cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analyses of Nuclear 18S rRNA Gene Sequences Indicate That the Mastophoroideae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is a Polyphyletic Taxon

Nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences were determined for six species representing three genera classified within the Mastophoroideae and also for two species of Amphiroa (Lithophylloideae). These data were combined with previously published 18S rRNA sequences for 37 other coralline species and analyzed to: (1) determine the phylogenetic position of the Mastophoroideae within the Corallinales; and (2) examine relationships among Hydrolithon, Metamastophora, Neogoniolithon, and Spongites. Trees derived from parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these data indicate that the Mastophoroideae is not monophyletic. Instead, our data suggest that group is polyphyletic and includes species belonging to three (or more) distinct evolutionary lineages. The nongeniculate genus Neogoniolithon is resolved as sister to the geniculate subfamily Corallinoideae. Hydrolithon is resolved as sister to the geniculate genus Metagoniolithon, an Australian endemic. In turn, Spongites is positioned at the base of a clade including Hydrolithon/Metagoniolithon as well as species classified in the Lithophylloideae. Finally, Metamastophora is placed in a well supported, but isolated, position as sister to all other taxa bearing uniporate tetrasporangial conceptacles. Our results imply that some reproductive and vegetative characters among the suite of features used to delimit the Mastophoroideae were acquired independently and are not homologous. Significantly, our results suggest that genicula are nonhomologous structures that evolved independently in four separate coralline taxa and from four nongeniculate ancestors belonging to distinct evolutionary lineages. On the basis of our findings Porolithon pachydermum is transferred to Hydrolithon as H. pachydermum (Foslie).
Comparative Effects of a Purified Diet and a Natural Food Stock Ration on the Occurrence of Periodontal Lesions in Thyrotoxic Rats

Thyrotoxic rats developed severe periodontal disease after a few weeks on a purified diet containing all known nutrients. Lesions did not occur in thyrotoxic rats fed a natural food stock ration nor the purified diet with dietary supplements.
Multilevel lumbar laminotomies for focal spinal stenosis: case report.

On decrit un cas de stenose rachidienne lombaire spondylasique chez une femme âgee infirme, traitee avec succes par des laminotomies en de multiples etages. Ce procede est moins fatiguant pour les malades qu'une laminotomie complete. Dans un sous-groupe de malades avec une stenose spondylosique en «sablier» elle peut assurer une decompression suffisante
Refining molecular potentials using atom interferometry

We present a theoretical study of the index of refraction of argon for the propagation of sodium matter waves. The sensitivity of the index of refraction to the details of the molecular potential curve is analyzed. Our calculations reveal velocity-dependent oscillations in the index of refraction that may be detectable, particularly at low temperatures, in atom interferometry measurements. A procedure for refining molecular potential curves is outlined. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
The heat capacity of liquid metals

Abstract The heat capacity of a liquid metal is made up of several contributions: a kinetic term, an electronic term, a dilation term, and a configurational term due to interactomic forces. The theory of the radial distribution function is used to establish a corresponding states correlation of the configurational heat capacities of six low-melting metals. It is suggested that this correlation may be used to estimate the configurational contribution to the specific heats of other liquid metals. For instance, it might be used to decompose the abnormally high heat capacity of a molten transition metal in order to investigate its electronic energies. The theory is also used to explain the observed temperature dependence of liquid metal heat capacities.
DISTRIBUTION AND HEAT INACTIVATION OF LIPID‐DEGRADING ENZYMES IN POTATO TUBER

A study was made on the distribution in potato tubers of two lipiddegrading enzymes, lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) and lipoxygenase (LOX), and of peroxidase (POD). The LAH showed higher activity at the stem end than at the bud end of tubers whereas LOX (and to a lesser extent POD) were more concentrated in the cortical tissues outside the vascular ring. A preliminary study of heat inactivation of the enzymes in situ indicated a decreasing resistance to inactivation in the order POD > LOX > LAH. The possible relevance of these results to potato processing is discussed.
Shear yield and crazing stresses in selected glassy polymers

The plane strain shear yield stress and the triaxial crazing stress were determined for several commercial glassy polymers as a function of temperature. The polymers considered were: polycarbonate (Lexan®), polysulfone (Udel®), polyetherimide (Ultem®), polyarylate (Arylon®), and an amorphous nylon (Zytel® 330). When normalized to Tg the data for the various polymers were similar but not identical. An exception may be the triaxial crazing strains. In the temperature region between [T–Tg] = −300° and −50°C the crazing strains were all small (<1.5%), showed little temperature dependence, and appeared identical within the precision of our measurements. For temperatures below Tg and above any major secondary relaxation, Poisson's ratio was found to be constant for all of the polymers examined, 0.42 (±5%). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Persistence of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after oral or parenteral vaccination

Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and a serious zoonotic pathogen, most commonly contracted through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. To control this zoonosis, many countries have developed bovine tuberculosis eradication programmes. Although relatively successful, efforts are hindered in many regions by spillover from wildlife reservoirs of M. bovis to cattle. Such is the case in the United States where spillover of M. bovis from free-ranging white-tailed deer to cattle occurs. One approach to control such inter-species transmission is vaccination of wildlife. The live, attenuated human vaccine M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been shown to reduce disease severity in white-tailed deer; however, vaccine persistence within tissues has also been noted. Consumption of venison containing BCG by hunters may present a public health concern as BCG exposure, although unlikely to cause disease, could cause false positive tuberculin skin test results. To examine BCG persistence further, 42 white-tailed deer were vaccinated orally or subcutaneously (SC) with BCG Danish. Three deer from each group were killed and examined at periods ranging from 2 weeks to 11 months after vaccination. BCG was recovered from orally vaccinated deer as late as 3 months after vaccination, while BCG persisted in SC vaccinated deer for as long as 9 months. At no time was BCG isolated from meat; however, prolonged persistence was seen in lymphoid organs. Although vaccine persistence was noted, especially in SC vaccinated deer, the distribution of culture-positive tissues makes human exposure through consumption unlikely.
An investigation on local minima of a Hopfield network for optimization circuits

The Hopfield architecture can be utilized in the VLSI implementation of several important optimization functions. A description is given of the properties of local minima in the energy function of Hopfield networks. A novel design technique to eliminate such local minima has been developed. The neural-based analog-to-digital converter is used as an example to demonstrate this design technique. Experimental results agree well with theoretical calculations on the output characteristics of the analog-to-digital converter. >
On the role and controllability of persistent clients in traffic aggregates

Flash crowd events (FCEs) present a real threat to the stability of routers and end-servers. Such events are characterized by a large and sustained spike in client arrival rates, usually to the point of service failure. Traditional rate-based drop policies, such as Random Early Drop (RED), become ineffective in such situations since clients tend to be persistent, in the sense that they make multiple retransmission attempts before aborting their connection. As it is built into TCP's congestion control, this persistence is very widespread, making it a major stumbling block to providing responsive aggregate traffic controls. This paper focuses on analyzing and modeling the effects of client persistence on the controllability of aggregate traffic. Based on this model, we propose a new drop strategy called persistent dropping to regulate the arrival of SYN packets and achieves three important goals: 1) it allows routers and end-servers to quickly converge to their control targets without sacrificing fairness; 2) it minimizes the portion of client delay that is attributed to the applied controls; and 3) it is both easily implementable and computationally tractable. Using a real implementation of this controller in the Linux kernel, we demonstrate its efficacy, up to 60 % delay reduction for drop probabilities less than 0.5.
A STORY OF THE POQ'S FIFTY-YEAR ODYSSEY

This is a story-a true one, it is hoped-but not a history. The writer, having served as editor of the POQ and having been acquainted with all its other editors, several of whom he counts among his close friends, makes no protestations of disinterestedness. Further, he has relied heavily on his own memory and the memories of others for information about subjects for which documentary sources are either nonexistent or difficult of access. Errors of commission or omission will be readily acknowledged.
The solution of Maxwell’s equations in Kerr geometry

Explicit solutions for the vector-potential of a vacuum Maxwell-field in Kerr geometry are obtained in terms of Teukolsky’s radial and angular functions.
The Role of Law Clerks in the U.S. Supreme Court's Agenda-Setting Process

Do law clerks influence the decisions made by justices on the U.S. Supreme Court? Although numerous studies of law clerk influence exist, none has controlled for alternative factors that lead a jus...
Active wireless sensing for rapid information retrieval in sensor networks

Most existing information extraction schemes in sensor networks rely on in-network processing that requires information routing and coordination between sensor nodes and incurs a corresponding overhead in delay and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a viable alternative – Active Wireless Sensing (AWS) – in which a Wireless Information Retriever (WIR)queries a select ensemble of nodes to obtain desired information in a rapid and energy-efficient manner. AWS has two primary attributes: i) the sensor nodes are "dumb" in that they have limited computational ability, and ii) the WIR is computationally powerful, is equipped with an antenna array, and directly interrogates the sensor ensemble with wideband space-time waveforms. AWS is inspired by an intimate connection with communication over multipath channels: the sensor nodes act as active scatterers and produce a multipath response to the WIR's interrogation signals. We develop the basic communication architecture in AWS and explore various signaling and reception strategies at the WIR, and encoding strategies at the sensors. The basic communication architecture is quite flexible and can cater to a variety of information retrieval tasks. In particular, we illustrate the framework in two extreme information retrieval tasks: high-rate information retrieval corresponding to distributed independent sensor measurements, and low-rate retrieval corresponding to localized correlated measurements. A low-complexity interference suppression technique is proposed for significantly increasing the capacity and reliability of high-rate information retrieval. Performance analysis reveals a fundamental rate versus reliability tradeoff in AWS and is illustrated with accompanying simulation results.
Dilaton Tadpole for the Open Bosonic String

Abstract The amplitude for emission of a single dilaton for world-sheets with the topology of a disk is computed, using Polyakov's formulation of string theory. Combined with previous results this gives the complete amplitude to first non-trivial order in the string coupling constant. The total amplitude vanishes for gauge group SO(8192), while the vacuum energy is negative and independent of the gauge group.
Fully resolved immersed electrohydrodynamics for particle motion, electrolocation, and self-propulsion

Simulating the electric field-driven motion of rigid or deformable bodies in fluid media requires the solution of coupled equations of electrodynamics and hydrodynamics. In this work, we present a numerical method for treating such equations of electrohydrodynamics in an immersed body framework. In our approach, the electric field and fluid equations are solved on an Eulerian grid, and the immersed structures are modeled by meshless collections of Lagrangian nodes that move freely through the background Eulerian grid. Fluid-structure interaction is handled by an efficient distributed Lagrange multiplier approach, whereas the body force induced by the electric field is calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor. In addition, we adopt an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) approach to discretizing the equations that permits us to resolve localized electric field gradients and fluid boundary layers with relatively low computational cost. Using this framework, we address a broad range of problems, including the dielectrophoretic motion of particles in microfluidic channels, three-dimensional nanowire assembly, and the effects of rotating electric fields to orient particles and to separate cells using their dielectric properties in a lab-on-a-chip device. We also simulate the phenomenon of electrolocation, whereby an animal uses distortions of a self-generated electric field to locate objects. Specifically, we perform simulations of a black ghost knifefish that tracks and captures prey using electrolocation. Although the proposed tracking algorithm is not intended to correspond to the physiological tracking mechanisms used by the real knifefish, extensions of this algorithm could be used to develop artificial ''electrosense'' for underwater vehicles. To our knowledge, these dynamic simulations of electrolocation are the first of their kind.
Predictive Value of Gastric Parietal Cell Autoantibodies as a Marker for Gastric and Hematologic Abnormalities Associated with Insulin-dependent Diabetes

The frequency and significance of gastric parietal cell autoimmunity was assessed in 771 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) of onset before 30 yr of age. Gastric parietal autoantibodies (PCA) were found 4 times more frequently in the patients with IDD (9%) than among 600 matched nondiabetic controls (2%). Caucasian female patients with IDD had PCA twice as frequently as male patients. Thyroid microsomal autoantibodies were more frequent in patients with IDD and PCA, than in those with IDD alone (Caucasian 46% versus 18%, black 25% versus 2.5%). A history of pernicious anemia and/or PCA was found in 25 or 40 families of IDD probands with PCA. Achlorhydria was demonstrated in 6 of 11 patients (54%) with PCA but in none of seven IDD patients without PCA. The six patients with achlorhydria had significantly lower uptakes of oral radiolabeled cobalamin, lower serum cobalamin levels, lower intrinsic factor-R protein ratios in their gastric aspirates, and lower plasma ferritin levels than patients with IDD but without PCA. None of the study group had IF antibodies in their serum or gastric juice. Overt pernicious anemia and neuropathy were found in one patient with PCA. Young patients with IDD at risk for atrophic gastritis and cobalamin deficiency can initially be identified by screening for PCA. Many of these young patients with PCA already have achlorhydria and evidence of decreased absorption of cobalamin. These patients can then be followed with cobalamin levels and/or with complete blood counts to identify those requiring therapy.
Variation in transcription

The entextualization and recontextualization of speech via transcription is a fundamental methodology of discourse analysis. However, particularly for researchers concerned with sociopolitical issues in discourse, transcription is not a straightforward tool but a highly problematic yet necessary form of linguistic representation. Recent commentators have critiqued the inconsistency of researcher transcripts; by contrast, this article seeks to understand rather than remedy such variability, conceptualizing diversity in transcripts as a kind of linguistic variation. Examining four different types of variation in transcription practice - global format choices based on an analytic focus on content versus form, variation in the details of transcription format in reproducing one's own or others' transcripts, orthographic variation in a single transcript, and variation in translation - the article argues that although reflection about the transcription process cannot overcome the difficulties inherent in this methodology, it can allow scholars to be more attentive to their own transcription choices and their limitations and to make these explicit in their writing.
ACES: a transient simulation strategy for integrated circuits

Adaptively Controlled Explicit Simulation (ACES) is a transient simulation methodology for integrated circuits and systems. An adaptively controlled explicit integration approximation is used which overcomes the stability problems encountered in earlier explicit techniques. Piecewise linear models are used for nonlinear devices, which allows efficient simulation of MOS, bipolar and BiMOS circuits. With the combination of generality, exploitation of circuit latency and ability to vary accuracy effectively, ACES provides an efficient environment for transient simulation of integrated circuits and systems. >
Health and demography of native Amazonians: historical perspective and current status

Native Amazonians have been the victims of two massive historical assaults, one at the time of the Conquest and the other during the Twentieth century. Due to epidemic disease and environmental destruction, many tribes have gone from contact to displacement, decimation, and extinction in a single generation. Deculturation and the construction of large development projects have had catastrophic effects on native populations. In many ways, native Amazonians have experienced a reverse of the "Epidemiologic Transition". Paradoxically, one of the effects of cultural disruption for some native Amazonians has been the loss of cultural controls on fertility with the result that high fertility has become a major health problem. Combined with rapid growth of non-indigenous Amazonian populations, deforestation, and urbanization, native Amazonians face grave obstacles to long-term survival.
LONG-TERM METABOLIC ADVANTAGES OF A GASTROINTESTINAL COMPOSITE URINARY RESERVOIR

AbstractPurpose: We investigated the long-term metabolic impact of gastrointestinal composite reservoirs.Materials and Methods: Nine patients underwent construction of a gastroileal (7) or gastrocolonic (2) reservoir for continent urinary diversion. Four cases of metabolic acidosis were converted from a preexisting conduit and the other 5 patients had diversion for either preexisting metabolic acidosis or the short bowel syndrome. All were reconstructed using a medium sized gastric segment (8 × 4 cm.) from the greater curvature of the stomach. The anti-incontinence segment was constructed from a tapered and reimplanted ileal segment. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative measurements of serum pH, serum electrolytes, and urinalysis. Serum gastrin was measured in all patients postoperatively. Followup from surgery ranged from 47 to 61 months (mean 54.4).Results: All 9 patients demonstrated electrolyte neutrality in serum on long-term followup. Postoperative serum pH (mean 7.40) was significa...
Another perspective on the slow-growth/high-mortality hypothesis: Chilling effects on swallowtail larvae

The slower-growth/higher-mortality hypothesis proposes that reduced herbivore growth rates benefit plants because slower growing herbivores remain vulnerable to predator attack for an extended time period, resulting in a lower reduction in plant fitness attributed to herbivory. We propose cooling events as an alternative mechanism leading to higher mortality for slower growing larvae. We observed that, in the absence of predators, slower growing pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor) larvae had higher mortality compared to faster growing larvae during the unseasonably cool spring temperatures of 1998. However, this was not true for the warmer spring of 1999. Laboratory experiments showed that the probability of surviving a chill coma increased with larval mass. We propose that smaller larvae are susceptible to chilling events because they have less energy reserved for metabolism during a chill coma, and that “warm” chill events near the activity threshold may be more lethal than “cold” chill events. Weath...
Conditionally activating optical contrast agent with enhanced sensitivity via gold nanoparticle plasmon energy transfer: feasibility study

Molecular sensing/imaging utilizing fluorophores has been one of the most frequently used techniques in biomedical research. As for any molecular imaging techniques, fluorescence mediated sensing always seeks for greater specificity and sensitivity. Since fluorophores emit fluorescence while their electron energy state changes, manipulating the local electromagnetic field around the fluorophores may be a way to enhance the specificity and sensitivity. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are known to form a very strong electromagnetic field on their surface [i.e., surface plasmon field (SPF)], upon receiving photonic energy. The level of fluorescence change by GNP-SPF may range from complete quenching to extensive enhancement, depending upon the SPF strength, excitation and emission wavelengths, and quantum yield of the fluorophore. Here, we report a novel design that utilizes BOTH fluorescence quenching and enhancement abilities of the GNP in one single nano-entity, providing high specificity and sensitivity. The construct utilizes a specially designed molecular dual-spacer that places the fluorphore at the location with an appropriate GNP-SFP strength before and after exposed to the biomarker. A model system to test the concept was an optical signal mediator activated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA; breast cancer secreting enzyme). The resulting contrast agent shows less than 10% of the natural fluorescence but, in the presence of uPA, its fluorescence emission is triggered and emits its fluorescence approximately twice of the natural form. This study demonstrated that our novel design of an optical contrast agent can be conditionally activated with enhanced sensitivity, using both quenching and enhancement phenomena of fluorophores in the electromagnetic field of the appropriate strengths (in this case, locally generated by the GNP-SPF). This entity is similar to molecular beacon in terms of specificity but with greater sensitivity. In addition, it is not restricted to only DNA or RNA sensing but for any designs that cause the change in the distance between the fluorophore and GNP, upon the time of encountering biomarker of interest.
The coelacanth rostral organ is a unique low-resolution electro-detector that facilitates the feeding strike

The coelacanth rostral organ is a unique low-resolution electro-detector that facilitates the feeding strike
Approach and Avoidance Motivation in Psychopathic Criminal Offenders During Passive Avoidance

The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality of the theories by using an active avoidance phase to elicit the activating system. Heart rate and response speed results from Study 1 best supported the strong activating system and poor response modulation models in low-anxiety psychopathic offenders. Study 2 results did not clearly support any of the models. Further research is needed to determine if excessive activation by reward and poor response modulation are associated with passive avoidance deficits and other characteristics of low-anxiety psychopathic offenders.
Effects of Lecture Rate on Students’ Comprehension and Ratings of Topic Importance

Previous research on lecture rate has focused only on comprehension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lecture rate on both comprehension and perceived topic importance. Undergraduates either listened to an audiotaped recording or listened to and watched a videotaped recording of someone lecturing at three different rates. They then answered comprehension questions and rated the importance of the topic. Contrary to similar research in advertising and social psychology, students in the slowest lecture rate group rated the topic as more important and scored higher on the comprehension test than students in both faster rate groups. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of lecture learning.
Structural and Thermodynamic Effects of Macrocyclization in HCV NS3/4A Inhibitor MK-5172

Recent advances in direct-acting antivirals against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) have led to the development of potent inhibitors, including MK-5172, that target the viral NS3/4A protease with relatively low susceptibility to resistance. MK-5172 has a P2–P4 macrocycle and a unique binding mode among current protease inhibitors where the P2 quinoxaline packs against the catalytic residues H57 and D81. However, the effect of macrocyclization on this binding mode is not clear, as is the relation between macrocyclization, thermodynamic stabilization, and susceptibility to the resistance mutation A156T. We have determined high-resolution crystal structures of linear and P1–P3 macrocyclic analogs of MK-5172 bound to WT and A156T protease and compared these structures, their molecular dynamics, and experimental binding thermodynamics to the parent compound. We find that the “unique” binding mode of MK-5172 is conserved even when the P2–P4 macrocycle is removed or replaced with a P1–P3 macrocycle. While beneficial to ...
Metabolism of totally ischemic excised dog heart I. Construction of a computer model

Construction and fit to the experimental data of a computer model of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and related metabolism in an ischemic dog heart preparation, involving 122 metabolites, 65 enzymes, and 406 chemical reactions, is described. The experimental preparation simulated is a dog heart excised from the body, placed in a beaker of Tyrode's solution, and sampled for 100 min; the model required only moderate modification from models representing perfused rat hearts, and little modification from a model of another ischemic dog heart preparation. Common underlying mechanisms for the ischemia are indicated, although this preparation appears to evolve more slowly with time, perhaps owing to heavy sedation and diffusion-limited transport. Lactate is, at first, exported and then accumulates intracellularly; pH falls, but not as much in the mitochondria as the cytoplasm; redox couples go reduced, but with counterintuitive time courses; calcium phosphate is calculated to precipitate, as often observed in cardiac ischemia enzymes; glycolysis; simulation; metabolic regulation Submitted on October 24, 1978 Accepted on May 21, 1979
Fourth Order Linearly Recurrent Wythoff Pairs

An examination of the sizable literature on Wythoff pairs, their generalizations, and Beatty sequences shows a considerable emphasis on connections with second order recurrence relations and quadratic irrationalities. However, it does not seem to have been previously noticed that a subsequence of the classical Wythoff pairs satisfies the irreducible fourth order linear recurrence $$C_{n + 4} = 10C_{n + 3} - 16C_{n + 2} + 5C_{n + 1} + C_n . $$ Thus, while Wythoff pairs are ordinarily associated with the roots of x2 − x − 1 = 0, there is a subset thereof that is associated with the roots of $$ x^4 - 10x^3 + 16x^2 - 5x - 1 = 0. $$
Rearing of Douglas-Fir Beetle Broods in Waxed Slabs

Douglas-fir beetle broods were reared with nearly 80 percent survival in Douglas-fir slabs 2 inches thick, 6 inches wide and 12 inches long. Survival depended on the degree of wax covering. Completely waxed slabs and those with the sapwood waxed gave best survival. Those with bark only waxed or with any portion of the sapwood left uncovered gave no survival to the adult stage. Survival percent was influenced by the area of the slab. The width of the slab was more important in increasing survival than length.
Solute Trapping in Metals

Many of the advances in rapid solidification processing of metallic alloys exploit the trapping of solute which occurs at high solidification velocities. The difficulty of performing experiments which measure such high solidification velocities in metals has until now prevented accurate measurements of solute trapping in these systems. We have observed the transition from near-equilibrium solute partitioning to solute trapping during solidification at m/s velocities in aluminum alloys, and have compared the predictions of various solute trapping models. Aluminum thin films deposited on insulators were ion-implanted with Sn, Cu, Ge, and In, and were pulsed-laser melted; plane-front solidification was achieved, and regrowth velocities of 0.6 m/s to 5 m/s were measured with the transient conductance technique. Of the existing solute trapping models, the Continuous Growth Model of Aziz was found to fit the observed dependence of the partition coefficient on solidification velocity more closely than any other single-parameter model. The diffusive speed, which locates the transition from solute partitioning to solute trapping, was found to vary from 6 m/s to 38 m/s for various solutes in aluminum. We have examined correlations between the diffusive speed in the Continuous Growth Model and known alloy properties in order to allow better estimates of the diffusive speed to be made for alloy systems in which it has not been measured; the relation between the diffusive speed and the equilibrium partition coefficient will be discussed.
Phosphorylation in Cardiac Muscle from Failing and Unfailing Heart-Lung Preparations.∗, †

SummaryThis investigation has demonstrated that there is no difference in phosphorylating ability, i.e., enzyme concentration or activity, between normal cardiac muscle and similar tissue obtained from dog heart-lung preparations. These findings can be considered support for the thesis that if energy metabolism is concerned in failure, the defect is probably not one of production of energyrich compounds.
The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America: The Ascent of the MAS in Bolivia

We respect, we admire all sectors, professionals and non-professionals, intellectuals and non-intellectuals, businessmen and non-businessmen; we all have the right to live in this land. ... There you can see that the indigenous movement is not exclusionary; it is inclusive. Evo Morales in his 2006 inaugural address (Stefanoni and Do Alto 2006, 133) The Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), an indigenous party founded in the mid-1990s, has dominated Bolivian politics in recent years. The MAS has won every single election held in Bolivia since 2004 by a large margin. In the 2009 general elections, for example, the MAS and its leader, Evo Morales, captured sixty-four percent of the valid votes, almost forty percentage points ahead of its closest rival. The MAS currently controls not only the presidency of Bolivia, but approximately two-thirds of the seats in the legislature, and many important departmental and municipal offices as well. The traditional parties, meanwhile, have crumbled and the political opposition is in disarray. The MAS’s rise to dominance is surprising given that indigenous parties had traditionally fared poorly in Bolivia. A number of indigenous parties emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but none of these parties won more than a small fraction of the vote. The MAS initially gave little indication that it would enjoy any more success than previous indigenous parties. Indeed, it won only three percent of the vote in the initial elections in which it competed. In the 2002 general elections, however, the MAS finished a close second, and it has won every election held in Bolivia since.
Archaeological Monitoring of the San Jose Acequia (41BX267), Wastewater Facilities Improvements Program, San Antonio, Texas

In January 1986, the Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract to monitor construction for a sewer line for the San Antonio Wastewater Improvements Program. The primary concern was if the San Jose Acequia would be in the location of construction. Monitoring operations began in October of the same year and continued until January 1987. The acequia was exposed in three locations and proved to be an unlined ditch.
Methotrexate therapy combined with suction curettage under hysteroscopy and Foley tamponade for 78 cases caesarean scar pregnancy

Objective To explore a more simple,effective and economic treatment for caesarean scar pregnancy.Methods A retrospective review of medical records of 78cases of caesarean scar pregnancy patients admitted in Haidian Maternal Childrens Hospital from January 2010to January 2013was performed,the patients received Methotrexate(MTX)and Mifestone therapy first,then suction curettage under hysteroscopy was done when serum human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit(β-hCG)decreased.Foley tamponade was used in bleeding cases.The success rate,blood volume during and after curettage,emergency curettage rate,adverse reaction and the second time curettage rate were observed.We also compared the treatment effectiveness of the three different way of MTX administration.Results All patients were treated success,no patient received additional therapy. Blood lost was less that 200ml in 78.2%(61/78)patients.20%(15/78)patients underwent emergency curettage.11.5%(9/78)patients underwent second time curettage.60.3%(47/78)used Foley tamponade.75.6%(59/78)had no adverse reaction.The treatment effectiveness of the three different way of MTX administration had no significant differences.Conclusions Methotrexate therapy combined with suction curettage under hysteroscopy and Foley tamponade is a effective way to treat caesarean scar pregnancy.It can be used in basic hospitals.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Virtual and Concrete Manipulatives to Teach Algebra to Secondary Students With Learning Disabilities

A sizable body of literature exists studying various technologies and pedagogical practices for teaching secondary mathematics curriculum to students with a learning disability in mathematics. However, with the growing footprint of computer-based technologies in today’s classrooms, some areas of study, such as the use of virtual manipulatives, lack sufficient exploration. Although concrete manipulatives were studied for many decades for students with a learning disability and are considered a best practice, the research base for virtual manipulatives is notably less. With a specific focus on algebraic instruction, this study sought to compare the benefits of both forms of manipulatives to assist secondary students with a learning disability in mathematics to solve single-variable linear equations using a single-subject alternating treatment design. Over the course of 30 sessions of intervention, three students exhibited over 90% average accuracy solving problems using both virtual and concrete manipulativ...
Open Heart Surgery Does Not Increase the Incidence of Ipsilateral Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Asymptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis

Background and Purpose We evaluated the incidence of perioperative stroke following the institution's 2007 practice change of discontinuing combined carotid endarterectomy and open heart surgery (OHS) for patients with severe carotid stenosis. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we compared 113 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, or both from 2007 to 2011 with data collected from 2001 to 2006 from a similar group of patients. Our aim was to assess whether the practice change led to a greater incidence of stroke. Results A total of 7350 consecutive patients undergoing OHS during the specified time period were screened. Of these, 3030 had OHS between 2007 and 2011 but none were combined with carotid artery surgery (new cohort). The remaining 4320 had OHS before 2007 and 44 had combined procedures (old cohort). Of patients undergoing OHS during the 10-year period of observation, 230 had severe (>80%) carotid stenosis. In the old cohort (before 2007), carotid stenosis was associated with perioperative stroke in 2.5% of cases. None of the 113 patients having cardiac procedures after 2007 received combined carotid artery surgery; only 1 of these patients harboring severe carotid stenosis had an ischemic stroke (.9%) during the perioperative period. The difference in stroke incidence between the 2 cohorts was statistically significant ( P = .002). Conclusion The incidence of stroke in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis undergoing OHS was lower after combined surgery was discontinued. Combined carotid and OHS itself seems to be an important risk factor for stroke.
The Integrated Approach to Industrial Control

Abstract Current trends in electronics, computer science, and control system technology toward: (1), distributed, digital, microcomputer based, first level dynamic control systems; (2), standard real-time programming languages such as Real-Time FORTRAN and ADA; (3), standardized high speed serial data links and such as MAP and PROWAY; and, (4) corresponding major developments in data base management techniques, are providing the technical capability to greatly facilitate the development of integrated industrial control systems. Most of these latter will result in large scale, hierarchically arranged computer systems integrating the plant management, plant production scheduling, individual process optimization, and unit process control for all of the plant's operating units treated as a whole. The concept of a hierarchically arranged, overall control system is not new having originated in the Richards, Thomas and Baldwin steel mill of British Steel Corporation in Wales and in the Chocolate Bayou Petrochemicals Plant of the Monsanto Chemical Company in Texas, USA. as early as 1961. The concept received a tremendous boost with the several integrated steel mill control systems of the Japanese steel companies in the mid and late seventies. They were followed by similar applications in Scandinavian paper mills and more recently by US and Netherlands steel mills and by discrete manufacturing plants in several countries around the world. Development of the early examples of such systems was an extremely difficult undertaking involving several hundreds of man-years of effort in design, programming, installation and check out. Fortunately, the on-going standardization of programming languages, and of interplant communications systems; the breaking of former memory space barriers in system digital computers; and the development of generality and transportability concepts regarding the use of such systems in a wide variety of industries promises to ease this applications manpower bottleneck considerably. Proposals and designs for hierarchical computer control systems for a wide variety of plants have been developed by a large number of engineering groups world-wide. While initially appearing very different in concepts and functional definitions, these proposals and designs have recently been shown to display a completely generic functionality of application to a very large extent. As noted above this generality of application along with the language and communications standardization now being carried out makes these systems viable prospects for both new and retrofitted plants in almost all industries. In addition, those successfully developed have shown a very large economic payout of the order of several hundred percent of development and installation costs per year. This paper reviews the past history and current status of this field. It also lists the applications made in the several industrial fields throughout the world. Based on these it outlines the present and future needs of the field of integrated industrial controls and attempts to predict the near future trends which should develop.
Functional and structural characteristics of secretory IgA antibodies elicited by mucosal vaccines against influenza virus

Mucosal tissues are major targets for pathogens. The secretions covering mucosal surfaces contain several types of molecules that protect the host from infection. Among these, mucosal immunoglobulins, including secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies, are the major contributor to pathogen-specific immune responses. IgA is the primary antibody class found in many external secretions and has unique structural and functional features not observed in other antibody classes. Recently, extensive efforts have been made to develop novel vaccines that induce immunity via the mucosal route. S-IgA is a key molecule that underpins the mechanism of action of these mucosal vaccines. Thus, precise characterization of S-IgA induced by mucosal vaccines is important, if the latter are to be used successfully in a clinical setting. Intensive studies identified the fundamental characteristics of S-IgA, which was first discovered almost half a century ago. However, S-IgA itself has not gained much attention of late, despite its importance to mucosal immunity; therefore, some important questions remain. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular characteristics of S-IgA and its role in intranasal mucosal vaccines against influenza virus infection.
Company Rules: Sharia and its Transgressions in the Malay-Muslim Corporate Workplace

How have premises concerning sharia been worked into discursive Malaysian space that exists beyond the courts, the bureaucracy, the home, and public and private space to exert authority and control over corporate workaday identities and behaviours? Some 21st-century Muslim company directors and owners have ‘Islamised’ the workplace, implementing sharia transformations of ibadat and munakahat to normalise and enforce among Muslim corporate employees the rules of what I call ‘personnel sharia ’. Using two stories of workplace fitna (sexual harassment), I provide a lens to view the changing sharia environment in Malaysia over the course of nearly two decades and explore the lived reality of corporate interventions over Muslim personnel. The premise of this article is that as certain workplaces in Malaysia become increasingly regulated by Islamic laws, work has become a sharia realm that is neither fully public nor fully private but borrows moralities and enforcements from both; in other words, a third space for sharia that affects employees in multiple ways, bridging their private and public lives and acting upon them both personally and as personnel. Thus, sharia in the corporation extends the state’s bureaucratic authority over Muslim compliance into corporate space and relies on a premise that corporations, like religious officials and institutions, can enforce pious practice and even adjudicate sharia outcomes.
A Bridge Club Design

In this tutorial paper we consider a particular design problem which arose in scheduling a social bridge club consisting of twelve couples. At each meeting the club was divided into three groups of four couples, and each couple competed against each other couple in its group. The club met eight times, and it was required that each couple plays against each other couple two or three times. We have used this problem as a vehicle for exploring several techniques of design construction, some of which involve the application of methods more commonly used in continuous optimization problems.
Histological Changes in the Fetal Human Vomeronasal Epithelium During Volumetric Growth of the Vomeronasal Organ

Recent studies have demonstrated that the fetal human vomeronasal organ (VNO) increases in volume during the second trimester. However, the timing of histological changes before and during the volumetric growth period have not been established. Using light microscopy, the present study examined the bilateral VNOs of 22 fetal humans from 8 to 26 weeks postmenstrual age and made a preliminary comparison to the VNOs of three adult humans. Results indicated that the vomeronasal epithelium showed greater complexity in fetuses from 8 to 14.5 weeks postmenstrual ages compared to older fetuses and adults. Furthermore, the ”simplification” of the the fetal human vomeronasal epithelium appeared to occur during previously described volumetric growth. Based on comparison of adult VNO size to the largest fetal VNO, some late prenatal or postnatal growth appeared likely.
Implications of thiolester linked fatty acids in apolipoprotein B.

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is obligatory for triglyceride transport. Why ApoB is singled out among all apolipoproteins is not well understood. ApoB is the most hydrophobic apolipoprotein among all known apolipoproteins. It has the highest tendency to undergo aggregation. If one examines the amino acid composition of ApoB it resembles any other common water-soluble protein. Why, then, is ApoB so hydrophobic? We believe that the thiolester 1 2 bound fatty acids recently found in ApoB1,2 may play an important role in contributing to the hydrophobic nature of ApoB.
Two Freshness Metrics for Local Cache Refresh

We consider a cache refresh system where a local server is connected to multiple remote sources and maintains local copies of the data items at the sources. The data at each source is updated randomly and independently without notifying the local server, while the local server refreshes the corresponding cached data periodically. The freshness of the local cache is measured by two different freshness metrics, age of synchronization (AoS) and age of information (AoI). We address the following problem: given a constrained total refresh rate, how does the local server allocate the refresh rate for each source to maintain overall data freshness? We derive the AoI optimal policy which depends only on the square root of the source popularity. For a large refresh rate, we propose an AoS near-optimal rate allocation policy that is proportional to the cube root of both the source update rate and the source popularity. For small refresh rates, we also prove that the square root law with respect to the popularity minimizes both AoS and AoI.
Enrollment of racial/ethnic minority patients in ovarian and breast cancer trials: An FDA analysis.

e18671Background: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database project that ovarian cancer incidence rates are highest in White women, followed by Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Isla...
“Can You Imagine?” Making the Case for a Bloody Crisis

This data-rich chapter digs into MHM’s problem frames that establish the menstrual body as precarious if not contained and concealed through management of the body. MHM advocates establish the urgency of this problem by making two main claims: (1) girls are getting sick, and (2) girls are missing, even dropping out of, school. I scrutinize the bases of these claims and find they largely lack solid evidence, often relying on anecdote, exaggeration, and poor citational practices. Operating in a competitive arena with limited resources and rooted in assumptions about life in the Global South and the comparative superiority of Western standards of embodiment, MHM responds to these pressures by intervening first and asking questions later.