cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Natural History and Diagnosis of Nicotine Addiction

Addicted smokers experience nicotine withdrawal anytime they go too long without smoking. Withdrawal presents as a continuum of symptoms of escalating severity described by smokers as “wanting,” then “craving,” and eventually “needing” to smoke. These may be followed by irritability, impatience, moodiness, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, and sleep disturbances. This spectrum of intensifying withdrawal symptoms creates a compulsion to smoke that makes quitting difficult. The compulsion to smoke is the core feature of nicotine addiction accounting for its clinical course, physiological characteristics, prognosis, and behavioral manifestations. A compulsion can develop quickly, having been experienced by one third of youth who have smoked only 3 or 4 cigarettes. Its physiologic basis is evident in neurophysiological measures and its recurrence after each cigarette at a characteristic interval. At first, a single cigarette can keep withdrawal at bay for weeks, but as addiction progresses, cigarettes must be smoked at progressively shorter intervals to suppress withdrawal symptoms. The physiologic need to repeatedly self-administer nicotine at shorter intervals explains a full spectrum of addictive symptoms ranging from the prodromal symptom of wanting, to chain smoking. The early process of nicotine addiction is recognized if a person experiences regular wanting for a cigarette. When symptoms include craving or needing, the now addicted patient is experiencing a compulsion to smoke. This simple diagnostic approach covers the full spectrum of addiction in smokers of all ages and levels of tobacco use, and is more valid than a clinical diagnosis based on the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria.
EFFECTS OF A BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE (PIROMEN®1) ON THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS: ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID, CHOLESTEROL AND HISTOLOGIC ALTERATIONS

IMPROVEMENT has been reported in a variety of disease conditions after the administration of pyrogenic substances (1). Piromen®, a bacterial polysaccharide complex of Pseudomonas origin, has been effectively used for the relief of allergic conditions (2–4), dermatologic upheavels (5, 6), opthalmologic dyscrasias (7), vascular (8) and central neuronal pathology (9). Kirkendall et al. (10), Conn and his associates (11), and Wexler and co-workers (12) have shown that Piromen stimulates the pituitary gland to release corticotropic hormone with attendant adrenal cortical sequelae. A series of fundamental endocrine studies was undertaken in order to categorize, more fully, the adreno-cortical response to Piromen, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Adrenal ascorbic acid, cholesterol and histologic alterations served as the point of primary focus. Both intact and hypophysectomized male, Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing from 80 to 120 gm., were employed in these studies. Piromen, in a single intraperitoneal3 inje...
Effects of riparian buffers on nitrate concentrations in watershed discharges: new models and management implications

Watershed analyses of nutrient removal in riparian buffers have been limited by the geographic methods used to map buffers and by the statistical models used to test and quantify buffer effects on stream nutrient levels. We combined geographic methods that account for buffer prevalence along flow paths connecting croplands to streams with improved statistical models to test for buffer effects on stream nitrate concentrations from 321 tributary watersheds to the Chesapeake Bay, USA. We developed statistical models that predict stream nitrate concentration from watershed land cover and physiographic province. We used information theoretic methods (AICc) to compare models with and without buffer terms, and we demonstrate that models accounting for riparian buffers better explain stream nitrate concentrations than models using only land cover proportions. We analyzed the buffer model parameters to quantify differences within and among physiographic provinces in the potentials for nitrate loss from croplands and nitrate removal in buffers. On average, buffers in Coastal Plain study watersheds had a higher relative nitrate removal potential (95% of the inputs from cropland) than Piedmont buffers (35% of inputs). Buffers in Appalachian Mountain study watersheds were intermediate (retaining 39% of cropland inputs), but that percentage was uncertain. The absolute potential to reduce nitrate concentration was highest in the Piedmont study watersheds because of higher nitrate inputs from cropland. Model predictions for the study watersheds provided estimates of nitrate removals achieved with the existing cropland and buffer distributions. Compared to expected nitrate concentrations if buffers were removed, current buffers reduced average nitrate concentrations by 0.73 mg N/L (50% of their inputs from cropland) in the Coastal Plain study watersheds, 0.40 mg N/L (11%) in the Piedmont, and 0.08 mg N/L (5%) in the Appalachian Mountains. Restoration to close all buffer gaps downhill from croplands would further reduce nitrate concentrations by 0.66 mg N/L, 0.83 mg N/L, and 0.51 mg N/L, respectively, in the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Appalachian Mountain study watersheds. Aggregate nitrate removal by riparian buffers was less than suggested by many studies of field-to-stream transects, but buffer nitrate removal is significant, and restoration could achieve substantial additional removal.
Literature review on technology transfer from government laboratories to industry

Technology transfer is a broad field that ranges from internal corporate technology transfer to international technology transfer. While technology transfer among corporates, between universities and companies, have been well documented, however, technology transfer from government owned R&D institutions to private sector has not. Governments throughout the world are spending more and more national budget in R&D with the goal to enhance national competitiveness and develop their economies. With increasing global competition governments in both developed and developing countries accentuate more on public R&D investments. Nevertheless the question of how to translate these enormous public spendings to the achievement of the country's economic goals is still not answered adequately and thus requires more investigation. A thorough review of the literature is the first step needed to gain an overall picture of the research done in this field. It also helps highlight much of the research gaps that remained to be fulfilled by future work.
Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Embryos of Ilyanassa obsoleta

Much of the protein synthesis during early development in Ilyanassa results from the translation of oogenetic mRNA. We show that microtubule proteins are products of this translation, and that their synthesis is subject to translation level regulation. We also show that translation level regulation is involved in the function of the polar lobe by making comparisons of the electrophoretic patterns of synthesis of 14C labeled proteins of normal embryos with the patterns of synthesis of 3H labeled proteins of embryos from which the polar lobes had been removed at the trefoil stage. Controls utilizing biochemical and morphological markers were performed to assure that normal and delobed embryos were developing at equivalent rates. The expression of significant differences in the patterns of protein synthesis were found between normal and delobed embryos, and these differences were not dependent upon concomitant RNA synthesis. These differences were observable as early as after only 24 hours of development, although organogenesis does not begin until much later in development. Therefore, the observed differences probably reflect determinative events. The results support the hypothesis that the developmental determinants of the polar lobe may include specific, preformed mRNA sequences, or specific regulators of translation.
Quantitative Relationships Among Golden‐Cheeked Warbler Occurrence and Landscape Size, Composition, and Structure

Abstract The golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) is a federally listed endangered species with an extremely limited breeding range (Edwards Plateau, Tex., USA) and specific habitat requirements. Although localized habitat composition and structure correlate well with golden-cheeked warbler occurrence and nest location, the effects of landscape composition and structure are largely untested. To investigate landscape-scale influences on habitat occupancy, we surveyed 202 point locations for golden-cheeked warbler presence. We used logistic regression to compare the relative influence of 4 landscape-scale variables (largest patch index, percent of the landscape in woodland, mean-nearest neighbor, and edge density) measured at 4 spatial scales (3 ha, 12 ha, 50 ha, and 200 ha) in predicting occurrence. The amount of mature juniper–oak (Juniperus ashei and Quercus spp.) woodland in the landscape was the single most important variable across spatial scales and average values of woodland cover remained...
The Path of Least Resistance: Mechanisms to Reduce Influenza's Sensitivity to Oseltamivir.

The impact of a potential global influenza pandemic calls for the development and delivery of effective antiviral therapeutics [1]. Unfortunately, for all influenza therapeutics widely used in the clinic to date, the virus' high evolutionary capacity has led to the rapid appearance of drug-resistant variants in currently circulating strains [2-4]. Such resistance poses a serious threat to public health, demanding a global effort to generate improved treatment options [5]. The intelligent design of anti-influenza drugs that circumvent resistance requires a molecular-level understanding of the mechanisms involved, such that we can both predict and rationally sidestep such processes.
A Comparison of Syntactic Reordering Methods for English-German Machine Translation

We describe two methods for syntactic source reordering developed for English-German SMT. Both methods learn from bilingual data accompanied by automatic word alignments to reorder the source such that it resembles that of the target. While the first method is an extension of a parse-based algorithm and accommodates contextual triggers in the parse, the second method uses a linear feature-based cost model along with a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) solver to perform the reordering. Our results indicate that both methods lead to improvements in BLEU scores in both directions, English→German and German→English. Significant gains in human translation quality assessment are observed for German→English, however, no significant changes are observed in the human assessment for English→German.
Sorry sorries: Image repair after regretted apologies

Abstract Regretted apologies create a unique rhetorical situation, possibly leading to an apology for an apology. This essay draws on the work of Benoit’s (1995) image repair typology to survey attempts to repair image when the offense is an earlier attempt at image repair. Two case studies are offered—one in politics and one in entertainment—to assess image repair efforts after regretted apologies. Implications for image repair analyses are offered, as well as suggestions for further work to add nuance to image repair theory.
Sensitivity to Sound-Source Elevation in Nontonotopic Auditory Cortex

Xu, Li, Shigeto Furukawa, and John C. Middlebrooks. Sensitivity to sound-source elevation in nontonotopic auditory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 882–894, 1998. We have demonstrated that the spike pa...
Total Artificial Heart Replacement With 2 Centrifugal Blood Pumps

Abstract A total of 2 small, electrical, centrifugal pumps can be implanted as a total artificial heart replacement. This type of mechanical support may be advantageous in the setting of severe biventricular failure when cannulation of the native ventricles is complicated. Postinfarct ventricular septal rupture with inability to reconstruct the defect is an example in which we have successfully applied this strategy. The technique for ventriculectomy and pump attachment to the mitral and tricuspid annuli is presented.
Uni-polar or bi-polar scales of judgment

A study was made to try to determine whether Ss proceeded from rankings of 1–15 in an orderly fashion when asked to make preferential judgments of colors and types of music or whether there was a characteristic pattern to these rankings of two types of stimuli. Forty Ss were asked to rank from 1–15 an arbitrary listing of 15 colors and of 15 types of music and also to indicate the order of the selections; i.e., was the carmine red judged as second most preferred but only after 5 other judgments had been made? The results show the same type of curve for both materials; both suggesting a discontinuity in the activity of judgment.
Apparent lack of cross-reactivity for infusion-related reactions between two forms of lipid-based amphotericin B

Purpose The case of a patient who experienced probable infusion-related reactions to amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) but tolerated continued amphotericin B therapy after a switch to an alternative lipid-based formulation is reported. Summary A 28-year-old immunocompromised man with pneumonia, respiratory failure, and neutropenic fever was initiated on ABLC and other antibiotics for suspected invasive aspergillosis. Due to the patient’s deteriorating renal function, the use of amphotericin B was deemed preferable to the standard therapy for invasive aspergillosis (voriconazole) even though he had experienced likely infusion-related reactions to ABLC on two prior occasions. During the infusion of ABLC, significant increases in the man’s temperature, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were observed. Although those symptoms were suspected to be infusion related, it was decided that continuing amphotericin B therapy with an alternative lipid-based form of the drug was the best course of action. After the patient was switched to liposomal amphotericin B one day later, no further infusion-related adverse reactions were noted for the duration of therapy. While this case suggests that adverse reactions to one type of amphotericin B might not occur with the use of an alternative formulation, further research is needed to better define the potential for cross-reactivity among various forms of amphotericin B and related safe-infusion practices. Conclusion A patient with invasive aspergillosis who experienced likely infusion- related reactions to ABLC was able to tolerate continued amphotericin B therapy after a switch to the liposomal formulation.
INSTRUMENTING AN ASPHALT VIBRATORY COMPACTOR FOR AUTOMATION OF ROADWAY COMPACTION

The work presented in this paper is a part of an ongoing research to predict the relative density of an asphalt mat in real-time during compaction in the field. In this paper, compaction results from a laboratory asphalt vibratory compactor (AVC) are presented. In laboratory test setup, the AVC was instrumented with tri-axial accelerometers connected to a computer equipped with a data acquisition card. Several asphalt mixes were compacted in the AVC and the vibration responses were recorded. The relationships between the vibratory response and the various process parameters such as: sample thickness, mix types, temperature vibration frequency, compaction pressure, etc. are examined. For selected mixes, the vibration properties (i.e. frequency) are evaluated using spectrogram method. The results show that the spectrogram of vibration response can represent the degree of compaction. The study results demonstrate that the similar (spectrogram) approach can be used to monitor the compaction process of asphalt pavements in real time by instrumenting the filed vibratory roller.
Lithofacies Analysis on Volcanites in Dawa Oilfield

Volcanites in Dawa Oilfield are distributed in Fangshenpao Formation and Mesozoic group with laminar distribution, lithology is mainly consisted of basalts, andesites, volcanic breccia and tuffs, of which volcanic breccia is a key reservoir of Mesozoic group. Through vulcanite well logging recognition and its well tie correlation, the Mesozoic volcanites are divided into pouring out facies, empty accumulative facies, volcanic sedimentasy-transition facies and volcanic sedimentary facies. Plane distributional properties of volcanic lithofacies are found out, thus basic data are provided for studying the volcanic reservoir in Dawa Oilfield.
Use of Hes1-GFP reporter mice to assess activity of the Hes1 promoter in bone cells under chronic inflammation

Notch signaling plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis partially by controlling the formation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We reported that TNF activates Notch signaling in MSCs which inhibits osteoblast differentiation in TNF transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice, a mouse model of chronic inflammatory arthritis. In the current study, we used Hes1-GFP and Hes1-GFP/TNF-Tg mice to study the distribution and dynamic change of Notch active cells in normal and inflammatory bone loss and mechanisms mediating their enhanced proliferation. We found that Hes1-GFP+ cells are composed of cells expressing mesenchymal, hematopoietic and endothelial surface markers. CD45-/Hes1-GFP+ cells express high levels of mesenchymal markers and form CFU-F and CFU-ALP colonies. Expansion of CFU-F colonies is associated with a rapid increase in Hes1-GFP+ cell numbers and their GFP intensity. The GFP signal is lost when a CFU-F colony differentiates into an ALP+ osteoblast colony. TNF increases the numbers of CD45-/Hes1-GFP+ cells, which are stained negatively for osteoblast marker osteocalcin and localized adjacent to endosteal and trabecular bone surfaces. CD45-/Hes1-GFP+ cells in Hes1-GFP/TNF-Tg mice have increased BrdU incorporation and PDGFRβ levels. TNF increases the number of proliferating Hes1-GFP+ cells, which is prevented by a specific PDGFRβ inhibitor. Notch inhibition blocks TNF-mediated PDGFRβ expression and cell proliferation. Thus, TNF-induced MSC proliferation is mediated by PDGFRβ signal, which works at downstream of Notch. Hes1-GFP mice can be used to assess the activation status of Notch in bone cells.
Rapid evaluation of mechanical boundary conditions using impedance based structural health monitoring

Conventionally, structural health monitoring (SHM) has been primarily concerned with sensing, identifying, locating, and determining the severity of damage present in a structure that is in a static state. Instead, this study will investigate adapting the impedance SHM method to rapidly evaluate a mechanical system during a dynamic event. Also in contrast to conventional SHM, the objective is not to detect damage but instead to detect changes in the boundary conditions as they occur during a dynamic event. Rapid detection of changes in boundary conditions in highly dynamic environments has the potential to be used in a wide variety of applications, including the aerospace, civil, and mining industries. A key feature of this work will be the use of frequency ranges higher than what is typically used for SHM impedance measurements, in the range of several MHz. Using such high frequencies will allow for faster measurements of impedance, thus enabling the capture of variations in boundary conditions as they change during a dynamic event. An existing analytical model from the literature for electromechanical impedance based SHM will be utilized for this study.
Low-noise operation and magnetic-priming of magnetrons by azimuthally-varying axial magnetic fields

A recent breakthrough at the University of Michigan has demonstrated that application of an azimuthally-varying axial magnetic field to a magnetron causes a dramatic reduction (-30 dB) in the microwave noise near the carrier and elimination of the sidebands (spurs). Another advantage of azimuthally-varying axial magnetic fields is "magnetic priming" in which the magnetron pi-mode oscillation-startup is hastened, especially when N/2 periods of magnetic perturbation are applied to an N-cavity magnetron. These experiments have been performed on kW microwave oven magnetrons. Computational simulations have also been performed in both 2-D and 3-D that verify the effects on rapid startup and noise observed experimentally.
The genesis and evolution of a textbook on antennas

Some of the basic steps one should follow when considering writing a text book are outlined. Considerations in the selection of a topic, publisher, editor, contract, completion of manuscript and book production are discussed. Most of the material and examples are drawn from my own experience in writing two text books and subsequent four revisions.
Economics of Science: Historical Evolution

Science plays a fundamental role in society. Social studies of science have analyzed the nature of scientific research and the fruitful effects for innovation, employment and economic growth of nations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the origins, nature, evolution and structure of the economics of scientific research. The paper suggests that one of the first scholars that has tried to systematize this discipline is Paul Freedman with the book “The principles of scientific research” published in London in 1949 by Pergamon Press Ltd. Although this book is largely forgotten, it represents a main contribution to lay the foundations for the economics of science and research. The study here also endeavors to develop, whenever possible the structure of this discipline through central topics from emerging research fields.
Launching the Six-Coloring Baryon-Antibaryon Antisymmetric Iso-Wavefunctions and Iso-Matrices

In this work, we upgrade the Inopin-Schmidt quark confinement and baryon-antibaryon duality proof with Santilli's new iso-mathematics. For a baryon-antibaryon pair confined to the six-coloring kagome lattice of the Inopin Holographic Confinement Ring (IHCR), we construct a cutting-edge procedure that iso-topically lifts the antisymmetric wavefunctions and matrices to iso-wavefunctions and iso-matrices, respectively. The initial results support our hypothesis that transitions between the energy and resonance states of the hadronic spectra may be rigorously characterized by properly-calibrated iso-topic liftings. In total, these rich developments suggest a promising future for this emerging iso-confinement framework, which must be subjected to additional scientific inquiry, scrutiny, and exploration.
A Clinical Decision Support Tool for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Based on Physician Input

Abstract Objective To develop clinical decision support (CDS) for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), based on physician input obtained by a mixed methods approach. Introduction Awareness, detection, and control of FH—a relatively common genetic disorder—is low. Clinical decision support could address knowledge gaps and provide point-of-care guidance for the management of FH. Methods A 16-question survey that assessed familiarity with FH and sought input on potential content of the CDS tool was emailed to 1161 clinicians including 208 cardiologists. In addition, 4 physician focus groups were held to gather input on the structure and form of the CDS tool. This study took place between September 12, 2016, and January 16, 2017. Results The response rate to the survey was 18.1%. Clinicians were overwhelmingly (97.6%) in favor of a CDS tool that assists in managing patients with FH at the point of care and this was confirmed in the focus group discussions. Key themes emerged during the focus groups including providers' knowledge and understanding of FH, facilitators and barriers to implementing a CDS tool, and suggestions for its design and content. Conclusion Clinicians were supportive of development of a CDS tool to assist with the evaluation and treatment of FH and provided feedback related to the design and implementation of such a tool.
Development of Pulsed UV Light Processes for Surface Fungal Disinfection of Fresh Fruits

Pulsed UV (PUV) power techniques were studied as a nonthermal, residue-free alternative to contact pesticides and to evaluate the surface disinfection of fresh fruits using this type of extremely rapid, high-peak power UV beams. Coherent 248-nm beams from excimer lasers were used to simulate a variety of pulsed light sources now commercially available. Surface disinfection on a series of fresh fruits (i.e., apples, kiwi, lemon, nectarines, oranges, peaches, pears, raspberries, and grapes), representing economically important commodities, were studied and evaluated. Plant (fungal) pathogens were rapidly ( 5 log), and reproducibly killed on fruit surfaces. However, in naturally infected or inoculated (sprayed) fruits, a fraction of the inoculum may penetrate into the epidermis or locate in injured tissue in crevices or in surface irregularities. Under these conditions, only partial disinfection was obtained due to UV shielding (shadowing) effects, which prevent the highly directional, c...
MECHANISMS FOR THE INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mechanisms for the intracellular compartmentation of newly synthesized proteins. Secretory proteins are synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes and end up segregated in the intracisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are then routed through various intracellular membrane-bounded compartments and leave the cell by exocytosis. Translation of the signal and adjacent codons takes place on free ribosomes until the signal peptide region of the nascent chain has emerged from within a space in the large ribosomal subunit. The signal peptide of the nascent chain then serves to establish a functional ribosome–membrane junction. It is found that for that to occur the existence of ribosome receptor proteins in the membrane of the RER was postulated. The proteins would be able to move in the plane of the membrane, and to aggregate to form a proteinaceous tunnel in the membrane upon interaction with the signal peptide. In their associated form, they bind to multiple sites on the large ribosomal subunit, thereby linking the putative tunnel in the large ribosomal subunit with the newly formed tunnel in the membrane.
A STATISTICAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING METHOD BASED ON THE SPATIAL THEORY OF VOTING

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a statistical procedure that recovers from cross-sectional survey thermometer score data the spatial configuration of candidates and citizens, and the dimensionality of the issue space and the relative salience of these issues. Spatial theory seeks to ascertain the policies candidates adopt in an election. The principal assumption of the theory is that candidate strategies and citizen preferences can be represented in an n-dimensional Euclidean coordinate system with a Euclidean distance metric used to describe citizen utility functions. Using various multidimensional scaling methods, political scientists are beginning to study spatial models. The most relevant examples are Rusk and Weisberg's analysis of SRC thermometer data, and Rabinowitz's nonmetric algorithm for recovering candidate spatial positions from mass survey data. The chapter focuses on an alternative algebraic scaling model and a statistical methodology for estimating the parameters of a theoretical model of election competition.
Collider Dipole Magnet Cold Test Facility Implementation

The approach and plans for the facility activation to support the Collider Dipole Magnet (CDM) Cold Test Stands (CTS) and associated equipment will be discussed throughout this paper. Methodologies utilized and results obtained in the layout and planning process represent significant advancements in CTS systems integration for CDM testing.
Data Driven Robust Superstable Control of Switched Systems

Abstract This paper considers the problem of data driven control of switched linear MIMO systems. Our goal is, given experimental data collected at different operating points and a-priori model structure, to directly design a controller that super-stabilizes all plants in the consistency set, for any arbitrary switching sequence, without explicitly identifying the plant. Our main result shows that this problem can be recast into a convex optimization problem and efficiently solved, leading to a robust controller with guaranteed l∞ worse-case performance for any switching amongst all plants that could have generated the observed experimental data.
A Dual-Band Metamaterial Superstrate for Antenna Gain Enhancement

This paper presents the design of a dual-band anisotropic zero-index metamaterial (ZIM)superstrate which can be used with antennas to enhance their gain in two frequency bands. The unit cell of proposed design consists of two capacitively loaded loops (CLL)which are nested to achieve dual-band operation. The extracted parameters of the resulting periodic structure show that permeability of the metamaterial is close to zero at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz respectively. Used as a superstrate to a printed monopole antenna, the ZIM enhances its gain by 2.8 dB and 3.8 dB at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz.
Thermodynamics and Reaction Mechanisms for Decomposition of a Simple Protonated Tripeptide, H+GAG: a Guided Ion Beam and Computational Study

We present a thorough characterization of fragmentations observed in threshold collision-induced dissociation (TCID) experiments of protonated glycylalanylglycine (H+GAG) with Xe using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. Kinetic energy dependent cross sections for nine ionic products were observed and analyzed to provide 0 K barriers for the six primary products: [b2]+, [y1 + 2H]+, [b3]+, CO loss, [y2 + 2H]+, and [a1]+; and three secondary products: [a2]+, [a3]+, and CH3CHNH2+, after accounting for multiple ion-molecule collisions, internal energy of reactant ions, unimolecular decay rates, competition between channels, and sequential dissociations. Relaxed potential energy surface scans performed at the B3LYP-GD3BJ/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory are used to identify transition states (TSs) and intermediates of the six primary and one secondary products (where the other two secondary products have mechanisms previously established). Geometry optimizations and single-point energy calculations were performed at several levels of theory. These theoretical energies are compared with experimental threshold energies and are found to give reasonably good agreement, with B3LYP-GD3BJ and M06-2X levels of theory performing better than other levels. The results obtained here are also compared with previous results for decomposition of H+GGG. The primary difference observed is a lowering of the threshold for the [b2]+ product ion and a concomitant suppression of the directly competing [y1 + 2H]+ product, the result of specific methylation of the [b2]+ product ion.
Influence of Acetabular Labral Tear Length on Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome With Capsular Plication

Background:The literature on the effects of labral tear on patient-reported outcomes, midterm pain, and overall patient satisfaction is limited.Purpose:To determine the effect of labral tear length...
Juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulitis in an elderly female.

We describe the case of an 82-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our institution as a transfer from an outside hospital with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain with CT imaging concerning for a duodenal mass or abscess in the juxtapapillary region of the second part of the duodenum. Upper endoscopy showed a non-bleeding duodenal diverticulum with purulent discharge consistent with diverticulitis. She underwent endoscopic disimpaction with irrigation and received a 14 day course of antibiotics, after which she presented for follow-up 1 month after discharge without complications. This case highlights the rarity of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulitis, its nonspecific clinical presentation and imaging findings and the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent severe complications including perforation.
American Acculturation and Academic Performance: Analyzing the Relationship between Years Living in the United States and Freshman Composition Grades at a Diverse Community College

ABSTRACTIn an effort to better understand how students’ length of exposure to American secondary schools relates to academic performance in core, first-year college courses, this study surveyed and...
Inversion algorithm for Lamb-wave-based depth characterization of acoustic emission sources in plate-like structures.

Abstract An inversion algorithm (termed AEDep) is proposed for estimating the depth of acoustic emission (AE) sources in plate-like structural components. The work is motivated by the need for characterizing early-stage fatigue crack growth in such components. The algorithm achieves depth estimation by automatically extracting the depth-dependent amplitude ratio between the fundamental Lamb modes which comprise the AE signals. A finite element model is designed to study the frequency-dependent forward problem of Lamb wave motion due to a given source, from which the relation between source depth and amplitude ratio is established. Elastodynamic theory is used to validate the model in the frequency domain, as well as to derive a sensor tuning factor which may be incorporated into the solution. The proposed algorithm was tested on two plate-like specimens: a 6061-T6 aluminum plate and a 2025-T6 aluminum aircraft fuselage panel. Validation of the algorithm was achieved by generating controlled AE sources at various depths along the edges of the specimens, in the form of Hsu-Nielsen pencil lead breaks. Good agreement was found in the aluminum plate between the true and estimated source depths. A slight decrease in accuracy was found in the fuselage panel between the true values and their estimations. However, both experimental cases demonstrated the ability to distinguish between sources originating near the mid-plane of a plate-like structure from those near the surface. Lastly, the fast computation of the inversion algorithm shows strong potential for real-time monitoring applications.
CARDIOMYOPATHY CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK STRATIFICATION BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN DANON DISEASE

Danon disease (DD) is a rare and severe X-linked cardiomyopathy caused by LAMP2 deficiency. LAMP2 mutations may account for a significant proportion of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There is no data on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) association with outcome in DD. CMR scans of confirmed DD were
Cardiometabolic Risk and Epicardial Adipose Tissue

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a quantifiable and modifiable biomarker. EAT is a marker of visceral adiposity and strongly correlates with fatty liver infiltration and insulin resistance. EAT has shown to correlate and predict the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, although there is no consensus on the EAT threshold risk values, yet. Higher EAT is associated with higher cardiometabolic risk, independently of traditional risk markers. Imaging of EAT can stratify the cardiovascular risk in subjects with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. EAT increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with HIV, psoriasis, and postmenopausal women. EAT measurement can serve as a diagnostic tool in assessing cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
Poly-Specialty Application Practices of Medical Students Applying to Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency

Background It is not uncommon for medical students seeking surgical residencies to apply to and rank two or more surgical specialties. Level of interest in a specialty is consistently cited as one of the most important factors for program directors when evaluating applicants for 0 + 5 integrated vascular surgery (IVS) programs. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in poly-specialty application submission to IVS and poly-specialty ranking of IVS to determine the percentage of applicants to IVS residencies with vascular surgery as their true preference. Methods Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) statistics for noninternational medical graduates from 2011 to 2017 were mined for trends in poly-specialty applications between IVS and other surgical disciplines. The poly-specialty application percentage, range, and standard deviation were determined. The National Resident Match Program (NRMP) results and data from 2011 to 2018 were also used to identify those U.S. seniors who ranked IVS programs as their preferred choice, defined as ranking vascular as the only choice or the first-choice specialty. This was compared with those who ranked a specialty other than vascular surgery first but had vascular surgery listed on their rank list. These data were also collected for applicants to orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, integrated cardiothoracic surgery, and integrated plastic surgery. Results Between 2011 and 2017, applicants who submitted ERAS applications to IVS most often poly-specialty applied to IVS and general surgery (87%) followed by IVS and the following: preliminary surgery (71%), plastic surgery (22%), orthopedic surgery (19%), neurosurgery (17%), otolaryngology (16%), obstetrics and gynecology (12%), and urology (3%). The percentage of the applicant pool submitting rank lists with multiple specialties fell over the study period from 94% in 2011 to 67% in 2018. Between 2011 and 2018, an average of 14% of IVS applicants (n = 463), who submitted rank lists to the NRMP, ranked a specialty other than vascular as their true preference (range 7–23 SD 5). Only integrated cardiothoracic surgery had a higher percentage of applicants listing a different specialty as their true preference at 25% (range 18–36 SD 7). Nearly all (97–99%) applicants to orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, and plastic surgery applied to that specialty as their true preference. Conclusions IVS residency applicants were most likely to apply for poly-specialty via the ERAS to general surgery and IVS. Compared to the other surgical specialties, those who submitted rank lists to the NRMP listing integrated cardiothoracic and IVS had the highest likelihood of ranking another specialty higher. Care must be taken when evaluating applications to IVS residencies to determine the applicant's level of interest in vascular surgery as a career.
Process Utility, Participation, and the Value of Democracy to Humans

Most theories of democracy assume that humans receive value from democracy through participating in the process. The value may be either consumption utility from the act of participation or investment benefits from the difference one’s participation can make in the outcome. Such theories implicitly assume as well that low participation means that humans receive little value from the democratic process. Using an experiment in which subjects are able to set prices at which they can sell their right to participate in a naturally occurring real election with traditionally low participation, we find that humans who typically do not vote refuse to sell their rights more if they must do so in advance of the election and demand higher prices for advance sales. We thus demonstrate that humans receive value from the democratic process independent of whether they participate in that process or not. Moreover, this value from the democratic process can be quite sizable and greater than the investment benefits from voting. Hence, the conjecture that low participation implies human apathy and indifference to the democratic process is false.
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine confirm seasonality of fatality risk.

Bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America are predominantly comprised of migratory, tree-dependent species, but it is unclear why these bats are at higher risk. Factors influencing bat susceptibility to wind turbines might be revealed by temporal patterns in their behaviors around these dynamic landscape structures. In northern temperate zones, fatalities occur mostly from July through October, but whether this reflects seasonally variable behaviors, passage of migrants, or some combination of factors remains unknown. In this study, we examined video imagery spanning one year in the state of Colorado in the United States, to characterize patterns of seasonal and nightly variability in bat behavior at a wind turbine. We detected bats on 177 of 306 nights representing approximately 3,800 hr of video and > 2,000 discrete bat events. We observed bats approaching the turbine throughout the night across all months during which bats were observed. Two distinct seasonal peaks of bat activity occurred in July and September, representing 30% and 42% increases in discrete bat events from the preceding months June and August, respectively. Bats exhibited behaviors around the turbine that increased in both diversity and duration in July and September. The peaks in bat events were reflected in chasing and turbine approach behaviors. Many of the bat events involved multiple approaches to the turbine, including when bats were displaced through the air by moving blades. The seasonal and nightly patterns we observed were consistent with the possibility that wind turbines invoke investigative behaviors in bats in late summer and autumn coincident with migration and that bats may return and fly close to wind turbines even after experiencing potentially disruptive stimuli like moving blades. Our results point to the need for a deeper understanding of the seasonality, drivers, and characteristics of bat movement across spatial scales.
ARDS Outcomes in Non-Research Subjects Assessed by Generalized Prospective Trial Eligibility Criteria and Adherence to Lung-Protective Ventilation

Background ARDS mortality is lower among subjects participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared to subjects in observational studies. Excluding potential subjects with inordinately high mortality risk is necessary to prevent masking the impact of potentially effective treatments. We inquired whether observed mortality differed between RCT-eligible and RCT-ineligible subjects managed with varying degrees of lung-protective ventilation in a non-research setting. Methods This single-center, retrospective, observational study utilized quality assurance data for monitoring lung-protective ventilation practices based upon National Institutes of Health ARDS Network (ARDSNet) protocols. Between 2002 and 2017, 1,975 subjects meeting the 1994 consensus criteria for acute lung injury/ARDS (later reclassified by the Berlin definition) were prospectively identified and classified as RCT-eligible or RCT-ineligible on the basis of the original ARDSNet exclusion criteria for comorbidities or moribund condition. Demographic and physiologic data from the day of ARDS onset and outcome data were studied. Survival was modeled with a mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, both illness and lung injury severity plateau pressure, and formal use of the ARDSNet ventilator protocol. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality during the first 90 d following onset of ARDS. Results Day 90 mortality was 27.6% in RCT-eligible subjects versus 50.4% in RCT-ineligible subjects (hazard ratio 0.47 [95% CI 0.41-0.54], P Conclusions Mortality in non-research, RCT-eligible subjects was substantially lower compared to RCT-ineligible subjects. Managing non-research patients with ARDS by keeping plateau pressure ≤ 30 cm H2O and formal use of a lung-protective ventilation protocol significantly reduces mortality risk.
898-P: CGM Metrics Identify Dysglycemic States in Subjects with Normal OGTT from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study

The TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (PtP) has enhanced our understanding of the progression through the stages of T1D identifying individuals at early stages of disease for prevention trials. Individuals with multiple islet AAb and normal OGTT are considered to be at Stage 1 T1D, and those with abnormal OGTT are at Stage 2 T1D. Our aim was to determine whether subtle forms of dysglycemia provide new clues about disease progression (Stage 3). 94 relatives of T1D probands from PtP underwent a 7-day CGM assessment (Dexcom G4 Platinum Professional) Three groups of relatives were evaluated: 1) Relatives at Stage 2 T1D whose 5-year risk for T1D progression is ∼70% (n=33); 2), relatives at Stage 1 T1D whose 5-year risk for T1D progression is ∼ 35% (n=51); and relatives with negative confirmed AAb and normal OGTT (n=10) whose 5-year risk for progression is 140 mg/dL was higher in relatives at Stage 1 and Stage 2 T1D compared to low risk relatives (P = 0.02). In conclusion, CGM metrics may be useful in identifying dysglycemia in at risk relatives with normal OGTT. Disclosure D.M. Wilson: Advisory Panel; Self; Tolerion, Inc. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic. P. Nelson: None. D. Scheinker: Advisory Panel; Self; Carta Healthcare. S. Pietropaolo: None. M. Acevedo-Calado: None. M. Ebrahimi: None. A. Steck: None. J.L. Dunne: None. C. Greenbaum: Research Support; Self; Janssen Research & Development. M. Pietropaolo: None. Funding National Institutes of Health
Acute Kidney Injury After Large Ventral Hernia Repair Requiring Transversus Abdominis Release.

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known postoperative complication of open ventral hernia repair contributing to increased costs, hospital length of stay, and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify whether the muscle injury that occurs in a posterior separation of components via transversus abdominis release (TAR) contributes to a higher incidence of postoperative AKI. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent open retrorectus ventral hernia repair with and without TAR at a single institution between 2012 and 2019 was performed. Patients who underwent a separation of components via either unilateral or bilateral transversus abdominis release were compared to those who did not undergo TAR as part of their hernia repair (non-TAR). The outcome of interest was the development of postoperative AKI. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in creatinine of greater than 50% of the preoperative baseline. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of TAR on the development of AKI. RESULTS There were 523 patients who met inclusion criteria, of which 159 (30.4%) had a TAR as part of their retrorectus hernia repair. No differences were found in preoperative characteristics between the TAR and non-TAR group including age, gender, history of kidney disease, or history of diabetes. By contrast, the TAR group had significantly greater median estimated blood loss (100 mL vs 75 mL, P < .01), mean positive intraoperative fluid balance (2255 mL vs 1887 mL, P < .01), and operative duration (321 min vs 269 min, P < .001). The rate of AKI in the TAR group was 11% (n = 18) vs 6% (n = 23, P = .0503) in the non-TAR group. On multivariate analysis controlling for patient characteristics and intraoperative factors, TAR was the only factor with a significantly increased odds of AKI (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.994-3.905, P = .0521). CONCLUSIONS In patients with large ventral hernias requiring retrorectus repair, performing a TAR is associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the development of postoperative AKI. These findings suggest that these patients should be optimized perioperatively with emphasis on fluid resuscitation, limiting nephrotoxic medications and monitoring urine output.