cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics Associated to Algebraic Groups

In the forest of untamed rational maps live a select few whose additional structure allows them to be more easily domesticated. They are the power maps, Chebyshev polynomials, and Lattes maps, whose complex dynamics were briefly discussed in Section 1.6. The underlying structure that they possess comes from an algebraic group, namely the multiplicative group for the power maps and Chebyshev polynomials and elliptic curves for the Lattes maps. Although such maps are special in many ways, they yet provide important examples, testing grounds, and boundary conditions for general results in dynamics. In this chapter we investigate some of the algebraic and arithmetic properties of the rational maps associated to algebraic groups.
MOLECULAR TOPOGRAPHY OF THE INFLUENZA VIRUS P PROTEIN COMPLEX DURING CAPPED RNA-PRIMED MESSENGER RNA SYNTHESIS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the molecular topography of the influenza virus P protein complex during capped RNA-primed messenger RNA synthesis. Influenza viral nucleocapsids (or cores) catalyze the unique process of influenza viral messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis, which requires primers generated from heterologous cap 1 (m7GpppNm)-containing RNAs. These RNAs are cleaved by a viral endonuclease at a purine residue 10 to 13 nucleotides from the cap, and the resulting capped fragments serve as primers. Transcription is initiated by the addition of a G residue onto the 3' end of the capped primer fragments, directed by the penultimate C residue of the virion RNA (vRNA) templates. Four virus-specific proteins are associated with each of the eight vRNA segments in the viral nucleocapsids. The nucleocapsid protein, which is the predominant species (representing over 90% of the total protein), presumably serves largely a structural role. The other three viral proteins, the P proteins, distribute during two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into two basic species, PB1 and PB2, and one acidic species, PA.
Assessing the Biological Stability of a Terpene-Based Advanced Biofuel and Its Relationship to the Corrosion of Carbon Steel

Energy-dense terpene biofuels have recently been recognized as renewable alternatives for high-density petroleum-derived fuels. While the physicochemical properties of terpene dimer fuel (TDF) have been well-documented, the propensity of these mixtures to undergo biodegradation and exacerbate the corrosion of the fuel infrastructure remains unknown. Coastal seawater/sediment incubations were amended with TDF or a blend of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons and incubated under strict anaerobic conditions. In some incubations, a model hydrocarbon-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium (Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens, strain ALDC) was inoculated as a positive control. No increase in sulfate reduction or corrosion was observed in long-term experiments (300 days) relative to TDF-free controls when only seawater/sediment served as the inoculum. However, inoculation with the positive control organism and a mixture of C6–C12 n-alkanes increased both the sulfate reduction rate (95.2 ± 5.2 μM/day) and general corrosion, as d...
Dose optimization in paediatric patients

Computer Tomography (CT) is under scrutiny because it has become the largest contributor to manmade radiation exposure. According to latest literature the radiation dose level is (today) in the same range as the annual natural background radiation of 3.1 mSv. The same patterns of utilization are observed in all industrialized countries and it is expected others to follow. Computer tomography is of great importance for imaging paediatric patients but due to the limitations that occur the right optimized exposure is imposed. As a consequence, the ALARA principle is of particular importance. In order to right dose we aim to invest in knowledge of basic principles, in innovative technologies providing CT examinations with low dose, in establishing PiDRLs in National level and in Dose management programs that can definitely optimize the applied scan doses and can control the daily clinical routine.
Protein disulfide isomerase inhibition blocks thrombin generation in humans by interfering with platelet factor V activation

BACKGROUND: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is required for thrombus formation. We previously demonstrated that glycosylated quercetin flavonoids such as isoquercetin inhibit PDI activity and thrombus formation in animal models, but whether extracellular PDI represents a viable anticoagulant target in humans and how its inhibition affects blood coagulation remain unknown. METHODS: We evaluated effects of oral administration of isoquercetin on platelet-dependent thrombin generation in healthy subjects and patients with persistently elevated anti-phospholipid antibodies. RESULTS: Following oral administration of 1,000 mg isoquercetin to healthy adults, the measured peak plasma quercetin concentration (9.2 μM) exceeded its IC50 for inhibition of PDI by isoquercetin in vitro (2.5 ± 0.4 μM). Platelet-dependent thrombin generation decreased by 51% in the healthy volunteers compared with baseline (P = 0.0004) and by 64% in the anti-phospholipid antibody cohort (P = 0.015) following isoquercetin ingestion. To understand how PDI affects thrombin generation, we evaluated substrates of PDI identified using an unbiased mechanistic-based substrate trapping approach. These studies identified platelet factor V as a PDI substrate. Isoquercetin blocked both platelet factor Va and thrombin generation with an IC50 of ~5 μM. Inhibition of PDI by isoquercetin ingestion resulted in a 53% decrease in the generation of platelet factor Va (P = 0.001). Isoquercetin-mediated inhibition was reversed with addition of exogenous factor Va. CONCLUSION: These studies show that oral administration of isoquercetin inhibits PDI activity in plasma and diminishes platelet-dependent thrombin generation predominantly by blocking the generation of platelet factor Va. These pharmacodynamic and mechanistic observations represent an important step in the development of a novel class of antithrombotic agents targeting PDI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01722669) FUNDING: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U54 HL112302) and Quercegen Pharma.
Neurological Complications of Gastrointestinal Disease

There is a growing interest in the extraintestinal manifestations of common pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. This article specifically focuses on the neurological symptoms that manifest because of these disorders and their treatments. Many neurological symptoms have been reported in association with these diseases, including neuropathy, myopathy, ataxia, headache, and seizures, among others. It is currently believed that these neurological symptoms are largely overlooked by practitioners and could be a red flag for earlier diagnosis. However, additional research, especially in the pediatric population, is warranted to further elaborate on the causality and pathophysiology of these neurological symptoms.
Designing Hydrogels for On-Demand Therapy

ConspectusSystemic administration of therapeutic agents has been the preferred approach to treat most pathological conditions, in particular for cancer therapy. This treatment modality is associated with side effects, off-target accumulation, toxicity, and rapid renal and hepatic clearance. Multiple efforts have focused on incorporating targeting moieties into systemic therapeutic vehicles to enhance retention and minimize clearance and side effects. However, only a small percentage of the nanoparticles administered systemically accumulate at the tumor site, leading to poor therapeutic efficacy. This has prompted researchers to call the status quo treatment regimen into question and to leverage new delivery materials and alternative administration routes to improve therapeutic outcomes. Recent approaches rely on the use of local delivery platforms that circumvent the hurdles of systemic delivery. Local administration allows delivery of higher “effective” doses while enhancing therapeutic molecules’ stabil...
The Social Complexities of Transgender Identity Disclosure on Social Network Sites

In my dissertation, I examine how people manage stigmatized disclosures, and how disclosure, mental health, and social support are associated, during gender transition on social media. I first use self-reported measures from a survey about gender transition on Facebook to understand people's experiences with transgender identity disclosure. In the next phase of my dissertation research, I examine these same variables by analyzing transition blogs on Tumblr. Results will give insight into difficulties as well as potentially relieving capabilities of self-disclosure on social media. Additionally, I will uncover ways that affordances of particular social media platforms, specifically Tumblr and Facebook, enable or constrain sensitive self-disclosures.
Justice Delayed Is Justice Denied: Jamaica's Duty to Deliver Timely Reserved Judgments and Written Reasons for Judgment

Like many other Commonwealth common-law countries throughout the world, Jamaica is faced with the problem of excessively delayed reserved judgments and written reasons for judgment, some of which have been outstanding for more than ten years. Jamaica has been chided by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and by the United Nations Human Rights Committee for denying justice to litigants by failing to deliver written reasons for judgment within a reasonable time. In Jamaica, as elsewhere, a delay in delivering reserved judgment and written reasons for judgment means that justice is delayed and justice delayed is justice denied. The delay harms litigants and poses significant threats to the country as it signals an inefficient judiciary. An inefficient judiciary weakens democratic governance and discourages international investment. The Jamaica Bar Association, (“JamBar”) has asked Jamaica’s Chief Justice to address the problem of delayed reserved judgments and written reasons for judgment and has offered several solutions but, to date, the problem persists. This Article examines Jamaica’s problem of delayed reserved judgments and written reasons for judgment. It also evaluates JamBar’s proposed solutions, as well as strategies used by several other Commonwealth countries that have dealt with, or are dealing with, the problem of delayed reserved judgments and written reasons for judgment and recommends a sustainable solution to this long-standing problem.
Shared-Memory Parallelism Can be Simple, Fast, and Scalable

Parallelism is the key to achieving high performance in computing. However, writing efficient and scalable parallel programs is notoriously difficult, and often requires significant expertise. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide programmers with high-level tools to enable them to develop solutions easily, and at the same time emphasize the theoretical and practical aspects of algorithm design to allow the solutions developed to run efficiently under many different settings. This book, a revised version of the thesis that won the 2015 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award, addresses this challenge using a three-pronged approach consisting of the design of shared-memory programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for important problems in computing. It provides evidence that with appropriate programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms, shared-memory programs can be simple, fast, and scalable, both in theory and in practice. The results serve to ease the transition into the multicore era. The book starts by introducing tools and techniques for deterministic parallel programming, including means for encapsulating nondeterminism via powerful commutative building blocks, as well as a novel framework for executing sequential iterative loops in parallel, which lead to deterministic parallel algorithms that are efficient both in theory and in practice. The book then introduces Ligra, the first high-level shared-memory framework for parallel graph traversal algorithms. The framework enables short and concise implementations that deliver performance competitive with that of highly optimized code and up to orders of magnitude faster than previous systems designed for distributed memory. Finally, the book bridges the gap between theory and practice in parallel algorithm design by introducing the first algorithms for a variety of important problems on graphs and strings that are both practical and theoretically efficient.
Association of Insurance and Community-Level Socioeconomic Status With Treatment and Outcome of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pharynx.

Importance Community-level socioeconomic status, particularly insurance status, is increasingly becoming important as a possible determinant in patient outcomes. Objective To determine the association of insurance and community-level socioeconomic status with outcome for patients with pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Design, Setting, and Participants This study extracted data from more than 1500 Commission on Cancer–accredited facilities collected in the National Cancer Database. A total of 35 559 patients diagnosed with SCC of the pharynx from 2004 through 2013 were identified. The χ2test, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression models were used to analyze data from April 1, 2016, through April 16, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival was defined as time to death from the date of diagnosis. Results Among the 35 559 patients identified (75.6% men and 24.4% women; median age, 61 years [range, 18-90 years]), 15 146 (42.6%) had Medicare coverage; 13 061 (36.7%), private insurance; 4881 (13.7%), Medicaid coverage; and 2471 (6.9%), no insurance. Uninsured patients and Medicaid recipients were more likely to be younger, black, or Hispanic; to have lower median household income and lower educational attainment; to present with higher TNM stages of disease; and to start primary treatment at a later time from diagnosis. Those with private insurance (reference group) had significantly better overall survival than uninsured patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.59-1.87), Medicaid recipients (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.88-2.12), or Medicare recipients (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.99-2.16), as did those with median household income of at least $63 000 (reference) vs $48 000 to $62 999 (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.26), $38 000 to $47 999 (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.24-1.38), and less than $38 000 (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43-1.59). On multivariable analysis, insurance status and median household income remained independent prognostic factors for overall survival even after accounting for educational attainment, race, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score, disease site, and TNM stage of disease. Conclusions and Relevance Insurance status and household income level are associated with outcome in patients with SCC of the pharynx. Those without insurance and with lower household income may significantly benefit from improving access to adequate, timely medical care. Additional investigations are necessary to develop targeted interventions to optimize access to standard medical treatments, adherence to physician management recommendations, and subsequently, prognosis in these patients at risk.
Undetectable negative tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies predict mucosal healing in treated coeliac disease patients.

SummaryBackground Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) immunoglobulin A (IgA) testing is a sensitive adjunct to the diagnosis of coeliac disease. The threshold for positivity was developed for diagnosis, with negative results reported as below the reference value (<4 U/mL). Aim To investigate if an undetectable (tTG IgA<1.2 U/mL) is more predictive of healing compared to patients with negative but detectable serology (1.2-3.9 U/mL). Methods We performed a retrospective study of 402 treated coeliac disease patients seen at the Mayo Clinic with negative tTG IgA values drawn within 1 month of duodenal biopsy between January 2009 and December 2015. The Corazza-Villanacci score was used to assess mucosal healing. The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was also collected. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of clinical variables with a normal biopsy. Results Patients with undetectable titres more frequently had normal duodenal histology compared to patients with detectable tTG IgA levels (117/240 vs. 53/162; OR=1.96; 1.292, 2.961). Asymptomatic patients more frequently had normal duodenum as compared to symptomatic patients (88/163 vs. 82/239; OR=2.25; CI: 1.494, 3.377). Patients with undetectable serology and on a gluten-free diet for ≥2 years were more likely to have no villous atrophy compared to patients with detectable serology (148/192 vs. 55/88; OR=2.02; CI: 1.17, 3.49). Conclusion In subjects recovering from coeliac disease with negative tTG IgA serology, an undetectable titre is associated with normal histology on follow-up biopsy.
Clues to neonatal genitourinary problems.

Any of a number of urgent genitourinary problems may be seen in the neonate. Some are unique to this age group, while others also occur in older children and in adults. Appropriate and effective therapy depends on careful urologic evaluation and early diagnosis.
Exact model matching by state feedback and dynamic compensation

A new approach to the exact model matching problem is given based on an algorithm for characterizing the input-output structural properties of a linear system. In contrast to previous methods, the state feedback matching problem is solved without recourse to initial coordinate transformations. Moreover, the algorithm given here extends directly to the dynamic model matching problem and yields a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for one system to be transfer function equivalent via dynamic state feedback to a specified model system.
Behavior and deliberation in perfect-information games: Nash equilibrium and backward induction

Doxastic characterizations of the set of Nash equilibrium outcomes and of the set of backward-induction outcomes are provided for general perfect-information games (where there may be multiple backward-induction solutions). We use models that are behavioral, rather than strategy-based, where a state only specifies the actual play of the game and not the hypothetical choices of the players at nodes that are not reached by the actual play. The analysis is completely free of counterfactuals and no belief revision theory is required, since only the beliefs at reached histories are specified.
COMPASS| Training Doctors To Communicate: Lessons From Integrating Behavioral and Social Science into Medical Education

Although recent efforts to address behavioral and social science (BSS) gaps within U.S. medical education are well-intentioned, crucial shortcomings plague the successful translation and application of BSS skills into meaningful practice. This article focuses on the role of BSS reforms in medicine and the need for more accurate and relevant assessment measures throughout medical training and licensure. The goal of this article is to encourage communication and other BSS fields to think about and contribute to the development, critique, and improvement of medical training and assessment standards in the United States.
CRT-600.08 Transeptal Epicardial Puncture Haptic Feedback System

Transeptal and Epicardial Puncture (TEP) are necessary for ablation of cardiac arrhythmia, left atrial appendage occlusion, and valve repair. TEP can cause perforation, especially in inexperienced hands. Catheters do not reliably enable palpation of biophysical events. Tactile feedback is
Statistical analysis and modeling of lightning

Florida is the lightning capital of the United States. Lightning strikes occur when electrostatic energy within storm conditions is unbalanced and ephemeral discharges of static electricity are set off to help the system find equilibrium. Lightning, meaning the number of lightning strikes per month, is characterized by relative humidity, sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, rain, precipitable water and the outgoing long-wave radiation. In the present study we use real data to identify the probability distribution that characterizes the behavior of the number of lightning strikes, develop a statistical model that identifies that key attributable variables to the subject strikes along with attributing interactions and proceed to estimate the number of lightning strikes with an acceptable degree of confidence. The result of the present study can be effectively used for strategic protection planning, among others.
Primary mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a morphologic and immunologic study of 19 cases.

Nineteen, primary, non-lymphoblastic, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were investigated by conventional morphologic studies as well as immunologic studies using the application of a battery of monoclonal antibodies to frozen tissue sections. Seventeen of the lymphomas were diffuse large cell; one was large cell immunoblastic and one was a follicular and diffuse lymphoma of intermediate differentiation. Thirty-seven percent of the lymphomas showed prominent sclerosis, sometimes associated with the superior vena cava syndrome. Six of the cases showed evidence of immunoglobulin production with light chain restriction. Twelve additional cases were shown to be of B-cell lineage by B1/T015 expression but did not show evidence of immunoglobulin production. One case was a T-cell lymphoma of helper phenotype. Ia expression was found in 14 of 18 cases studied.
Hedonic Modeling of the Home Selling Process

Many aspects of the housing market distinguish it from a perfectly competitive market. In a perfectly competitive market, a large number of buyers and sellers, together with ease of entry and exit, ensure that all participants are price takers. The marketplace is clearly defined and products in such markets are perfectly homogeneous. Moreover, information about price is easily obtained and instantly known. Housing markets are quite different. Products in housing markets are differentiated to varying degrees, and information about the quantity and quality of the amenities that compose the price is difficult and costly to obtain. Transactions ultimately involve one buyer and one seller who bargain over an unknown price. Entry and exit are severely constrained by the large capital sums involved as well as by the relatively high transactions costs. These aspects of housing markets make the selling transaction a process rather than an event. The process begins on the seller side with the choice of a selling strategy that includes setting an initial listing price. The second phase of the process involves the contemporaneous searches of the seller and the prospective buyers. During this phase, the buyer gathers information and makes comparisons among comparable available homes that meet the buyer’s housing needs. Inspection of these homes reveals the quantity and quality of amenities of importance to the buyer. At the same time, the seller is gathering information about the market’s valuation of his property from the arrival rate and presence or absence of bids from prospective buyers. The seller may use this information to alter the selling strategy, perhaps by revising the listing price. The search phase ends when a prospective buyer finds a match for his housing needs and initiates the next phase of the process, bargaining, by making an offer for the home. The selling process concludes when buyer and seller agree on a selling price and complete the transaction.
Hemispheric Processing of Prosody

Recent psycholinguistic studies of sentence comprehension support the view that Hsteners can successfully use prosodic cues to disambiguate ambiguous sentences (Cutler et al, 1997). Prosodic cues such as intonation, pauses at phrase boundary, and increased word durations of phrase reportedly facilitate disambiguation of sentences with surface structure ambiguity (Lehiste, 1973; Lehiste et al, 1976). These multiple prosodic cues of sentences are said to be perceived together to facilitate sentence structure identification (Beach, 1991). Lesion studies have mostly targeted the use of single prosodic elements such as stress, word duration and intonation in language comprehension (Blumstein and Cooper, 1974; Mills and RoUman, 1979). These studies have yielded contradictory results regarding the role of cerebral hemispheres in processing prosody (Baum and Pell, 1999; Joanette et al, 1990). In addition, natural language production and comprehension usually involves use of multiple prosodic cues. Neurolinguistic and neuropsychological studies appear to support the view that processing of complex prosodic cues would tap into the processing potentials of both right and left hemisphere (Wunderlich et al, 2003). Such findings would predict that damage to either hemisphere will interfere with the comprehension of sentences with surface structure ambiguity (SSA). The present study aims at examining the patterns of responses of right hemisphere damaged (RHD),
Application of Parallel-Detection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy in Biology

For many years it has been appreciated that electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is the most sensitive microanalytical technique for detecting the biologically ubiquitous light elements, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (Isaacson and Johnson, 1975). In particular, elemental ratios such as nitrogen-to-sulfur or nitrogen-to-phosphorus can provide information about relative concentrations of proteins (containing sulfur-rich amino-acids) and nucleotides (containing phosphate groups) in subcellular organelles (Leapman and Ornberg, 1988). With conventional EELS instrumentation it has been relatively easy for example to measure nitrogen present typically at levels of 5 to 10 atomic percent but phosphorus and sulfur occurring at levels below about 1 to 3 atomic percent are often only weakly visible in the core loss spectrum. Other interesting elements like calcium and iron have not generally been detectable at physiological concentrations using EELS until the recent advent of highly efficient parallel detection systems. Now it is becoming apparent that EELS may in fact compete with and even surpass the performance of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) for such elements (Shuman and Somlyo, 1987). The aim of this paper is to compare directly the sensitivity of EELS and EDXS, to illustrate new methods of spectral processing, and to consider the state-of-the-art and future prospects for biological applications.
The Role of Switching in Reducing Network Port Counts

We consider the role of switching in minimizing the number of electronic ports (e.g., SONET ADMs) in an optical network that carries sub-wavelength traffic. Providing nodes with the ability to switch traffic between wavelengths, such as through the use of SONET cross-connects, can reduce the required number of electronic ports. We show that only small switches at multiple switching nodes are needed for significant reductions in the number of ports. We provide a lower bound on the number of electronic ports that is a function of the number of switching nodes. We show that our lower bound is relatively tight by providing routing and grooming algorithms that nearly achieve the bound. For uniform traffic, we show that the number of electronic ports is reduced when the number of switching nodes used is approximately equal to the number of wavelengths of traffic generated by each node. Finally, we provide a general upper bound on the amount of switching required in the network. For uniform traffic, our bound shows that as the size of the network increases, each traffic stream must be switched at most once (at one of the switching nodes) in order to achieve the minimum
Using eye-tracking to study the on-line processing of case-marking information among intermediate L2 learners of German.

This study uses eye-tracking to examine the processing of case-marking information in ambiguous subject- and object-first wh-questions in German. The position of the lexical verb was also manipulated via verb tense to investigate whether verb location influences how intermediate L2 learners process L2 sentences. Results show that intermediate L2 German learners were sensitive to case-marking information, exhibiting longer processing times on subject-first than object-first sentences, regardless of verb location. German native speakers exhibited the opposite word order preference, with longer processing times on object-first than subject-first sentences, replicating previous findings. These results are discussed in light of current L2 processing research, highlighting how methodological constraints influence researchers’ abilities to measure the on-line processing of morphosyntactic information among intermediate L2 learners.
Continuous synthesis of high quality metal–organic framework HKUST-1 crystals and composites via aerosol-assisted synthesis

Abstract Highly crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals are desirable for their practical applications and synthesized predominantly using batch processes that are less scalable. More scalable continuous processes for MOF synthesis such as spray-drying and aerosol-assisted synthesis have been recently developed. However, these techniques often resulted in poorly crystalline nanoparticles and their assemblies primarily due to extremely short (sub-second) crystallization time and fast solvent evaporation. Here we report facile continuous aerosol-assisted production of highly crystalline HKUST-1 crystals with relatively narrow size distributions as well as their composites with both inorganic and organic materials exhibiting unique microstructures. Solvents with high donor numbers and low vapor pressures were found desirable to increase both crystallization and solvent evaporation times. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a co-solvent with DMF to form phase-pure high quality HKUST-1 crystals revealed by SEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption. Furthermore, alumina nanoparticles and polyethersulfone (PES) polymer were incorporated to create unique microstructures.
Spin-orbit coupling effects on predicting defect properties with hybrid functionals: A case study in CdTe

Defect formation energies and transition levels are critical in determining doping behavior and recombination in semiconductor applications. Hybrid functionals are often used to overcome the band gap and delocalization errors of standard density-functional theory, and it is tempting to presume that the defect properties are correctly predicted once the hybrid functional mixing parameter reproduces the experimental band gap. However, pronounced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects can have an additional important role, which is clearly shown in this work by analyzing SOC effects originating from the $\mathrm{Te}\ensuremath{-}p$ orbitals in CdTe. In this work, we therefore use a hybrid functional that reproduces the experimental band gap when SOC is included, requiring a larger mixing parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.33$ compared to the conventional choice of $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.25$. This hybrid functional was then used to predict defect properties, e.g., formation energy, transition level, and defect equilibrium. For defect states that do not directly involve the $\mathrm{Te}\ensuremath{-}p$ orbitals, such as the Cd interstitial (${\mathrm{Cd}}_{\mathrm{i}}$), we find that the effect of SOC on the defect levels can be captured by simply considering the SOC-induced band-edge shift. This is not the case for the A center ($\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}}_{\mathrm{Te}}\ensuremath{-}{V}_{\mathrm{Cd}}$ defect pair), where the localized acceptor state formed by $\mathrm{Te}\ensuremath{-}p$ orbitals is more directly affected by the SOC. For this defect, a mixing parameter as large as $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.40$ is required to reproduce the experimental acceptor level. Regarding the implications for photovoltaics, we suggest that the ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{\mathrm{i}}$, which is the dominant compensating donor, could play an important role as a recombination center. While $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{i}}$ is usually thought of as a benign shallow donor, our predicted defect levels in the fully band-gap-corrected calculations are deep enough to raise a concern, and we propose a recombination mechanism for electron capture by $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{i}}$.
Creating a New Academic Discipline: Cybersecurity Management Education

Managers within the cybersecurity industry tend to be successful technologists, each promoted up from his/her area of expertise and into management roles for which he/she possesses neither formal training nor relevant experience. The industry's steadily growing workforce requires properly prepared managers. Cybersecurity management education - providing a combination of cybersecurity technology fundamentals and core managerial skill sets, and made available through various delivery methods - is of vital importance to this mission-critical industry.
Demonstrating the Efficacy of the Health Sciences and Technology Academy: Using Archival Standardized Test Scores to Analyze an OST College-Preparatory Program for Underserved Youth

To combat educational and health disparities, out-of-school-time (OST) STEM enrichment programs provide services to underserved youth to encourage them to pursue college and health careers. This article describes a study conducted to determine if the Health Science and Technology Academy (HSTA) program participants who receive year-round educational interventions to prepare them for STEM and health sciences majors performed better on the West Virginia Educational Standards Test (WESTTEST2) than non-participants. This study provides descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically One-Way ANOVAs with one-to-one matching based on grade level, gender, race, and GPA at the end of the 8th grade year for 336 students. Statistically significant differences were found favoring HSTA participants on the WESTTEST 2 math and reading/language scores.
Marginal Skin Flap Advancement: A Technique to Optimize the Skin Graft Interface Following Tumor Resections.

Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) for soft tissue defects is often required following tumor resections. There is often a step-off with subcutaneous adipose tissue along the defect margins. This review of 20 years of experience was performed to determine the success of marginal skin flap advancement, a simple surgical technique addressing this issue. Seventy-one cases were identified that underwent sarcoma resection and this technique. Marginal skin flap advancement decreased the defect size from 217 s 162 cm2 to 128 s 101 cm2 (p < .001). STSG was successfully applied in 69 cases (97%) with a mean 96% take of the skin graft. Although 29 cases (41%) had wound healing complications of any nature, only 11 (15%) required a secondary operation. Marginal skin flap advancement, in conjunction with vacuum-assisted closure therapy, decreases the defect surface area requiring STSG by 41% and provides an excellent reconstructive option for soft tissue defects following sarcoma resections. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 27(2):102-108, 2018).
Trajectories of Aging: How Systems Biology in Yeast Can Illuminate Mechanisms of Personalized Aging

All organisms age, but the extent to which all organisms age the same way remains a fundamental unanswered question in biology. Across species, it is now clear that at least some aspects of aging are highly conserved and are perhaps universal, but other mechanisms of aging are private to individual species or sets of closely related species. Within the same species, however, it has generally been assumed that the molecular mechanisms of aging are largely invariant from one individual to the next. With the development of new tools for studying aging at the individual cell level in budding yeast, recent data has called this assumption into question. There is emerging evidence that individual yeast mother cells may undergo fundamentally different trajectories of aging. Individual trajectories of aging are difficult to study by traditional population level assays, but through the application of systems biology approaches combined with novel microfluidic technologies, it is now possible to observe and study these phenomena in real time. Understanding the spectrum of mechanisms that determine how different individuals age is a necessary step toward the goal of personalized geroscience, where healthy longevity is optimized for each individual.
Characteristic Features of Intraplate Earthquakes and the Models Proposed to Explain Them

An evaluation of various aspects of intraplate earthquakes (IPE) suggests that they occur by reactivation of a variety of pre-existing features in response to the current stress field. In this review, I first list the various methods of identifying these features, and then describe the characteristic elements of IPE. Reactivation occurs by one or more of three ways. These include a localized build-up of stress on the potentially seismogenic feature due to the ambient stress field, the superposition of a triggering stress and the reduction of strength of the feature(s) by mechanical and/or chemical means. The various models that have been suggested to explain IPE contain one or more of these elements.
Investigation of Power Converter's Near Field EMI Containment Using Passive Filters

With the advent of the wide-bandgap devices, it has become possible to switch at a faster rate (on and off) along with higher switching frequencies. This results in attaining higher power density, smaller filter size, and lighter weight for the power converter. But the bottleneck of taking advantage of these ultra-fast devices is spurious behavior during operation due to cross talk and electromagnetic interference inheriting from higher dv/dt and di/dt. To meet the standard and to ensure robust operation, EMI filter is in place for a time being; mostly to meet conducted emission requirements. To deal with radiation, shielding is a common practice. This work aims to understand how much the EMI filter helps with radiated EMI reduction. A converter with a traditional passive EMI filter is considered to evaluate the effect of the filter on the near magnetic field adjacent to the converter. The observed phenomenon has been analyzed and explained to understand to what extent the conducted EMI filter helps with mitigating radiated emission.
An autonomic nervous system context of harsh parenting and youth aggression versus delinquency

Harsh parenting is a significant predictor of youth aggression and delinquency. However, not every child exposed to adverse parenting develops such problem behaviors. Recent developmental evolutionary models suggest that variability in stress response reactivity to parenting, reflected by autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, may affect the impact of adverse parenting on youth behavioral adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS moderate the association between parenting and aggressive and delinquent behaviors. The study sample included low-income, ethnically diverse preadolescents (M = 10.28 years old; N = 101) and their caregivers. Direct effects were found from basal RSA to delinquent behaviors. In addition, harsh parenting predicted increased youths' aggressive and delinquent behaviors in the context of high RSA withdrawal and increased youths' delinquent behaviors in the context of shortened basal PEP. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
Dynamic pathways of personality: A further development of the personality systems framework

Abstract The personality systems framework depicts personality's inner organization and situates personality with regard to the systems that surround it. In this chapter, we describe the framework and use it to illustrate both the structure and the dynamic pathways of personality. We trace the pathways of dynamics of self-control and of action, using contemporary research examples to illustrate our points, and we argue for the usefulness of the framework in organizing and guiding research in contemporary personality psychology.
The Effects of Changing SNAP Work Requirement on the Health and Employment Outcomes of Able-Bodied Adults without Dependents

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides nutritional assistance for United States residents with low income. Current SNAP policy discussion focuses on its work requirement: the...
Autism spectrum disorder in adult defendants: the impact of information type on juror decision-making

Previous research has investigated the effects of providing general information about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in legal contexts; however, the impact of idiosyncratic information about a defe...
The Precise Relationship Between Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Survival Without a Liver Transplant.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Scores from the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), which are used to prioritize candidates for deceased donor livers, are widely acknowledged to be negatively correlated with the 90-day survival rate without a liver transplant. However, inconsistent and outdated estimates of survival probabilities by MELD preclude useful applications of the MELD score. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using data from all prevalent liver waitlist candidates from 2016 to 2019, we estimated 3-day, 7-day, 14-day, 30-day, and 90-day without-transplant survival probabilities (with confidence intervals) for each MELD score and status 1A. We used an adjusted Kaplan-Meier model to avoid unrealistic assumptions and multiple observations per person instead of just the observation at listing. We found that 90-day without-transplant survival has improved over the last decade, with survival rates increasing >10% (in absolute terms) for some MELD scores. We demonstrated that MELD correctly prioritizes candidates in terms of without-transplant survival probability but that status 1A candidates' short-term without-transplant survival is higher than that of MELD 40 candidates and lower than that of MELD 39 candidates. Our primary result is the updated survival functions themselves. CONCLUSIONS We calculated without-transplant survival probabilities for each MELD score (and status 1A). The survival function is an invaluable tool for many applications in liver transplantation: awarding of exception points, calculating the relative demand for deceased donor livers in different geographic areas, calibrating the pediatric end-stage liver disease score, and deciding whether to accept an offered liver.
Precise multispecies agricultural gas flux determined using broadband open-path dual-comb spectroscopy

Advances in spectroscopy have the potential to improve our understanding of agricultural processes and associated trace gas emissions. We implement field-deployed, open-path dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) for precise multispecies emissions estimation from livestock. With broad atmospheric dual-comb spectra, we interrogate upwind and downwind paths from pens containing approximately 300 head of cattle, providing time-resolved concentration enhancements and fluxes of CH4, NH3, CO2, and H2O. The methane fluxes determined from DCS data and fluxes obtained with a colocated closed-path cavity ring-down spectroscopy gas analyzer agree to within 6%. The NH3 concentration retrievals have sensitivity of 10 parts per billion and yield corresponding NH3 fluxes with a statistical precision of 8% and low systematic uncertainty. Open-path DCS offers accurate multispecies agricultural gas flux quantification without external calibration and is easily extended to larger agricultural systems where point-sampling-based approaches are insufficient, presenting opportunities for field-scale biogeochemical studies and ecological monitoring.
Elevated glucocorticoids during gestation suggest sex-specific effects on offspring telomere lengths in a wild lizard.

The effects of maternal glucocorticoids (e.g. corticosterone, CORT) on offspring interest biologists due to increasing environmental perturbations. While little is known about the impact of maternal CORT on offspring fitness, it may modulate telomere length and compromise offspring health. Here, we use a modified real-time quantitative PCR assay to assess telomere length using small DNA quantities (<60 ng). We tested the hypothesis that increased maternal CORT during gestation decreases offspring telomere length. While CORT-driven telomere shortening is well established within individuals, cross-generational effects remain unclear. We treated wild-caught gravid female eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) with daily transdermal applications of CORT, at ecologically relevant levels, from capture to laying. Maternal CORT treatment did not alter maternal telomere length, although baseline maternal CORT concentrations had a weak, negative correlation with maternal telomere length. There was no relation between mother and offspring telomere length. There was a trend for maternal CORT treatment to shorten telomeres of sons but not daughters. Our treatment replicated exposure to a single stressor per day, likely underestimating effects seen in the wild where stressors may be more frequent. Future research should further explore fitness consequences of maternal CORT effects.
Undernutrition and malaria among under-five children: findings from the 2018 Nigeria demographic and health survey.

Malaria and undernutrition have independently contributed to mortality and morbidity among the under-five population of Nigeria. However, there remains complexity in their association. This study e...
Classifying Worker Types in the U.S. Labor Market

Why some worker types have difficulty finding stable jobs can’t easily be explained by demographic characteristics.
The Interface amongst Conserved and Specialized Pathways in Non-Paclitaxel and Paclitaxel Accumulating Taxus Cultures

Plant cell cultures derived from Taxus are used to produce valuable metabolites like paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug. Methyl jasmonate elicitation enhances paclitaxel accumulation, but also inhibits culture growth and increases phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, two side effects that detract from taxane accumulation. To understand the connection between all of these processes, a systems approach is applied to investigate cell-wide metabolism in Taxus. Non-paclitaxel and paclitaxel accumulating cultures were elicited over single and multi-generational periods, and subsequent changes in conserved and specialized metabolism were quantified. Methyl jasmonate typically resulted in decreased growth and increased metabolite content in paclitaxel accumulating cultures. Conversely, elicitation typically resulted in either no change or decrease in accumulation of metabolites in the non-paclitaxel accumulating cultures. In both sets of cultures, variability was seen in the response to methyl jasmonate across generations of cell growth. Consolidation of these data determined that paclitaxel accumulation and basal levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds are indirectly correlated with aggregate size. These approaches assess alternative metabolic pathways that are linked to paclitaxel biosynthesis and provide a comprehensive strategy to both understand the relationship between conserved and specialized metabolism in plants and in the design of strategies to increase natural product yields in plant cell culture.