cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relative efficiency of fecal versus regurgitated samples for assessing diet and the deleterious effects of a tartar emetic on migratory birds

We describe the deleterious effects of using an antimony potassium tartrate emetic to obtain diet samples from birds, and compare information obtained from regurgitated samples versus fecal samples in describing diets of autumn migrants. We also examined dose effectiveness in captive Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) subjected to the same emetic technique used in the field. Over 70% of migrants given an emetic at a study site in Idaho regurgitated useful samples. For 5 of 7 species analyzed, regurgitated samples produced significantly more arthropods per sample than fecal samples, and one species, Warbling Vireo, showed higher numbers of distinct arthropod taxa per sample. In most species, regurgitated samples accumulated arthropod taxa more quickly than fecal samples. However, increasing the number of fecal samples by 5-17 produced a similar number of taxa. Diet composition based on fecal versus regurgitated samples was generally similar, but there were significant differences. Two of 130 treated migrants died soon after treatment. Recapture frequency for treated birds was less than half that for untreated birds, but it is not clear whether this difference was due to treatment-related mortality or emigration. Each treated bird that we recaptured had lost mass and this suggests a deleterious effect because untreated migrants tended to gain mass. In captivity, 18 Dark-eyed Juncos were treated with emetic: 6 with the full mass-specific recommended dose, 6 with half the recommended dose, and the final 6 with one quarter the recommended dose. All were alive 15-20 min posttreatment (recommended release time), but 17 of 18 died within 30 min after receiving the emetic. Together, our data suggest that although the emetic technique may be slightly more information-rich in assessing diet, it is more harmful than previously reported especially in certain species and should be used only after adequate consideration of the immediate mortality and short-term physiological effects on birds to be studied.
Design of Real‐Time Systems

Real-time computer systems are characterized by the existence of timing constraints as well as logical correctness requirements on computations they carry out. The timing constraints are statically determined prior to system operation time from the characteristics of physical systems they interact with. In hard real-time systems, a timing failure is considered catastrophic and a guarantee should be given prior to runtime that every timing constraint will be satisfied throughout the system operation time. Examples are found in application domains such as avionics, process control, automated manufacturing, and robotics. In this article, the issues and approaches on real-time system design addressed in the uniprocessor environment. In addition to the timing constraints, the characteristics and arrival patterns of real-time tasks should be known ahead of system operation time. This information must be used in system design time to guarantee that all the timing constraints will be satisfied. These article is organized as follows. In the next section the real-time scheduling problem to be studied in this article is formally defined. We tried to come up with a problem definition that is as general as possible in terms of the types of constraints and requirements that may be specified. Then priority/time-based scheduling mechanisms are briefly explained and compared in terms of their capability to satisfy various system requirements. Fixed-priority based scheduling scheme is presented mainly because it has been widely studied and adopted in many real-time systems, and because similar results are available for other priority based scheduling schemes such as the earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling algorithm. Then dynamic time-based scheduling scheme is briefly summarized. A conclusion of the article follows. Keywords: problem; real-time; fixed priority-based scheduling; time-based scheduling; comparisons; dynamic time-based scheduling; hard real-time systems
A new perspective for nutrition: the health connection

The science of nutrition has undergone a major transformation in its objectives and approaches because of the influence of new understanding in epidemiology of oral diseases in technically developed countries, as well as in developing countries with different environmental circumstances. Recent findings of biochemical, immunological, and molecular biology investigations related to oral tissues have also added a new health dimension to this understanding. The major challenge ahead is not only to continue to expand the available scientific information, but to recognize the role that nutrition has for oral tissues, which is no different than the one it has for other tissues and organ systems. Investigators in other fields have been incorporating these new concepts about nutrition in the planning of their research during the past decade, but this emphasis has been lacking in dental research and this needs to be corrected. Still, we have one more challenge ahead, and that is to transfer to the general public the information generated by research in our laboratories and clinics in a prudent and effective way. This will ensure that consumers will take advantage of nutrition information alongside oral health concepts to maintain good general health while preventing and controlling oral diseases. There is much work ahead to be done, but the following papers have already started to set up research guidelines for the future.
Multiplicity reactivation of human cytomegalovirus inactivated by ultra-violet light.

SummaryThe sensitivity to inactivation by ultra-violet light (U.V.) of two strains (AD-169, C-87) of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined and compared with the relative sensitivities of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2. The survival curves were multicomponent. The inactivation rates from the first component indicate that CMV (D37 dose t200 ergs/mm2) is more resistant to U.V.-inactivation than either HSV-1 or HSV-2 (D37 dose ∼90 ergs/mm2). Multiplicity reactivation (MR) could be clearly demonstrated for U.V.-irradiated CMV. MR occurred at multiplicities of infection (MOI) corresponding to 0·003 plaque-forming units (PFU) per cell of unirradiated virus. In contrast, MR for HSV was not pronounced at an MOI corresponding to 1·0 PFU per cell. These data suggest that defective particles of CMV, incapable of plaque formation before U.V.-irradiation, participate in the genetic interactions which are responsible for the MR observed.
Hydrous Phases and Hydrogen Bonding at High Pressure

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. It is the third most abundant element on the surface of the planet. Studies and interpretation of the spectroscopic properties of hydrogen, and those of its isotopes, have been intertwined with the development of experimental and theoretical physics and chemistry. It is now realized that hydrogen forms more chemical compounds than any other element, including carbon, and a survey of its chemistry would encompass the whole periodic table. In mineralogy hydrogen is also ubiquitous. The range of minerals capable of hosting hydrogen range from ice to nominally anhydrous silicate phases implicated in water storage in the mantle. The later observation has led to proposals of hydrogen content equivalent to several oceans in Earth’s deep interior and has provided new impetus for the study of hydrogen and its role in stabilizing high-pressure hydrous phases. This chapter will largely deal with this issue and will concentrate on the structures of high-pressure phases that are potential hosts for water, the properties of these materials, and the hydrogen bond in these and model systems. The properties of many substances suggest that, in addition to the normal “strong” interactions attributed to chemical bonding between atoms and ions, there exists some further interaction (10–60 kJ per mole) involving a hydrogen atom placed between two or more other groups of atoms. The definition of this interaction, the hydrogen bond, and its history is well described in chapter one of Jeffrey’s (1997) book. The concept is introduced in Pauling (1939; Nature of the Chemical Bond ): “Under certain conditions an atom of hydrogen is attracted by rather strong forces to two atoms instead of only one, so that it may be considered to be acting as a bond between them. This is called a hydrogen bond.” He …
Ablative therapy in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias.

Ablative therapy for treatment of tachyarrhythmias has developed rapidly in recent years due to an increased understanding of electrophysiologic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and improved modalities of destroying or isolating arrhythmogenic tissue. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is currently the most frequently performed type of ablative therapy. Less commonly, surgical procedures are performed to eradicate arrhythmogenic tissue. As more clinical experience is gained with these technologies for arrhythmia eradication, ablative therapy for treatment of tachyarrhythmias will continue to evolve.
Giant hub Src and Syk tyrosine kinase thermodynamic profiles recapitulate evolution

Abstract Thermodynamic scaling theory, previously applied mainly to small proteins, here analyzes quantitative evolution of the titled functional network giant hub enzymes. The broad domain structure identified homologically is confirmed hydropathically using amino acid sequences only. The most surprising results concern the evolution of the tyrosine kinase globular surface roughness from avians to mammals, which is first order, compared to the evolution within mammals from rodents to humans, which is second order. The mystery of the unique amide terminal region of proto oncogene tyrosine protein kinase is resolved by the discovery there of a rare hydroneutral septad targeting cluster, which is paralleled by an equally rare octad catalytic cluster in tyrosine kinase in humans and a few other species (cat and dog). These results, which go far towards explaining why these proteins are among the largest giant hubs in protein interaction networks, use no adjustable parameters.
Integration of Basic and Clinical Science in the Psychiatry Clerkship

Integration of basic and clinical science is a key component of medical education reform, yet best practices have not been identified. The authors compared two methods of basic and clinical science integration in the psychiatry clerkship. Two interventions aimed at integrating basic and clinical science were implemented and compared in a dementia conference: flipped curriculum and coteaching by clinician and physician-scientist. The authors surveyed students following each intervention. Likert-scale responses were compared. Participants in both groups responded favorably to the integration format and would recommend integration be implemented elsewhere in the curriculum. Survey response rates differed significantly between the groups and student engagement with the flipped curriculum video was limited. Flipped curriculum and co-teaching by clinician and physician-scientist are two methods of integrating basic and clinical science in the psychiatry clerkship. Student learning preferences may influence engagement with a particular teaching format.
On Asymptotic Cost of Triangle Listing in Random Graphs

Triangle listing has been a long-standing problem, with many heuristics, bounds, and experimental results, but not much asymptotically accurate complexity analysis. To address this issue, we introduce a novel stochastic framework, based on Glivenko-Cantelli results for functions of order statistics, that allows modeling cost of in-memory triangle enumeration in families of random graphs. Unlike prior work that usually studies the O(.) notation, we derive the exact limits of CPU complexity of all vertex/edge iterators under arbitrary acyclic orientations as graph size n → ∞. These results are obtained in simple closed form as functions of the degree distribution. This allows us to establish optimal orientations for all studied algorithms, compare them to each other, and discover the best technique within each class.
Loss of abdominal domain: Is it the abdominal wall or contents?:

BackgroundIntra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome are significant sources of morbidity and mortality in the post-surgical and trauma patient. Several anatomic variables may contribute to the inability to close the abdomen such as retraction of the abdominal wall and intra-abdominal volume changes. This study seeks to quantify these changes and determined which predominates.MethodsRetrospective analysis of computed tomography scans of patients whose abdomens could not be closed secondary to intra-abdominal hypertension. Patients were included who had computed tomography scans available with both an open abdomen and after primary abdominal wall closure. Abdominal wall lengths along with total abdominal, intra-peritoneal, and retroperitoneal cross-sectional areas were measured at two anatomic levels.ResultsSeven patients’ computed tomography scans were evaluated. The closed abdominal wall lengths averaged 2.3 cm and 2.1 cm longer after closure at each point of measurement (p = 0.002 a...
Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Radical Prostatectomy

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) can be regarded as the latest progression in laparoscopic surgery and has garnered much enthusiasm. LESS is evolving, and robotic assistance and other technical developments may well lead to its further advancement. Early clinical experiences with LESS have pointed out several limitations related to technical constraints, including lack of triangulation, clashing of instruments, and limited operating space. To help overcome these limitations, the da Vinci surgical system has been applied to LESS and termed robotic LESS (R-LESS) (Desai et al., BJU Int 102:1666–1669, 2008; Kaouk et al., BJU Int 103:366–369, 2009; Barret et al., J Endourol 23:135–140, 2009; Kaouk and Goel, Eur Urol 55:1163–1170, 2009; Stein et al., Eur Urol 57:132–137, 2010; Barret et al., Int Braz J Urol, 2009).
Understanding design scales for a range of potential green infrastructure benefits in a London Garden City

It has been proposed that increasing the amount of foliage, trees and soft landscaping in our cities could prove useful environmentally, economically and socially. Benefits of greener urban environ...
Association between preoperative peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles, early postoperative organ function recovery potential and long-term survival in advanced heart failure patients undergoing mechanical circulatory support.

Background Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome contributes to adverse outcomes in advanced heart failure (AdHF) patients after mechanical circulatory support (MCS) implantation and is associated with aberrant leukocyte activity. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression profiles (GEP) can predict early postoperative improvement or non-improvement in patients undergoing MCS implantation. We believe this information may be useful in developing prognostic biomarkers. Methods & design We conducted a study with 29 patients undergoing MCS-surgery in a tertiary academic medical center from 2012 to 2014. PBMC samples were collected one day before surgery (day -1). Clinical data was collected on day -1 and day 8 postoperatively. Patients were classified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Model of End-stage Liver Disease Except INR score (measured eight days after surgery): Group I = improving (both scores improved from day -1 to day 8, n = 17) and Group II = not improving (either one or both scores did not improve from day -1 to day 8, n = 12). RNA-sequencing was performed on purified mRNA and analyzed using Next Generation Sequencing Strand. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Mann-Whitney test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Preoperative DEGs were used to construct a support vector machine algorithm to predict Group I vs. Group II membership. Results Out of 28 MCS-surgery patients alive 8 days postoperatively, one-year survival was 88% in Group I and 27% in Group II. We identified 28 preoperative DEGs between Group I and II, with an average 93% prediction accuracy. Out of 105 DEGs identified preoperatively between year 1 survivors and non-survivors, 12 genes overlapped with the 28 predictive genes. Conclusions In AdHF patients following MCS implantation, preoperative PBMC-GEP predicts early changes in organ function scores and correlates with long-term outcomes. Therefore, gene expression lends itself to outcome prediction and warrants further studies in larger longitudinal cohorts.
Consequences of the 48-h rule: A lens into the psychiatric patient flow through an emergency department.

Abstract Objective Psychiatric patient boarding in emergency department (ED) is a severe and growing problem. In July 2013, Minnesota implemented a law requiring jailed persons committed to state psychiatric facilities be transferred within 48-h of commitment. This study aims to quantify the effect of this law on a large ED's psychiatric patient flow. Methods A pre- and post- comparison of 2011–2015 ED length of stay (LOS) for adult psychiatric patients was performed using electronic medical record data. Comparisons of the median LOS were assessed using a segmented regression model with time series error, and risk differences (RD) were used to determine changes in the proportion of patients with LOS ≥3 and ≥5 days. Changes in patient disposition proportions were assessed using risk ratios. Results The median ED LOS for patients admitted for psychiatric care increased by 5.22 h from 2011 to 2015 (95% CI: (4.33, 7.15)), while the frequency of patient encounters remained constant. Although no significant difference in the rate of ED LOS increase was found pre- and post- implementation, the proportion of adults with LOS ≥3 days and ≥15 days increased (RD 0.017 (95% CI: (0.013, 0.021)); 0.002 (95% CI: (0.001,0.004)), respectively). Conclusions The proportion of ED adult psychiatric patients experiencing prolonged LOS increased following the implementation of a statewide law requiring patients committed through the criminal justice system be transferred to a state psychiatric hospital within 48 h. Identifying characteristics of subsets of psychiatric patients disproportionally affected could suggest focused healthcare system improvements to improve ED psychiatric care.
Riding the Train

I am also looking for "J." The word is there: jewelry. I want to tell the girl, point to the thrift store's window sign. She wants to skip "J" for "K" to forget all about "J," about jealousy, about jewelry, about joie de vivre, about jilting. The girl wants to find "K." Knowledge is the first word to mind. The girl gives up. Though thought has taken hold of her and for the rest of her life she will search for "K" or "L" or go back to looking for "J."
A Bird’s-Eye View of Twilight Combinatorics

Ordinary combinatorics deals with finite sets of numbers (nonnegative integers) and with finite collections of objects which can be coded by numbers. Many principles of ordinary combinatorics, e.g., the sum rule, the product rule, the inclusion-exclusion principle and the pigeonhole principle, have natural generalizations to isolated sets. We shall examine some of these generalizations and illustrate their use.
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Ordering in Epitaxial III–V Alloys

The X-ray diffraction investigation of atomic ordering and lateral composition modulation is discussed. An overview of X-ray diffraction theory is given so that the reader can appreciate the results, potential, and challenges of the technique. Quantitative analysis of long-and short-range order parameters, lateral composition modulation, and ordered domain structure, including experimental results, are discussed.
Complex cobordism theory for number theorists

The purpose of this paper is to give the algebraic topological background for elliptic cohomology theory and to pose some number theoretic problems suggested by these concepts. Algebraic topologists study functors from the category of spaces to various algebraic categories. In particular there are functors to the category of graded rings called multiplicative generalized cohomology theories. (All rings are assumed to be commutative and unital. Graded rings are commutative subject to the usual sign conventions, i.e., odd-dimensional elements anticommute with each other.) These functors satisfy all of the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms but the dimension axiom. In other words they have the same formal properties as ordinary cohomology except that the cohomology of a point may be more complicated. For a discussion of these axioms the interested reader should consult [S] or [ES]; for generalized cohomology theories a good reference is Part III of [A1]. Among these cohomology theories the following examples are mentioned elsewhere in this volume:
Critical Theory: Frankfurt School

Although myriad in its forms, ‘critical theory’ (or more generally critical social inquiry) has a distinctive purpose and overall structure. Critical social theorists generally aim at constructing social theories that link explanation and criticism and thus have both normative and explanatory features. Furthermore, such theories must also be ‘practical,’ in the specific sense that they are oriented to human emancipation. As such, the best such works employ a variety of methods and styles of explanation and are often interdisciplinary in their mode of research. While thus methodologically and theoretically pluralistic in orientation, critical theorists provide two general answers to the question of what makes a form of social inquiry or a theory critical. The first is that it employs a distinctive comprehensive theory that unifies such diverse approaches and explanations and underwrites the epistemic authority of the critic. The second is practical. According to this view, such theories are distinguished by the form of politics in which they are embedded and which also provides the method for practical verification. On a practical account, critical inquiry aims at creating the reflective conditions necessary for its own public and practical verification. As new forms of critical theory emerge related to racism, sexism and colonialism, reflective social agents test and transform even democratic ideals and practices in the interest of increasing human freedom and emancipation.
K-theory of coherent rings

We show that some basic results on the K-theory of noetherian rings can be extended to coherent rings.
The Mission of Menasseh Ben Israel and Cromwell’s Western Design

Well aware of the success of Amsterdam sustaining the European sugar market, the English under Cromwell hoped to attract Sephardic merchants to conduct their colonial trade. As he designed a plan for westward expansion in the Caribbean, Cromwell consulted his advisors on contacts with and expertise of Sephardic Jews in trade with Spanish territories. In Amsterdam, in the meantime, Menasseh ben Israel and the leadership of the Sephardic community considered the opportunity for readmission of Jews to England. A conference was held at Whitehall in December 1655 which resulted in a policy of granting residency and trade privileges to Jews in London and the colonies. A network analysis based on genealogical date sources established that the Sephardic community extended from Brazil to Barbados and connected with Amsterdam and London.
Trends in the Orthopaedic Surgery Subspecialty Fellowship Match: Assessment of 2010 to 2017 Applicant and Program Data.

Background:Orthopaedic surgery has become increasingly specialized, and most trainees currently complete subspecialty fellowship training. The purposes of this investigation were to evaluate recent trends in U.S. orthopaedic fellowship matches and to provide relevant analyses for future orthopaedic
Local Area Networks

When designing a local area network (LAN), establishing performance characteristics of the network before putting it into use is of paramount importance; it gives the designer the freedom and flexibility to adjust various parameters of the network in the planning rather than the operational phase. However, it is hard to predict the performance of the LAN unless a detailed analysis of a similar network is available. Information on a similar network is generally hard to come by so that performance modeling of the LAN must be carried out.
Friction detection from stationary steering manoeuvres

The friction coefficient between the tyres of a vehicle and the roadway is one of the most critical parameters governing a vehicle's motion. However, most techniques for identifying road friction f...
Does the Incidence of Treatment-Related Toxicity Plateau After Radiation Therapy: The Long-Term Impact of Integral Dose in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors.

Abstract Background Conventional radiation therapy (RT) has produced unprecedented cure rates in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) but exposed large volumes of nontargeted tissue to radiation (integral dose). Objective Our goal was to report the effects of integral radiation dose on health outcomes in patients with at least 20 years of potential follow-up time. Methods and Materials We reviewed the medical records of 365 patients who were treated with RT for HL between 1965 and 1995. All patients were confirmed to have received primary RT with curative intent at our institution for de novo HL. Serious adverse events were classified as HL progression or death, grade ≥3 treatment- or staging-related acute or late effects, second malignancies, or cardiovascular events. Results The minimum potential follow-up time was 20 years, and the actual median follow-up time 22 years (range, Conclusions With increased survivorship, the long-term impact of the integral radiation dose may result in clinically significant adverse events, which suggests the importance of surveillance and affirms advances in both chemotherapy and RT that minimize the integral dose in future patients with HL.
An Overview of Radomes for Large Ground-Based Antennas

This tutorial provides an overview of RF-transparent protective enclosures or “radomes” for ground-based antennas. In addition to electromagnetic behavior, structural and environmental considerations are highlighted which are important in large antenna installations such as those for satellite communication and deep space radar applications. Different radome types such as metal space frame, inflatable, and sandwich are contrasted with emphasis on the tradeoffs they entail for the antenna system.
Introduction to Part I: What Is Energy as Strategy?

Strategy is the art of achieving advantage in the face of uncertainties and constrained by limited resources. Money is a limited resource, mediating the exchange for goods and services. Energy is a limited resource that humanity has consumed for its entire history, as animal power, fire, wind, fossil fuels, and so on. Carbon is becoming a global constraint as an externality from our fossil-fuel-based economy. Energy as Strategy is a new discipline that creates strategic competitive advantages at the nexus of constraints between energy, carbon, and money. Because of their interrelated nature, the strategies, risks, and opportunities of each resource affect those of the others. Part I explores these nexuses in five chapters.
Chico-to-Cairo: An Analysis of International Virtual Discussions of Terrorism

Whether focusing on the readings included in a syllabus, the learning activities that expose students to other perspectives, or physical travel to a foreign locale, political science classes face the pedagogical obstacle and opportunity of conveying the different political perspectives held diverse groups and states. This article builds on prior calls for internationalizing the classroom and develops a videoconference discussion of terrorism between students in Chico, California and Cairo, Egypt. Surveys reveal that students who attended the conference reported an increased confidence in their knowledge of terrorism as well as a deeper appreciation of international perspectives on terrorism. Based on this study, I argue for the creation of a more formal networking opportunities between US-based and foreign-based instructors in order to facilitate the availability of low-cost, international experiences as part of a more inclusive, internationalized classroom.
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Does Not Correlate with Levels of Inflammation or Angiogenesis in a Stable Post Transplant Population

Purpose Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) has recently been introduced as a novel marker of acute cellular and antibody mediated rejection. We hypothesized that levels of dd-cfDNA would correlate with markers of chronic inflammation and angiogenesis in a stable post-transplant population. Methods 65 heart transplant recipients who were 8.5±5.4 years post transplant were enrolled at routine clinic visits. Exclusion criteria for the study were episodes of rejection within 6 months or recent infection. Peripheral blood protein expression of interluekin-6 (IL-6), interluekin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble Fas-ligand (sFASL), angiopoetin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, C and D and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) was assessed using a multiplex immunoassay system (Bioplex®). Dd-cfDNA was measured using a targeted amplification, next generation-sequencing assay (AlloSure®; CareDx, Inc.). Results Patients were stratified for levels of dd-cfDNA % as low and high defined as above (≥0.14%) or below the mean ( Conclusion Inflammatory and angiogenesis cytokines are not associated with levels of dd-cfDNA in a stable post transplant population. Further studies of should investigate if temporal changes can predict adverse outcomes.
Continuum Model Analysis of QCM Nanotribological Data to Obtain Friction Coefficients for 304SS Contacts Lubricated by Water and TiO2 Nanoparticle Suspensions

We report a study of the response of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) to rubbing contacts in air, water and aqueous suspensions of 40nm TiO2 nanoparticles. Measurements were performed with a contact comprised of 3 close-packed 304SS ball bearings situated symmetrically about the center of a 304SS QCM electrode with 2nm rms roughness. Two continuum methods were employed to infer macroscale friction coefficients μ employing QCM nanotribological data recorded in the Cattaneo-Mindlin (CM) slip regime at vibrational amplitudes that varied between 1nm and 17nm. The “slope” Method 1 involved sweeps of the QCM amplitude of vibration as ball bearings were held in continuous contact with the oscillating electrode. The “contact” Method 2 obtained μ by analyzing the shifts in frequency and bandwidth that occur at a fixed uo to solve for μ. when ball bearings were brought in and out of contact with the QCM’s electrode. The results for dry and water lubricated contacts compared favorably with macroscale friction coefficients reported in the literature. The model failed to adequately describe contacts lubricated with the NP suspension, but its continuum nature did not appear to be the dominant factor underlying failure. The failure was more likely attributable to either a lack of a CM slip regime when NP were present at the interface and/or the fact that the amplitude of vibration was close in size to the individual NP contacting regions, in violation of a key underlying assumption of the model.
Repeat serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (reSTEP): Is it worth it?

Abstract Background: The utility of repeat serial transverse enteroplasty (reSTEP) has been questioned after patients failed to achieve enteral autonomy. We compared the outcomes after reSTEP to one lifetime STEP (oneSTEP), and tried to identify patients at risk for reSTEP failure. Methods: All STEPs done at our institution were reviewed. Growth, enteral autonomy, bowel-derived bloodstream infection hospital admissions, complications, and need for bowel transplantation were evaluated (p Results: 24 patients underwent 32 STEP (16 oneSTEP, 8 reSTEP). reSTEP patients were younger at first surgery (1.01±1.05 vs. oneSTEP 3.06±4.73 years, p = 0.24). Median time to reSTEP was 1.1 year (0.6–5.7). Weight-for-length z-scores improved after reSTEP (0.02±1.40 to 0.22±1.42, p = 0.81). Bowel-derived bloodstream infections decreased after surgery (oneSTEP 1.50±2.25 to 0.94±1.73, p = 0.50; reSTEP 1.88±2.10 to 1.66±2.32, p = 0.52). 37.5% (9/24) patients achieved enteral autonomy at last follow-up: 7/16 oneSTEP, 2/8 reSTEP (p = 0.37). Two complications occurred after oneSTEP (staple line ulcer, leak), none following reSTEP. Three patients (oneSTEP 1/16, reSTEP 2/8, p = 0.19) underwent bowel transplantation (all gastroschisis). Conclusion: Similar postoperative outcomes after reSTEP and single STEP (improved enteral tolerance, reduced rates of infections) support the use of reSTEP when clinically indicated, although reSTEP in young infants with a history of gastroschisis may need further evaluation.
A Universally Translatable Explication of Adam Smith’s Famous Proposition on 'The Extent of the Market'

Following Smith’s line of argument, we discuss the semantics of four economic principles in Chapter III of the 'Wealth of Nations' that compose Adam Smith’s famous proposition “that division of labour is limited by the extent of the market.” We apply the Natural Semantic Metalanguage framework in linguistics to produce an explication that is clear and plain, cross-translatable into any language, intelligible to twenty-first century readers, and faithfully close to the original text. Our paper demonstrates that Smith’s ideas can be shared among speakers with different linguacultural backgrounds in line with the truly global view of economics that, we argue, Adam Smith had in mind: economics intended as the science of all people living and doing things together with other people so as to live well and to feel good.
Absence of hydroxyurea‐induced mutational effects supports higher utilisation for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) is approved for treating both children and adults with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Fetal haemoglobin (HbF) induction is the primary treatment response, along with improved anaemia, reduced haemolysis, myelosuppression and decreased endothelial inflammation. Hydroxyurea has proven clinical efficacy for SCA - treatment significantly reduces disease manifestations and prolongs survival. Despite these recognised benefits, long-standing concerns regarding the risks of mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic drug exposure have hampered efforts for broad hydroxyurea use in SCA, although these are based largely on outdated experimental models and treatment experiences with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Consequently, many patients with SCA are not receiving this highly effective disease-modifying therapy. In this review, we describe the concept of genotoxicity and its laboratory measurements, summarise hydroxyurea-associated data from both preclinical and clinical studies, and discuss carcinogenic potential. The genotoxicity results clearly demonstrate that hydroxyurea does not directly bind DNA and is not mutagenic. Rather, its genotoxic effects are limited to indirect clastogenicity occurring in select cell types, and only when high dose and time thresholds are exceeded. This absence of mutagenic activity is consistent with the observed lack of any compelling carcinogenic potential. Since hydroxyurea therapy for SCA carries minimal carcinogenic risks, the current drug labelling should be modified accordingly, and prescribing practices should be broadened to allow better access and increased utilisation of this highly effective drug.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Leading to Central Diabetes Insipidus

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) as a complication of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare, occurring in less than 0.6% of AML cases. The mechanism is thought to involve leukemic infiltration in or around the pituitary gland, not always seen on imaging. In one study, as many as 61.4% of patients with CDI due to AML had no abnormalities on MRI, and at autopsy 46% of AML patients had perihypohyseal leukemic infiltration in the absence of overt CDI. CDI is also associated with AML in cases that involve monosomy 7 and inversion 3q21q26, both of which result in ectopic viral integration site 1 (EVI-1) overexpression. It is postulated that EVI-1 overexpression interferes with hypothalamic secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or may lead to its inactivation. We present a case of adipsic CDI due to AML in a patient with monosomy 7. Case: A 70-year-old female presented for routine follow-up and was found to have a white blood cell count of 2.6 K/µL with 29% blasts, anemia (Hgb 10.3 g/dL) and normal platelets (300 K/µL). She was diagnosed with AML and molecular evaluation showed del (3)(q21),-7,add(17(p13) consistent with monosomy 7. She was admitted for induction chemotherapy with cytarabine, daunorubicin and intrathecal methotrexate. She denied thirst. On physical exam she was euvolemic and visual fields were full on confrontation. Her admission sodium was 146 mmol/L, urine osmolality was 149 mOsm/kg H2O, urine sodium 14 mmol/L. Urine output was 5.1 L over the first 24 hours. She underwent a 6 hour water deprivation test, during which her urine output averaged 250 cc/hr. Her sodium increased to 158 mmol/L, serum osmolality 331 mOsm/kg H2O, urine osmolality 146 mOsm/kg H2O. She was then administered 100 µg of DDAVP PO and her serum sodium and osmolality decreased to 155 mmol/L and 326 mOsm/kg H2O, respectively, while her urine osmolality nearly doubled to 292 mOsm/kg H2O. Urine output decreased to 50-100 cc/hr. At no point during her testing did she report thirst. The patient’s pituitary laboratory profile did not show any other abnormalities. Her pituitary MRI revealed subtle thickening of the proximal infundibulum and hypothalamus but no definitive intra-sellar pathology. She was discharged on twice daily DDAVP with a sodium of 142. Unfortunately, her AML was refractory to treatment. She was transitioned to comfort care and died peacefully. Conclusion: CDI as a complication of AML is very rare and is a poor prognostic marker. Based on her MRI findings, the most likely mechanism in this case was infundibular/hypothalamic infiltration. Her adypsia is interesting and may point to more generalized hypothalamic involvement including thirst center. Her monosomy 7 mutation may have also played a role. We present this case to bring awareness to this etiology of DI and its proposed mechanisms.
Downstream Value of Upstream Finance

We examine market value implications of managing liquidity via supplier financing. Results suggest a direct link between shareholder wealth and use of trade credit, and the relation exhibits significant cross-sectional variation. In particular, the market value of trade credit varies with the liquidity of goods sold and competition in product markets. Evidence also indicates the value-supplier financing association strengthens with financial constraint, which supports the financing motive for trade credit. Further findings are consistent with the transaction cost motive. Overall, we conclude that shareholders value the strategic benefits associated with supplier financing and that downstream firms’ characteristics influence this value.
(Dys)function Follows Form: Nucleic Acid Structure, Repeat Expansion, and Disease Pathology in FMR1 Disorders.

Fragile X-related disorders (FXDs), also known as FMR1 disorders, are examples of repeat expansion diseases (REDs), clinical conditions that arise from an increase in the number of repeats in a disease-specific microsatellite. In the case of FXDs, the repeat unit is CGG/CCG and the repeat tract is located in the 5′ UTR of the X-linked FMR1 gene. Expansion can result in neurodegeneration, ovarian dysfunction, or intellectual disability depending on the number of repeats in the expanded allele. A growing body of evidence suggests that the mutational mechanisms responsible for many REDs share several common features. It is also increasingly apparent that in some of these diseases the pathologic consequences of expansion may arise in similar ways. It has long been known that many of the disease-associated repeats form unusual DNA and RNA structures. This review will focus on what is known about these structures, the proteins with which they interact, and how they may be related to the causative mutation and disease pathology in the FMR1 disorders.
Performing while Black: Disrupting Gender and Sexuality from Trinidad to Norway—The Artivism of Thomas Prestø

In this interview, artistic director and choreographer Thomas Presto speaks with cultural studies scholar Dr. Gladys M. Francis about his personal journey as a hyper visible Black boy growing up in...
Research on Grid Power Quality Control Strategy Based on Energy Storage Capacity

In order to improve the ability of energy storage to participate in power quality control of power grid and prolong the life of energy storage system, this paper proposes an energy storage capacity. Quality governance strategy. Firstly, the structure of power conversion system (PCS) is introduced, and the reference current generation method is given. Then, according to the current capacity of the energy storage system, the compensation control method is selected, and the proportional vector proportional product is proposed for the insufficient energy storage capacity. Proportional Vector Proportional Integral (PVPI) PCS frequency division control strategy, using PVPI control has frequency selection characteristics, According to the residual capacity of energy storage, the power quality problems such as harmonic, reactive power and three-phase imbalance of power grid are selectively controlled. Finally, build a distributed energy storage device The experimental results show that the proposed energy storage converter control strategy is effective when the energy storage capacity is insufficient. Improve grid power quality.
Comparing Language-in-Education Policies

Foucault (1988) claims that belief systems gain momentum (and hence power) as more people come to accept as common knowledge the particular views associated with that belief system. Some ideas, being considered undeniable “truths,” come to define a particular way of seeing the world (Brock-Utne & Garbo, 2009). This insight is highly relevant in language politics.
Reconsidering the Mistake of Law Defense

The criminal law is a powerful medicine, and overuse of it can be toxic. We have reached the point at which the number of criminal laws has grown so large, and some of the rules so distant from contemporary mores, that the average person can unknowingly violate the criminal law. There is no need to suffer from this affliction. A properly defined mistake of law defense would protect morally blameless parties without creating a loophole in the criminal law.
Treatment for Primary CNS Lymphoma: The Next Step

PURPOSE: The use of preradiotherapy (RT) methotrexate (MTX) has improved disease control and survival in patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). The reported protocol was designed to optimize and enhance the chemotherapeutic component of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients were treated with five cycles of high-dose MTX 3.5 g/m2, procarbazine 100 mg/m2/d, and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2. Thirty patients received whole-brain RT (45 Gy). Twenty-two older patients deferred RT to diminish the risk of delayed neurotoxicity; these patients are compared with 12 older patients who completed the entire treatment regimen. Most patients (n = 35) received high-dose cytarabine after RT. RESULTS: Objective response rate to the induction chemotherapy regimen was 90%; overall median survival is 60 months. Grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression was seen in 30 patients, primarily in association with cytarabine; grade 3 nephrotoxicity due to MTX was seen in two patients. Older patients had similar median survival with o...
Reduction Mammoplasty: A Comparison Between Operations Performed by Plastic Surgery and General Surgery.

Background: Reduction mammoplasty is an often-performed procedure by plastic surgeons and increasingly by general surgeons. The question has been posed in both general surgical literature and plastic surgical literature as to whether this procedure should remain the domain of surgical specialists. Some general surgeons are trained in breast reductions, whereas all plastic surgeons receive training in this procedure. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project provides a unique opportunity to compare the 2 surgical specialties in an unbiased manner in terms of preoperative comorbidities and 30-day postoperative complications. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database was queried for the years 2005–2012. Patients were identified as having undergone a reduction mammoplasty by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Results were refined to include only females with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code of 611.1 (hypertrophy of breasts). Information was collected regarding age, surgical specialty performing procedure, body mass index, and other preoperative variables. The outcomes utilized were presence of superficial surgical site infection, presence of deep surgical site infection, presence of wound dehiscence, postoperative respiratory compromise, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, perioperative transfusion, operative time, reintubation, reoperation, and length of hospital stay. Results: During this time period, there were 6239 reduction mammaplasties performed within the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database: 339 by general surgery and 5900 by plastic surgery. No statistical differences were detected between the 2 groups with regard to superficial wound infections, deep wound infections, organ space infections, or wound dehiscence. There were no significant differences noted between within groups with regard to systemic postoperative complications. Patients undergoing a procedure by general surgery were more likely to experience a failure of skin flaps, necessitating a return to the operative room (P < .05). Operative time was longer in procedures performed by general surgery (P < .05). Conclusion: Several important differences appear to exist between reduction mammaplasties performed by general surgery and plastic surgery. A focused training in reduction mammoplasty appears to be beneficial to the patient. The limitations of this study include a lack of long-term follow-up with regard to aesthetic outcome, nipple malposition, nipple sensation, and late wound sequelae.
Preparation of sugar-coated homopolymers and multiblock ROMP copolymers

Ring-opened homopolymers of 5-norbornene-2-carboxylates or 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylates that contain acetal-protected sugars (1: 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranos-6-O-yl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate; 2: bis(1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranos-6-O-yl) 5-norbornene-trans-2,3-dicarboxylate; 3: 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid ester containing 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-ribonic γ-lactone; 4: 3,4:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-mannofuranos-1-O-yl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate) were prepared in toluene using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)(O-t-Bu)2 as the initiator. These homopolymers showed narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.02−1.25) and a molecular weight dependent on the number of monomers added. Di-, tri-, and tetrablock copolymers containing 1−4, methyltetracyclododecene (MTD, 5), or trans-2,3-bis(((trimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-norborn-5-ene (6) were also prepared and found to have low polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.03−1.25). The cyclic acetal in polymers containing 1 or 2 could be re...