cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying adverse reactions to drugs. Reporting systems.

Abstract The dermatologist's concern about adverse reactions to drugs can be viewed from two perspectives. Most often, dermatologists are confronted with skin reactions to drugs used in the treatment of a wide variety of noncutaneous diseases. Less frequently, but sometimes more dramatically, dermatologists care for a patient who may have developed a noncutaneous adverse reaction that can be attributed to a drug used in the treatment of a skin disease. Although skin reactions are among the most common undesired effects of drug therapy, there are relatively few systematic sources of information about the incidence, severity, and ultimate health effects of adverse cutaneous reactions associated with drug use. To understand the magnitude of the problem of cutaneous drug eruptions, one must first critically examine the sources of data about these events. In the first section of this chapter, criteria for evaluating the likelihood that a given drug is responsible for a given adverse reaction are briefly reviewed. The second section reviews methods used by drug surveillance systems in attempts to identify the incidence and severity of cutaneous reactions to drugs, as well as the incidence and severity of noncutaneous reactions to drugs used in dermatologic therapy. The third section reviews illustrative results of surveillance systems—including the American Academy of Dermatology's Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System—which have provided information on the incidence of cutaneous drug reactions, causes of specific cutaneous drug eruptions of unusual severity, and adverse reactions to drugs used in dermatology.
Ultrastructural alterations induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in canine substantia nigra and rat mesencephalon in vitro.

Abstract Explants of canine substantia nigra (SN) and rat mesencephalon (MES), grown in organotypic culture, were incubated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and examined for ultrastructural changes. Prolonged exposure (3 days) to doses ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 μM MPP+ resulted in total destruction of all constituents (neuronal and glial) of canine SN cultures. No association was noted between MPP+-induced toxicity and age of canine SN cultures. The first ultrastructural change observed in canine SN cultures incubated with 0.1 nM MPP+ was at 3 h. Grossly swollen mitochondria were noted in large nerve cells. Swollen mitochondria were present in all cells of canine SN cultures by 8 h of incubation with MPP+. Only those rat MES cultures with relatively high preincubation levels of homovanillac acid, determined as an index of viable dopaminergic neurons, incubated with MPP+ (10 μM) for up to 8 days exhibited ultrastructural changes, namely, a swelling of mitochondria within the cytoplasm of large nerve cells. These findings suggest that continual exposure to MPP+in vitro results in a generalized, nonspecific toxicity in those species known to be susceptible to the parent compound 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine in vivo. However, the initial ultrastructural change, i.e., a swelling of mitochondria, may be the same in all species regardless of sensitivity suggesting that the ultimate mechanism underlying MPP+-toxicity relates to mitochondrial function.
Virtual Multipatient Simulation: A Case Study

Abstract Background This project evaluated the effectiveness of an unfolding multipatient simulation focusing on collaborative practice competencies. Method Sixty-eight senior nursing students participated in this pilot project. The virtual multipatient simulation included electronic health record and video simulation review, individual observation of the video, and group debriefing. Results and Conclusions Qualitative analysis, focusing on delegation, prioritization, and collaborative practice themes, to suggest a student tendency to focus on task oriented rather than higher-level skills, such as prioritization. This educational intervention will be redeveloped and expanded to include participation in live multipatient simulation to bridge the theory practice gap.
A tunable Add-Drop filter based on active microsphere resonator

We have fabricated an Add-Drop filter using an Erbium-Ytterbium co-doped microsphere resonator side-coupled to two tapered fibers. By optically pumping this active resonator below its lasing threshold, we have demonstrated bandwidth reduction, drop-efficiency increase and crosstalk suppression.
Is tension-free vaginal tape as effective as colposuspension in the long-term treatment of stress urinary incontinence?

Is tension-free vaginal tape as effective as colposuspension in the long-term treatment of stress urinary incontinence?
Acute cocaine results in rapid rises in intracellular free calcium concentration in canine cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells: possible relation to etiology of stroke

Abstract Effects of cocaine on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in cultured canine cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells were studied using digital imaging microscopy and the calcium molecular fluorescent indicator, fura-2. Acute treatment of cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells with cocaine HCl, from a low concentration of 10 −9 M up to 10 −5 M, induced significant increases of [Ca 2+ ] i . Irrespective of the changes in [Ca 2+ ] i , the subcellular distribution of [Ca 2+ ] i appeared heterogeneous in both normal and cocaine-treated cells. These results suggest that cocaine induces cerebral vasospasm by a rapid elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i in vascular smooth muscle cells; these ionic events could play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cocaine-induced cerebral ischemia and stroke.
"Stent view" flat-detector CT and stent-assisted treatment strategies for complex intracranial aneurysms.

Background Complex intracranial aneurysms are often treated with endovascular stent-assisted coiling. Intracranial stents are difficult to visualize with conventional computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy. "Stent view" flat-detector CT can be used to visualize intracranial stents during endovascular treatment. Methods Three patients underwent endovascular treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Stent view flat-detector CT was used to study stent placement and morphology in vivo. Results Stent view CT was successful in visualizing stents in all patients. In two patients, stent morphology rendered endovascular coiling technically unfeasible; in one patient, visualization of stent strut herniation into the aneurysm lumen allowed successful coil embolization of the aneurysm. Conclusions Stent view CT provided detailed imaging of stent placement and morphology in all three cases. The technique influenced treatment decisions and technical outcomes. Stent view CT is a valuable intraprocedural technical tool in stent-assisted endovascular procedures.
Stakeholder involvement in NEPA scoping processes: evaluating practices and effects in transportation agencies

Focusing on environmental review practice in state departments of transportation in the US, the study examines the practices and effects of stakeholder involvement in scoping processes conducted under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Based on a survey of environmental review staff in 46 of the 50 states, the study finds variation in approaches used by states and relatively high levels of perceived effectiveness. The findings include a number of internal and external factors that contribute to effectiveness and highlight the impacts of participation on the content and outcomes of scoping processes.
Ionic Locks in Melibiose Permease: Scope towards GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome

The recently solved 3D crystal structures reveal that the Na+-coupled melibiose permease of Salmonella typhimurium (MelBSt) is a member of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). These inside-closed conformations show that Arg residues at positions 295 (Helix IX), 141 (Helix V), and 363 (Loop10-11) govern three clusters of electrostatic interactions for stabilizing the sealed internal cavity between N- and C-terminal domains at the cytoplasmic side. The cluster of these electrostatic interactions is designated as ionic lock. Except Lys at position 141 or 363, the replacement of R295, R141, or R363 individually with Cys, Gln, Glu, Leu, or Lys shows inhibition of active transport of melibiose to a level of 2 - 25 % of the WT, with little effect on the binding affinities for both sugar and Na+. Interestingly, a suppressor D35E mutation at the periplasmic end of helix I was spontaneously isolated from the R363Q mutant. Remarkably, introduction of D35E mutation with each conformation-compromised mutant of R295, R141 (except R141E), or R363 significantly rescues the melibiose transport to a level up to 90 % of the WT. However, D35E mutation fails to restore the activity if two lock sites are mutated by Cys simultaneously at any combination. Previous threading model of MelBSt at inside-open conformation show that all the three lock sites are at unlocked state. We conclude that these ionic locks are cooperative and involved in the transport-required global conformational changes by an alteration of locking and unlocking processes. Strikingly, these ionic locks are conserved in MFS permeases. Furthermore, they link with human diseases; e.g., some patients with GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome are due to a single mutation of Arg at predicted ionic locks of the glucose transporter GLUT1 expressed in the blood-brain barrier.
Fabrication and Imaging of Nanometer-Sized Protein Patterns

This Letter describes a new method for production of nanometer-sized protein patterns with precise control of the size and geometry. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are first patterned using nanografting, an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based lithographic method. Methyl-terminated n-alkanethiols serve as matrix layers within which nanopatterns of thiols with carboxylate or aldehyde terminal groups are fabricated. By controlling solution conditions, we selectively immobilize proteins on the patterned areas, through either electrostatic interactions or covalent binding. In our approach, AFM tips are used for both fabrication and characterization. AFM allows patterned SAMs and proteins to be visualized in situ. The individual proteins within the nanopatterns and their orientations can be clearly resolved from the AFM images.
Progress in alternative neutron detection to address the helium-3 shortage

Abstract One of the main uses for 3 He is in gas proportional counters for neutron detection. Such detectors are used at neutron scattering science facilities and in radiation portal monitors deployed for homeland security and non-proliferation applications. Other uses of 3 He are for research detectors, commercial instruments, well logging detectors, dilution refrigerators, lung imaging, for targets in nuclear research, and for basic research in condensed matter physics . The supply of 3 He comes entirely from the decay of tritium produced for nuclear weapons in the U.S. and Russia. Due to the large increase in use of 3He for science and homeland security (since 2002), the supply could no longer meet the demand. This has led to the development of a number of alternative neutron detection schemes.
Tuning the Mechanical Stability of Fibronectin Type III Modules through Sequence Variations

Cells can switch the functional states of extracellular matrix proteins by stretching them while exerting mechanical force. Using steered molecular dynamics, we investigated how the mechanical stability of FnIII modules from the cell adhesion protein fibronectin is affected by natural variations in their amino acid sequences. Despite remarkably similar tertiary structures, FnIII modules share low sequence homology. Conversely, the sequence homology for the same FnIII module across multiple species is notably higher, suggesting that sequence variability is functionally significant. Our studies find that the mechanical stability of FnIII modules can be tuned through substitutions of just a few key amino acids by altering access of water molecules to hydrogen bonds that break early in the unfolding pathway. Furthermore, the FnIII hierarchy of mechanical unfolding can be changed by environmental conditions, such as pH for FnIII10, or by forming complexes with other molecules, such as heparin binding to FnIII13.
Product Design Using Interface-Based Module Description

To address emerging issues due to global product development and shortening product development cycles, we propose a modular product design methodology using interface-based module descriptions published through cyber-infrastructure. In this paper, we describe (1) a general way of defining interfaces, partially utilizing a standardized language of product functionality known as the Functional Basis, (2) a formal way of representing components in eXtensible Markup Language that defines a new Module Description Language (MDL), and (3) the application of the proposed methodology to the design of a product family of electronic screwdrivers, a mechanical product, extending previous work with electrical products.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Torque Saturation Analysis in Electromechanical Motor

This paper describes the torque and magnetic flux analysis using an advanced dynamic dynamometer test bed for electromechanical motors. Test motor was tested under different levels of continuous loads and high bandwidth complex duty cycle loads in order to provide data to characterize the nonlinear properties of electric motors. The test bed to obtain torque saturation limit data is comprised of a servo motor which serves as a dynamic load emulator, a brake, a clutch, and full sensor array for comprehensive monitoring of test variables, (including magnetic flux density sensor). The magnetic flux test was conducted to discriminate magnetic saturation from torque saturation. Given the permanent magnet motor test system designed for a desired saturation limit, it is possible to predict saturation using a properly defined dynamic duty cycle norm as a function of the operating conditions and the actuator design parameters. In this paper, the temperature effects on the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet material were the principal objectives.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Glycosylation of serine residues by a uridine diphosphate-xylose: protein xylosyltransferase from mouse mastocytoma.

Abstract A preparation from an ascitic mast cell tumor catalyzes the transfer of xylose from UDP-xylose-14C to serine residues of an endogenous protein acceptor. The formation of xylosyl-serine linkages, such as occur in native heparin, is based on the following evidence. Though not esterified, the radioactivity could readily be released by mild alkali; xylitol-14C was the only radioactive product obtained by treatment with 0.5 n NaOH in the presence of NaBH4. Pronase digestion of the transfer product released a radioactive glycosyl-amino acid identified as 14C-xylosyl-serine by coelectrophoresis with authentic material by co-chromatography on paper and on Dowex-50, and by co-chromatography of the DNP derivatives. The transfer takes place in the absence of protein synthesis, suggesting that glycosylation of proteins begins only after assembly of the polypeptide. The mastocytoma contains a second xylosyltransferase, which links xylose to an unidentified acceptor, to give a relatively alkali-stable xyloside.
Data processing compilers for small card reading computers

The "D-Zero" compiler, used by the New Univac Computer to prepare its own programs, is the first"English"-- natural language -- compiler written for a computer having only punched card input and punched or printed output. The D-0 compiler is a member of the FlowMatic System of compilers. Processing statements are similar to those used by FlowMatic for Univac I and II and the Air Force AIMACO Compiler for the Univac 1105. Additional "verbs" have been added to the language which apply to the card input and output and the on-line printer.
Monomeric Kinesin Head Domains Hydrolyze Multiple ATP Molecules before Release from a Microtubule

Abstract Transient kinetic analysis of microtubule-stimulated ATP hydrolysis by the monomeric kinesin motor domain DKH357 was performed to investigate the kinetic pattern of a monomer. Both ATP and ADP produced dissociation of the complex, microtubule (MT)·;E, of microtubules with DKH357 at a maximum rate of ∼45 s−1 as determined by decrease in turbidity. The maximum dissociation rate was independent of the KCl concentration between 25 and 200 mM. At subsaturating levels of nucleotide, ATP was more effective than ADP in dissociating DKH357 from MT·;E (1.6 and 0.4 μM−1 s−1 for ATP and ADP, respectively, at 50 mM KCl). Addition of ATP to MT·;E results in a burst of product formation with a maximum initial rate of ∼100 s−1 at saturating levels of ATP. This maximum hydrolysis rate of 100 s−1 is similar to the maximum steady state ATPase rate at saturating microtubules of ∼70 s−1, and thus hydrolysis is at least partially rate-limiting. When the MT lattice was highly occupied with bound DKH357, the amplitude of the burst was ∼2 per DKH357 active site (superstoichiometric). The rate constant for the burst transient was ∼45 s−1, which is the same as the rate for dissociation of DKH357 from the microtubule and this suggests that dissociation and termination of the burst phase are coupled. The size of the burst increased with decreasing initial occupancy of the MT lattice with bound DKH357 and approached the value of ∼4 ATP molecules predicted by previous steady state measurements (Jiang, W., Stock, M., Li, X., and Hackney, D. D., submitted for publication).
Re-evaluation of Sodium Requirement of Commercial Laying Hen

Abstract Kuchinski, K.K., Harms, R.H., Wilson, H.R., Russell, G.B. and McDowell, L.R. 1999. Re-evaluation of sodium requirement of commercial laying hen. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 15: 25–34. Two experiments were conducted with 36-wk old Hy-Line® W36 hens to determine their Na requirement. A corn-soybean basal diet was used which contained 0.056% Na. Hens were maintained in individual cages and fed diets containing Na levels of 0.056, 0.078, 0.100, 0.122, 0.144, 0.166, 0.188 and 0.210% in Experiment 1. The levels of 0.188 and. 0.21% Na were not fed in Experiment 2. Supplemental Na was provided by NaCl. The city water contained 9 ppm Na. The first 2 wk were considered as a depletion period with Wk 3–8 used to measure treatment effects in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Reducing the daily Na intake below 114 and 110 mg/hen in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively, resulted in a significant decrease in egg production beginning the second wk. As the level of Na decreased, egg weight, feed intake, hatchability and bod...
The distribution and production of the hard clam,Mercenaria mercenaria, in Wassaw Sound, Georgia

Hard clams,Mercenaria mercenaria, occurred in four intertidal habitats in the outer, high salinity (18‰) region of Wassaw Sound, Georgia: small feeder creeks\((\bar x = 36 per m^2 )\); oyster shell bar deposits\((\bar x = 31 per m^2 )\); headwaters of shelly, sandy-mud, sand, and mud bottom creeks (\(\bar x\) = 26, 19, 13 and 3 per m2, respectively); and among live oysters (\(\bar x\) = 1 per m2). 0266 03 Clams from creek bottoms were larger (\(\bar x\) = 7.3 cm) than those from intertidal flats (\(\bar x\) = 4.7 cm) due to differences in predation or harvesting pressures, not to differeing rates of recruitment. Juveniles were absent from most areas, possibly because of increased juvenile mortality, natural sporadic settling, or restricted gonadal development due to abnormally low spring salinity from 1977 through 1979. Clams from Little Tybee Island, where sediments are sandy-mud, had faster growth rates than those from North Cabbage and Wassaw Islands, where clam beds were in shell deposits. Clams older than 7 years dominated at Wassaw and Little Tybee Islands (64 and 71%, respectively) and younger clams dominated (82%) at North Cabbage Island. These differences in age class structures are attributed to different harvesting or predation pressures. Clams from Little Tybee and Wassaw Islands occurred in creek bottoms, whereas clams from North Cabbage Island occurred on an intertidal flat in the open sound. Also, a greater variety of clam predators and greater densities ofUrosalpinx cinerea andBusycon spp. occur on intertidal flats of the open sound than on creek bottoms. Net reproduction ofMercenaria was 7.7 g ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per m2 per yr at Little Tybee Island, 6 g AFWD per m2 yr at Wassaw Island and 2.7 g AFDW per m2 per yr at North Cabbage Island. Differences are attributed to differences in standing stocks, age class structure, and growth rate. Standing stocks were low (11 g AFDW per m2) at North Cabbage, moderate at Little Tybee (50 g AFWD per m2) and high (120 g AFDW per m2) at Wassaw Island. The turnover ratios (P/B) of Wassaw, Little Tybee, and North Cabbage Island populations were low (0.05, 0.14, and 0.23, respectively) because a high percentage of older (>7 years) clams make up the populations.
A partially testable, predictive model of psychosocial factors in the etiology of cervical cancer ii. bioimmunological, psychoneuroimmunological, and socioimmunological aspects, critique and prospective integration

This review is the companion to the foregoing paper critically reviewing research on the biological, psychological and social aspects of the etiology of cervical cancer. The immune system mediates some (but not all) of the effects of these factors. Factors with relevant immunological associations for cervical oncogenesis are examined here. A critical review of research presented in both papers is offered at the conclusion of each aspect. This is followed by a tabular summary of the immunological studies relevant to the biological, psychological and social aspects of cervical cancer. Estimated likelihoods of association for the immunological factors selected within each aspect are given based upon both the number and quality of studies conducted, and are followed by selected comments. The paper concludes with a theoretical integration of the entire model (represented in both reviews) and the promulgation of a set of integrative hypotheses across domains (including their immunological aspects) for the purpose of illustrating the potential utility of this model in addressing future research questions.
Random mating revisited.

Procedures are recommended for testing for the existence of the populational phenomenon commonly referred to as random mating. Some reasons for caution are emphasized, especially whether knowledge about the genetic homogeneity of the population being analyzed is adequate.
Carotid ultrasound findings as a predictor of long-term survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a 14-year prospective study

Abstract Purpose Several factors have been related to long-term survival after open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The effect of carotid stenosis on outcome has not yet been examined. We performed an open prospective study to evaluate the prognostic significance of carotid stenosis on long-term survival of patients who had undergone elective operative repair of AAA. Methods Two hundred eight patients who underwent elective open AAA repair in our department between March 1987 and December 2001 were included in the study. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with color duplex ultrasound (US) scanning of the carotid arteries, and were followed up with clinical examination and carotid duplex US scanning 1 month after the operation and every 6 months thereafter. Median duration of follow-up was 50 months (range, 5-181 months). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as all causes of mortality, were recorded and analyzed with regard to traditional risk factors and carotid US findings. Results Twenty-seven fatal and 46 nonfatal cardiovascular events were recorded. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that carotid stenosis 50% or greater and echolucent plaque were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid stenosis was a stronger predictor of cardiovascular death than was ankle/brachial index. Age, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus were also associated with higher mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular causes. Conclusion Patients electively operated on for AAA repair and with stenosis 50% or greater and echolucent plaque at duplex US scanning are at significantly increased risk for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid US can therefore be used to select a subgroup of patients with AAA who might benefit from medical intervention, including antiplatelet and lipid-lowering agents.
glu-RNA: aliGn highLy strUctured ncRNAs using only sequence similarity

Generating reliable alignments for ncRNAs is an important step in ncRNA secondary structure prediction and ncRNA gene finding. Existing sequence alignment programs can generate reliable alignments for ncRNAs with high sequence conservation. For highly structured ncRNAs that may lack strong sequence similarity, structural alignment programs are required. However, conducting reliable structural alignment is much more expensive than sequence alignment and is not ideal for large-scale input such as whole genomes or next-generation sequencing data. In this paper, we propose an accurate ncRNA alignment approach to align highly structured ncRNAs using only sequence similarity. By incorporating posterior probability and a machine learning approach, we can generate accurate alignments of highly structured ncRNAs without using structural information. We tested our approach on over three hundreds of pairs of highly structured ncRNAs from BRAliBase 2.1. The experimental results show that our approach can achieve more accurate alignments than commonly used sequence alignment programs and a popular structural alignment tool. The source codes of glu-RNA can be downloaded at http://sourceforge.net/projects/glu-rna/.
Exposure to X-Rated Movies and Adolescents' Sexual and Contraceptive-Related Attitudes and Behaviors

Objectives. To examine the association between exposure to X-rated movies and teens9 contraceptive attitudes and behaviors. Methods. Black females, 14 to 18 years old (n = 522) were recruited from adolescent medicine clinics, health departments, and school health clinics. Results. Exposure to X-rated movies was reported by 29.7% of adolescents. Exposure to X-rated movies was associated with being more likely to have negative attitudes toward using condoms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4), to have multiple sex partners (OR: 2.0), to have sex more frequently (OR: 1.8), to not have not used contraception during the last intercourse (OR: 1.5), to have not used contraception in the past 6 months (OR: 2.2), to have a strong desire to conceive (OR: 2.3), and to test positive for chlamydia (OR: 1.7). Conclusions. Additional research is needed to understand the impact of X-rated movies on adolescents9 sexual and contraceptive health.
Method of Determining a Nominal Index Value for the Polytropic Expansion Process of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Piston-Cylinder Devices

The polytropic process is a widely used pressure model for predicting the nature of pressure and volume states in expansion and compression systems. The two variable nature of this model typically leads to an open ended approach with heavy reliance on mechanism evaluation and potential extended design iterations in the prototyping phase. Through a fundamental examination of the polytropic derivation from the energy transfer ratio assumption, in conjunction with repeated application of elementary thermodynamic principles, including First Law analysis, moving boundary work, and substance property evaluation, a solution to a refined nominal polytropic index can be found. The derivation can provide valuable insight to the polytropic process itself and address the issue of bounding a complex system with a reasonable choice of theoretical system input. With the aid of the method outlined in this paper, researchers will be enabled with a tool to better predict the polytropic expansion coefficient which finds widespread use in thermodynamic modeling and analysis. To this end, the method is used herein to predict a polytropic index of n = 1.306 and k = 1.615 for the specific heat ratio for a SCO2 expansion engine operating between 20 MPa and 9.2 MPa.
The extent and strength of electrical coupling between inferior olivary neurons is heterogeneous

Gap junctions constitute the only form of synaptic communication between neurons in the inferior olive (IO), which gives rise to the climbing fibers innervating the cerebellar cortex. Although its ...
Nonlinear Dynamics in a Double Chain Model of DNA

We investigate numerically the mechanics of a simple lattice model of DNA. The model consists of two linear mass chains connected by a Morse potential representing the hydrogen bonding between the sugar- phosphate backbones. Effects on discrete breather type solutions caused by random noise and mass defects, representing interaction with the local environment, are studied.
Lie‐biased Decision Making in Prison

Levine and McCornack (1992) found that persons who have a truth‐bias (those who tend to believe that most messages are truthful) exhibit low detection accuracy, that moderately suspicious people are more accurate at detecting, and suggested that lie‐bias persons would be as inaccurate at detecting lies as those who are truth‐biased. This study tested Levine and McCornack’s suggestion that lie‐biased people would be inaccurate deception detectors by conducting field experiments in Kansas and New Mexico prisons. Results indicate that prisoners are lie‐biased and are accurate detectors of lies but not truths, and findings suggest a reversed veracity effect in prison.
Utopia/Dystopia: Conditions of Historical Possibility

Utopia/Dystopia is an impressive collection of essays derived from a seminar at the Helby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies at Princeton. It is an attempt to think of the terms utopia and ...
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE SEEDS OF COTTONS AND OTHER MALVACEOUS PLANTS. I. MALVEAE AND URENEAE

A LTHOUGH SEVERAL studies of the anatomy of the seeds of the Malvaceae have been made, relatively little attention has been given to the genus Gossypium and its near relatives. Manv schemes of classification of the genus Gossypium have included seed characters among their criteria. The presence or absence of lint and fuzz has been considered to be a diagnostic character in various groups of the Malvaceae, and especially in Gossypiam, but a study of the comparative anatomy of the seeds of this genus and its relatives has never been made. Several investigators have made studies of the cotton seed which were to some extent anatomical, but have included only one species. Others have made comparative studies of the anatomy of the seeds of Malvaceae, but have chosen other genera than Goss8ypium as their chief subjects of study. The investigation reported in this and another paper (Reeves, 1936b) to be published later in this journal was undertaken in order to establish the salient facts pertaining to the structure of the seeds of malvaceous plants with emphasis upon Gossypium, and to attempt to interpret these facts in terms of relationships among the groups. Barritt (1929) reports that the palisade tissue of the seed coat of cotton is the inner epidermis of the outer integument, and some subsequent investigators seem to have accepted his conclusion. However, students of the subject unanimously agree that in the Malvaceae generally the palisade tissue of the seed coat is the outer epidermis of the inner integument. It is possible that both of these conceptions are correct, and if they should prove to be, this would be an additional reason for regarding the cottons as an isolated group of the family. The origin of the palisade cells of the seed coat is therefore emphasized in the present study. The present paper reports the anatomy of the seeds of Abutilon, Modiola, Callirhoe, Sida, and MalvaviscUts. Other genera of Malvaceae, among them being Gossypium, will be reported later. METHODS. Young ovules were killed in chromoacetic acid, embedded in paraffin, and stained in the usual way. Mature seeds were sectioned free-hand and examined in glycerine or balsam. It was found possible to stain free-hand sections of seed coats and make permanent preparations of them when desirable. Very small seeds, such as those of Miodiola caroliniana, were embedded in "glycerine gum" in a manner similar to that recommended by Coe and Martin (1920). In following this procedure, it was found advisable to use various amounts of water in the
Cis-active control of mouse beta-galactosidase biosynthesis by a systemic regulatory locus.

Several higher organisms have been reported in which enzyme levels are determined genetically by sites located in close proximity to the corresponding structural genes. In several cases, these sites have been shown to act by controlling the rates of enzyme synthesis1–4. Cis compared with trans action has been tested for those proximate regulatory sites controlling enzymes for which appropriate structural variants exist2,5–8. The rate of synthesis of β-galactosidase in mouse tissues is under the control of a regulatory locus, Bgl-s, that is tightly linked to the enzyme structural gene4,9; we have tested the cis/trans nature of Bgl-s action by analysis of the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme from animals heterozygous for the appropriate regulatory and structural alleles. Our results indicate that Bgl–s acts cis, controlling the expression of the structural gene located on the same chromosome.
Templated Mineralization of Synthetic Hydrogels for Bone-Like Composite Materials: Role of Matrix Hydrophobicity

Bone-mimetic mineral-polymer composite materials have several applications ranging from artificial bone grafts to scaffolds for bone tissue engineering; templated mineralization is an effective approach to fabricate such composites. In this study, we synthesized bone-like composites using synthetic hydrogels having pendant side chains terminating with carboxyl groups as a template for mineralization. The role of matrix hydrophobicity on mineralization was examined using poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels modified with varying lengths of anionic pendant side chains (CH2═CHCONH(CH2)nCOOH, where n = 1, 3, 5, and 7). The ability of these hydrogels to undergo templated mineralization was found to be strongly dependent upon the length of the pendant side chain as is evident from the extent of calcification and morphology of the minerals. Moreover, mineralized phases formed on the hydrogels were confirmed to resemble apatite-like structures. In addition to demonstrating the importance of material hydrophobicity as ...
Diffusion Cloud-Chamber Study of Very Slow Mesons. I. Internal Pair Formation

A beam of negative pi and mu mesons was moderated to very low energies and allowed to enter a hydrogen-filled 20-atmosphere continuously sensitive cloud chamber. The various phenomena were observed and classified. A detailed study was made of the internal pair formation of mesonic gamma rays produced in the pion-hydrogen reactions. The conversion coefficient for the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+{e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ was found to be 0.0053\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0009; for the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+{e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ the coefficient is 0.0062\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0013. Distributions in angle and energy were obtained from thirty-five of the forty-seven observed cases.
Cellular localization of estradiol-induced c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat uterus: C-fos expression and uterine cell proliferation do not correlate strictly

Estrogens stimulate DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the uterus. All major uterine cell types (luminal and glandular epithelium, stroma, and myometrium) respond to 17 beta-estradiol in the immature animal, whereas primarily epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium respond in the mature animal. Rapid activation of the c-fos protooncogene by estrogen precedes the uterine growth, suggesting that c-fos plays a role in amplifying the hormonal signal. The specific uterine cell types in which estrogen induces c-fos messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, however, have not been identified in either mature or immature animals. In this study, in situ hybridization was used to determine the cell type-specific location of mRNA encoding c-fos in the uterus. In both immature and mature castrated rats at 3 h after 17 beta-estradiol administration, c-fos expression was detected primarily in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia. Expression of c-fos returned to baseline levels by 24 h post 17 beta-estradiol treatment...
Can the Seller Benefit from an Insider in Common-Value Auctions?☆

Abstract In existing models of first-price common-value auctions, heterogeneous bidder information characterized by a well-informed “insider” is detrimental to the seller's revenue. We show that this is not a general principle. The linkage effect of increased information identified by Milgrom and Weber has force in our model of heterogeneous bidders, and dominates any adverse effects of an insider on revenues. In addition, a bidder with garbled information can profit in a first-price auction if his information is private, and an inside bidder may prefer to have less information about the outside bidder's signal. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D44, D82.
Effects of Medications on Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis

Background and Aims: Drug-induced pancreatitis accounts for about 2% of acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether propofol and other medications are associated with increased risk for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary care hospital. All patients who underwent ERCP from 2001 to 2004 were included. Diagnosis of acute post-ERCP pancreatitis was based on a consensus definition. Results: A total of 506 patients underwent ERCP. The total incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis was 7.1%. There was no significant difference in post-ERCP pancreatitis between patients who received propofol compared to patients who received midazolam and fentanyl (9.0 vs. 5.9%, p = 0.18). Patients receiving an angiotensin receptor blocker were approximately 4 times more likely to develop post-ERCP pancreatitis (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.9). Patients younger than 65 years and smokers also had higher risk of developing acute post-ERCP pancreatitis than those who were older than 65 years (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.7–9.1) and non-smokers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.2). Conclusions: Propofol is a safe sedative drug for ERCP without additional risk of developing acute post-ERCP pancreatitis. Use of angiotensin receptor blockers, smoking and younger age are independent risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Does Waged Domestic Labor Have a Future

Loosely linked by their subject?the institution of domestic service?these four volumes are very different in substance and approach. Chronologically, they span a period from the mid-nineteenth century to the present; geographically, they examine the institution in Latin America, the United States, and Africa; concep tually, they draw on Freudian and object-relations theory, Marxist theory, cultural anthropology, and social history. Nevertheless, all four books share some common concerns. Among these are attention to patterns of continuity and change in forms of inequality by race, gender, and class; an effort to focus as much as possible on real people and their everyday lives by incorporating personal documents (letters, diaries, and oral history) and institutional records; emphasis on variation and difference (sometimes to the point of indeterminacy) rather than on typical cases; reflection on the complexity of employer-servant social relations; and, finally, the possibility of servants' organizing, their resistance to oppression, and collective action in support of their interests. "House and street" sums up the setting of Sandra Lauderdale Graham's case study of dirty, unhealthy Rio de Janeiro's socially mixed, hierarchically organized civil society from about 1850 to 1910. The contrast here is between the security and privacy of the middleor upper-class house and its household, and the teeming streets of slaves and the poor. Graham considers only women servants (an increasingly large majority during this period), an occupational category that included both slaves and free workers, until the completion of emancipation in 1889; live-in chambermaids, wet nurses, and cooks; and live-out water carriers, laundresses, and seamstresses. Servants were the largest single female occupation al group, accounting for well over half the women workers throughout the period.
Building Exchange Relationships: Perceptions of Sales Representatives' Performance:

Purchasing and sales professionals spend considerable portions of the work week interacting. Usually the burden of persuasion is faced by the seller and a very important objective of any sales call is an improvement in the buyer-seller relationship. This research examined the views of a sample of 173 purchasing executives and 193 manufacturers' representatives concerning sellers' performance on a number of variables related to exchange relationships. Analysis indicated that buyers held significantly more modest views of the performance of sales representatives than did members of the business-to-business sales force.
Steady-state volcanism, paleoeffusion rates, and magma system volume inferred from plagioclase crystal size distributions in mafic lavas: Dome Mountain, Nevada

Abstract The Dome Mountain ( DM) lavas, located in the moat of the Timber Mountain caldera of the SW Nevada volcanic field, cap a thick sequence of welded tuffs, massive and bedded tuffs, and mafic and rhyolitic lava flows. These 10.9-m.y.-old flows comprise a pile of some twenty flows with a total thickness of about 300 m. Individual flows range in thickness from 3 to 20 m and are characterized by a basal vesicular zone, a massive central region and an upper vesicular region containing, in most cases, cooling fractures. The flows dip gently away from the summit of DM, a prominent topographic feature of the region with an elevation of 2065 m. Silica contents range from 48.8 wt.% at the base of the pile to 59.4 wt.% at the top, although most of the flows are andesitic. Crystal size distributions (CSDs) for plagioclase in these comagmatic lavas have been determined to provide information on magma storage times. These times, when coupled with phase equilibria, can be used to infer cooling rates, which are indicative of the relative dimensions of magmatic bodies and the vigor of various magmatic cooling processes. Most of the CSDs show no sign of crystal fractionation or accumulation. Assuming a growth rate of 10 −10 cm/s, calculated mean crystal residence times for most lavas cluster in the range of 1.5 to 4 years. Two of the lower lavas have residence times in the range of 4 to 9 years. The residence times correlate inversely with nucleation density and broadly correlate inversely with silica content: high-residence-time, low-silica lavas occur at the base of the pile, whereas low-residence-time, high-silica lavas occur at the top of the pile. One interpretation of the residence time data is that the lavas are from an open system of more or less constant residence time but varying spatially in system locations; e.g., a magma chamber in which steady-state recharge and eruption may have been reached. Alternatively, these lavas may represent small samples, closely spaced in time, of a slowly cooling, large batch or reservoir of magma. The greater residence times associated with the lower flows may indicate the increased amount of time necessary to form the conduit of the magma-volcano system by the oldest magma or simply that part of the system with the highest liquidus temperature. A minimum volume of 1.4 to 2.5 km 3 for the magma chamber is estimated for the DM system using the estimated residence times in a simplified cooling model of a sheet of aspect ratio R . The actual system volume depends on R , which is strictly unknown, and thus the actual system volume may be much larger (e.g., ~ 200 km 3 ). A mean paleoeffusion rate of 0.05 km 3 /yr is obtained for the lavas by assuming that the residence time of each lava corresponds to the amount of time elapsed since the eruption of the underlying flow.
IMPACT OF THE ESSO BAYWAY OIL SPILL ON SALT MARSH MACRO FAUNA

ABSTRACT On January 28, 1979, approximately 6,000 barrels of light Arabian crude oil was spilled into the lower Neches River near Port Neches, Texas. Much of the oil became stranded in the adjacent brackish-freshwater marsh, which is considered to be an important nursery area for postlarval penaeid shrimp. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the long-term impact of the spill on the macrofauna of the marsh. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in marsh sediments were high (up to 7,000 mg/kg dry wt) at all but one unoiled reference station. Due to unusually high rainfall, salinity in the marsh was very low until September 1979, when it rose to 6 to 12 ‰ Macrocrustacean and fish populations were very similar at both oiled and reference stations in terms of species composition, number of species, and number of animals. Species diversity indices were similar at oiled and reference stations. Postlarval penaeid shrimp Penaeus setiferus did not enter the marsh until September when the salinity rose. T...
Work experiences, job performance, and feelings of personal and family well-being

Abstract The present study examined the interaction between job performance and specific work experiences on three indicators of personal and family well-being (marital adjustment, work-family conflict, and quality of life) among 336 accountants. Perceptions of a nonsupportive and inequitable work environment, role conflict, and extensive time commitment to work were each related to one or more indicators of well-being. In addition, the relationship between job performance and well-being varied as a function of gender, time commitment to work, and the degree of role conflict experienced.
An enhanced bidirectional associative memory

An enhancement of the coding and decoding strategies of a discrete bidirectional associative memory (BAM) reported by B. Kosko (1987, 1988) is presented. Use of the concept, identified as multiple training, can be guaranteed to achieve recall of a single trained pair under suitable initial conditions of data. In representative computer simulations the concept has been shown to represent an improvement in some instances over the original Kosko strategy for recall of multiple pairs. The use of the concept is illustrated, and theorems underlying the result are presented. >
Urban Design Aesthetics: The Evaluative Qualities of Building Exteriors

Design reviewers make judgments based on their opinion of how physical features influence the evaluative quality of the building and its surroundings. What features evoke favorable evaluative responses? Although some people may view aesthetics as qualitative and idiosyncratic, researchers have continued in their search for general principles. This article reviews that research, with particular attention to building exteriors. The article defines and examines three kinds of aesthetic variables-formal, symbolic, and schemas. It highlights the importance of enclosure, complexity, and order as formal variables, of style as a symbolic variable, and of atypicality in relation to schemas. It discusses the relationship of these variables to evaluative response. As different kinds of evaluative responses may be appropriate and desirable for different kinds of places, this article considers the dimensions of evaluative response. The analysis suggests that design review seeking pleasantness should encourage order, m...