cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical Techniques: 16-Dot Procedure for Penile Curvature

Management of patient expectations in correcting penile curvature is paramount. As in other plication-based therapies, penile length already lost to underlying disease cannot be reclaimed. Additionally, indentations or hourglass deformities cannot be corrected with this technique. There are, however, some very compelling advantages to this procedure. It may be performed under a local anesthetic, there is essentially no risk of de novo erectile dysfunction, and it can often be performed using a longitudinal incision, which is particularly helpful in an uncircumcised patient wishing to retain his prepuce. Before surgery, it is important to try to get an objective view of the penile deformity, conducted by patient self-photography or with a pharmacologic injection in clinic, although both methods have disadvantages. When the patient is brought to the operating room, he is injected with 60-mg papavarine to induce erection. Pharmacologic erection is preferable to saline infusion, because the compression on the corpora cavernosa necessary for saline infusion often masks the full proximal extent of the curvature. © 2007 International Society for Sexual Medicine
The Finite Element Method in Viscous Incompressible Flows

My “assignment” from the conference organizers was to prepare an overview and/or tutorial lecture on the subject in the title. I chose to emphasize “tutorial” and in a way that I believe is useful; i.e., it is not a survey of the field nor of its historical development.
DNA-based fixed gain amplifiers and linear classifier circuits

DNA catalysts have been developed as methods of amplifying single-stranded nucleic acid signals. The maximum turnover (gain) of these systems, however, often varies based on strand and complex purities, and has so far not been well-controlled. Here we introduce methods for controlling the asymptotic turnover of strand displacement-based DNA catalysts and show how these could be used to construct linear classifier systems.
Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Turnover: A National Study

A national study found similarities in levels of job satisfaction, burnout, and intent to change jobs among child welfare, community mental health, and family service workers, although the determinants varied by field of practice. The data suggest that a universal approach aimed at increasing job satisfaction and reducing burnout is likely to be of minimal value; interventions must be conducted within each setting and must attend to the idiosyncracies of each group.
Determination of monod kinetic coefficients for volatile hydrophobic organic compounds

A new procedure is presented to determine Monod kinetic coefficients and the microbial yield coefficient for volatile hydrophobic compounds such as phenanthrene. Batch experiments were conducted with a mixed culture capable of degrading phenanthrene. The phenanthrene disappearance and carbon dioxide production were monitored with time. A maximum likelihood estimator was formulated to fit the set of equations that describe the system to the measured data. The model takes into account a number of processes such as partition onto the apparatus, volatilization, and partition onto the biomass. The parameters required to describe these processes were obtained by independent experiments. The yield coefficient could be determined within a small range. However, the specific growth rate and the half-saturation constant were found to vary widely, with pairs of them describing the system adequately. It was shown that partition and volatilization processes can significantly affect the determination of the yield and Monod kinetic coefficients and need to be taken into account.
The ACTA Scanner

Due to circumstances beyond his con trol, Dr. Ledley could not be here. My name is William Kiker. I am Head, Radiological Physics Division, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. I am also an informal consultant in radiation physics to Dr. Ledley's institute.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Abstract 788: Uptake and cross-presentation of the leukemia associated antigens neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase-3 (P3) increases susceptibility of solid tumors to PR1-targeted immunotherapy

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL We have shown that the HLA-A2-restricted nonapeptide PR1 (VLQELNVTV) is a leukemia-associated peptide derived from P3 and NE. Furthermore, immunologic and clinical responses to PR1 peptide vaccination occur in patients with acute (AML), chronic (CML) myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. We have also shown that PR1 expression results from NE and P3 cross-presentation by B-cells and dendritic cells. Because NE and P3 are present in lung and breast cancer tumor tissue, we investigated whether uptake of NE and P3 might result in PR1 expression on solid tumors, which could induce susceptibility of non-hematopoietic tumors to PR1-targeted immunotherapy. We studied melanoma, breast, ovarian and lung cancer cell lines to determine whether NE and P3 are cross-presented. Using flow cytometry, we show that numerous malignant cell lines take up 5 to 10 °g/ml of soluble NE and P3 and was dose- and time-dependent, consistent with a receptor-mediated mechanism. In addition to soluble NE and P3, uptake of granulocyte-associated NE and P3 was also demonstrated; however, uptake of soluble NE and P3 were 3- and 2-fold higher, when compared to granulocyte-associated proteins. Within 4 hours of uptake, confocal microscopy showed that soluble P3 localized to endosomes and lysosomes, suggesting the possibility of lysosomal degradation of P3, a common pathway for MHC-I processing of cross-presented proteins. With the use of 8F4, a monoclonal antibody that is specific for a PR1/HLA-A2 conformational epitope, we show that PR1/HLA-A2 is expressed by 12-hours on P3- and NE-pulsed HLA-A2+ melanoma and breast cancer cell lines. Because 8F4 mediates complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of AML, we studied whether PR1 expression induced susceptibility of P3- and NE-pulsed tumor cells to killing by 8F4 and PR1-CTL. Twelve hours after pulsing the HLA-A2+ breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-231 with P3 or NE, up to 40% and 60% of pulsed breast cancer cells were lysed by PR1-CTL and 8F4, respectively. We conclude that PR1 is cross-presented by solid tumors following receptor-mediated uptake of soluble NE and P3 at concentrations observed in tumors and inflammatory sites. Importantly, this cross-presentation increased susceptibility of embryological distinct tumors to PR1-specific immunotherapy. Together, these data suggest that cross-presentation of extracellular inflammatory proteins that are normally not expressed in the tumor may be a mechanism shared by many tumors, which could be exploited by immunotherapy strategies targeting these proteins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 788. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-788
Absolute Judgments Are Relative: A Reinterpretation of Some Psychophysical Ideas

A central theoretical assumption in classical psychophysics is that people judge the intensities of stimulus elements; for example, observers directly report the loudness of a tone or the intensity...
Existence of multidimensional traveling waves in the transport of reactive solutes through periodic porous media

We prove the existence of multidimensional traveling-wave solutions to the scalar equation for the transport of solutes (contaminants) with nonlinear adsorption and spatially periodic convection-diffusion-adsorption coefficients under the assumption that the nonlinear adsorption function satisfies the Lax and Oleinik entropy conditions. In the nondegenerate case, we also prove the uniqueness of the traveling waves. These traveling waves are analogues of viscous shock profiles. They propagate with effective speeds that depend on the periodic porous media only up to their mean states, and are given by an averaged Rankine-Hugoniot relation. This is a direct consequence of the fact that the transport equation is in conservation form. We use the sliding domain method, the continuation method, spectral theory, maximum principles, and a priori estimates. In the degenerate case, the traveling waves are weak solutions of a degenerate parabolic equation and are only Holder continuous. We obtain them by taking suitable limits on the non-degenerate traveling waves. The uniqueness of the degenerate traveling waves is open.
Ascorbic acid interference with estimation of β-glucosaminidase activity

Abstract Study of the interaction of ascorbic acid with β- N -acetylglucosaminidase obtained from cultured human dermal fibroblasts demonstrated that ascorbate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme. When the substrate, p -nitrophenyl N -acetyl-β-glucosaminide, was incubated in the presence of ascorbate in concentrations above 10 μg/ml with no enzyme present, a chromogen with maximal absorbance at 376 mμ was released. The p -nitrophenol released by the enzyme as well as pure p -nitrophenol absorbs light maximally at 400 mμ. Nonenzymic cleavage of the glycosidic linkage of the substrate by ascorbic acid is postulated. Preincubation with active or heat-denatured enzyme reduced the ability of ascorbate to hydrolyze the substrate but did not influence its ability to inhibit the enzyme at the concentrations studied.
A novel evolutionary algorithm for identifying multiple alternative solutions in model updating

This article proposes an evolutionary algorithm that is able to identify both global and local minima. This is accomplished by including two new operators to a traditional steady-state genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a single population in contrast to other evolutionary algorithms available in the literature. The algorithm is used to update a model of a structural system and provide the analyst with different plausible solutions for the updated models. Model updating techniques are used to enhance the behavior of numerical models of existing structures based on experimental data. Although the optimal updated model corresponds to the global minimum of the objective function, the model with the best physical representation of the structure could be a local minimum because of modeling errors, noise in the experimental data, errors in the extraction of system features from the experimental data and limited number sensors, among other factors. The evolutionary algorithm proposed in this article ...
Reduced variational space analysis of methane adducts

The bonding forces in methane adducts of d0 transition metal complexes were investigated using the reduced variational space technique. The main contributions to the methane binding energy, ΔEadd, were found to be the Coulomb and exchange energy (CEX), charge transfer from methane to the metal complex (CT2→1), and polarization of methane (POL2). CT2→1 and POL2 were exothermic while CEX was endothermic. The RVS analysis suggested that trends in ΔEadd are primarily determined by CT2→1.
Effects of Indoor Residence on Radiation Doses from Routine Releases of Radionuclides to the Atmosphere

Dose reduction factors from indoor residence during routine releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere were studied using models that are suitable for application to arbitrary source terms. Dose reduction factors for internal exposure to inhaled radionuclides account for air ventilation and deposition on inside building surfaces. Estimated internal dose reduction factors are approx. 0.2 to 0.8 for particulates and 0.07 to 0.4 for radioiodine. Dose reduction factors for external photon exposure from airborne and surface-deposited sources are based on the point-kernel integration method. Values for source terms from a fuel reprocessing plant and a hypothetical reactor accident are within a factor of 2 of the value 0.5 adopted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for population dose assessments. For the release at Three Mile Island nuclear station, however, the external dose reduction factor may be an order of magnitude less than the value adopted by the NRC.
Hypoxia following interscalene block.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Interscalene brachial plexus block is often used for surgeries involving the shoulder and upper arm. Known complications include phrenic nerve paralysis, intravascular injection, and cervical epidural block. We report a patient who developed acute hypoxia immediately following this block, presumably secondary to an acute pulmonary thromboembolus (PTE) coupled with phrenic nerve paralysis. Case Report: A 43-year-old man with end-stage renal disease secondary to hypertension was scheduled for primary placement of a left upper extremity arteriovenous fistula. A technically unremarkable interscalene brachial plexus block was performed using a 22-gauge regional block needle and 35 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine. Immediately following injection, the patient's oxygen saturation decreased from 99% to 85%, and he complained of chest pain and shortness of breath and developed hemoptysis. Workup revealed an elevated hemidiaphram, but no pneumothorax or evidence of local trauma. A spiral computed tomogram (CT) suggested acute pulmonary thromboemboli as the etiology of the hypoxia and hemoptysis, although the diagnosis was uncertain. Conclusions: This case report suggests that manipulations and vasodilation related to an interscalene block may have facilitated the dislodgement of a pre-existing upper extremity thrombus. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002;27:94-96.
Multivariate survivorship analysis using two cross-sectional samples

As an alternative to survival analysis with longitudinal data, I introduce a method that can be applied when one observes the same cohort in two cross-sectional samples collected at different points in time. The method allows for the estimation of log-probability survivorship models that estimate the influence of multiple time-invariant factors on survival over a time interval separating two samples. This approach can be used whenever the survival process can be adequately conceptualized as an irreversible single-decrement process (e.g., mortality, the transition to first marriage among a cohort of never-married individuals). Using data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (Ruggles and Sobek 1997), I illustrate the multivariate method through an investigation of the effects of race, parity, and educational attainment on the survival of older women in the United States.
Parental contributions, school‐level finances and decentralization: an analysis of Nicaraguan autonomous school budgets

The Nicaraguan Autonomous School Programme is notable among the growing number of school governance decentralization reforms in the Americas in the degree of control given to parents, especially in decisions regarding the allocation of school resources. Much of schools’ discretionary spending was accumulated through various school charges. This paper analyses rare school‐level budget data to determine the proportion of resources that derived from parental contributions and other school‐based commercial activity. We find the contributions to be significant, highly varied, and correlated with income. The results have implications for many decentralization reforms that encourage local contributions as part of both their financing and accountability strategies.
Examining the development of pharmacist-physician collaboration over 3 months

Abstract Background Pharmacist-physician collaboration may result in improved patient care. The model of collaborative working relationship (CWR) synthesizes such collaboration into 5 progressive stages, which are impacted by individual, context, and exchange characteristics; however, no study has demonstrated how to distinguish the 5 collaborative stages. Objective Using CWR, the study objective was to identify factors associated with pharmacist-physician collaboration at baseline and at 3 months. Methods This study consisted of 2 self-administered surveys mailed to a random sample of 750 Iowa pharmacists. The first survey assessed collaborative care at baseline and individual, context, and exchange characteristics. The second survey assessed collaborative care 3 months later. The measures for CWR constructs were modified from previously validated instruments. Individual characteristics; context characteristics, including practice setting, professional interaction, current collaboration status (yes/no); and exchange characteristics, including relationship initiation, trustworthiness, and role specification were obtained. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and bivariate correlations were performed. Two regressions were conducted, wherein collaborative care at baseline and at 3 months were regressed over relationship initiation, trustworthiness, role specification, professional interaction, current collaboration, practice setting, and physician specialty, wherein the data for independent variables collected at baseline were used in both regression procedures. Results Response rates were 33% (n = 239) and 79% (n = 188) for the first and second surveys, respectively. In the regression analyses, 85% and 35% of the variance in collaborative care at baseline and at 3 months, respectively, were explained. Trustworthiness and role specification were 2 predictors of collaborative care at baseline, and trustworthiness and professional interaction were 2 predictors of collaborative care at 3 months. Conclusions Different factors were associated with collaborative care at different study times, which support a dynamic model of CWR.
Anisotropic inverse problems for quasilinear elliptic equations

In this paper we discuss inverse boundary value problems for quasilinear elliptic equations in connection with the nonlinear conductivity problem and inverse problems in nonlinear material sciences.
Living Martyrs: Individuals and Revolution in Nepal

This book details the life experiences of two important Nepalese, Tanka Prasad Acharya and his wife Rewanta Kumari. It is the story of his campaign against the autocratic Rana regime and for the cause of democracy in Nepal. It is also Rewanta Kumari's story who aided her husband and bravely kept the family together during the years of oppression. This book is intended for scholars and students of social anthropology, sociology, politics and history of South Asia, particularly Nepal.
One approach to the control of uncertain dynamical systems

We present a controller design methodology for uncertain systems which is based on the constructive use of Lyapunov stability theory. The uncertainties, which are deterministic, are characterized by certain structural conditions and known as well as unknown bounds. As a consequence of the Lyapunov approach, the methodology is not restricted to linear or time-invariant systems. The robustness of these controllers in the presence of singular perturbations is considered. The situation in which the full state of the system is not available for measurement is also considered as are other generalizations.
Localization of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

The site of urinary tract infection (UTI) was localized in asymptomatic bacteriuric patients with spinal cord injury who underwent intermittent bladder catheterization by the bladder washout (BWO) test, antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test, quantitative urinary leukocyte count, ultrasonography, and excretory urography. Thirty-two (43%) of 74 UTIs were localized by BWO to the upper tract and 42 (57%) to the lower tract. Sensitivity of the ACB test in detecting upper UTI as defined by BWO was 0.28, and specificity was 0.86. The median urinary leukocyte count in 22 BWO-positive infections tested was 420 vs. 94 in 24 BWO-negative infections (P = .01). Patients with polymicrobic infections or with upper tract abnormalities, as detected by ultrasound or excretory urography, were more likely to have BWO-positive infections. We conclude that negative BWOs are usually associated with negative ACB tests in this population, but further comparisons of both tests with ureteral catheterization are needed to clarify the meaning of results in either assay.
Structure and Organization of Amplified DNA on Double Minutes Containing the mdm2 Oncogene

We have been studying a transformed derivative of a mouse fibroblast line (3T3DM) that stably maintains double minute chromosomes (DMs). In this report we describe a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the DMs within this cell line, utilizing a combination of long-range mapping via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, screening of DM-enriched genomic libraries, and DM sizing using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis. Our data indicate that the minute particles in these cells exist as a homogeneous population of circular molecules, roughly 4 Mb in size, upon which three genes are amplified. One of these is the mdm2 oncogene, which has also been found to be amplified in a number of human sarcomas. Further, we present evidence that these three genes are arranged as two identical inverted repeat units linked by spacer regions of heterogeneous size. This work has led to the first model for the structure of an entire double minute particle containing an amplified oncogene; this model provides clues to later events occurring in the gene amplification process in tumor cells.
Differential construct validity of intelligence as popularly measured: Correlations of age with raw scores on the WISC-R for Blacks Whites, males, and females

Abstract Raw scores on the 12 WISC-R subtests and the verbal, performance, and full scale IQ scales were correlated with age in years separately for 938 White males, 137 Black males, 927 White females, and 153 Black females. Highest and lowest correlations from the four groups were then contrasted for each of the 15 WISC-R variables to determine whether the magnitude of the relationship between age and performance on current tests of intelligence is constant across race and sex. Regression coefficients between age and raw scores were also contrasted across groups. None of the 15 comparisons of corrections yielded differences that were statistically significant. Regression coefficients differed only with respect to the Full Scale IQ, showing smaller incremental changes with age for Black males than for other groups. The results indicated that the relationship between age and intelligence test performance is relatively constant across race and sex and supports the construct validity of the WISC-R as a measure of children's intelligence for Blacks, Whites, males, and females, though some evidence was found to indicate slower development of “g” in Black males as compared to the other groups.
Patterns in the Distribution of Two Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in Two Soybean Agroecosytems

We studied the distribution of 2 wolf spider species in 2 soybean, Glycine max (L.), agroecosystems in southwestern Ohio, USA. We used replicated 0.42-ha soybean fields maintained under 2 different tillage regimes (conservation tillage and conventional tillage) and 2 wolf spider species [ Hogna helluo (Walckenaer) and Pardosa milvina Hentz]. We censused the spiders over 4 field seasons (1994–1997) and found a tendency for there to be more of both species in the conservation tillage plots, although this difference was not statistically significant in most years. There were also more P. milvina than H. helluo on most census dates. P. milvina had 2 population peaks in the years we censused for the whole season (1995–1997), which may be explained by a bivoltine life cycle in the fields. We also found that the conservation-tilled fields had more vegetative debris on the soil surface and more standing weeds than the conventionally tilled fields. The conservation-tilled fields also had a greater prey biomass than the tilled fields overall. These differences in habitat structure and prey availability were positively correlated with differences in the abundances of the 2 wolf spider species. The results of substratum-choice experiments conducted in the field and laboratory indicate that the greater vegetative debris on the soil surface in the conservation tillage fields may explain the greater densities of both species in these fields.
Organochlorine pesticides in the tissues of the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) (Waldbaum).

The abdominal fat of adult barracuda caught in Florida waters was analyzed for organochlorine pesticides. Of a total of 281 fish, 63 % had 5 to 760 g abdominal fat. The fat of 96 % of these fish contained DDT or one of its isomers or metabolites. Except for the smallest and largest fish, the ratio of “total” DDT in fat to kg body weight remained constant (0.08 to 0.11 mg/kg). During the spawning season, in addition to fat, certain organs and tissues of these fish were also analyzed. The highest pesticide concentrations were found in the fat. Assigning to the concentration of “total” DDT in abdominal fat a value of 10, the rating for the concentration of “total” DDT in the liver becomes approximately 1.1, in the pyloric cecum 1, in flesh 0.7, and for the fully developed gonads 0.5. It seems unlikely that larval barracuda are affected unfavorably by these low concentrations of DDT unless they are exceedingly sensitive to this compound. Since the quantity of abdominal fat and tissue pesticide concentrations were highest at the beginning and lowest during the height and end of the spawning season (and if this should apply to other fish species), then it can be concluded that spot-checking fish tissues for pesticides once or twice a year, more likely than not, provides misleading information with regard to pollution. Tissues and flesh of all barracuda were fed to cats, with no symptoms of ciguatera.
A Numerical Investigation of Certain Features of the General Circulation

The space variables of a two-layer, quasi-geostrophic model, which includes non-adiabatic terms and a variable static stability, are expanded in a few leading terms of a spherical harmonic series. The terms are chosen to specify a zonal current with a belt of easterlies and westerlies, and a single baroclinic wave. These expansions are used to transform the equations of the model into a set of thirteen ordinary differential equations. Numerical experiments have been carried out with this system for different wave lengths of disturbance and different levels of heating contrast. The solutions indicate that the system combines many effects noted in the “dishpan” experiments and theoretical stability studies of large-scale motions. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1959.tb00017.x
Introducing medical students to radiology as paid emergency department triage assistants.

Purpose The aim of this report is to provide a detailed description of a program employing medical students to assist with triaging off-hour diagnostic imaging studies at a major academic medical center. Methods Current and former participants of the Medical student Emergency Department (ED) Radiology Triage Program were interviewed regarding the inception, development, and impact of this program. Student participation and triage activities were compiled and tabulated from scheduling records and triage assistant call logs. Results Opportunities for medical students to obtain an intensive, well-organized experience in radiology are often absent or occur relatively late during medical school, which can be problematic for developing basic imaging literacy and for making timely, well-informed decisions regarding radiology as a career path. The authors describe a program that provides students with a rigorous, hands-on experience in radiology relatively early in their training by employing medical students to assist the emergency department radiology staff with managing off-hour radiology workflow. Students work with the off-hour emergency department radiologists and staff members answering phone calls and help to facilitate the ordering and protocoling of studies and the dissemination of results to clinicians. Conclusions The employment of medical student triage assistants provides in-depth exposure to clinical radiology relatively early in medical school, while providing an effective system to help streamline the off-hour workflow for attending radiologists, residents, technicians, and support staff members.
What are “Things” Saying in Renaissance Studies?

This essay takes up the recent turn to “things” in Renaissance literary studies and attempts to adjudicate the kinds of advances this turn might offer beyond the New Historicist project of the 1980s and 1990s. Offering thumbnail sketches of key contributions by variously Marxist or materialist critics and also by the eclectic group of approaches that name themselves “historical phenomenology,” it argues that the new volubility of “things” in our discipline augurs a return to the urgent theoretical questions of the early 1980s on the interrelation between form and history. In order to keep this field of possibilities open to further experimentation, the essay concludes by introducing readers to two theorists whose work shapes the current conversation, anthropologist William Pietz and sociologist of science Bruno Latour, and suggests some ways in which their work might further be used by literary critics and historians.
Cotton “Overproduction” in Late Nineteenth-Century Southern Agriculture

No source of agricultural distress in the post-bellum South was more frequently alluded to by nineteenth-century observers than the “overproduction” of cotton. The anonymous author of the opening quotation was merely expressing, in characteristically metaphorical terms, a widely-held view that was to persist for years among southern reformers. Even writers who conceded the peculiar advantages for cotton culture derived from the South's climate and soils often argued nevertheless that crop diversification was the order of the day.
Coronary vascular responses to stimulation of chemoreceptors and baroreceptors: evidence for reflex activation of vagal cholinergic innervation.

Coronary vascular responses to stimulation of chemoreceptors were studied in anesthetized, artificially ventilated dogs. The circumflex coronary artery was perfused at constant flow so that changes in perfusion pressure reflected changes in coronary resistance. Practolol, a myocardioselective beta-receptor antagonist, and pacing were used to minimize indirect effects of myocardial responses on coronary resistance. Carotid and aortic injections of nicotine produced decreases in coronary perfusion pressure averaging -21 mm Hg and -22 mm Hg, respectively. Decreases with carotid and aortic injections of cyanide averaged -8 mm Hg and -17 mm Hg, respectively. These coronary dilator responses were abolished by bilateral vagotomy or atropine. Changes in perfusion pressure with carotid injections of nicotine averaged +3 mm Hg after vagotomy and +2 mm Hg after administration of atropine. The coronary dilator responses to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were accompanied by increases in coronary sinus Po2 in five s...
What is in a name? Oral and maxillofacial surgeon versus oral surgeon.

Purpose In 1975, the American Society of Oral Surgeons officially changed its name to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. This change was intended to address the specialty's expanding surgical scope. However, today, many health care professionals continue to use the term oral surgeon . This study was undertaken to determine if students' perception of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon's (OMS) surgical scope would change when oral and maxillofacial surgeon was used instead of oral surgeon . Material and Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed undergraduate and dental students' choice of specialist to treat 21 different conditions. The independent variable was the specialty term ( oral and maxillofacial surgeon vs oral surgeon ). The dependent variables were specialists chosen for the procedure (ear, nose, and throat surgeon; plastic surgeon; OMS or oral surgeon; periodontist; other). The test of proportions ( z test) with the Yates correction was performed for data analysis. Results Of the 280 senior dental students who were surveyed, 258 surveys were included in the study. Dental students' perception of the OMS's surgical scope increased significantly from 51% to 55% when oral and maxillofacial surgeon was used instead of oral surgeon . Of the 530 undergraduate upper division science students who were surveyed, 488 surveys were included in the study. Undergraduate upper division science students' perception of the OMS's surgical scope increased significantly from 23% to 31% when oral and maxillofacial surgeon was used as an option instead of oral surgeon . Conclusion The use of oral and maxillofacial surgeon increased students' perception of the OMS's surgical scope. This study also suggested that students were not fully aware of the magnitude of the OMS's scope of practice. The current dichotomy and inconsistent use of the specialty's official term adds to the confusion and to misunderstanding. Therefore, OMSs should universally refer to themselves as oral and maxillofacial surgeons and help educate others of their scope.
A new technique for predicting the snatch force generated during lines-first deployment of an aerodynamic decelerator

Snatch force during lines-first deployment of aerodynamic decelerator, including effects of canopy skirt acceleration and suspension wave propagation characteristics
Effects of CO2 enrichment, nutrient addition, and fungal endophyte-infection on the growth of two grasses

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is expected to increase plant productivity and alter plant/plant interactions, but little is known about its effects on symbiotic interactions with microorganisms. Interactions between perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne (a C3 plant), and purpletop grass, Tridens flavus (a C4 plant), and their clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes (Acremonium lolii and Balansia epichloe, respectively) were investigated by growing the grasses under 350 and 650 μl l- 1 CO2 at two nutrient levels. Infected and uninfected perennial ryegrass responded with increased growth to both CO2 enrichment and nutrient addition. Biomass and leaf area of infected and uninfected plants responded similarly to CO2 enrichment. When growth analysis parameters were calculated, there were significant increases in relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of infected plants compared to uninfected plants, although the differences remained constant across CO2 and nutrient treatments. Growth of purpletop grass did not increase with CO2 enrichment or nutrient addition and there were no significant differences between infected and uninfected plants. CO2 enrichment did not alter the interactions between these two host grasses and their endophytic-fungal symbionts.
Assimilation and retention of tocopherol and chlorophylls in the rotifersBrachionus calyciflorus andAsplanchna sieboldi

Tocopherol (vitamin E) is selectively assimilated by the rotifersA. sieboldi andB. calyciflorus as compared to chlorophyll pigments, and is retained in these rotifers for longer periods than the chlorophyll pigments. While tocopherol is lost at the rate of only about 50% per 24 h period, chlorophyll a and b are converted to pheophytin a and b and finally pheophorbide a and b in 24 h and then rapidly lost.
Catalytic Microcontact Printing on Chemically Functionalized H-Terminated Silicon

We report a novel inkless soft lithographic fabrication protocol that permits uniform parallel patterning of hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces using catalytic elastomeric stamps. Pattern transfer is achieved catalytically via reaction between sulfonic acid moieties covalently bound to an elastomeric stamp and a Boc-functionalized SAM grafted to passivated silicon. The approach represents the first example of a soft lithographic printing technique that creates patterns of chemically distinctive SAMs on oxide-free silicon substrates.
A procedure to produce high alcohol intake in mice.

While prolonged access to ethanol (EtOH), or deprivations, or their combination have occasionally been shown to yield high levels of voluntary self-administration, in almost all cases, rodents do not self-administer alcohol to the degree that they will develop substantial, intoxicating blood alcohol levels and then continue to self-administer at these levels. The purpose of the present series of experiments was to modify a fluid restriction procedure to demonstrate consistent, high EtOH consumption. Male and female mice from an alcohol preferring inbred strain (C57BL/6J; B6) as well as from a genetically heterogeneous strain (WSC) were given varying periods of access to fluid, ranging from 90 min to 10 h per day, for 12–21 days. Every 3rd or 4th day, separate groups of mice were offered a 5, 7 or 10% EtOH solution for either 10 min or 30 min, followed by water for the remainder of the time. In all studies, stable high EtOH doses were consumed by both B6 and WSC mice across the EtOH sessions, exceeding 2 g/kg in a 30-min session. Mean blood EtOH concentration exceeded 1 mg/ml (i.e. 100 mg%), with values in individual animals ranging from 0.6 mg/ml to 3.4 mg/ml. Notably, mice receiving 10 h of fluid/day continued to consume 2 g/kg doses of EtOH. While this procedure did not produce subsequent preference for EtOH in WSC mice, consumption remained high in some animals. These data indicate that scheduling fluid intake produces high, stable EtOH consumption and BEC in male and female B6 and WSC mice.
The clustering reactions of benzene with sodium and lead ions

Abstract Thermochemical properties are determined for the association reactions of benzene with Na + and Pb + ions. The values obtained are -28.0 kcal/mol and -31.2 cal/mol K for the enthalpy and entropy changes of the sodium ion, and -26.2 kcal/mol and -21.6 cal/mol K for Pb + , respectively. An ab initio calculation was conducted to determine the bonding and structure of Na + -benzene. The C 6v symmetry structure of Na + -benzene, and the small charge transfer from benzene to Na + suggest that the bonding of the ion complex is largely electrostatic in nature. Like other lead ion complexes, Pb + -benzene displays an unusually strong interaction. Possible bonding of Pb + -benzene is also discussed.
Resilient Factors in Mixed Orientation Couples: Current State of the Research

This paper reviews the existing literature on mixed orientation couples with the purpose of identifying some of the key characteristics and dynamics of these couples. Special attention is paid to understanding relationship quality, satisfaction, and the factors that help maintain their relationship. Current literature shows a mixed representation of relationship quality and satisfaction among these couples, with themes of specific factors that seem to predict this. An understanding of this literature can inform counseling practice, and specific recommendations are offered for providing counseling to this unique population.
MUC1/A and MUC1/B splice variants differentially regulate inflammatory cytokine expression

The frequency of a splice variant of mucin 1 (MUC1), MUC1/A was lower in dry eye disease patients compared to normal controls, suggesting a link between the absence of MUC1/A and the development of dry eye disease which is characterized by chronic inflammation. The objectives of the present study were to clone and characterize the phenotype of cells expressing solely MUC1/A versus MUC1/B or a variant lacking the extracellular domain (ΔEX) and to determine whether MUC1/A and MUC1/B differentially modulate inflammatory responses in transfected cells. The additional 27 bp and SNP present in the N-terminus of MUC1/A were cloned into a FLAG-MUC1/B expression vector. Transient transfection of MUC1/A and MUC1/B plasmids into MUC1-null COS-7 cells resulted in similar protein expression and plasma membrane localization. MUC1/B and MUC1/A differed in their ability to modulate tumor necrosis α (TNFα)-induced transcription of IL-1β and IL-8. MUC1/B and MUC1/A inhibited IL-8 induction by TNFα at 4 h. However with 24 h TNFα, MUC1/A increased IL-1β and IL-8 whereas MUC1/B had no effect on cytokine expression. MUC1/B inhibited TNFα-induced luciferase activity from an NF-κB reporter whereas MUC1/A either inhibited or increased this luciferase activity depending on the time of TNFα treatment. MUC1/A, but not MUC1/B, increased the basal TGFβ expression. Both MUC1/B and MUC1/A blocked TNFα-induced miR-21 expression. These data demonstrate that MUC1/A and MUC1/B have different inflammatory activities and support the hypothesis that MUC1 genotypic differences may affect susceptibility to ocular surface damage in dry eye disease.
Model Search With TETRAD II and EQS

The blind, forward-search procedure used by Spirtes, Scheines, and Glymour in their simulation study of computer-aided model specification with EQS does not represent a procedure that is recommended for use in practice, nor does it represent a procedure that is actually implemented by researchers in practice. Thus the implication of their results is unclear. Although TETRAD II represents an important development in procedures for searching for structural models that may be consistent with data, its relative performance under varying conditions, especially with much larger models, under other choices of weight and percentage criteria, and under other model structures is not known. The results on three of the nine models used in the simulation cannot be interpreted, because they do not give unique exact representations of the population covariance matrices: Alternative “true” models can be specified, and EQS and LISREL may have found these models. The differing output from the two procedures that were used,...
Psychological benefits of an active lifestyle: what we know and what we need to know.

(1996). Psychological Benefits of an Active Lifestyle: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Quest: Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 330-353.
Fluid inclusions in carpholite-bearing metasediments and blueschists from NE Oman Constraints on P-T evolution

Thrust sheets of the upper plate of the Saih Hatat window, NE Oman contain metasediments formed under lawsonite albite facies conditions. Quartz and Fe-Mg carpholite in these metasediments contain several types of fluid inclusions; most are two-phase at room T with an aqueous NaCl - H2O or NaCl - MgCl2 - H2O solution. Texturally early fluid inclusions display a wide range of final melting (Tmf) and homogenization (Th) temperatures. The lowest Tmf and Th values were recorded for moderately sized inclusions occurring in clusters. Some of the highest Tmf and Th values (> 320°C) are recorded for isolated inclusions in Fe-Mg carpholite and quartz. In the lower plate epidote-blueschist facies metasediments, many fluid inclusions in quartz are decrepitated, with most of the surviving inclusions being 3-phase, CO2-bearing, filled with a low salinity fluid with XCO2 < 0.05. For all samples from both plates, isochores calculated for the few texturally early inclusions with low Th values are consistent with their respective P-T estimates. We conclude that inclusions with high Th experienced post-entrapment stretching ± loss of H2O during exhumation. Larger inclusions and inclusions in Fe-Mg carpholite were more strongly affected by these changes. Small isolated inclusions in relatively unstrained quartz have escaped these modifications and are useful for constraining peak conditions.
Improving public health through student-led interprofessional extracurricular education and collaboration: a conceptual framework

In the US, health care professionals are trained predominantly in uniprofessional settings independent of interprofessional education and collaboration. Yet, these professionals are tasked to work collaboratively as part of an interprofessional team in the practice environment to provide comprehensive care to complex patient populations. Although many advantages of interprofessional education have been cited in the literature, interprofessional education and collaboration present unique barriers that have challenged educators and practitioners for years. In spite of these impediments, one student-led organization has successfully implemented interprofessional education and cross-disciplinary collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for successful implementation of interprofessional education and collaboration for other student organizations, as well as for faculty and administrators. Each member of the interprofessional team brings discipline-specific expertise, allowing for a diverse team to attend to the multidimensional health needs of individual patients. The interprofessional team must organize around a common goal and work collaboratively to optimize patient outcomes. Successful interdisciplinary endeavors must address issues related to role clarity and skills regarding teamwork, communication, and conflict resolution. This conceptual framework can serve as a guide for student and health care organizations, in addition to academic institutions to produce health care professionals equipped with interdisciplinary teamwork skills to meet the changing health care demands of the 21st century.
Use of the Augmented Young-Laplace Equation to Model Equilibrium and Evaporating Extended Menisci

Abstract Numerical solutions of equilibrium and nonequilibrium models based on the augmented Young-Laplace equation were successfully used to evaluate experimental data for an extended meniscus. The data for the equilibrium and nonequilibrium meniscus profiles were obtained optically using ellipsometry and image processing interferometry. A Taylor series expansion of the fourth-order nonlinear transport model was used to obtain the extremely sensitive initial conditions at the interline. The solid-liquid-vapor Hamaker constants for the systems were obtained from the experimental data. The consistency of the data was demonstrated by using the combining rules to calculate the unknown value of the Hamaker constant for the experimental substrate. The sensitivity of the meniscus profile to small changes in the environment was demonstrated. Both temperature and intermolecular forces need to be included in modeling transport processes in the contact line region because the chemical potential is a function of both temperature and pressure.
Interference in multiprocessor computer systems with interleaved memory

This paper analyzes the memory interference caused by several processors simultaneously using several memory modules. Exact results are computed for a simple model of such a system. The limiting value is derived for the relative degree of memory interference as the system size increases. The model of the limiting behavior of the system yields approximate results for the simple model and also suggests that the results are valid for a much larger class of models, including those more nearly like real systems than the simple model. The assumptions and results of the simple model are tested against some measurements of program behavior and simulations of systems using memory references from real programs. The model results provide a good indication of the performance that should be expected from real systems of this type.