cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dielectric and lattice dynamical properties of SrTiO3 thin films

Abstract Pulsed-laser-deposited SrTiO3 thin films are used as all example to illustrate the effects of strain. oxygen vacancies, and interfacial dead layer on the dielectric and lattice dynamical properties in ferroelectric thin films. We found that strain, both lattice mismatch-induced and due to local defects such as oxygen vacancies, dramatically influences the properties of the thin films. The cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition is greatly modified by the strain in the films. Raman scattering shows the symmetry-forbidden optical phonons, indicating the reduction of symmetry. The line shape of the polar phonon shows a Fano asymmetry, which we suggest to be due to the micro polar regions or other local polar structures around the oxygen vacancies. The temperature dependence of the low-frequency complex dielectric constant shows markedly distinct quantum fluctuation behaviors from those of the single crystals. The soft mode is considerably hardened in the thin films compared to the single cry...
A QoS-based auction protocol for coexisting WISPs

During the last years, several wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) install base stations (BSs) to public areas in order to offer Internet feed or voice services to their subscribers. These BSs use the licensed-exempt spectrum, and limited regulations apply during their deployment. Thus, WISPs offering services in overlapping geographical areas need interference-free, access resolution mechanisms to reserve and use the available wireless resources. Moreover, to offer guaranteed level of services to users, WISPs need to cooperate for resources scheduling. Furthermore, each WISP might consider diverse criteria to charge the services that it offers. In this paper, a distributed, channel auctioning protocol is proposed. This protocol, called QAPW (QoS-based auction protocol for WISPs), is materialized through the wireless links, and allows BSs of different providers to bid in order to reserve wireless resources for long period of time. Bidding is based on the expected data volumes or the QoS demands of their accommodated connections. QAPW enables dynamic auctions. During the auction phase the scarce spectrum becomes a subject of negotiation. Bidder BSs, expecting to serve high data volumes in the near future, submit offers to semi-permanently allocate additional channels. Auctioneers are those BS that accommodate low, or moderated, data traffic
Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a water stress protein (WSP23) from wheat roots

Abstract Plants respond to different environmental stress stimuli by rapid synthesis of stress proteins which are hypothesized to have a protective function in cellular metabolism. The nucleotide sequence of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cDNA encoding one such protein, WSP23 whose transcripts rapidly accumulate during water stress is presented. Sequence analysis of this cDNA yielded a derived polypeptide, 231 amino acids in length, with a predicted molecular mass of 23 229 and isoelectric point (pI) of 10.8. The putative polypeptide is highly hydrophilic and has highly conserved amino acid repeats that are similar to several other water stress responsive proteins found in higher plants. Genomic Southern blot hybridization data suggest the presence of a small multigene family encoding these proteins in wheat. Coordinate expression of genes that encode three different groups of water stress proteins indicates that the molecular changes that occur in plants in response to water deficits may mimic the gene expression pattern that occurs during late embryo maturation stages.
Three Eras of Young Adult Home Leaving in Twentieth-Century America

This article divides the history of coming of age in the U.S. in the twentieth century into three distinct time periods: one that ran from 1880 until World War Il, one that started in the 1940s and continued until the 1960s, and a third that began by 1970 and was clearly still in evidence in 1990. The story is based on data that recorded whether young people were living with one or both of their parents at the time of each of the decennial censuses of the U.S., from 1880 through 1990. The dramatic finding reported here is in the history of home-leaving ages up until the time of the second world war. Earlier studies assert that the age of home-leaving was declining from as early as it could be measured until 1970. These results are different. From 1880 until 1940 for males and 1950 for females, the age at leaving home did not decline, it rose. The decline came later, from 1940 (men) and 1950 (women). Beginning with 1970, the age of home-leaving rose again, reaching relatively high levels by 1990. The results also show that home leaving ages varied by race, sex, and region, among other factors.
Gender, Computer-Assisted Learning, and Anxiety: With a Little Help from a Friend:

This study examined the effects of learning group gender composition and the use of nonverbal communication by a computer on performance and motivation following a computer-assisted biology lesson....
An explicit time integration elastic-plastic finite element algorithm for analysis of high speed rolling

Abstract A finite element formulation effective in simulating high speed rolling is presented. This formulation accounts for inertia force and requires modest computer primary memory during solution. Unlike static finite element formulations, this algorithm does not require the assemblage, and inversion, of a global stiffness matrix. After spatial discretization and mass lumping, the governing equations are uncoupled. They can be solved node by node with explicit time integration. Sample plane strain simulations of high speed rolling are presented. The results demonstrate the effect of roll speed and material work-hardening on deformation mechanics. The simulation succeeded in quantifying front and rear end deformation of a billet, and the algorithm can be applied to reduce crop loss. The formulation also seems suitable for the analysis of other high speed metalforming processes.
Activity and social behavior in a complex environment in rats neonatally exposed to alcohol.

Abstract Environmental complexity (EC) is a powerful, stimulating paradigm that engages animals through a variety of sensory and motor pathways. Exposure to EC (30 days) following 12 days of wheel running preserves hippocampal neuroplasticity in male rats neonatally exposed to alcohol during the third-trimester equivalent (binge-like exposure on postnatal days [PD] 4–9). The current experiment investigates the importance of various components of EC (physical activity, exploration, social interaction, novelty) and examines whether neonatal alcohol exposure affects how male rats interact with their environment and other male rats. Male pups were assigned to 1 of 3 neonatal conditions from PD 4–9: suckle control (SC), sham-intubated (SI), or alcohol-exposed (AE, 5.25 g/kg/day). From PD 30–42 animals were housed with 24-h access to a voluntary running wheel. The animals were then placed in EC from PD 42–72 (9 animals/cage, counterbalanced by neonatal condition). During EC, the animals were filmed for five 30-min sessions (PD 42, 48, 56, 64, 68). For the first experiment, the videos were coded for distance traveled in the cage, overall locomotor activity, time spent near other animals, and interaction with toys. For the second experiment, the videos were analyzed for wrestling, mounting, boxing, grooming, sniffing, and crawling over/under. AE animals were found to be less active and exploratory and engaged in fewer mounting behaviors compared to control animals. Results suggest that after exposure to wheel running, AE animals still have deficits in activity and social behaviors while housed in EC compared to control animals with the same experience.
Binational Emissions Trading in an International Air Shed: The Case of El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez

The quantitative analysis of transfrontier pollution (TFP) relative to aerial pollutants along the United States-Mexico border has been addressed in a series of publications (Applegate and Bath 1974 and 1978; Applegate 1979a, 1979b, 1981a and 1981b; Bath 1983). After defining the problem, a second series of publications were devoted to policy analysis (Applegate 1982a and 1982b; Bath 1981; Applegate and Bath 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986). This article, based on data and policy analysis given in the earlier publications, will explore bilateral emissions trading within an international air shed. We will propose specific approaches to solve aerial TFP within the air shed covering El Paso and Cd. Juarez (EPJAZ). The approaches we suggest, modified to meet the unique requirements of other border sheds, could be used along the entire border with Mexico and possibly elsewhere in the Americas.
High energy predictions for ¯pp andpp elastic scattering and total cross sections

Predictions for thes behavior at high energies are made for¯pp andpp: the differential elastic scattering cross section dσ/dt vs.t, the squared 4-momentum transfer; the total elastic cross sectionσel; the nuclear slope parameterB; the curvature parameterC; ϱ, the ratio of the real to the imaginary portion of the forward scattering amplitude; and the total cross sectionσtot. A hybrid approach is employed in order to gain reliable predictions. The energy dependence ofϱ andσtot is fixed by fittingpp and¯pp experimental data forϱ andσtot from 15 GeV toS¯ppS energies, using analytic amplitudes. The other quantities are found using the Chou-Yang model, where the total, cross section is fixed from the fit.
Is inductive machine learning just another wild goose (or might it lay the golden egg)

The research reported here contrasts the roles, methodologies and capabilities of statistical methods with those of inductive machine learning methods, as they are used inferentially in geographical analysis. To this end, various established problems with statistical inference applied in geographical settings are reviewed, based on Gould's (1970) critique. Possible solutions to the problems outlined by Gould are suggested via reviews of: (i) improved statistical methods, and (ii) recent inductive machine learning techniques. Following this, some newer problems with inference are described, emerging from the increased complexity of geographical datasets and from the analysis tasks to which we put them. Again, some solutions are suggested by pointing to newer methods. By way of results, questions are posed, and answered, relating to the changes brought about by adopting inductive machine learning methods for geographical analysis. Specifically, these questions relate to analysis capabilities, methodologies,...
University of Wisconsin solution with butanedione monoxime and calcium improves rat lung preservation

Abstract Background . A limitation to fully using lung transplantation for patients with end-stage lung diseases is short, safe preservation time (4 to 6 hours). Our goal is to extend this to 24 hours or more, which would greatly improve clinical lung transplantation. Methods . We used the isolated perfused rat lung to test how two preservation solutions (low potassium dextran and University of Wisconsin solution) affected quality of lungs after 6, 12, and 24 hours of preservation. Also, we tested modifications of the University of Wisconsin solution, including reversing the ratio of Na/K, the addition of 1.5 mmol/L calcium, and the combination of calcium and butanedione monoxime, agents that improve cardiac preservation. After preservation at 4°C, lungs were reperfused at 37°C with a physiologically balanced solution. Pulmonary artery flow rate, airway peak inspiratory pressure, and tissue edema were used to assess degree of preservation and reperfusion injury. Results . Low potassium dextran solution gave poor preservation (decreased pulmonary artery flow, tissue edema) after 12 hours of cold storage. There were no differences between regular and reversed Na/K ratio University of Wisconsin solutions at 12 or 24 hours of preservation. Addition of calcium had no beneficial effect on lung preservation. However, University of Wisconsin solution with calcium and butanedione monoxime gave excellent 24-hour cold storage, with pulmonary artery flow rate, tissue edema, and airway peak inspiratory pressure equal to control (0 hours of preservation) lungs. Conclusions . The University of Wisconsin solution appears capable of lung preservation for up to 24 hours if modified to contain calcium and butanedione monoxime. The mechanism of action of butanedione monoxime may be related to the suppression of smooth muscle contraction resulting in vasodilation of the cold-stored lung on reperfusion.
On the evaluation of parameters of the constitutive equation for 7475 Al alloy

From the mechanical data on 7475 Al alloy, it is evident that flow stress is significantly dependent on the strain during superplastic flow. This is due to its ability to strain-harden during superplasticity. The rate of increase in the flow stress is much higher at 457° C than at 517° C. This gives rise to non-unique values for the parameters of the constitutive equation. At 457° C, whereas the stress exponent (n) and activation energy for superplastic flow at 1 × 10−4 sec−1 increase only slightly with strain, the grain size sensitivity parameter (p) and structure parameter (A) decrease significantly with strain. These changes in the constitutive parameters are associated with dislocation activity occurring within the grain interior, leading to grain elongation without significant changes in the grain size, through the parameter, (b/d) p , of the constitutive equation.
Potato Yield and Quality Response to Subsoil Tillage and Compaction

Compacted soils have been found in intensively cultivated vegetable crop regions of Central Wisconsin, resulting in the wide scale use of subsoil tillage by growers. The goal of this project was to assess potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and quality response to soil compaction and subsoil tillage. Potato quality factors evaluated were marketable yield, tuber size distribution, internal quality, and sugar concentration. A controlled small plot experiment and several field scale experiments located in collaborating grower fields were conducted to assess potato and soil responses to subsoil tillage. Cone index profiles showed the potential for limited root growth below the compacted soil layer with values >2.0 MPa. Subsoil tillage reduced cone index values to <1.0 MPa below 33 cm in 2 of 3 yr. Total and U.S. no. 1 yields were not influenced by subsoil tillage. Likewise, no consistent differences were seen in the size distributions of U.S. no. 1 tubers across treatments, but subsoil tillage tended to decrease proportion of tubers 113 to 170 g. Subsoil tillage did not affect tuber glucose or sucrose concentrations at harvest or following storage for 120 d. Internal tuber defects were not affected by either compaction or subsoil tillage. The lack of consistent effects of subsoil tillage on potato yield raises questions regarding the validity of this practice. The recommendation that potato growers use subsoil tillage may be linked to increased tuber size distribution or factors other than yield such as water, nutrient, or disease management.
X-ray attenuation coefficients of high-atomic-number, hexanuclear transition metal cluster compounds: a new paradigm for radiographic contrast agents.

Rationale and Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the radiologic attenuation properties of the parent cluster compounds, particularly attenuation as a function of discrete photon energy, before investigating ligand substitutions, which are necessary to improve cluster biocompatibility and to impart desirable physicochemical properties. Materials and Methods. The linear attenuation coefficients for solutions of the cluster compounds Ta6Br14, K8Ta6O19, and (H3O)2W6Cl14 were determined at 60, 80, 103, 122, and 140 keV from gamma-ray transmission measurements with americium-241, xenon-133, gadolinium-153, cobalt-57, and technetium-99m radioactive sources. Transmission measurements were obtained for a fixed time interval that ensured a statistically accurate count distribution exceeding 20,000 counts through the sample for each trial. Results. On a strictly mole per liter basis, a 0.075 mol/L aqueous solution of K8Ta6O19 showed 1.08 times the attenuation of 0.063 mol/L aqueous iohexol at 60 keV and 3.30 times the attenuation at 80 keV. Similarly, a 0.05 mol/L methanolic solution of (H3O)2W6Cl14 showed 0.96 times (96%) the attenuation of 0.063 mol/L aqueous iohexol at 60 keV but 3.09 times the attenuation of the iohexol solution at 80 keV. Attenuations of 0.063 mol/L aqueous iohexol and 0.0125 mol/L Ta6Br14 (ie, at approximately one-fifth the iohexol concentration) were comparable at greater than 60 keV. Conclusion. These results confirm the theoretic potential for use of early transition metal cluster compounds as radiographic contrast agents. At higher x-ray energies, cluster compounds demonstrate multiplied x-ray attenuation relative to iodinated contrast agents.
Bacterial Vaginosis and the Cervicovaginal Immune Response

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive age women around the world and is associated with several poor reproductive health outcomes, including HIV-1 acquisition. One possible mechanism for this association is the inflammatory immune response induced by BV in the cervical and vaginal mucosae. There is significant heterogeneity in reports of markers of cervicovaginal inflammation in women with BV, likely due to microbial and host diversity, as well as differences in study design. In this article, we review the characteristics of the mucosal immune response in BV, the potential role of lactobacilli in modulating that response, and the impact of individual BV-associated bacterial species on mucosal immunity. We focus on inflammatory markers that are proposed to increase the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.
Clever support: efficient support structure generation for digital fabrication

We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The printers need to connect overhangs with the lower parts of the object or the ground in order to print them. Since the support material needs to be printed first and discarded later, optimizing its volume can lead to material and printing time savings. We present a novel, geometry-based approach that minimizes the support material while providing sufficient support. Using our approach, the input 3D model is first oriented into a position with minimal area that requires support. Then the points in this area that require support are detected. For these points the supporting structure is progressively built while attempting to minimize the overall length of the support structure. The resulting structure has a tree-like shape that effectively supports the overhangs. We have tested our algorithm on the MakerBot® Replicator™ 2 printer and we compared our solution to the embedded software solution in this printer and to Autodesk® Meshmixer™ software. Our solution reduced printing time by an average of 29.4% (ranging from 13.9% to 49.5%) and the amount of material by 40.5% (ranging from 24.5% to 68.1%).
Educational expansion and changes in occupational returns to education in Korea

Abstract We use data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) conducted in 1998 by the Korean Labor Institute to examine the school-to-work transition across three labor market entry cohorts of Korean men and women. Taking into account the dramatic expansion of educational system and economic changes Korean society has experienced during the last few decades, we develop hypotheses about possible changes in the effects of educational qualifications on first occupational attainment. We first conduct an OLS regression of first occupational prestige scores on education. We then look at the effects of education on the odds of entering an occupational class using multinomial logit models. The results of the two analyses indicate that educational qualifications strongly affect occupational attainment for both men and women. The effects of education, particularly junior college and university, on first occupation have declined across three labor market cohorts for women but not for men.
Sensitivity of water quality indicators in a large tropical reservoir to selected climate and land‐use changes

This study compared the sensitivity of water quality in tropical Aguamilpa Reservoir, as represented by normalized algae mass and dissolved oxygen, to selected projected changes from global climate change and development. The sensitivity of reservoir stratification as an indicator of reservoir sensitivity also was analysed. Model simulations indicated the reservoir was more sensitive to changes during the warm-dry season than at other times. Both indexes (normalized algal mass and dissolved oxygen mass) were more sensitive to changes in air temperature (climate change) and nitrogen loading (development) than to changes in flow. The sensitivity to air temperature was similar to, but generally less than, the sensitivity to nutrient inflow. At the bounding values for change (3 °C for temperature; 50% increase in nitrogen loading), the algae mass sensitivities were 0.15 mg L−1 per 3 °C and 0.2 mg L−1 per 50% nitrogen load increase, and the dissolved oxygen mass sensitivities were 0.7 mg L−1 per 3 °C and 2.0 mg L−1 per 50% load increase. Changes in air temperature and nitrogen loadings affect the reservoir in different ways, air temperature mostly changing the timing of the algal growth with little change in peak values, while nutrient loadings change the peak values with little change in the timing. While the sensitivities are similar, the total algal mass change is significantly larger for nitrogen loading, compared to air temperature changes. These results imply global climate change effects can be partially mitigated by implementing management measures in the surrounding watersheds to minimize nutrient inflows, especially nitrogen in the case of Aguamilpa Reservoir.
Recognition of human faces from isolated facial features: A developmental study

Identification of a whole from only a part of a visual stimulus was shown to be an age related function in children from age 4½ to 10½. Stimuli were facial photographs of Ss’ classmates, masked to show only limited portions of the face. Several other consistencies of response were also found.
Iliac fixation inhibits migration of both suprarenal and infrarenal aortic endografts.

Objective To evaluate the role of iliac fixation in preventing migration of suprarenal and infrarenal aortic endografts. Methods Quantitative image analysis was performed in 92 patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysms (76 men and 16 women) treated with suprarenal (n = 36) or infrarenal (n = 56) aortic endografts from 2000 to 2004. The longitudinal centerline distance from the superior mesenteric artery to the top of the stent graft was measured on preoperative, postimplantation, and 1-year three-dimensional computed tomographic scans, with movement more than 5 mm considered to be significant. Aortic diameters were measured perpendicular to the centerline axis. Proximal and distal fixation lengths were defined as the lengths of stent-graft apposition to the aortic neck and the common iliac arteries, respectively. Results There were no significant differences in age, comorbidities, or preoperative aneurysm size (suprarenal, 6.0 cm; infrarenal, 5.7 cm) between the suprarenal and infrarenal groups. However, the suprarenal group had less favorable aortic necks with a shorter length (13 vs 25 mm; P P P = .007) compared with the infrarenal group. The proximal aortic fixation length was greater in the suprarenal than in the infrarenal group (22 vs 16 mm; P P P = .8). Longitudinal centerline stent graft movement at 1 year was similar in the suprarenal and infrarenal groups (4.3 ± 4.4 mm vs 4.8 ± 4.3 mm; P = .6). Patients with longitudinal centerline movement of more than 5 mm at 1 year or clinical evidence of migration at any time during the follow-up period comprised the respective migrator groups. Suprarenal migrators had a shorter iliac fixation length (17 vs 29 mm; P = .006) and a similar aortic fixation length (23 vs 22 mm; P > .999) compared with suprarenal nonmigrators. Infrarenal migrators had a shorter iliac fixation length (18 vs 30 mm; P P = .1) compared with infrarenal nonmigrators. Nonmigrators had closer device proximity to the hypogastric arteries in both the suprarenal (7 vs 17 mm; P = .009) and infrarenal (8 vs 24 mm; P P = .004) and the device to hypogastric artery distance ( P = .002), was a significant independent predictor of migration, whereas suprarenal or infrarenal treatment was not a significant predictor of migration. During a clinical follow-up period of 45 ± 22 months (range, 12-70 months), there have been no aneurysm ruptures, abdominal aortic aneurysm–related deaths, or surgical conversions in either group. Conclusions Distal iliac fixation is important in preventing migration of both suprarenal and infrarenal aortic endografts that have longitudinal columnar support. Secure iliac fixation minimizes the risk of migration despite suboptimal proximal aortic neck anatomy. Extension of both iliac limbs to cover the entire common iliac artery to the iliac bifurcation seems to prevent endograft migration.
Race, Slavery, and the Re-evaluation of the T'ang Canon

In his article "Race, Slavery, and the Revaluation of the T'ang Canon" Gregory E. Rutledge re-evaluates—from the purview of African Diaspora literary studies—historiography that considers the place of East African slave lore in T'ang Dynasty fiction. Julie Wilensky's "The Magical Kunlun and 'Devil Slaves': Chinese Perceptions of Dark-skinned People and Africa before 1500" (2002), a revision of Chang Hsing-lang's "The Importation of Negro Slaves to China Under the T'ang Dynasty (A.D. 618907)" (1930), is pivotal since it occupies the nexus between European-American, East-Asian, and African-Diasporic canons and policies. Rutledge situates Wilensky's and Chang's works in the context of Edward W. Said's Orientalism, an essential heurist for understanding Western subjugation of the "Orient." However, in light of Wilensky's and Chang's non-engagement with the vast body of Western research on slavery, Rutledge argues that an older Afro-Orientalist frame is needed to establish an heuristic sensitive to the ancient East African culture and exceptionalism immanent in the stories Wilensky and Chang treat. Gregory E. Rutledge, "Race, Slavery, and the Re-evaluation of the T'ang Canon" page 2 of 11 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 16.6 (2014): Special Issue Western Canons in a Changing East Asia. Ed. Simon C. Estok
Re/dressing histories; or, on re/covering figures who have been laid bare by our gaze

"Women! This coin which men find counterfeit!" laments Euripedes' Hippolytus.' "Why, why, Lord Zeus, did you put them in the world, in the light of the sun? If you were so determined to breed the race of man, the source of it should not have been women" (11.616-20). Phaedra is, as all women, the counterfeit coin. Her exchange rate is never quite legitimate. She is never quite legitimate. As the gold standard is Man, is Truth, Woman never measures up. She is always found lacking Truth-the Truth that is man-and is thus, like Phaedra, a counterfeit coin. But she is a coin imprinted with His signature, bearing His name, nevertheless. With his imprint, Woman's exchange rate is secured. Like a coin, she changes hands-from father to husband.2 Woman, the counterfeit coin, the site of false words and deeds, is inscribed with guilt; indicted with deception, penned as the Unspeakable and Undiscernible Lie, sentenced to silence. Woman is the text that paradoxically cannot speak but nevertheless speaks in its silence. Her silence is the message; it desires to be read. And now we-as historiographers of maleauthored texts concerning women, as "feminists," as proponents of the "Discourses of the Other"-desire to (re)cover and (re)read Phaedra's, Diotima's, Aspasia's silent message.3 But why? What motivates our desire to read these women? What propels our desire to make these women readable? Are we not, perhaps, attempting to reinvest these women with value? Are we not trying to redeem them from charges of counterfeit? Are we not, then, merely making Woman into a legitimate coin, a proper currency, a respectable asset? Are we not, then, merely increasing her exchange rate, but without questioning the very standard-the phallogocentric standard of Truth-that finds her lacking, that is responsible for her devaluation? It is my argument that our attempts to (re)read women, to (re)cover women, to (re)present women, and to therefore (re)cast history, are insidious acts of (re)appropriation. Everyone knows that the exchange rate of a dog of papered lineage-of legitimate birth-is exponentially greater than that of a mongrel. To provide
Phytase and Citric Acid Supplementation in Whole-Wheat Bread Improves Phytate-phosphorus Release and Iron Dialyzability

Conditions were established for maximizing phytate breakdown in whole-wheat flour (wwf) during bread baking and for assessing the effects of dephytinization on dialyzability of intrinsic and added iron in the bread. Three different sources of phytase (Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, and Escherichia coli) with various levels of citric acid (0 to 6.25 g/kg wwf) were used. Supplementing citric acid at 6.25 g/kg wwf enhanced phytate degradation catalyzed by intrinsic phytase from 42% in the untreated bread to 69% (P , 0.05). Supplementation of microbial phytase (285 units/kg) plus 3.125 or 6.25 g citric acid/kg wwf further enhanced phytate reduction up to 85%. Com- pared with the untreated bread, citric acid alone and the combination of citric acid and phytase enhanced total iron dialyzability by 12- and 15-fold, respectively, while the combination of phytase, citric acid, and ascorbic acid
Dual Medicare and Veteran Health Administration use and ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to examine the association between ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations (ACSH) and dual Medicare/Veteran Health Administration use.
Subchronic effects of guar gum in rats

Abstract Male and female Osborne-Mendel rats, approximately 4 wk old, were fed guar gum for 91 days at levels of 0, 1·0, 2·0, 4·0, 7·5 or 15·0% in the diet. Body weights, organ weights, haematology, clinical chemistry and histology were the criteria studied. Guar gum significantly reduced body weights in females of all the treated groups and in males on the 7·5 and 15% dietary levels. Utilization of the gum was poor and, at the 15% level, there was some reduction in bone-marrow cellularity. Serum-glucose values and kidney weights were the only other parameters showing dose-related effects.
A description logic approach for representing engineering design standards

The benefits of building computable declarative models of the provisions of engineering design standards are now well recognized. Various approaches and representations have been proposed over the past two decades for developing such models. These approaches, however, have exhibited limited success outside the research world. In this paper, we address the difficulties of representing the provisions of design standards and present description logic as a viable representation of design standards. Description logic is a knowledge representation paradigm which uses a ‘description language’ to represent knowledge and data and a ‘description classifier’ to make inferences from these descriptions. In this paper, we present the advantages of using description logic for representing engineering knowledge. We discuss how description logic can be used to represent the knowledge contained in engineering design standards and give example provisions of the LRFD and UBC codes modeled in description logic. These examples demonstrate the power of description logic languages as representational tools for engineering knowledge in general and engineering design standards in particular.
White noise analysis of coupled linear-nonlinear systems

We present an asymptotic analysis of two coupled linear-nonlinear systems. Through measuring first and second input-output statistics of the systems in response to white noise input, one can completely characterize the systems and their coupling. The proposed model is similar to a widely used phenomenological model of neurons in response to sensory stimulation and may be used to help characterize neural circuitry in sensory brain regions.
Solid-Phase Epitaxy of Ti-Implanted LiNbO3

The implantation of Ti into LiNbO3 has been studied as a means of altering the optical index of refraction to produce optical waveguides. Implanting 2 × 1017 atoms/cm2 of 360-keV Ti at liquid nitrogen temperature produces a highly damaged region extending to a depth of about 4000 A. Solid-phase epitaxial regrowth of the LiNbO3 can be achieved by annealing in a water-saturated oxygen atmosphere at 400°C, though complete removal of the residual damage usually requires temperatures in excess of 800°C. The solid-phase epitaxial regrowth rate exhibits an activation energy of 2 eV at doses below 3 × 1016 Ti/cm2, but both the regrowth rate and activation energy decrease at higher doses. At doses above 1 × 1017 Ti/cm2, the solid-phase epitaxial regrowth occurs only at temperatures above 800°C.
Calcium-ion movement and contractility in atrial strips of frog heart are not affected by low-frequency-modulated, 1 GHz electromagnetic radiation.

Calcium efflux from electrically stimulated, 45Ca2+-preloaded atrial strips of the frog heart was measured from samples of the rinsing perfusate collected at 2-min intervals for 32 min in a continuous perfusion chamber. Contractile force was simultaneously monitored. The specimen chamber was located in a stripline apparatus in which the atrial strips were exposed for 32 min to constant (CW) or amplitude-modulated (AM), 1 GHz electromagnetic (EM) fields at specific absorption rates (SAR) ranging from 3.2 μW/kg to 1.6 W/kg. Amplitude modulation was either at 0.5 Hz, in synchrony with the electrical stimulus applied to the preparation, or at 16 Hz. Neither unmodulated nor 0.5 Hz or 16 Hz modulated 1 GHz waves affected the movement of calcium ions or the contractile force in isolated atrial strips of the frog heart. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tolerance specification and comparative analysis for computer-integrated dimensional inspection

Abstract Two important issues in the development of a computer-integrated dimensional inspection environment for manufactured parts are described, namely tolerance specification and comparative analysis. These two issues are related directly and therefore, should be addressed together. For supporting the computer-integrated dimensional inspection, a geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) specification module and a comparative analysis module are developed and integrated with CATTA of the IBM CAD/CAM system. The proposed specification module supports ISO and ANSI geometric tolerances and allows multiple tolerance assignments on each single feature as well as on a group of same pattern features. Using this specification module, various tolerance information can be directly specified to the 3D CAD model of a part and can be used to support the subsequent planning and operation for manfacturing and inspection. The comparative analysis module is created to work with the GD&T module for constructing datu...
5-HT1B/D receptor agonist, SKF99101H, induces locomotor hyperactivity in the guinea pig

Abstract Previous studies in guinea pigs have shown that while a serotonin 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist, GR46611, does not induce locomotor activation when given alone, it markedly enhances the locomotor response to selective 5-HT1A receptor agonists, 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone. In these studies, we found that another 5-HT1B/D agonist, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-4-chloro-5-propoxyindole hemifumarate (SKF99101H), significantly elevated locomotor activity in guinea pigs when given alone. We assessed the relative contribution of 5-HT11A and 5-HT1B/D receptors in the mediation of this effect. Activity was measured by photobeam interrupts in opaque Perspex cylinders linked to a computer. SKF99101H (20 mg/kg s.c.) significantly increased the locomotor activity in guinea pigs. The locomotor stimulant effect of SKF99101H (20 mg/kg s.c) was reversed by the selective 5-HT1B/D receptor antagonist N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2′-methyl-4′-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)[1,1biphenyl]4-carboxamide (GR127935; 0.06–0.25 mg/kg s.c.). The 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride (WAY100635; 0.05–0.25 mg/kg s.c.), slightly but significantly attenuated the hyperactivity induced by SKF99101H. These findings suggest that 5-HT1B/D receptor agonists may require concomitant activation of 5-HT1A receptors to induce locomotor activity in guinea pigs. The 5-HT2A receptor antagonist 6[2-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylene]-1-piperidinyl]-ethyl]-7-methyl-5H-thiazol[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one (ritanserin) had no effect on SKF99101H-induced hyperactivity, suggesting that these receptors are not involved in the mediation of SKF99101H-induced hyperactivity. SKF99101H-induced hyperactivity was significantly attenuated by the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.005–025 mg/kg), but not by the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride (0.25–1.0 mg/kg), possibly suggesting the selective involvement of D1 dopaminergic receptors in the mediation of the stimulant actions of the 5-HT1B/D agonist.
The collateral origin of a transient cerebrocerebellar pathway in kittens. A study using fluorescent double-labeling techniques

A transient pathway from the sensorimotor neocortex to the cerebellum recently has been described in the kitten which appears late in the first postnatal week, develops maximally at days 9 and 10 and then gradually disappears. The transience of this pathway has been investigated in the present study using the retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes. In one set of experiments Fast Blue was injected into the caudal medulla of neonatal kittens while Nuclear Yellow was injected into the opposite cerebellum 3-10 days later. Neurons labeled with Fast Blue were found bilaterally throughout lamina V of the frontoparietal cortex. Neurons labeled with Nuclear Yellow also were found in lamina V. However, their distribution was predominantly ipsilateral to the cerebellar injection and generally was limited to the anterior and posterior sigmoid gyri, and the coronal gyrus. Most importantly, many neurons were labeled with both dyes, indicating that at least part of the transient cerebrocerebellar projection is derived from collateral branches of corticobulbar axons. A second set of experiments was done to determine if the transience of the cerebrocerebellar pathway is due to a retraction of collaterals of corticofugal axons or due to the death of the cortical neurons themselves. In these experiments True Blue was injected into the cerebella of kittens 8-10 days after birth and allowed to survive for 40-75 days. No neurons were labeled with True Blue in the frontoparietal cortex, although numerous neurons were labeled in the precerebellar nuclei of the brainstem. In a control set of experiments, True Blue was injected into the caudal medulla in animals at 7 postnatal days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Overlap of Bounce Resonances and the Motion of Ions in a Trapped-Ion Mode

Motion near a separatrix (the boundary between closed and open orbits) is studied both theoretically and numerically for parameters appropriate to the dissipative trapped-ion mode. I observe disappearance of an invariant in a stochastic layer surrounding the separatrix, as a result of overlapping bounce resonances. The fraction of ions lying within the stochastic layer is large even for a mode of relatively small amplitude.
Identification of macroscopic process observables for thin-film growth

We identify a minimum set of "coarse" spatially invariant parameters that accurately describe the dominant behavior of the deposition surface during thin-film growth under adsorption and surface diffusion. We demonstrate, through kMC simulations, that different deposition surfaces constructed through a stochastic reconstruction procedure, with identical values for these parameters, exhibit approximately identical "coarse" dynamic behavior. These parameters can be subsequently employed to develop low-order state-space models for controller synthesis and optimization as an alternative to computationally expensive kMC simulations.
Understanding the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Mandatory Reporting Law

Intimate partner violence is a pervasive, complex problem affecting the lives and health of a large percentage of women and children. This report provides data from an evaluation designed to address questions and concerns expressed about possible unintended effects of the mandatory reporting law on victims. Case reviews were completed on 631 adult protective service cases resulting from reports of intimate partner violence. Results indicate that following a report of suspected intimate partner violence made under Kentucky mandatory reporting law, all victims who could be located received at a minimum safety planning and information about community resources. Regardless of official case status, nearly half of all cases received services.
Adherens junction function and regulation during zebrafish gastrulation

The adherens junction (AJ) comprises multi-protein complexes required for cell-cell adhesion in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in key proteins and mis-regulation of AJ adhesive properties can lead to pathologies such as cancer. In recent years, the zebrafish has become an excellent model organism to integrate cell biology in the context of a multicellular organization. The combination of classical genetic approaches with new tools for live imaging and biophysical approaches has revealed new aspects of AJ biology, particularly during zebrafish gastrulation. These studies have resulted in progress in understanding the relationship between cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and plasma membrane blebbing.
Immunotherapy of Brain Cancers: The Past, the Present, and Future Directions

Treatment of brain cancers, especially high grade gliomas (WHO stage III and IV) is slowly making progress, but not as fast as medical researchers and the patients would like. Immunotherapy offers the opportunity to allow the patient's own immune system a chance to help eliminate the cancer. Immunotherapy's strength is that it efficiently treats relatively small tumors in experimental animal models. For some patients, immunotherapy has worked for them while not showing long-term toxicity. In this paper, we will trace the history of immunotherapy for brain cancers. We will also highlight some of the possible directions that this field may be taking in the immediate future for improving this therapeutic option.
A Structural Hinge in Eukaryotic MutY Homologues Mediates Catalytic Activity and Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 Checkpoint Complex Interactions

Abstract The DNA glycosylase MutY homologue (MYH or MUTYH) removes adenines misincorporated opposite 8-oxoguanine as part of the base excision repair pathway. Importantly, defects in human MYH (hMYH) activity cause the inherited colorectal cancer syndrome MYH-associated polyposis. A key feature of MYH activity is its coordination with cell cycle checkpoint via interaction with the Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 (9-1-1) complex. The 9-1-1 complex facilitates cell cycle checkpoint activity and coordinates this activity with ongoing DNA repair. The interdomain connector (IDC, residues 295–350) between the catalytic domain and the 8-oxoguanine recognition domain of hMYH is a critical element that maintains interactions with the 9-1-1 complex. We report the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic MutY protein, a fragment of hMYH (residues 65–350) that consists of the catalytic domain and the IDC. Our structure reveals that the IDC adopts a stabilized conformation projecting away from the catalytic domain to form a docking scaffold for 9-1-1. We further examined the role of the IDC using Schizosaccharomyces pombe MYH as model system. In vitro studies of S. pombe MYH identified residues I261 and E262 of the IDC (equivalent to V315 and E316 of the hMYH IDC) as critical for maintaining the MYH/9-1-1 interaction. We determined that the eukaryotic IDC is also required for DNA damage selection and robust enzymatic activity. Our studies also provide the first evidence that disruption of the MYH/9-1-1 interaction diminishes the repair of oxidative DNA damage in vivo. Thus, preserving the MYH/9-1-1 interaction contributes significantly to minimizing the mutagenic potential of oxidative DNA damage.
p23/Tmp21 Associates with Protein Kinase Cδ (PKCδ) and Modulates Its Apoptotic Function

There is emerging evidence that C1 domains, motifs originally identified in PKC isozymes and responsible for binding of phorbol esters and diacylglycerol, interact with the Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum protein p23 (Tmp21). In this study, we investigated whether PKCδ, a kinase widely implicated in apoptosis and inhibition of cell cycle progression, associates with p23 and determined the potential functional implications of this interaction. Using a yeast two-hybrid approach, we found that the PKCδ C1b domain associates with p23 and identified two key residues (Asp245 and Met266) implicated in this interaction. Interestingly, silencing p23 from LNCaP prostate cancer cells using RNAi markedly enhanced PKCδ-dependent apoptosis and activation of PKCδ downstream effectors ROCK and JNK by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Moreover, translocation of PKCδ to the plasma membrane by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was enhanced in p23-depleted LNCaP cells. Notably, a PKCδ mutant that failed to interact with p23 triggered a strong apoptotic response when expressed in LNCaP cells. In summary, our data compellingly support the concept that C1 domains have dual roles both in lipid and protein associations and provide strong evidence that p23 acts as an anchoring protein that retains PKCδ at the perinuclear region, thus limiting the availability of this kinase for activation in response to stimuli.
Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a new method of high resolution imaging, has shown feasibility for assessing articular cartilage to identify early changes in osteoarthritis (OA) and monitor therapy. OCT is analogous to ultrasound, measuring the intensity of backreflected infrared light rather than sound. The resolution of this technology is up to 25 times higher than existing methods. We investigated the correlation between changes observed by OCT and the degree of collagen organization in OA cartilage. METHODS: Polarization sensitive OCT (PSOCT) imaging was used to assess changes in cartilage collagen organization in vitro. RESULTS: The presence (or absence) of PSOCT changes correlated with collagen organization (or disorganization) on histology as assessed by picrosirius polarization microscopy (no significant difference). In multiple cases, cartilage was abnormal by both PSOCT and polarization microscopy, but was grossly normal by routine staining, showing cartilage thickness > 2 mm and no fibrillations. CONCLUSION: This in vitro study suggests PSOCT changes in cartilage are due to the state of collagen organization. The combination of high resolution structural imaging and birefringence detection make OCT a potentially powerful technology for early assessment of OA.
Prephonatory laryngeal and chest wall dynamics.

The timing of prephonatory movements of the larynx, rib cage, and abdomen was examined in order to gain insight into the contribution of the vocal folds to the posturing of the chest wall. A simple...