cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomaly detection in streaming environmental sensor data: A data-driven modeling approach

The deployment of environmental sensors has generated an interest in real-time applications of the data they collect. This research develops a real-time anomaly detection method for environmental data streams that can be used to identify data that deviate from historical patterns. The method is based on an autoregressive data-driven model of the data stream and its corresponding prediction interval. It performs fast, incremental evaluation of data as it becomes available, scales to large quantities of data, and requires no pre-classification of anomalies. Furthermore, this method can be easily deployed on a large heterogeneous sensor network. Sixteen instantiations of this method are compared based on their ability to identify measurement errors in a windspeed data stream from Corpus Christi, Texas. The results indicate that a multilayer perceptron model of the data stream, coupled with replacement of anomalous data points, performs well at identifying erroneous data in this data stream.
Reduction of Test Anxiety VIA Autogenic Therapy

To evaluate the role of active and passive instructions to Ss given abbreviated training with Schultz and Luthe's six exercises, 18 Ss completed the test anxiety questionnaire and the Wonderlic Personnel Test. Analyses of repeated (two) measures showed treatment decreased test anxiety scores somewhat more for active Ss; 78% of Ss reported high relaxation was achieved and improved performance.
A comparison of hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic reliability of hysteroscopy (HSC) and hysterosalpingography (HSG) in patients suffering from primary and secondary infertility. Method: Seventy women (50 with primary and 20 with secondary infertility) undergoing HSC and HSG were prospectively studied and the diagnostic capacity of the two techniques was compared. Results: HSG proved to have a sensitivity of 79.1% and a specificity of 81.8%, with an 18.1% false-positive rate and a 18.9% false-negative rate. Conclusion: HSG is of exclusive importance in the assessment of tubal morphology and function and has a secondary and complementary role to HSC in the inspection of the uterine cavity and tubal ostia.
Effects of cortisone on parietal cells and acid secretion in dogs

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of 200 mg. of cortisone daily for three weeks upon gastric secretion and parietal cell mass were measured in 6 dogs with Heidenhain pouches, 3 with Pavlov pouches, and 3 with Heidenhain pouches plus antrectomy. 2. 2. The 24-hour secretory volume, free HCl, and total acid were all significantly increased during cortisone treatment in dogs with both innervated and denervated pouches. 3. 3. The antrectomized dogs showed a small but statistically insignificant increment in acid secretion on cortisone treatment. 4. 4. The maximum secretory response to histamine showed a twofold increase during cortisone administration in the 4 dogs so studied. 5. 5. The mean parietal cell population was significantly decreased—13% in dogs with Heidenhain pouches and 17% in dogs with Pavlov pouches. Since an increased secretion of histamine is usually associated with an increase in parietal cell mass, the rise in gastric acid secretion was attributed to an increased parietal cell sensitivity to normal stimuli in cortisone-treated dogs.
Stimulated Release of Immunoreactive Adrenocorticotropin and β-Endorphin from Extrahypothalamic Brain

Although it has been suggested pro-opiomelancortin (POMC)-related peptides widely distributed throughout brain may be neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, little is known about their secretion from neurons because it is difficult to study neurosecretion in vivo. Previous work has shown that POMC-related peptides in hypothalamus may be released in response to potassium-induced depolarization. However, little attention has been directed toward studying secretion of POMC-related peptides in extrahypothalamic brain. To demonstrate the possibility that POMC peptides in extrahypothalamic brain may also be neuroregulators and can be released in response to a specific stimulus, the release of derivatives of POMC, immunoreactive (IR) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and IR-β-endorphin, from dissociated amygdala and cortical brain cells was studied in response to potassium-induced depolarization. Depolarizing concentrations of potassium in the presence of calcium stimulated significant increments in release of IR-ACTH/IR-β-endorphin by amygdala (111/105%) and cortical (162/136%) cells. Stimulated release occurred following an experimental paradigm used to stimulate release of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and suggested POMC-related peptides could be neuroregulators in extrahypothalamic brain.
Coronary blood flow in physically trained rats

Coronary blood flow was measured using labelled microspheres (15 μm diameter) in sedentary and endurance trained rats during hypoxaemic conditions designed to develop coronary dilatation (Pa,o2 6.0 to 6.7 kPa [45 to 50 mmHg]). Rats that were trained for 12 to 18 weeks (26·8 m per minute, 15% gradient, 1 hour per day) had a significantly greater coronary blood flow conductance (15.3 ± 1.0 mm3·min−1 · kPa−1 aortic diastolic pressure, n = 20) than sedentary animals (10.8± 0.9, n = 19). Even though cardiac hypertrophy (17%) was found in the trained animals, this increase in perfused mass accounted for only one-third of the increase in total coronary blood flow. Thus, there was a greater coronary blood flow per unit mass of the myocardium in the trained rats.
The Aspect Ratio Effect on Natural Convection in an Enclosure With Protruding Heat Sources

The aspect ratio effect on natural convection heat transfer in a rectangular enclosure with protruding heat sources has been experimentally investigated. Five protruding heaters were mounted with uniform vertical spacing on one vertical wall. The vertical wall opposite to the wall on which heated sections were mounted was movable so that the enclosure width could be adjusted to the desired values. The top surface of the test enclosure was an isothermal heat sink. All other surfaces except the two end vertical surfaces were insulated. The five heaters were identical with each having horizontal protuberance of L{sub 3} = 9 mm and vertical height of L{sub 1} = 15 mm. The vertical spacing between the heaters was L{sub 2} = 15 mm. The enclosure width was varied in experiments from W = 13.5 mm to 45 mm. The experiments were conducted for six values of cavity width resulting in variations in the cavity height-to-width ratios (aspect ratios) and cavity width-to-protruding heater height ratios of 3.67 to 12.22 and 1.5 to 5.0, respectively. Ethylene glycol was used as the convective medium. Flow visualization pictures and heat transfer data indicate that the starting point of core flow directly affects the local heat transfermore » coefficient of the bottom heater, while the secondary flow cell between the top heated section and the top sink surface influences the heat transfer coefficient of the top heater. The correlation of local Nusselt number versus local modified Rayleigh number is independent of the number of heaters in the vertical array, cavity width-to-heater protrusion height ratio, W/L{sub 3}, and vertical height location of the heaters.« less
The role of science in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)

Emissions of carbon from tropical deforestation and degradation currently account for 12–15% of total anthropogenic carbon emissions each year, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD; including REDD+) is poised to be the primary international mechanism with the potential to reduce these emissions. This article provides a brief summary of the scientific research that led to REDD, and that continues to help refine and resolve issues of effectiveness, efficiency and equitability for a REDD mechanism. However, REDD deals only with tropical forests and there are other regions, ecosystems and processes that govern the sources and sinks of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Ongoing research will reveal which of these other flows of carbon are most important, and which of them might present further opportunities to reduce emissions (or enhance sinks) through environmental policy mechanisms, as well as how they might do this.
“Magic” losses from metastable N+2n, clusters as a statistical evaporation process

Abstract The decay of a N 2 ( v = 1) molecule within a N + 2n cluster, causing subsequent loss of a “magic” number of molecules from the cluster, is modeled statistically. Up to clusters of size n = 19, the losses are explicable with a constant average binding energy of 660 ± 30cm −1 .
Tutorials at a Distance: Reflection on the Process

This paper is a reflection on 18 months of online mentoring. More accurately, it is about my experience of online tutorials because the process and the dynamics of the tutorial that have been, for me at least, the core of mentoring. Three related facets of tutorial are considered: deep learning, transformational learning, and ways in which reflections of the dynamics of the tutorial encounter can be strengthened and incorporated into student assessment.
Institutionalizing problem‐oriented policing: rethinking problem solving, analysis, and accountability

Problem‐oriented policing (POP) has emerged as a fertile area of innovative police research and practice. Its core ideas have existed for over 20 years; however, research suggests that POP has been routinized into the practice of few police departments. This paper argues that POP has not gained widespread adoption because of the inclination to make line officers the central actors in POP’s implementation. It presents an integrated model reconsidering how problems are defined, analysis is used, and how problem‐solving accountability is distributed throughout an organization and builds upon the strengths of traditional policing – information‐gathering, centralized command, and accountability structure.
Measuring the impact of microarchitectural ideas

Welcome to IEEE Micros first issue of 2006. We are starting this year with our annual Top Picks issue. This is the third such annual collection of magazine-style adaptations of our top-rated papers selected from the past years computer architecture and design conferences.
Unexplained physical symptoms in eight organizations: Individual and organizational analyses.

Data collected from 826 people in eight American organizations concerning mass reports of symptoms and various possible indicants of stress were subjected to correlational and regression analyses. In addition, using the argument that illness was actually an organizational phenomenon, company means of 41 predictor variables were correlated with company means on the symptoms variable. The three sets of analyses indicate that reported symptoms are related to work pressure, employee income, family disharmony and dissatisfaction with company personnel practices. Limitations of the data collection effort are noted and recommendations for future investigations are made.
Conflicts between Individual Health and Nature Preservation

The article by Jessica Pierce and Christina Kerby, “The Global Ethics of Latex Gloves: Reflections on Natural Resource Use in Healthcare,” raises some important but seldom asked questions about the use of natural resources in healthcare. They take for their example latex gloves, which are in wide everyday use, especially since the establishment of principles of universal precautions in infection control as a reaction to the spread of HIV. They trace the production of latex gloves back through rubber processing to their origins in Malaysian rubber plantations and elsewhere. They then ask, but do not answer, some hard questions about the ethics of our relationship as patients to the impact of the materials we use on communities and the environment. To draw out their theme more starkly, consider the rumor widespread in South America that some babies purportedly adopted by Northerners are sold and cut up for their organs. Suppose this story were true; suppose your donated organ were obtained in this way. You would probably be so revolted by the immorality of its acquisition that you would refuse to accept it. But now take a morally more ambiguous case, as Pierce and Kerby intend. Suppose that the process of obtaining latex gloves is part of the gradual erosion of the Malaysian environment, and that workers in latex factories are poorly paid. Now, should or would you refuse to use latex gloves? Should or would you even be more selective in their use? The practice of universal precautions presumes a virtually unlimited supply of gloves; yet to react to resource scarcity with selective precautions hazards discrimination. Is there any way philosophically to balance the local justice issue of discrimination in comparison to injustice on a global scale and to future generations?
Interactions Between Endogenous Virus Loci ev6 and ev21. 1. Immune Response to Exogenous Avian Leukosis Virus Infection

The effects of ev6, ev21, sex, and hatch, were studied with respect to avian leukosis virus (ALV) viremia, cloacal shedding, and antibody response among RPL-40 virus-infected White Leghorns that carried ev6 and ev21 in all combinations. Among the four possible ev genotypes, chickens that carried only ev21 were the most immunologically tolerant to RPL-40 infection. Incidence of RPL-40 viremia was lowest among hatchmates that lacked both ev genes. Analysis of variance indicated significant interactions between ev6 and ev21 with respect to all responses. Among ev21+ slow-feathering (SF) chickens, the incidence of viremia and shedding of RPL-40 was reduced in the presence of ev6 when compared with ev6- hatchmates. Conversely, among ev21- rapid-feathering (RF) chickens, ev6 significantly enhanced the incidence of RPL-40 viremia when compared with ev6- hatchmates. The endogenous virus, ev6, markedly reduced recovery of the endogenous virus (EV21) from plasmas of slow-feathering chickens. When both flocks were terminated at 21 wk of age, significantly more ev21+ SF females had died from or developed RPL-40-induced tumors than ev21- hatchmates.
Multiple-soliton solutions for the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff, Jimbo–Miwa and YTSF equations

Abstract In this work we employ the Hirota’s bilinear method to derive multiple-front solutions for nonlinear evolution equations. Three models, namely, the (2 + 1)-dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation, the (3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation, and the (3 + 1)-dimensional potential YTSF equation, are used as vehicles to conduct the analysis. The work shows the power of the bilinear method and the variety of the obtained front solutions.
Cultural Lens on Mental Illness: Four Clients Share Their Perspectives

People served by mental health providers represent diverse cultural groups. In-depth qualitative interviews were used to collect data to examine: “How do people, diagnosed with a mental illness, perceive their experience in a partial care mental health program from the perspective of their cultural context?” Four participants described cultural identities that included ethnic, health status, and sexual orientation identities. The participants' way of participating in the world was often in conflict with cultural values and expectations of the family and counselors. Cultural competence must include understanding how complex, multiple cultural contexts interact and influence a person's participation in the therapeutic process.
Tools for privacy preserving distributed data mining

Privacy preserving mining of distributed data has numerous applications. Each application poses different constraints: What is meant by privacy, what are the desired results, how is the data distributed, what are the constraints on collaboration and cooperative computing, etc. We suggest that the solution to this is a toolkit of components that can be combined for specific privacy-preserving data mining applications. This paper presents some components of such a toolkit, and shows how they can be used to solve several privacy-preserving data mining problems.
Intracellular Localization of Na,K-ATPase α2 Subunit Mutants

Abstract The Na,K-ATPase is an essential plasma membrane transporter of mammalian cells composed of two subunits, α and β, of which there are several isoforms. We investigated the effect of a substitution, S364P, on the subcellular localization and enzymatic activity of the wild-type α2 and α2L111R,N122D (α2RD) subunits. The substitutions, L111R and N122D, lower the affinity of the α2 subunit for the inhibitor ouabain roughly one thousand-fold (E. A. Jewell and J. B. Lingrel, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16925–16930, 1991) and were introduced into the α2 subunit to distinguish its enzymatic activity from that of the endogenous α1 subunit of COS-7 cells. The S364P substitution is located in the ATP binding site, only five residues from the aspartyl residue which is phosphorylated during the catalytic cycle of the Na,K-ATPase. This substitution dramatically decreases the amount of enzymatic activity associated with expression of the α2RD subunit. Despite the fact that S364P substitution does not block association of the α2RD subunit with the endogenous β1 subunit, it prevents the α2 and α2RD subunits from accumulating in the plasma membrane and results in their localization in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Edge Based Level Set with Gaussian Filtering Regularized and its Application in Liver Segmentation

A novel edge-based active contour model (ACM) is proposed in this paper. Our edge-based active contour model has many advantages over the conventional active contour models. Firstly, the proposed model can get much smoother contour and needs much less iterations to evolution by being implemented with a special processing named Selectively Binary and Gaussian Filtering Regularized Level Set (SBGFRLS) method. Secondly, we introduce Bilateral Gaussian Filter which can preserve edges to smooth images. So we make weak edges more clear than traditional Gaussian Filter. Thirdly, the level set function can be easily initialized with binary function, which is more efficient to construct than the widely used signed distance function (SDF) because of the special processing. Experiments on synthetic image and segmenting liver from abdominal CT images demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over geodesic active contours (GAC) in term of both efficiency and accuracy.
Oral glycopyrrolate for the treatment of chronic severe drooling caused by neurological disorders in children

Excessive drooling may complicate the care of children with chronic neurological conditions by socially isolating both patients and families and by causing secondary dermatitis and infection. Normal control of saliva requires normal integrity of oral structures, normal oropharyngeal sensation, and motor functioning, as well as normal cognitive awareness and rate of salivary production. Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic medication with a quaternary structure that recently received Food and Drug Administration approval to treat sialorrhea due to neurological problems in children ages 3-16 years. This review summarizes the few published studies of safety and efficacy of glycopyrrolate for drooling in children with chronic neurological conditions.
Universal Eigenmode in a Strongly Sheared Magnetic Field

It is shown, contrary to previous work, that in the presence of large shear ($\frac{{L}_{S}}{{R}_{P}}l\frac{{R}_{P}}{{a}_{i}}$) an unstable universal eigenmode exists. The criterion for the stabilization of this mode for long wavelengths (${k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}{a}_{i}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$) is $\frac{{L}_{S}}{{R}_{P}}l{(\frac{M}{m})}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ which is more restrictive than the usual criterion for stabilization of the transient (convective) modes ordinarily considered.
A simplified mode of differential phase contrast Lorentz microscopy.

A simplified mode of differential phase contrast Lorentz microscopy for the study of magnetic domain structures in thin films is proposed and demonstrated. This mode employs a single annular detector in a scanning transmission electron microscope rather than the specialized split detectors that have been previously used. The resulting signal is sufficiently linear with magnetic field strength to allow quantitative data to be obtained on the domain configurations and the natures of the domain walls. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Crystal structure, morphology, and phase transitions in aromatic polyimide oligomers. 3. Poly(1,4‐phenyleneoxy‐1,3‐phenylene pyromellitimide)

Poly(1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,3-phenylene pyromellitimide) oligomer (PMDA-3,4'-ODA), was synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 3,4'-oxydianiline (3,4'-ODA) via a melt-polymerization method. This method permits growth of PMDA-3,4'-ODA lamellar crystals and the crystal structure can be studied via electron diffraction (ED) and WAXD experiments. Our structure analysis indicates that this polyimide possesses a two-chain orthorhombic crystal lattice with dimensions of a= 0.848, b= 0.562, and c= 3.365 nm. It has also been found that poly(amic acid) precursors with little imidization possess the same ab lateral lattice packing, but statistical departure from the ordered packing along the c-direction
Breaking Caenorhabditis elegans the easy way using the Balch homogenizer: An old tool for a new application

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism best known for its powerful genetics. There is an increasing need in the worm community to couple genetics with biochemistry. Isolation of functionally active proteins or nucleic acids without the use of strong oxidizing denaturants or of subcellular compartments from C. elegans has, however, been challenging because of the worms' thick surrounding cuticle. The Balch homogenizer is a tool that has found much use in mammalian cell culture biology. The interchangeable single ball-bearing design of this instrument permits rapid permeabilization, or homogenization, of cells. Here we demonstrate the utility of the Balch homogenizer for studies with C. elegans. We describe procedures for the efficient breakage and homogenization of every larval stage, including dauers, and show that the Balch homogenizer can be used to extract functionally active proteins. Enzymatic assays for catalase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase show that sample preparation using the Balch homogenizer equals or outperforms conventional methods employing boiling, sonication, or Dounce homogenization. We also describe phenol-free techniques for isolation of genomic DNA and RNA. Finally, we used the tool to isolate coupled mitochondria and polysomes. The reusable Balch homogenizer represents a quick and convenient solution for undertaking biochemical studies on C. elegans.
Applicability of competitive and noncompetitive kinetics to the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes.

Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes has typically been modeled using standard Michaelis-Menten kinetic equations, implying that each dechlorination step is catalyzed by a unique biological factor. An alternative kinetic model is based on the assumption that all steps are mediated by a single factor. These two options are considered in the context of chlorinated ethene degradation by a previously characterized anaerobic culture. Competitive kinetics afford better chi-squared and visual fits of the data set tested.
Interpretation of metal speciation data in coastal waters: the effects of humic substances on copper binding as a test case

Abstract Hypotheses regarding the nature and behavior of metal-binding ligands present in natural waters are often based solely on analysis of metal complexation data. In this study, we examined the interpretation of metal titration data in systems where metal binding both by a heterogeneous mixture of ligands, such as humic substances, as well as by a homogeneous class of strong ligands are significant. As a test case, we created simulated competitive ligand exchange data sets based on the copper complexation characteristics of humic substances and other ligand types thought to dominate copper speciation in coastal and fresh waters, and used various data fitting techniques to extract best fit ligand parameters (conditional binding constants and total ligand concentrations) from these data. Different data fitting techniques produced comparable, accurate descriptions of the variation of free copper concentration as a function of total copper over the range of total copper probed by each simulated data set. However, we show that internal calibrations must be applied with extreme caution, since the effect of intermediate-strength binding by humic substances or similar ligands will be indistinguishable from surfactant effects in voltammetric titration data. While the different fitting techniques produced comparable results as long as the data were accurate (e.g., not distorted by internal calibration errors), the presence of the heterogeneous ligands (humic substances) prevented extraction of accurate ligand parameters for the strong discrete ligands. In fact, different sets of fitting parameters produced equally good fits to the data, emphasizing that distinctions between strongly binding (“L 1 ”) and weakly binding (“L 2 ”) ligand classes are arbitrary in waters where heterogeneous mixtures of ligands are present. Total ligand concentrations extracted from fits for which conditional binding constants were pre-specified allowed limited interpretation of the behavior of different ligand types present in the model samples.
The Fe/S Assembly Protein IscU Behaves as a Substrate for the Molecular Chaperone Hsc66 from Escherichia coli

IscU, a NifU-like Fe/S-escort protein, binds to and stimulates the ATPase activity of Hsc66, a hsp70-type molecular chaperone. We present evidence that stimulation arises from interactions of IscU with the substrate-binding site of Hsc66. IscU inhibited the ability of Hsc66 to suppress the aggregation of the denatured model substrate proteins rhodanese and citrate synthase, and calorimetric and surface plasmon resonance measurements showed that ATP destabilizes Hsc66·IscU complexes in a manner expected for hsp70-substrate complexes. Studies on the interaction of IscU with Hsc66 truncation mutants further showed that IscU does not bind the isolated ATPase domain of Hsc66 but does bind and stimulate a mutant containing the ATPase domain and substrate binding β-sandwich subdomain. These results support a role for IscU as a substrate for Hsc66 and suggest a specialized function for Hsc66 in the assembly, stabilization, or transfer of Fe/S clusters formed on IscU.
LOSS OF CHLOROFORM FROM MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE MIXTURE UNDER SIMULATED IN‐USE CONDITIONS

Summary Investigations were carried out under simulated in use conditions to determine the loss of chloroform from Magnesium Trisilicate Mixtures manufactured using Chloroform Water Double Strength, Chloroform Emulsion and Chloroform Spirit. Magnesium Trisilicate Mixture B.P.C. showed a loss of 33–40% of the initial chloroform content after 140 × 10 ml aliquots had been removed from a single container. Mixtures manufactured using Chloroform Spirit and Emulsion had higher initial values of chloroform content, also the chloroform remained in solution longer than in the B.P.C. mixtures. A survey of hospital manufactured Magnesium Trisilicate Mixtures showed that there are difficulties in manufacturing mixtures that contain the correct chloroform content. Mixtures from 22 hospitals were analysed of which three contained the expected concentration of chloroform.
“Are You Kidding Me?”: The Role of Nonverbal Cues in the Verbal Accounting Process

This article reports on an investigation of 78 interactions for the messages sent by nonverbal cues in account sequences. Account elicitations and evaluations were rated based on vocal and facial behaviors communicating five messages: (a) positive or negative affect, (b) certainty or uncertainty, (c) understanding or confusion, (d) agreement or disagreement, and (e) belief or disbelief. We also coded the accounters' discourse that followed elicitations and evaluations to investigate the relationship between nonverbal messages and the account forms used by the teller. Our results showed that, even when controlling for what a person said, the messages sent by nonverbal cues could all predict subsequent account forms, although not always in the way expected. These results help our argument that nonverbal cues may be an important part of moving through account sequences, both on their own and when combined with verbal utterances.
Cyclic and age-related changes in norepinephrine concentrations in the medial preoptic area and arcuate nucleus

High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) and Palkovits' microdissection technique were used to measure norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and arcuate nucleus (AN) during various stages of the estrous cycle. NE was measured seven times at 2-h intervals between 1000 h and 2200 h on the days of proestrus and diestrus in young (4-month-old) rats and four times at 2-h intervals between 1400 h and 2000 h in old (20-22-month-old) persistently diestrous rats. On the day of proestrus in young animals, NE increased progressively from low levels at 1000 h to peak levels at 2000 h, followed by a sharp decline at 2200 h. In contrast, no changes in NE occurred on the day of diestrus. Unlike the young proestrous rats, but similar to the young diestrous rats, no changes in NE concentrations either in the MPA or in the AN occurred in the old persistently diestrous rats. These data demonstrate that NE concentrations in the MPA and AN change during the estrous cycle. We believe the increase in NE on the afternoon of proestrus is related to the surge in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) that occurs simultaneously in this stage of the estrous cycle. The lack of change in NE concentrations in the young diestrous and persistently diestrous old animals is consistent with the well-established absence of changes in serum LH in these animals.
Tolerating Economic Reform: Popular Support for Transition to a Free Market in the Former Soviet Union.

The mass public in the Soviet Union is not enthusiastic about free-market reform. How, then, do citizens in a former communist regime develop an appreciation for free-market reforms? Different explanations for attitudes toward free market reforms are tested using data from a survey of the European USSR conducted in May 1990. First, negative assessments of recent economic performance is a catalyst for popular support for the market economy. Although very underdeveloped, there is a nascent free-market culture in the Soviet Union that makes a modest contribution to support for free-market reforms. The free-market culture that is developing in the former Soviet Union resembles that of social democracy, rather than laissez-faire capitalism. Democratic values and support for free markets are mutually reinforcing, suggesting that support for democracy makes a very important contribution to support for free-market reform.
Virtual global positioning system for distributed interactive simulation environments

A major shortfall in the fidelity of current military distributed virtual environments (DVEs) is the lack of virtual global positioning system (GPS) timing and position signals for entities within the environment. The DVE's usefulness is reduced because positional errors and positional accuracy that would be available in the real world are not present in the DVE. This, in turn, affects the validity of the results of training, analysis, and evaluations involving systems that rely on GPS. The magnitude of the affect depends on the degree that the systems involved in the DVE rely on GPS in the real world. The project reported in this paper addresses this deficit in current military DVEs. The capability we developed to provide a virtual GPS-based navigation capability within a DVE is based upon three components. These components are a complete virtual GPS satellite constellation, a means for broadcasting GPS signals using the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) simulation protocols, and a software system, the Virtual GPS Receiver (VGPSR), to calculate simulation entity position using the virtual GPS time and position signals. The virtual GPS satellites are propagated in their orbits using the solar system modeler (SM). The SM also performs the simulated GPS signal broadcast by transmitting a DIS protocol data unit (PDU) with the data that would appear within a real world GPS satellite broadcast. The VGPSR is a plug-in module available for simulation applications that require virtual GPS navigation. To demonstrate the capability of this system, we used the VGPSR in conjunction with the virtual cockpit to simulate virtual weapons deployment. We present the design of the VGPSR and the design of the modules added to the SM for GPS broadcast. We describe the calculations the system performs to calculate position in the virtual environment and we describe the accuracy and performance the system achieves when calculating virtual environment position using our system. We conclude with suggestions for further research in this area.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Credit-Granting Decisions Under Risk

ABSTRACT Surveys find that the majority of firms utilize credit limits. However, most trade-credit models show a dichotomous result: either credit is granted or it is refused. In this paper, a single-period model of the trade credit-granting decision is developed which incorporates the portfolio effects of credit granting on the seller's cash inflows and therefore on its probability of cash stockout. In this model, the credit limit serves as a mechanism to control these portfolio effects and thus hedge against such stockouts.
EFFECTS OF FORMULATION AND COOKING METHOD ON PROPERTIES OF LOW‐FAT BEEF PATTIES

Seven low-fat (8-10%) formulations of beef patties differing in: (1) raw beef materials, (2) patty formation and freezing method, and (3) added ingredients (iota carrageenan, oat bran and fiber, soy protein concentrate, frozen prehydrated soy protein) were obtained from commercial operations. An eighth product was a 20% fat, all-beef formulation. Patties were cooked to 71C either by impingement oven (IMP) cookery at 260-270C or combination broiler-grilling (BG) at the same temperature range. Among the procedures/ingredients employed, using either beef from young cattle versus old cows, perforating patties coupled with individual quick freezing or substituting some beef with oat bran and fiber produced the greatest improvements in tenderness, juiciness and cooking yields. The 20% fat patties (manufactured from cow beef) received the lowest sensory and instrumental values for tenderness. These findings serve to indicate that high fat levels do not always guarantee high tenderness in beef patties. Patties processed with soy products received the lowest juiciness and flavor ratings. BG produced higher cooking yields and juiciness scores than cooking by IMP. Cooking method did not appreciably influence tenderness. Due to the sizeable differences among formulations in sensory properties and cooking yields, considerable attention appears necessary in selecting raw materials, ingredients and processing procedures in order to insure acceptable low-fat beef patties.
Using existing self-report inventories to measure the psychopathic personality traits of Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality☆

Abstract This paper describes the creation and initial validation of new self-report measures of the psychopathic traits of Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality. In Study 1 we created new measures of these traits from the item content of three existing personality inventories: the IPIP-NEO [Johnson, J. A. (2000). Developing a short form of the IPIP-NEO: A report to HGW Consulting. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, DuBois, PA.], NEO PI-R [Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.], and HEXACO PI-R [Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329–358.]. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate convergence across these new measures. Study 3 examined how strongly the HEXACO PI-R and IPIP-NEO measures converged with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised [Lilienfeld, S. O. & Widows, M. R. (2005). Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised: Professional manual. Lutz, Fl: Psychological Assessment Resources.]. Finally, Study 4 assessed self-other convergence and associations with observable aggressive responses for the IPIP-NEO scales. These studies provide important information about the assessment of these psychopathic traits.
Sex lethal controls dosage compensation in Drosophila by a non-splicing mechanism

Dosage compensation in Drosophila requires the male-specific lethal (msl) proteins (MSL) to make gene expression from the single male X chromosome equivalent to that from both female X chromosomes. Expression of ms12 is repressed post-transcriptionally by Sex lethal (SXL), a female-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing in the sex-determination hierarchy. Although msl2 RNA is alternatively spliced in males and females, this does not alter its coding potential and splicing is not required for male-specific expression of MSL2 protein. Instead, our results suggest that the association of SXL protein with multiple sites in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the mx12 transcript represses its translation in females. Thus, this well characterized alternative splicing factor regulates at least one target transcript by a distinct mechanism.
Directions for targeted self-assembly of anisotropic colloids from statistical thermodynamics

This article reviews recent results from statistical thermodynamics that may be used to advance experimental efforts to self-assemble particular target structures from anisotropic colloidal particles. So that experiments may take advantage of the rapid progress made in the theory and simulation of anisotropic particle self-assembly, I emphasize three areas: (i) the specification, characterization, and measurement of the pair potential interactions of anisotropic colloids, which is necessary to quantitatively connect experiments with the simulation and theory; (ii) phase diagrams of anisotropic particles from the theory and simulation, which indicate the conditions of thermodynamic stability of the target crystal structures; and (iii) field-assisted assembly methods, which allow experimentalists to efficiently study the conditions identified in the simulated phase diagrams. Together, these three directions specify a rational way to self-assemble particular target structures from anisotropic colloids whose quantities are typically limited.
Lens temperature and performance correlation analysis

Lens temperature is a dominant factor for lens performance in steppers. The lens temperature of steppers was controlled tightly with TCU system. This paper aims to discuss lens UDOF, NCE, Astigmatism, FPD, IPT, lens heating performance and CD repeatability. From experiment result, the optimized lens temperature is 22 degrees C of '74' lens. It resulted in maximum UDOF, minimum Astigmatism, minimum FPD, minimum NCE and minimum IPT. And under this temperature, there is minimum Intra-field CED STD and range on the conditions of lens cooling and heating. Non-optimized lens temperature will result in UDOF decrease and Aerial image distortion.
Confidentiality in Clinical Writing: Ethical Dilemmas in Publishing Case Material from Clinical Social Work Practice

This article summarizes perceptions of experienced social work clinicians and journal editors regarding the ethical dilemmas of publishing confidential case material in writing about clinical practice. Based on a qualitative study of eight professionals, participants explore the benefits and limitations of clinical writing, informed consent and disguise of case information, and personal and editorial policies regarding publishing confidential material. Although embracing ethical obligations, participants express confusion and ambivalence about preferred means of protecting client privacy. This article reviews literature on the ethics of clinical writing and makes recommendations for social work educators and practitioners who publish their work.
Resonance flourescence examination of the allyl radical B[12A1] and C[22B1] excited states

The B[12A1] and C[22B1] electronic states of the allyl radical have been examined by laser spectroscopy. The spectra are classified according to the theory of resonance secondary radiation as predominantly resonance fluorescence in the excitation wavelength range from 242 nm to 250 nm. The observed emission spectra are indicative of the vibronic nature of the absorption bands. The excited state vibrational frequencies for (nu) 7 and (nu) 12 of the C[22B1] state are found to be 375 cm-1 and 509 cm-1.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hair product use in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case‐control study

Objective. We sought to determine if hair product use is associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and whether SLE patients who use hair products have more severe disease. Method. A questionnaire on hair product use was administered to 218 members of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort, 178 first- or second-degree relatives, and 186 best friends of the patients. Results. There was no significant difference in exposure to hair dye or hair permanent in SLE patients before the diagnosis of SLE as compared with controls, nor were there any significant differences in measures of SLE disease activity in patients who used hair products after their diagnosis versus those who did not. Conclusion. Exposure to hair dyes and hair permanents is not associated with the development of lupus. No hair product is associated with SLE disease activity after diagnosis.
Studies on drug resistance. I. Distribution of l-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, cytidine and deoxycytidine in mice bearing ara-C-sensitive and-resistant P815 neoplasms.

Abstract A study of the physiological distribution of tritiated-1-β- d -arabinofuranosylcytosine ( 3 H-ara-C) in mice, carrying bilateral implants of ara-C-sensitive and -resistant tumors, indicated a selective, specific and prolonged accumulation of radio-activity in the sensitive tumor compared with the resistant tumor, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, blood, small intestines and brain of the host. Although the patterns of the brain and sensitive tumor tissues were similar, the brain accumulated much less radioactivity. The main difference of uptake of ara-C in the sensitive tumor compared with the resistant tumor was the presence of a large amount of ara-C nucleotide in the sensitive tumor and its negligible content in the resistant tumor. Deoxycytidine (CdR)-derived radioactivity was present, but not protracted, in all the above mentioned tissues. 3 H-cytidine ( 3 H-CR) was taken up equally in the sensitive and resistant tumors. In the liver its level was high and long-lasting. The relative values of uptake in sensitive and resistant tumors were 6-8:1 for ara-C; 2-4:1 for CdR; and 1:1 for CR 48 hr after injection. Determination in vitro of ara-C, CR and CdR deamination by tissue homogenates indicated no sizeable amounts of such nucleoside deaminases in the liver and two tumors. On the other hand, high levels of these substrates were deaminated by the kidney tissue. Of several naturally occurring CR- and CdR-nucleotides and ara-CMP, only deoxycytidine-5'-diphosphate (dCDP) and deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (dCTP) were comparably deaminated by both tumors. Liver, kidney and both tumor tissues in vitro phosphorylated CR to the same degree. Ara-C and CdR were phosphorylated readily in the sensitive tumor and to a lesser extent in the liver; the kidney and resistant tumor showed only minor kinase activity. Cytidine-5'-diphosphate-reductase activity was about equal in both tumors.
Alteration in platelet count during early pregnancy in the mouse.

: Published reports of pregnancy associated thrombocytopenia in mice have utilized the Quackenbush strain. The inability of some laboratories to verify this observation in other mouse strains prompted us to report our findings by using Swiss Albino ICR mice. In Exp. 1, pregnant and pseudopregnant mice were bled prior to mating (time 0) and daily on day 1 (vaginal plug) through day 7. In Exp. 2, media from 24 hr cultures of 2-cell mouse embryos or media from unfertilized oocytes were injected into splenectomized mice. Animals were bled at time 0 (before injection) and at 30,60, and 120 min after injection. In Exp. 3, splenectomized mice were treated with either media from 2-cell stage embryos or with media supplemented with synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF: 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 μg). Animals were bled as in Exp. 2. Platelet numbers were determined in duplicate from each blood sample by using a hemacytometer. In Exp. 4, antagonist (SRI 63–441) or vehicle was administered to mated mice on days 1 through 4 of pregnancy. Animals were examined on day 8 to determine number of developing conceptuses. In Exp. 1–3, data were analyzed by using ANOVA for repeated measures, and in Exp. 4 data were analyzed by chi-square analysis. In Exp. 1, there was a treatment × time interaction (P .10) than the response to 2-cell embryo culture media. In Exp. 4, a total dose of 20 μg of antagonist did not alter (P>.1) the frequency of animals pregnant on day 8 while 20 μg/day of antagonist significantly (P<.05) reduced the frequency of animals that were pregnant. These data agree with reports using Quackenbush mice and support the hypothesis that reduction in platelet numbers is associated with early pregnancy in mice.
A scanning tunneling microscope that operates at high pressures and high temperatures (430 K) and during catalytic reactions

We describe the construction and operation of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) designed in our laboratory that is contained in a reaction cell and allows operation throughout a wide range of pressures (ultra-high vacuum-atmospheric) and temperatures (300–425 K). This thermally compensated, double piezo tube design is entirely mechanically clamped. Samples are inertially translated and can be easily transferred in and out of the STM. With this microscope, we have investigated the stability of Pt(110) as a function of oxygen and hydrogen pressure and temperature.
332 REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE OFFSPRING FOLLOWING PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO PHENOBARBITAL: CRITICAL PERIOD OF ACTION

332 REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE OFFSPRING FOLLOWING PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO PHENOBARBITAL: CRITICAL PERIOD OF ACTION