cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Power of FPGAs with the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL

In this tutorial, we will introduce you to the reconfigurable hardware architecture and programming of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). You will learn why FPGAs have become so popular in recent years, and understand the many advantages of using FPGAs in your HPC application. In particular, we will cover architectural features of FPGAs that make them well suited to many complex operations, including matrix multiplications and convolutions. In addition, we will introduce you to programming FPGAs using the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL™, and how specific OpenCL coding techniques can lead to efficient circuits implemented on the FPGA. Finally, we will go over several case studies where FPGAs have shown very competitive performance when programmed using OpenCL, including convolutional neural nets, FFTs, and astronomy de-dispersion algorithms.
Mixed Phenotype Blast Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy

Abstract Background Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by BCR-ABL1fusion gene and typically exhibits three distinct stages: chronic phase, accelerated phase and blast phase (BP). With tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) becoming standard front-line therapy, the progression of CML to BP has been dramatically decreased. In pre-TKI era, the blasts were of myeloid lineage in approximately 70% of patients with CML-BP, lymphoid lineage in approximately 30% of patients, and rarely, mixed phenotype. In the era of TKI era, cases of CML-BP with mixed phenotype are rarely reported to date. Methods Cases of CML diagnosed since year 1998 when TKI therapy was implemented in our institution to present were reviewed for blastic transformation. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were collected. Lineage was assigned based on flow cytometry, cytochemistry or immunohistochemistry according to the 2008 WHO classification. Results A total of 430 patients were diagnosed with CML-BP: 278 (64.7%) had myeloid BP, 138 (32.1%) lymphoid BP, and 14 (3.3%) mixed phenotype BP (Table 1). Of these 14 cases of mixed phenotype BP, 10 were of B/myeloid and 4 T/myeloid. Molecular assay showed that 4 patients had p190 subtypeBCR-ABL1transcript and the remaining 10 patients had p210 subtype. There are 8 men and 6 women. The median age at diagnosis of CML-BP was 52 (range 23-70). Five patients presented with CML-BP initially, and the remaining 9 patients developed BP later during treatment with a median interval of 17.4 months from initial diagnosis of CML to blast transformation. Twelve of the 14 patients received TKIs, 11 patients received multi-agent chemotherapy (including hyper-CVAD regimen), and 7 patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). In 12 patients with known treatment response, 11 achieved complete cytogenetic response, and 7 achieved major molecular response. Of the 7 cases treated with allo-SCT, all achieved complete cytogenetic response, and 6 achieved major molecular response. Patients with mixed phenotype BP had a slightly better prognosis than patients with myeloid or lymphoid BP. The overall survival after blastic transformation was 17.8 months (range 0.7-73.2 months) in patients with mixed phenotype BP, comparing to 9.6 month in patients with myeloid BP and 15.9 months in patients with lymphoid BP. However, limited by the small sample size, no statistical significance was reached. Conclusion Blastic transformation of CML with mixed phenotype is rare. The prognosis of patients with mixed BP is poor. Aggressive chemotherapy in combination with TKIs might be effective, and allo-SCT may offer a chance of deep response and probably longer overall survival. Download : Download high-res image (162KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
VARIATIONS IN RELATIONSHIPS ACCORDING TO PARTNER PERCEPTIONS: DATA FROM THE NSHAP PROJECT

Previous research suggests that romantic relationships are intertwined with aging well. We used data from 2,013 persons who reported having a romantic partner or spouse in the first wave of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to examine how their perceptions of their relationships varied across relationship status, as well as a number of demographic variables and measures of health. The NSHAP interview included five indicators of relationship perceptions: time spent, perceptions of openness, ability to rely on, demands made from, and criticism from one’s partner. We used latent class analyses to examine unobserved heterogeneity in participants’ responses on these items. Our model fit analyses suggested a three class model provided the best fit. Class one (15.9%) was characterized by moderate responses on time spent with, demands from, and criticism from partner, while scoring low on being open with their partners and high on relying on their partners. Class two (13.3%) was characterized by scoring relatively low on all perceptions except relying on partner. Class three (70.8%) was characterized by high scores on all perceptions. We next examined how probabilities of class membership were related to relationship status, demographics, and health. We found significant differences across race, age, sex, marital status, relationship length, and health. We did not find significant differences in class membership by cohabitation status. In summary, these analyses helped us identify variations in relationships using participants’ perceptions of their relationships. We also found significant variations in relationship perceptions across several demographic variables and health.
Long-term stroke and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants in contemporary practice: Providing evidence for shared decision-making.

Abstract Background Oral anticoagulation is recommended as a lifelong therapy for most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on long-term outcomes in clinical practice on these drugs are scarce, particularly for the recently approved agents. We aimed to describe differences in characteristics between patients in everyday practice and those enrolled in the pivotal trials, and to report long-term outcomes on oral anticoagulation in practice. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using a large U.S. administrative database to identify patients with AF initiating oral anticoagulation and examine incident stroke (effectiveness endpoint, including ischemic stroke and systemic embolism) and major bleeding (safety endpoint). Results We identified 107,373 patients with AF initiating anticoagulants 7/1/2006-6/30/2016. These patients were more likely to be elderly, female, or to have advanced kidney disease in comparison to those enrolled in the trials. The event rates for major bleeding (3.1%, 2.8%, 4.0% and 4.9%/year for in apixaban-, dabigatran-, rivaroxaban- and warfarin-treated patients, respectively) were higher than those observed in trials. The event rates for stroke 0.9%, 1.0%, 0.9% and 1.4%/year the four drug cohorts), were similar to the trials. The three-year risk of stroke was 2.3%, 2.1%, 2.3% and 3.5%, and the three year risk of major bleeding was 5.4%, 7.0%, 8.2%, and 11.7% in the four drug cohorts. Conclusions Clinical trials represent a narrow spectrum of the general AF population. The trials may underestimate the bleeding risk observed in practice. This study provides important data to help clinicians communicate expected outcomes to patient during shared decision-making.
Depression as seen through the eyes of rural Chinese women: Implications for help-seeking and the future of mental health care in China.

Abstract Background As part of a larger epidemiological study of depression among rural Chinese women, we sought to understand their explanatory models of depression. We explored how participants describe depression, to what cause they attribute depression, and what sources of treatment they would recommend. Methods Participants first were assessed with the Center for Epidemiological-Depression scale (CES-D), with a cut-point of 16 or greater indicative of depression. The Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI), a semi-structured questionnaire, was our primary tool for exploring participants’ explanatory models relating to a vignette describing a rural Chinese woman with depression. Results Among the 416 women who consented and completed the SEMI, 277(66.6%) reported that the woman in the vignette had something wrong with her health. Among these, only 8(2.9%) women provided a specific psychiatric name for the condition, while 150(54.2%) provided non-specific psychiatric disease names or affective symptoms, and 78(28.2%)of the sample provided physical disease names. Participants attributed causes largely to internal factors (41.5%) or external factors (36.8%). In terms of help-seeking, 101(36.4%) said the woman in the vignette should see a doctor, 70(25.3%) indicated that she should solve the problem herself, and 42(15.2%) recommended seeking support from family members and friends. We did not find any differences in recognition, causal attribution, and help-seeking suggestions between women with a CES-D ≥ 16 and those with CES-D Limitations The use of a vignette to prompt discussion was not the same as talking about real-life personal situations. Conclusion Our results point to potential challenges and opportunities that lay ahead as China develops mental health services in its vast rural areas among women who may be at risk for developing depression. We found that our participants often attributed their symptoms to internal or external social causes, and preferred not speaking with family members and friends. Our findings suggest that rural Chinese women may be reticent to recognize or describe categorical concepts such as “depression” as a health problem, and they invite further consideration about how best to develop new health services in China's rural regions.
A xenograft model for venous malformation.

Vascular malformations are defects caused by the abnormal growth of the vasculature. Among them, venous malformation (VM) is an anomaly characterized by slow-flow vascular lesions with abnormally shaped veins, typically in sponge-like configuration. VMs can expand over years causing disfigurement, obstruction of vital structures, thrombosis, bleeding, and pain. Treatments have been very limited and primarily based on supportive care, compression garments, sclerotherapy, and/or surgical resection. Sirolimus treatment has recently shown efficacy in some patients with complicated vascular anomalies, including VMs. Activating somatic TIE2 gene mutations have been identified in up to 60% of VMs and PIK3CA mutations have been found in another 25%. Here, we report a xenograft model of VM that reflects the patients’ mutation heterogeneity. First, we established a protocol to isolate and expand in culture endothelial cells (VM–EC) from VM tissue or VM blood of nine patients. In these cells, we identified somatic mutations of TIE2, PIK3CA, or a combination of both. Both TIE2 and PIK3CA mutations induced constitutive AKT activation, while TIE2 mutations also showed high MAPK–ERK signaling. Finally, VM–EC implanted into immune-deficient mice generated lesions with ectatic blood-filled channels with scarce smooth muscle cell coverage, similar to patients’ VM. This VM xenograft model could be instrumental to test the therapeutic efficacy of Sirolimus in the presence of the different TIE2 or PIK3CA mutations or to test for efficacy of additional compounds in targeting the specific mutated protein(s), thus enabling development of personalized treatment options for VM patients.
Exploring the Role of Sound in Augmenting Visualization to Enhance User Engagement

Studies on augmenting visualization with sound are typically based on the assumption that sound can be complementary and assist in data analysis tasks. While sound promotes a different sense of engagement than vision, we conjecture that by augmenting non-speech audio to a visualization can not only help enhance the users' perception of the data but also increase their engagement with the data exploration process. We have designed a preliminary user study to test users' performance and engagement while exploring in a data visualization system under two different settings: visual-only and audiovisual. For our study, we used basketball player movement data in a game and created an interactive visualization system with three linked views. We supplemented sound to the visualization to enhance the users' understanding of a team's offensive/defensive behavior. The results of our study suggest that we need to better understand the effect of sound choice and encoding before considering engagement. We also find that sound can be useful to draw novice users' attention to patterns or anomalies in the data. Finally, we propose follow-up studies with designs informed by the findings from this study.
A Tuned Liquid Damper Model

For some large structures, structural damping alone has been insufficient to limit the dynamic motions to acceptable levels for serviceability considerations (e.g. the review paper by Kareem et al. 1999). Thus, auxiliary dampers have been added. Designers are faced with the task of understanding complex fluid-structure interactions when attempting to estimate energy dissipation performance of, for example, tuned sloshing dampers. To this end, a numerical wave tank can provide useful information on the free surface motions, resonant frequencies, etc. In the present paper, the nonlinear effects of sloshing motions in moving liquid tanks (Frandsen 2002) are investigated in connection with using tuned liquid dampers (TLD) to suppress structural vibrations in tall buildings or other structures to along-wind or cross-wind forces. The current, fully nonlinear model simulates two-dimensional, non-overturning waves during structural vibrations. Numerical solutions of the governing nonlinear potential flow equations are obtained using a finite-difference time-stepping scheme on adaptively mapped grids. Simulations of sloshing motions in forced excited tanks are carried out in which tank size and fluid-to-structure mass ratio is varied. Natural frequencies of the structure-TLD system are extracted for small to steep amplitude waves. All results obtained show that the coupling of a liquid storage tank to a structure can change the behaviour of the entire system considerably. An optimum TLD- structure system is identified relative to shift in resonance frequency. Good agreement for small horizontal forcing amplitude is achieved between the numerical model and first order small perturbation theory. The dependence of the nonlinear behaviour of the solution on the wave steepness is discussed. It is found that nonlinear effects become important when the steepness reaches about 0.1.
Use of thematic information to speed search of semantic nets

A model is proposed for the representation of thematically integratable information in semantic memory and a process for searching through this memory. We assume that releted fects about an individual are not directly attached to the individual node, but rather, are indirectly attached via a thematic sub-node. Thematic sub-nodes allow much faster search of memory under certain conditions, but not others. We tested these predictions with human subjects and found support for these notions.
Thromboembolic prophylaxis in blunt traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: a retrospective review.

There are few data in the literature on venous thromboembolic (VTE) prophylaxis for the traumatic population with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We reviewed our institutional experience and compared the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients with ICH receiving either early prophylaxis ( 72 hours from admission), and the respective incidences in progression of intracranial hemorrhage. We identified 124 patients for this study. There were 29 patients (23%) who received early ( 72 hours) prophylaxis. In the study, 42 patients had intermittent pneumatic compression devices and received no pharmacological VTE prophylaxis. Among those with pharmacological VTE prophylaxis, 10 patients (8%) developed VTE (9 deep vein thrombosis and 1 pulmonary embolism). Three patients with pharmacological VTE prophylaxis developed ICH progression, with one being clinically significant. Our institutional review demonstrated that it seems safe to initiate early pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in blunt head trauma with stable ICH. Nevertheless, further prospective randomized studies are needed to fully elucidate the safety and efficacy in the timing of prophylaxis for blunt head trauma with ICH.
It's going to be okay: Measuring Access to Support in Online Communities.

People use online platforms to seek out support for their informational and emotional needs. Here, we ask what effect does revealing one’s gender have on receiving support. To answer this, we create (i) a new dataset and method for identifying supportive replies and (ii) new methods for inferring gender from text and name. We apply these methods to create a new massive corpus of 102M online interactions with gender-labeled users, each rated by degree of supportiveness. Our analysis shows wide-spread and consistent disparity in support: identifying as a woman is associated with higher rates of support - but also higher rates of disparagement.
Expanding opportunities and emerging challenges: broadening the scope of genetic testing in nephrology

Massively parallel sequencing technologies such as exome sequencing are increasingly applied across medicine. Connaughton et al. report a high diagnostic yield of exome sequencing among adults with hereditary nephropathy or nephropathy of unknown cause. Their findings support broader use of genomic sequencing in nephrology and highlight key associated questions, including how to identify those patients for whom testing is indicated, pinpoint pathogenic variants, and balance the resultant health care benefits and clinical follow-up burden.
The Current State of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Children with PARDS often require intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation. Unfortunately, beyond lung protective ventilation, there are limited data to support our management strategies in PARDS. The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) offered a new definition of PARDS in 2015 that has improved our understanding of the true epidemiology and heterogeneity of the disease as well as risk stratification. Further studies will be crucial to determine optimal management for varying disease severity. This review will present the physiologic basis of PARDS, describe the unique pediatric definition and risk stratification, and summarize the current evidence for current standards of care as well as adjunctive therapies.
An analytical model of SiC MESFETs incorporating trapping and thermal effects

In this paper presents an analytical model of SiC-based MESFET device incorporating trapping and self-heating effects is essential for the evaluation of device performance in microwave applications. Surface and substrate traps have been incorporated in the model to calculate the observed current slump in the I-V characteristics. The differences in the I-V characteristics observed is due to the differences in thermal conditions of the substrate prevalent at the time of measurement.
Improving Residency Education on Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder: Evaluation of CDC Guideline-Based Education.

Background: National surveys show that primary care physicians feel responsible for addressing the opioid epidemic. They feel their training in managing chronic pain and addiction was insufficient,...
Net legitimacy: internet and social media exposure and attitudes toward the police

Prior research suggests that exposure to adverse news stories involving the police negatively impacts consumers’ attitudes toward these actors. Yet, most investigations have neglected to examine co...
A short note on the simulation of turbulent stratified flow and mobile bed interaction using the continuum coupled flow and morphodynamics model

This paper aims at addressing issues related to the misrepresentation of the turbulent stratified flow for sand wave simulation using the continuum coupled flow and morphodynamics modeling approach. continuum flow and morphodynamics frameworks often consider the contributions of (i) suspended sediment-load in the sediment mass-balance equation and (ii) stratification in the equations of fluid motion. We argue that omitting these contributions could impact the numerical simulation results of transverse sand wave development at the late stages of bed evolution. We support our argument by presenting a numerical analysis, which attempts to quantify the impact of the stratification and suspended sediment-load on the calculated bed topography during various stages of transverse sand wave evolution in a mobile bed flume.
Hydrogen peroxide treatments for the control of Listeria monocytogenes on high-moisture soft cheese

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a long history of use as an antimicrobial in the dairy industry to preserve raw milk. The effect of H2O2 on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of Queso Fresco (QF) and the degradation of H2O2 on cheese during storage and in dip solutions following successive treatments were determined. Treatment of QF in 10% H2O2 for 5 s significantly reduced L. monocytogenes by 2.27 log cfu g−1 by 30 min and to ∼0.5 log cfu g−1 at 24 h post-treatment with no growth thereafter. Residual H2O2 levels on cheese decreased from 3200 mg L−1 at 30 min to levels below the limit of quantification at day 21. H2O2 concentrations in dip solutions did not change through 100 successive treatments. These data further support the application of H2O2 as an effective post-lethality treatment to control L. monocytogenes on high-moisture cheese with potential for commercial application.
Predictors of Early Infarct Recurrence in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease.

Background and Purpose: While prior studies identified risk factors for recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease, few have assessed risk factors for early ...
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Are Targeted to the Bam Complex by Two Parallel Mechanisms.

ABSTRACT Membrane proteins that are integrated into the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria typically contain a unique “β barrel” structure that serves as a membrane spanning segment. A conserved “β signal” motif is located at the C terminus of the β barrel of many outer membrane proteins (OMPs), but the function of this sequence is unclear. We found that mutations in the β signal slightly delayed the assembly of three model Escherichia coli OMPs by reducing their affinity for the barrel assembly machinery (Bam) complex, a heterooligomer that catalyzes β barrel insertion, and led to the degradation of a fraction of the protein in the periplasm. Interestingly, the absence of the periplasmic chaperone SurA amplified the effect of the mutations and caused the complete degradation of the mutant proteins. In contrast, the absence of another periplasmic chaperone (Skp) suppressed the effect of the mutations and considerably enhanced the efficiency of assembly. Our results reveal the existence of two parallel OMP targeting mechanisms that rely on a cis-acting peptide (the β signal) and a trans-acting factor (SurA), respectively. Our results also challenge the long-standing view that periplasmic chaperones are redundant and provide evidence that they have specialized functions. IMPORTANCE Proteins that are embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria (OMPs) play an important role in protecting the cell from harmful chemicals. OMPs share a common architecture and often contain a conserved sequence motif (β motif) of unknown function. Although OMPs are escorted to the outer membrane by proteins called chaperones, the exact function of the chaperones is also unclear. Here, we show that the β motif and the chaperone SurA both target OMPs to the β barrel insertion machinery in the outer membrane. In contrast, the chaperone Skp delivers unintegrated OMPs to protein degradation complexes. Our results challenge the long-standing view that chaperones are functionally redundant and strongly suggest that they have specialized roles in OMP targeting and quality control.
Virtual Care Revolution: Impact on Clinical Pharmacy Practices in the Department of Veterans Affairs

ABSTRACT For nearly two decades, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has invested in the development and implementation of telehealth services which is comprised of video, store and forward services, and remote patient monitoring. Virtual care includes telehealth services along with telephone care and e-consults. These efforts proved critical in 2020 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Expanding implementation of telehealth to the home became an access and safety imperative. This article highlights VA efforts and infrastructure for expansion of telehealth into the home and clinical pharmacy practice integration of virtual care. The acceptance of technology coupled with advancements in legislation, policy, and technologies has resulted in expanded applications within the health care system. While continued expansion of virtual care seems inevitable, there remain challenges to ensuring both access to virtual care and the safety and effectiveness of the care delivered. Looking to the future, there will be a continued need for future research on outcomes associated with virtual care, exploration of the benefits of video capability over telephone care, and cost-effectiveness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Self-Determination, Yugoslavia, and Europe: Old Wine in New Bottles?

The approach of the international community to the war in the former Yugoslavia failed in many respects. In particular, the opinions of the Badinter Commission misapplied or misstated international norms in ways that made a reasonable and rational solution more problematic.
Resilience in an Age of Increasing Electrification

The purpose of this paper is to outline considerations of global electrification trends that include the resultant system-wide and nation-wide impacts. How we incorporate resilience into the electrification plans that transition a nation from conventional energy sources to secure clean energy sources can impact the success of those transitions. Electrification of energy systems has the potential to impact power system planning, emissions, and security; however, little research has been done on comprehensive solutions for incorporating resilience into the electrification process. Research has been conducted on aspects of the energy system and electrification, but not holistically across disciplines and related to the interdependencies of different components of the grid system. This gap in research provides an opportunity for more analysis and a collection of best practices to incorporate resilience into electrification plans. Although clean energy is the goal of an increasing number of nations worldwide, there are many considerations in designing clean energy transitions and increased electrification. Resilience must be factored into clean energy transitions from planning, market design, and policies to modernized grid structures and new, location-specific dispersed energy and energy storage technologies.
Intraoperative Injury to Hepatic Arterial Structures

The hepatic artery and its branches provide arterial blood to the liver, biliary tract, pancreatic head, and duodenum. Its proximity to vital structures in the porta hepatis, compounded with frequent anatomic variations, make it susceptible to injury during hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. Consequences of loss of hepatic arterial flow range from transient insignificant transaminitis to hepatic necrosis, anastomotic leak, and death. Knowledge of the spectrum of anatomic aberrations, clinical scenarios that determine morbidity, and tools to anticipate, avoid, and manage intraoperative injury can equip surgeons to effectively steer potentially catastrophic situations toward more favorable outcomes.
A System for the Excitation of Pure Natural Modes of Complex Structure

Analogy is drawn between analytical and experimental approaches to the evaluation of structural dynamic behavior, pointing out the relationship between method complexity and adequacy of results. The theory, construction, and operation of a system using 24 shakers controlled from a console in the systematic excitation of pure natural modes are described. Practical operation is made feasible by the coordinated display of the force and resultant velocity a t each shaker station, together with a system for orderly discriminatory adjustment by the operator, which is analogous to a mathematical iteration. Sample laboratory and full-scale data are shown.
Interaction of Surface Waves and Cohesive Sediments: Field Observations and Geologic Significance

Surface waves and cohesive sediments are part of a coupled system in which the components interact to produce extreme rates of wave attenuation and rapid resuspension of bottom sediments. A review of published literature, together with examination of new and archived data sets from Louisiana and Surinam, indicates that these interactions are of practical significance in that they 1) may govern areas of present and future erosion and accretion in open-coast environments, 2) can lead to extraordinarily high rates of sediment transport, even under relatively weak currents, and 3) result in cohesive sediment storage facilities that display both temporary and transitory characteristics.
Mandatory Arrest and No-Drop Policies: Victim Empowerment in Domestic Violence Cases

In recent decades, arrest and prosecution have been applied to perpetrators of domestic violence with increasing severity, representing an important step in recognizing domestic violence as a crime. Some jurisdictions have taken the war against domestic violence a step further, by employing aggressive "mandatory arrest" and "no-drop prosecution" policies. These policies have been met with mixed reactions from advocates of battered women and law enforcement agencies, who debate the effectiveness of the policies, both in curbing crime and in treating the needs of victims. This Note analyzes whether and to what extent specific aggressive arrest and prosecution policies are compatible with a victim-centered empowerment approach to domestic violence advocacy. It concludes by recommending various compromise approaches, which treat domestic violence as the crime that it is while at the same time empowering victims to become
Differences in Platelet Aggregation in Coronary Sinus and Aortic Blood in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Effect of Propranolol

Platelet aggregation was studied in aortic and coronary sinus blood samples obtained from 18 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Using epinephrine and ADP as aggregating agents, platelet aggregation was lower in coronary venous blood than in aortic blood. In nine patients on long-term propranolol therapy, platelet aggregation was lower in both aortic and coronary venous blood compared to the nine patients not taking propranolol. Four other subjects without angiographic evidence of coronary disease exhibited no difference in platelet aggregation in aortic and coronary sinus blood. These data suggest that platelet aggregation is lower in the coronary venous blood of certain patients with coronary disease and chronic propranolol treatment may reduce aggregation in both aortic and coronary sinus blood.
Effect of Processing Sorghum Grain on Dairy Calf Performance

Abstract Two trials evaluated the effect of sorghum grain processing on dairy calf performance. In trial 1, Holstein calves (n = 76; .5 to 8 wk of age) were fed one of three calf starters that contained either raw, roasted (exit temperature of 135°C), or conglomerated sorghum grain. The conglomeration process consisted of grinding the grain, adding water, pelleting the mixture, and then roasting it. Raw and roasted sorghum grains were ground through a 3.2-mm screen and then included in complete pelleted starters; conglomerated sorghum grain pellets were mixed with the other pelleted ingredients of the starter. Processing did not enhance calf performance or affect selected ruminal and blood metabolites. In trial 2, roasted and conglomerated sorghum grains were ground through a 3.2-mm screen, and each was included in a pelleted starter fed for ad libitum intake to Holstein calves (n = 48) from .5 to 8 wk of age. Calf performance was not affected by method of grain processing, and ruminal and blood metabolites were similar; however, 22% of calves on the conglomerated sorghum grain starter bloated during the postweaning period, which probably resulted in reduced feed intake from wk 6 to 8. Measures to prevent bloat may be necessary to realize a potential benefit of conglomerating sorghum grain for calves.
Random sampling from database files: a survey

In this paper we survey known results on algorithms, data structures, and some applications of random sampling from databases. We first discuss various reasons for sampling from databases, and for inclusion of sampling as a DBMS operator. We consider basic sampling algorithms, sampling from trees, sampling from hash tables, and auxiliary memory resident index information to facilitate sampling.
Replication factors required for SV40 DNA replication in vitro. II. Switching of DNA polymerase alpha and delta during initiation of leading and lagging strand synthesis.

Replication factors A and C (RF-A and RF-C) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) differentially augment the activities of DNA polymerases alpha and delta. The mechanism of stimulation by these replication factors was investigated using a limiting concentration of primed, single-stranded template DNA. RF-A stimulated polymerase alpha activity in a concentration-dependent manner, but also suppressed nonspecific initiation of DNA synthesis by both polymerases alpha and delta. The primer recognition complex, RF-C.PCNA.ATP, stimulated pol delta activity in cooperation with RF-A, but also functioned to prevent abnormal initiation of DNA synthesis by polymerase alpha. Reconstitution of DNA replication with purified factors and a plasmid containing the SV40 origin sequences directly demonstrated DNA polymerase alpha dependent synthesis of lagging strands and DNA polymerase delta/PCNA/RF-C dependent synthesis of leading strands. RF-A and the primer recognition complex both affected the relative levels of leading and lagging strands. These results, in addition to results in an accompanying paper (Tsurimoto, T., and Stillman, B. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 1950-1960), suggest that an exchange of DNA polymerase complexes occurs during initiation of bidirectional DNA replication at the SV40 origin.
Social dimensions of 'nature at risk' in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.

The Galapagos National Park is an iconic site of environmental conservation; hundreds of thousands of tourists, students, and scientists have visited the islands since the national park was founded in 1959. What a casual visitor to the region might fail to see, however, is the history of conflict that has accompanied the formation and maintenance of the park. In 2007, the tension on the Galapagos Islands became so great that UNESCO put it on their list of World Natural Heritage Sites 'In Danger', arguing that the Galapagos Islands residents had to resolve a set of problems before the effects of increasing population numbers and poor management overran the unique natural environment. We draw on the literature within political ecology and argue that while there was broad agreement on the 'facts' of the crisis, people on the islands interpreted those facts very differently; individual assumptions, beliefs, and experiences imbued the facts with different and often confrontational meanings that, in turn, shaped the possibility of managing the crisis. Based on in-depth qualitative research conducted between 2007 and 2011, we illustrate the differences in the way people 'see'-or understand and experience-the problems on the islands, and show how these differences continue to complicate the search for resolution.
Isolated digit recognition without time alignment

A method for isolated digit recognition without time alignment is examined in this paper. Rather than providing a classifier with feature vectors generated from frames of data (typically at rates near 100 per second) over the word's duration, this method uses only one feature vector per word. A baseline speaker-independent recognition accuracy of 98.1% is established with intraword time alignment from the male speaker/digit subset of a Texas Instruments database using dynamic time warping (DTW) and 12 LPC cepstral coefficients as features. Without intraword time alignment and 12 time-averages LPC cepstral coefficients as feature vectors with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier, the recognition accuracy is 78.4%. By augmenting the feature vectors with 9 time-averaged critical band energy elements and 10 time-averaged LPC coefficients, the accuracy increases to 97.1%. This difference between methods is not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Thus, time alignment is demonstrated not to be a critical factor for the digit recognition task. Advantages of the proposed method are that (1) intraword time alignment is not required, and (2) only a single feature vector is computed per utterance. The advantages come at the expense of requiring additional information in the feature vectors relative to a DTW-based classifier. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Behavioral Contrast as a Function of Two Different Reinforcers

Summary Behavioral contrast was investigated in 17 male rats in three separate experiments in which one component of a multiple schedule was associated with a sucrose solution of either 8%, 16%, or 32%, while the reinforcer in the other component was a standard 45 mg food pellet. All rats showed a higher rate of responding in the food than the sucrose component. Following extinction of the sucrose component, no contrast was obtained in any of the three experiments. However, when the food component was extinguished, contrast-like effects were observed in almost all subjects regardless of the sucrose concentration associated with the constant component. The possibility that the obtained contrast was an artifact of a continuously rising baseline was considered. However, the results also seem to be consistent with a preference-frustration interpretation. Contrast was obtained only when food, the preferred reinforcer, was extinguished, probably because the absence of such a reinforcer produced a state of frust...
Beiträge zur Chemie der SiN-Bindung, V. Zur Reaktion von Isocyanat mit der SiN-Bindung

Isocyanate reagieren mit Silazanen und Silylaminen — auch bei Vorliegen von SiNH-Gruppierungen — unter Sprengung der SiN-Bindungen und Bildung von Silylharnstoff- und Silylbiuret-Verbindungen.
Survey of entomopathogenic fungi naturally infecting cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) of irrigated grain crops in southwestern Idaho.

A four-year field survey of wheat, barley, and corn generated data on 10 species of fungal pathogens, including eight Entomophthorales and two Hyphomycetes recovered from 2,930 cadavers of aphids infesting grains grown under irrigation in southwestern Idaho. Seven species of cereal aphids, including the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko); the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker); the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch); the bird-cherry oat aphid, R. padi (L.); the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); and the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), were recorded as hostsof one or more species of entomopathogenic fungi. The fungi were identified as Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber, Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) Remaudiere & Keller, C. coronatus (Costantin), C. thromboides Drechsler, Entomophthora chromaphidis Burger & Swain, Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudiere & Keller, Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Z. occidentalis (Thaxter) Batko, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas. P. neoaphidis was the most prevalent species annually in populations of M. dirhodum and D. noxia and also frequently infected other hosts. Conidiobolus spp. were secondary to P. neoaphidis in occurrence, commonly infecting several aphid species. E. chromaphidis, N. fresenii, Z. radicans , and Z. occidentalis were recovered only occasionally and on fewer aphid species. Two Hyphomycetes, B. bassiana and V. lecanii , infected aphids in the field at very low levels compared with the Entomophthorales. All species, except N. fresenii and Z. occidentalis , were isolated from their aphid hosts with agar media (SDAY or SEMA, or both) or liquid insect tissue culture medium.
Chirality violation in QCD Reggeon interactions

The appearance of the triangle graph infra-red axial anomaly in reduced quark loops contributing to QCD triple-regge interactions is studied. In a dispersion relation formalism, the anomaly can only be present in the contributions of unphysical triple discontinuities. In this paper an asymptotic discontinuity analysis is applied to high-order feynman diagrams to show that the anomaly does indeed occur in sufficiently high-order reggeized gluon interactions. The reggeon states involved must contain reggeized gluon combinations with the quantum numbers of the anomaly (winding-number) current. A direct connection with the well-known U(1) problem is thus established. Closely related diagrams that contribute to the pion/pomeron and triple pomeron couplings in color superconducting QCD are also discussed.
Defensive spray of a phasmid insect

The walkingstick, Anisomorpha buprestoides, has two defensive glands in its thorax from which it ejects an aimed spray when disturbed. Contact stimulation is the usual trigger for the discharge, but birds may elicit the spray by merely approaching the insect. The secretion proved effectively deterrent to ants, predaceous beetles, mice, and blue jays, but not to an opossum.
The Hydrography at the Mouth of Delaware Bay: Tidally Averaged Distribution and Intratidal Variability

On 14 June 1990, hydrographic observations were conducted across the mouth of Delaware Bay over a semi-diurnal tidal cycle. CTD observations were repeatedly conducted at 10 stations across the bay mouth in order to resolve the tidal variability. The tidally averaged salinity distribution across the bay mouth shows significant lateral variability. Relatively high-salinity (and cool) water resides in the deep channel and domes towards the surface in the central portion of the bay mouth to the right of the channel. This high-salinity water separates two branches of low-salinity (and warm) water, one along the Delaware (left) shore and the other along the New Jersey (right) shore. As for the intratidal variability, the data suggest that the temporal distribution of salinity depends strongly on the position across the bay mouth. The data also indicate that sharp frontal boundaries which separate the warm/brackish estuarine water from the cool/saline shelf water exist throughout the tidal cycle. Across the frontal boundary the salinity may vary by up to 3 and the temperature may vary by 2 °C over a distance of 150 m.
A Quantum-Mechanical Argument for Mind–Body Dualism

I argue that a strong mind–body dualism is required of any formulation of quantum mechanics that satisfies a relatively weak set of explanatory constraints. Dropping one or more of these constraints may allow one to avoid the commitment to a mind–body dualism but may also require a commitment to a physical–physical dualism that is at least as objectionable. Ultimately, it is the preferred basis problem that pushes both collapse and no-collapse theories in the direction of a strong dualism in resolving the quantum measurement problem. Addressing this problem illustrates how the construction and evaluation of explanatorily rich physical theories are inextricably tied to the evaluation of traditional philosophical issues.
Molecular basis of late-life globoid cell leukodystrophy.

Globoid cell leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). Although the severe, rapidly progressing infantile form is the most common, late-onset forms have been described. We investigated the molecular basis of GALC deficiency in a patient with a late-life mild form of globoid cell leukodystrophy who survived into the eighth decade. Since material suitable for mutation analysis was no longer available from the proband, her GALC genotype was reconstructed by analyzing this gene in her six obligate carrier offspring. One allele contained the mutation 809G>A (G270D) in the 1637C background, while the other allele contained three sequence variants: 1609G>A (G537R), 1873G>A (A625T), and 1650T>A (V550V) in the 1637T background. These mutations were confirmed in the proband's genomic DNA isolated from a sural nerve biopsy. Expression studies indicated that the G537R is a disease-causing mutation, as it resulted in no GALC activity, either alone or together with the A625T. This A625T sequence variant did not affect the enzyme activity, at least when expressed in the 1637T background. The mild clinical phenotype was likely to be associated with the 809G>A, since residual GALC activity, about 17% of the control activity, was detected in the expression studies of this mutation. This mutation has been found in several other patients with late-onset GLD. Hum Mutat 14:256–262, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Samarium-neodymium systematics in kimberlites and in the minerals of garnet lherzolite inclusions

The initial ratios of neodymium-143 to neodymium-144 in kimberlites ranging in age between 90 x 10 6 to 1300 x 10 6 years from South Africa, India, and the United States are different from the corresponding ratios in the minerals of peridotite inclusions in the kimberlites but are identical to the ratios in the basaltic achondrite Juvinas at the times of emplacement of the respective kimberlite pipes. This correlation between the kimberlites and Juvinas, which represents the bulk chondritic earth in rare-earth elements, strongly indicates that the kimberlite9s source in the mantle is chondritic in rare-earth elements and relatively primeval in composition.