cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Male-Biased microRNA Discovery in the Pea Aphid

Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression levels during development, shaping how a single genome produces a diversity of phenotypes. Here, we begin to explore the epigenetic regulation of sexual dimorphism in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) by focusing on microRNAs. Previous analyses of microRNAs in aphids have focused solely on females, so we performed deep sequencing of a sample containing early-stage males. We used this sample, plus samples from Genbank, to find 207 novel pea aphid microRNA coding loci. We localized microRNA loci to a chromosome-level assembly of the pea aphid genome and found that those on the X chromosome have lower overall expression compared to those on autosomes. We then identified a set of 19 putative male-biased microRNAs and found them enriched on the X chromosome. Finally, we performed protein-coding RNA-Seq of first instar female and male pea aphids to identify genes with lower expression in males. 10 of these genes were predicted targets of the 19 male-biased microRNAs. Our study provides the most complete set of microRNAs in the pea aphid to date and serves as foundational work for future studies on the epigenetic control of sexual dimorphism.
THE CHYTRID BLINDERS 2.0: HOW ARE WE DOING? CHYTRID BLINDERS 2.0

Amphibians are declining around the world and infectious diseases are thought to play a key role in these declines, along with habitat destruction and other environmental factors. Since the late 1900s, several emerging infections have been identified in amphibians. The chytrids, of which there are two known to affect amphibians, Batrachochytrium dendtrobatids, and B. salamandrivorans; and ranaviruses are perhaps the most well-known and studied. There are also other, lesser known and studied pathogenic agents such as Perkinsea spp. and herpesviruses; that have emerged in approximately the same timeline, which may also be contributing to amphibian population dynamics. In this piece we examine the progress that has been made over the past decade in understanding ‘The Big Three’ and specifically how the emergence of B. salamandrivorans has brought together much of the amphibian disease world in the last half of the 2010s.
Systematic study of rogue wave probability distributions in a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation

[1] Nonlinear instability and refraction by ocean currents are both important mechanisms that go beyond the Rayleigh approximation and may be responsible for the formation of freak waves. In this paper, we quantitatively study nonlinear effects on the evolution of surface gravity waves on the ocean, to explore systematically the effects of various input parameters on the probability of freak wave formation. The fourth-order current-modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation (CNLS4) is employed to describe the wave evolution. By solving CNLS4 numerically, we are able to obtain quantitative predictions for the wave height distribution as a function of key environmental conditions such as average steepness, angular spread, and frequency spread of the local sea state. Additionally, we explore the spatial dependence of the wave height distribution, associated with the buildup of nonlinear development.
Design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of a potential synthetic opioid rescue agent.

Background One of the most prominent opioid analgesics in the United States is the high potency agonist fentanyl. It is used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain and as an anesthetic adjuvant. When used inappropriately, however, ingestion of just a few milligrams of fentanyl or other synthetic opioid can cause opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), often leading to death. Currently, the treatment of choice for OIRD is the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Recent reports, however, suggest that higher doses or repeated dosing of naloxone (due to recurrence of respiratory depression) may be required to reverse fully fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, rendering this treatment inadequate. To combat this synthetic opioid overdose crisis, this research aims at identifying a novel opioid reversal agent with enhanced efficacy towards fentanyl and other synthetic opioids. Methods A series of naltrexone analogues were characterized for their ability to antagonize the effects of fentanyl in vitro utilizing a modified forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Lead analogue 29 was chosen to undergo further PK studies, followed by in vivo pharmacological analysis to determine its ability to antagonize opioid-induced antinociception in the hot plate assay. Results A series of potent MOR antagonists were identified, including the highly potent analogue 29 (IC50 = 2.06 nM). Follow-up PK studies revealed 29 to possess near 100% bioavailability following IP administration. Brain concentrations of 29 surpassed plasma concentrations, with an apparent terminal half-life of ~ 80 min in mice. In the hot plate assay, 29 dose-dependently (0.01-0.1 mg/kg; IP) and fully antagonized the antinociception induced by oxycodone (5.6 mg/kg; IP). Furthermore, the dose of 29 that is fully effective in preventing oxycodone-induced antinociception (0.1 mg/kg) was ineffective against locomotor deficits caused by the KOR agonist U50,488. Conclusions Methods have been developed that have utility to identify enhanced rescue agents for the treatment of OIRD. Analogue 29, possessing potent MOR antagonist activity in vitro and in vivo, provides a promising lead in our search for an enhanced synthetic opioid rescue agent.
Informosomes Travel in Time: An Early mRNA Concept in the Current mRNP Landscape

Messenger RNA is complexed with proteins throughout its life cycle. The first mRNA-containing particles of non-ribosomal nature, named informosomes, were discovered in cytoplasmic extracts of fish embryos by the laboratory of Alexander Spirin, and later described in live cells. Over time, various other nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA-containing ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) have been found and characterized. Although these mRNPs are very diverse in their subcellular localization, structure and functions, they share many common characteristics with informosomes. In this mini-review, I will discuss the discovery of informosomes, their characteristics and proposed functions, and their potential relationship to other mRNPs.
Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of oolitic iron ore in ore/coal mixture

Mixtures of oolitic iron ore and coal with different C/O molar ratios (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0) were heated from 600 to 1300 °C at four heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1). The degree of reduction and reduction rate were calculated from the measurements of weight loss and off-gas composition using thermogravimetry technique and NDIR gas analyzer. The kinetic parameters (the activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reduction model) were determined by Ozawa–Flynn–Wall kinetic method and by Satava–Sestak method. It was found that, as temperature increased, the degree of reduction increased, while the reduction rate rapidly increased first, subsequently stabilized, and then decreased. The non-isothermal reduction of oolitic iron ore with coal was significantly influenced by both heating rate and C/O molar ratio, although the impact of the latter was much less. The values of activation energy estimated by Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method ranged from 159.2 to 169.6 kJ mol−1. The mechanism function for the non-isothermal coal-based reduction of oolitic iron ore was D5 reaction model. The non-isothermal kinetic models for coal-based reduction of oolitic iron ore were proposed based on the obtained kinetic parameters. The iron oxide in the oolitic ore was reduced to metallic iron in the sequence of Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO (FeAl2O4, Fe2SiO4) → Fe. Phase change and reduction mechanism shift were observed during the reduction.
Single-Cell Genomics

Large metagenomic studies demonstrate the central theme, the microbial heterogeneity of individual microbial cells, which will drive single-cell genomics and microbiology. This chapter gives an overview of the current state of the art and highlights the different technological steps necessary to achieve the total genome sequence from a single microbial cell. It addresses (i) methods to isolate single bacterial cells, (ii) DNA isolation and amplification from a single microorganisms, (iii) DNA sequencing, and (iv) applications and future outlook. Many applications of single-cell genomics require careful DNA amplification to overcome several problems and potential limitations. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) amplifies all DNA present within the sample, including contaminating DNAs, multicopy sequences, and plasmids, thus making sequence annotation more challenging. MDA techniques are also being used in microbial ecology for strategies beyond single-cell genomics applications, which should accelerate their refinement and adoption. The current and potential uses of MDA warrant further work on addressing the potential biases and problems with its application. One of the most promising new sequencing technologies is the 454 sequencing platforms. Continued improvements in DNA sequencing techniques, bioinformatics, and data analysis over the past few years have helped reduce the cost and time associated with sequencing a genome.
Duration estimates within a modality are integrated sub-optimally

Perceived duration can be influenced by various properties of sensory stimuli. For example, visual stimuli of higher temporal frequency are perceived to last longer than those of lower temporal frequency. How does the brain form a representation of duration when each of two simultaneously presented stimuli influences perceived duration in different way? To answer this question, we investigated the perceived duration of a pair of dynamic visual stimuli of different temporal frequencies in comparison to that of a single visual stimulus of either low or high temporal frequency. We found that the duration representation of simultaneously occurring visual stimuli is best described by weighting the estimates of duration based on each individual stimulus. However, the weighting performance deviates from the prediction of statistically optimal integration. In addition, we provided a Bayesian account to explain a difference in the apparent sensitivity of the psychometric curves introduced by the order in which the two stimuli are displayed in a two-alternative forced-choice task.
Social discomfort and depression in a sample of adults with leg amputations.

We examined the relationship between social discomfort and depression in a sample of 89 adults with leg amputations at two outpatient clinics. It was hypothesized that individuals who reported being uncomfortable with social contacts involving acknowledgement of their amputation or prosthesis were more prone to depression than other patients. A set of questions addressing different aspects of social discomfort demonstrated internal consistency and were used as a scale. Social discomfort was significantly correlated with scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale depression scale (r = .41). Multiple regression analysis showed that social discomfort was a significant independent predictor of depression, after holding constant the effects of age, gender, social support, time since amputation, reason for amputation, and perceived health. These data indicate that health care professionals should view the expression of social discomfort by amputee patients as a possible "marker" for depression. Further studies are planned to develop and validate an expanded social discomfort scale.
Carbohydrate structure characterization of two soluble forms of a ligand for the ECK receptor tyrosine kinase

Publisher Summary Characterization of glycoproteins requires application of several chromatographic and mass spectrometric analytical techniques. This chapter discusses carbohydrate microheterogeneity using high pH anion exchange chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS) after isolation and identification of the peptides containing glycosylation sites. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry generally gives good results for the glycopeptides at sub-picomolar to low picomolar levels, and it is possible to analyze nearly all of the peptides using this technique. The purified glycopeptides are analyzed by ES-MS and in several cases produced some different ion populations than what is observed in the MALDI-TOF spectra. Based on the mass spectrometric and high pH anion exchange chromatographic results, the major difference between the two r-HuB61 150 forms secreted from CHO cells is in the type of N-linked carbohydrate glycosylation at Asn 8 . The partial glycosylation pattern observed in this study is also common to other recombinant glycoproteins produced in CHO cells, such as stem cell factor.
The immunohistology of glomerular antigens. IV. Laminin, a defined noncollagen basement membrane glycoprotein.

Abstract This study describes the detailed immunohistologic localization of laminin, a defined noncollagen basement membrane glycoprotein and its relationship to fibronectin and the antigens localized by the Goodpasture antibody (GPaGBM) and heterologous anti-GBM antibody (RaGBM) in normal human kidney. The bilaminar GBM staining pattern for laminin reveals an outer epithelial line continuous with Bowman's capsule and the TBM and an inner subendothelial line continuous with the mesangium and vascular smooth muscle wall. This suggests a previously unrecognized role for the mesangial cell in the normal structure of the peripheral GBM. Fibronectin, predominantly mesangial, also has a weak localization in the subendothelial space, but no epithelial component. These defined glycoprotein antigens differ from those localized by GP antibody and RaGBM. The role of noncollagen glycoproteins in the maintenance of GBM filtration barrier remains to be elucidated. The adhesive or repulsive properties of molecules such as fibronectin may be required for the maintenance of normal glomerular cellular relationships.
Numerical Simulation of Low Mach Number Reactive Flows

A new formulation for the numerical solution of low Mach number compressible flow problems is presented and analyzed. In this formulation the thermal part (energy and species equations) is solved implicitly and decoupled from the momentum equation, whereas the hydrodynamic part (momentum-continuity) is advanced in time using a high order splitting approach which results in overall high order accuracy in time and minimal errors in mass conservation. These errors are analyzed using both analytical tools and benchmark numerical examples. Results from two-dimensional simulations with one-step global reaction in opposed jet flame and porous particle configurations are also presented.
Renal Lysozyme Levels in Animals Developing Proteus mirabilis-Induced Pyelonephritis

In animals developing experimentally induced unilateral pyelonephritis, both the infected kidney (IK) and the contralateral noninfected kidney (NIK) showed an immediate increase in renal lysozyme activity of about 5 days' duration after the unilateral injection of viable Proteus mirabilis into the renal cortex. Lysozyme activities of the NIK were consistently higher than those of the IK. This initial increase was followed by a second increase which lasted throughout the period of observation (17 days), and enzyme activities of the NIK were consistently higher than those of the IK. In saline punctured kidneys of control animals, both the saline punctured kidney (SP) and the non-saline punctured kidney (NSP) showed only the immediate increase in renal lysozyme activity, which persisted until the SP was completely healed. These enzyme activities were less than those observed in the infected animals, but the response of the NSP was greater than that of the SP. Trauma not directed to the kidney does not produce a similar response of renal lysozyme. The elevated renal lysozyme of the NIK could not be shown to protect it from bacterial infection.
Research note: Greater tree canopy cover is associated with lower rates of both violent and property crime in New Haven, CT

Abstract Evolving literature suggests that modifiable neighborhood characteristics such as trees and other vegetation are inversely associated with crime. This study examines the relationship between vegetation and crime in New Haven, CT, a midsized city with high crime rates. Spatial lag analyses were used to test the association of tree canopy coverage, measured through high-resolution aerial imagery, with rates of violent (murder, rape, robbery and assault), property (burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft and arson) and total (violent + property) crimes. Greater tree canopy coverage was associated with lower rates of violent, property and total crime, independent of block group level educational attainment, median household income, racial/ethnic composition, population density, vacancies and renter-occupied housing, as well as spatial autocorrelation. Results support the general findings from studies conducted in larger cities, including Chicago, Portland, Baltimore and Philadelphia and points toward trees’ crime prevention potential.
Jay Forrester's operational approach to economics

Jay Forrester's models evoke an operational approach to understanding economic behavior and managing economic systems. They build on managerial roles, not rational agency embedded in mainstream models of economic theory. Forrester's models can therefore be easily tied to policies that relate to everyday decisions. His writings provide deep insights that can be effectively applied to managing firms, regions, nations and the global economic system. This paper discusses Forrester's approach to addressing economic problems, and how it calls for rethinking the practice of economics. Copyright © 2015 System Dynamics Society
Computing Theta-Stable Parabolic Subalgebras Using LiE

This paper describes an algorithm for computing representatives of conjugacy classes of θ-stable parabolic subalgebras of a semisimple complex Lie algebra g c| relative to any of its non-compact real forms g of inner type. These subalgebras are important for studying representations of g.
The Order Structure of Positive Operators

A linear operator between two ordered vector spaces that carries positive elements to positive elements is known in the literature as a positive operator. As we have mentioned in the preface, the main theme of this book is the study of positive operators. To obtain fruitful and useful results the domains and the ranges of positive operators will be taken to be Riesz spaces (vector lattices). For this reason, in order to make the material as self-sufficient as possible, the fundamental properties of Riesz spaces are discussed as they are needed.
An objective approach for deriving surface structure: Application to Cu(100)/N

Abstract We describe an approach for determining surface geometry from data-averaged experimental intensity profiles. All periodic experimental peaks are treated statistically, so that uncertainties in a few peaks have a small effect. Application of this method to Cu(100) yields results in agreement with more conventional treatments. Results for Cu(100)/N indicate that the nitrogen rests 0.146 ± 0.005 nm above the Cu substrate with registry corresponding to the center of a copper unit cell.
Low temperature brittleness

Abstract W, Cd, Su, Mo, Fe and Cr become brittle at low temperatures and high strain rates. When the reciprocal of the absolute temperature for full brittleness is plotted vs. log strain-rate, or log time to fracture, straight lines are obtained. These curves extrapolated toward a roughly common value of strain rate, ϵ ≈ 1012 in./in./min, or time to fracture, t ≈ 10−13 min, at 1 T = 0 . Stroh's theory estimates t (at 1 T = 0 ) ≈ 10−17 min. Zinc is brittle at low temperatures and high strain rates, but the brittle boundary curve extrapolates to a higher strain rate, ϵ ≈ 1033 in./in./min. or shorter time to fracture, t ≈ 10−34 min, at 1/T = 0. Hg, V, Ta, Zr and Ti (all non-face-centred cubic metals) are ductile down to liquid air temperatures and at strans rate equal to 19,000 in./in./min.
The Use Of Repeated Measurements To Reduce The Effect Of Measurement Errors

Abstract In this, paper, the errors associated with measurement processes are studied. A best estimator of the true value of the dimension of a product is obtained using replicate readings of the measurement, based on earlier results. The effect of replications on performance measures of a single sampling plan is studied. A method to obtain the optimum number of replications which minimizes the total cost of inspection is also given.
An Effective field theory for collinear and soft gluons: Heavy to light decays

We construct the Lagrangian for an effective theory of highly energetic quarks with energy Q, interacting with collinear and soft gluons. This theory has two low energy scales, the transverse momentum of the collinear particles, ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}},$ and the scale ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{2}/Q.$ The heavy to light currents are matched onto operators in the effective theory at one loop and the renormalization group equations for the corresponding Wilson coefficients are solved. This running is used to sum Sudakov logarithms in inclusive $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{u}l\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decays. We also show that the interactions with collinear gluons preserve the relations for the soft part of the form factors for heavy-to-light decays found by Charles et al. [Phys. Rev. D 60, 014001 (1999)], establishing these relations in the large energy limit of QCD.
Analysis of felodipine by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography with electron capture and ultraviolet absorbance detection.

Abstract A reproducible and selective supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was developed for the analysis of felodipine, a drug indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Methanol-modified carbon dioxide was employed as the SFC mobile phase with both electron capture detection (ECD) and multi-wavelength detection (MWD) being used simultaneously for analyte determination. Chromatographic limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), linear dynamic range (LDR) and injection precision were obtained in order to assess chromatographic and detector performance for both the SFC/MWD and SFC/ECD/MWD systems. The method was shown to be stability indicating since felodipine could be separated from its potential oxidative degradation product, H152/37, in under 6 min (felodipine k′ = 2.44). Sample throughput was increased by 60% with the SFC assay vs LC. The optimized SFC method was shown to be equivalent to an existing LC/UV procedure for the analysis of a sustained-release tablet while realizing a 92% saving in disposable solvent waste. In order to achieve further solvent savings overall, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with 8% methanol-modified carbon dioxide as the extraction fluid was used to extract felodipine from a sustained-release tablet (as opposed to traditional solvent extraction). Comparable drug recoveries were obtained with SFE sample preparation technique when either SFC or LC extract analysis was utilized.
Suppression of Amaranthus spinosus and Kochia scoparia: evidence of competition or allelopathy in Allium fistulosum

Abstract The effect of Allium fistulosum L. and A. cepa L. genotypes on plant growth and seed germination of spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) and kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) was investigated. Biomass of amaranth and kochia plants were significantly reduced when grown with A. fistulosum var. Heshiko and an interspecific F1 hybrid 81215, Heshiko X A. cepa cv. New Mexico Yellow Grano. Weeds grown with Heshiko and 81215 were significantly shorter at harvest, but height usually did not differ from controls when grown with A. fistulosum var. Ishikura or other Allium genotypes. Germination of kochia seeds was not affected by root exudates from any Allium. Germination of amaranth seeds moistened with root exudates from Heshiko was 44–53% less than germination of controls or when moistened with exudates from other genotypes, providing evidence of allelopathy against Amaranthus spinosus.
Improved oxygen mass transfer modeling for diffused/subsurface aeration systems

The mass transfer analysis of the oxygen transfer performance of diffused air or subsurface mechanical aeration systems has progressed very little over the past 20 years. The recently-developed ASCE Standard method for determination of the oxygen mass transfer performance of diffused or subsurface aeration systems is based on a greatly over-simplified mass transfer model. Although the ASCE Standard can be used to empirically evaluate point performance conditions, it does not provide a meaningful representation of the actual mass transfer process and is not capable of accurately assessing or predicting performance under changing operating or environmental conditions. A new oxygen mass transfer model has been developed which is a fundamentally more rigorous description of the actual mass transfer process in diffused aeration systems. This model can be confidently used to predict aerator performance under changing operating and environmental conditions. The model is easily adapted to numerical computer solution for routine aeration systems performance evaluation as well as process design.
Psychosocial health needs of older women: Urban versus rural comparisons

The population of older women who live alone is rapidly expanding. For a variety of reasons, mental health needs often are not treated. A stress-coping framework guided this study of psychosocial health needs in both urban and rural women, urban women reported higher levels of stress and greater use of community services. Forty-two percent of the total group of women reported that they had either used psychotropic drugs or felt a need for them and, yet only 2% had ever used outpatient mental health services. Implications for nurses are discussed.
The “Birthday Blues” in a Sample of Major League Baseball Players' Suicides

Among 74 major league baseball players known to have committed suicide, 17 occurred within 28 days of the players' birthdays as compared to an expected number of 11.4.
A Simulation Analysis of Pose Measurement Error in Robot Calibration

Calibration of a robotic manipulator and subsequent application of accuracy improvement techniques require precise measurement of manipulator position and orientation. This paper presents a comparison of two methods for computing position and orientation based on six or nine linear displacements measured in a test fixture
Differences and relationships between the physical properties and the microscopic structure of human femoral, tibial and fibular cortical bone

Coefficients of correlation between certain physical properties and the histological components of the break area were calculated on an IBM 7090 computer for 56 femoral, 79 tibial and 37 fibular specimens of embalmed cortical bone of standardized size and shape. Strong positive correlations (0.01–0.02 significance level) were found between tensile strength and the percentage of interstitial lamellae in the break area; between hardness and the number of osteons/mm2; and between hardness and the percentage of osteons in the break area. Equally high negative correlations were found between tensile strength and percentage of osteons in the break area; between shearing strength and average area/osteon remnant; between elastic modulus and percentage of spaces in the break area; and an even higher correlation (0.001) between hardness and percentage of spaces in the break area. Negative correlations (at slightly more than 0.05 significance level) were found between shearing strength and modulus and average area/osteon. Osteons tend to reduce the tensile strength and elastic modulus of bone while interstitial lamellae tend to increase them. The probable reason is the relatively greater amount of cement lines, which are sites of weakness where failure can occur, in Haversian bone as compared with lamellar bone. The predominant orientation of collagen fibers and the amount and distribution of calcium may also be involved. These factors are now being investigated.
Rheology of warm mix asphalt binders with aged binders

Abstract This study addresses the rheological investigation of properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) binders containing long-term aged binders. The recycled binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e., zeolite Aspha-min® and wax Sasobit®) of the available warm asphalt processes. The main rheological factors selected in this study were relationships between loading and response as a function of time, temperature and frequency using a Bohlin Dynamic Shear Rheometer II. The results indicated that the addition of Sasobit® into recycled binders played an important role in determination of the binder properties evaluated in this study. The use of lower performance grade (PG) as a virgin binder (PG 58-28 in this study) was critical on offsetting the change of rheological binder properties due to the warm additives and the aged binders.
Double exposure technology using silicon containing materials

Recently, a new technology called double exposure lithography is emerging as new technology that extends lithography factor under 0.25. The need of this technology comes from the delay in maturity of EUV technology such as light source, reflective mask and optics, and resist. However, double exposure technology requires additional processes including two hard mask deposition steps, one more lithography patterning step and two hard mask etching steps. In addition, there would be several issues such as patterning on topology problems for the case of second patterning and complexity in etching process. In brief, the complex process of double exposure technology should be simplified for real device production. In this paper, we will introduce novel double exposure technology that minimizes the number of process steps by using silicon containing BARC. Silicon BARC acts as BARC and hard mask at the same time in our double exposure process so the process step and cost can be reduced. During first exposure step, silicon containing BARC take a role of BARC for first resist patterning and then remaining pattern of silicon containing BARC acts as hard mask pattern for second patterning and etching. Using this simple and novel process, more economic way of double exposure technology can be available. In this paper, the issues and countermeasures for silicon containing BARC based double exposure technology will be reported.
Exploring the Use of the Interactive Systems Framework to Guide School Mental Health Services in Post-disaster Contexts: Building Community Capacity for Trauma-Focused Interventions

Over the past two decades schools have been identified as the de facto mental health system for youth. Therefore, improving and expanding school mental health (SMH) has become a pressing agenda item for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and funders. Advancing this agenda includes not only translating intervention research into practice within schools, but building capacities for these interventions to occur. The interactive systems framework (ISF) of Wandersman and colleagues, and the focus of this special issue, provides guidance in bridging the gap between research and practice through multisystem capacity building. There is some evidence that application of the ISF has helped to build capacity for SMH in states, but this evidence is preliminary. In addition, application of the ISF has not occurred in SMH at the community level or in relation to the specific stresses a community undergoes in relation to a disaster. The purpose of this article was to conduct a preliminary attempt to connect these three areas—the ISF, SMH and strengthening SMH through the ISF to better address impacts of a community level disaster; in this case, we explore the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans schools, their students and families, and SMH programming within them.
Nondimensional Representations for Occulter Design and Performance Evaluation

An occulter is a spacecraft with a precisely-shaped optical edges which flies in formation with a telescope, blocking light from a star while leaving light from nearby planets unaffected. Using linear optimization, occulters can be designed for use with telescopes over a wide range of telescope aperture sizes, science bands, and starlight suppression levels. It can be shown that this optimization depends primarily on a small number of independent nondimensional parameters, which correspond to Fresnel numbers and physical scales and enter the optimization only as constraints. We show how these can be used to span the parameter space of possible optimized occulters; this data set can then be mined to determine occulter sizes for various mission scenarios and sets of engineering constraints.
Hereditary pancreatic cancer: a clinical perspective.

Pancreatic cancer is an extraordinarily deadly disease and is responsible for over 220,000 deaths worldwide each year. One of the greatest risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer is a positive family history. Hereditary pancreatitis patients have a greatly elevated pancreatic cancer risk and individuals with cystic fibrosis may rarely develop this cancer, but often at very young ages. Various genetically linked cancer syndromes have been associated with pancreatic cancer in mutation-positive family members. Finally, familial pancreatic cancer—defined as families with two or more first-degree relatives who have pancreatic cancer but do not have a known cancer syndrome—is a known entity whose disease-causing mutation remains unidentified. This article describes research to date on hereditary pancreatic cancer, addresses how best clinicians should recognise hereditary forms of pancreatic cancer and explains the emotional burden of discovering a potentially lethal mutation. Many controversies and unanswered questions in hereditary pancreatic cancer remain.
Effective Force Field for Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation Using the Force-Matching Method†

A recently developed force-matching method for obtaining effective force fields for condensed matter systems from ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been applied to fit a simple nonpolarizable two-site pairwise force field for liquid hydrogen fluoride. The ab initio MD in this case was a Car-Parrinello (CP) MD simulation of 64 HF molecules at nearly ambient conditions within the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr approximation to the electronic density functional theory. The force-matching procedure included a fit of short-ranged nonbonded forces, bonded forces, and atomic partial charges. The performance of the force-match potential was examined for the gas-phase dimer and for the liquid phase at various temperatures. The model was able to reproduce correctly the bent structure and energetics of the gas-phase dimer, while the results for the structural properties, self-diffusion, vibrational spectra, density, and thermodynamic properties of liquid HF were compared to both experiment and the CP MD simulation. The force-matching model performs well in reproducing nearly all of the liquid properties as well as the aggregation behavior at different temperatures. The model is computationally cheap and compares favorably to many more computationally expensive potential energy functions for liquid HF.
Rimonabant blocks the expression but not the development of locomotor sensitization to nicotine in rats.

Cannabinoid, especially CB1, receptors have been implicated in the development and expression of a variety of behaviors produced by addictive drugs. The intent was to determine if coadministration of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716A), would block the development or expression of locomotor sensitization to repeated injections of nicotine. Male Long–Evans rats were injected with either 2 mg/kg rimonabant or its vehicle 30 min before an injection of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine or saline and immediately placed in activity chambers for 1 h on each of six sessions on alternating days. Before the two subsequent challenge sessions, all rats were injected with the vehicle and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine combination and then with the 2 mg/kg rimonabant and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine combination, respectively. Repeated injections of nicotine produced a progressive increase in locomotion that was blocked by coadministration of rimonabant. However, the subsequent nicotine challenge increased locomotion in both nicotine-pretreated groups equally more than in the saline-pretreated groups. Coadministration of rimonabant along with nicotine on the second challenge decreased the locomotion of the nicotine-pretreated rats to equal that of the saline-pretreated rats. Rimonabant had no effect on the saline-pretreated rats. These data suggest that rimonabant blocks the expression but not the development of locomotor sensitization to nicotine.
Comprehension of deictic locatives: The object “Behind” it

Forty-eight adult subjects were tested for their comprehension of the locative prepositionsin front of, in back of, ahead of, andbehind in an object manipulation task using two sets of referent objects: fronted and nonfronted. Nonfronted (deictic) objects were employed to verify a locative comprehension model (the canonical encounter) proposed by H. Clark. Results indicated near unanimous interpretation under fronted object conditions, while use of nonfronted objects resulted in inconsistent responses not uniformly supportive of the canonical encounter model. An alternative comprehension strategy is suggested. Implications of results to developmental and disordered language studies are discussed.
Stalk Shredding and Plowing as Methods for Controlling the Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella

Several types of stalk shredding machines were tested for efficiency in destroying field populations of pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.)) larvae. Kills of up to 88% of the larvae were obtained, depending on type of machine used. Best results over all tests were obtained with the flail chopper. The conventional rotary stalk shredders were the least efficient. Plowing tests and winter burial studies indicated that 76% to 83% of the pink bollworm larvae in infested cotton debris were killed by burying the material during the winter. Survival of pink bollworms in infested cotton left over winter on the soil surface averaged 51.6%. These data emphasize the importance of and the benefits that may be obtained by a thorough job of stalk destruction.
Peakfitter — an integrated Excel-based Visual Basic program for processing multiple skewed and shifting Gaussian-like spectral peaks simultaneously: application to radio frequency glow discharge ion trap mass spectrometry

Abstract This article is an electronic publication in Spectrochimica Acta Electronica (SAE), a section of Spectrochimica Acta Part B (SAB). The hardcopy text is accompanied by an electronic archive, stored on the SAE homepage at (http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/sabe). The archive contains program and data files. The main article discusses the scientific spectroscopic and instrumental aspects of the subject and explains the purpose of the program and data files. The work deals with a Microsoft Excel Visual Basic program, Peakfitter, which can process multiple Gaussian-shaped spectral peaks quickly and easily. The program employs Microsoft Excel Solver to process any Gaussian-like spectra that can be opened in Microsoft Excel 97. Up to three peaks in one to 225 spectra, each containing up to 2000 data points can be processed per data file to give background corrected peak areas for both raw data and its associated fit data as calculated by the trapezoidal method or by simple successive addition of channel intensities across each peak. Concurrently output also includes fit peak heights for Gaussian-shaped spectral peaks. Use of other statistical distributions such as the Lorentzian model requires only slight modification to a template file. Hence, Peakfitter was actually written as two application programs, ‘Gaussfitter’ and ‘Lorenfitter’ to accommodate spectra of Gaussian or Lorentzian character, respectively. Written initially to process data from a radio frequency glow discharge ion trap mass spectrometer (rf-GD/ITMS), the program is useful for processing sequentially acquired spectra, which have a limited number of data points across each peak. The user may examine and manipulate program variables in cases where the raw data is skewed with respect to the fit data. An assessment of Peakfitter is given using rf-GD/ITMS elemental analysis and ion–molecule reaction data. Peakfitter’s (i.e. ‘Gaussfitter’s) utility in processing rf-GD/ITMS spectra is characterized by a slight enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio for fit data and (possibly more importantly) the ability to reliably process multiple peaks simultaneously. For the rf-GD/ITMS data, peak area calculation by simple summation of raw data channel intensities proved more useful than other combinations of calculating peak area (i.e. trapezoidal method applied to either fit or raw data or summation method applied to fit data).
Synthesis and characterization of some uranium(IV) pseudohalides

Abstract Nine coordinate complexes of the type [Et 4 N]- [U(NCX) 5 (AA) 2 ] [X = Se, S and AA = 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy); 1,10-phenanthroline (phen); 4,4′-dimethyl- 2,2′-bipyridyl (dmb)] have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and infrared spectra. X-ray powder diffraction data indicates the compounds [Et 4 N]- [U(NCS) 5 (bipy) 2 ] and [Et 4 N] [U(NCSe) 5 (bipy) 2 ] to be isostructural. In addition, the tetraphenylarsonium salts of U(NCS) 8 −4 and U(NCSe) 8 - 4 have been prepared and characterized. A brief study of the solution infrared spectra of the U(NCS) 8 -4 ion in acetone has been made and compared to previous studies. In this instance, solution infrared spectra in the CN stretching region was not useful as a diagnostic tool for determining the structure of this ion in solution, but indicated dissociation of the U(NCS) 8 -4 complex in acetone.
Thiamine triphosphatase in the nervous system.

Abstract Thiamine triphosphate is hydrolyzed by a specific triphosphatase in subcellular fractions of rat brain. This enzyme differs from nucleoside triphosphatases in (1) its subcellular distribution pattern; (2) its susceptibility to inhibition by Ca 2+ ; (3) its activation by sodium deoxycholate; (4) its failure to be affected by known inhibitors of other triphosphatases. The specific activity of the thiamine triphosphatase is as high as that of Mg 2+ -activated ATPase.
Characterization of the Spontaneous “Aging” of the Heme Oxygenase from the Pathological Bacterium Neisseria meningitidis via Cleavage of the C-Terminus in Contact with the Substrate. Implications for Functional Studies and the Crystal Structure†

Solution 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are utilized to characterize the irreversible “aging” of native heme oxygenase from N. meningitidis, NmHO. 2D NMR characterization of the cyanide-...
Major depression in the primary care setting.

Summary This article has provided a brief overview of the prevalence, differential diagnosis, and clinical manifestations of depression in the primary care setting. While the high prevalence of depression is well documented, another body of evidence is accruing that demonstrates that depression not only increases over utilization of medical resources, but may worsen the long-term prognosis of certain medical conditions such as MI. Evidence also suggests that the diagnostic and management skills of primary care physicians—who comprise the "front line" and may offer the only line of care for these patients—is in need of improvement. This series of articles focusing on the diagnosis and treatment; of depression in primary care will hopefully contribute to that effort.
C2-symmetrical tetrahydroxyazepanes as inhibitors of glycosidases and HIV/FIV proteases.

Abstract C2-Symmetrical tetrahydroxyazepanes were synthesized as inhibitors for glycosidases. Tetrahydroxyazepane 1 is a non-specific inhibitor of various glycosidases, while compounds 2, 3 and 4 specifically inhibit β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, and a-fucosidase, respectively, with Ki in the micromolar range. Compound 1 is not an inhibitor of HIV/FIV proteases, but its 3,6-difluorobenzyl derivatives are moderate inhibitors of both enzymes.
Interpreting Canonical Analysis: the Use of Orthogonal Transformations

The purpose of this paper is to outline the role of orthogonal rotation in canonical analysis, including the evaluative measures that need be reported and scrutinized upon application.
Synthesis of substituted tetrahydropyrimido-[4,5-b][1,7]naphthyridines as potential antitumor agents

Cyclocondensation of two disubstituted 6-aminopyrimidines 11 and 12 with 1-benzyl-3-hydroxymethylene-4-piperidone afforded new tricyclic, linear disubstituted 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b][1,6]naphthyridines 4 and 5 respectively. Similar cyclocondensation of 11 with 1-benzoyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-5-carboxalde-hyde gave the corresponding benzoylated tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b][1,6]naphthyridine 6. Debenzoylation of 6 afforded 7. 1-Benzyl-3-aminomethylene-4-piperidone when cyclocondensed with 11 also afforded 4. The linear structures were established by 1H nmr and 13C nmr. The growth of leukemia L1210 cells in culture was inhibited about 50% by 4,5,6 and 7 at 100 μM.
John Jay, the Concept of Deference, and the Transformation of Early American Political Culture

(2002). John Jay, the Concept of Deference, and the Transformation of Early American Political Culture. The Historian: Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 293-317.
Modelling forbidden line emission profiles from colliding wind binaries

This paper presents calculations for forbidden emission-line profile shapes arising from colliding wind binaries. The main application is for systems involving a Wolf–Rayet (WR) star and an OB star companion. The WR wind is assumed to dominate the forbidden line emission. The colliding wind interaction is treated as an Archimedean spiral with an inner boundary. Under the assumptions of the model, the major findings are as follows. (i) The redistribution of the WR wind as a result of the wind collision is not flux conservative but typically produces an excess of line emission; however, this excess is modest at around the 10 per cent level. (ii) Deviations from a flat-toped profile shape for a spherical wind are greatest for viewing inclinations that are more nearly face-on to the orbital plane. At intermediate viewing inclinations, profiles display only mild deviations from a flat-toped shape. (iii) The profile shape can be used to constrain the colliding wind bow shock opening angle. (iv) Structure in the line profile tends to be suppressed in binaries of shorter periods. (v) Obtaining data for multiple forbidden lines is important since different lines probe different characteristic radial scales. Our models are discussed in relation toInfrared Space Observatory data for WR 147 and γ Vel (WR 11). The lines for WR 147 are probably not accurate enough to draw firm conclusions. For γ Vel, individual line morphologies are broadly reproducible but not simultaneously so for the claimed wind and orbital parameters. Overall, the effort demonstrates how lines that are sensitive to the large-scale wind can help to deduce binary system properties and provide new tests of numerical simulations.
Three-Beam Interferometric Technique For Determination Of Strain Of Curved Surfaces

By using three noncoplanar coherent laser beams intersecting one another at angles larger than 30°, three sets of interferometric gratings are generated. By placing a specimen coated with a photosensitive material inside this grating field and exposing it before and after load, one can obtain three distinctive moire fringe patterns, from which principal surface strains can be calculated by using the strain rosette formula.