cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topology of 2D lattice gauge fields

Abstract A local topological charge density for two-dimensional (2d) U(1) lattice gauge field is defined. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of pure 2d U(1) lattice gauge theory is carried out and results are obtained for the topological susceptibility and the mean value of the topological charge density in units of the string tension in a θ vacuum. The dilute gas approximation appears to be very successful. Definitions of the topological charge not based on a local charge density, analogous to the ones used in MC studies of four-dimensional lattice gauge theories, are also considered and detailed comparisons are made. These non-local charges are found to have several undesirable features.
Effect of Bias on Estimates of the Circular Probable Error

Abstract Two estimates for the Circular Probable Error (CEP) are studied to determine their effectiveness when the aim point is shifted from the target center to another point. It is assumed that the distribution of points is bivariate circular normal, with mean value (or aim point) at (m 1, m 2) and variances σ x 2 = σ y 2 = σ2. Both estimates are unbiased and asymptotically efficient when the aim point is at (0, 0). When the aim point is shifted, only one of the estimates is unbiased, but it requires estimation of the coordinates of the shifted aim point. If the amount of shift is known to be small, or suspected of being so, this estimate may not be as good as the biased estimate, which is employed as though the mean were (0,0). In this study the precision of the estimates is determined as well as the transition bias which marks the point where one estimate becomes more effective than the other.
Further Studies on the Effect of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Elevations of Sinus Pressure on Mortality Rates Following Acute Coronary Occlusions

Observations were made on the mortality rates within the first hour following acute ligation of the circumflex artery. The experiments were divided into the following groups: (1) those with arteriovenous fistulas, (2) those with elevation of coronary sinus pressure, (3) those with complete coronary sinus occlusion, and (4) those with arterialization of the coronary sinus. There was a mortality of 70 per cent in the first group, 30 per cent in the second group, 40 per cent in the third group, and no deaths in the fourth group. The results indicate that arterialization of the coronary sinus provides the greatest protection against ventricular fibrillation and that such arterialization provides the only practical means of chronically elevating coronary sinus pressures to effective levels.
Anglicisms, neologisms and dynamic French

This comprehensive study of Anglicisms in the context of accelerated neological activity in Contemporary Metropolitan French not only provides detailed documentation and description of a fascinating topic, but opens up new vistas on issues of general linguistic interest: the effects of technology on language, the analyticity-syntheticity controversy, the lexical contribution to language vitality, the study of compound word formation, the interplay between cultural and linguistic affectivity. By investigating the dynamics of borrowing within the larger framework of general neological productivity and by bringing to bear cognitive and pragmatic considerations, a much-needed fresh approach to the entire question of Anglicisms takes shape. All pertinent phenomena regarding Anglicisms in French — a topic which continues to command the attention of language commentators and defenders in France and elsewhere — are explored: integral borrowings, semantic calques, structural calques, the generation of pseudo-Anglicisms and hybrids, graphological and phonological phenomena. In each case, the phenomenon is investigated in the proper context of its interaction with other pertinent neological, phonological and sociocultural developments. These include general changes in French compound word formation, modified derivational dynamics, the microsystem of pseudo-Classical morphology, historic phonological instabilities, the pressure for more synthetic types of lexical production in relation to the needs of technology and society. Rather than adhering rigidly to any single theoretical model, there is an attempt to set up a dialog between differing models in order to arrive at a multidimensional view of the phenomena investigated.
Further characterization of the G blood group system of rhesus monkeys.

Summary. We describe a new antiserum that has the unique ability to distinguish homozygous from heterozygous genotypes in the G blood group system of rhesus monkeys. With this new typing serum (reagent), all 10 possible genotypes in this system can be distinguished and the utility of blood typing for genetic studies has been greatly increased.
First-principles DFT + U studies of the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structure of α-MnO2 (cryptomelane)

Abstract Density functional theory DFT + U calculations are used to investigate α-MnO2, a structure containing a framework of corner and edge sharing MnO6 octahedra with tunnels in between. Placing K+ ions into the tunnels stabilizes α-MnO2 with respect to the rutile-structure β-MnO2 phase, in agreement with experiment. The computed magnetic structure has antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) Mn–Mn interactions between corner-sharing (edge-sharing) octahedra. Pure α-MnO2 is found to be a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 1.3 eV. Water and related hydrides (OH−; H3O+) can also be accommodated in the tunnels; the equilibrium K–O distance increases with increasing oxygen hydride charge.
Pilot study of positron emission tomography in patients with advanced head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Background. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a noninvasive modality for evaluating the biochemical processes of normal and pathologic tissue. Preliminary reports of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET indicate its potential usefulness in evaluating head and neck tumors. The current study was performed to explore the relationship between changes in tumor FDG metabolism and local control in patients receiving hyperfractionated radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. Methods. The study group consisted of six patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. FDG studies were performed prior to, during, and 24 months post-therapy. Ratios of tumor to nontumor FDG uptake in regions of interest (ROI) were compared. Results. All pretherapy studies demonstrated a focal hypermetabolic abnormality corresponding to the known tumor. The pretherapy tumor to nontumor FDG ratios declined significantly during therapy (p < 0.05) with a similar continued trend post-therapy (p < 0.07). Conclusion. The treatment-induced decrease in tumor hypermetabolism as seen on serial FDG PET parallels the clinical response in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Two-year follow-up scans also suggest that continued low tumor to nontumor ratios reflect eradication of local disease. Because of its high cost, a study of larger numbers of patients is necessary to better define the role of PET in the management of head and neck cancer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Membrane-coating granules and membrane modifications in keratinizing epithelia.

Membrane-coating granules are found in close association with the Golgi apparatus, and their apparent size, shape and internal substructure varies with the plane of section. After a membrane-coating granule is discharged into the intercellular space, it dissociates into distinct units, the pentalamellar discs, which are stacked like coins in the intact granule. Subsequently, discs become applied to and appear to fuse with the outer leaflets of the horny cell membranes, resulting in the formation of a nine-layered membrane-disc complex. When this complex cleaves at the junction of the thick dense lamella and distal lighter lamella of the disc, a pentalaminar horny-cell surface membrane results. The more common surface membrane, however, is trilaminar consisting of thickened inner leaflet, lighter middle leaflet, and thickened outer leaflet. The thickened outer leaflet may result from the addition of amorphous intercellular material derived from membrane-coating granules or from the fusion of two outer leaflets, as in the formation of a tight junction. The thickened inner leaflet results from the deposition of dense material onto the cytoplasmic face of the inner leaflet; there exists a regional variation in its dimensions. The side of the cell facing the surface of the epithelium has a thickened inner leaflet varying in width between 140 and 180 A, whereas the side facing the underlying cell is only about 100 A thick. Discs and amorphous material derived from membrane-coating granules coat and thicken the plasma membrane by modifying the outer leaflet, and thus may play a role in the barrier function of the stratum corneum.
Effctive nonadiabatic calculations on the ground state of the HD+ molecule

The nonadiabatic methodology, which is based on an effective elimination of the center-of-mass motion rather than explicit separation achieved by a coordinate transformation, is applied to the ground state of the HD+ molecule. The many-body nonadiabatic wave function is generated in terms of explicitly correlated Gaussian functions. The analytical first and second derivatives of the variational functional with respect to the Gaussian exponents are applied in conjunction with the Newton–Raphson optimization method to find the nonadiabatic energy and the ground–wave function. The numerical results are compared with conventional nonadiabatic calculations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unemployment, wage indexation and commercial policies☆

Abstract This paper shows the effects of wage indexation schemes in the presence of relative price variations. In particular, it is shown that indexation schemes which seem reasonable can nevertheless leave the level of employment vulnerable to terms of trade shocks. The indexation scheme which isokates the employment level from the effects of price variations is derived, and the effects of commercial policies in the presence of indexation are examined.
Band model for excitation transport in disordered solids

Abstract A model for band excitation transport in a substitutionally disordered tight-binding alloy is described and illustrated. The model enables one to obtain an approximate diffusion coefficient from the pure-crystal band structure and the CPA density of states.
The comparison of sensitivities of atmospheric echo-sounders

Abstract When comparing the sensitivities of atmospheric sounders, the entire system must be considered rather than just the physical phenomenon causing the scattered signal. A method is presented for the systematic comparison of the sensitivities of atmospheric sounders. The method is illustrated by three examples: the first involves the comparison of two microwave radars, the second the comparison of a microwave radar with an acoustic echo sounder, and the third the comparison of two continuous wave radars.
Child-abusing fathers.

Abstract Typical personality traits, psychodynamics and environmental influences are described in 8 child-abusing fathers. Paternal child abuse is usually acompanied by simultaneous abuse of the spouse and excessive drinking. A history of maternal deprivation and unresolved dependency on the spouse are key psychodynamic issues shared by this population. Based on the data presented, a rationale for psychiatric intervention and treatment of child-abusing fathers is suggested.
Differences in time use for mating and nepotistic effort as a function of male attractiveness in rural Belize

Abstract This paper explores whether physical attractiveness was a determinant of reproductive strategy in a sample of men living in rural Belize. A theoretical argument is presented to explain why differences in male physical attractiveness should lead to differences in strategy as evidenced by time-use, and why these differences should be especially apparent in nonindustrialized societies. Retrospective data were collected on men's time use during their last day off from work. The results were that more facially attractive men spent more time in mating effort and less time in nepotistic effort than less facially attractive men. Another component of physical attractiveness, fluctuating asymmetry, was not successful in predicting differences in time use. The results suggest that facially attractive men spend their leisure time seeking sexual access rather than spending it with kin, because their potential fitness returns are higher for this activity, whereas less attractive men receive higher returns to time spent with kin. This could be due directly to fitness returns to nepotism received by less attractive men, or because family involvement displays potential parental investment skills that are attractive to women. This may help build a reputation for reliability; in other words, time spent in nepotistic effort could be an alternative mating tactic that appeals to women's desire for a responsible paternally investing mate.
Trends of NAO and AO and their associations with stratospheric processes

Trends of NAO and AO are shown, along with trends of various stratospheric fields and dynamical processes, including geopotential height, temperature and zonal wind, as well as EP flux and its divergence, based upon 30 years (1968–1997) of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. Monthly trends are estimated by using linear regression. The NAO trends are similar to the AO trends in February and March, but different in other months, particularly in May and June. Comparing the variation by month of stratospheric trends with that of the NAO and AO index, we find that the largest trends of stratospheric fields and processes are in the same active season (JFM) as that in NAO and AO, but with the timing of peak of the trends somewhat different, the stratospheric trends leading the NAO and AO trends by one month. We also find a significant trend of equatorward refraction of mid-latitude planetary waves in January.
Availability of food resources, distribution of invasive species, and conservation of a Hawaiian bird along a gradient of elevation

Aim We evaluated how an elevation gradient affects: (1) the availability of food required by a specialist seed-eater, Loxioides bailleui Oustalet (Drepanidinae), or palila, and hence the distribution of this endangered Hawaiian bird, and (2) the distribution of alien threats to Loxioides populations, their primary foods, and their dry-forest habitat, and hence strategies for their conservation. Location We worked throughout the subalpine forest that encircles Mauna Kea Volcano, Hawai‘i Island, but we focused our studies mainly on the western slope between 2000 and 3000 m elevation, where the gradient of elevation was greatest and palila were most abundant. Methods We determined phenology and productivity patterns of the endemic dry-forest tree species, Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. (Fabaceae), or m amane, which provides Loxioides with most of their food, and another common endemic tree, Myoporum sandwicense A. Gray (Myoporaceae), or naio, which provides some resources, along a 786-m elevation gradient at monthly intervals for 10 years (Sophora only). We also determined the availability each month of moth larvae (Lepidoptera) for that were important in the diet of nestling and adult palila. In addition, we documented the incidence of parasitism on moth larvae by several wasp (Hymenoptera) and fly (Diptera) species, and we determined the distribution of predatory wasps and ants (Hymenoptera), which potentially threaten insect prey of birds. Percentage cover of alien grass species that pose fire threats in palila habitat and other weeds were assessed during one survey. Small mammal abundance and distribution were determined by trapping during three (rodent) or five (carnivore) surveys. Results Sophora flower and seed (pod) availability varied predictably along the elevation gradient, with about 4 months separating peaks in reproduction at high and low elevations. This, together with highly variable production of flowers and pods within elevation strata, resulted in Sophora resources being available to Loxioides throughout the year on the western slope of Mauna Kea. Sophora produced flowers and pods more seasonally where gradients of elevation were short; thus, resources were available less consistently. In contrast, Myoporum produced flowers and fruits with little variation with respect to season or elevation. The availability of important insect prey of Loxioides was also related to elevation, in part because threats to Lepidoptera larvae from parasitic wasps were generally less at higher elevations. Threats to insect prey from predatory ants was also less at higher elevations but the abundance of predatory wasps was not related to elevation. Several weeds that pose the most serious threats to Loxioides habitat were more abundant at mid and low elevations, and alien grass cover was somewhat greater at mid elevation, thereby increasing fire risks in the
MITOsym®: A Mechanistic, Mathematical Model of Hepatocellular Respiration and Bioenergetics

Purpose MITOsym, a new mathematical model of hepatocellular respiration and bioenergetics, has been developed in partnership with the DILIsym® model with the purpose of translating in vitro compound screening data into predictions of drug induced liver injury (DILI) risk for patients. The combined efforts of these two models should increase the efficiency of evaluating compounds in drug development in addition to enhancing patient care.
γ-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) deficiency in the GGTenu1 mouse results from a single point mutation that leads to a stop codon in the first coding exon of GGT mRNA

GGTenul, a recently described genetic murine model of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) deficiency, was induced by the point mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The phenotype of systemic GGT deficiency suggested a mutation site within the cDNA coding region which is common in all GGT transcripts. To identify this site, total lung and kidney RNA was isolated from normal and mutant mice, amplified by RT-PCR using GGT-specific primers, cloned as two overlapping approximately 1 kb GGT cDNA fragments, sequenced and compared with that in the literature. A single base pair substitution was identified in the coding region at position 237, where thymidine became adenine, and this mutation replaced a leucine codon, TTG, with a termination codon, TAG. This mutation site was confirmed in mutant genomic DNA by PCR using primers that flanked the predicted site and spanned the intron between the common GGT non-coding exon and the first GGT coding exon. This PCR product was sequenced directly with the secondary 3' PCR primer, the mutation site identified and the protocol then utilized to genotype animals. In addition to this mutation, the steady-state level of GGT mRNA in mutant kidney is reduced 3-fold compared with the control. Heterodimeric GGT protein is not detectable by western blot in either whole kidney homogenate or a microsomal membrane fraction. The steady-state mRNA level of gamma-glutatmyl cysteinyl synthetase was unchanged in mutant mice compared with normal, but that of heme oxygenase-1 and Cu,Zn-SOD was induced 4- and 3-fold, respectively. Hence, the GGTenul mouse model of GGT deficiency results from a single point mutation in the first coding exon of GGT mRNA and the resulting impairment in glutathione turnover induces oxidative stress in the kidney.
Assessing Double Counting of Carbon Emissions Between Forest Land-Cover Change and Forest Wildfires: A Case Study in the United States, 1992–2006

The relative contributions of double counting of carbon emissions between forest-to-nonforest cover change (FNCC) and forest wildfires are an unknown in estimating net forest carbon exchanges at large scales. This study employed land-cover change maps and forest fire data in the four representative states (Arkansas, California, Minnesota, and Washington) of the US for the period from 1992 to 2006 to evaluate forest carbon double counting effects based on land-cover change map, forest fire data, and USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data. The analyses were conducted at the county level and tallied to state level. Although the effects were small in the two eastern states because of small burned areas and low burn severity, substantial effects were found in the two western states. Carbon double counting was about 10 TgC (teragram 1012) in California and 6 TgC in Washington for the period 1992–2006 (at rates of 0.7 and 0.4 TgC per year), or 21.9 and 7.6% relative to total forest carbon emissions through FNCC in the two states, respectively. The effects were 0.2 and 0.1% in Arkansas and Minnesota, respectively. Variation in double counting effects within the states was also much higher in the western states compared with the eastern states. Our results suggested a general pattern that rates and amounts of double counting in forest carbon emissions between FNCC and fires were more evident and substantially different on a west–east dimension than that on a north–south dimension across the conterminous US during the study period.
Experimental demonstration of postnonlinearity compensation in a multispan DPSK transmission

We demonstrate significant performance improvement in 10-Gb/s multispan differential phase-shift keying transmissions by employing postnonlinearity compensation (PNC) for both dispersion-managed soliton and quasi-linear transmission. Measurements of timing misalignment tolerance as well as bandwidth requirement of the PNC unit show that the PNC technique is robust and practical, and can be easily extended to higher bit-rate transmissions.
Stacking resistance to crown gall and nematodes in walnut rootstocks

Crown gall (CG) (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and the root lesion nematodes (RLNs) (Pratylenchus vulnus) are major challenges faced by the California walnut industry, reducing productivity and increasing the cost of establishing and maintaining orchards. Current nematode control strategies include nematicides, crop rotation, and tolerant cultivars, but these methods have limits. Developing genetic resistance through novel approaches like RNA interference (RNAi) can address these problems. RNAi-mediated silencing of CG disease in walnut (Juglans regia L.) has been achieved previously. We sought to place both CG and nematode resistance into a single walnut rootstock genotype using co-transformation to stack the resistance genes. A. tumefaciens, carrying self-complimentary iaaM and ipt transgenes, and Agrobacterium rhizogenes, carrying a self-complimentary Pv010 gene from P. vulnus, were used as co-transformation vectors. RolABC genes were introduced by the resident T-DNA in the A. rhizogenes Ri-plasmid used as a vector for plant transformation. Pv010 and Pv194 (transgenic control) genes were also transferred separately using A. tumefaciens. To test for resistance, transformed walnut roots were challenged with P. vulnus and microshoots were challenged with a virulent strain of A. tumefaciens. Combining the two bacterial strains at a 1:1 rather than 1:3 ratio increased the co-transformation efficiency. Although complete immunity to nematode infection was not observed, transgenic lines yielded up to 79% fewer nematodes per root following in vitro co-culture than untransformed controls. Transgenic line 33-3-1 exhibited complete crown gall control and 32% fewer nematodes. The transgenic plants had thicker, longer roots than untransformed controls possibly due to insertion of rolABC genes. When the Pv010 gene was present in roots with or without rolABC genes there was partial or complete control of RLNs. Transformation using only one vector showed 100% control in some lines. CG and nematode resistance gene stacking controlled CG and RLNs simultaneously in walnuts. Silencing genes encoding iaaM, ipt, and Pv010 decrease CG formation and RLNs populations in walnut. Beneficial plant genotype and phenotype changes are caused by co-transformation using A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes strains. Viable resistance against root lesion nematodes in walnut plants may be accomplished in the future using this gene stacking technology.
Women's questions after postabortion insertion of intrauterine contraception.

Abstract Background Postabortion insertion of intrauterine contraception has the potential to decrease unintended pregnancy and repeat abortions, but little is known about how to ensure that women receive appropriate counseling about this method in this setting. The goal of this investigation was to document women's questions and to assess retention of information provided during contraceptive counseling after immediate postabortion intrauterine contraceptive placement. Study Design Women who received postabortion intrauterine contraceptives (IUCs) at an urban, hospital-based abortion clinic were surveyed 2–3 months postabortion to evaluate for expulsion, assess their concerns about IUC and evaluate retention of information provided during contraceptive counseling. Results Of 141 women contacted, 121 participated. Almost half of participants (46%) had responses to the question “Do you have any questions or concerns about your intrauterine device?” that fell into the following categories: spotting/bleeding (16%), cramping/pain (15%), string management (10%), expulsion concern (5%). Seventy percent reported less bleeding during menses than prior to IUC placement, and 37% had less cramping. Sixty-three percent were able to accurately report statistics regarding IUC efficacy, 56% recalled common side effects, and 42% remembered what to do if expulsion occurred. Conclusion Although IUCs are highly effective and their placement in the abortion setting is safe, women frequently have questions and do not recall critical counseling information about IUCs. In order to improve IUC continuation, techniques to improve both patient knowledge retention and anticipatory guidance should be studied further.
Hypertension in the young: epidemiology, sequelae and therapy

The first hint of a shift in the epidemiology of childhood hypertension was seen in a 2004 analysis [1] of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data in the United States (US) that demonstrated that overall blood pressure (BP) levels in US children and adolescents have increased over the past decade: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be 1.4 mmHg higher in 1999–2000 compared to 1988–1994 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found to be 3.3 mmHg higher. This increase in overall BP levels was more pronounced in non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children, particularly in girls. The difference for black children has previously been described [2], but prior studies had generally shown similar blood pressures for Mexican-American children compared to other ethnic groups [3]. While some of the increase in childhood BP levels was attributed to obesity, particularly among the Mexican-American children [1], much of it could not, implying that other, as yet unidentified, forces were at work among American children resulting in the increased BP levels. A more recent review of BP data in 8to 17-year-old children from the NHANES and other related populationbased studies conducted in the United States from 1963 to 2002 clearly demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of high BP in children (Figure 1) [4], countering earlier suggestions that the prevalence of childhood hypertension has remained stable over time [5]. A significant strength of this analysis was the application of current BP criteria for hypertension and pre-hypertension in childhood to all of the data in the various surveys included, thereby elim-
Performance analysis of HP AlphaServer ES80 vs. SAN-based clusters

The last decade has introduced various affordable computing platforms to the parallel computing community. Distributed shared-memory systems and clusters built with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) parts and interconnected with high-performance networks have proven to be serious alternatives to expensive supercomputers in terms of both performance and cost. HP's new AlphaServer ES80 is an example of distributed shared-memory systems, while SCI and Myrinet are the two most widely used high-performance interconnects in building parallel-computing clusters. In this study, we experimentally compare the performance of these parallel computer systems. The emphasis is pointing out the strengths and weakness of the HPs AlphaServer ES80 in comparison with high-performance SCI and Myrinet clusters. We evaluated the systems in terms of sustainable memory bandwidth, interprocess communication and overall parallel computation performance using various widely-accepted benchmarks such as STREAM, PALLAS PMB-MP1, and NAS2.3 parallel suite. It was observed that the HPs AlphaServer ES80, executing Linux, provides remarkable computing power while its communication subsystem cannot handle heavy loads of small messages as effectively.
Transformer design in the undergraduate power engineering laboratory

A power engineering laboratory experiment on transformer design is described. In the experiment the student design, builds, and tests a single-phase transformer to specifications provided by the instructor. From initial test results, the transformer is redesigned, and the new design is tested. Standard open and short-circuit tests are then performed to develop a circuit model for the transformer. The model is then used to predict the transformer's operation, and the predictions are compared with the values measured in the laboratory. >
Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons with metal-carbon multiple bonds and trapping of a titanium(II) intermediate.

Reacting (PNP)TiCHtBu(CH2tBu) with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) in cyclohexane or heptane results in dehydrogenation, cleanly producing cyclohexene and 1-heptene, respectively, and a TiII intermediate that is trapped by bipy to produce [(PNP)TiIII(CH2tBu)(bipy˙−)] (1). This titanium(II) intermediate reduces the bipy ligand upon coordination to form a TiIII center, where the unpaired electron is antiferromagnetically coupled to the electron of the reduced [bipy˙−] π-radical moiety, giving an overall diamagnetic species. Complex 1 has been characterized by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Antibody Titers by Mixed Agglutination to Varicella-Zoster, Herpes Simplex and Vaccinia Viruses in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Antibody titers to varicella-zoster (V-Z), herpes simplex (HSV) and vaccinia viruses were determined in sera collected in Buffalo, NY, from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with other diseases, and normal individuals. The mixed agglutination test employing cell cultures infected with one of the above viruses as a source of antigen was used to determine antibody titers. The geometric mean titer (GMT) for V-Z in 59 MS cases was significantly higher than that observed in patients with other diseases and in normal individuals. The GMT for vaccinia was also higher in MS patients but the difference was not as great as for V-Z. No difference was observed in the titer of antibodies for HSV. Similar results were obtained for 51 MS patients compared to healthy controls matched for sex and age. Higher antibody titers for V-Z and HSV were observed in cerebrospinal fluids from MS cases than in those from non-MS CNS patients in Baltimore, MD. Antibodies to V-Z, HSV and vaccinia were detected in washing fluids from brain homogenates of MS cases.
RF performance and process development of InP DHBTs using non-selective emitter regrowth

We report improvements in the growth and fabrication process of InP-based double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) utilizing non-selective molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) regrown base-emitter junctions. This regrown emitter process produces a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) structure with an emitter contact area much larger than the base-emitter junction, facilitating low emitter resistance even as deep submicron base-emitter junctions are used. In this report we present process development and regrowth surface preparation details relevant to emitter regrowth. improvements to the regrowth surface and its effect on large-area dc characteristics and small-area RF device results are presented.
Evolution of Luminescence from Doped Gallium Phosphide over 40 Years

The results of luminescence studies conducted on the same samples of GaP over a 40-year period are discussed. The results strongly imply that periodic ordering of impurities improved the overall optical and mechanical properties of the material over time. Forty years after preparation, “hot” luminescence spectra in gallium phosphide (GaP) are similar to those for nanocrystals. The aged pure and N-doped crystals exhibit stimulated emission at 300 K. The aged GaP:N:Sm at room temperature generates bright green or yellow and red tunable luminescence. These results correlate with Raman light scattering and microhardness data obtained from the same crystals.
Theories of Individuation: A Reconsideration of Bare Particulars

The metaphysical problem of individuation requires an answer to two different but intimately related questions: 1) How are we to characterize individuality ontologically? To what ontological category or logical type does individuality belong? 2) What sort of distinction is there between the individuality and nature of an individual, e.g., a real distinction, a modal distinction, a distinction of reason, or some other distinction My purpose in this article is to clarify a bare particular account of individuation and respond to objections that have been raised against bare particulars as individuators.
Coalescence on Supercritical Multi-type Branching Processes

Let \(\mathbf {Z}_{n}=(Z_{n}^{(1)},Z_{n}^{(2)},\cdots ,Z_{n}^{(d)})\) be a d-type (d < ∞) Galton-Watson branching process. For a positive integer k ≥ 2. Pick k individuals at random from the nth generation by simple random sampling without replacement. Trace their lines of descent backward in time till they meet. Let Xn,k be the generation number of the coalescence time of these k individuals of the nth generation. We call the common ancestor of these chosen individuals in the Xn,kth generation their last common ancestor. In this paper, the limit behaviors of the distributions of Xn,k, for any integer k ≥ 2, is studied for the supercritical cases. Also, we investigate the limit distribution of joint distribution of the generation number and the type of the last common ancestor of these randomly chosen individuals and their types in the supercritical case.
Analytic continuation of the Sudakov form-factor in QCD

We exhibit a solution to the evolution equation for the Sudakov form factor in QCD with massless quarks, which exponentiates infrared poles in dimensional continuation as well as logarithms of momentum transfer. We use this solution to construct an expression for the absolute value of the ratio of timelike to spacelike form factors, in which the infrared finiteness of the ratio is manifest. Finally, we compare this result to explicit calculations of the form factor available in the literature. Most of the large two-loop corrections to the absolute value of the ratio come from the exponentiation of one-loop corrections, including the effect of the running coupling.
Can controlled bow hunts reduce overabundant white-tailed deer populations in suburban ecosystems?

a b s t r a c t In the northern suburbs of NYC, land managers have begun implementing bow-only hunts to reduce overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds in an effort to promote forest regeneration. However, there have been no attempts to model the impact of bow hunting on deer population growth. Using harvest statistics from the Mianus River Gorge Preserve in Westchester County, NY we simulated the impact of bow hunting on a population of female deer exhibiting density-dependent growth and explored a range of carrying capacities, immigration rates, and harvest intensities. Simulated bow hunting (adult harvest ≥ 1.8 females km
Redistribution of the CDK Inhibitor p27 between Different Cyclin CDK Complexes in the Mouse Fibroblast Cell Cycle and in Cells Arrested with Lovastatin or Ultraviolet Irradiation.

Abstract The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27 binds and inhibits the kinase activity of several CDKs. Here we report an analysis of the behavior and partners of p27 in Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts during normal mitotic cell cycle progression, as well as in cells arrested at different stages in the cycle by growth factor deprivation, lovastatin treatment, or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. We found that the level of p27 is elevated in cells arrested in G0 by growth factor deprivation or contact inhibition. In G0, p27 was predominantly monomeric, although some portion was associated with residual cyclin A.Cdk2. During G1, all of p27 was associated with cyclin D1.Cdk4 and was then redistributed to cyclin A.Cdk2 as cells entered S phase. The loss of the monomeric p27 pool as cyclins accumulate in G1 is consistent with the in vivo and in vitro data showing that p27 binds better to cyclin.CDK complexes than to monomeric CDKs. In growing cells, the majority of p27 was associated with cyclin D1 and the level of p27 was significantly lower than the level of cyclin D1. In cells arrested in G1 with lovastatin, cyclin D1 was degraded and p27 was redistributed to cyclin A.Cdk2. In contrast to p21 (which is a p27-related CDK inhibitor and is induced by UV irradiation), the level of p27 was reduced after UV irradiation, but because cyclin D1 was degraded more rapidly than p27, there was a transient increase in binding of p27 to cyclin A.Cdk2. These data suggest that cyclin D1.Cdk4 acts as a reservoir for p27, and p27 is redistributed from cyclin D1.Cdk4 to cyclin A.Cdk2 complexes during S phase, or when cells are arrested by growth factor deprivation, lovastatin treatment, or UV irradiation. It is likely that a similar principle of redistribution of p27 is used by the cell in other instances of cell cycle arrest.
Fulminant hepatitis due to human adenovirus

To describe the demographics, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of patients with human adenovirus (HAdV) hepatitis. A case of fulminant HAdV hepatitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia receiving rituximab and fludarabine is described. We conducted a comprehensive review of the English-language literature through May, 2012 in search of definite cases of HAdV hepatitis. Eighty-nine cases were reviewed. Forty-three (48 %) were liver transplant recipients, 19 (21 %) were bone marrow transplant recipients, 11 (12 %) had received chemotherapy, five (6 %) had severe combined immunodeficiency, four (4 %) were HIV infected, two had heart transplantation, and two were kidney transplant recipients. Ninety percent (46/51) of patients presented within 6 months following transplantation. Fever was the most common initial symptom. Abdominal CT scan revealed hypodense lesions in eight of nine patients. Diagnosis was made by liver biopsy in 43 (48 %), and on autopsy in 46 (52 %). The HAdV was isolated at other sites in 54 cases. Only 24 of 89 patients (27 %) survived: 16 whose immunosuppression was reduced, six with liver re-transplantation, and two who received cidofovir and intravenous immunoglobulin. HAdV hepatitis can manifest as a fulminant illness in immunocompromised hosts. Definitive diagnosis requires liver biopsy. Early consideration of a viral etiology, reduction in immunosuppression, and liver transplantation can be potentially life-saving.
Magnetodynamic Processes Involved In Wound Healing

The traumatized region in a biological wound differs biochemically from the uninjured tissue surrounding the wound. This chemical difference produces a potential difference which drives an electric injury current laterally along the septal wall demarking the traumatized from the uninjured tissue. The injury current by Ampere’s law corresponds to a magnetic field. The injury current in diametrically opposite septa of the wound are in the same direction
Global Capital, National Development and Transnational Environmental Activism: Conflict and the Three Gorges Dam

This article uses the controversy over China's Three Gorges Dam to examine the interaction between the Chinese state and transnational civil society that has unfolded in the glo- bal arena. It uses the human rights disputes and the emergent Chinese ''hydropower discourse'' to explore the global politics of the dam. The conflict flared up in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The increasing interconnectedness of the world enabled the Three Gorges technocrats to solicit global capital for the project. Transnational activists, however, mobilised opposition to the dam through public opinion forums, including the Internet, and cross-border networking to seek to constrain the Chinese government's agenda. They also championed principles of environmental protection and human rights as a challenge to the investment policies of multinational corpora- tions. But the Chinese developmentalists insisted on a particularist interpretation of people's rights. Furthermore, dam advocates turned the tables on the opponents by appropriating the en- vironmental principle of sustainability and forming a new ''hydropower discourse.'' The struggle illuminates the complex interplay of socio-political forces embedded in the global-national-local nexus of exchange. The paper addresses the tension between developmentalism and environment- alism, particular interests and universal values, and national sovereignty and global activism.
The Need for Better Data to Support Crime Control Policy

On the one hand, the importance of evaluation findings for crime control policy now appears to be well understood. On the other hand, the contribution of evaluative data to those findings and to that policy seems much less well established. This paper examines some of the weaknesses of the data base presently available for evaluation in the criminal justice area and relates the quality of evaluation findings to the quality of that data support. A case study (the national-level evaluation of the High-Impact Anti-Crime Program) serves to illustrate the points made and to develop recommendations for new efforts needed in this area.
Machiavellianism Effect on Accounting Ethics Training Programs

This study investigates whether the outcome of an accounting ethics training program is affected by the participants' Machiavellian scores. Further, it is investigated whether the Machiavellian effect is moderated by gender and superior pressure. The test results indicated that low Machiavellians choose ethical actions more often than high Machiavellians do. Also, it is found that males with low Machiavellian scores respond more positively to the training than females with low Machiavellian scores do. The interactive effect of superior pressure was found insignificant.
Visual Attention in Dogs and the Evolution of Non-Verbal Communication

The common history of Homo sapiens and Canis lupus familiaris dates back to between 11,000 and 32,000 years ago, when some wolves (Canis lupus) started living closely with humans. Although we cannot reach back into the past to measure the relative roles of wolves and humans in the ensuing domestication process, it was perhaps the first involving humans and another animal species. Yet its consequences for both species’ history are not completely understood. One of the puzzling aspects yet to be understood about the human–dog dyad is how dogs so readily engage in communication in the context of a social interactions with humans. To be sensitive to the meaning of human speech and gestures, dogs need to attend to various visual and vocal cues, in order to reconstruct the messages from patterns of human behavior that remain stable over time, while also generalizing to unfamiliar, novel contexts. This chapter will discuss this topic in light of some of the recent findings about dogs’ perceptual capacities for social cues. We describe some of the new technologies that are being used to better describe these perceptual processes, and present the results of a preliminary experiment using a portable eye-tracking system to gather data about dogs’ visual attention in a social interaction with humans, ending with a discussion of the possible cognitive mechanisms underlying dogs’ use of human social cues.
Developing Confidence and Skill as a Presenter

This chapter guides the reader in a self-evaluation of strengths as a presenter, ways to make the session more engaging for participants, and fielding difficult questions—all elements in developing skill as a presenter.
9.2 A scalable 0.1-to-1.7GHz spatio-spectral-filtering 4-element MIMO receiver array with spatial notch suppression enabling digital beamforming

Multiple-antenna receivers offer numerous advantages over single-antenna receivers, including sensitivity improvement, ability to reject interferers spatially and enhancement of data-rate or link reliability via MIMO. In the recent past, RF/analog phased-array receivers have been investigated [1–4]. On the other hand, digital beamforming offers far greater flexibility, including ability to form multiple simultaneous beams, ease of digital array calibration and support for MIMO. However, ADC dynamic range is challenged due to the absence of spatial interference rejection at RF/analog.
Abstract T P403: Permanent Ventricular Shunting In Subarachnoid Hemorrhage And Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients Requiring Temporary Ventriculostomy

Background and Purpose: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) frequently lead to obstructive and/or communicating hydrocephalus. A permanent ventricular shunt is required in cases with failure to wean ventriculostomy. Large-scale studies comparing rates of ventricular shunting after SAH and ICH are lacking. Therefore, we studied the rates of shunting among SAH and ICH requiring ventriculostomy. Methods: We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a 20% sample of non-federal hospitalizations in US from 2002 to 2011 to select adults with ICH (ICD-9 code 431) and SAH (430) undergoing ventriculostomy (02.2, 02.21). We excluded patients surviving Results: 23,541 cases with ICH (median age 59 y) and 31,883 cases with SAH (median age 56 y) were included. Unadjusted shunting rate was higher in SAH compared to ICH (19.9% vs 11.4%, P Conclusions: SAH compared to ICH has higher rates of failure to wean ventriculostomy requiring permanent ventricular shunting. Increasing trend in shunt utilization after SAH is co-incident with increase in aneurysm coiling during recent years.
Oita International Electrocardiology Symposium 2000 “Electrophysiology and Management of Lethal Arrhythmias in the New Millennium: From Genes to Bedside”

“Life must be lived forward, butunderstood backward.” KierkegaardFor the pat 50 years, I have been an active witness to the scientific developments defining our knowledge of cardiac arrhythmias. This era spans a time period from the formulation of ionic theory of membrane excitation by Hodgkin and Huxley (Nobel prize, 1963) to the understanding of the relation between structure and function of single channels (Nobel prize to Neher and Sakmann, 1991) . From practical point of view, I would like to break down my presentation into 3 parts, the first dealing with successes, the second with failures, and the third, a brief venture into future promises.
Technology and Organizations/Organizations and Communication Technology

This article presents a review of two books, “Technology and Organizations,” by Paul S. Goodman and Lee S. Sproull and “Organizations and Communication Technology,” edited by Janet Fulk and Charles Steinfield.