cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grandparent Caregivers' Health and Management of Prescription Medication

It has been widely documented that grandparent caregivers are at risk for serious physical health problems. This study presents a picture of grandparent caregivers' health and prescription medication adherence. A total of 103 grandparent caregivers were interviewed about their physical and mental health and prescription medication usage. Over 55% of the participants reported having 3 or more health problems. Forty-five percent of the grandparents were taking 5 or more medications, and 41% of the participants did not know why they were taking a prescribed medication. Increased numbers of health problems was significantly related to increased risk of medication-related problems. There was strong evidence that participants were experiencing difficulty managing their medications, which can negatively impact their health.
Prolonged Urinary Incontinence and Biliary Dyskinesia Following Abdominal Contact With Jellyfish Tentacles

A 16-year-old girl was seriously stung on her abdomen by a jellyfish as she jumped on her small surfboard. She and her mother identified the animal from photographs as Chrysaora fuscescens. Within several minutes the girl developed a massive abdominal cutaneous eruption composed of hundreds of punctuate erythematous papules and macules, which persisted for 5 to 7 days. Persistent urinary incontinence and biliary dyskinesia appeared over the following night. It is theorized that a systemic uptake of venom occurred percutaneously after contact of the jellyfish tentacles with her abdominal skin. The result was an injury to the urinary and biliary bladders. This is the first case report of such sequellae after topical contact with a marine animal. The causal relationship of these abnormalities with the sting is suggested by their temporal association. The gallbladder disorder required surgical intervention, but spontaneous resolution of the urinary bladder dysfunction occurred within 20 months.
A multiplication-free multialphabet arithmetic code

A recursion for arithmetic codes used for data compression is described which requires no multiplication or division, even in the case of nonbinary alphabets. For this reason, such a code admits a simple and fast hardware implementation. The inputs to the code are, in addition to the symbols to be encoded, either the symbol probabilities or, more simply, the corresponding occurrence counts. Hence, the code is applicable in conjunction with stationary and nonstationary models alike. The code efficiency is typically in the range of 97-99%. >
Spherical representations of shape using parametrizations with minimal distortion

Spherical harmonics are commonly used in the construction of multi-resolution representations of complex spherical shapes such as brain surface meshes. A key step in generating such representations for a spherical mesh is to construct a one-to-one map onto a sphere. A parametrization inevitably introduces local distortions such as stretching and compression, so that some regions can be severely undersampled or oversampled. As such, parametrizations with minimal metric distortion are desirable because they yield more accurate representations. In this paper, we use a spherical parametrization method that explicitly minimizes the overall distortion penalizing stretching and compression symmetrically. The optimization process uses a hierarchical and iterative scheme. We show numerically that the proposed parametrizations lead to accurate spherical representations of various brain structures.
Involvement of Caspase Activation in Azaspiracid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neocortical Neurons

Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a novel group of marine phycotoxins that have been associated with severe human intoxication. We found that AZA-1 exposure increased lactate dehydrogense (LDH) efflux in murine neocortical neurons. AZA-1 also produced nuclear condensation and stimulated caspase-3 activity with an half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 25.8nM. These data indicate that AZA-1 triggers neuronal death in neocortical neurons by both necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. An evaluation of the structure-activity relationships of AZA analogs on LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation demonstrated that the full structure of AZAs was required to produce necrotic or apoptotic cell death. The similar potencies of AZA-1 to stimulate LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation and the parallel structureactivity relationships of azaspiracid analogs in the two assays are consistent with a common molecular target for both responses. To explore the molecular mechanism for AZA-1‐induced neurotoxicity, we assessed the influence of AZA-1 on Ca 21 homeostasis. AZA-1 suppressed spontaneous Ca 21 oscillations (EC50 5 445nM) in neocortical neurons. A distinct structure-activity profile was found for inhibition of Ca 21 oscillations where both the full structure as well as analogs containing only the FGHI domain attached to a phenyl glycine methyl ester moiety were potent inhibitors. The molecular targets for inhibition of spontaneous Ca 21 oscillations and neurotoxicity may therefore differ. The caspase protease inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK produced a complete elimination of AZA-1‐induced LDH efflux and nuclear condensation in neocortical neurons. Although the molecular target for AZA-induced neurotoxicity remains to be established, these results demonstrate that the observed neurotoxicity is dependent on a caspase signaling pathway.
Heavy-ion reaction mechanisms studied with the spin spectrometer

Experimental data and statistical-model calculations for xn and αxn products of the reaction 20Ne + 146Nd at 136 MeV are shown to be in generally good agreement, indicating that equilibrium processes are dominant. Preliminary results on the heavy-ion ejectiles from 19F + 159Tb are presented.
The effect of host structure on the selectivity and mechanism of supramolecular catalysis of Prins cyclizations

The effect of host structure on the selectivity and mechanism of intramolecular Prins reactions is evaluated using K12Ga4L6 tetrahedral catalysts. The host structure was varied by modifying the structure of the chelating moieties and the size of the aromatic spacers. While variation in chelator substituents was generally observed to affect changes in rate but not selectivity, changing the host spacer afforded differences in efficiency and product diastereoselectivity. An extremely high number of turnovers (up to 840) was observed. Maximum rate accelerations were measured to be on the order of 105, which numbers among the largest magnitudes of transition state stabilization measured with a synthetic host-catalyst. Host/guest size effects were observed to play an important role in host-mediated enantioselectivity.
Relationships among consumer vanity, gender, brand sensitivity, brand consciousness and private self-consciousness

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among consumer vanity, gender, brand sensitivity, brand consciousness and private self-consciousness within a context of social comparison theory. The four dimensions of consumer vanity are concern for and positive view of physical appearance and concern for and positive view of achievement. Participants were 400 college students (284 women; 116 men). Participants above the median in three of the four dimensions of vanity (except vanity achievement view) were more sensitive to and more conscious of brand names. Participants above (vs. below) the median in vanity achievement view scored higher on private self-consciousness. Women scored higher on brand sensitivity, brand consciousness and private self-consciousness than men. There was a significant correlation between brand sensitivity and brand consciousness. Results support the notion that consumers’ decisions, especially regarding brand names, may be guided by vanity-related concerns and views.
An Improved Framework for Superparameterization.

This paper discusses a large-scale modeling system with explicit representation of small-scale and mesoscale processes provided by a cloud-resolving model embedded in each column of a large-scale model, the superparameterization. In the original formulation, referred to as the cloud-resolving convection parameterization (CRCP), thermodynamic variables were coupled using appropriate averaging procedure, but horizontal momenta were coupled only through the relaxation approach. The improved system is based on the general formulation of the coupling between the two models, and the relaxation technique is abandoned. A simple but robust time integration scheme for the system is developed using the nonoscillatory forward-in-time approach applied in both the large-scale and cloud-scale models. The improved formulation is applied to the problem, previously studied by the author, of large-scale organization of equatorial convection on a rotating constant sea surface temperature (SST) aquaplanet in convective‐ radiative quasi equilibrium. Three simulations are performed using 2D small-scale models as in the original CRCP approach. In the first two simulations, the 2D models have zonal orientation. The first simulation applies the new coupling scheme in the physical setup, which does not include surface drag. Tight coupling between large-scale and small-scale horizontal momenta results in rapid organization of Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO)like coherent structures and development of strong superrotation. In the second simulation, surface drag is added into 2D small-scale model physics. This results in the development of MJO-like coherent structures with weak superrotation and more realistic strength of the westerly wind burst when compared to the terrestrial MJO. Surface drag is also included in the third simulation, where the coupling is formulated in such a way that orientation of 2D small-scale model domains is along the lower-tropospheric winds and thus it varies in space and time. Results from the third simulation are qualitatively similar to the simulation with surface drag and zonal orientation of small-scale models.
Anticonvulsant Efficacy in Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Abstract Objective We analyzed individuals with epilepsy due to Sturge-Weber syndrome to determine which anticonvulsants provided optimal seizure control and which resulted in the fewest side effects. Methods One-hundred-eight records from a single center were retrospectively analyzed for Sturge-Weber syndrome brain involvement, epilepsy, Sturge-Weber syndrome neuroscores, and currently used anticonvulsants. Results Of the fourteen anticonvulsants that had been employed, the most often used agents were oxcarbazepine or carbamazepine, and levetiracetam. Individuals whose seizures at the most recent visit were fully controlled (seizure-free) for 6 months or longer were more likely to have ever tried, or currently used, oxcarbazepine or carbamazepine than those with uncontrolled seizures. Thirty-nine of 69 individuals (56.5%) were seizure-free with oxcarbazepine or carbamazepine history versus 11 of 35 individuals (31.4%) who had not taken these agents ( P P P P Conclusions Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine were associated with better seizure control than levetiracetam in this Sturge-Weber syndrome cohort and so may be preferred as the initial therapy. When used as adjunctive therapy, topiramate was effective in this limited analysis without a clear increased incidence of glaucoma.
In ovo treatment with an estrogen receptor alpha selective agonist causes precocious development of the female reproductive tract of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract The molecular signaling processes involved the differentiation of the Mullerian duct (MD) into the female reproductive tract, or oviduct, in non-mammalian vertebrates are not well understood. Studies in mammals and birds indicate that steroid hormones play a role in this process, as the embryonic MD has been shown to be vulnerable to exogenous estrogens and progestins and environmental endocrine disrupting contaminants. In a previous study, developmental treatment with an estrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist, 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT), induced significant enlargement of the MD in alligator embryos incubated at a male-producing temperature, which was not observed in embryos treated with an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist, 7-bromo-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol (WAY 200070), or with 17β-estradiol ( E 2 ). In order to understand the role of estrogen signaling in female alligator oviduct development, we incubated eggs at a female-producing temperature and treated them with E 2 and these ER selective agonists, PPT and WAY 200070, just prior to the thermosensitive window of sex determination. At stage 27, one stage prior to hatching, PPT induced significant enlargement of the MD with precocious development of secretory glands and connective tissue differentiation similar to characteristics of mature adult oviduct. PPT treatment in ovo increased mRNA expression of ERβ , progesterone receptor , androgen receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 in MD at stage 27, while expression of ERα was decreased. Neither WAY 200070 nor E 2 treatment induced these effects seen in PPT-treated MD. The results of this study provide insight into the critical factors for healthy reproductive system formation in this sentinel species, although further investigation is needed to determine whether the observed phenomena are directly due to selective stimulation of ERα or related to some other aspect of PPT treatment.
Relationship between muscarinic receptor occupancy and response in rat parotid acinar cells

To determine whether spare muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) exist in rat parotid acinar cells, we examined the effect of propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PBCM) on agonist (carbachol)-stimulated inositol trisphosphate (IP3) formation and on mAChR number, using l-[N-methyl-3H]scopolamine methyl chloride (NMS)-binding assays. Treatment with PBCM (1, 3, 10, 30, 50 nM) for 15 min caused a 5, 22, 60, 66, and 72% decrease, respectively, in maximal IP3 formation stimulated by carbachol as well as a large reduction in the potency of carbachol in eliciting this response. Using these data, equilibrium constants (Ka) for activation of the mAChRs by carbachol were calculated. These Ka values agreed well with Kd values of high-affinity mAChR binding sites determined from carbachol displacement of [3H]NMS binding in parotid acinar cells. Reduction in mAChR number after PBCM treatment was determined by Scatchard analysis of specific [3H]-NMS binding sites and compared with the expected reduction (q values) calculated from dose-response curves for carbachol-stimulated IP3 formation before and after PBCM treatment. PBCM (1, 3, 10, 30 nM) decreased mAChR maximal binding in cells 47.5, 68.9, 82.4, and 85.3%, respectively, which did agree with the approximately 38, 70, 90, and 92% decrease in receptor number expected from the calculated q values. Data demonstrate that PBCM irreversibly inactivates mAChRs in rat parotid cells, and the decrease in receptor number, measured directly from [3H]NMS binding or calculated from receptor theory, is greater than that observed for stimulated IP3 production. These results suggest that a modest (30-40%) population of spare receptors exists for mAChR-mediated IP3 production in rat parotid glands.
Associations of Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Support with Overweight and Obesity in US Children and Adolescents

Objectives: To examine the association of neighborhood safety and support with overweight and obesity and whether these associations vary with age, sex, and race/ ethnicity among children and adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: United States. Main Outcome Measure: Childhood over­weight and obesity. Methods: We used data from the 2011-12 National Survey of Children’s Health, a rep­resentative sample of US children and ado­lescents, for the analyses (N=40,730). Using the age-sex adjusted growth chart, parent self-reported weight and height data were used to classify participants as overweight (those with body mass index [BMI] percen­tile [%] at or above the 85th%) and obese (those with BMI% at or above the 95th%). We used log-binomial regression to quantify the association of neighborhood safety and support with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents before and after adjusting for selected characteristics includ­ing physical activity and amount of time spent in sedentary activities. Results: Children and adolescents living in non-supportive neighborhoods had a 21% (95%CI: 1.10-1.33) higher probability of being obese than their peers living in supportive neighborhoods after controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parent’s education, poverty, asthma, physical activity and sedentary ac­tivities. Similarly, the probabilities of obesity associated with neighborhood safety and sup­port were 1.30 (95%CI:1.08-156) and 1.18 (95%CI:1.01-1.38), respectively. However, these probabilities vary with race/ethnicity with higher probability being observed among non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics for over­weight and non-Hispanic Whites for obesity. Conclusions: Living in unsafe and non-sup­portive neighborhoods may be associated with overweight and obesity among US chil­dren and adolescents. Longitudinal studies, accounting for race/ethnicity, are needed to examine the importance of social context where children and adolescents live. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(4):469-476; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.4.469
Modeling Individual Differences through Frequent Pattern Mining on Role-Playing Game Actions

There has been much work on player modeling using game behavioral data collected. Many of the previous research projects that targeted this goal used aggregate game statistics as features to develop behavior models using both statistical and machine learning techniques. While existing methods have already led to interesting findings, we suspect that aggregated features discard valuable information such as temporal or sequential patterns, which are important in deciphering information about decision-making, problem solving, or individual differences. Such sequential information is critical to analyze player behaviors especially in role-playing games (RPG) where players face ample choices, experience different contexts, behave freely with individual propensities but possibly end up with similar aggregated statistics (e.g., levels, time spent). Using an RPG with multiple affordances, we designed an experiment collecting granular in-game behaviors of 64 players. Using closed sequential pattern mining and logistic regression, we developed a model that uses gameplay action sequences to predict the real world characteristics, including gender, game play expertise and five personality traits (as defined by psychology). The results show that game expertise is a dominant factor that impacts in-game behaviors. The contributions of this paper are both the algorithms we developed combined with a validation procedure to determine the reliability and validity of the results, and the results themselves.
Building a Trauma-Informed Workforce Capacity and Legacy

ABSTRACTSocial workers encounter trauma in a majority of the populations they serve. It is therefore essential to train social work students to understand the impact of trauma, to assess trauma history and symptoms, and to effectively intervene with children and families. This article presents 3 qualitative research narratives that provide an in-depth analysis of factors contributing to successful implementation of an innovative trauma-informed educational model. The narratives identify common themes related to student knowledge and field readiness; personal and system context; organizational leadership; and vision, training, and partnerships/collaborations.
THE REGULATORY NIGHTMARE: CATCH 22 !

Publisher Summary The institutions of American business are creaking from an overburden of regulatory restrictions that have become so enormous that it is virtually impossible to respond. It is a situation where the process has become the god, and the product—an environmentally safe project— has almost been forgotten. This chapter discusses the reasons for overregulation by the problem of energy need use versus conservation. The energy sources and energy uses are the primary concerns at present and so is saving the environment. These concerns are not mutually exclusive. One of the most profound changes occurring since the beginning of life has been the way man has modified and to some extent, controlled his environment. In essence, the man's existence on the earth has affected it, changed it as well as reduced its resources. Simultaneously, man is both the peril and promise. Man is unique — different from other organism—because of his great power to improve as well as exploit. In today's life, there is a tendency for man not to use his muscles; he builds machines to do his labor.
Thyroid thermogenesis and active sodium transport.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an evidence in support of the hypothesis that thyroid hormone stimulates energy expended in active Na + transport in three of the primary thermogenic target tissues; liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. In these tissues, this effect mediates a significant fraction and in some circumstances virtually all the thermogenic effect. This pathway does not appear to be the only mechanism involved in thermogenesis, however, in that from, one-half to two-thirds of the increase in Q O2 may be ouabain, or Na + , insensitive. It has been found that Ouabain has no effect on Q O2 of white fat from euthyroid controls or T 3 -treated rats. The chapter also explains that in this tissue, T 3 -stimulated respiration is secondary to changes in energy turnover in electron transport. The basic pathways involved in Na + transport-independent thermogenesis, however, remain undefined.
‘Paddy Does Not Mind Who the Enemy Is’: The Royal Irish Constabulary and Colonial Policing

The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) occupied a prominent place in the British imperial imagination as a model for policing the empire. Sir Charles Jeffries of the Colonial Office observed in 1952 that ‘the really effective influence on the development of colonial police forces … was not that of the police of Great Britain, but that of the Royal Irish Constabulary’.1 In this formulation, the police forces of the British Empire, typically armed and under centralized state control, with military or quasi-military features, sought to replicate the organization, functions and ethos of the RIC. Yet historians have more recently cautioned us to be wary of sweeping generalizations regarding colonial police forces essentially based on an ‘Irish’ model, and we should be skeptical about the idea of an RIC model being transported intact to the colonial Empire.2 As Elizabeth Malcolm has observed in her study of The Irish Policeman, ‘no colonial constabulary was ever an exact replica of the RIC’.3 Indeed, the relationship between policing in the United Kingdom and its counterpart in the British Empire was neither one-way traffic exporting of metropolitan models to the colonies or of importing colonial models to Britain, but rather a process of ‘cross-fertilization’ in which policing models, technologies and personnel were shared between metropole and Empire.4
Post-Surgical Dysphagia: Post-Nissen Fundoplication, C-Spine Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Gastric Banding, Gastric Bypass

Normal deglutition requires complex interactions between the upper aerodigestive tract, the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, and proximal stomach. Altering the form or function of these anatomic structures can lead to dysphagia. This chapter reviews disordered deglutition after common surgical procedures; it also reviews the cause for the dysphagia, its evaluation, and where applicable its management.
Comparisons of imputation methods with application to assess factors associated with self efficacy of physical activity in breast cancer survivors

Missing data are commonly encountered in self-reported measurements and questionnaires. It is crucial to treat missing values using appropriate method to avoid bias and reduction of power. Various types of imputation methods exist, but it is not always clear which method is preferred for imputation of data with non-normal variables. In this paper, we compared four imputation methods: mean imputation, quantile imputation, multiple imputation, and quantile regression multiple imputation (QRMI), using both simulated and real data investigating factors affecting self-efficacy in breast cancer survivors. The results displayed an advantage of using multiple imputation, especially QRMI when data are not normal.
Aquatic Ecosystem Services

Aquatic ecosystem goods and services are the stocks and flows derived from ecosystem processes that have some value to humankind. These values may be direct and apparent, such as the economic value of fisheries, or they may be generated from indirect or unapparent means, such as the benefits accrued from ground water processes that purify drinking water. A number of methods are used to quantify aquatic and other ecosystem services, but this science is still in its infancy, and many issues are not resolved. Among the threats to ecosystem services are the familiar problems of habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, and overuse, all of these exacerbated by the increasing populations of humans as well as their increasing patterns of consumption. Ecosystem service valuation is one way to make the ‘hidden subsidies of Nature’ visible and quantifiable.
Characterization and prediction of tropical cyclone forerunner surge

Abstract Forerunner surge, a water level rise ahead of tropical cyclone landfall, often strikes coastal communities unexpectedly, stranding people and increasing loss of life. Surge forecasting systems and emergency managers almost exclusively focus on peak surge, while much less attention is given to forerunner surge. To address the need for fast and accurate forecasting of forerunner surge, we analyze high-fidelity surge simulations in Virginia, New York/New Jersey and Texas and extract physical scaling laws between readily available storm track information and forerunner surge magnitude and timing. We demonstrate that a dimensionless relationship between central-pressure scaled surge and wind-duration scaled time may effectively be used for rapid forerunner surge forecasting, where uncertainty is considered. We use our method to predict forerunner surge for Hurricanes Ike (2008)—a significant forerunner surge event—and Harvey (2017). The predicted forerunner surge 24 to 6 h before Hurricane Ike's landfall ranged from 0.4 to 2.8 m, where the observed forerunner surge ranged from 0.4 to 2.6 m. This new method has the potential to be incorporated into real-time surge forecasting systems to aid emergency management and evacuation decisions.
Learning from corrective demonstrations

Robots deployed in human environments will inevitably encounter unmodeled scenarios which are likely to result in execution failures. To address this issue, we would like to allow co-present naive users to correct and improve the robot's behavior as these edge cases are encountered over time.
A UAV-based magnetic survey method to detect and identify orphaned oil and gas wells

Abstract Recent advances in autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, along with successful efforts to miniaturize total field magnetometers, offer a unique opportunity to test low-cost ...
Continuous Improvement of Blood Redraw Rates in the Emergency Department: A 5-Year Journey.

To the Editor: We report our 5-year experience with Emergency Department (ED)1 specimen rejection at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Consequences of specimen rejection range from inconvenience to increased lengths of stay and morbidity because of delays in care. Sample hemolysis is a common problem, and evidence-based approaches to avoiding it have included use of a straight needle for venipuncture and avoiding collection of blood from an intravenous start (1). Additional suggested practices without strong evidence include use of phlebotomists for blood draws and collection using a syringe rather than direct collection into vacuum tubes. Our goal was to reduce the specimen recollection rate to <2% (2). We describe the process improvements and other factors that contributed positively and negatively to our success. The most prevalent reasons for specimen rejection in core laboratories include hemolysis and clotting (3). Rejection rates for hemolysis can be modified based on locally determined thresholds and the policy with which laboratories manage hemolyzed specimens that exceed …
Slice-based Learning: A Programming Model for Residual Learning in Critical Data Slices.

In real-world machine learning applications, data subsets correspond to especially critical outcomes: vulnerable cyclist detections are safety-critical in an autonomous driving task, and "question" sentences might be important to a dialogue agent's language understanding for product purposes. While machine learning models can achieve quality performance on coarse-grained metrics like F1-score and overall accuracy, they may underperform on these critical subsets---we define these as slices, the key abstraction in our approach. To address slice-level performance, practitioners often train separate "expert" models on slice subsets or use multi-task hard parameter sharing. We propose Slice-based Learning, a new programming model in which the slicing function (SF), a programmer abstraction, is used to specify additional model capacity for each slice. Any model can leverage SFs to learn slice-specific representations, which are combined with an attention mechanism to make slice-aware predictions. We show that our approach improves over baselines in terms of computational complexity and slice-specific performance by up to 19.0 points, and overall performance by up to 4.6 F1 points on applications spanning natural language understanding and computer vision benchmarks as well as production-scale industrial systems.
1990 Is Diagnosis of Appendix Endometriosis Dependent on Pathologic Analysis?: A Prospective Cohort Study

Study Objective To evaluate the diagnosis of appendix endometriosis in coincidental appendectomy specimens using a standard versus modified pathologic analysis. Design Prospective analysis of 300 consecutive patients who underwent coincidental appendectomy at time of a primary gynecologic procedure. Setting Academic tertiary referral hospital in the Northeastern United States. Patients or Participants Women ages 22 to 52 undergoing gynecologic surgery for the management of endometriosis or chronic pelvic pain. Interventions Each appendix specimen underwent standard pathologic analysis with three sections performed. Modified pathologic analysis, consisting of standard analysis plus serial sectioning and complete evaluation of the remainder of the appendix was then performed. Each specimen served as its own control. A pathologist, blinded to whether the abnormal pathology was identified on standard versus modified pathology, re-reviewed the slides and documented the slide set containing the abnormal pathology. Measurements and Main Results The main outcome measure is detection of appendix endometriosis. Standard analysis identified endometriosis in 7.7% (n=23) of appendix specimens whereas modified analysis identified endometriosis in 9.7% (n=29; OR 1.29, CI 1.05-1.56, p-value 0.01). When all pathology was combined, standard analysis identified abnormal pathology in 9.3% (n=28) of specimens whereas modified analysis identified abnormal pathology in 12% (n=36; OR 1.32, CI 1.09-1.61, p Conclusion Modified pathologic analysis resulted in a significantly higher diagnosis rate of endometriosis and abnormal pathology in coincidental appendectomy performed during a primary gynecologic procedure. Modified pathologic analysis was found to be affordable in this academic tertiary referral center. Implementation of a modified pathologic protocol should be considered to improve diagnosis rates of abnormal pathology in coincidental appendectomy specimens.
Volume Assessment in the Emergency Department

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with various etiologies, and the optimal treatments for each disorder may be different, based on volume and perfusion status. History and physical exam findings such as orthopnea, lower extremity edema, and pulmonary rales are recommended by guidelines, but may have limited accuracy. Biomarkers such as BNP may also aid in the diagnosis of volume overload. Noninvasive measures, such as chest radiography or phonocardiography, may also have limited use. We will also discuss the currently available literature on newer modalities, such as ultrasound measurement of inferior vena cava diameter (IVCd) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA).
Early vaccine advocacy: Medals honoring Edward Jenner issued during the 19th century

The results from the first vaccination experiments published by Edward Jenner in 1798 were widely disseminated and consequently Jennerian vaccination was rapidly introduced in Europe and elsewhere. One of the reasons for the rapid spread of vaccination was that Jenner championed the procedure as a public health tool and not just as a mean to achieve individual protection. Vaccination was promoted by the highest levels of government in Germany where the vaccine was introduced in 1799 and also in France, where the vaccine arrived in 1800. Medals were used to promote vaccination both rewarding parents of vaccinated children as well as meritorious vaccinators. The first medal mentioning the name of Jenner was minted in Germany in 1803 followed by others, minted in Germany, Italy, France and England. Numerous other vaccine medals were made during the 19th century as an early and little known approach to advocating for vaccination.
From S-N to the Paris law with a new mixed-mode cohesive fatigue model for delamination in composites

Abstract The relationship between fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation rate in composites is explored with a new cohesive damage model. The parameters of the model are obtained from idealizations of S-N diagrams used in engineering design. The model assumes that the quasi-static cohesive law that describes tearing is the envelope of the fatigue damage. Fatigue damage within the cohesive envelope accumulates at a rate that satisfies the S-N diagram and Miner’s cumulative fatigue damage rule. The fatigue model was implemented as a UMAT subroutine for Abaqus cohesive elements by adding fatigue damage accumulation within a cohesive model based on the Turon mixed-mode model. The analyses were conducted using a simplified cyclic loading procedure in which the maximum load is applied quasi-statically and load cycling is represented within the constitutive model. The predicted propagation rates of delamination in mode I and mixed mode were compared to experimental results for IM7/8552 graphite/epoxy tape. Several aspects of the results were investigated, including the effects of R-curves, the stress ratio R, and the difference between displacement and force control.
Phase II trial of a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (pTVG-HP) and nivolumab (Nivo) in patients (pts) with nonmetastatic, PSA-recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

TPS273Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) are the gold standard, curative intent treatment for pts with presumed organ-confined PCa. However, about one third of these ...
A chromatographic separation of neptunium and protactinium using 1-octanol impregnated onto a solid phase support

We have developed a new chromatographic method to efficiently separate and isolate neptunium (Np) and protactinium (Pa), based on the selective extraction of protactinium by primary alcohols. The effectiveness of the new technology is demonstrated by efficient separation of 233Pa from parent radionuclide 237Np, using a hydrochloric acid mobile-phase medium. Our new approach reproducibly isolated 233Pa tracer with a yield of 99 ± 1 % (n = 3; radiochemical purity 100 %) and enabled chemical recovery of 237Np parent material of 92 ± 3 % (radiochemical >99 %) for future 233Pa tracer preparations. Compared to previous methods, the new approach reduces radioactive inorganic and organic waste; simplifies the separation process by eliminating cumbersome liquid–liquid extractions; and allows isolation of radiochemically-pure fractions in less than 1 h.
Food Processing: The Meat We Eat

Meat processing technology is used to produce many of the foods we enjoy, such as hot dogs, hamburgers, and chicken nuggets. Recently, the media has focused on certain meat products, giving them names such as “pink slime” and “meat glue.” The names of these products might have many people wondering what we are eating and how the meat we eat is produced. Part of being a good consumer is learning about what you eat, from how the food is made to whether the food is safe. This publication discusses the facts about meat processing so you can make knowledgeable decisions about the meat you eat. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Erica L. Bub, Keith Schneider, Chad Carr, and Matt Hersom, and published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, December 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an283
Structure of human Frizzled5 by fiducial-assisted cryo-EM supports a heterodimeric mechanism of canonical Wnt signaling.

Frizzleds (Fzd) are the primary receptors for Wnt morphogens, which are essential regulators of stem cell biology, yet the structural basis of Wnt signaling through Fzd remains poorly understood. Here we report the structure of an unliganded human Fzd5 determined by single-particle cryo-EM at 3.7 A resolution, with the aid of an antibody chaperone acting as a fiducial marker. We also analyzed the topology of low-resolution XWnt8/Fzd5 complex particles, which revealed extreme flexibility between the Wnt/Fzd-CRD and the Fzd-TM regions. Analysis of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to Wnt3a versus a 'surrogate agonist' that cross-links Fzd to LRP6, revealed identical structure-activity relationships. Thus, canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to be principally reliant on ligand-induced Fzd/LRP6 heterodimerization, versus the allosteric mechanisms seen in structurally analogous class A G protein-coupled receptors, and Smoothened. These findings deepen our mechanistic understanding of Wnt signal transduction, and have implications for harnessing Wnt agonism in regenerative medicine.
Macro: Innovation as Renovated Connections

Due to the upsurge of advanced technology, standardized service ecosystems are progressively losing their humanity. In many of these cases, software, robots, and artificial intelligence are beginning to replace the roles that once belonged solely to humans. Consequently, humans have become engaged with technology and technological actors in unprecedented ways, especially when considering that on any given day humans may interact more with technological actors than with other humans. Researchers who focus on practices, engagement, and service systems can help organizations and managers think more holistically about how to better manage these situations for favorable outcomes. To create this framework, this section begins with literature on practices and engagement, and then links these to the literature on service ecosystems as activities that are renovated by a new idea or value proposition that begins with humans attempting to address issues in their own unique contexts. Owing to the fact that many marketplace situations now include both humans and technological actors interacting for broad periods of activity, it is fundamental to develop a framework for investigating how humans and technological actors fuse together over time in order to improve the well-being of humans.
Experiences of Hispanic Families with Social Services in the Racially Segregated Southeast: Views from Administrators and Workers in North Carolina

North Carolina—as a state in the racially segregated Southeast—offers a unique context to understand access to social services for Hispanic families and children. Theories of administrative burden posit that Hispanic families likely face high learning, compliance, and psychological costs. Hispanic families face challenges that compound these costs: limited English language and literacy proficiency, complex household composition, and citizenship status of family members and other household members. With new survey results and qualitative data on social service administrators and front-line workers, we examine how these costs may affect access to programs for Hispanic families who reside in a state with a history of racial divisions that have shaped local policy implementation. Some workers noted transportation barriers and complex application processes as limiting access. While we expected to find that Hispanic families may be disadvantaged by decentralized service delivery in a manner that is similar to the experiences of African American families, workers instead note significant resources that help facilitate Hispanic families’ access to programs. Workers view national anti-immigrant policies and rhetoric, rather than state and local policy rules or resource constraints, as limiting their capacity to serve Hispanic families.
Religious Practices and the Formation of Subjects

The academic study of religion in the past century has increasingly shifted from the study of religious texts to a broader vision that includes social practices, and this chapter argues that the discipline of philosophy of religion ought to expand its traditional object of study to follow suit. Illustrate how this shift has played out in three anthropological approaches: the Ricoeur-inspired hermeneutic approach of Clifford Geertz, the Foucault-inspired disciplinary approach of Talal Asad, and the Merleau-Ponty-inspired embodiment approach of Thomas Csordas. These approaches are often understood to conflict with each other on questions concerning subjectivity and in particular on the claim that social practices form the subjectivities of the participants. I argue that this disagreement is a philosophical one and that it provides an opportunity for philosophers of religion interested in religious practices to contribute to their theorizing. Properly understood, moreover, the three approaches can be understood to complement each other in a way that leads to an integrated approach so that despite the formation of subjectivity, the body in a religious practice is not only a text that one can read and not only the product of social power but also a perceiving, problem-solving person.
Finite element modeling and assessment of seismic response of electrical substations porcelain post insulators

Abstract The study presented in this paper focused on developing accurate computational finite element (FE) model of electrical substations ceramic (porcelain) post insulators. The objective is to investigate the structural behavior and seismic response of these critical equipment through detailed numerical simulations that can replace or minimize experimental qualification tests and optimize future design of electrical equipment. Detailed three-dimensional solid FE modeling was used to capture the complex geometry of post insulators and the brittle nature of ceramics. Dedicated material characterization tests were utilized to define the porcelain nonlinear material model parameters. The developed model was verified using previously conducted experiments and used to perform linear and nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. A sensitivity parametric study was conducted first to calibrate the model and rank the sources of uncertainties in porcelain insulator modeling using the so-called tornado diagram analysis. The calibrated model was further utilized to carry out nonlinear time history analysis under earthquake excitation and capture the dynamic mode of failure, which is not always feasible to achieve using experimental tests. The study concluded with identification of which modeling parameters significantly affect the simulated structural behavior of post insulators, and compared the inelastic response at failure under static and dynamic loading.
Iodoperchlorobenzene acts as a dual halogen-bond donor to template a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction within an organic co-crystal

The formation of three isostructural co-crystals that utilize iodoperchlorobenzene as a dual halogen-bond donor is reported. These molecular solids are held together by the combination of I⋯N and Cl⋯N halogen bonds to form one-dimensional polymeric chains. Curiously, these co-crystals are isostructural to a series of related solids based upon the isosteric halogen-bond donor 1,4-diiodoperchlorobenzene. It is noteworthy that the co-crystal containing trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene undergoes a near quantitative [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in human melanoma

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- July 20-23, 2008; Monterey, CA A18 In our functional survey of specific melanoma-associated alterations, we found a surprising anti-oncogenic role of beta-catenin signaling. Introduction of a protein-stabilized form of beta-catenin antagonized oncogene (activated Ras and c-Met)-driven transformation of human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs). Tracing the canonical beta-catenin pathway identified GSK-3, a negative regulator of beta-catenin, as a potential molecular target amenable to pharmacologic inhibition in melanoma cells. Treatment of oncogene-transformed HEMs with a small molecular GSK-3 inhibitor, BIO phenocopied the inhibitory effect of beta-catenin overexpression. Whereas the growth of primary HEMs and oncogene-transduced derivatives is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by BIO treatment, the growth of patient-derived melanoma cell lines, in contrast, showed variable sensitivities (over two orders of magnitude) to pharmacologic GSK-3 inhibition. BIO synergized with the p53-MDM2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, in the growth inhibition of susceptible melanoma cells. In addition, cell lines harboring NRAS mutations, compared to those with BRAF mutations or WT NRAS/BRAF alleles, are associated with increased resistance to GSK-3 inhibition. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of genomic mRNA profiles revealed enhanced cellular autophagy to be correlated with increased resistance to BIO-mediated growth inhibition. Relative BIO-resistance correlated with increased GFP-LC3 subcellular punctate localization, a reporter for enhanced autophagolysosomal flux. Additionally, pharmacologic inhibition of the autophagolysosomal pathway enhanced BIO-mediated growth inhibition. Thus, the growth of melanoma cells displays variable sensitivities to GSK-3 inhibition, and survival of melanoma cells in response to acute GSK-3 inhibition may be partially mediated by enhanced cellular autophagy.
Feelings, Forces, and Form

Our study of coherence has sought to lay bare both the potentials for form inherent in the materials the artist engages himself with and the devices and stratagems he may use to gain his purposes, making them virtually extensions of himself. But form will ever suggest “empty formalism,” the “merely formal,” and watchwords such as “formal” and “coherence,” even when used as they are here, may too often suggest only the cerebral or intellectual if not frigidity and death.
Korngrößen und Korngrößenverteilungen

Eine in naturwissenschaftlichen und vor allem auch in technischen Bereichen immer wiederkehrende Aufgabe ist die Bestimmung von Korngrosen sowie die Ermittlung und Darstellung von Korngrosenverteilungen. Die zahlreichen Verfahren, die zur Losung dieser Aufgaben entwickelt und erprobt wurden, unterscheiden sich sowohl hinsichtlich der physikalischen Mesmethode als auch hinsichtlich des erfasbaren Korngrosenbereiches (Tabelle 5 gibt einen Uberblick, welche Korngrosenbereiche mit einigen hier ausgewahlten Verfahren erfast werden konnen).