cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine structure of membranous and microfibrillar systems in the cortex of Paramecium caudatum.

An electron microscope study of the cortex of Paramecium caudatum has revealed new details pertinent to several unresolved problems. The lateral boundaries of the alveoli do not regularly follow the crests of the polygonal ridges and thus their staining with silver cannot account for the external lattice seen by light microscopists. A granulo-fibrillar material is present, however, within the peaks of the ridges, which would account for the external lattice if so stained. Perforations are present between adjacent alveoli which make the whole mosaic of alveolar sacs within the cell's cortex continuous—both the membranes and the lumen. A microfibrillar system exhibiting a cross-striated pattern lies in the superficial cortex. These bands are inserted at their ends in the epiplasm and have a fine structure and arrangement suggesting a muscular function. The infraciliary lattice is a branching system of fibers with electron-opaque posts at the center of each branching locus. This system is distinct from the striated bands in morphology and in space. The epiplasm is discontinuous along the crests of the ridges, which may account for the pellicles' disposition to tear along these lines. A three-dimensional drawing is presented to show the interrelationships between the above membranous and microfibrillar systems.
Singular Limits of Solutions of Boltzmann's Equation,

Abstract : A survey is made of various singular limits of solutions of the Boltzmann equation which, taken together, describe most of the qualitative and quantitative properties of a rarefied gas. Included are large and small mean-free-path limits, boundary and initial layers, and the influence of instabilities on the propagation of correlations by nonchaotic Boltzmann equations. (Author)
The site of synthesis of the 19S gamma-globulins in dysgammaglobulinemia.

Lymph nodes and splenic tissue from patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia and dysgammaglobulinemia and from normal subjects were studied with the use of immunofluorescence and histochemical stains to determine the site of synthesis of the 19S γ1-globulins. The two patients with dysgammaglobulinemia had high serum concentrations of the 19S γ1-globulins and a marked deficit of the 7S γ-globulins. These patients, as well as agammaglobulinemic children, had only rare or no plasma cells in their tissues. Cells were identified in sections of spleen from a dysgammaglobulinemic child as well as from normal individuals which exhibited specific fluorescence with an anti-19S γ-globulin antiserum adsorbed with 7S γ2-globulins and which stained positively with PAS and methyl green pyronine. These cells resembled the transitional cells described by Fagraeus.
Repeater and current-sensing hybrid circuits for on-chip interconnects

Designing interconnects is becoming an increasingly challenging problem with a few solutions. In this paper hybrid circuit based on the well known delay-optimal repeaters and the recently proposed differential current-sensing is presented. Comparison in terms of delay, power and area is drawn between various versions of the hybrid circuit with delay-optimal repeater insertion and differential current sensing in order to derive at the best possible solution. It is shown that driving 25% of the wire with repeaters and remaining with current-sensing is the best solution from delay standpoint (about 30% faster than delay-optimal repeaters). Not only do hybrid circuits consume less area, they are also a more acceptable solution from placement point of view due to fewer repeaters and a long segment of uninterrupted wire. Static power consumption inherited from differential current-sensing is the biggest drawback of the hybrid circuits.
The complexity of adding failsafe fault-tolerance

In this paper, we focus our attention on the problem of automating the addition of failsafe fault-tolerance where fault-tolerance is added to an existing (fault-intolerant) program. A failsafe fault-tolerant program satisfies its specification (including safety and liveness) in the absence of faults. And, in the presence of faults, it satisfies its safety specification. We present a somewhat unexpected result that, in general, the problem of adding failsafe fault-tolerance in distributed programs is NP-hard. Towards this end, we reduce the 3-SAT problem to the problem of adding failsafe fault-tolerance. We also identify a class of specifications, monotonic specifications and a class of programs, monotonic programs. Given a (positive) monotonic specification and a (negative) monotonic program, we show that failsafe fault-tolerance can be added in polynomial time. We note that the monotonicity restrictions are met for commonly encountered problems such as Byzantine agreement, distributed consensus, and atomic commitment. Finally, we argue that the restrictions on the specifications and programs are necessary to add failsafe fault-tolerance in polynomial time; we prove that if only one of these conditions is satisfied, the addition of failsafe fault-tolerance is still NP-hard.
Testing for white noise against locally stationary alternatives

Many real-world systems have dynamics that evolve over time, yet stationary models still remain a popular choice in empirical time series studies. In this work, I show that one reason for seemingly correct stationary fits is a very low power of classic white noise tests against locally varying dynamics. In particular, if autocorrelations change over time but on average equal zero, standard white noise tests cannot detect this deviation from the null hypothesis due to their fundamental design. Here I introduce a moving-window version of the Ljung–Box statistic with an asymptotic \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\chi^{2}$ \end{document} **image** distribution under the null and much larger power facing processes with time-varying autocorrelations. Simulations and a case study of tree-ring data demonstrate the importance of the new test for applied time series studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing power/ground plane decoupling performance using the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) simulation technique

Decoupling capacitors are used to provide a local source of charge for ICs requiring a significant amount of supply current in response to internal switching. If sufficient decoupling capacitors are not used, the required supply current is not available, and the device does not operate properly, and signal integrity data errors can result. In addition to the signal integrity requirement, decoupling capacitors serve as EMC filters to prevent high frequency RF signals from propagating throughout the PC board. This requires them to provide a low impedance across the frequencies of interest. PEEC (partial element equivalent circuit) has become a popular alternative to some of the more traditional modeling techniques. One of it's biggest advantages is the easy ability to add circuit elements into an electromagnetic simulator, making it a preferred choice for printed circuit board simulations which include lumped circuit elements, such as inductance, capacitance, and resistance. A number of examples of PEEC's usefulness in EMC modeling applications are presented.
The value of values

Purpose – The paper's aim is to provide insights into issues encountered in maintaining library technologies and electronic collections on a limited budget and with limited personnel.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses real‐world experiences and evidence from the body of literature to provide commentary on the importance of clearly defined missions and goals in an era of shrinking budgets and changing user expectations.Findings – Having a clearly defined library mission statement with underlying goals and outcomes is vital in this time of accountability and assessment in higher education. Librarians must be mindful of the need to connect the goals and outcomes to the overall institutional goals in order to provide measurable and meaningful value.Originality/value – The paper examines one library's struggle to establish an identity in an era where traditional methods of determining value are no longer suitable. The article uses dialogue from departmental meetings coupled with evidence from the lib...
Ultrashort pulse generation by Nd 3+ :glass and Nd 3+ :YAG lasers

By injecting single subnanosecond pulses into a latent ring-laser oscillator, it is possible to generate highly reproducible intense trains of short pulses from a solid-state laser. In this way, 12-psec pulses are available from a high-repetition-rate Nd3+:YAG laser, whereas Nd3+:phosphate glass reliably produces pulses of 3-cm−1 bandwidth.
Spatial Modeling and Classification of Corneal Shape

One of the most promising applications of data mining is in biomedical data used in patient diagnosis. Any method of data analysis intended to support the clinical decision-making process should meet several criteria: it should capture clinically relevant features, be computationally feasible, and provide easily interpretable results. In an initial study, we examined the feasibility of using Zernike polynomials to represent biomedical instrument data in conjunction with a decision tree classifier to distinguish between the diseased and non-diseased eyes. Here, we provide a comprehensive follow-up to that work, examining a second representation, pseudo-Zernike polynomials, to determine whether they provide any increase in classification accuracy. We compare the fidelity of both methods using residual root-mean-square (rms) error and evaluate accuracy using several classifiers: neural networks, C4.5 decision trees, Voting Feature Intervals, and Nainodotumlve Bayes. We also examine the effect of several meta-learning strategies: boosting, bagging, and Random Forests (RFs). We present results comparing accuracy as it relates to dataset and transformation resolution over a larger, more challenging, multi-class dataset. They show that classification accuracy is similar for both data transformations, but differs by classifier. We find that the Zernike polynomials provide better feature representation than the pseudo-Zernikes and that the decision trees yield the best balance of classification accuracy and interpretability
Evaluation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and American Urological Association Renal Cell Carcinoma Surveillance Guidelines

Purpose The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Urological Association (AUA) provide guidelines for surveillance after surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we assess the ability of the guidelines to capture RCC recurrences and determine the duration of surveillance required to capture 90%, 95%, and 100% of recurrences. Patients and Methods We evaluated 3,651 patients who underwent surgery for M0 RCC between 1970 and 2008. Patients were stratified as AUA low risk (pT1Nx-0) after partial (LR-partial) or radical nephrectomy (LR-radical) or as moderate/high risk (M/HR; pT2-4Nx-0/pTanyN1). Guidelines were assessed by calculating the percentage of recurrences detected when following the 2013 and 2014 NCCN and AUA recommendations, and associated Medicare costs were compared. Results At a median follow-up of 9.0 years (interquartile range, 5.7 to 14.4 years), a total of 1,088 patients (29.8%) experienced a recurrence. Of these, 390 recurrences (35.9%) were detected using 2013 NCCN...
The Size of Markets and the Scope of Firms

We contrast transactions in markets with those in firms and characterize the optimal numbers in each. Governance structures appear as equilibria and are compared in terms of production costs -- determined by a tradeoff between specialization and adaptation, -- and bargaining costs. Under natural conditions, employment or local markets weakly dominate all other equilibria. As local markets become smaller, the parties are better adapted to each other, but bargaining costs make it inefficient to be very small. As firms become larger, gains from specialization come at the cost of increasingly poor adaptation, ultimately bounding their scope.
Towards fenceless boundaries for solar powered insect biobots

Demonstration of remote navigation with instrumented insects, such as the Madagascar Hissing Cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa, has enabled the concept of biobotic agents for search and rescue missions and environmental monitoring applications. The biobots can form the nodes of a mobile sensor network to be established, for example, in unknown and dynamic environments after natural disasters to pinpoint surviving victims. We demonstrate here, for the first time, the concept of an invisible fence for insect biobots with an ultimate goal of keeping insect biobots within a certain distance of each other or a base station to ensure a reliable wireless network. For extended mission durations, this fenceless boundary would also be used to guide insects towards light sources for autonomous solar charging of their on-board batteries.
Antibacterial Action of an Enediol (Reductone)

Although the chemical properties of reductone have been extensively studied by von Euler and coworkers,1,2 the biological properties of this enediol have been the subject of only a few brief reports.3"5 Since the substance is readily prepared by heating glucose under alkaline conditions, reductone may well be produced in sugar-containing growth mediums that have been sterilized by heating. We have observed that tryptone broth (Difco) gives a strongly positive ortho-dinitrobenzene test6 after autoclaving, whereas this test for enediols is negative if the medium is sterilized by filtration. The sodium salt of reductone has been prepared by the method of von Euler and Martius1 and its effect on growth of microorganisms in broth and in synthetic mediums has been studied. We have found that low concentrations of reductone greatly increase the antibac-
Electrophoretic Similarities and Mating Compatibility Among Four Species of the Aedes (Stegomyia) Scutellaris Complex (Diptera: Culicidae)

The phylogenetic relationships among 4 species in the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris group— Aedes malayensis, Ae. alcasidi, Ae. polynesiensis , and Ae. kesseli —were examined using 5 strains from laboratory colonies and 1 strain obtained from the field in 1979. Certain of these strains were also used in hybridization tests to determine how accurately electrophoretic similarities reflected the relationships suggested by mating compatibility. The 2 methods of measuring genetic relatedness yielded similar patterns and both reflected well the systematics of the group as derived from morphological comparisons. Moreover, isozyme differences at 7 loci, including α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, and the 4 loci of hexokinases, separated the strains into 2 groups that also differed in their ability to serve as vectors of filariasis.
Minimal Evidence for a Secondary Loss of Strength After an Acute Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury. The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event. Literature searches were performed using eight electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library). Search terms included skeletal muscle AND (injur* OR damage*) AND (strength OR force OR torque). The extracted strength data were converted to a standard format by calculating the standardized mean difference, which is reported as the effect size (ES) along with its 95 % confidence interval (CI). The calculation of ES was designed so that a negative ES that was statistically less than zero would be interpreted as indicating a secondary loss of strength. A total of 223 studies with over 4000 human and animal subjects yielded data on 262 independent groups and a total of 936 separate ESs. Our overall meta-analysis yielded a small-to-medium, positive overall ES that was statistically greater than zero (overall ES = +0.34, 95 % CI 0.27–0.40; P < 0.00000001). Considerable variation in ES was observed among studies (I 2 = 86 %), which could be partially explained by the research group conducting the study, sex of the subject, day of post-injury strength assessment, whether fatigue was present immediately post-injury, and the muscle group injured. From the subgroup meta-analyses probing these variables, 36 subgroup ESs were calculated and none were statistically less than zero. Overall, our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury, and strongly suggest that strength, on average, recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury.
The ethics of dysfunctional professional relationships

Dr N, the chief surgeon at a large private hospital who has been practicing there for decades, has noted recent changes in the administration that are troubling. Multiple advertisements proclaim awards that have not been achieved and various ads employed actors pretending to be patients experiencing miracle cures. Pressures on medical staff to practice more efficiently have become overbearing. Changes in bundling Medicare postoperative care have raised questions about future patient selection. There is a lack of transparency with minimal physician input. The much respected chief-of-staff has moved into the administrative side and no longer advocates for the professionalism of the staff. When Dr N meets with the chief-of-staff and objects to these changes, the chief of staff calls Dr N a complainer and tells him to forget about it. Nothing is done.
Microsatellite analysis in FVB/N mice

The purpose of the study reported here was to identify, by size, a set of microsatellite markers for use in diagnostic genetic monitoring of FVB/N mouse colonies. A large panel of microsatellite markers were chosen on the basis oftheir high degree of allelic variability. These markers were then tested for their ability to amplify well under a standard set of polymerase chain reaction analysis conditions and to present an easily identifiable band on an agarose gel. From this panel, we chose at least one marker on each chromosome that amplified well under our standard high-throughput conditions. Using this approach, we identified the allele sizes for 27 microsatellite markers in the FVB/N strain of mice. Each autosomal chromosome and the X chromosome were analyzed using at least one locus marker. We have determined a precise size for FVB/N microsatellite alleles, as opposed to a description of size in relation to that of a known allele.
MECHANICS OF MICROPOLAR CONTINUA

The recent theory of micromorphic materials developed by Eringen and his coworkers is presented in a simpler form suitable for mathematical and experimental work. Microfluids and microelastic solids are explained. The concept of micropolar fluids and micropolar solids as special classes of micromorphic materials are presented. The thermodynamical restrictions on elasticity and viscosity coefficients are discussed. The field equations and boundary conditions are derived for both micropolar fluids and solid media. The solution is given for a channel flow of micropolar fluids which bring out some new and interesting physical phenomena not encountered in the classical theory of viscous fluids.
Assessments for the Practicing Clinician: Practical Tools

This chapter focuses on culturally or linguistically appropriate psychometric tools for the care of older adults, with a keen eye to presenting tools that have been successfully used and standardized, where possible, for ethnically diverse groups. Topics include assessment measures and various suggestions of cultural sensitivity in: cognitive/neuropsychological assessment, including dementia and delirium screening, depression, behavioral/functional assessment and pain screening (which should try to rule out abuse and neglect versus culturally appropriate practices), end of life (advance care directives), and spirituality. While research is sparse at best in ethnogeriatric assessment tools, it is hoped that this overview will prove beneficial to all care providers, caregivers, and family members of ethnogeriatric patients.
AML1-ETO9a, an Alternatively Spliced Form of AML1-ETO, Collaborates with AML1-ETO To Promote Leukemogenesis.

Abstract t(8;21) is a common chromosome translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML1-ETO is the fusion protein produced by t(8;21). Results from our work and others indicate that full length AML1-ETO is not leukemogenic and needs additional mutations to promote leukemia. Most recently, we have identified an alternatively spliced form of AML1-ETO, AML1-ETO9a, that lacks the C-terminal NHR3 and NHR4 domains of AML1-ETO. Here, we report that unlike the negative effect of full length AML1-ETO in cell cycle progression, AML1-ETO9a enhances cell proliferation by shortening G1 phase of cell cycle in the IL-3 dependent multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell line FDCPmix. Using retroviral mediated gene expression in murine hematopoietic cells and bone marrow transplantation in mice, we have demonstrated that AML1-ETO9a is highly leukemogenic. Most importantly, we show that AML1-ETO9a expression in transgenic MRP-8 AML1-ETO hematopoietic cells results in earlier onset of AML than AML1-ETO9a expression alone controls. Furthermore, the presence of full length AML1-ETO also alters the phenotype of leukemia progenitor cells from CD34- to CD34+. These results suggest that the alternatively spliced form AML1-ETO9a cooperates with full length AML1-ETO in leukemogenesis when coexpressed in t(8;21) patients.
Evolution of the 2015/16 El Niño and historical perspective since 1979

The 2015/16 El Nino developed from weak warm conditions in late 2014 and NINO3.4 reached 3oC in November 2015. We describe the characteristics of the evolution of the 2015/16 El Nino using various data sets including SST, surface winds, outgoing longwave radiation and subsurface temperature from an ensemble operational ocean reanalyses, and place this event in the context of historical ENSO events since 1979. One salient feature about the 2015/16 El Nino was a large number of westerly wind bursts and downwelling oceanic Kelvin waves (DWKVs). Four DWKVs were observed in April-November 2015 that initiated and enhanced the eastern-central Pacific warming. Eastward zonal current anomalies associated with DWKVs advected the warm pool water eastward in spring/summer. An upwelling Kelvin wave (UWKV) emerged in early November 2015 leading to a rapid decline of the event. Another outstanding feature was that NINO4 reached a historical high (1.7oC), which was 1oC (0.8oC) higher than that of the 1982/83 (1997/98) El Nino. Although NINO3 was comparable to that of the 1982/83 and 1997/98 El Nino, NINO1+2 was much weaker. Consistently, enhanced convection was displaced 20 degree westward, and the maximum D20 anomaly was about 1/3−1/2 of that in 1997 and 1982 near the west coast of South America.
Causal feature learning: an overview

Causal feature learning (CFL) (Chalupka et al., Proceedings of the Thirty-First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. AUAI Press, Edinburgh, pp 181–190, 2015) is a causal inference framework rooted in the language of causal graphical models (Pearl J, Reasoning and inference. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009; Spirtes et al., Causation, Prediction, and Search. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 2000), and computational mechanics (Shalizi, PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 2001). CFL is aimed at discovering high-level causal relations from low-level data, and at reducing the experimental effort to understand confounding among the high-level variables. We first review the scientific motivation for CFL, then present a detailed introduction to the framework, laying out the definitions and algorithmic steps. A simple example illustrates the techniques involved in the learning steps and provides visual intuition. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current framework and list a number of open problems.
Co-Delivery of Disease Associated Peptide and Rapamycin via Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. While 2.5 million people are affected by MS worldwide, there is no cure other than ameliorating the symptoms through broad immune suppression, which leads to side effects, including increased risks of infection and cancer development. Therefore, tolerance induction specific to disease-associated antigens serves as a promising alternative as it inhibits disease progression without sacrificing immune competence. In this study, the authors show the efficacy of acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) as a potential MS treatment. Ace-DEX MPs encapsulating ovalbumin (OVA) and the immunosuppressant rapamycin (Rapa) substantially inhibits the inflammation in OVA-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. When tested as a therapeutic treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the mouse model for MS, MPs containing Rapa, and disease-associated proteolipid protein (PLP) (Rapa/PLP/MPs) inhibits disease progression, lowers the clinical score, and suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interferon gamma, interleukin-17A, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in splenocytes isolated from treated mice. Rapa/PLP/MPs in vitro also promotes Foxp3 expression, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and dampens T cell proliferation, suggesting the differentiation of antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Together these data illustrate the promise of a MS treatment using a polymeric particulate delivery platform via the induction of antigen-specific T cell tolerance.
Investigating the Research Practices of Agriculture Scholars: Findings From the University of Florida

ABSTRACTThe University of Florida (UF) George A. Smathers Libraries is one of 19 institutions that participated in an Ithaka S+R Research Support Services investigation of agricultural sciences. The authors conducted a qualitative analysis of research support services based on one-on-one semistructured interviews with 15 faculty of the UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences in 2016. A number of core themes emerged from the analysis of research practices in the local study at UF. Core themes included finding appropriate literature, data management issues and tools, repositories for sharing research products, and research dissemination. This report summarizes a subset of these results, focusing on themes related to academic library services that support agricultural scholars research needs.
Relationships of Clinical and Computed Tomography-Imaged Adiposity with Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older African Americans.

Background Adiposity depots may differentially affect cognition. African Americans (AA) have higher rates of obesity and dementia but lower visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than whites, yet are underrepresented in studies of adiposity and cognition. Our study compared relations of cognitive function to clinical adiposity measures and computed tomography (CT)-imaged abdominal adiposity in AA. Methods CT-imaged subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT measurements were obtained in the AA cohort of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study (N = 652, mean age 68 ± 8.4 years, 74% females, 59% obese, 82% hypertensive). Clinical adiposity measures included waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Global cognition was operationalized as a global cognitive z-score generated from the average of four cognitive domain z-scores. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine cross-sectional associations between individual standardized adiposity measures and cognition, accounting for age, sex, education, smoking status, and familial clustering. A collective model was constructed including multiple supported adiposity measures and age-by-adiposity interactions. Results In the collective model, higher WC was associated with worse global cognition, β = -0.12 (95%CI: -0.21, -0.03); higher SAT was associated with better cognition, β = 0.09 (0.01, 0.18); higher BMI was associated with worse cognition at younger ages with attenuation at older ages (BMI-by-age-interaction p = .004). VAT was not significantly associated with global cognition, β = -0.03 (-0.07, 0.02). Conclusions WC may be the simplest and most efficient measure of adiposity to assess with respect to cognition in clinical settings, although studies to determine mechanistic effects of subcutaneous and other adiposity depots on cognition are warranted.
Anaerobic Induction of Lactate Dehydrogenase

Plant roots and seed tissues have the capacity for both lactate and ethanol glycolysis. Balanced operation of these two pyruvate utilizing pathways is required for plant survival during oxygen deprivation. According to the Davies-Roberts hypothesis, under low oxygen, pyruvate is initially metabolized to lactate resulting in cytoplasmic acidosis which appears to signal activation of ethanol glycolysis thereby minimizing further potentially toxic cytoplasmic acidosis. We have found that during several days of oxygen deprivation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the enzyme catalyzing pyruvate-lactate interconversion, increases in activity up to 20 fold in root and seed tissues; there are parallel rises in LDH protein synthesis and in the level of translatable LDH mRNA. In hypoxic induced root tissue, however, this increased capacity for lactate glycolysis is not accompanied by increased carbon flux to lactate. Collectively these results imply an as yet unrecognized functional significance for LDH during oxygen deprivation. Barley LDH has been purified to a single band on SDS-PAGE, Mr=40kD, by blue sepharose and oxamate-agarose affinity chromatography. Similar to other plant and animal LDH, barley LDH is a tetramer. Native PAGE resolves barley LDH into 5 closely spaced bands of similar staining activity.
Impacts of communication limits on convergence of distributed DCOPF with flexible transmission

This paper presents a fully-distributed DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) method that incorporates flexible transmission, and studies the impacts of communication limitations on the convergence properties of the proposed method. The distributed DCOPF algorithm iteratively solves the first order optimality conditions at each bus. To converge to the globally optimal solution, some information is communicated to the neighboring buses. While in an ideal case such data should be communicated at each iteration, commutation limitations are an inherent characteristic of real-world implementations. This paper divides the system into different areas, and puts communication constraints between different areas. While the information between buses within the same area is communicated at each iteration, the communication between neighboring areas occurs less frequently. This paper studies the impacts of this constraint on the convergence properties of the presented distributed DCOPF algorithm. Simulation studies on IEEE 118-bus system show that communication constraints affect both the number of iterations needed to reach convergence as well as the dynamics of solution evolution.
α-synuclein Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction through Spectrin and the Actin Cytoskeleton.

Summary Genetics and neuropathology strongly link α-synuclein aggregation and neurotoxicity to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related α-synucleinopathies. Here we describe a new Drosophila model of α-synucleinopathy based on widespread expression of wild-type human α-synuclein, which shows robust neurodegeneration, early-onset locomotor deficits, and abundant α-synuclein aggregation. We use results of forward genetic screening and genetic analysis in our new model to demonstrate that α-synuclein expression promotes reorganization of the actin filament network and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction through altered Drp1 localization. Similar changes are present in a mouse α-synucleinopathy model and in postmortem brain tissue from patients with α-synucleinopathy. Importantly, we provide evidence that the interaction of α-synuclein with spectrin initiates pathological alteration of the actin cytoskeleton and downstream neurotoxicity. These findings suggest new therapeutic approaches for α-synuclein induced neurodegeneration.
Turbulence-Kinetics Interaction in Recirculatory Flows

Turbulence-kinetics interaction in a premixed flame system is studied. New experimental data on a confined recirculatory flow configuration are examined and interpreted. Both the effects of turbulence on combustion and the influence of combustion on turbulence are discussed.
Research on Alumina Preparation from Aluminium Chloride Solution by Electrolysis Process

During the technology of extracting Al2O3 and other valuable elements in high-alumina fly ash by hydrochloric acid method, the process of AlCl3 transformed into Al2O3 has many problems, such as the long technological process and the large investment in equipment. In this paper, a new method of the direct-electricity conversion technology is proposed, for dealing with aluminium chloride solution. Namely, using the method of electrolysis and taking CO2 injection to improve the pH of solution, which make the aluminum precipitate in the form of carboaluminates. Then after roasting, Al2O3 can be acquired. The influences of the initial AlCl3 concentration and the composition of the solution in the cathode side of the cell on the electric conversion process have been studied and the roasting products have been characterized.
Culture, Artifacts, and Independent Africa: The Cultural Politics of Museums and Heritage

This chapter traces how, in the context of Western colonial knowledge cultures and regimes of value, certain objects from African material cultures were reinvented as art, and considers the impact of these changes on the development of museum and heritage cultures in postcolonial Africa, in which museums were seen both as subjects of, and tools for, cultural decolonization. African cultural institutions were confronted with the legacies of colonial regimes of value, but also with the physical legacies of colonial cultural infrastructures, in which large collections of what was now considered national heritage were located in the West. The chapter addresses the rising importance of international heritage and conservation regimes supported by organizations such as UNESCO, and their role in the negotiation of restitution claims.
The Social Life of Numbers: A Quechua Ontology of Numbers and Philosophy of Arithmetic. By Gary Urton (with the collaboration of Primitivo Nina Llanos)

(1999). The Social Life of Numbers: A Quechua Ontology of Numbers and Philosophy of Arithmetic. By Gary Urton (with the collaboration of Primitivo Nina Llanos) The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 3, pp. 275-279.
Measuring outcomes of digital technology-assisted nursing postpartum: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM To determine if delivering electronic messages from nurses during the first 6 months postpartum is feasible, acceptable and effective in improving mood and decreasing parenting stress. BACKGROUND Competing demands during the postpartum hospitalization make focused time for nurses to provide education and support difficult. Unmet needs following discharge may increase the incidence of postpartum depression. Untreated depression negatively affects families, especially for vulnerable women with limited access to health care. DESIGN This is a longitudinal cohort study in three phases. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed during Phases 1 & 2. Phase 3 is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three conditions. METHODS This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the maternity hospital on 12 May 2015 and reviewed annually. Women are enrolled during the maternity hospitalization, after which randomization occurs. The control group receives usual care. Intervention I participants receive a standardized electronic message four times/week for 6 months postpartum. Intervention II participants receive the messages and the option to request a call from a nurse. Electronic surveys at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum measure depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and parenting stress using the Parenting Stress Index-Short form. Patient satisfaction, nursing time and expertise required are also measured. DISCUSSION Phase 1 and 2 have demonstrated the intervention is feasible and acceptable to women. Phase 3 enrolment is completed, and the last follow-up surveys were emailed to participants in February 2018. Results will help inform efforts to continue nursing care after hospital discharge.
An Investigation of Conflicts Between Upper-Elementary Pair Programmers

Extensive prior research suggests that pair programming holds many benefits for novices. Pair programming has been well studied at the undergraduate level, and recently, the CS education research community has started to realize that younger learners may also benefit from pair programming. However, an important factor in pair programming success for young learners is the ability to resolve conflicts during the process. Little is known about what types of conflicts occur while elementary students pair program or how those conflicts are, or are not, resolved. To investigate this phenomenon, we analyzed the videos of six pairs of students completing a programming activity. We found that conflicts evolve in four general stages, which may not all be present in each conflict: initiation, escalation, de-escalation, and conclusion. Some conflicts are resolved when the students come to an agreement, others end passively. The analysis revealed that the pairs' conflicts began around disagreements about code, who should have control of the keyboard and mouse, and other interpersonal events. This research indicates that conflicts are a significant concern for young students, and supporting young learners in developing improved collaboration skills is a key direction for CS education research.
Social Cognition and the Aging Brain.

In their article, Boyle and colleagues reported that low scam awareness predicts incident cognitive impairment in a cohort of 935 older adults who started out free of either mild cognitive impairme...
Merging Structural and Process-related Approaches to the Study of Agreeableness: A Preregistered Replication and Extension Attempt

Agreeableness is one of the major domains included within prominent hierarchical models of personality like the Five-factor Model (FFM). (Low) agreeableness has shown to be the strongest correlate of a variety of antisocial behaviors relative to the other FFM domains. Though there is substantial evidence that (low) agreeableness is arguably the most important personality correlate of various antisocial behaviors, this evidence is descriptive and provides little information on the direction or processes underlying the relation. Process-related research has started to provide more insight into how agreeableness-related traits give rise to various antisocial and prosocial behaviors. The proposed study looks to first replicate previous research on some of the potential cognitive/emotional processes related to agreeableness, and then to conduct exploratory analyses to identify which, if any, of the empirically identified facets of agreeableness bear specific relations to the processes under study. Thus, the proposed project seeks to merge developments across important domains of personality research, structural research and process-based research, while also making use of open-science practices.
Faculty perspectives on student attendance in undergraduate medical education.

Background Lecture capture technology is widely available in undergraduate medical education and seems to impact class attendance. Further, there is limited understanding about faculty perceptions related to lecture capture and student attendance and how faculty advise students on issues of attendance in an environment where lecture capture is available and attendance is not required. Objective The purpose of the current study was to characterize faculty perceptions and preferences about student attendance, investigate faculty advising practices about attendance, and evaluate the potential impacts of low student attendance on faculty job satisfaction and teaching. Method A 15-min electronic survey was created and emailed to all on-campus teaching faculty at a medical school. The survey included demographic, close-ended (with Likert and Likert-like scales), and open-ended questions. Results All 35 faculty members were invited to participate in the survey, and 26 (77%) responded. Faculty advising practices on student attendance varied, but most faculty indicated they advised students to attend class if the student expressed loneliness. A majority (15/26, 58%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that student attendance indicated level of professionalism, and many (12/26, 46%) believed that lecture capture was an effective alternative to attending class. Most faculty (19/26, 73%) agreed or strongly agreed they felt more job satisfaction with higher student attendance. A majority (15/26, 58%) also agreed or strongly agreed they would prefer to incorporate active learning in large-group sessions when student attendance was mandatory. Conclusion Faculty member willingness to incorporate active-learning sessions and job satisfaction were influenced by student classroom attendance in the current study. Given the varied options for content delivery, these factors should be taken into account when institutions create attendance policies. These policies should balance the satisfaction of the faculty with the need to encourage autonomy and flexibility for the adult student learners.
Decoupling capacitor derating study under DC bias and cooling environment

Passive electronics devices, especial capacitor's capacitance will be changed under different working voltage and thermal condition, which is called derating or degrading. Comparing traditional DoE (Design on Experimental) method to study derating problem, using electrical thermal multiphysics simulation, is more accurate and efficient. In this paper, a simple printed PCB with decoupling capacitors will be simulated under several scenarios: DoE, normal condition(non-derating), derated by working voltage, and derated by working voltage and temperature condition. By comparing the power impedance and noise value under those scenarios, advantages of multiphysics simulation for capacitor's derating will be proved.
Is Blade Tenderization Still Needed for Inherently Tender Top Sirloin Steaks

ObjectivesAlthough blade tenderization has historically been used to enhance tenderness, it may create a food safety concern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if consumer satisfaction improves by blade tenderizing today’s inherently tender beef.Materials and MethodsPaired USDA Choice top sirloin butts (n = 20 total pieces) were collected from 10 carcasses representative of the typical carcass in today’s fed beef market. Carcasses from dairy-type cattle, Bos indicus-influenced cattle, and from cattle over 30 mo of age were not used. No selection preference was given to carcass sex class, weight, or presence or absence of black hide, but excessively heavy or light carcasses that would not yield a representative sample of what today’s consumers call an “average steak” were not selected. Subprimals were subjected to a 28-day refrigerated wet aging period before treatments were administered, with “d 0” defined as the day of carcass fabrication. Top sirloins from the left side of the carcass were blade tenderized once before portioning into steaks, whereas top sirloins from the right side of the carcass received no treatment and served as the control. Paired top sirloin butts were subjected to Warner-Bratzler Shear (WBS) force testing as a measure of objective tenderness. Consumer sensory evaluation was used to determine if consumer liking of tenderness, flavor, juiciness, and overall liking differed for steaks from blade tenderized (BT) subprimals versus those from non-blade tenderized (NBT) subprimals. Steaks were cut into fourths after cooking, with each sample (one-fourth of a steak) presented on a plate along with a metal steak knife and a plastic fork. This serving style allowed panelists to cut into the product, which sometimes influences consumer acceptability. Data were analyzed with paired t-tests using the matched pairs function of JMP (Version 12, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC), at an alpha of 5%.ResultsConsumers assigned BT steaks higher (P 0.05) were seen for juiciness liking ratings or WBS force values.ConclusionAlthough today’s beef is inherently tender, these data show that blade tenderization improved consumer sensory panel ratings for tenderness, flavor, and overall likeability for beef top sirloin steaks. Therefore, discontinuing the use of blade tenderization could result in less favorable consumer eating experiences.
Perceived Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Heating Sources Among Young Adult Waterpipe Tobacco Smokers

Background. Waterpipe tobacco smoking is associated with many negative health outcomes due to toxicants produced by heating the tobacco using charcoal or electrical heaters. Little is known about how young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers perceive harms of these heating sources. Aims. To examine young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers' perceived harms of electrical heaters and charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco. Method. This online cross-sectional study enrolled 18- to 32-year-olds who smoked waterpipe tobacco within the past 30 days. Participants completed measures assessing, for each heating source, amount and knowledge of toxicants released (e.g., carbon monoxide, cancer-causing chemicals), perceived safety, worry about inhaling toxicants, perceived health risk, desire to quit, and intention to smoke in the next month. Question order for knowledge of and perceived harms was counterbalanced for each heating source. Results. Analyses were based on responses from 199 participants. Perceived harms for both heating sources were average to low. Despite some question order effects, participants viewed charcoal as more harmful than electrical heaters. Participants knew more about chemicals released from charcoal than electrical heaters. Greater knowledge of chemicals released by both heating sources correlated positively with perceived harms. Perceived harms were associated with a stronger desire to quit, yet unrelated with likelihood of smoking waterpipe during the next month. Discussion. Many young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers view charcoal as more harmful than electrical heaters, although knowledge about harms for each heating source is poor. Conclusion. Interventions are needed to inform the public about harms of waterpipe heating sources in order to curb use.