cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of time of day and constant light on the behavioral responses and ethanol metabolism to acute alcohol administration in male Black Swiss mice

Alcohol modulates the circadian clock at both the behavioral and molecular levels. Additionally, alcohol consumption is well-known to affect anxiety in both animal and human studies. Disruptions to...
An intelligent optimization approach to non-stationary interference suppression for wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a new technique to effectively suppress non-stationary interference signal for wireless networks. This technique combines a new scheme of interference signal estimation with the intelligent optimization projection. In order to capture interference signal &#x02BC s subspace, a time-varying method is used to estimate the non-stationary interference. Orthogonal polynomials are used for the basis function instead of the power of the time to reduce the computational complexity. The interference is then removed from the corrupted signal by subspace projection, resulting in less distortion to the desired signal. The performance of this approach is validated by computer simulation.
Electrolytic vascular systems for energy-dense robots

Modern robots lack the multifunctional interconnected systems found in living organisms and are consequently unable to reproduce their efficiency and autonomy. Energy-storage systems are among the most crucial limitations to robot autonomy, but their size, weight, material and design constraints can be re-examined in the context of multifunctional, bio-inspired applications. Here we present a synthetic energy-dense circulatory system embedded in an untethered, aquatic soft robot. Modelled after redox flow batteries, this synthetic vascular system combines the functions of hydraulic force transmission, actuation and energy storage into a single integrated design that geometrically increases the energy density of the robot to enable operation for long durations (up to 36 hours). The fabrication techniques and flexible materials used in its construction enable the vascular system to be created with complex form factors that continuously deform with the robot's movement. This use of electrochemical energy storage in hydraulic fluids could facilitate increased energy density, autonomy, efficiency and multifunctionality in future robot designs.
Jury Nullification: The Top Secret Constitutional Right

Jury nullification refers to the inherent power of a jury in a criminal trial to refuse to convict a defendant if the jurors are convinced that such a conviction would be fundamentally unjust. According to the Supreme Court of the United States, this power was intentionally given to criminal jurors by the framers of the Constitution, who were determined to ensure that the jury would preserve an inviolable power to act as a guardian against political oppression and unjust prosecutions. Despite those impressive constitutional roots, however, jury nullification has received a great deal of unfavorable press, at least among modern judges. For many years, state and federal courts throughout the nation have been unanimous in rejecting any suggestion that jurors ought to be advised about their power to nullify, and have in fact agreed that the jurors should generally be told that they have no such authority. This article examines the constitutional roots behind the power of jury nullification. It also lists the six most common reasons given by courts for their persistent refusal to instruct the jurors about the nature of that power – and exposes the logical fallacies underlying all six of those objections. It concludes with a reminder as to how the absurdity of modern American legal doctrine on this topic was accurately predicted, more or less, by a British moral philosopher in the 19th century, and offers some practical suggestions as to what jurors should be told by the trial judge.
Biprobability approach to CP phase degeneracy from non-standard neutrino interactions

Abstract Non-standard interactions (NSI) between neutrinos and matter at long-baseline experiments could make determination of the CP-violating phase δ 13 ambiguous due to interference with additional complex phases. Such degeneracies are often studied in the context of specific experiments and a few parameter choices, leaving it unclear how to extract a general understanding of when two sets of parameters may be degenerate or how different types of experiments in principle combine to lift such a degeneracy. This work complements detailed simulations of individual experiments by showing how underlying parameters relate to degeneracies as represented on a biprobability plot. We show how a range of energies near the oscillation maximum Δ 31 = π / 2 separates some degenerate probabilities along the CP-conserving direction of biprobability space according to δ + ≡ δ 13 + δ e τ , while near Δ 31 = 3 π / 2 degenerate probabilities are separated along the CP-violating direction according to δ e τ . We apply this to the experimental hints that suggest δ 13 ∼ − π / 2 to see that this could also be consistent with δ 13 , δ e τ = 0 or π. The baseline and energy range characteristic of DUNE provides some resolution, but a further improvement comes from beams a few degrees off-axis at ≳1000 km baselines, including some proposed sites for T2HKK.
Building constituencies through evidence-based outreach: Findings from an archaeological STEM camp for International Baccalaureate high school students in the USA

A recent Society for American Archaeology poll of Americans over the age of 18 revealed that while 93% of Americans believe that the ‘work archaeologists do is important,’ only half of Americans ar...
Nonclassical testosterone signaling through ZIP9 renders melanoma more aggressive in males than in females

Abstract Melanoma and most other cancers occur more frequently, and have worse prognosis, in males vs. females. Though sex steroids are thought to be involved, melanoma lacks classical androgen and estrogen receptors. Here we show that testosterone promotes melanoma proliferation by activating ZIP9/SLC39A9, a zinc channel that is not intentionally targeted by any available therapeutics. Testosterone’s pro-tumorigenic activity requires zinc influx, MAPK activation and YAP1 nuclear translocation. We demonstrate that inhibitors of the classical androgen receptor (AR), also inhibit ZIP9, and thereby antagonize the pro-tumorigenic effects of testosterone in melanoma. In male mice, AR inhibitors suppressed growth of ZIP9 expressing melanomas, but had no effect on isogenic melanomas lacking ZIP9, nor on melanomas in females. These data suggest that ZIP9 might be effectively targeted in melanoma and other cancers by repurposing modern AR inhibitors, which are currently approved only for prostate cancer.
Riparian and adjacent upland forests burned synchronously during dry years in eastern Oregon (1650–1900 CE), USA

Riparian forests link terrestrial and freshwater communities and therefore understanding the landscape context of fire regimes in these forests is critical to fully understanding the landscape ecology. However, few direct studies of fire regimes exist for riparian forests, especially in the landscape context of adjacent upland forests or studies of long-term climate drivers of riparian forest fires. We reconstructed a low-severity fire history from tree rings in 38 1-ha riparian plots and combined them with existing fire histories from 104 adjacent upland plots to yield 2633 fire scars sampled on 454 trees. Historically (1650–1900), low-severity fires burned more frequently in upland than in riparian plots, but this difference was not significant (P = 0.15). During more than half of the fire years at both sites, fires were extensive and burned synchronously in riparian and upland plots, and climate was significantly dry during these years. However, climate was not significantly dry when fires burned in only one plot type. Historically, entire riparian zones likely burned in these two study sites of the Blue Mountains during dry years. This study suggests that riparian and upland forests could be managed similarly, especially given the projected increases to fire frequency and intensity from impending climate change.
A distinct molecular mechanism by which phenytoin rescues a novel long QT 3 variant

Abstract Background Genetic variants in SCN5A can result in channelopathies such as the long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), but the therapeutic response to Na+ channel blockers can vary. We previously reported a case of an infant with malignant LQT3 and a missense Q1475P SCN5A variant, who was effectively treated with phenytoin, but only partially with mexiletine. Here, we functionally characterized this variant and investigated possible mechanisms for the differential drug actions. Methods Wild-type or mutant Nav1.5 cDNAs were examined in transfected HEK293 cells with patch clamping and biochemical assays. We used computational modeling to provide insights into altered channel kinetics and to predict effects on the action potential. Results The Q1475P variant in Nav1.5 reduced the current density and channel surface expression, characteristic of a trafficking defect. The variant also led to positive shifts in the voltage dependence of steady-state activation and inactivation, faster inactivation and recovery from inactivation, and increased the “late” Na+ current. Simulations of Nav1.5 gating with a 9-state Markov model suggested that transitions from inactivated to closed states were accelerated in Q1475P channels, leading to accumulation of channels in non-inactivated closed states. Simulations with a human ventricular myocyte model predicted action potential prolongation with Q1475P, compared with wild type, channels. Patch clamp data showed that mexiletine and phenytoin similarly rescued some of the gating defects. Chronic incubation with mexiletine, but not phenytoin, rescued the Nav1.5-Q1475P trafficking defect, thus increasing mutant channel expression. Conclusions The gain-of-function effects of Nav1.5-Q1475P predominate to cause a malignant long QT phenotype. Phenytoin partially corrects the gating defect without restoring surface expression of the mutant channel, whereas mexiletine restores surface expression of the mutant channel, which may explain the lack of efficacy of mexiletine when compared to phenytoin. Our data makes a case for experimental studies before embarking on a one-for-all therapy of arrhythmias.
E-045 The time burden of CTP in late window presenters

Introduction After the DAWN and DEFUSE3 trials, CTP imaging became an integral part in the patient selection for endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who present 6 to 24 hours within symptom onset. However, there is no consensus on the benefit of CTP evaluation as there is insufficient real-world data on the treatment delays CTP may pose. We highlight the time burden of CTP acquisition by investigating the time metrics and clinical outcomes of patients who were evaluated by CTP in the late time window. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent EVT from January 1, 2017 to March 30, 2019 was conducted. Patients were grouped into CTP and No-CTP cohorts by whether CTP was acquired prior to EVT. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were performed on dependent variables. Binomial logistic regression models with baseline predictors were run on clinical outcomes. Image acquisition time was defined as the first image to the last image acquired at the central hospital. Good outcome was defined as mRS 0–2 while bad outcome was 3–6. Results 88 patients presented 6 hours from symptom onset and underwent EVT for an anterior circulation occlusion, 75 of whom were evaluated with CTP. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts’ baseline characteristics (p>0.05). Refer to table 1 for time metrics. Logistic regression models, with baseline predictors of age, gender, baseline NIHSS, ASPECTS and mRS scores, were run to assess whether CTP acquisition predicted intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) presence and functional outcome at discharge and 90 days. CTP acquisition did not add any significant predictive value on functional outcomes at discharge (p=0.439), at 90 days (p=0.271), or on the presence of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (p=0.626). Age and baseline NIHSS significantly predicted bad outcome at discharge (Age: p=0.009, OR=1.071; NIHSS: p=0.003, OR=1.183) and 90 days (Age: p=0.012, OR=1.066; NIHSS: p=0.023, OR=1.121). A separate regression model using image acquisition time as a predictor of bad outcome at discharge showed a positive trend that did not meet significance (p=0.106, OR=1.018). Conclusion Our retrospective analysis highlights the prolonged time to treatment in late window presenters evaluated with CTP due to the additional image acquisition time which could include inter-imaging delays such as image processing and interpretation. Acquisition of CTP for patient selection for EVT is neither justified by added safety, as determined by the presence of ICH, nor better functional outcomes at discharge or 90 days. Future randomized, controlled trials should evaluate the workflow time continuum and effect on outcomes for further optimization of patient selection methods for EVT in the late time window. Disclosures K. Wu: None. A. Ouf: None. J. Mocco: None. J. Fifi: None. H. Shoirah: None.
Signatures of bulge triaxiality from kinematics in Baade's window

We study a sample of 62 Baade's Window, (l,b) = (1, -4)deg, K giants that have published proper motions, radial velocity, and metallicity. Using R(sub 0) = 8 kpc, we construct the velocity ellipsoids, namely the 3x3 velocity dispersion tensors, for the metal rich stars ((Fe/H) greater than or equal to 0) and metal poor stars ((Fe/H) less than or equal to -0.2). After diagonalizing the tensor, we find a vertex deviation characteristic of a nonaxisymmetric system. Eigenvalues for the two velocity ellipsoids (sigma(sub 1), sigma(sub 2), sigma(sub 3)) are (126, 89, 65) +/- 13 km/s for the metal rich sample and (154, 77, 83) +/- 25 km/s for the metal poor sample with their long axes pointing to two nearly perpendicular directions (l(sub v), b(sub v)) = (-65 +/- 9 deg, +14 +/- 9 deg) and (l(sub v), b(sub v)) = (25 +/- 14 deg, -11 +/- 14 deg), respectively. The vertex deviations of the velocity ellipsoids cannot be consistently explained by any oblate model. We are able to reject the hypothesis that the metal poor and metal rich populations are drawn from the same distribution at better than the 97% confidence level. We populate orbits in a realistic bar potential with a Gaussian velocity distribution, allowing us to simulate and interpret observations. We conclude that the data are consistent with a triaxial bulge pointing towards (l,b) with l less than 0 deg and b = 0 deg as suggested by earlier work on gas dynamics and the observed light distribution. We also predict that low latitude (absolute value of b less than or equal to 4 deg) bulge fields should show the vertex deviation more strongly and would therefore be the best locations for future proper motion studies. In the classification scheme of Athanassoula et al. (1983) the metal rich stars appear to occupy the B-family orbits which rotate in the prograde sense in the rest frame and have boxy shapes that are aligned with and supporting the bar. The metal poor stars in the sample lag behind the metal rich bulge and appear to occupy R-family orbits which rotate in the retrograde sense in the rest frame. They have nearly round loop shapes and are aligned perpendicularly to the bar, hence limit the triaxiality of the bar potential. The correlations between the metallicity and the orbit families can develop if the bulge forms dissipatively on a sufficiently long time scale. However, it is difficult to explain such correlations if most stars in the inner Galaxy form during the violent relaxation phase.
Violations During the Pandemic of Law School Faculties’ Authority to Decide Methods of Instruction

During the pandemic, some universities have required as much “in person” teaching as possible everywhere on campus — including a university’s law school. Universities and their administrators who did this were wrong for three reasons. First, their fears that students would not enroll unless taught “in person” turned out to be unfounded. National postgraduate and professional school enrollment, including law school enrollment, actually increased even though almost half the country’s colleges and universities began the fall semester or quickly went primarily or entirely online. Second, these weren’t decisions about public health alone. They were also decisions about the quality of education. “In person” usually turned out to be an untested and primitive form of hybrid instruction that has no track record and has never been used on any scale before. During the pandemic the choice has never been between genuine “in person” teaching and online teaching. Public health concerns continually put some students online because of contagion risks. The real choice has been between fully online teaching (nobody in a classroom) and simultaneous hybrid teaching (some students in a classroom while others participate online). In many but not all situations, simultaneous hybrid teaching is demonstrably worse than fully online teaching. Third, university administrators who made unilateral decisions about methods of instruction violated basic rules on shared governance under the nationally authoritative 1966 AAUP Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities. The AAUP has already begun investigating some colleges and universities on this basis. And to the extent a university’s unilateral decisions included a law school, the university’s actions also violated the American Bar Association’s accreditation standards and the Association of American Law Schools’ Bylaws. A law school needs ABA accreditation for its graduates to take the bar exam, and nearly all law schools are AALS members. The ABA accreditation standards and AALS Bylaws combine to require that decisions about modality — modes of teaching — be made by a law school’s faculty, not by administrators elsewhere and imposed on the law school.
Who Decides? Financial Decision-Making Among Older Couples

Using a sample of 2621 respondents from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study identifies factors associated with who makes complex financial decisions among older couples. Our results show that the bargaining power of wives has a positive association with their decision-making about savings, investments, and health insurance, while the power of husbands is negatively associated with wives being more responsible for decisions about health insurance and tax filing. Moreover, while the husband’s sense of control, risk tolerance, and cognitive ability are associated with decisions for all financial decisions, the wife’s sense of control, risk tolerance, and cognitive ability are related to some financial decisions only. Our results show some moderating roles of the perceived spousal social support, household income, and mother’s education on the association between the four explanatory variables (bargaining power, sense of control, risk tolerance, and cognitive ability) and who makes the financial decisions. The findings provide potential benefits for older couples who consult financial professionals about financial management.
Radiated Electromagnetic Interference Modeling for Three Phase Motor Drive Systems with SiC Power Modules

SiC power devices have become the most promising candidates to replace the Si devices. However, the fast switching speed and switching frequency of SiC power modules raise the concern of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this paper, the radiated EMI is analyzed for a three-phase motor drive system for electric vehicle (EV) and more electric aircraft (MEA) applications. The EMI noise sources generated by the isolated gate drivers as well as the SiC MOSFETs are analyzed in detail. The noise propagation paths are identified. An analytical model is built to calculate the radiated electric field emission in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Simulation and experimental results show a good agreement between the proposed analytical model and the measured radiated EMI. Based on the proposed model, radiated EMI reduction techniques are discussed.
Development of a Model for Use in Pharmaceutical Trials

The most common method for inducing pneumonicpasteurellosis in cattle for the study of therapeutic andimmunologic interventions is to instill fresh live culturesof Pasteurella haemolytica into the trachea, into mainstem bronchi, or into the thoracic cavity percutaneously(transthoracic). Evaluating therapeutic outcome may includecomparisons of clinical recovery, mortality, weightgain, or other response variables. Our initial efforts to induce pneumonia in beef calves utilizing a model previously validated in neonatal dairy calves produced inconsistent results. In order to use the model in pharmacotherapeutic trials, disease must be reliably produced. We were interested in developing a model for induction of pneumonia in weaned beef calves (approximately 400 lbs.) so that differences in body temperature, lung consolidation and neutrophil function could be used to compare antimicrobial therapies.
Survey of commercially available cheese for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Seventy-eight commercial cheese samples were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli . None of the 136 E. coli isolates obtained produced either heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxin, as measured in standard assays. None agglutinated in polyvalent antisera used to screen for classical enteropathogenic serotypes. None of the 47 E. coli isolates obtained from six raw milk samples produced enterotoxin, but eight agglutinated in one or more of the polyvalent antisera.
User-Constrained Clustering in Online Requirements Forums

[Context & motivation:] Software development projects involving geographically dispersed stakeholders often use web-based discussion forums to gather feature requests. Our previous study showed that users have a tendency to create redundant threads as well as large unfocused mega-threads. [Question/problem:] In this paper we propose novel solution for integrating user feedback into the process of dynamically and iteratively clustering features into discussion threads. [Principal ideas/results:] We integrate feed back in the form of stick-together and move-apart advice, plus user-defined tags into our consensus based clustering process. [Contribution:] Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is able to deliver high quality and stable clusters to facilitate forum-based requirements elicitation.
Efectos de la cocaína sobre la excitabilidad celular

One is as old as the discovery of the Americas, empirical observation refers to the custom of the Andean Indians chew coca leaves (Erythroxilon coca) in order to prevent hunger and avoid fatigue. It is difficult to consider this interesting fact from an experimental point of view, since the physiological mechanisms related to the phenomena of hunger and fatigue are complicated. Cocaine, the active ingredient of coca leaves (Gardekem 1855), is probably the substance responsible for the effects noted.
Physics of Coronal Mass Ejections: A New Paradigm of Solar Eruptions

The prevailing framework of understanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and, indeed, solar eruptions in general is the hypothesis that the quasi-static changes in the photospheric magnetic field increases the magnetic energy in the corona and causes sudden release of the stored energy. However, this hypothesis, which may be called the `storage-release' paradigm, has yet to produce a quantitative model of CMEs and their heliospheric consequences. Recently, a new theory has been proposed to explain the physics of CMEs. This theory posits that the initial structure is a magnetic flux rope that is ultimately connected to the solar dynamo in the convection zone and that magnetic energy propagating from the source along the submerged magnetic structure enters the corona and drives the eruption. Specifically, the theory describes CMEs as the dynamical response of coronal flux ropes to the `injected' poloidal flux and predicts that CMEs evolve into interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs). In a recent series of studies, the physics-based theory was shown to correctly describe the observed dynamics of a class of CMEs and the properties of MCs, providing the first unified description of the CME-MC dynamics. The apparent success of the theory suggests a new paradigm in which CMEs are viewed as a relaxation process in response to the increased magnetic energy propagating from the dynamo. The motion of a flux rope and its magnetic energy is everywhere given by $$\tilde \upsilon \lesssim 1$$ , where $$\tilde \upsilon \equiv \upsilon /V_M {\text{ and }}V_M $$ is the local characteristic speed. It is predicted that the injected poloidal flux can cause a subtle but distinct signature in the tangential field at the base of the corona. The tangential field, which is difficult to observe, and the poloidal magnetic energy have been neglected in previous theories. This paper reviews the current CME research, compares the physics of the two competing paradigms, and suggests new observable magnetic field signatures.
Seeing Like a Non-State: Rastafari, Schmitt, and the Agency of 'The Movement'

This paper explores the work of the German jurist, philosopher, and political theorist Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) and the ideas of Rastafari, begun in 1930 on the island of Jamaica, in order to elucidate two post-Hegelian conceptions of political agency. In particular, the argument asserts that Schmitt and the Rastafari each formulate unique understandings of non-state actors via the notion of “the movement” (also referred to herein as a “political movement”). The author contends that an examination of the idea of the movement - a concept central in sociology, history, and the comparative politics sub-field of political science, yet largely ignored by contemporary political theorists - allows for a robust understanding of political agency in dark times. Moreover, the paper offers a heretical interpretation that rejects both analyses reducing Schmitt to a purely state-centric thinker and scholarship provicializing Rastafari outside the realm of comparative political thought.
User interface to automate the collection and processing of data for discrete event simulation projects

Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is a powerful tool of modeling and analysis used in different disciplines. DES projects rely heavily on data in order to compute different parameters that drive the simulations. DES is usually performed on specialized DES software, which performs the simulations but does not prepare the data to set up the simulations. Professionals and practitioners who use DES agree that the preparation of data for DES projects is a highly manual process and is extremely time consuming in relationship to the entire duration of DES projects. On average 31% of DES projects' time is devoted to input data management. This paper presents an innovative user interface, which collects and processes data for DES projects in an automated manner, producing results in real-time in response to intuitive user inputs. The proposed interface intends to address the manual data collection and processing (MDCAP) problem prevalent in DES projects.
Observations on the use of spinal anesthesia in abdominal obstetric operations

Abstract Pregnancy, whether or not we view it as a physiologic state, is all too often a complicating factor in preexisting organic disease of the individual. Quite as important and serious are the metabolic and organic disturbances, which occur with, and are directly attributable to, human gestation. It all too frequently happens, when certain of these conditions apply, that the life or health of the mother is endangered. This situation presumes a risk to the viable child equally as great as that of the mother. If operative termination of the pregnancy is indicated, the necessity for obviating all possible damage due to the anesthetic must be considered. The safety of the patient is always a paramount consideration. Therefore, the employment of any anesthetic agent which increases the risk to the patient can be justified only by definite compensating advantages which accrue through its use. In certain of the complications of pregnancy, spinal anesthesia may be employed to good advantage. It is the purpose of the present discussion to attempt an evaluation of its advantages and disadvantages under the conditions mentioned above.
Governance and poverty reduction in Africa.

A careful review of the literature in political science and neighboring social science disciplines shows that prevailing assumptions in the international development policy community about improved governance as a principal mechanism to reduce poverty in Africa rests more on faith than science. Conventional policy models for tackling poverty fail to take into account the peculiar socioeconomic and political conditions in Africa, where the vast majority of those living on one dollar a day or less are only marginally captured by market and state institutions and instead rely on solving their problems “outside the system.” Poverty reduction through formal institutions therefore becomes ineffective. Although political science and other neighboring social science disciplines offer insights into these peculiarities, these contributions have been largely ignored to date. One reason is that economists continue to dominate the international development policy agenda. Another is that political scientists have typically looked at how economic variables shape political ones, rather than the other way around, as implied in the current governance agenda. Governance remains an undertheorized area of research held back by two chasms, one between economists and other social scientists and another between the scientific and the policy communities, to the detriment of gaining a better understanding of how it may help reduce poverty in Africa.
The Tasks of Economics Education

Economics is too often taught poorly in college and universities. We too often present the material both in a boring and too complicated a fashion. Economics is counter-intuitive, but it can be, and should be, taught in an entertaining and simple manner -- stressing the basic principles of the discipline and stressing application of these principles to understand economic life in all its variety.
Distributed subglacial discharge drives significant submarine melt at a Greenland tidewater glacier

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-8007/
Foxes Propose New Guidelines for Henhouse Design: Comments on NISO’s Proposed Open Access Metadata Standards

This commentary is in response to: NISO RP-22-201x, Open Access Metadata and Indicators (draft for comment), which is available at: http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/document.php?document_id=12047
Geographic Variation of Radioiodine Uptake in Euthyroid Subjects

Abstract Thyroid uptake data for over 18,000 euthyroid subjects were obtained from 103 different observers. From these data, using methods described earlier (J Clin Endocr 28: 776, 1968), a characteristic mean daily dietary intake of iodine was calculated for each patient population. Average intake is higher in the continental United States than in most foreign locations studied; the latter included Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Great Britain and some European continental centers. Within the United States there are smaller, but statistically significant, geographic variations of ; intake appears to be lower in the northeastern states than in southern and western states. Minor differences in were found between different racial groups studied in Hawaii.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOL GRADUATES AT PRINCETON

The regressions of average grade in liberal arts at Princeton on ability measures were compared for graduates of public and private schools. Public school graduates were found to be superior to private school graduates in freshman average grade when ability as measured by SAT-V is taken into account. The public school graduates were also found to be superior with respect to sophomore average when ability is taken into account, whether ability is measured by first-term average grade, the Converted School Grade, SAT-V, or a combination of first-term average with Converted School Grade. Freshman grades can be predicted somewhat more accurately by separate consideration of public and private school graduates. Abacs are described which provide an easy graphical method for translating scores on ability measures into predicted grades.
Acquired coronary artery fistula to the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Congenital coronary artery fistula communicating with the right side of the heart has been reported. 1 However, acquired coronary artery fistulas after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare clinical entity. 2 We observed a patient in whom 2 left coronary artery fistulas communicated with the left ventricular chamber several months after AMI.
Affective Mediation of Homophobic Reactions to Homosexual Males

Abstract In a test of the assumed dissimilarity/revulsion (AD/R) model of homophobia, 58 heterosexual males who differed in homophobia participated in an acquaintanceship exercise with a male partner who self-disclosed, midway through the exercise, that his sexual orientation was homosexual or heterosexual. As predicted by the AD/R model, (1) participants high in homophobia became less emotionally invested in their self-disclosures after learning of a homosexual partner's sexual orientation, whereas those low in homophobia disclosed with more emotion over time; (2) participants high in homophobia interacting with a homosexual partner reported more negative affect stemming from the acquaintanceship exercise, evaluated their partner less favorably and indicated greater desired and actual social distancing from their partner than did participants in the remaining three conditions; and (3) the relatively negative behavioral/evaluative responses of participants high in homophobia to homosexual (but not heteros...
Dynamic recrystallization in CuP and CuGe single crystals

Abstract The dynamic recrystallization behavior of CuP (containing 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 wt.%P) and CuGe (containing 0.5, 4.0 or 9.0 wt.% Ge) single crystals was investigated at a deformation temperature of 850°C. With increasing solute concentration the dynamic recrystallization kinetics slow down, growth selection rapidly decreases, especially for the CuP system, and multiple twinning proceeds to high orders. The recrystallization stress apparently decreases with increasing solute concentration but behaves reasonably when normalized with the appropriate shear modulus, compared at the homologous temperature, and under the assumption that the stacking fault energy decreases with increasing solute content.
Genome-wide SNP arrays as a diagnostic tool: clinical description, genetic mapping, and molecular characterization of Salla disease in an Old Order Mennonite population.

An Old Order Mennonite child was evaluated for gross motor delay, truncal ataxia, and slow linear growth. The diagnostic evaluation, which included sub-specialty consultations, neuroimaging, and metabolic testing, was long, costly, and did not yield a diagnosis. Recognition of a similarly affected second cousin prompted a genome-wide homozygosity mapping study using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. SNP genotypes from two affected individuals and their parents were used to localize the disease locus to a 14.9 Mb region on chromosome 6. This region contained 55 genes, including SLC17A5, the gene encoding the lysosomal N-acetylneuraminic acid transport protein. Direct sequencing of SLC17A5 in the proband revealed homozygosity for the 115C T (R39C) sequence variant, the common cause of Salla disease in Finland. Three additional affected Mennonite individuals, ages 8 months to 50 years, were subsequently identified by directed molecular genetic testing. This small-scale mapping study was rapid, inexpensive, and analytically simple. In families with shared genetic heritage, genome-wide SNP arrays with relatively high marker density allow disease gene mapping studies to be incorporated into routine diagnostic evaluations. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laminar Natural Convection in a High-Aspect-Ratio Inclined Rectangular Duct

Natural convection heat transfer in a high-aspect-ratio rectangular duct with one wall subjected to a uniform heat flux and the other wall insulated has been analyzed. A control-volume-based numerical technique has been used in the analysis. Calculations were mainly performed for the corresponding two-dimensional channel flow. Some three-dimensional duct flow computations were carried out in order to validate the channel flow approximation. Numerical results are reported for different combinations of mass flow rates and channel (duct) inclinations to the horizontal. Local Nusselt numbers as well as velocity and temperature distributions are presented.
Comparison of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) cohort with women with coronary disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III)

Abstract Background The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) is the first large clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen/progestin therapy for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). To examine the representativeness of the HERS cohort to the general population of postmenopausal women with CHD, we compared the baseline cardiovascular risk factor data from HERS with similar data from women presumed to have CHD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Methods Age, race, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were compared in the 2763 postmenopausal women younger than 80 years old, with a uterus, and with documented CHD in HERS versus 145 similarly aged women with clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of CHD from phase I of NHANES III. Results There were fewer current smokers in HERS (13%) than in the NHANES cohort (21.7%, p = 0.05). Similarly, a history of hypertension was less prevalent in HERS (58.6%) than in the NHANES cohort (69.3%, p = 0.03). Women with fasting triglyceride levels >3.39 mmol/L or fasting glucose levels >16.6 mmol/L were excluded from HERS, resulting in fewer diabetics (22.9% vs 29.5%, p = 0.26) and lower serum triglyceride levels (1.88 mmol/L vs 2.25 mmol/L, p = 0.19) in HERS versus the NHANES cohort. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, physical activity, and total LDL and HDL cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions The HERS cohort had fewer CHD risk factors than women with myocardial infarction or angina in NHANES III, although comparison is hindered by differences in selection criteria. The many women with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia in the NHANES cohort emphasizes the importance of testing strategies for secondary prevention of CHD in this high-risk subgroup. (Am Heart J 1998;136;115-24.)
Subadult scurvy in Andean South America: Evidence of vitamin C deficiency in the late pre-Hispanic and Colonial Lambayeque Valley, Peru

Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency and is a key paleopathological indicator of subadult health and nutritional status in the past. Yet, little is known about scurvy in human remains from South America and the Peruvian Central Andes in particular. In the Lambayeque Valley Complex on the north coast of Peru, a sample of 641 archaeologically recovered subadults (A.D. 900-1750) were scored for the skeletal manifestations of vitamin C deficiency, testing the hypotheses that scurvy was common in this region and that prevalence increased following European contact. The findings reveal only five convincing cases of scurvy; overall prevalence appears extremely low, and scurvy did not become perceptibly more common following conquest. Of diagnostic interest, complex ectocranial vascular impressions were documented in two cases. Though rarely attributed to scurvy, examination suggests they formed during scorbutic episodes. Another Colonial Period subadult may demonstrate comorbidity between scurvy and rickets. This work also provides new questions for the investigation of scurvy in Andean South America.
Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (ICARE): a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Residual disability after stroke is substantial; 65% of patients at 6 months are unable to incorporate the impaired upper extremity into daily activities. Task-oriented training programs are rapidly being adopted into clinical practice. In the absence of any consensus on the essential elements or dose of task-specific training, an urgent need exists for a well-designed trial to determine the effectiveness of a specific multidimensional task-based program governed by a comprehensive set of evidence-based principles. The Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (ICARE) Stroke Initiative is a parallel group, three-arm, single blind, superiority randomized controlled trial of a theoretically-defensible, upper extremity rehabilitation program provided in the outpatient setting. The primary objective of ICARE is to determine if there is a greater improvement in arm and hand recovery one year after randomization in participants receiving a structured training program termed Accelerated Skill Acquisition Program (ASAP), compared to participants receiving usual and customary therapy of an equivalent dose (DEUCC). Two secondary objectives are to compare ASAP to a true (active monitoring only) usual and customary (UCC) therapy group and to compare DEUCC and UCC. Following baseline assessment, participants are randomized by site, stratified for stroke duration and motor severity. 360 adults will be randomized, 14 to 106 days following ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke onset, with mild to moderate upper extremity impairment, recruited at sites in Atlanta, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) time score is the primary outcome at 1 year post-randomization. The Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) hand domain is a secondary outcome measure. The design includes concealed allocation during recruitment, screening and baseline, blinded outcome assessment and intention to treat analyses. Our primary hypothesis is that the improvement in log-transformed WMFT time will be greater for the ASAP than the DEUCC group. This pre-planned hypothesis will be tested at a significance level of 0.05. ICARE will test whether ASAP is superior to the same number of hours of usual therapy. Pre-specified secondary analyses will test whether 30 hours of usual therapy is superior to current usual and customary therapy not controlled for dose. http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00871715
A review of: “Phthalocyanine Materials: Synthesis, Structure and Function by Neil B. Mc Keown, Cambridge University Press, 1998; ISBN 0–521–49623–3; xvii + 193 pages; $74.95”

(1999). A review of: “Phthalocyanine Materials: Synthesis, Structure and Function by Neil B. Mc Keown, Cambridge University Press, 1998; ISBN 0–521–49623–3; xvii + 193 pages; $74.95”. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals: Vol. 333, No. 1, pp. 285-286.
Rapid induction of chromatin-associated DNA mismatch repair proteins after MNNG treatment

Treatment with low concentrations of monofunctional alkylating agents induces a G2 arrest only after the second round of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells and requires a proficient mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. Here we have investigated rapid alkylation-induced recruitment of DNA repair proteins to chromosomal DNA within synchronized populations of MMR proficient cells (HeLa MR) after MNNG treatment. Within the first hour, the concentrations of MutSα and PCNA increase well beyond their constitutive chromosomally bound levels and MutLα is newly recruited to the chromatin-bound MutSα. Remarkably, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate rapid association of these proteins on the alkylation-damaged chromatin, even when DNA replication is completely blocked. The extent of association of PCNA and MMR proteins on the chromatin is dependent upon the concentration of MNNG and on the specific type of replication block. A subpopulation of the MutSα-associated PCNA also becomes monoubiquitinated, a known requirement for PCNA to interact with translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases. In addition, chromatin-bound SMC1 and NBS1 proteins, associated with DNA double-strand-breaks (DSBs), become phosphorylated within one to two hours of exposure to MNNG. However, these activated proteins are not colocalized on the chromatin with MutSα in response to MNNG exposure. PCNA, MutSα/MutLα and activated SMC1/NBS1 remain chromatin-bound for at least 6–8 hours after alkylation damage. Thus, cells that are exposed to low levels of alkylation treatment undergo rapid recruitment to and/or activation of key proteins already on the chromatin without the requirement for DNA replication, apparently via different DNA-damage signaling pathways.
Exploring self-regulation in group contexts

Research on group processes that advances student learning has the potential to support current efforts aimed at introducing technological innovations into classrooms that encourage student collaboration. The current study focuses specifically on group processes that emerge during collaborative learning by exploring how groups use behavioral and cognitive regulation when working on collaborative tasks. Within our analyses, we examined evidence for group selfregulation among two 4-person groups of sixth grade students while they worked on three different group activities as part of a mathematics unit on statistics and graphing. Results suggest that groups made consistent efforts at regulating their learning and engagement, but that the overall quality of group regulation varied. In addition, our findings support the application of the general categories of behavioral and cognitive regulation to regulatory processes in groups, but suggest that specific aspects of self-regulation may be especially important in group contexts.
Predictive tree-structured vector quantization for medical image compression and its evaluation with computerized image analysis

We present a predictive learning tree-structured vector quantization technique for medical image compression. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) based vector predictor is employed to remove first as well as higher order correlations that exist among neighboring pixels. We use a learning tree-structured vector quantization (LTSVQ) scheme, which is based on competitive learning (CL) algorithm, to encode the residual vector. LTSVQ algorithm is computationally very efficient, easy to implement and provides performance comparable to that of LBG (Linde, Buzo and Gray) algorithm. We use computerized image analysis (image segmentation) as well as mean square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to evaluate the quality of the compressed images. We apply the neural network based predictive LTSVQ to mammographic and magnetic resonance (MR) images, and evaluate the quality of images with different compression ratios.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus?

Mrs Thatcher has cited the breaking of the post-war political consensus, established with the support of dominant groups in the Conservative and Labour parties, as one of her objectives. In this penetrating study of her style and performance, she emerges as both the midwife and the product of the collapse of consensus. Mrs Thatcher has cited the breaking of the post-war political consensus, established with the support of dominant groups in the Conservative and Labour parties, as one of her objectives. In this penetrating study of her style and performance, she emerges both as the midwife of the collapse of consensus and also as its product.