nitrate (NO { ) tracer additions in 36 headwater streams, a subset of sites from the second Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment. Streams were located in five North American ecoregions and drained basins dominated by native vegetation, agriculture, or urban land use. Using a two-compartment model, we could quantify DON production in 15 streams as a function of DO15N derived from 15N tracer in biomass compartments. The streams with detectable DON production had higher % modified land use (agriculture + urban) in their basins than did streams with undetectable DON production. Median DON production represented 8% of total NO { uptake when we used N biomass estimates based on N assimilated over 1 d (measured directly from the 15 N additions). Median DON production was 17% of total NO { uptake when we used N assimilated over 42 d (extrapolated from previous 15N tracer studies). Variation in DON production was positively correlated with ecosystem respiration, indicating that stream heterotrophy may influence DON production. In-stream DON production was similar in magnitude to stream denitrification and nitrification, indicating that the production of autochthonous DON can represent a substantial transformation of stream N. Our results confirm that headwater streams can quickly convert inorganic N into organic forms, although the ultimate fate of DON remains unclear.
On linear system reduction by impulse energy approximation

Linear system reduction by impulse response energy approximation is analyzed and limitations are discussed. To show that in general the claims made for the procedure are not true, a numerical example is included.
Granulomatous Myocarditis: Diagnosis by Endomyocardial Biopsy and Response to Corticosteroids in Two Patients

Granulomatous involvement of the myocardium is of uncertain etiology, rarely diagnosed premorbidly, and the response to therapy is unknown. We report two patients with granulomatous disease apparently isolated to the myocardium, one presenting with cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular tachycardia, one with heart block. In both cases, the clinical rhythm was substantiated by electrophysiologic studies and neither case had evidence of significant myocardial dysfunction. In both, treatment was instituted with orally administered prednisone. One patient died suddenly two months following onset of therapy. Limited autopsy demonstrated no evidence of granulomatous involvement of the myocardium. The other patient is alive without clinical arrhythmias on amiodarone therapy; however, inducible ventricular tachycardia persists. Repeat endomyocardial biopsy in this patient demonstrated no granulomatous disease. These cases are discussed and the literature reviewed.
Goodly beasts, beastly goods: cattle and commodities in a South African context

Among the 19th-century Tswana, we argue, cattle were like commodities; they linked processes of production and exchange, embodied an order of meanings and relations, and had the capacity to reproduce a total social world. They were, in sum, prime media for the creation and representation of value in a material economy of persons and a social economy of things. But they also had particular historical salience. As the Tswana were colonized, the encounter between periphery and center, local and global economies, was played out—materially and ideologically—in the contest between beasts and money, a contest which has given rise, also, to such token currencies as “cattle without legs.” The double character of cattle—as icons of a “traditional” order and as weapons in the struggle to assert control over modern life—has significant implications for our understanding of commodities in noncapitalist, non-European contexts, [cattle, commodities, money, colonialism, South Africa]
Semiotic phenomenology: A theory of human communication praxis

(1982). Semiotic phenomenology: A theory of human communication praxis. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 62-73.
A Logic for Semantic Interpretation

We propose that logic (enhanced to encode probability information) is a good way of characterizing semantic interpretation. In support of this we give a fragment of an axiomatization for word-sense disambiguation, nounphrase (and verb) reference, and case disambiguation. We describe an inference engine (Frail3) which actually takes this axiomatization and uses it to drive the semantic interpretation process. We claim three benefits from this scheme. First, the interface between semantic interpretation and pragmatics has always been problematic, since all of the above tasks in general require pragmatic inference. Now the interface is trival, since both semantic interpretation and pragmatics use the same vocabulary and inference engine. The second benefit, related to the first, is that semantic guidance of syntax is a side effect of the interpretation. The third benefit is the elegance of the semantic interpretation theory. A few simple rules capture a remarkable diversity of semantic phenomena.
The status of Lecanora zosterae in the British Isles

Abstract Lecanora zosterae (Ach.) Nyl. is a distinct species belonging to the Lecanora dispersa group. In the British Isles it is confined to the coast where it grows mostly on the exposed turf above sea cliffs. Some 76% of the population occurs on decayed thrift Armeria maritima . The related Lecanora umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal. is lectotypified; it is the correct name for Lecanora hagenii auct.
Antagonist and partial agonist actions of d-tubocurarine at mammalian muscle acetylcholine receptors

Currents were elicited by acetylcholine (ACh), by d-tubocurarine (dTC), and by mixtures of ACh and dTC, from stably transformed fibroblasts that express fetal or adult muscle nicotinic receptors. dTC acted as an antagonist of ACh for activation of adult-type receptors, whereas it acted as a weak partial agonist at fetal-type receptors. The channel-blocking action of dTC was not apparent at the concentrations used. The partial agonism could explain previous observations that dTC is less effective at blocking the responses of fetal-type receptors than adult-type receptors. Binding of dTC to receptors was independently assayed by measuring the reduction of the initial rate of binding of iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin. Binding of dTC to the two types of receptor was indistinguishable. The dose-effect relationship for the interaction of dTC and ACh at fetal receptors is consistent with the affinities of dTC measured in binding experiments.
Migrating a voice communications laboratory to a virtualized environment

Due to a recent surge of student interest in the field of Voice over IP (VoIP) communications, new and innovative methods were required to be employed in order to keep pace with the increasing enrollment in the Voice Communications course offered at the State University of New York Institute of Technology. The traditional Voice Communications laboratory setup was obsolete and created a bottleneck hindering the students' capability to learn due to increasing class sizes. Under the previous setting, students were required to work in large groups on two shared servers in order to gain hands-on experience. This inevitably caused students to receive unequal portions of hands-on time with the allocated resources. To remedy the aforementioned issues, a centralized virtualization approach was proposed and implemented.
Does vasospasm occur in small pial arteries and arterioles of rabbits

Vasospasm is a serious complication associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Successful management of vasospasm will ultimately depend on a clear understanding of the scope of this phenomenon, including whether arterial elements of different calibers are equally affected. We therefore examined the responses to subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbit basilar arteries, small pial arteries, and arterioles. We compared the brain stem pial arteries of 10 perfusion-fixed male New Zealand White rabbits after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage to those of five control rabbits using morphological analysis of cross-sections of plastic-embedded vessels. After subarachnoid hemorrhage, the internal elastic lamina was highly corrugated in all basilar arteries (mean diameter 319 +/- 51 microns). These arteries were severely constricted in comparison with the control group, in which the mean diameter was 691 +/- 17 microns, and corrugation of the internal elastic lamina was not present. In contrast, small pial arteries and arterioles very rarely demonstrated a vasoconstrictive configuration after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The contractility of the smaller vessels was confirmed by injecting 2 mg/kg BaCl2 intracisternally. Following BaCl2 injection, corrugation of the internal elastic lamina was detected in the small arteries and arterioles as well as the basilar arteries. We conclude that experimental chronic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits tends to occur in large conducting arteries rather than in smaller pial arteries and arterioles.
Soil C and N cycling in three semiarid vegetation types: Response to an in situ pulse of plant detritus

Abstract Plant detritus is an important source of labile C that drives soil microbial growth and regulates the balance of N mineralization and immobilization. In semiarid ecosystems, timing of plant detrital inputs may be especially important in regulating microbial C and N cycling because of the relatively short window of time when moisture is available. Low soil moisture in early-summer may inhibit microbial colonization of recently released detritus, resulting in C-limitations to microbial growth, and this may explain the NO 3 − accumulation commonly observed in semiarid, arid, and Mediterranean ecosystems. We examined linkages between soil C availability and gross N cycling rates during summer in three common semiarid vegetation types: sagebrush, crested wheatgrass, and cheatgrass. To determine whether dry soils inhibit microbial colonization of plant detrital inputs, we stimulated soil C availability in situ by killing plant biomass shortly before the summer dry-season with herbicide (detrital-pulse treatment). Soil C and gross N cycling rates were determined during field incubations of intact soil cores from untreated soils on three occasions from late-spring to late summer, and from detrital-pulse treated soils on two occasions in summer. We hypothesized that greater C availability, resulting in increased microbial biomass and C mineralization rates, would translate to greater N immobilization rates, and this would inhibit the accumulation of inorganic N during summer months. There were few differences in soil C and N cycling among vegetation types. In all vegetation types, the in situ detrital-pulse stimulated soil C mineralization and gross N cycling rates compared to untreated soils; however, this treatment did not inhibit the summertime accumulation of NO 3 − . Instead, elevated N cycling rates and large labile N pools in detrital-pulse soils persisted throughout the summer. Our results combined with a model of microbial C–N dynamics indicate that microbes in detrital-pulse soils were utilizing substrates with C:N ratios 27% lower than in untreated soils ( p 15 N in different soil density fractions showed that the detrital-pulse treatment stimulated microbial N immobilization in both C-rich and N-rich soil microsites. Greater N immobilization associated with light fraction organic matter is consistent with greater microbial growth due to earlier input of plant detritus. Interestingly, heavy fraction organic matter was also an important sink for immobilized N and was strongly stimulated by the detrital-pulse treatment, indicating that this fraction is not as recalcitrant as formerly thought.
Hardy, Weinberg and Language Impediments

THE Hardy-Weinberg law is the cornerstone of diploid population genetics. Yet it seems trivially obvious, a routine application of the binomial theorem. And indeed it was so regarded by Hardy when he wrote his famous paper, a masterpiece of clarity: > To the Editor of Science: I am reluctant to
First fossil record of nematode parasitism of ants; a 40 million year tale.

A mermithid nematode emerging from a male ant, Prenolepis henschei Mayr, in Baltic amber is the first fossil record demonstrating nematode parasitism of ants. This parasite, described as Heydenius formicinus sp. n., is compared to extant mermithid parasites of ants, especially Allomermis myrmecophila Baylis 1921. The present fossil, together with earlier reports of braconid and mite parasitism of ants in Baltic amber, indicates that several diverse groups had already evolved parasitic associations with ants by the Eocene.
A 15 to 18-GHz Programmable Sub-Integer Frequency Synthesizer for a 60-GHz Transceiver

A 15 to 18-GHz frequency synthesizer is implemented in 0.13-mum SiGe BiCMOS technology as part of a 60-GHz transceiver chipset. It provides for RF channels of 56.5-64 GHz in 500-MHz steps, and features a phase-rotating multi-modulus divider capable of sub-integer division. Output frequency range from the synthesizer is 15.3 to 18 GHz. The measured RMS phase noise of the synthesizer is 0.9deg (1 MHz to 1 GHz integration), while phase noise at 100-kHz and 10-MHz offsets are -90 and -124 dBc/Hz, respectively. Reference spurs are -69 dBc; sub-integer spurs are -65 dBc; and power consumption is 145 mW.
12. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Surgical Approach

Background Biventricular (BiV) pacing is a proven advantageous adjuvant therapy for patients with ventricular dyssynchrony associated with congestive heart failure. Endocardial left ventricular lead placement does have several limitations: 1) anatomic variations of the coronary venous system, 2) late lead dislodgement, and 3) phrenic/diaphragmatic stimulation. Epicardial lead placement is often a ‘rescue’ procedure after failed coronary sinus implantation but offers some advantages related to safety and a shorter implant time. The aim the study is to describe two different minimally invasive surgical techniques for LV epicardial lead placement for resynchronization therapy of patients with chronic heart failure. Methods Between December 2002 and December 2004, 88 patients (pts) underwent minimally invasive left ventricular lead placement, Videoendoscopic assisted surgery was performed in patients 31, and Minithoracotomy in 57. Fifty pts. (56.8%) were males, mean age was 67 ±8.3 years (35-83), 44 (54.5%) had previous cardiac surgery, 58 (66%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy, 20 (22.7%) NYHA III-IV, 31 (35%) had more than 3+ mitral regurgitation and 46 (52.3%) had implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Results There were no deaths. The mean hospital length of stay was 4.5 ± 3.2 days. Postoperative complications included non-dialysis renal failure in 4 pts. (4.5%), atrial fibrillation in 10 (11.3%), non sustained ventricular tachycardia in 3 (3.4%) and decompensate heart failure in 2 (6.2%). Significant improvements were observed in postoperative parameters in comparison to the preoperative period (Table). Conclusions Minimally invasive LV epicardial lead placement are effective and safety techniques, with minimal morbidity, and can be helpful in the treatment of this complex disease. Prospective randomized studies between epicardial and endocardial lead placements should further define the role of these different techniques in the resynchronization therapy for heart failure. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Recently described and recently re-evaluated soft tissue tumours

Abstract Several soft tissue lesions have been recently highlighted in the medical literature. Some are recently recognized, hence often underdiagnosed because of limited knowledge whereas others have been recognized for sometime but can be viewed afresh in light of emerging molecular data. The aim of this review is to be more familiar with these entities and pathologists should consider these differential diagnosis. We discuss anastomosing haemangioma, soft tissue myoepithelial lesions, and the evolving story of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma and other lesions that may or may not be related, namely pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumour and haemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic inflammatory lesion.
Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast: a comprehensive analysis.

Abstract Background Breast spindle cell malignancies are rare. No standard treatment exists. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients with breast spindle cell malignancies, 1992 to 2011. Descriptive statistical analysis and survival analysis were performed. Results A total of 286 patients were identified (98.6% female). Approximately, 15% had estrogen receptor–positive tumors and 12.5% had progesterone receptor–positive tumors. Nearly 38% underwent partial mastectomy, whereas 55.5% underwent mastectomy. The frequency of partial mastectomy has increased in more recent years. One-third received radiation. Lymph node metastases were infrequent (9.3%) and distant metastases were uncommon (6.1%). Ten-year survival rates for patients with early-stage (I and II) disease were 83.9% after partial mastectomy, 86.7% after partial mastectomy plus radiation, and 71.6% after complete mastectomy. Three-year survival rates for patients with late-stage (III and IV) disease were low with 40.0% after complete mastectomy and 0% after complete mastectomy plus radiation. Conclusions This nationally representative analysis demonstrates that early-stage spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is adequately treated by partial mastectomy. Radiation may be considered for small, potentially early survival benefit. For late stage disease, complete mastectomy is appropriate; however, survival is poor, and radiation contributes no significant additional benefit.
The abundance and distribution of chlorine in iron meteorites

Abstract The abundance and distribution of chlorine in thirteen iron meteorites has been studied by neutron activation analysis and metallographic examination. It is found that terrestrial processes have affected the Cl in some finds and that weathering can lead to severe contamination effects, raising the Cl content over certain localized regions by many orders of magnitude. The contamination process appears to act in conjunction with the penetration of ground water into the interior. The pathways utilized are cleavages, grain boundaries, Neumann lines, and even direct passage through the matrix. Measurements of primordial (non-terrestrial) Cl in the meteorites show that it is inhomogeneously distributed in the metal phase, being strongly depleted in kamacite and accumulating near grain boundaries, around inclusions, and in chloride minerals. It is difficult to calculate an average value for the primordial Cl content of irons on the basis of the data obtained, but indications are that a representative value is much lower than previous data which were not sufficiently cognizant of contamination effects.
Stratified reference: the common core of distributivity, aspect, and measurement

Why can I tell you that I ran for five minutes but not that I *ran to the store for five minutes? Why can we talk about five pounds of books but not about *five pounds of book? What keeps you from saying *sixty degrees Celsius of water when you can say sixty inches of water? And what goes wrong when I complain that *all the ants in my kitchen are numerous? The constraints on these construc- tions involve concepts that are generally studied separately: aspect, plural and mass reference, measurement, distributivity, and collectivity. This paper pro- vides a unified perspective on these domains and gives a single answer to the questions above in the framework of algebraic event semantics. This paper presents a theory that builds connections between three domains which are often addressed separately: aspect, measurement, and distributivity. I aim to provide a synthesis of several previous and novel ideas in the unifying framework of algebraic event semantics. I suggest that a number of phenomena in these domains can be connected in this framework through a novel higher- order property, stratified reference. This property is both general enough to connect and subsume familiar notions, and formally precise enough to transfer theoretical insights across the literature. This paper extends and builds on algebraic semantic work on the close parallels between the nominal and verbal domains, such as Link (1983), Bach (1986) and Krifka (1998). Stratified reference pulls together several semantic oppositions closely associated with the domains under consideration. These are the singular-plural and count-mass oppositions in the nominal domain; the intensive-extensive opposition in the domain of measurement; and in the verbal domain, the telic-atelic opposition, the collective-distributive opposition,
Issues and Commentary on Mechanical Reliability Theories, Methods and Models

The status quo of reliability theory, viewpoints on reliability analysis and modeling, reliability evaluation methods and models, failure rate and life distribution are briefly reviewed. Commentaries are focused on the shape of failure rate curves and the related mechanisms to yield different shapes, the form of life distribution and influencing factors, the consistency of life distribution form and failure rate shape, the relationship between system reliability and component reliabilities, the mathematical meaning of stress-strength interference model and engineering background of application, the definitions on "importance" and "load severity" in reliability allocation technique.
Abstract 2973: Poly(ADP)ribose inhibition forces the repair of topoisomerase I cleavage complexes through homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining

Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a promising class of novel anticancer agents. In the present study, we explored the strategy of combining the classical topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) and the novel PARP inhibitor ABT-888 in human cancer cells. ABT-888 potentiated cell killing by CPT. By colony forming assay, the survival ratio of CPT-treated colon cancer HT-29 cells was 52%, while the survival fraction were decreased to 35% when HT-29 cells were co-treated with CPT and ABT-888. By measuring γH2AX, a DNA double-strand break marker, we found that ABT-888 enhanced the γH2AX level induced by CPT. The enhanced γH2AX response in the presence of ABT-888 affected both replication-related γH2AX but also transcription-related γH2AX. In osteosarcoma U2OS cells, ABT-888 also enhanced γH2AX in both EdU (5-ethynyl-2′- deoxyuridine) positive and negative cells. Even in non-replicating human primary lymphocytes, ABT-888 enhanced CPT-induced γH2AX foci (1.3 ± 1.2 vs. 5.1 ± 3.1 γH2AX foci/per cell in the absence and presence of co-treatment with ABT-888, respectively). Proteasome inhibition with MG-132 blocked the γH2AX induction by CPT, and PARP inhibition could not overcome the block, which demonstrates that PARP acts downstream from the proteasome. Neutral Comet assays showed that the enhanced γH2AX response was related to DNA breaks. Alkaline elution assays revealed that ABT-888 increased CPT-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) but without a corresponding increase in DNA protein crosslinks indicating that ABT-888 was inducing DNA breaks in addition to the Top1-DNA cleavage complexes trapped by CPT. These additional DNA breaks were dependent on XPF/ERCC1 endonuclease. Furthermore, after removing CPT, reversal of γH2AX in the absence or presence of ABT-888 showed the same reversal rate, although there was more γH2AX in the presence of ABT-888, suggesting that PARP inhibition did not affect the repair of double-strand breaks. Moreover, PARP inhibition enhanced DNA-PK and ATM activation with increased formation of Rad51 foci. Therefore, we propose that PARP inhibition forces the cells to activate alternative endonucleolytic and recombination pathways in response to Top1-mediated DNA damage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2973.
Nano Pinstripes: TiO2 Nanostripe Formation by Nanoparticle-Mediated Pinning of Step Edges

The present scanning tunneling microscopy study describes the high-temperature growth of TiO2 nanostripes with tunable width, orientation, and spacing, mediated by thermally stable micellar Pt and Au NPs deposited on TiO2(110). This phenomenon could not be explained by spillover effects but is based on the preferential stabilization of [110] step edges on TiO2(110) by the metal NPs. Contrary to the behavior of physical-vapor-deposited NPs, which are known to move toward step edges upon annealing, our micellar NPs remain immobile up to 1000 °C. Instead, the mobility of TiO2 step edges toward the micellar NPs, where they become stabilized, is observed. Our findings are relevant to the technological application of nanostructured materials in the fields of catalysis, molecular electronics, and plasmonics.
THU0352 Trochanteric bursitis: Is there ultrasonographic evidence to suggest inflammation?

Background Trochanteric bursitis (Tb) is one of the most common soft tissue abnormalities in the hip region. Tb is common; affecting 10-25% of the population. Power Doppler (PD) ultrasonography (US) is a sensitive method for demonstrating the presence of blood flow in small vessels. PD US enables visualization of synovial hyperemia. High frequency and PD US in combination are sensitive and reproducible tools for determining joint effusions and synovitis. The term Tb may be a misnomer given that three of the cardinal symptoms of inflammation: warmth, erythema and swelling are rarely seen in these patients. Could use of US help us better understand Tb? Objectives To identify how commonly US and PD US changes suggestive of Trochanteric bursa inflammation are seen in patients with the clinical syndrome of Tb. Methods This study was a retrospective chart and US image review of patients seen in the Rheumatology clinic between 12/1/2006 and 2/1/2010 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of trochanteric bursitis (diagnosis codes CPT 76942 and/or 20610). Trochanteric bursa US images were reviewed for signs of inflammation (bursa swelling and capsule thickening), as well as PD US signals. Recorded were patients’ past medical history and medications at the time of diagnosis and the response to intrabursal corticosteroid injections given by a Rheumatologist (AB,NS). Results 287 patient charts with CPT 76942 and 20610 were reviewed. Seventy five patients were found to have a diagnosis of Tb. Of these 75 patients; 52 underwent trochanteric bursa injections and had US images. 13 patients had bilateral trochanteric bursa images; 4 patients had the same bursa examined more than once. Total number of US images n=67, total number of PD US n=51. The average age of the patients was 49 (range:24-76) years. 50 (99%) patients were female; only two (1%) patients were male. Most patients had underlying osteoarthritis (OA) n=23 (44%) and Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) n=26 (50%). Five (9.6%) patients with Tb had Sjogren’s Syndome. 31 (60%) patients diagnosed with Tb were on NSAIDs at the time of the diagnosis and 12 (23%) on a neuropathic pain medication. The Rt trochanteric bursa was most commonly involved (n=44 (66%)). All (n=51 (100%)) of PD US were Grade 0 (normal: no evidence of inflammation). Only 2 of 67 ( Conclusions This is the first study to date examining the use of US and PD US as a means to review inflammation in patients with Tb. We found that patients with clinical Tb do not have US evidence to support a diagnosis of bursal inflammation. We suspect the right trochanteric bursa was commonly involved since this was the dominant side in most patients. The involvement of mostly females is not surprising since females suffer more commonly from soft tissue rheumatism than men. Since we did not find signs of inflammation in the trochanteric bursa, we suggest that the most appropriate term to be used for what was previously known as trochanteric bursitis is Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Development of sexual and aggressive behaviors in Hereford bulls.

The purpose of this study was to describe maturation-related changes in the sexual and aggressive behaviors of Hereford bulls. Two groups of 13 and 14 bulls, respectively, were tested for sexual and aggressive behaviors every 3 mo from 3 to 24 mo of age. At 3 and 6 mo of age, the bulls were exposed, as groups, to two estrous females, whereas at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 mo these bulls were tested under each of the following several treatment conditions: 1) individual tests (single males were exposed to single females), 2) small-group tests (three or four bulls:three females), 3) large-group tests (13 or 14 bulls:3 females), and 4) male-only tests (13 or 14 bulls were placed in the test arena in the absence of females). Most bulls consistently mounted females by 9 mo of age. Twenty-one of the 27 bulls (78%) attained their first ejaculation at either 12 or 15 mo of age. The frequency of mounting without ejaculation was greatest in large-group tests at 12 mo of age, and ejaculation frequency peaked at 18 mo. The incidence of male-male mounting in large-group tests (with females) did not appreciably change from 3 to 24 mo, whereas male-male mounting in male-only tests was greatest at 9 and 24 mo. We conclude that sexual performance data obtained in serving capacity tests administered to yearling bulls before 18 mo of age may underestimate the mating potential of certain individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Language: en
Effectiveness of zinc acetate injection in alleviating postweaning performance lag in pigs.

Four trials were conducted using crossbred pigs (n = 308) to determine the effects of Zn acetate injection near weaning on serum Zn concentrations and performance. In Trial 1, 78 pigs (BW of 5.1 kg and age of 18 d) were injected i.m. 3 d before weaning with either 3 mg of Zn from Zn acetate (in saline) per kilogram of BW or saline. Serum Zn concentrations were higher (P < .05) for Zn-injected pigs at 1 wk postweaning than for controls. In Trial 2, 96 pigs (BW of 7.2 kg and age of 26 d) were used to compare time of i.p. injection of Zn (weaning or 12 h postweaning) and amount of Zn injected (0, 3, or 4 mg of Zn/kg of BW). Serum Zn concentrations were higher (P < .01) in Zn-injected pigs 1 d after injections and remained higher than those in controls until after wk 2. In Trial 3 (n = 30, BW of 6.9 kg and 24 d of age), pigs that were injected with 3 mg of Zn/kg BW i.p. 3 d postweaning had lower (P < .05) ADG and ADFI and lower (P < .01) gain/feed from d 4 to d 7 postweaning than controls. Zinc-injected pigs had higher (P < .05) serum Zn concentrations at d 7. In Trial 4, 104 pigs (BW of 6.4 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) regrouped 3 d before weaning or not regrouped, 2) Zn injections (3 mg i.p.) or placebo, and 3) time of injection, 2 d before or 1 d after weaning. All pigs were weaned at 23 d of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Leveled) Fully Homomorphic Signatures from Lattices.

In a homomorphic signature scheme, given a vector of signatures ~σ corresponding to a dataset of messages ~ μ, there is a public algorithm that allows to derive a signature σ′ for message μ′ = f(~ μ) for any function f . Given the tuple (σ′, μ′, f) anyone can publicly verify the result of the computation of function f . Along with the standard notion of unforgeability for signatures, the security of homomorphic signatures guarantees that no adversary is able to make a forgery σ∗ for μ∗ 6= f(~ μ). We construct the first homomorphic signature scheme for evaluating arbitrary functions. In our scheme, the public parameters and the size of the resulting signature grows polynomially with the depth of the circuit representation of f . Our scheme is secure in the standard model assuming hardness of finding Small Integer Solutions in hard lattices. Furthermore, our construction has asymptotically fast verification which immediately leads to a new solution for verifiable outsourcing with pre-processing phase. Previous state of the art constructions were limited to evaluating polynomials of constant degree, secure in random oracle model without asymptotically fast verification. ∗Email: sergeyg@mit.edu. Supported by Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship (NSERC-CGSD3). †Email: vinodv@mit.edu.
Race, drugs, and heart failure.

On June 23, 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved BiDil? (NitroMed Inc.) for the treatment of heart failure in self-identified black patients, the first such approval.
Preparing Science Teachers for English Learners: A Targeted and Integrated Approach to Pre-service Teacher Education

Loyola University Chicago’s Teaching, Learning and Leading with Schools and Communities (TLLSC) pre-service, field-based teacher preparation program utilizes an apprenticeship model to prepare all candidates for working in schools and communities with culturally and linguistically diverse students. A unique and critical facet of the program is faculty with expertise in bilingual education and English learners collaborating with science education faculty to ensure candidates’ eligibility for the state’s English as Second Language (ESL) endorsement. In this chapter, the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the TLLSC program are outlined. Then, to illustrate the targeted and integrated nature of preparing science teachers for English learners (ELs), descriptive vignettes detail learning experiences and assessments, as well as provide evidence of outcomes from elementary and secondary science teacher candidates. Reflections on the challenges and opportunities of utilizing a field-based program for preparing teachers for work with ELs in science classrooms are addressed. Finally, implications for science teacher educators working in partnership with EL language and literacy experts are offered.
Interview with Dr. Ken Haycock as Conducted by Dr. Robert P. Holley

ABSTRACTDr. Ken Haycock directs the recently created Master of Management in Library and Information Science (MMLIS) program in the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California. As the only LIS program located in a major business school, the MMLIS is focused on integrating business skills with traditional library and information science to graduate students who are prepared for leadership roles in the profession. The MMLIS program requires students to have prior work experience. Students work in teams to solve real world problems and also choose an independent project. Of particular interest is a proposed special track for experienced library and information science managers to acquire the MLIS.
Witches, Charlatans, and Old Wives: Critical Perspectives on History of Women’s Indigenous Knowledge

Although women have been central to cultural healing practices historically, their participation in the production of indigenous knowledge remains marginal. This contribution traces the history of ...
Microbiological identification and analysis of waterfowl livers collected from backyard farms in southern China

In total, 985 livers were collected from 275 backyard waterfowl farms distributed in seven provinces of southern China. The virus that was most commonly isolated was avian influenza virus, with a 12.1% positivity rate. Of the other positive samples, 10.6% tested positive for avian Tembusu virus, 6.8% for duck hepatitis A virus, 3.8% for duck plague virus, 3.4% for Muscovy duck parvovirus, 3.1% for goose parvovirus, 1.0% for mycoplasma and 0.9% for respiratory enteric orphan virus. The bacterium that was most commonly isolated was Escherichia coli, with a 47.1% positivity rate. This survey suggests that backyard waterfowl in southern China could be an important vector for the storage, variation, and transmission of various pathogens.
The Madness of Cambyses: Herodotus and the Problem of Inquiry

In his evaluation of the mad despot Cambyses, Herodotus proclaims that preference for one’s own culture persists after examination. This paper examines how Herodotus’ treatment of Cambyses reveals the insidious ways that thought is bounded by cultural attachments. Blindness to one’s attachments spurs the drive to empire by covering and justifying expansionist appetites. Herodotus’ treatment of Cambyses’ imperialist inquiries will thus not only implicate the Persians, but raise unsettling questions about the Hellenes’ own appetites. Herodotus offers his own methods of inquiry as an alternative. Rather than denying appetite and rendering it subterranean, Herodotus suggests that inquiry must be motivated by the quest for self-knowledge – understanding the diversity of the world helps reveal the fuller contours of human nature. Herodotus’ storytelling engages affect by provoking the intellectual curiosity of his audience. It promises that expansionist appetites can be rehabilitated into genuine curiosity and openness to difference.
Good black soldiers: race, masculinity, and US military recruiting in the 1970s

Following the implementation of the all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973, the US military was forced to reach beyond the ideal figure of the white male soldier in order to meet personnel needs. Result...
Comparison of heart dose in early-stage left-sided breast cancers treated with intraoperative radiation therapy or whole-breast irradiation with deep inspiratory breath hold.

Abstract PURPOSE To compare heart dose between patients treated with lumpectomy and either intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) with CT-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (precision breast IORT [PB-IORT]) or whole-breast irradiation with deep inspiratory breath hold (WBI-DIBH) for early-stage left-sided breast cancers. METHODS AND MATERIALS We retrospectively identified the 17 patients with left-sided breast cancers treated with PB-IORT on a phase I clinical trial and 17 patients with left-sided tumors who had undergone lumpectomy and adjuvant WBI-DIBH. Dosimetric data were obtained. T-testing was performed and biologically effective doses (BEDs) were calculated using an α/β ratio of 2 Gy. Results Mean heart dose was significantly lower with WBI-DIBH compared with PB-IORT (0.61 vs. 0.87 Gy, p = 0.006). Mean heart BED was lower with WBI-DIBH (0.62 vs. 1.3 Gy2, p = 0.0001). Nominal maximum heart dose was higher with WBI-DIBH (11.37 vs. 4.81 Gy, p = 0.004). Maximum heart dose BED was similar between WBI-DIBH and IORT, 16.63 vs. 19.36 Gy (p = 0.64), respectively. No difference was found in mean left anterior descending artery dose: 2.18 Gy with WBI-DIBH and 1.89 Gy with IORT (p = 0.446). The maximum left anterior descending doses were 9.63 Gy and 3.62 Gy with WBI-DIBH and IORT, respectively (p = 0.016). Distance from the heart to the lumpectomy cavity was inversely associated with heart dose for PB-IORT, but not for WBI-IORT. CONCLUSIONS Heart doses were low in both groups. Expected increase in cardiac risk at these doses is minimal. It is unlikely that there will be a clinically significant difference in cardiac toxicity in patients treated with WBI-DIBH or PB-IORT. Further research is needed to evaluate the actual clinical impact of the observed cardiac doses delivered with these modalities.
Cultivating Relationships to Facilitate Perceived Mattering and Advocacy in Physical Education: Column Editor: K. Andrew R. Richards

It is sometimes necessary for physical educators to advocate for themselves and develop support for their subject within the school environment. This article introduces perceived mattering and disc...
Atomic measurements of high-intensity VHF-band radio-frequency fields with a Rydberg vapor-cell detector

We investigate and employ optical Rydberg resonances in an atomic vapor cell for measurements of high-intensity VHF-band radio frequency (rf) electric fields. An atomic vapor cell with integrated electrodes is used to generate high-intensity 50--500 MHz rf electric fields reaching $\ensuremath{\sim}5$ kV/m in a submillimeter gap. The fields are measured using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency as an optical readout of field-sensitive $30{D}_{J}$ and $35{D}_{J}$ Rydberg states of atoms within the gap. The rf electric field is determined by matching observed spectroscopic markers, including ac level shifts, even-harmonic rf sidebands, and rf-induced avoided crossings in the Rydberg manifold to calculated spectra derived from a nonperturbative Floquet theory. In our measurements, rf field frequencies and electric-field amplitudes are determined to an accuracy of $1.0%$ and $1.5%$, respectively. In the atom-field interaction, we observe a transition from a quantum regime, characterized by discrete even-harmonic Floquet states separated by an even multiple of the rf field frequency, into a semiclassical regime at very strong fields, in which the spectrum exhibits unresolved resonances whose strengths are smoothly modulated at a frequency of approximately five times the rf frequency. The underlying physics is explored.
Effects of chronic exposure to a mixed field of neutrons and photons on behavioral and cognitive performance in mice.

Abstract To simulate the space radiation environment astronauts are exposed to, most studies involve acute exposures but during a space mission there will be chronic (long-lasting) exposures. To address this knowledge gap, a neutron irradiator using a 252Cf (252Californium) source was used to generate a mixed field of neutrons and photons to simulate chronic, low dose rate exposures to high LET radiation. In the present study, we assessed the effects chronic neutron exposure starting at 60 days of age on behavioral and cognitive performance of BALB/c female and C3H male mice at 600 and 700 days of age as part of an opportunistic study that took advantage of the availability of neutron and sham-irradiated mice from a radiation carcinogenesis experiment. There were profound dose- and time point-dependent effects of chronic neutron exposure. At the 600-day time point, irradiated BALB/c female mice showed improved nest building at all three doses. At the 700-day, but not 600-day, time point slightly but significantly increased body weights were seen in C3H male mice exposed to 0.118 Gy. At the 600-day time point BALB/c female mice irradiated with 0.2 Gy did, like sham-irradiated, not show preferential exploration of the novel object that was seen in mice irradiated with 0.118 or 0.4 Gy. In C3H male mice exposed to 0.4 Gy and at the 600-day time point, increased measures of anxiety were observed on days 1 and 2 in the open field. Thus, different outcome measures show distinct dose-response relationships, with some anticipated to worsen performance during space missions, like increased measures of anxiety, while other anticipated to enhance performance, such as increased nest building and object recognition.
Mathematical modelling of mass transfer of paramagnetic ions through an inert membrane by the transient magnetic concentration gradient force

The objective of this work is to suggest a mathematical model for mass-transfer of a paramagnetic electrolyte, nickel(ii)chloride solution, through an inert, thin membrane from one chamber to another under the influence of magnetic fields which are applied perpendicular to the membrane. The model is based on the magnetic concentration gradient force, the Fick’s law of diffusion, and the Hagen-Poiseuille law for paramagnetic ion transport in the membrane. The magnetic concentration gradient force is found to be elusive and points in the direction of the magnetic field, in our case, the direction of the Fick diffusion flux. The reason is the gradient of the magnetic volume susceptibility for the electrolyte in the membrane, which decreases in the direction of the magnetic field. This is in accordance with the variable-reluctance principle. Mass balances for transport of Ni ions in distilled water through the membrane are derived and governed by a partial differential equation in one-dimensional space and time with specified initial and boundary conditions. The associated flux is superimposed on the pure Fick diffusion flux. The total flux is described by a nonlinear partial differential equation, which has not previously been used to describe transfer phenomena in paramagnetic solutions in magnetic fields. The simulated results were compared with experimental results and coincide approximately in all points for unstirred solutions. In stirred solutions, where the mass transfer coefficient at the membrane inlet approaches infinity if the mixing is ideal, no experimental or simulated effect was observed of the magnetic field.The objective of this work is to suggest a mathematical model for mass-transfer of a paramagnetic electrolyte, nickel(ii)chloride solution, through an inert, thin membrane from one chamber to another under the influence of magnetic fields which are applied perpendicular to the membrane. The model is based on the magnetic concentration gradient force, the Fick’s law of diffusion, and the Hagen-Poiseuille law for paramagnetic ion transport in the membrane. The magnetic concentration gradient force is found to be elusive and points in the direction of the magnetic field, in our case, the direction of the Fick diffusion flux. The reason is the gradient of the magnetic volume susceptibility for the electrolyte in the membrane, which decreases in the direction of the magnetic field. This is in accordance with the variable-reluctance principle. Mass balances for transport of Ni ions in distilled water through the membrane are derived and governed by a partial differential equation in one-dimensional space and ti...