cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A39: Viral response markers in immune-competent solid tumors by immunohistochemistry

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade remarkably provides durable clinical response in solid tumors and immunohistochemistry (IHC) measures are current companion diagnostics. Currently four (4) IHC companion diagnostics of Programed Death Ligand (PD-L1) are components of FDA approved clinical trials. The marked clinical responses seen in checkpoint inhibition outpace basic science advances. Our previous reports of interferon mediated viral response against dsRNA intermediates, namely in colon and bladder cancer, have examined the role of global demethylation (5-AZA) and combination therapies. Materials and Methods: Cell lines HCT116 (colon) and T24 (bladder) were treated with single and combination therapy o f 5-AZA and Vitamin C were formalin fixed and processed for IHC staining for Ki67, MHL1 and markers of viral response: dsRNA markers (K1, J2), interferon activation (RIG I, MDA5, IFIT1, IFI27, IRF7, IRF9, and pSTAT1. Immune related markers included CD4, CD8, CD68, CD163 and PD-L1 (clone SP263). TMA sections were stained by automated immunostainers to include a subset of patient-matched whole sections. IHC staining documented for protein abundance (intensity 0-3) and cellular localization (nuclear, cytoplasmic, membranous) Results: Colon cell line experiments confirmed viral response activation with correlative staining of dsRNA antibodies with viral response markers RIG1, MDA5, IFIT1, IFI27, IRF7 and pSTAT1 with robust staining in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues with the exception of IFI27 and RIG1. Immune and macrophage markers CD8, CD4, CD68, and CD163 showed variable correlation with viral response markers and PD-L1 staining heterogeneous and most prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (34%). Of 3 MMR deficient colon cancers, 2 stained positive for PD-L1. MDA5 staining was present in tumor and stroma but stronger peri-tumoral suggesting relation to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. TMA cores and corresponding whole sections with co-expressed PD-L1 and MDA5 showed marked diminished CD8 staining as verified by nuclear quantitative algorithm. Summary: Here we evaluate the viral response phenotype via global demethylation in solid tumors with emphasis on colon and bladder cancer. lung and breast cancer. IHC methods in cell lines and FFPE clinical tissues provide a robust strategy to link viral and immune response in clinical tissue samples and provides glimpses of viral and immune pathways that might better elucidate tumor biology and thereby predict tumor response to drug regimens that include checkpoint inhibitors. Citation Format: Galen Hostetter, Liu Minmin, Marie Mustert, Bree Berghuis, Lisa Turner, Peter Jones, Steve Baylin, Scott Jewell, Lorenzo Sempere. Viral response markers in immune-competent solid tumors by immunohistochemistry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A39.
Design and manufacturing of a miniature pneumatic actuator for a bat robot

There have been many pneumatic actuator designs created over the past several years. One such design consists of multiple, completely separated air cells that when pressurized, expand and push off one another causing the actuator to bend. With this chamber design, the actuator requires a small change in volume to deform, effectively leading to improved reliability and increased actuation speed. Other design characteristics such as cross section geometry, inner/outer wall thickness ratio, distance between cells, cell height, and material selection can be modified to optimize the actuator’s performance. Incorporating this design into the bat robot allowed for greater soft robotic ear deformation, however it is too large for this application. To see if it was possible to reduce the size of the actuator while maintaining its functionality, several adjustments were iteratively made to previously described mold designs. Manufacturing remained a two-step process, but removable side walls and a filter-ventilation system were added to allow for the silicone, used to cast the actuator, to fully cure. Ultimately, the actuator produced maintained its expected functionality and was produced at a smaller scale than originally thought possible.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Postcardiac Arrest Targeted Temperature Management Outcomes

Objectives To evaluate racial and ethnic disparities in postcardiac arrest outcomes in patients undergoing targeted temperature management. Design Retrospective study. Setting ICUs in a single tertiary care hospital. Patients Three-hundred sixty-seven patients undergoing postcardiac arrest targeted temperature management, including continuous electroencephalogram monitoring. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Clinical variables examined in our clinical cohort included race/ethnicity, age, time to return of spontaneous circulation, cardiac rhythm at time of arrest, insurance status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and time to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. CT at admission and continuous electroencephalogram monitoring during the first 24 hours were used as markers of early injury. Outcome was assessed as good (Cerebral Performance Category 1-2) versus poor (Cerebral Performance Category 3-5) at hospital discharge. White non-Hispanic ("White") patients were more likely to have good outcomes than white Hispanic/nonwhite ("Non-white") patients (34.4 vs 21.7%; p = 0.015). In a multivariate model that included age, time to return of spontaneous circulation, initial rhythm, combined electroencephalogram/CT findings, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and insurance status, race/ethnicity was still independently associated with poor outcome (odds ratio, 3.32; p = 0.003). Comorbidities were lower in white patients but did not fully explain outcomes differences. Nonwhite patients were more likely to exhibit signs of early severe anoxic changes on CT or electroencephalogram, higher creatinine levels and receive dialysis, but had longer duration to withdrawal of lifesustaining therapy. There was no significant difference in catheterizations or MRI scans. Subgroup analysis performed with patients without early electroencephalogram or CT changes still revealed better outcome in white patients. Conclusions Racial/ethnic disparity in outcome persists despite a strictly protocoled targeted temperature management. Nonwhite patients are more likely to arrive with more severe anoxic brain injury, but this does not account for all the disparity.
Inter-professional Education: A Pilot for Future Collaboration

Inter-professional education (IPE) has become an integral pedagogy within the St. John9s University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Department of Clinical Health Professions. An interprofessional case study activity was developed and incorporated into the Clinical Laboratory Sciences (CLS) and Physician Assistant (PA) programs. A pneumonia case involving aspects of patient care relevant to both programs was created. In order not to interfere with courses currently in progress for both programs, the event occurred during lunch hour and both programs asked for student volunteers. Ten students in total participated. Students worked together to better understand each other9s role in diagnosing the patient, emphasizing team practice. PA students illustrated techniques in history and physical examination. CLS students then led the PA students into a mock lab and shared examples of pneumococcal plating and microscopic isolation for diagnosis confirmation. At the conclusion of the event, students evaluated their experience. Utilizing Role Perception Questionnaires, CLS and PA students indicated greater perceived value for one another9s profession at activity completion. Evaluations indicated that students felt this was a worthwhile experience and that they learned a lot about each other9s role in patient care. They also indicated that they would like to have similar programs in the future.
A comprehensive review of hydrogel performance under CO2 conditions for conformance control

Abstract Hydrogels with different compositions have been designed to improve CO2 sweep efficiency and to reduce excessive CO2 production by reducing reservoir heterogeneity. The hydrogels that have been applied in CO2 flooding can be classified into three major types: in-situ gel, foamed gel, and preformed particle gel. The polymerization of monomer gel happens in the reservoirs; however, the monomer gels were replaced by cost-effective polymer gels due to economic and environmental concerns. Conventional polymer gels include metallically crosslinked PAM gel, organically crosslinked PAM gel and biopolymer gel. The most commonly used polymer gel in the CO2 flooding fields is the HPAM/Cr(III) polymer gel. A variety of hydrogels were applied in the CO2 flooding fields; however, the field application results are mixed. In order to improve the hydrogel performance under the CO2 condition, some novel gels were developed in the laboratories. The primary purpose of this study is to review hydrogel performance under the CO2 condition and provide recommendations for future gel development for CO2 flooding.
Military Sexual Trauma and Risky Behaviors: A Systematic Review:

Introduction:Military sexual trauma (MST) is a serious and pervasive problem among military men and women. Recent findings have linked MST with various negative outcomes including risky, self-destr...
Vaping-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage – A case report

Abstract “Vaping” is a rapidly growing habit seen worldwide, especially amongst the younger population. Several aspects of vaping have made it more appealing than cigarettes and have lead to the conversion of many smokers. Appeal resides in the belief that it is a healthier alternative to cigarettes. It also has the ability to interchange flavors and type of oil used. The focus of advertisement for vaporized products is its use as a smoking cessation aid. Systematic reviews have failed to display evidence of harmful processes other than exposure to nicotine (Bullen et al., 2013; Burstyn, 2013) [1,2]. We report a clinical case of a woman who suffered diffuse alveolar hemorrhage correlated with e-cigarette usage due to history and negative findings of extensive rheumatologic and infectious disease workup. Her presentation, clinical course, and effective therapy are outlined here.
Lithium Niobate Resonant Photoelastic Modulator for Time-of-Flight Imaging

We demonstrate the working principle of a lithium niobate resonant photoelastic modulator. The optomechanical device can be integrated with a standard image sensor to convert it into a time-of-flight imaging system.
A New Pricing Model for Next Generation SpectrumAccess

This paper focuses on spectrum management in next generation of cellular networks. Several concepts are introduced that are central to the design of spectrum management algorithms. A practically realizable candidate algorithm for spectrum pricing is introduced based on pricing models and economic concepts. A peak-load pricing scheme with combinatorial auctions is suggested. Peak-load pricing raises prices when the demand for a service is at its highest. The winners of these auctions will be decided by a winner determination algorithm. Further investigation is conducted, testing the results.
Implementing synchronous reactive components upon multiprocessor platforms

Abstract Model-based design methodologies based on the synchrony assumption are widely used in many safety-critical application domains. The synchrony assumption asserts that actions (such as the execution of code) occur instantaneously; however, physical platforms obviously do not possess this property. This paper considers a scheduling problem that arises when one seeks to implement programs that are written under the synchrony assumption upon actual multiprocessor platforms, and proposes algorithms for solving this problem exactly and approximately.
Teaching Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium using Population-Level Punnett Squares: Facilitating Calculation for Students with Math Anxiety.

The effectiveness of teaching Punnett squares as a calculation aid for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with a quasi-experimental design was tested. On its own, this aid may allow for increased calculati...
Detection and localization of near infrared lasers from atmospheric laser scattering

The identification and localization of laser threats in a free-space channel is an increasingly important capability as active laser sensors become more widely used in civilian and military applications. Early identification of a laser source requires o-axis detection of laser light scattered out of the optical channel by molecules and aerosols in the free-space channel. In this work we report on the development of a sensor system for the o-axis detection of scattered laser light from a non-cooperative laser source. An image processing approach to the detection and localization of a laser in a scene is presented. The performance of the sensor system is quantified with experiments performed inside the laboratory and in realistic daylight background conditions.
Enantioseparation and racemization of α-aryl-α-fluoroacetonitriles

The 2-Aryl-2-fluoroacetonitriles have garnered increasing interest as versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis. However, the configurational stability of these organofluorines is poorly understood and analytical methods that can be used to differentiate between their enantiomers remain underdeveloped. In this study, baseline high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation of ten 2-aryl-2-fluoroacetonitriles was achieved by screening frequently used chiral stationary phases. While Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AD, and Chiralpak AS proved to be most broadly useful, preparative separation of the enantiomers of 2-(2-naphthyl)-2-fluoroacetonitrile was possible on Chiralcel OJ. This enabled racemization studies at various temperatures and in the presence of organic bases which showed that this compound is configurationally stable under neutral conditions upon heating to 130°C for 6 h but undergoes complete racemization within 10 h in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of a guanidine base at room temperature. The racemization is likely to proceed via formation of an achiral keteniminate intermediate and obeys reversible first-order reaction kinetics with a half-life time of 87.7 min in ethanolic hexanes at 23.2°C. Racemization is significantly slower and occurs with a half-life time of 23.1 h at 22.4°C when the guanidine is replaced with a weaker amidine base.
Establishment of Amblyomma americanum populations and new records of Borrelia burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis in South Dakota

Tick-borne diseases are an emerging public health threat in the United States, but surveillance is lacking in some regions. To advance current knowledge of the ecology of ticks and tick-borne diseases in South Dakota, we conducted a survey in the summer of 2019, focusing on the eastern counties of the state. We collected and identified 266 ticks and a subset were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dermacentor variabilis, a ubiquitous species in the state, was the most commonly identified tick, present in all counties surveyed. However, we also identified 15 Amblyomma americanum from three different locations, providing the first evidence of established populations in the state and expanding the range of this species. In addition, we identified 22 Ixodes scapularis from five different locations, confirming a previous report of an established population in the state. Two adult I. scapularis from two different sites were found to harbor B. burgdorferi, including an individual from Lincoln County, suggesting the ongoing presence of the pathogen in tick populations in the state and representing its southwestern-most detection in the midwest United States. These findings provide important information for assessing and monitoring the public health risk from tick-borne diseases in an area where surveillance is lacking.
¡Presente!: Affirming Latinx voices within health sciences library scholarship

Increasing diverse author representation within medical librarianship scholarship among BIPOC information professionals is an important endeavor that requires closer examination. This commentary looks to examine the ways in which the profession can support Latinx librarians and library workers in fully participating within the scholarly pipeline by exploring our unique and authentic voices, structural barriers, hesitation and fears, Whiteness in the profession and knowledge production, bias in the peer review process, lack of resources and support, and finally, a call to action.
Power over the Body, Equality in the Family: Rights and Domestic Relations in Medieval Canon Law

The term "conjugal rights" has long characterized ways of speaking about marriage both in the canonistic tradition and in the secular legal systems of the West. This book explores the origins and dimensions of this concept and the range of meanings that have attached to it from the twelfth century to the present. Employing far-ranging sources, Charles Reid Jr. examines the language of marriage in classical Roman law, the Germanic legal codes of early medieval Europe, and the writings of canon lawyers and theologians from the medieval and early modern periods. The heart of the book, however, consists of the writings of the canonists of the High Middle Ages, especially the works of Hostiensis, Bernard of Parma, Innocent IV, and Raymond de Pe afort. Reid's incisive survey provides a new understanding of subjects such as the right of parties to marry free of parental coercion, the nature of "paternal power," the place of bodies in the marriage contract, the meaning and implications of gender equality, and the right of inheritance."
Cellular and Subcellular Distribution of H-2 Antigens

The presence or absence of H-2 antigens on various tissues and organs of the body can be determined by transplantation and serological methods. Using transplantation methods, the antigens can be detected in three basic ways. One way is to transplant a tissue across the H-2 barrier in a congenic line; rejection indicates that H-2 antigens are present in that tissue. Another way is to inject cells or cell extracts from the tested tissue into a mouse, and then challenge the same recipient with an indicator graft; accelerated rejection of the graft signals the presence of H antigens in the sensitizing tissue. The third way is to use the tested tissue for induction of immunological tolerance in newborn animals and to determine the presence of tolerance by transplantation of adult animals with indicator grafts; prolonged survival of the grafts indicates their sharing of H antigens with the tolerance-inducing tissue.
Use of integer programming to optimize the scheduling of panels at annual meetings of the Public Choice Society

Preparation for the annual meetings of an organization such asthe Public Choice Society involves scheduling various panels(sessions) in the available time slots. No person can bescheduled for more than one panel in the same time slot. Eachpanel belongs to a specific subject area; one tries to spreadthe panels in each area among the time slots as evenly aspossible. We develop an integer-programming model to produce aschedule that maximizes the evenness subject to theconstraints. We successfully applied the modelretrospectively, as a test case, to schedule the 2001 annualmeetings of the society.
TESTING HOMOGENEITY WITH AN ORDERED ALTERNATIVE IN A TWO-FACTOR LAYOUT BY COMBINING p-VALUES*

Two-factor experiments in which both factors are ordinal are considered. If it is believedapriori that the mean response is nondecreasing in each factor with the other held fixed, then one may test for a treatment effect by testing homogeneity with the appropriate ordered alternative. The likelihood ratio test has been developed in the literature, but the level probabilities needed to implement the test have only been determined in a few special cases by Monte Carlo techniques. A test obtained by combining thep-values from a test concerning the rows and a test concerning the columns is studied. Fisher's method of combiningp-values is recommended. It is shown that the likelihood ratio test is more powerful, but if one does not want to obtain Monte Carlo estimates of the level probabilities, then the procedure proposed here should be considered.
Protein dynamics at the kinetochore: cell cycle regulation of the metaphase to anaphase transition

The spindle checkpoint blocks the initiation of anaphase in mitosis and meiosis if chromosomes are not aligned at the metaphase plate. The checkpoint functions by preventing a ubiquitin ligase called the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) from ubiquitinylating proteins whose destruction is required for anaphase onset. The spindle checkpoint signal originates at the kinetochores of unaligned chromosomes and is broadcast to the rest of the cell. Although the spindle checkpoint is not understood in detail, several components of the checkpoint-signaling pathway have been identified. Many of these components associate transiently with the kinetochores of unaligned chromosomes. We propose a model in which kinetochores that lack stable attachments to the spindle microtubules serve as catalytic staging areas for the assembly of inhibitor complexes. These inhibitor complexes then leave the kinetochores and block activity of the APC/C throughout the cell. We suggest that microtubule occupancy at kinetocho...
Estimating the Motion of the LAD: A Simulation-Based Study

In this paper, we present a simulation-based study of a motion analysis technique designed to intra-operatively estimate the motion parameters of the LAD coronary artery from endoscopic images.
Reconfiguring Administrative Geographies In The United States

Some of the most significant social, political, ethical, and economic implications of GIS-based technologies show themselves in changing modes of governance. Administrative geographies in the United States, with some peculiarities resulting from their historical development, are analyzed in this paper as boundary objects that loosely organize local practices. Boundary objects bring together technologies, people, institutions, programs, and policies in an infrastructure that simultaneously enables and constrains governance. The introduction of geo-spatial technologies destabilizes the existing local infrastructure, but only temporally. A process of re-stabilization usually follows that involves the modification and creation of boundary objects to fit the changed social and political relationships. This paper looks in particular at the impacts arising from the implementation of geo-spatial technologies in US local governments and conflicts between neighboring governmental bodies. This research suggests that the stability of administrative boundaries helps veil sweeping changes to governance. This paper examines how geo-spatial technologies are intrinsic to these changes in several United States’ local governments. The struggles surrounding the reconfiguration of administrative geographies reflect the growing significance of neo-liberal governance strategies and their use of technologies in the United States.
Waveforms and signal processing for high-accuracy microwave metrology

In this paper, the waveforms and signal processing for a high-accuracy X-Band microwave ranging system that enables a non-cooperative, open-loop coherent distributed radio frequency transmission system are presented. This sub-centimeter-accurate ranging system leverages a Two-Tone Continuous Wave (TTCW) signal as opposed to the conventional Linear-Frequency Modulated (LFM) waveform for ranging. Measurements for the TTCW are shown to achieve better accuracies than a LFM waveform given the same bandwidth and signal to noise ratio.
Mechanical characterization of fourth generation composite humerus

Mechanical data on upper extremity surrogate bones, supporting use as biomechanical tools, is limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the structural behaviour of the fourth-generat...
Synthesis and transport properties of Ca3Cu2O4Cl2

Abstract Synthesis, electrical, and magnetic properties of semiconducting Ca3Cu2O4Cl2 with a perovskite-related structure are reported. Synthetic conditions required for the formation of single phase polycrystalline Ca3Cu2O4Cl2 were determined. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the body-centered-tetragonal ( I 4 mmm ) structure as proposed earlier. Differential thermal studies in air indicate incongruent melting at 960°C. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity measurements carried out in O2 and He atmospheres respectively in the range 20 – 600°C show semiconducting behavior regardless of the atmosphere, although the conductivity is higher by at least two orders of magnitude in oxygen atmosphere. No evidence for magnetic order is seen in the susceptibility measurements down to 2 K.
Review of Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys by Philip M. Bromberg

The current paradigm shift in psychoanalysis and related sciences is generating more powerful models of psychopathogenesis and treatment. Toward that end, in Awakening the Dreamer Philip Bromberg masterfully integrates psychoanalytic, developmental, trauma, and neurobiological data to explore the bottom-line defense of dissociation. In this review I offer a neuropsychoanalytic perspective of the origin of pathological dissociation, focusing on the enduring impact of this early defense against attachment trauma and its growth inhibiting impact on the development of the biological substrate of the human unconscious, the right brain. Patients with a history of abuse or neglect frequently access pathological dissociation in response to relational stressors to block the emotional pain that accompanies overwhelming affective states. And yet there is a cost. The characterological use of this affect regulating strategy induces a failure of integration of the higher right hemisphere with the lower right brain, the...
A regional agricultural survey using small-scale aerial photography

Abstract Tests of the feasibility of performing operational agricultural inventories using small-scale aerial and space photography were carried out in the Phoenix, Arizona, area (U.S.A.). Using Aerial Ektachrome MS (2448) photography at the scale of 1:120,000 taken in the months of May and June, county-wide surveys of barley and wheat acreage were performed with acceptable accuracies much more rapidly than is possible using currently operational enumerative methods.
Advertising: Stimulant or Suppressant of Online Word of Mouth?

Abstract Word of mouth by consumers is attracting increased attention from marketing scholars because of findings that it can affect brand perceptions and sales. There is limited empirical research, however, on the stimulants of consumer word of mouth. An assumption in the literature has been that increased advertising can also stimulate consumer word of mouth and, hence, complement the effects of advertising. We present arguments for why increased advertising may be associated with reductions in online word of mouth. We empirically test this possibility on online word of mouth in the auto industry. Our results suggest that increased advertising can, indeed, be associated with reductions in online consumer word of mouth.
Nursing Management of the Patient with a Gastro-Intestinal Fistula

Abstract Patients with a gastro-intestinal fistula present an enormous challenge to nursing staff. This paper discusses the aims of nursing care and a practical cost-effective framework for management.
Exclusive neutral strange particle production from double Pomeron exchange produced by proton-proton interactions at radical s = 62 GeV

Data are presented for the first time on exclusive Pomeron-Pomeron interactions which produce a neutral strange and neutral antistrange particle pair in a central system X. In this paper, the system, X, is identified as one of the following neutral combinations; K{sub s}{sup 0}K{sub s}{sup 0}, K{sub s}{sup 0}K{sup {plus minus}}{pi}{sup {minus plus}}, {Lambda}{sup 0}{bar {Lambda}}{sup 0}, {Lambda}{sup 0}{bar {Lambda}}{sup 0}*. These data were obtained in proton-proton collisions at {radical}s = 62 GeV at the CERN ISR. The triggering systems used to obtain these data are described, followed by a description of the data. The central system mass distributions are presented along with differential mass cross section estimates. A broad enhancement is seen in the K{sub s}{sup 0}K{sub s}{sup 0} system at a mass of 1.2 GeV, and is likely to have the quantum numbers J{sup PC} = 0{sup ++}. Total cross section estimates of 1.3 {plus minus} .64 {mu}b in the K{sub 2}{sup 0}K{sub s}{sup 0} system, . 44 {plus minus} .14 {mu}b in the K{sub s}{sup 0}K{sup {plus minus}}{pi}{sup {minus plus}} system, .20 {plus minus} .14 {mu}b in the {Lambda}{sup 0}{bar {Lambda}}{sup 0} system, and .13 {plus minus} .06 {mu}b in the {Lambda}{sup 0}{bar {Lambda}}{sup 0}* system are obtained.
Relative Values of Oxygen, Nitrate, and Sulfate to Terminal Microbial Processes in the Sediments of Lake Superior

The vertical distributions of the terminal electron acceptors oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate, and the rates of associated microbial processes (aerobic respiration, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) were determined in sediment core samples retrieved from Lake Superior with the Johnson Sea Link II. Direct measurements with microelectrodes showed the penetration depth of oxygen into the sediment was 8 to 24 mm, while the depth distribution of nitrate varied greatly among the sampled sites. Based on our process rate measurements, oxygen supported respiration accounted for at least 94% of the carbon metabolism in these sediments, with the remainder being processed largely through denitrification. Sulfate reduction was found to be an insignificant process.
Design and Control of a 3-D Wearable Cobot

Cobots are specially designed robots that use continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) instead of traditional motor driven joints. With a cobot, the human experiences haptic effects through physical contact with the cobot’s end-effector. Safety is maintained through shared human-cobot control where the cobot velocity vector is split into 1) a speed that is proportional to the human’s input power and 2) a direction that is determined by the CVTs. We believe that cobots are an attractive choice for telerobotic master controllers because they are safe in contact with humans and are able to produce stable high quality virtual surfaces that can constrain the motion of the master to directions suitable for telerobotic task completion. This paper presents the design and control of a 3-D arm-wearable cobot for telerobotic operation. In our design a master cobot attaches to the user’s arm so that the user’s natural arm motions can be sensed and transmitted as the control signals for the slave robot. Furthermore, since the wearable arm is a cobot, virtual motion constraints may be safely placed on the master. Herein we describe the design of the wearable arm cobot and introduce a novel power assist mode, which makes it possible to control the cobot’s position relative inertia. The effectiveness of this control mode is investigated using simulations.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Maternal input and lexical development: the case of deaf pre-schoolers.

Background: Mothers facilitate their young hearing children's word learning by making reference explicit for novel words through physical designation (e.g., with deictic gestures) and by isolating words in simple syntactic frames. As children's language skills develop, such modifications decrease. Less is known about hearing mothers' support to their language‐delayed deaf children.Aims: The current study investigated whether hearing mothers tailored their input to suit their deaf children's word‐learning ability as well as their children's word knowledge.Methods & Procedures: Maternal input to 25 oral deaf children was examined. Word‐learning ability was assessed in an experimental task that tested the children's ability to novel map (i.e., infer that a novel word refers to a novel object without physical designation). Word knowledge was assessed by maternal report.Outcome & Results: Mothers whose children did not infer word meaning through novel mapping made meaning more explicit than mothers of children...
RF Cavities with Transversely Biased Ferrite Tuning

Earley et al.1 suggested that ferrite tuned rf cavities have lower ferrite power dissipation if the ferrite bias field is perpendicular rather than parallel to the rf magnetic field. A 50-84 MHz cavity has been constructed in which ferrite can be biased either way. Low power measurements of six microwave ferrites show that the magnetic Q's of these ferrites under perpendicular bias are much higher than under parallel bias, and that the high Q region extends over a much wider range of rf permeability. TDK Y-5 ferrite was found to have a magnetic Q of 10,800, 4,800, 1,200 and 129 at rf permeabilities of 1.2, 2.4, 3.7 and 4.5, respectively. Measurements of perpendicularly biased ferrite at various power levels were made in a coaxial line cavity. The Q of Y-5 ferrite was found to decrease by less than a factor of 2 as the power density in the ferrite was increased to 1.3 W/cm3 . A cavity design for a 6 GeV, high current, rapid cycling synchrotron using transversely biased ferrite tuning is described.
Prophylactic antivirals may be helpful in prevention of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in myeloma, but are they safe?

Purpose. Retrospective analysis of two recent multiple myeloma (MM) clinical trials suggested that the use of bortezomib may be associated with an increased incidence of herpes zoster infections. T...
Collagen fistula plug for the treatment of anal fistulas.

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the Surgisis® (Anal Fistula Plug™) in multiple patients at our institution and present early clinical results along with notable clinical observations from our experience. This was a prospective analysis of all patients who received the Anal Fistula Plug™ for treatment of anorectal fistulas between April 2006 and February 2007. All tracts were irrigated with peroxide, the plug was inserted in the tract, and buried at the internal opening with 2-0 vicryl and mucosal advancement flap. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher’s exact test. Forty-five patients were treated with the Anal Fistula Plug™ and one patient was lost to follow-up. There were 27 males and 17 females with average age of 44.1 years treated for simple (n = 24) or complex (n = 20) fistulas. Preliminary results indicated an 84 percent healing rate by 3 to 8 weeks postoperatively, which progressively declined from 72.7 percent at 8 weeks to 62.4 percent at 12 weeks and 54.6 percent at a median follow-up of 6.5 (range, 3–13) months. Long-term Anal Fistula Plug™ closure rate was significantly higher in patients with simple than complex fistulas (70.8 vs. 35 percent; P < 0.02) and with non-Crohn’s disease vs. Crohn’s disease (66.7 vs. 26.6 percent; P < 0.02). Patients with two successive plug placements had significantly lower closure rates than patients who underwent placement of the plug once (12.5 vs. 63.9 percent; P < 0.02). No significant difference in closure rates were found between patients with one vs. multiple fistula tracts. Postoperative complications included perianal abscess in five patients (3 Crohn’s disease, 2 non-Crohn’s disease). Anal Fistula Plug™ is most successful in the treatment of simple anorectal fistulas but is associated with a high failure rate in complex fistula and particularly in patients with Crohn’s disease. Repeat plug placement is associated with increased failure. Given the relatively low morbidity associated with the procedure, Anal Fistula Plug™ should be considered as a first-line treatment for patients with simple fistulas and as an alternative in selected patients with complex fistulas.
Simmonds' Disease: Report of Two Cases Caused by Intracranial Tumors

Between 1914, when Simmonds first suggested that the clinical syndrome now named for him is the result of severe hypofunction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary, and 1940, when EsCamilla and Lisser (1) reviewed the literature and their own practice, 595 cases have been diagnosed Simmonds disease. Of these, only 101 were proved by necropsy. Although many of the other cases seemed typical clinically, analysis of the reported data led these authors to suspect that they were really examples of anorexia nervosa (1). The latter condition, they and others (2, 3), have considered most difficult to differentiate from hypopituitarism. Indeed, a chief purpose of their extensive review (1) was to establish criteria for differential diagnosis. In this connection, Case 1 is interesting, as at first the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa seemed well established. Stephens (4) has recently pointed out that the sodium deprivation regimen described by Cutler, Power, and Wilder (5) as a test for Addison's disease can be useful...
Tracheal gas insufflation during CPAP reduces volume and breathing effort in an animal model of acute injury

Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) during CPAP on gas exchange, ventilation and effort of breathing in sheep with lung injury following injection of oleic acid (OA).
Asymmetric coordination polymerization of acrylamides by enantiomeric metallocenium ester enolate catalysts.

Optically active, rigid one-handed helical poly(N,N-diaryl acrylamide)s and their copolymers with the randomly coiled methacrylate blocks were synthesized using the asymmetric coordination polymerization rendered by enantiomeric ansa-zirconocenium ester enolate catalysts under ambient conditions.
Matrices over rings of algebraic integers

Abstract For matrices with algebraic integer entries, this paper studies: (i) completions with prescribed determinant, (ii) the Hermite triangular form, (iii) the Schur triangular form, (iv) the Smith diagonal form, and (v) links connecting eigenvalues and Smith invariants.
Synthetic Protocells Interact with Viral Nanomachinery and Inactivate Pathogenic Human Virus

We present a new antiviral strategy and research tool that could be applied to a wide range of enveloped viruses that infect human beings via membrane fusion. We test this strategy on two emerging zoonotic henipaviruses that cause fatal encephalitis in humans, Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. In the new approach, artificial cell-like particles (protocells) presenting membrane receptors in a biomimetic manner were developed and found to attract and inactivate henipavirus envelope glycoprotein pseudovirus particles, preventing infection. The protocells do not accumulate virus during the inactivation process. The use of protocells that interact with, but do not accumulate, viruses may provide significant advantages over current antiviral drugs, and this general approach may have wide potential for antiviral development.
Efficacy of diclofenac sodium solution in reducing discomfort after cataract surgery

Abstract Two hundred consecutive patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic®) in reducing patient discomfort after cataract surgery. Other factors evaluated were the effect of preoperative flurbiprofen (Ocufen®) in preventing intraoperative miosis and on postoperative discomfort and the effect of incision size and intraocular carbachol (Miostat®) on postoperative comfort. Diclofenac significantly reduced discomfort during the first 24 hours after surgery but not two to three days postoperatively, although there was a trend toward reduction. Flurbiprofen given preoperatively did not affect postoperative discomfort. It also did not affect pupil size at the start of surgery but did reduce intraoperative miosis. Incision size (5.2 mm versus 7.0 mm) had no effect on discomfort. Miostat did not affect discomfort, although there was a trend toward more discomfort. The results indicate that topical diclofenac, given immediately after cataract surgery, significantly reduces discomfort during the first 24 postoperative hours.
Automatic development of physical-based models of organ systems from magnetic resonance imagery

The essential goal of this work described herein is to provide a biophysical model within which the effects of the alteration of a variety of geometrical or physical variables within the CSF system can be explored. Our ultimate goal is to be able to divorce such models from the constraints of the artificial geometries (e.g., generalized cylinders) so typical of the usual biophysical model, and to this end we have determined that each structure to be modelled be developed from an actual in-vivo example of the structure, determined by extraction from CT or MR imagery. Onto such models we will then overlay a biophysical structure which will permit us to simulate a variety of different conditions and thereby determine (up to model accuracy) how the simulated condition might in fact impact the in vivo structure were it to be faced with a similar set of physical conditions.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Acquisition of the potential for sperm motility in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effect of pH on dynein ATPase

Salmonid sperm pre-incubated at extracellular pH (pHe) values less than about 7.4 do not become motile upon water activation whereas sperm maintained above about pH 8.0 demonstrate maximal motility upon activation. The basis for this permissive effect of elevated pHe on sperm motility is not known. Since it is conceivable that the pH sensitivity of dyneinATPase (the molecular motor that drives flagellar movement) could be the basis of, or contribute to this pH dependency, the pH sensitivity of this enzymatic activity was evaluated in membrane-permeabilized axonemes (isolated flagella) ofsteelhead sperm. DyneinATPase activity was found to be sensitive to pH. This activity in permeabilized axonemes was about 3.5-fold higher at pH 7.6 compared to 7.0. To determine whether the pH sensitivity ofATP regeneration might affect the interpretation of the effect of pH on dyneinATPase activity, the pH sensitivities of creatine kinase and adenylate kinase were established. The rates ofATP generation by these enzymes were insensitive to pH between 6.5 and 8.0. The results of these studies are consistent with the hypothesis that prior maintenance at pHe, in part, controls the potential for sperm motility upon water activation via an influence on dyneinATPase activity. However, the potential for motility ofsteelhead sperm is particularly sensitive to prior maintenance at pHe values between about 7.4 and 8.0 whereas the dyneinATPase activity of permeabilized axonemes was particularly sensitive to pH values between 7.0 and 7.6. Phosphorus NMR spectroscopy was used to determine that sperm intracellular pH (pHi) increased with increasing pHe between 7.0 and 8.5 and pHi was, on average 0.4–0.5 pH units lower than pHe. Therefore the pHe sensitivity of the potential for motility appears to correspond to the pHi sensitivity of dyneinATPase activity. The data indicate that pHi is directly related to pHe and that prior incubation at pHe may, in part, control the sperm's potential for motility upon water activation via an influence on dyneinATPase activity.
White-collar Nationalisms

The export of information technology (IT) services from India—including software programming and IT-enabled work such as call centers that handle human resources, financial services, customer services—has been growing exponentially over the past decade. Although the overall employment figures accounts for only a tiny fraction of the overall working population, the promise and potential for IT-related jobs loom large for globalized, urban, middle-class Indians, the same jobs that today appear to threaten middle-class Americans afraid of being “Bangalored.” In this paper I offer a critical reading of the debate between critics and advocates of outsourcing and high-skilled migration. I argue that both sides of the debate are premised on what I call “white-collar nationalisms” mobilized by conservative political forces. Specifically, Indian H-1B workers have been characterized as vulnerable victims of globalization who are then blamed for threatening the sanctity of both national security and “good” American ...
A 7-item versus 31-item food frequency questionnaire for measuring fruit, juice, and vegetable intake among a predominantly African-American population

Abstract Objective This study sought to determine which of 2 fruit and vegetable food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) most closely approximated intake measured by the average of four 24-hour dietary recalls. Design Participants completed either a 31-item FFQ (n = 70) or 7-item FFQ (n = 76) on 2 occasions approximately 2 weeks apart. During the interval between FFQs, participants provided four 24-hour dietary recalls via telephone interview. Subjects/setting Participants were 146 persons with food preparation responsibilities in families of students in grades 3 through 5. Respondents were predominantly African-American women in Atlanta, Ga. Statistical analysis Pearson correlation coefficients of log-transformed values estimated the reliability of each FFQ and compared FFQ estimates to reference values. The intraclass correlation coefficient evaluated consistency across 24-hour recalls. Results> The first FFQs overestimated intake approximately twofold. The 31-item FFQ estimates exceeded 7-item FFQ estimates by approximately 30% . Correlations with recall estimates were high for the 7-item FFQ and moderate to low for the 31-item FFQ. The second FFQ estimates were more highly correlated to reference values. From the first to the second administration, 7-item FFQ estimates dropped from 5.2 to 2.7 servings, and 31-item FFQ estimates dropped from 6.7 to 3.5 servings. Neither FFQ produced highly reliable estimates. Conclusions Mean total fruit and vegetable consumption was closer to reference estimates for the first 7-item FFQ and the second 31-item FFQ. The 7-item FFQ correlated more highly with reference estimates than did the 31-item FFQ. Therefore, we conclude that for African-American adults, a 1-time-administered FFQ using 7 broad food categories correlates more highly with reference values than a FFQ using 31 individual fruit and vegetable items. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001:101:774-779 .