cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyses of Soils from the Commercial Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites at Barnwell, SC, and Hanford, WA

Brookhaven National Laboratory, in order to provide technical assistance to the NRC, has measured a number of physical and chemical characteristics of soils from two commercial radioactive waste disposal sites: one at Barnwell, SC, and the other near Richland, WA. Materials commonly used for the containment and the solidification of radioactive waste are subject to underground corrosion. The data reported can be used to assess the corrosivity of each burial environment on a waste form or high integrity container. Samples of trench backfill soil, believed to be representative of the soil that will contact the buried waste forms were collected and analyzed. Earth resistivities were measured at each site. Laboratory measurement of the resistivities of water saturated backfill soils from both sites show values greater than 104 ohm-cm. This is indicative of soils having relatively small amounts of soluble ions and of soils likely to be very mildly corrosive to steel. The backfill soil from the Barnwell site is acidic having a pH ∼5. Measurements on Hanford backfill soil indicate a neutral environment; pH ∼7. The exchange acidity of the backfill soils from both sites was <2 meq per 100 g of soil and in most cases an alkaline reaction was observed. The pHs and exchange acidities of these soils are consistent with those of mildly corrosive soils. Aqueous extracts of saturated pastes were used to determine the concentrations of the following ions: Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, HCO3 −, SO4 =, and Cl−. The sulfide content of each of the soils was measured in a mixture of soil and an antioxidant buffer solution.
Study on the stability of the compatibility ceftazidime in three kinds of infusions

Objective: To study the stability of ceftazidime mixed with three kinds of infusions, and provide a scientific basis for the clinical chemotherapy. Methods: HPLC. Results: The quantities of the comptibility of ceftazidime in three kinds of infusions are more than 98 percent when they are preserved at room temperatureor in the fridgerator for 24 hours and 28 hours, and more than 96 percent when they are preserved for 48 hours. Conclusion: Ceftazidime can be mixed with three confusions at room temperature and in the iridgerator.
Mid-career teachers’ perceptions of self-guided professional growth: strengthening a sense of agency through collaboration

Opportunities for self-guided professional development provided a context for exploring ways that mid-career teachers designed learning projects and articulated their perceptions of professional growth. In their applications for small grants for materials and released time, participants identified their own personal goals for improving instruction, designed plans of action, and assessed results. Intensive case studies with six participants documented ways that they integrated professional growth experiences to varying extents based on the nature of their relationships with colleagues. Those who benefited most from their participation had more collaborative relationships and used data more sophisticatedly. Although it is impossible to generalize beyond the context of this initiative, case studies like these affirm the importance of teacher voice and agency in professional development, especially when facilitated by opportunities for extensive conversations about learning and teaching.
Dwelling on Earth

Heidegger’s view of nature is inextricably bound up with his view of how we relate to the world. In his later work, Heidegger attempted to retrieve a more primordial sense of nature in several different dimensions or aspects. These dimensions of nature, inseparable from our interaction with it, are identified from his writings: Nature as underlying essence; Nature as self-emerging life; Nature as physical matter on the earth; and Nature as cosmological home. The relationship between each of these conceptions of nature and our being-in-the-world with nature, which in the later writings is termed dwelling, is explained with reference to the everyday practice of walking.
Preanesthetic Assessment of the Multiple Trauma Victim

Summary The multiple trauma victim taxes even experienced anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, and trauma surgeons. Appropriate care centers around organized planning, team cooperation, communication, and an appreciation of concerns relevant to all involved specialties. The preanesthetic evaluation should begin upon the arrival of the patient to the admitting area. Evaluation and initial stabilization often occur simultaneously, with particular attention given to the cardiopulmonary and neurologic systems. Anesthetic management needs to be tailored individually recognizing the type of injury, organ system involvement, and response to initial therapy. In short, impeccable assessment is the key to successful management and outcome.
Variability in aboveground carbon driven by slope aspect and curvature in an eastern deciduous forest, USA

In forested ecosystems, topography and tree species contribute to spatial variability in carbon (C) dynamics through differential rates of C uptake and storage; therefore, estimates of species-specific and spatial variability in C can strengthen ecosystem budgets. To produce such estimates, we deconstructed watershed-scale C and component pools (e.g., wood biomass, litter) and fluxes at a fine scale using a small mixed deciduous forest catchment to determine the variation due to topographic position and species. Factors affecting fluxes included aspect, slope curvature, tree species contributions, and litter production. Annual C uptake into wood varied across the catchment from 0 to 34 kg C·year−1 and was 20% greater on southern aspects than northern ones and 33% greater in swales than non-swale slopes. Of the more than 20 tree species found in the forest canopy of the catchment, highest C uptake in woody biomass was measured in Quercus rubra L. growing in swales, followed by Quercus prinus L. syn. growin...
Antitumor activity of nexil in preclinical animal tumor models

2319 Background: Nexil, poly-(γ-L-glutamyl glutamine)-paclitaxel, is an innovative macromolecular taxane designed to increase the therapeutic index of paclitaxel by enhancing delivery via the enhanced permeability and retention mechanism. It is a water-soluble formulation of paclitaxel (PTX) made by conjugating PTX to poly(L-glutamate glutamate acid) via ester bonds. Nexil spontaneously forms nanoparticles in aqueous environments. In this study, we evaluated the activity of a Nexil by IV injection in mice bearing a human non-small cell lung cancer xenograft. Methods: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Nexil was determined in tumor free and tumor-bearing nude mice. Therapeutic efficacy of Nexil as compared to Abraxane was evaluated in both the NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer xenograft and murine B16 melanoma models. Results: Nexil is ready soluble in 0.9% saline at 50 mg/ml. Analysis of particle size by light scattering demonstrated that 90% of the particles had a diameter between 7 and 10 nm. In NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model, when given on a q7dx2 schedule, the MTD of Abraxane given IV was 200 mg/kg total cumulative dose; the MTD of Nexil given IV on the same schedule was 1100 mg/kg total cumulative dose. When both drugs were given on the q7dx2 schedule Nexil demonstrated antitumor activity that was significantly better than that of Abraxane while producing less weight loss (Nexil 12%, Abraxane 25%). Nexil increased tumor growth delay by 136% relative to that produced by Abraxane. In the B16 murine melanoma model, Nexil also demonstrated superior antitumor activity at 200 mg/kg/d on a qdx2 schedule given IV; Nexil produced a tumor growth delay 50% greater than that produced by Abraxane. Nexil has also shown activity HT-29 human colon carcinoma model. Conclusions: Covalent linkage of paclitaxel to the poly-(γ-L-glutamyl glutamine) backbone resulted in a formulation that retains high solubility and spontaneously forms nanoparticles in a range known to accumulate in tumors with hyperpermeable capillaries. The toxicity of Nexil was substantially lower than that of Abraxane as estimated from MTD. Nexil has activity in a murine and several human tumor models, and is superior to Abraxane in the NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer model. These results encourage the development of Nexil as a Cremophor-free polymer based formulation of paclitaxel for the treatment of malignant diseases.
Experimental Studies in Face Transplantation: Swine Model

Face composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) was recently achieved in a human subject. However, the side effects of long-term immunosuppression and chronic rejection still need to be concerned. The goal of this chapter is to introduce swine hemifacial transplantation for preclinical studies. To design the hemifacial orthotopic transplant consisted of ear cartilage, auricular nerve, parotid gland and lymphoid tissue, muscle with surrounding hemifacial skin paddle, the vascular territories of the composite flap supplied by the superficial temporal artery, and its branches originating from the carotid artery were defined by angiography anatomic studies. The experimental results revealed that this model is suitable to investigate the new strategies for preclinical facial allotransplantation studies. Monitoring and modulation of early rejection in allo-skin and gland lymphoid tissue is a useful strategy to evaluate CTA survival.
Predictive nuclear chromatin characteristics of melanoma and dysplastic nevi

Background: The diagnosis of malignant melanoma (MM) is among the diagnostic challenges pathologists encounter on a routine basis. Melanoma may arise in patients with preexisting dysplastic nevi (DN) and it is still the cause of 1.7% of all cancer-related deaths. Melanomas often have overlapping histological features with DN, especially those with severe dysplasia. Nucleotyping for identifying nuclear textural features can analyze nuclear DNA structure and organization. The aim of this study is to differentiate MM and DN using these methodologies. Methods: Dermatopathology slides diagnosed as MM and DN were retrieved. The glass slides were scanned using an Aperio ScanScopeXT at ×40 (0.25 μ/pixel). Whole slide images (WSI) were annotated for nuclei selection. Nuclear features to distinguish between MM and DN based on chromatin distributions were extracted from the WSI. The morphological characteristics for each nucleus were quantified with the optimal transport-based linear embedding in the continuous domain. Label predictions for individual cell nucleus are achieved through a modified version of linear discriminant analysis, coupled with the k-nearest neighbor classifier. Label for an unknown patient was set by the voting strategy with its pertaining cell nuclei. Results: Nucleotyping of 139 patient cases of melanoma (n = 67) and DN (n = 72) showed that our method had superior classification accuracy of 81.29%. This is a 6.4% gain in differentiating MM and DN, compared with numerical feature-based method. The distribution differences in nuclei morphology between MM and DN can be visualized with biological interpretation. Conclusions: Nucleotyping using quantitative and qualitative analyses may provide enough information for differentiating MM from DN using pixel image data. Our method to segment cell nuclei may offer a practical and inexpensive solution in aiding in the accurate diagnosis of melanoma.
Perioperative hypogonadism in men undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer.

470Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is associated with significant morbidity, and loss of body weight is a common after RC, even in patients without significant nutritional deficiencies. Prior studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of hypogonadism (HG) in men with cancer and who undergo anesthesia/major surgery. The suppression of testosterone persists up to seven days following surgery. We hypothesize that hypogonadism is prevalent in male patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer (BC), and that it persists in the post-operative period. Methods: We implemented a prospective, IRB-approved trial (Clinical trials.gov # NCT03063125) to prospectively enroll 25 men with no prior history of treatment for HG or other hormonal disorders with a new diagnosis of non-metastatic bladder cancer undergoing RC. Pre-operative total, free testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were obtained. These labs were then repeated on post-operative days 2, 3, 30, and 90. The threshold for normal total testosterone was de...
Using Needs Assessment to Inform a Rural School District's Efforts to Expand Access to Computer Science Education: (Abstract Only)

The remoteness of rural K-12 school districts brings unique challenges to school leaders seeking to expand access to computer science education. Limited resources and perceived relevance of computer science education to rural life are but some of the challenges rural school leaders may face. To ensure the success of the current computer science education reform movement, reformers should incorporate needs assessment into their rationale for change. Supported by insights from a needs assessment, school district leaders are equipped to make the case to stakeholders for the need for computer science education. In the current study, two university-based educational researchers in the State of Georgia conducted a qualitative needs assessment single-case study to explore the challenges and opportunities a rural school district faces in broadening access to computer science education. The researchers used a collaborative process to guide the assessment of the school district's resources, educational programming, and outcomes. Data collection and analysis included documents, archival records, school walk-throughs of the district's five schools, and 15 in-depth interviews with administrators and teachers. Findings included the identification and prioritization of needs as well as themes related to challenges faced by the school district in broadening access to computing. Visitors to this poster session will have the opportunity to learn about one rural school district's unique case and what it suggests for expanding rural computer science initiatives.
Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage Devices: Safety Implications at End-of-Life Disposal

The global demand for electricity has gradually increased to 20,000 TWh in 2016 at approximately 2% per decade. The top four resources to generate electricity are coal, natural gas, nuclear, and renewables. In the USA, natural gas has displaced coal as the primary source for the generation of electricity. In the transport sector, fossil fuels dominate. The two major drawbacks of using fossil fuels for energy and transport are the harmful emission of oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur and the limited availability of these resources if measured in centuries rather than years. To offset these short- and long-term problems, researchers have proposed the development of fuel cells (FCs) as a potential solution. The FCs convert fuels (such as hydrogen) into water and electricity with zero or near-zero emission of harmful gases. Hydrogen is generated using either water splitting or steam reformation of methane, coal gasification, or from methanol. The above alternative solutions require chemical and electrical energy and are not necessarily carbon dioxide neutral. To improve the efficiency and lower the cost of the fuel cell stack, researchers have focused on replacement of platinum anode/cathodes with other non-precious metals. Their potential toxicity and interactions with the environment, animals, and people have received little attention, unlike our understanding of the toxicity of gasoline volatiles, particulate matter, and organic residues. In this study, we evaluated the potential biological effects using core-shelled Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as an example. The toxicity results indicate that electrocatalyst with appropriate structural support may be biologically benign. The toxicity of these catalysts may be an issue in the near future since the number of electric and hydrogen-powered automobiles with fuel cells is expected to increase. This increased utilization will lower consumption of fossil fuels, as well as emission of greenhouses gases, but will increase a secondary risk of the effects of these electrocatalysts. Our results demonstrate the minimization of oxidative stress and cellular damage if encapsulated with natural product extracts.
Sexuality in the aging and incapacitated. Disabilities and treatment

The aging process and illness may be viewed as developmental crises to be mastered. Both situations foster changed roles, diminished physiologic capability, and adaptation to new environments and stresses. Emotional, social, and physical limitations may prohibit full sexual expression and need to be considered if the clinician is to effectively assess his patient's sexual experience. Both subjective and objective data will be helpful in determining if therapy is required and, if so, in developing a sensible treatment plan.
Mitochondrion: A Novel Center for Cancer Cell Signaling

Genomic alterations of normal host cells contribute to the development of cancer. Recent cancer research studies have shown that the aggressive growth and metastasis of cancer cells depend on normal host cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial, mesenchymal and immune cells. Balance among this cellular crosstalk determines the natural history of the cancer and its response to therapy. This active tumor-host dynamic mutualism is referred to as a tumor microenvironment, which can be a key target for both cancer prevention and therapy. An important common feature of various host cells and cancer cells is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to the effect of the microenvironment. Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of ROS production and removal. A shift in cell redox status toward an oxidizing condition activates mitochondrial retrograde signaling, a communication pathway from mitochondria to the nucleus that leads to activation of adaptive response or cell death. Thus, in addition to generating ATP, mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells, play an important role in cell signaling in life-and-death conditions.
Challenging Hernia Locations: Flank Hernias

Flank, or lumbar, hernias result from defects in the posterolateral abdominal wall. These are rare hernias, with several studies indicating as few as 300 cases reported in the literature. Flank hernias can be either acquired, usually from trauma or incisional, or congenital which generally occur in two anatomic locations: the inferior or superior lumbar triangles. Lumbar hernias are challenging to repair, principally because the boundaries of the defect are bony (iliac crest or 12th rib), thus making mesh fixation difficult. Given the rare nature of these defects, there is no consensus on technique of repair, nor are there significant prospective trials. Minimally invasive techniques have been applied since 1996 (Burick AJ, Parascandola SA, J Laparoendosc Surg 6(4):259–62, 1996) to these challenging defects. This chapter will review flank hernias and discuss several technical considerations in performing laparoscopic repair.
A Reconfigurable Hardware Architecture for Principal Component Analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the widely used techniques for dimensionality reduction in multivariate statistical analysis. This article presents an efficient architecture design and implementation of the PCA algorithm on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The designed reconfigurable architecture is modeled in both floating-point and fixed-point representations using our custom-developed library of numerical operations. The PCA architecture supports input dataset matrices with parameterizable dimensions. The synthesizable model of the PCA architecture is modeled in Verilog hardware description language, and its cycle-accurate and bit-true simulation results are verified against its software simulation models. The characteristics and implementation results of the PCA architecture on a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA and in a standard 45-nm CMOS technology are presented. The execution times of the implemented PCA system on the FPGA for different data sizes are compared with those of the graphics processing unit and general-purpose processor implementations. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first high-throughput design and implementation of the reconfigurable PCA architecture, including both the learning and mapping phases, on a single FPGA.
Cannabinoids to Treat Cannabis Use Disorders

As with treatment development for other substance use disorders, there has been great interest in exploring the clinical use of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists for the treatment of cannabis use disorder (CUD). While there are no clearly efficacious medication treatments for CUD, 20 years of committed and high-quality research in the human laboratory and clinical settings has resulted in evidence demonstrating medications with cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) activity are effective in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal, reduction of cannabis use, and prevention of relapse (in the human lab model) and hold a great promise for future work. As with other controlled prescriptions, off-label clinical use of cannabinoid agonists should be considered in the context of potential misuse, overuse, and diversion. While the antagonist medication rimonabant demonstrated early promise in the human lab, safety concerns and withdrawal of its use from the US market preclude further investigation of this agent. However, development of antagonists with different properties may have clinical utility, though they are in the earliest stages of preclinical investigation.
Superabsorbent Poly(isoprenecarboxylate) Hydrogels from Glucose

Isoprenecarboxylic acid (ICA-H), available from glucose via one of its major metabolites mevalonate, has been converted to cross-linked networks by radical polymerization. Monomer feeds comprising various ratios of ICA-H and its sodium salt (ICA-Na) were used to give hydrogels that show attractive performance in comparison with (nonbioderived) poly(acrylate) hydrogels. In particular, these new materials show increasing levels of water uptake (i.e., swelling ratio) across the entire range of ionization (10–90 %Na). This behavior is attributed to the larger distance between carboxylate moieties in the hydrogels, a feature that reduces the average amount of charge repulsion between proximal sodium carboxylate ion pairs (counterion condensation).
Normal Pacinian corpuscles in the hand: radiology-pathology correlation in a cadaver study

To provide microdissection and histological confirmation of normal Pacinian corpuscles prospectively identified using MRI in a cadaver model. 3-T MRI of a cadaveric hand specimen was performed with fiduciary markers on the skin. Based on previous descriptions, subcutaneous nodules representing presumed Pacinian corpuscles were localized with respect to the skin markers, and their sizes and depths were recorded. Focused ultrasound was performed to attempt to visualize the corpuscles. Subsequent microdissection was then performed and the presence and location of Pacinian corpuscles were recorded and compared with the findings on MRI. Histological evaluation for each identified corpuscle was performed. The MRI demonstrated 11 T2-hyperintense palmar subcutaneous nodules around the second through fifth metacarpophalangeal joints. None was visible sonographically. The first eight were dissected and proved to be normal Pacinian corpuscles histologically. In sites devoid of subcutaneous nodules on MRI, subsequent dissection failed to reveal any corpuscles. On MRI, normal Pacinian corpuscles appear as round or oval, T2-hyperintense subcutaneous nodules in the palms, clustered around the metacarpophalangeal joints, and should not be mistaken for pathological conditions.
How to search for gravitational waves from r -modes of known pulsars

Searches for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars so far have been targeted at or near the spin frequency or double the spin frequency of each pulsar, appropriate for mass quadrupole emission. But some neutron stars might radiate strongly through current quadrupoles via $r$-modes, which oscillate at about four thirds the spin frequency. We show for the first time how to construct searches over appropriate ranges of frequencies and spin-down parameters to target $r$-modes from known pulsars. We estimate computational costs and sensitivities of realistic $r$-mode searches using the coherent $\mathcal{F}$-statistic, and find that feasible searches for known pulsars can beat spin-down limits on gravitational wave emission even with existing LIGO and Virgo data: The spin-down limit of the Crab pulsar is accessible with data from LIGO's first observing run, while the Vela pulsar and several others are accessible with data from the second run.
Looming Deficits: Textile Production Specialization in Postclassic Mesoamerica

Using textile production in Postclassic Western Mesoamerica as a case study, this article explores how to differentiate low levels of craft production caused by household provisioning from low levels of craft production due to market reliance and regional specialization. I use a sample of 52 excavated site/phase components to establish baselines for the intensity of production and to evaluate whether participation in the market allowed craftspeople in some regions to underproduce textiles relative to local needs. Highland and lowland sites have comparable low frequencies of spindle whorls during the Early Postclassic, which I interpret as characteristic of household self-sufficiency. Whorl frequencies increase above this baseline earlier and to a higher degree in lowland sites than in highland sites. During the Late Postclassic, some regions may have formed pairs of over- and underproduction zones linked by the market. Because of changes in spinning technology, it is not possible to extrapolate the results of this study to earlier time periods. I then present data from Calixtlahuaca as an example of how macroregional data can be used to interpret craft production at a particular site. Textile production at Calixtlahuaca was generally low, but this was more likely a function of a strong dependence on maguey fiber, rather than underproduction caused by a reliance on the market.
Tit for Tat and Beyond: The Legendary Work of Anatol Rapoport

This article pays tribute to Anatol Rapoport. Rapoport’s contributions spanned scientific disciplines and included the application of mathematical models to biology and the social sciences, alongside metatheoretical work bridging semantics, ethics, and philosophy. Known for formulating the “Tit for Tat” strategy, his approach to game theory reflected a nuanced understanding of knowledge, wisdom, and ethics; the differences, for example, between modeling behavior—what works as an algorithm in a structured game—and solving complex human social interactions. While developing a science of human conflict, Rapoport focused on simple ideas to promote cooperation; his ultimate goal was to foster world peace. A career overview alongside testimonials by scholars and family provide a glimpse of Anatol Rapoport, the scientist and the person. The legacy and thinking of Anatol Rapoport continue to resonate and reverberate today whenever we conduct rigorous scholarship toward transforming conflict into peaceful harmony, whether among people or nations.
Chapter 7 – Homeland Security

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, permanently changed the way the United States and the world’s other most developed countries perceived the threat from terrorism. Massive amounts of resources were mobilized in a very short time to counter the perceived and actual threats from terrorists and terrorist organizations. In the United States, this refocus was pushed as a necessity for what was called homeland security. The homeland security threats were anticipated for the IT infrastructure as well. It was expected that not only the IT at the federal level was vulnerable to disruptions due to terrorism-related attacks but, due to the ubiquity of the availability of IT, any organization was vulnerable. Soon after the terrorist attacks, the U.S. Congress passed various new laws and enhanced some existing ones that introduced sweeping changes to homeland security provisions and to the existing security organizations. The executive branch of the government also issued a series of Homeland Security Presidential Directives to maintain domestic security. These laws and directives are comprehensive and contain detailed provisions to make the U.S. secure from its vulnerabilities. Later in the chapter, we describe some principle provisions of these homeland security-related laws and presidential directives. Next, we discuss the organizational changes that were initiated to support homeland security in the United States. Then we highlight the 9-11 Commission that Congress charted to provide a full account of the circumstances surrounding the attacks and to develop recommendations for corrective measures that could be taken to prevent future acts of terrorism. We also detail the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and the Implementing the 9-11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007. Finally, we summarize the chapter’s discussion.
Methods of antemortem sampling for identification of microbial agents in bovine respiratory disease (BRD)

Although bovine respiratory disease (BRD) can often be managed satisfactorily without diagnosis of microbial agents, when presumptive management is unsuccessful, identification of viruses or bacteria may reveal unexpected contributors, or agents for which a change in vaccination strategy or antimicrobial may be appropriate. The most common and feasible techniques for field use include nasal swabs, guarded nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), transtracheal aspiration, and non-endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Nasal swabs or NPS are ideal for rapidly sampling large numbers of cattle; evidence suggests that testing these for viruses or bacteria reliably represents the agents in the lower respiratory tract at the group level. If only 1 or a small number of animals are to be sampled, the tracheal aspirate or BAL may provide a more reliable result. Recent vaccination with modified-live viral (MLV) vaccines can cause false positive results by any method, thus sampling should not be carried out within 1 month of MLV vaccination. Paired serology can be useful for diagnosis of viral agents, but serologic tests for bacterial BRD agents are not readily available in diagnostic laboratories. Paired serology can be difficult to interpret in calves with maternal antibody, or in recently vaccinated cattle.
Active Beam Tracking Under Stochastic Mobility

In mmWave communications, higher data rate long-range transmission is achieved by using highly directional beams with access to larger bandwidth. An inherent challenge is tracking channel state information (CSI) necessary for mmWave transmission under systems with unpredictable mobility. We propose a novel method of active and sequential beam tracking at mmWave frequencies and above. We focus on the dynamic scenario of UAV to UAV communications where the problem is equivalent to tracking an optimal beamforming vector along the line-of-sight path. In this setting, the resulting receiver beam ideally points in the direction of the angle of arrival with sufficiently high resolution. Existing solutions account for predictable movements or small random movements using known filtering strategies but resort to re-estimation protocols when tracking fails due to unpredictable movements. We propose an algorithm for actively and sequentially selecting beamforming vectors based on a Bayesian posterior with a prediction step to account for the mobility. Numerically, we analyze the normalized beamforming gain achieved by our proposed algorithm and demonstrate significant improvements over existing strategies.
Conformation of the phosphoprotein, phosvitin.

Studies of viscosity, optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), and circular dichroism (CD) are reported on the phosphoprotein, phosvitin. From viscosity measurements it was shown that phosvitin in some of its properties resembles a polyelectrolyte. At low ionic strength the protein molecules, because of the strong electrostatic repulsion between the charged phosphate groups of the phosphoserine residues, attain an extended shape, whereas in the ionic strength interval of 0.02 to 0.05 the molecules contract to a more compact shape. From the ORD measurements in the wave length range of 600 to 300 mµ as function of pH and ionic strength, it was shown that a conformational transition occurs in the pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. The ORD spectra below 300 mµ show that at neutral and alkaline pH the principal trough of phosvitin is at 205 mµ, whereas in the pH range of 3.0 to 4.0 two minima at 207 mµ and 232 mµ are present. The CD spectra are characterized by a strong negative band at 198 mµ. In addition, a positive band at 220 mµ and a negative one at 233 mµ were recorded. Based on these results and in analogy with ORD and CD measurements on polypeptides with known conformation it is suggested that at alkaline pH phosvitin has an unordered conformation, whereas at pH 3.0 to 3.6 helical regions and β structures are present within an otherwise unordered structure.
COMPARING METHODS FOR LOCATING PITCH "ELBOWS"

The labeling of “elbows” in an F0 contour is considered an enterprise beset with difficulty due to the inability of humans to locate pitch elbows with accuracy, consistency and in a manner devoid of theoretical bias. This paper investigates the extent to which human labelers agree with one another in locating elbows and how four algorithms compare to their results. Humans are found to be more consistent than has been suggested and a least-squares fitting algorithm best approaches their intuition. The success of algorithmic elbow location depends on the selection of the contour stretch in which the elbow is to be located. This elbow location is most consistent if performed by a theoretically-informed annotator, suggesting that an atheoretical annotation of F0 contours may be impossible to achieve, and ultimately undesirable.
Multiple instance learning using simple classifiers

In this paper we study Multiple Instance Learning, a variant of the standard classification problem. We demonstrate the utility of an empirical risk minimization approach allowing for a straightforward classification treatment of the problem. In addition we consider simple data dependent hypothesis classes that allow efficient minimization of the empirical loss function and the development of bounds on the estimation error. Our empirical results are competitive with those of the most successful previously published methods.
Paper 9 – Synchronization in chaotic systems

Publisher Summary Chaotic systems would seem to be dynamical systems that defy synchronization. Two identical autonomous chaotic systems started at nearly the same initial points in phase space have trajectories which quickly become uncorrelated, even though each maps out the same attractor in phase space. It is thus a practical impossibility to construct identical, chaotic, synchronized systems in the laboratory. This chapter describes the linking of two chaotic systems with a common signal or signals. It highlights that when the signs of the Lyapunov exponents for the subsystems are all negative the systems are synchronized. By synchronize it means that the trajectories of one of the systems converge to the same values as the other and they remain in step with each other. The synchronization appears to be structurally stable.
Gradient-based multi-objective optimization with applications to waterflooding optimization

We consider problems where it is desirable to maximize multiple objective functions, but it is impossible to find a single design vector (vector of optimization variables) which maximizes all objective functions. In this case, the solution of the multi-objective optimization problem is defined as the Pareto front. The defining characteristic of the Pareto front is that, given any specific point on the Pareto front, it is impossible to find another point on the Pareto front or another feasible point which yields a greater value of all objective functions. The focus of this work is on the generation of the Pareto front for bi-objective optimization problems with specific applications to waterflooding optimization. The most straightforward way to obtain the Pareto front is by application of the weighted sum method. We provide a procedure for scaling the optimization problem which makes it more straightforward to obtain points which are approximately uniformly distributed on the Pareto front when applying the weighted sum method. We also compare the performance of implementations of the weighted sum and normal boundary intersection (NBI) procedures where, with both methodologies, a gradient-based algorithm is used for optimization. The vector of objective functions maps the set of feasible design vectors onto a set Z, and it is well known that all points on the Pareto front are on the boundary of Z. The weighted sum method cannot find points which are on the concave part of the boundary of Z, whereas the NBI method can be used to find all points on the boundary of Z, even though all points on this boundary may not correspond to Pareto optimal points. We develop and implement an NBI algorithm based on the augmented Lagrange method where the maximization of the augumented Lagrangian in the inner loop of the augmented Lagrange method is accomplished by a gradient-based optimization algorithm with the necessary gradients computed by the adjoint method. Two waterflooding optimization problems are considered where we wish to optimize (maximize) two conflicting objectives. In the first, the two objectives are to maximize the life-cycle net present value (NPV) of production and to maximize the short-term NPV of production. In the second application, given an uncertain reservoir description, we wish to maximize the expected value of the NPV of life-cycle production and minimize the standard deviation of NPV over the ensemble of geological realizations.
Genetic Mapping of Loci for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Gluconate-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, and Gluconate-6-Phosphate Dehydrase in Escherichia coli

The loci on the Escherichia coli genome of mutations affecting the constitutive enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf) and gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (gnd), and the inducible enzyme gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrase (edd), were determined by conjugation and transduction experiments, chiefly by three-factor crosses. They are in the same region of the chromosome, and their order is gnd—his—(edd, zwf)—aroD; gnd and his are cotransduceable, as are zwf and edd. The position of gnd in Salmonella typhimurium was shown to be similar to that in E. coli.
Pigeon responding in fixed-interval and response-initiated fixed-interval schedules.

In fixed-interval (FI) and response-initiated fixed-interval (RIFI) schedules of reinforcement, a response is required after an interval has elapsed for delivery of reinforcement. In RIFI schedules, a response is required to initiate each interval as well. The objective of this experiment was a systematic comparison of performance in the two schedule types over a range of interval durations. Four pigeons were exposed to FI and RIFI schedules of 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 s. Interfood intervals were longer and more variable in RIFI than corresponding FI schedules. In addition, response rates early in the RIFI schedules were higher than in corresponding FI schedules. However, the distribution of first-response latencies, mean breakpoints, and normalized response gradients suggest that temporal discrimination was equivalent in the two schedules.
Employing New Business Divisions to Exploit Disruptive Innovations: The Interplay between Characteristics of the Corporation and Those of the Venture Management Team

Established firms often create new business divisions in response to new ways of competing, such as those based on disruptive innovations. Using a sample of daily newspapers and their Internet divisions, this study examines the corporate characteristics of orientation, attention, and control and venture management team characteristics of vision, experience, and collective efficacy and their interactive effects on the overall performance of the new division. Findings demonstrate that vision and collective efficacy are related to venture outcomes, orientation affects the experience and vision to venture performance relationships, attention enhances the vision and collective efficacy to performance relationships, and decision autonomy influences the experience and collective efficacy to venture performance relationships. Overall, the results of this study imply that specific venture management team characteristics and corporate characteristics may be tailored to improve chances of meeting specific performance targets and achieving overall venture success.
Removal and utilization of ethanol stillage constituents

Abstract A farm-scale ethyl alcohol plant was used to produce whole stillage from ethanol production using corn and grain sorghum as feedstocks. The stillage was separated into wet pressed solids and thin stillage liquids fractions using a commercial dewatering screw press. Thin stillage liquids from several batches were processed further by centrifugation. Results indicated that nitrogen (or crude protein) concentration was increased by 240% (dry basis) in wet solids fed to cattle and 100% (d.b.) in thin stillage liquids. Biochemical oxygen demand averaged 28 500 ppm and suspended solids concentration ranged from 12 000 to 35 000 ppm. Most of the nitrogen, starch, and crude fiber were contained in stillage dry matter. Centrifugation removed 40% of suspended volatile solids and reduced chemical oxygen demand by 25%. Nearly all the sugar and ash content of whole stillage was in dissolved form and remained with the waste-water after dewatering and centrifugation. The wet pressed solids fraction was highly palatable to cattle but spoiled rapidly. Fermentation of corn and grain sorghum for ethanol production improved the amino acid content and protein quality of fermentation products. The dry matter digestibility of the wet pressed solids fraction from grain sorghum stillage was determined from cattle feeding trials to be 76.9%.
Analysis of molecularly cloned DNA reveals minor differences among three virus strains of Aleutian disease of mink parvovirus

Molecular clones representing a 1.55 kbp genomic segment from three strains of Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV) were studied. All three clones directed synthesis of viral structural antigens. In addition, 19 of 23 restriction sites were shared among viruses.
Telomerase and primary T cells: biology and immortalization for adoptive immunotherapy

Telomeres are specialized repeats, present at the end of chromosomes, whose loss during cell division is followed by growth arrest, a central mechanism of replicative senescence in human cells. Telomere length in stem cells is maintained by telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase, whose function is to restore shortening telomeres. Unlike most somatic cell types, human T lymphocytes are capable of briefly reactivating telomerase expression at the time of stimulation. Telomerase expression in T lymphocytes is modulated by a variety of external stimuli and by viral infections. However, telomerase reactivation in stimulated, proliferating human T lymphocytes is limited and cannot prevent the ultimate onset of senescence. Ectopic telomerase expression can rescue human and macaque antigen-specific T cells from senescence. Primary T cells have been engineered with telomerase to have substantially extended replicative lifespans without the loss of primary cell functions or malignant transformation. ‘Immor...
Generalized (F,β,Φ,ρ,θ) -univex functions and optimality conditions in semiinfinite fractional programming

Abstract In this paper, we establish a set of necessary optimality conditions, and formulate and discuss a fairly large number of sets of global sufficient optimality criteria under various generalized (F,β,Φ,ρ,θ) –univexity assumptions for a semiinfinite fractional programming problem.
Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 Is Phosphorylated through Two Distinct Pathways, One Associated with Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Activation and the Other with G2/M Accumulation or Protein Phosphatase 1/2A Inhibition *

Protein kinase C activators and microtubule-damaging drugs stimulate BCL2 phosphorylation, which has been associated with either enhancement or inhibition of cell viability. In a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, both types of agents likewise stimulated phosphorylation of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), another viability-promoting BCL2 family member. However, while MCL1 phosphorylation induced by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), did not affect its electrophoretic mobility, microtubule-damaging agents, such as taxol, induced MCL1 phosphorylation associated with a band shift to decreased mobility. Inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation blocked TPA-induced MCL1 phosphorylation but not the taxol-induced band shift. TPA-induced MCL1 phosphorylation occurred rapidly and was not associated with decreased viability, while the taxol-induced band shift occurred upon extended exposure as cells accumulated in G(2)/M followed by cell death. Protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitors also induced the MCL1 band shift/phosphorylation. Thus, MCL1 undergoes two distinct types of phosphorylation: (i) TPA-induced, ERK-associated phosphorylation, which does not alter the electrophoretic mobility of MCL1, and (ii) ERK-independent phosphorylation, which results in an MCL1 band shift and is induced by events in G(2)/M or protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitors.
Synthesis and radiolabeling of a somatostatin analog for multimodal imaging

A new multimodal imaging agent for imaging the somatostatin receptor has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A somatostatin analog, conjugated to both 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraaceticacid (DOTA) and cypate (BS-296), was synthesized entirely on the solid phase (Fmoc) and purified by RP-HPLC. DOTA was added as a ligand for radiometals such as 64 Cu or 177 Lu for either radio-imaging or radiotherapy respectively. Cytate, a cypatesomatostatin analog conjugate, has previously demonstrated the ability to visualize somatostatin receptor rich tumor xenografts and natural organs by optical imaging techniques. BS-296 exhibited low nanomolar inhibitory capacity toward the binding of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs in cell membranes enriched in the somatostatin receptor, demonstrating the high affinity of this multimodal imaging peptide and indicating its potential as a molecular imaging agent. 64 Cu, an isotope for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, was selected as the isotope for radiolabeling BS-296. BS-296 was radiolabeled with 64 Cu in high specific activity (200 μCi/μg) in 90% radiochemical yield. Addition of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid) prevented radiolysis of the sample, allowing for study of the 64 Cu -BS-296 the day following radiolabeling. Furthermore, inclusion of DMSO at a level of 20% was found not to interfere with radiolabeling yields and prevented the adherence of 64 Cu -BS-296 to the walls of the reaction vessel.