cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Public Health Emergency in Qiannan Prefecture During 2006-2009

Objective To understand the characteristics of the public health emergency in Qiannan prefecture of Guizhou province,and provide evidence for the development of emergency response strategies.Methods The epidemiological analysis was conducted on the types,characteristics and causes of the public health emergencies occurred in Qiannan from 2006 to 2009.Results A total of 118 public health emergencies were reported during this period,resulting in 2 851 disease cases(including 9 deaths).The average incidence rate of the disease was 25.57% and the case fatality was 0.32%.The public health emergencies caused by communicable disease outbreaks,food poisoning,unknown origin disease outbreak and pollution induced poisoning events accounted for 80.50%,17.79% and 0.85% of the total respectively.The public health emergencies occurred in schools/child care settings,villages in rural area,households in urban area and factories/mines/military bases accounted for 75.42%,22.03 and 0.85% of the total respectively.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the immunization among students and food safety surveillance in rural area to prevent and control public health emergency.
Physical Samples and Digital Libraries

Research in disciplines such as the earth and biological sciences depends on the availability of representative physical samples that have been collected at substantial cost and effort and some are irreplaceable. The EarthCube iSamples (Internet of Samples in the Earth Sciences) Research Coordination Network (RCN), funded by the National Science Foundation, aims to connect physical samples and sample collections across the Earth Sciences with digital data infrastructures to revolutionize their utility in the support of science. The goal of this workshop is to attract a broad audience comprising of earth scientists and other scientists working with physical samples, data curators, and computer and information scientists to learn from each other about the requirements of physical as well as digital sample and collection management.
Percutaneous Direct Annuloplasty: Lessons From an Early Feasibility Trial.

Over the last decade, advances in percutaneous therapies have resulted in more treatment options for patients with valvular heart disease. The success of transcatheter aortic valve replacement has stimulated the field of interventional treatment for other valve diseases, particularly mitral
A comparison of phytoplankton communities of the deep chlorophyll layers and epilimnia of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract Phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity within Great Lakes deep chlorophyll layers (DCL) remain largely uninvestigated. Consequently, the taxonomic makeup of DCL phytoplankton communities, as well as the mechanisms regulating their formation and maintenance, is poorly understood. We examined 6 years of phytoplankton compositional characteristics of Great Lakes summer DCL and epilimnetic communities as well as spring communities from isothermal water columns. DCLs were regularly observed during summer stratification in all lakes with the frequent exception of Lake Erie. Relative compositions of summer chlorophyte and cryptophyte assemblages were not different between the epilimnion and DCL, but DCL phytoplankton communities from other algal groups were distinct from their epilimnetic counterparts and comprised an integration of phytoplankton from the overlying epilimnetic assemblages and relict taxa characteristic of spring. Summer epilimnetic communities were characterized by higher abundances of cyanophytes, and centric diatom communities were dominated by Cyclotella sensu lato (i.e. species within Cyclotella and closely related genera). Cyclotella species exhibited distinct patterns of vertical distribution, with small-bodied taxa being partitioned heavily into the epilimnion, while larger-bodied forms tended to occupy the DCL. Vertical size partitioning was exemplified by larger mean individual cell sizes in epilimnetic siliceous algae (diatoms and chrysophytes) in the DCL compared to the epilimnion, while the opposite pattern was exhibited by cyanophytes. These findings demonstrate the importance of stratification intensity to vertical structuring of summer phytoplankton communities and imply that changing stratification regimes (such as that due to recent climate change) may exert profound effects on Great Lakes primary producer communities.
The Inter-Mammary Sticky Roll: A Novel Technique for Securing a Doppler Ultrasonic Probe to the Precordium for Venous Air Embolism Detection

Venous air embolism is a devastating and potentially life-threatening complication that can occur during neurosurgical procedures. We report the development and use of the "inter-mammary sticky roll," a technique to reliably secure a precordial Doppler ultrasonic probe to the chest wall during neurosurgical cases that require lateral decubitus positioning. We have found that this noninvasive technique is safe, and effectively facilitates a constant Doppler signal with no additional risk to the patient.
Incentives and teacher effort

Few would contest that teachers are a very important determinant of how much students learn in school, and how to improve teacher performance has been the focus of lively policy debate in both rich and poor countries. This paper examines how teacher incentives, both pecuniary and non-pecuniary, correlate with teacher effort. Using school survey data from Lao PDR, we estimate measures of teacher effort, including the number of hours that teachers spend preparing for classes and teacher provision of private tutoring outside of class hours, which are not the typical measures used in previous research. Estimation results fit well under the standard labour supply framework and indicate that greater teacher effort is associated with non-pecuniary incentives such as more teacher autonomy over teaching materials and monitoring as measured by the existence of an active parent–teacher association and the ability of school principals to dismiss teachers. Methodologically, this paper provides a detailed derivation of a simultaneous OLS-probit model with school random effects that can jointly estimate teacher work hours and tutoring provision.
Die Bedeutung der Biologie in der Traumatologie

Es mussen noch Erfahrungen gesammelt werden, inwieweit beim Polytraumatisierten Traumascores Entscheidungshilfen bei der Wahl des Osteosynthese-verfahrens sein konnen. Der Fixateur externe schont die Fragmentdurchblutung am sichersten. Wegen seiner Nachteile geht der Weg zu schonenden internen Stabilisierungsverfahren: „Biologische“Plattenosteosynthese und unaufgebohrter Marknagel. In der Callusdistraktion steht ein Verfahren mit hoher Treffsicherheit zum biologischen Knochenersatz zur Verfugung.
Living anionic polymerization of 4‐diphenylphosphino styrene for ABC triblock copolymers

Living anionic polymerization of 4-diphenylphosphino styrene (DPPS) achieved unprecedented poly(S-b-I-b-DPPS) ABC triblock copolymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. In situ FTIR spectroscopy probed the anionic polymerization, monitoring vinyl disappearance during sequential monomer addition for kinetic analysis. Varying the concentration of reinforcing, polystyrenic external blocks enabled diverse compositions with tunable thermomechanical properties and tailored morphology. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirmed the presence of microphase separation in the triblock copolymers and revealed a broad temperature range (~100 °C) for a plateau region and onset of flow temperatures above 100 °C. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) collectively revealed solid state morphologies of the triblock copolymers and probed phase separation at the nanoscale. Well-defined poly(S-b-I-b-DPPS) ABC triblock copolymers with tunable structure–property relationships now permit phosphorus-containing thermoplastic elastomers for emerging applications.
The cyclin dependent kinase 2 inhibitor downregulates interleukin 1-beta mediated induction of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human lung carcinoma cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4917 Purpose: To establish a correlation between cell cycle regulatory events and COX-2 induction that could potentially represent an attractive target for tumor-specific blockage of COX-2. In this study, we examined the effect of a potent inhibitor of CDK2 (BMS-387032) on cytokine-induced COX-2 expression in non small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Methods: Immunoblot analysis for COX-1, COX-2 and CDK2 detection. Immunoprecipitation and immune complex kinase assay for CDK2 activity. RNase protection assays for COX-2 mRNA detection. Enzyme linked immuno-assays for prostaglandin analysis (PGE2). Luciferase assays to analyze the COX-2 promoter activity. Gelshift assays to identify the transcription factors that regulate COX-2 expression and siRNA analysis. Results: In this study, we furnish several lines of evidences that demonstrate a functional role for the CDK2 in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induced COX-2 expression in H358 human NSCLC line by blocking CDK2 activity. First, we show that BMS-387032, a potent CDK2 inhibitor, blocks IL-1β induced expression as well as steady state mRNA levels of COX-2. Second, we demonstrate that siRNA that abrogates CDK2 expression also blocks IL-1β induced COX-2 expression. Third, results from in vitro kinase assays clearly demonstrate that IL-1β induces CDK2 activity in H358 cells and this activity is significantly inhibited by BMS-387032. Moreover, CDK2 inhibition blocks IL-1β induced binding to the NF-IL6 element of the COX-2 promoter and inhibits transcription of the cox-2 gene. We also observed that BMS-387032 does not inhibit the endogenous expression of COX-2 or prostaglandin synthesis in lung carcinoma cells. Finally, we provide evidence demonstrating that IL-1β induced signaling events such as p38 MAPK, p-SAPK/JNK, p-AKT and p-ERK 1, 2 are not inhibited by CDK2 inhibitor. Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that CDK2 activity may play an important event in the IL-1β induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. We observed that IL-1β induced COX-2 expression is coupled to CDK2 in dividing tumor cells uncovers a new dimension in strategies directed towards tumor specific COX-2 inhibition and makes the cyclin dependent kinase-2 a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NSCLC.
A General Model of the Relationship between the Apportionment of Human Genetic Diversity and the Apportionment of Human Phenotypic Diversity

Models that examine genetic differences between populations alongside a genotype-phenotype map can provide insight about phenotypic variation among groups. We generalize a simple model of a completely heritable, additive, selectively neutral quantitative trait to examine the relationship between single-locus genetic differentiation and phenotypic differentiation on quantitative traits. In agreement with similar efforts using different models, we show that the expected degree to which two groups differ on a neutral quantitative trait is not strongly affected by the number of genetic loci that influence the trait: neutral trait differences are expected to have a magnitude comparable to the genetic differences at a single neutral locus. We discuss this result with respect to population differences in disease phenotypes, arguing that although neutral genetic differences between populations can contribute to specific differences between populations in health outcomes, systematic patterns of difference that run in the same direction for many genetically independent health conditions are unlikely to be explained by neutral genetic differentiation.
Amen, Awareness and Action: Catholic Service-Learning and Critical Consciousness:

The current study examines the meaning that students enrolled in a diverse, urban Catholic high school made of their four-year participation in a mandatory service-learning program. Framed by liber...
The fifth sense: Mechanosensory regulation of alpha-actinin-4 and its relevance for cancer metastasis

Metastatic cancer cells invading through dense tumor stroma experience internal and external forces that are sensed through a variety of mechanosensory proteins that drive adaptations for specific environments. Alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) is a member of the α-actinin family of actin crosslinking proteins that is upregulated in several types of cancers. It shares 86% protein similarity with α-actinin-1, another non-muscle ACTN isoform, which appears to have a more modest role, if any, in cancer progression. While they share regulatory mechanisms, such as phosphorylation, calcium binding, phosphatidyl inositol binding, and calpain cleavage, α-actinin-4 exhibits a unique mechanosensory regulation that α-actinin-1 does not. This behavior is mediated, at least in part, by each protein's actin-binding affinity as well as the catch-slip-bond behavior of the actin binding domains. We will discuss currently known modes of ACTN4 regulation, their interactions, and how mechanosensation may provide major therapeutic targeting potential for cancer metastasis.
Beyond components: Using Fidelity scales to measure and assure choice in program implementation and quality assurance

Fidelity scales have become an accepted part of intervention research. Initially, fidelity scales focused on critical components of an intervention. In this paper we argue that the next generation of fidelity scales should include key process variables such as choice. Since choice is an essential element in all empowerment and recovery driven intervention models, a fidelity scale for an enhanced version of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) supported employment model that incorporates choice as a fundamental component was developed as part of a SAMHSA community action grant. The process for developing the choice component and the dimensions measured are also described.
The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model Revisited: Using Biosocial Criminology to Enhance Offender Rehabilitation:

During the past four decades, researchers and practitioners working in corrections have shifted from a “nothing works” to a “what works” orientation. Emphasizing the importance of adopting evidence...
Strategies to Improve Management of Acute Watery Diarrhea during a Military Deployment: A Cost Effectiveness Analysis

To inform policy and decision makers, a cost-effectiveness model was developed to predict the cost-effectiveness of implementing two hypothetical management strategies separately and concurrently on the mitigation of deployment-associated travelers' diarrhea (TD) burden. The first management strategy aimed to increase the likelihood that a deployed service member with TD will seek medical care earlier in the disease course compared with current patterns; the second strategy aimed to optimize provider treatment practices through the implementation of a Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline. Outcome measures selected to compare management strategies were duty days lost averted (DDL-averted) and a cost effectiveness ratio (CER) of cost per DDL-averted (USD/DDL-averted). Increasing health care and by seeking it more often and earlier in the disease course as a stand-alone management strategy produced more DDL (worse) than the base case (up to 8,898 DDL-gained per year) at an increased cost to the Department of Defense (CER $193). Increasing provider use of an optimal evidence-based treatment algorithm through Clinical Practice Guidelines prevented 5,299 DDL per year with overall cost savings (CER -$74). A combination of both strategies produced the greatest gain in DDL-averted (6,887) with a modest cost increase (CER $118). The application of this model demonstrates that changes in TD management during deployment can be implemented to reduce DDL with likely favorable impacts on mission capability and individual health readiness. The hypothetical combination strategy evaluated prevents the most DDL compared with current practice and is associated with a modest cost increase.
Impact of Transition Metal Cations on the 29Si NMR Signal in Metal Oxide Glasses: A DFT Case Study of Hafnia Silica Glass

We investigate 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts δiso of soda-silica and hafnia-soda-silica glass models by structural modeling and the gauge-invariant projector augmented wave (GIPAW) method within density functional theory (DFT). Models of soda-silica glasses with molar ratios Na2O:SiO2 of 1:2 and 1:3 and hafnia content of 0–10 mol % are generated via a melt-quench procedure and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations. By correlating computed chemical shifts with structural data we establish angular correlation functions for Q2, Q3, and Q4 units in soda-silica glasses. Addition of hafnia to soda-silica glasses results in 6-coordinated Hf surrounded by bridging O under avoidance of direct linkages between Hf-centered octahedra. Hf impacts the structural information that can be gathered from 29Si NMR analysis profoundly: each Hf in second coordination to Si shifts the angular correlation function for Si–O–X (X = Si, Hf) angles by 3–5 ppm. Hence, NMR signals of Q2 and Q3 units may overl...
Model misspecification and assumption violations with the linear mixed model: A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis attempts to synthesize the Monte Carlo (MC) literature for the linear mixed model under a longitudinal framework. The meta-analysis aims to inform researchers about conditions th...
Emerging Insights into Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer:

Head and neck cancer presents primarily as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a debilitating malignancy fraught with high morbidity, poor survival rates, and limited treatment options. Mounting evidence indicates that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in the pathobiology of HNSCC. Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects multiple cellular processes that endow cancer cells with the ability to maintain and expand immature stem-like phenotypes, proliferate, extend survival, and acquire aggressive characteristics by adopting mesenchymal traits. A central component of canonical Wnt signaling is β-catenin, which balances its role as a structural component of E-cadherin junctions with its function as a transcriptional coactivator of numerous target genes. Recent genomic characterization of head and neck cancer revealed that while β-catenin is not frequently mutated in HNSCC, its activity is unchecked by more common mutations in genes encoding upstream regulators of β-catenin, NOTCH1, FAT1, and AJUBA. Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects a wide range epigenetic and transcriptional activities, mediated by the interaction of β-catenin with different transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators and corepressors. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin functions in a network with many signaling and metabolic pathways that modulate its activity. In addition to its effects on tumor epithelia, β-catenin activity regulates the tumor microenvironment by regulating extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrotic processes, and immune response. These multifunctional oncogenic effects of β-catenin make it an attractive bona fide target for HNSCC therapy.
Localizing Asia: Mapping Japan, Asia, and Europe in the Early Modern World

For Japanese intellectuals, the encounter with European geography in the mid-sixteenth century meant more than a simple, physical dilation of the world. More profoundly, it meant overthrowing the traditional Buddhist worldview. In the process of confronting a greatly expanded set of continents, educated Japanese had to fundamentally transform their understanding of Asia. Since the ninth century, the prototype of the world for most Japanese had consisted of Three Sacred Countries—Tenjiku 天竺 (India), Shintan 震旦 (China), and Honchō 本朝 (Japan)—surrounded by numerous minor lands. In a traditional world map, the bulk of the world consisted of India and China, which were always depicted in the center. By contrast, Japan was located to the northeast as one of many peripheral countries. One mission of ancient and medieval monks had been to overcome this miserable situation and articulate Japan’s sacredness if not superiority in the world. In the context of this longstanding challenge, the arrival of European atlases and world maps presented an opportunity as well as a threat. Armed with new knowledge of the globe, some Japanese cartographers leapt at the chance to relativize the position of China and India. Others altered their maps more slowly, and with more reluctance. By illuminating the geographical imagination embodied in early modern world maps, this paper explores the impact of this process on Japan’s traditional Asia-centric worldview.
Metamorphic Belts in Japan and its Environs

A brief account of the present-day tectonics of the Japanese Islands will be given here as a preliminary to detailed discussions of their Mesozoic and older metamorphic belts. The major topography of the Islands is the result of late Tertiary and Quaternary earth movements. It appears, however, that the movements were largely controlled by the thickness of the pre-existing crust which formed by Mesozoic and older orogenies. The Japanese Islands have a thick continental-type crust. The highest area of Japan is the central mountains (called the Japan Alps) of Honshu. Their present height was produced by continual upheaval in the Tertiary and Quaternary. The Quaternary upheaval amounts to 1200 m. On the other hand, this area has the thickest crust in Japan, and the upheaval was controlled probably by the buoyancy of the crust formed by the older orogenies. Therefore, the general shapes of the present-day arcs reflect the features of older orogenic and metamorphic belts.
Towards a Cognitive Memetics: Socio-Cognitive Mechanisms for Memes Selection and Spreading

We start from the autonomy of a cognitive agent relative to social influence and the importance of cognitive constraints in accepting a given meme. In this perspective, Tomasello's model of cultural transmission is discussed. On the basis of general principles of cognitive processing (as the role of interpretation and 'understanding' of the input) we introduce three specific mechanisms for adopting a given behaviour: 'instrumental adoption' based on means-end reasoning and on practical utility (section 2.); normative adoption, where certain behaviours or values are prescribed by social norms and the agent wants to conform to such norms (section 3.); and the social identity mechanism, where the agent imitates a given behaviour of others to be "like them, one of them" (section 4.). Those mechanisms differ one from the other as for the cognitive interpretation of the observed behaviour and for the subjective motives for replicating it. Special attention is devoted to the role of norms as spreading memes and as meme-regulators, and to the role of the inter-group differentiation motive. Principles supporting the diffusion of know how are different from principles supporting the diffusion of know that. Cognitive constraints for belief acceptance are examined (section 6). Finally a more sophisticated model of the cognitive processing of a candidate meme is presented (section 7.) where not only the adoption of a meme but also its diffusion can be the result of a decision of the cognitive agent. Different socio-cognitive micro-mechanisms make different predictions as for their emergent effects; in fact, they have different macro-results in meme propagation. Those examples and models are aimed at claiming that the agents' minds are the most relevant selective environment for memes and the media of their transmission. To understand cultural evolution it is necessary to identify the cognitive principles of the success or selection of memes within minds. Memetics needs cognitive modelling.
The Role of the Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry of Tumors in the Selective Retention of Sensitizers and the Mechanisms of Photosensitized Tumor Destruction

During the last few years there has been a sharp increase in research on photomedicine, i.e., the applications of light (ultraviolet, visible, near infrared) as a tool in the prevention of disease, the preparation of pharmaceuticals, the elucidation of the etiology of disease, and in the diagnosis and treatment of disease (Regan and Parrish, 1982; Smith, 1984; Spikes, 1985). Light can be used in the treatment of disease in two ways, termed phototherapy and photochemotherapy. In phototherapy, the effective light is absorbed by endogenous chromophores, while in photochemotherapy, appropriate light absorbing drugs (termed “dyes” in this review) are administered to the patient prior to light treatment. Much of the recent interest in photochemotherapy has centered on the treatment of tumors. Such therapy offers the possibility of double selectivity for the target tumor by using a light absorbing drug that is taken up or retained specifically by the tumor, followed by illumination of the tumorous area. This review is concerned with those anatomical, physiological and biochemical properties of tumors and of malignant tumor cells that appear to be useful in the development of photochemotherapeutic modalities for tumor treatment.
Transgresser au Maghreb: la normalité et ses dépassements

This book is the product of an international conference held on 21–22 November 2014 on ‘Transgression(s): La normalite et ses depassements en Afrique du Nord’, organised in Tunis under the sponsors...
Self-reported Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States

This study uses National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to examine prevalence and frequency of medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant and nonpregnant women between 2013 and 2017.
The “non-regularizability” of gapless free fermion Hamiltonian protected by on-site symmetries

Abstract The non-regularizability of free fermion field theories, which is the root of various quantum anomalies, plays a central role in particle physics and modern condensed matter physics. In this paper, we generalize the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem to all minimal nodal free fermion field theories protected by the time reversal, charge conservation, and charge conjugation symmetries. We prove that these massless field theories cannot be regularized on a lattice.
The Effect of Trivalent Chromium Process on Al-Zn-In Pigments in Epoxy Primer on the Corrosion Protection of AA2024-T3

Active metal pigments in metal-rich coatings are oxidized preferentially and provide sacrificial protection to more-noble metallic substrates. Al-rich primer (AlRP), which contains pigment particle...
Translation as a New Tool for Philosophizing the Dialectic between the National and the Global in the History of Revolutions: Germanizing the Bible, and Sinicizing Marxist Internationalism

This paper uses Martin Luther and Mao Zedong's translation strategies to philosophize anew the dialectic between the national and the global in the history of revolutions. Luther and Mao each instigated a "revolution" by translating a universal faith into a vernacular; the end product in each case was the globalization of his vernacularized faith and the export of his local revolution all over the world. By vernacularizing a universal faith, Luther and Mao respectively inaugurated a new national idiom, a new national identity and, in the case of Mao, founded a new nation. The far more intriguing phenomenon which I identify – and on which I seek to make my most original contributions is: Protestantism and Maoism developed global reach not despite, but because of, their insistence on a local translation-articulation of a universalist ideology. My paper attends to both the similarities and differences between Luther and Mao.
Writing and identity: Promoting critical discourse amidst double consciousness

Using a multidisciplinary approach to social justice teaching, this article explores the often invisible impact of double consciousness on adult English language learners in the United States and provides examples of classroom practice that invite students to reflect on its effects. The experience of double consciousness is examined as it relates to English language learner identities. A Critical Language Awareness (CLA) framework and identity-conscious teaching practices are explored to encourage student participation and reflection. This approach, demonstrated through examples used in writing classes, encourages the exploration of identity in the face of oppression by interrogating social constructions and fiction and nonfiction stories containing connected themes. Three classroom lessons and consequent writing are analyzed with a critical discourse lens to examine student responses and reflections on language and identity. Student writing demonstrates that encouraging English language classes to interrogate the language of institutionalized inequity and identity formation can illuminate potential influences of double consciousness, which can empower students to think critically about their identities and choose whether to take steps to mediate the ways in which they could be affected by double consciousness.
Epidemiology and trends of adult ice hockey injuries presenting to United States emergency departments: A ten-year analysis from 2007-2016.

Abstract Purpose The adult population is under-represented in existing ice hockey injury studies, despite the number of United States (US) adult ice hockey players increasing from 103,533 in 2007 to 180,400 in 2016 (74%). This study establishes trends in demographics, injury location, and injury type for adult ice hockey players (≥19 years old) in the United States. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for all ice hockey injuries from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016. Cases under age 19 were excluded. Each injury's narrative text field was reviewed to determine mechanism of injury. Results A total of 1,653 patients, representing an estimated 68,786 ice-hockey related injuries, presented to NEISS-participating US EDs. The most commonly injured body parts were the face (n = 12,432, 18.1%), head (n = 10,201, 14.8%), shoulder (n = 9,654, 14.0%) and ankle (n = 5,389, 7.8%). The most common diagnoses made were laceration (n = 18,153, 26.4%), strain/sprain (n = 12,202, 17.7%), fracture (n = 10,079, 14.7%), contusion (n = 9,283, 13.5%) and concussion (n = 4,794, 7.0%). The most common mechanisms of injury were falling (n = 11,786, 18.7%), puck contact (n = 10,544, 15.3%) and player contact (n = 9,449, 13.7%). Concussions increased from 46 in 2007 to 928 in 2016 (R2 = 0.8, β = 0.9, p Conclusions Despite changing trends in age and sex-related demographics, the majority of injuries in this population may be preventable with adequate enforcement of protective gear use. Increased education amongst players, coaches, trainers, orthopaedic surgeons and primary care physicians should be encouraged to minimize injuries.
Exposure to Adverse Events and Associations with Stress Levels and the Practice of Yoga: Survey Findings from a Population-Based Study of Diverse Emerging Young Adults.

Objectives: This study examines the prevalence of exposure to adverse events and associations with stress levels among a diverse population-based sample of young people. The study further explores ...
Adolescent Self-Reported Use of Highly Effective Contraception: Does Provider Counseling Matter?

Abstract Study Objective To examine associations between provider counseling about specific contraceptive methods and method choices reported by adolescents. Design A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of the local 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, to which we added 2 new/modified questions about long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Setting Rochester, New York. Participants Female students in 9th-12th grade in the Rochester City School District. Interventions An anonymous, standardized survey was administered to collect data. Main Outcome Measures We studied associations between students’ reported contraceptive use and counseling (LARC, short-acting contraception [SAC], neither), health care factors, and potential risk/protective factors. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods. Results Among 730 sexually active female respondents, 353/730 (49%) were African American and 182/730 (25%) were Other/Mixed race. 416/730 (57%) used no hormonal method at last sex, and 95/730 (13%) used LARC. 210/730 (29%) of participants recalled any LARC-specific counseling, and 265/730 (36%) any counseling on SAC. Recall of LARC and SAC counseling and use were significantly associated with speaking privately with a provider, but were not related to personal risk/protective factors. Multivariate analyses showed that recollection of LARC counseling was significantly associated with higher odds of using either LARC (adjusted odds ratio, 14.3; P Conclusion Adolescents’ use of LARC was only 13%, but those who recalled contraceptive counseling had higher odds of using some hormonal method. Efforts are needed to improve provider counseling, maintain confidentiality, and identify effective methods to engage adolescents in meaningful, memorable discussions of LARC.
Home Region Focus and Technical Efficiency of Multinational Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Regional Integration

The transaction costs economics (TCE) perspective on regionalization suggests that multinational enterprises (MNEs) would experience advantages from regionalization and, hence, greater technical efficiency from a high home region focus (HRF). We extend this TCE perspective by proposing that whether a regional (i.e., higher HRF) or global (i.e., lower HRF) strategy leads to greater technical efficiency depends on the degree of regional integration (i.e., economic and policy) of the MNEs’ home regions. This is the first study in the regional/global strategies literature to analyze the effects of HRF and regional integration (economic and policy) on firms’ technical efficiency performance. We suggest that advantages from regionalization arise when firms align their HRF strategy with the degree of regional integration; disadvantages from regionalization can arise when the two are misaligned. Our empirical analysis on a sample of 645 manufacturing Triad MNEs during 2000-2006 provides overall support for our conceptual framework.
Posting Alcohol-Related Content and Texting Under the Influence Among Hispanic College Students.

Social media use and texting among college students often coincide with drinking. The present study investigated the associations between monthly alcohol use, social media habits, sharing alcohol references, and drunk texting among Hispanic college students. Participants (n = 620, 71.6% female; Mage = 21.07 years, SD = 3.60) completed an online survey containing: demographics, drug use frequency, Sharing of Alcohol-Related Content on Social Media Sites Scale (SARC), Texting Under the Influence Scale, Strategic Self Presentation Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and iPhone Screen Time. Bivariate correlations assessed relationships between all variables. Six logistic regressions assessed subscales of the SARC, and a linear regression assessed the Texting Under the Influence Scale. Almost 15% of participants met criteria for social media addiction, almost 40% reported ever sharing alcohol posts, and approximately 20% reported drunk texting at least once per month. Participants with iPhones averaged 16.84 weekly hours on social media (based on “screen time”). Frequently posting references of drinking alone was associated with more time on social media, higher social media addiction, and greater public sharing of alcohol content. Conversely, posting references of drinking at social gatherings was associated with privately sharing alcohol references and increased social media addiction. Drunk texting was related to increased age, greater Instagram use, decreased Facebook use, and privately sharing alcohol posts. Findings suggest patterns of drinking and sharing alcohol-related content to inform health promotion efforts, especially while many during COVID-19 are heightening use of alcohol and social media.
Interpreting the Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Socio-Economic Data: A Recent Study

This study explores the deeper meaning of socio-economic frequency distributions, particularly in their accumulated form, called an OGIVE [1]. Due to the obsession of statisticians during the past century with “significance” little attention had been paid to statistical methods in the social sciences [2]. The first part of this study, reviewing the asymmetric nature of frequency distributions of socio-economic data may surprise statisticians in the medical and bio-science fields. Customary measures developed for their symmetric distri- butions do not apply to socio-economic data. The second part of this study deals with the Ogive, a cumulative form of the same frequency data. Textbooks on statistics mention the Ogive only as a curiosity, describing how to construct one. Yet never mentioned is its meaning, its interpretation, its contribution to a fuller understanding of the underlying socio- economic situation This study explores how to extract from an Ogive features of the frequency distribution that otherwise remain unnoticed.
Lab-scaled performance evaluation of novel water-lean solvents for post combustion CO2 capture

Abstract This work focuses on demonstrating the energetic performance and operational reliability in a continuous system of RTI's water-lean solvents for post-combustion CO2 capture applications. RTI's Non-Aqueous Solvent, NAS-1A was subjected to 100 h of continuous, CO2 capture and regeneration operation using a Lab-scale Gas Absorption System (LsGAS) while the CO2 capture efficiency, mass balance, and total energy inputs were monitored. Throughout the test period, NAS-1A demonstrated stable operation with 90% CO2 capture while requiring about 15% lower total energy input for solvent regeneration compared to 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. The use of a slipstream of CO2-rich solvent from the absorber sump reduced the regenerated CO2 temperature before the gas was further cooled by the overhead condenser at the top of the desorber. The rich-split setup combined with a wash section may be an effective approach to remove water and solvent vapor from the regenerated CO2 as well as to recover heat at the top of the desorber. NAS-1B was later developed and included a modifier component that lowers the heat of CO2 absorption and reduces the vapor pressure of the amine component. The total energy inputs for 90% CO2 capture with NAS-1B was found to be 25% less than that of the MEA. A gas chromatograph was used to monitor the amine concentration in the gas leaving the absorber wash section. It was found that under similar operating conditions, the presence of the modifier in NAS-1B reduces the amine in the absorber off-gas from 143 ppm in NAS-1A to 20 ppm.
Personalized Treatment Selection Leads to Low Rates of Local Salvage Therapy for Bone Metastases.

Purpose Local therapy for patients with nonspine bone metastases is evolving, with data supporting the use of single-fraction treatments, and more recently, showing possible benefit from stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). However, the rate of local salvage therapy (LST) after each technique has not been characterized in real-world clinic settings where patients are selected at physician discretion. We examined rates of LST in patients with nonspine bone metastases. Methods and Materials We reviewed records of RT for nonspine bone metastases at our institution from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. We defined LST as the first occurrence of RT or surgery for oncologic progression to a bone metastasis after initial RT. Cumulative incidence functions for retreatment were generated. We conducted multivariate analysis to identify variables associated with LST. Results A total of 1754 patients were analyzed, with median follow-up of 16.2 months (range, 0-36.8 months). Of all episodes of RT, 51.5% were multifraction external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), 7.0% were single-fraction EBRT, and 41.4% were SBRT. Altogether, 88 patients (5.0%) required LST, with an incidence at 6 months of 2.5%. Incidence of LST at 6 months was 2.1% for SBRT, 5.3% for single-fraction conventional regimens, and 2.4% for multifraction conventional regimens (P = .26). Patients of younger age, who had a higher Karnofsky performance status, and/or who had lesions in the pelvis had a higher risk of retreatment. Conclusions In this large institutional cohort, the rate of LST was low, with no difference between RT techniques. The findings indicated that SBRT for patients at high risk for treatment failure may reduce the rate of retreatment overall. When treatment modality was selected based on patient characteristics, rates of LST were lower than when treatment was randomly selected.
Liminal Space of First-Episode Psychosis: Health Management and Its Effect on Social Participation.

IMPORTANCE Managing health requires extensive time and effort, especially in the early stages of a new illness. Although important, health management occupations contribute to treatment burden, disrupt engagement in other occupations, and galvanize the incorporation of the illness into identity. This is especially true for young adults after first-episode psychosis (FEP). OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of health management occupations on the social participation of young adults after FEP. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Community with participants from primarily urban environments. PARTICIPANTS Five adults between 18 and 30 yr old who experienced FEP within the previous 5 yr. Data collection occurred through semistructured interviews, participant observations, and discourse elicitation. Outcomes and Measures: Two participant observations per month for 6 mo with 4 study participants; six observations total for a 5th participant. RESULTS Health management dominated participants' occupations immediately after FEP and hindered their social participation as they experienced a liminal space (i.e., transition space) in their life trajectory. Some participants were "stuck" in this space and deferred life goals to focus on illness management, whereas others used the liminal space as a space for growth and transformation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Health management occupations are essential; however, overemphasizing health management can hinder social participation and quality of life. Occupational therapy practitioners can assist clients with moving through liminal spaces after diagnosis by supporting participation beyond mental health treatment environments, helping clients to imagine alternative life trajectories, and finding strategies to reduce overall treatment burden. What This Article Adds: The concept of liminality holds promise for understanding and supporting health management and social participation after FEP.
The FTC Takes Action on Stop-Foreclosure Scams

vidence that the U.S. is suffering from a home market crisis is reflected in many statistics. One such statistic reflects the fact that at the end of the first half of 2009, 1.2% of all homes in the U.S. had received at least one foreclosure notice. Likewise, the prevalence of scam artists is widespread during the downturn. However, scam artists have expanded their target base to include a new target, desperate homeowners who live in fear of losing their homes. Signs on telephone poles, flyers and television advertisements compete to sell products that purportedly help those about to lose their homes. A few companies have even gone as far as researching public records and legal notices in newspapers looking for their next victims. These scam artists use the findings of their research to send letters directly to homeowners they know are in danger of losing their homes. Like most scam situations, the goal of the scam is to turn a quick profit. Scam artists in the current market do this by making promises of relief to homeowners and then they fail to deliver on these promises. The scam artists often collect fees for fictitious services they claim they are providing to the homeowner. Sometimes the scam artists are even able collect mortgage payments from the homeowner directly and keep the payments
A Design Approach to Problem Difficulty

The last chapter motivated and expanded upon the notion of a building block to understand the raw material available for genetic search. This chapter builds on these ideas to understand the ways in which a GA might succeed or fail depending upon the type of problem it faces. Our approach is to design bounding adversarial problems that represent different dimensions of problem difficulty. Success in this endeavor will allow us to test different algorithms against a limited number of boundedly difficult problems in such a way that algorithm success against the particular problems ensures success against a large class of problems no harder than the test cases. This adversarial design method contrasts sharply with the common practices of using historical, randomly generated, or ad hoc test functions.
Biochemical studies on the induction of chloroplast development in Euglena gracilis. I. Nucleic acid metabolism during induction.

Abstract When heterotrophic Euglena gracilis, either dark-grown or exponentially growing, is transferred to autotrophic conditions, the chloroplasts are preferentially induced to develop while cell division is delayed. The nucleic acid extracts from purified isolated chloroplasts were found to contain all the major molecular species such as soluble RNA, DNA, and ribosomal RNA. During the early hours of chloroplast induction under autotrophic conditions, a chloroplast-specific messenger RNA (mRNA), which is not found under continued heterotrophic conditions, is formed. Treatment with streptomycin and 5-fluorouracil, which are known to inhibit chloroplast development, also inhibit the formation of this mRNA. The induction appears to be very similar to the inducible systems described in bacteria and the evidence indicates that chloroplast DNA is the primer for the newly formed mRNA. Streptomycin appears to block the chloroplast development before transcription at DNA level, while 5-fluorouracil blocks through a general interference with RNA metabolism including that of mRNA.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Studies of maleic anhydride in aromatic solvents

The chemical shift of the protons of maleic anhydride was studied as a function of structure in aromatic solvents, of solvent composition in mixed solvents, of concentration, and of temperature. The large changes in chemical shifts which were observed are attributed to stereospecific association of maleic anhydride with solvent molecules of charge transfer type. The ^(13)C-H and H-H couplings in maleic anhydride were also determined in some of the solvents.
Application of analog joint source-channel coding to broadcast channels

We study the optimization of analog joint source-channel coding schemes based on non-linear mappings for the transmission of independent Gaussian messages over the two user Gaussian Broadcast Channel (GBC). We focus on a low complexity, low delay, analog joint source channel coding communication system based on extensions of existing Nested Quantization techniques. A procedure to optimize the decoding functions is presented, and the performance improvements are assessed through simulation results.
Spitzer, Robert (b. 1932)

Robert L. Spitzer (b. 1932) is often described as the most influential psychiatrist of the twentieth century. He led the task force that developed DSM-III, which revolutionized diagnosis and assessment in psychiatry. In addition, Spitzer made major contributions to psychiatric research, and his legacy includes several of the most widely used assessment tools, including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Keywords: psychopathology; assessment; classification; depression; diagnosis; schizophrenia