cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and composition of a toxin from the posterior salivary gland of Octopus dofleini

Abstract The venom from the posterior salivary gland of the octopus, O. dofleini, was fractionated using gel filtration. A single peak toxic to Crustacea was identified. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the toxin has a molecular weight of 23,000 ± 1000 daltons. It consists of a single subunit with an isoelectric point of 5·2–5·3. This is consistent with the amino acid analysis which indicates a content of 31 aspartic and 27 glutamic residues in contrast to 10 lysine and 7 arginine. The toxic activities are notably resistant to proteolytic destruction but can be destroyed by boiling for 10 min.
Practical psychotherapy: how practice guidelines can rescue psychotherapy in public systems.

Modern psychiatrists, especially those who struggle with overwhelming clinical responsibilities and limited resources in public mental health systems, can probably empathize with their ancient physician brethren. Practice guidelines can have a powerful influence on decisions about quality and support. This potential motivated us in the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health to undertake the development of clinical guidelines. What follows is an account of our rationale for developing the psychotherapy guidelines quickly and of the process we used to do so. Interested readers can find the guidelines on our Web site at http://dmh.
Round-robin Analysis of Standard Data Sets for Fracture Toughness Evaluation in ASTM E1820

A set of standard data sets from typical fracture toughness tests was used in an analytical round-robin to determine whether the proposed data sets were suitable for use as adjuncts to ASTM E1820-09, “Standard Test Method for the Measurement of Fracture Toughness.” Four laboratories participated in the round-robin and submitted analyses of all of the data sets. The results showed good agreement among the laboratories on the individual J-integral calculations and crack size estimates. However, small differences in the estimated crack extension during the tests led to large uncertainty in the calculated fracture toughness of up to 20 % of the mean value of the fracture toughness from all of the laboratories for the data set. A synthesized test record that eliminated the nonlinear behavior commonly observed in unloading compliance test records was developed and distributed to the participants. There was excellent agreement among the results from all participants for the synthesized data set. The standard data sets were determined to be suitable for validating analysis programs for calculating fracture toughness in accordance with ASTM E1820. The uncertainty in the calculated fracture toughness could be reduced by prescribing in the test method exactly which data points in an unload are to be used for estimating the crack length, rather than letting the user decide which data points to include.
Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on rat motoneurons are mediated by G proteins

Abstract Numerous transmitter receptors are linked via GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to membrane phosphoinositide metabolism by phospholipase C (PLC) and generation of second messengers such as activated protein kinase C (PKC), inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and/or elevations in intracellular calcium. In many cases, these same receptors also inhibit a resting (‘leak’) potassium current ( I K(L) , thereby depolarizing neurons. It is unclear if activation of this PLC pathway mediates inhibition of I K(L) by neurotransmitter receptors. Therefore, we tested the contribution of this pathway to the TRH-induced inhibition of I K(L) in rat hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) using conventional intracellular recording in brainstem slices. When HMs were recorded with electrodes containing 3 M KCl or mM GTP (in KCl), TRH induced a depolarization that recovered quickly (within 8–10 min) and could be repeated with only modest tachyphylaxis ( ). However, with electrodes containing the non-hydrolyzable G protein activator, GTPγS (10 mM), the TRH-induced depolarization was long lasting (up to 1 h); with electrodes containing the G protein inhibitor, GDPβS (20 mM) the tachyphylaxis with repeated TRH application was exaggerated ( ≈ 60%). Activation of PKC by phorbol dibutyrate (10 μM in perfusate) neither mimicked nor occluded the effects of TRH. There were no effects on membrane potential, input resistance ( R N ) or the response to TRH in HMs during long recordings with electrodes containing high concentrations of IP 3 (60 mM). The effect of TRH was not blocked in HMs impaled with electrodes containing either of two calcium chelators (0.1 M EGTA; 5 mM BAPTA) even though both EGTA and BAPTA abolished the calcium-dependent AHP. Further, activation of adenylate cyclase (AC) by forskolin had essentially no effect on HMs or on their response to TRH. Together, these results indicate that G proteins mediate the response of HMs to TRH; the effects of TRH are apparently independent of activation of PKC or AC, and do not involve increases in intracellular IP 3 and calcium concentration.
The parallel expression of metal tolerance in pollen and sporophytes of Silene dioica (L.) Clairv., S. alba (mill.) krause and Mimulus guttatus DC

The purpose of this paper was to determine if heavy metal tolerance was expressed in pollen and if its expression was correlated with the tolerance of the pollen source. Clones of Silene dioica, tolerant to zinc, closely related but nontolerant S. alba and clones of Mimulus guttatus tolerant and sensitive to copper were grown in the greenhouse in either standard potting soil or nutrient culture. Pollen was collected shortly after dehiscence, hydrated, and tested over a broad range of metal concentrations. The tolerance of the pollen source was determined by comparing root growth in solutions with and without heavy metals. In both Silene species and M. guttatus, the tolerance of the parental clone was expressed in its pollen. Pollen from tolerant individuals was able to germinate and grow at concentrations of metals which markedly inhibited pollen from nontolerants.
Nazi Labour Camps in Paris: Austerlitz, Lévitan, Bassano, July 1943–August 1944. By Jean‐Marc Dreyfus and Sarah Gensburger. Translated by Jonathan Hensher. (New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2011. Pp. x, 168. $70.00.)

“For more than two years, … Paris … [was] criss‐crossed almost daily by lorries on their way to pick up furniture and other objects from … Jewish apartments” (22). Thus begins an early section of t...
Ethical Decisions at the Heart of Teaching: making sense from a constructivist perspective

Abstract The ethical dimensions of teaching involve complex decisions found in the sense‐making process and deeply embedded in the professional lives of teachers. These decisions take the form of ethical dilemmas which catalyse internal conflict within teachers and lack clear paths to solution. In our efforts to understand the ethical dimensions of teacher knowledge we have moved outside the traditional premises of moral philosophy. A constructivist epistemology serves as our interpretive framework and informs our questions about the nature of ethical dilemmas encountered in teaching. We have applied constructivism to the development of a theory of referents as a means of insight into the ethical dimensions of science teaching and learning. This interpretive study of a middle school science teacher examines how key referents such as constructivism, emancipatory learning, control and social expectations influence the nature of practice in the context of teaching science.
Glucagon levels in pancreatic extracts and plasma of the lizard

Levels of glucagon in the splenic pancreas and in plasma of the lizard Anolis carolinesis were estimated by radioimmunoassay. The splenic pancreas of Anolis has a glucagon concentration nearly a 1000 times greater, on a weight basis, than that of the mammalian pancreas. Glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) of anolian plasma varied over a wide range, but relative to mammals the GLI levels were inappropriately elevated for the concentration of plasma glucose. The anole may prove valuable in studies on the regulation of glucagon secretion, particularly as related to alpha cell function in the diabetic state.
A broadcast and multicast-enabled switch architecture utilizing a gateless channel selection scheme

We experimentally demonstrate a new switch architecture that supports simultaneous multicasting/broadcasting for all input ports. Unlike existing architectures, it does not require any optical ON-OFF gates, and is transparent to signal modulation format and bit-rate.
Beyond diversity training: A social infusion for cultural inclusion

Contemporary organizations, in an effort to reap the benefits of a diverse workforce, continue to spend millions of dollars on diversity training despite the tendency of such training to either fail or result in less than desired outcomes. We introduce an alternative, strategic approach to organizational diversity designed to create a more inclusive “culture of diversity.”This long-term, relational approach emphasizes an attitudinal and cultural transformation, requiring managers to “break barriers” by moving away from “managing diversity” toward “managing for diversity” to capitalize on the unique perspectives of a diverse workforce. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relation between villus formation and the pattern of extracellular fibers as seen by scanning microscopy

Abstract Duodenal morphogenesis in the chick embryo has been studied to see if changes in organization of extracellular fibers are associated with villus formation. Three major processes occur during morphogenesis; longitudinal ridges form, then these ridges become zigzag in shape, and finally a double row of villi form from each zigzag ridge. Tissues of different developmental stages were progressively trypsinized to remove cellular material and were prepared for scanning microscopy to show the organization of extracellular fibers. Results show that fiber systems of increasing complexity form as the dudoenum develops, and suggest that some cellular events such as initial ridge formation precede these changes. Tissues with longitudinal ridges contain only randomly organized fibers. In tissues with zigzag ridges, oriented fibers appear along the ridges and some extend laterally from flexures of each zigzag ridge, but interridge fibers are still randomly organized. When villi form, fibers in the body of the villus are random but fibers at the base of villi and between villi are highly oriented. Transmission microscopy and collagenase treatment of partially trypsinized tissue indicate that most, if not all extracellular fibers viewed by scanning microscopy are collagenous. Therefore, since collagen fiber organization is so closely related to morphogenetic changes, we presume it plays an important role.
Vocal control by the common marmoset in the presence of interfering noise

The natural environment is inherently noisy with acoustic interferences. It is, therefore, beneficial for a species to modify its vocal production to effectively communicate in the presence of interfering noises. Non-human primates have been traditionally considered to possess limited voluntary vocal control, but little is known about their ability to modify vocal behavior when encountering interfering noises. Here we tested the ability of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to control the initiation of vocalizations and maintain vocal interactions between pairs in an acoustic environment in which the length and predictability (periodic or random aperiodic occurrences) of interfering noise bursts were varied. Despite the presence of interfering noise, the marmosets continued to engage in antiphonal calling behavior. Results showed that the overwhelming majority of calls were initiated during silence gaps even when the length of the silence gap following each noise burst was unpredictable. During the periodic noise conditions, as the length of the silence gap decreased, the latency between the end of noise burst and call onset decreased significantly. In contrast, when presented with aperiodic noise bursts, the marmosets chose to call predominantly during long (4 and 8 s) over short (2 s) silence gaps. In the 8 s periodic noise conditions, a marmoset pair either initiated both calls of an antiphonal exchange within the same silence gap or exchanged calls in two consecutive silence gaps. Our findings provide compelling evidence that common marmosets are capable of modifying their vocal production according to the dynamics of their acoustic environment during vocal communication.
Taurine Potentiates the Efficacy of Hypothermia

To assess the protective effect of exogenous taurine on the central nervous system, spinal cord ischemia was induced for 60 minutes in 16 rabbits randomized into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 5) had hypothermia targeted to 30.5°C and 10 mmol·kg−1 taurine, group 2 (n = 5) had hypothermia targeted to 29.5°C, and group 3 (n = 6) had hypothermia targeted to 30°C. Group 1 was cooled to 30.6 ± 0.07°C and group 2 was cooled to 29.4 ± 0.07°C; both had total functional recovery (rabbits able to keep normal posture, to walk, and to hop) within 6 hours of reperfusion. None of the group 3 animals that were cooled to 29.9 ± 0.05°C recovered function. It was concluded that taurine combined with hypothermia protected the spinal cord from 60 minutes of ischemia at a temperature that could not otherwise ensure protection. The protective effect contributed by taurine was equivalent to 1.2°C.
Entorhinal cortex volume in older adults: Reliability and validity considerations for three published measurement protocols

Measuring the entorhinal cortex (ERC) is challenging due to lateral border discrimination from the perirhinal cortex. From a sample of 39 nondemented older adults who completed volumetric image scans and verbal memory indices, we examined reliability and validity concerns for three ERC protocols with different lateral boundary guidelines (i.e., Goncharova, Dickerson, Stoub, & deToledo-Morrell, 2001 ; Honeycutt et al., 1998 ; Insausti et al., 1998 ). We used three novice raters to assess inter-rater reliability on a subset of scans (216 total ERCs), with the entire dataset measured by one rater with strong intra-rater reliability on each technique (234 total ERCs). We found moderate to strong inter-rater reliability for two techniques with consistent ERC lateral boundary endpoints (Goncharova, Honeycutt), with negligible to moderate reliability for the technique requiring consideration of collateral sulcal depth (Insausti). Left ERC and story memory associations were moderate and positive for two techniques designed to exclude the perirhinal cortex (Insausti, Goncharova), with the Insausti technique continuing to explain 10% of memory score variance after additionally controlling for depression symptom severity. Right ERC-story memory associations were nonexistent after excluding an outlier. Researchers are encouraged to consider challenges of rater training for ERC techniques and how lateral boundary endpoints may impact structure-function associations. ( JINS , 2010, 16 , 846– 855 .)
Deep-Structure Syntactic Relations: to-be-Retrieved Information and Retrieval Cues in Prompted Sentence Recall:

The saliency of deep-structure syntactic relations in the memory representation of sentences was investigated using two measures of saliency: accessibility as to-be-recalled information and ability to access other sentence information. A cued-recall task employed sentences in which the semantic, deep-structure syntactic, and surface-structure syntactic relations were varied orthogonally across target nouns. In one condition, the target noun served as the retrieval cue for the rest of the sentence, and in the second condition, all the words in the sentence excluding the target noun were used as a retrieval cue for the target noun. When the sentence served as the recall cue, the surface-structure object of the preposition was better recalled than the surface-structure subject. When the target noun served as the retrieval cue, the surface-structure subject was a better recall cue than the surface-structure object of the preposition. There was no significant difference between the deep-structure subject and d...
Interfacial Chemistry of InP/GaAs Bonded Pairs

The interfacial chemistry of InP/GaAs direct bonding with either 5% HF in water or HF:ethanol (1:9) chemical pretreatments was investigated. Multiple internal transmission-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MIT-FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to probe the bonding interface. The bond strength was measured as a function of annealing conditions and prebonding chemical treatment. The HF-based pretreatments remove the initial native oxide, leaving an interfacial layer of either water or ethanol. The initial room-temperature bond strength is primarily determined by the strength of hydrogen bonding, which, in turn, is a function of the prebonding treatment. The removal of interfacial water and ethanol, and with the subsequent formation of the oxide layer, leads to an increased bond strength. For ethanol-based HF treatments, ethanol appears to react with the underlying interfacial oxide layer through a complex interaction with the absorbed water. After annealing, the bond strength for all prebonding preparations can reach a high value, comparable to the fracture strength of the InP. The oxide composition after thermal annealing shifts from In2O3 to the eventual thermodynamic equilibrium product, InPO4.
Unusual Cause of Severe Back Pain in a Patient with Isolated IgG Deficiency (P5.113)

BACKGROUND: IgG-deficiency is usually seen as a part of common variable immunodeficiency accompanied by other immunoglobulin classes deficiencies, but it has been reported as an isolated finding producing recurrent infections. Here we present an unusual case of isolated IgG-deficiency presenting with an excruciating back pain. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report RESULTS: A 39 year-old male with a history of multiple episodes of pneumonia and meningitis had recurrent back pain. MRI demonstrated pachymeningitis which was confirmed by biopsy. Immune studies were consistent with IgG-deficiency and IVIg therapy was instituted. Several months later he presented with worsening back pain radiating from the thorax and exacerbated by movements. The pain was 10/10, sharp with an electrical quality on a background of a constant pain. His exam showed a distressed patient, with a limited motor function due to back pain, and a sensory deficit up to a lower-thoracic level. Spinal cord MRI scan showed a midthoracic spinal cord hyperintensity associated with anterior adhesions of pachymeningitis. Fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture revealed an opening pressure of 32 and resulted in a dramatic improvement of his symptoms. Fluid analysis showed WBC of 75, RBC of 0, protein of 927 and a positive HSV II by PCR. The pain recurred few days after the procedure raising concerns for obstruction of CSF flow. Lumbar CT myelogram showed complete block at the midthoracic level with absence of the contrast above. Treatment with acyclovir continued which, along with the fluid removal, led to the patient’s discharge at an acceptable pain level. Lumbar drain was planned. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a case of pachymeningitis in an IgG-deficient individual resulting in CSF blockade and debilitating back pain that improved immediately with CSF removal in a manner similar to idiopathic intracranial hypertension. We hypothesize that the CSF obstruction has resulted in roots stretching leading to this unusual presentation. Disclosure: Dr. Zidan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bradshaw has received research support from Cytokinetcs.
Simultaneous stabilization of a class of multiplicatively perturbed plants

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for stabilizability of a given linear, time-invariant, multi-input multi-output plant under unknown sensor failures of a prespecified channel. This problem is equivalent to simultaneous stabilization of a nominal plant and a multiplicatively perturbed plant, where the multiplicative perturbation is unknown but stable. A class of simultaneously stabilizing controllers are proposed for the nominal plant under such unknown perturbations.
The FDA: Doctors, Investigators, and Translational Research.

The policies of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will affect the developmental course of any therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventative agent aimed at being marketed in the United States. As such, the FDA impacts almost all translational research. Put more bluntly, no research will be translated as a product to the US medical market until it is approved by the FDA.
Flock Workers' Exposures and Respiratory Symptoms in Five Plants

Background Sentinel cases of lymphocytic bronchiolitis in flock production and coating operations triggered afive-plant study of airborne respirable dust andfiberexposures and health symptoms. Methods Job histories from 219 current workers were linked to a job-exposure matrix derived from personal exposure measurements of respirable dust and fibers. Univariate group comparisons and multivariate modeling tested for relations between indices of cumulative and current exposure, and respiratory and systemic symptom outcomes. Results Respiratory symptoms and repeated flu-like illnesses were associated with use of compressed air to clear equipment (blow-downs) and with respirable dust exposure (current and cumulative) after controlling for smoking. Blow-downs had an equal or greater effect than smoking status on most symptoms. Conclusions Eliminating compressed aircleaning, engineering control of dust exposure, and respirators are needed to limit exposures to particulates. Longitudinal follow up may provideguidanceforadustorfiberlevelwithoutadverserespiratoryhealtheffects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:144–152, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. {
Monoline Restrictions, with Applications to Mortgage Insurance and Title Insurance

Insurance firms in the United States generally operate on a multiline basis, meaning that they provide coverage for two or more insurance lines, such as auto and homeowner insurance. Most states, however, require that firms offering mortgage or title insurance operate on a monoline basis, meaning that an insurance firm may provide cov- erage against only one type of risk. This paper investigates the conditions under which monoline restrictions represent efficient regulatory policy. Monoline requirements are an intriguing issue because multiline insurance firms receive the diversification benefit that the firm's capital is available to pay insurance claims on any of its lines. The paper shows, however, that the specific features of the mortgage and title insurance lines cre- ate a special case in which monoline restrictions may represent efficient regulatory policy.
Coasean Blind Spots: Charting the Incomplete Institutionalism

This Article outlines what I refer to as the "incomplete institutionalism" of law and economics, a condition that weakens the field's predictions for bargaining and what it has to say about regulatory choice. I chart this condition, borne out of our failure to finish the work that Coase began on institutions, in the area of environmental law. Scholars concerned with the pollution problem make ample use of Calabresi and Melamed's Cathedral framework, one of the most powerful lenses in legal scholarship. Yet as it is applied in the form of arguments over transaction costs, there are cracks in the glass that blur how we choose among competing regulations. A more complete account of institutions, building on advancements in organization theory, reveals a second set of transaction costs that arise as firms make decisions and carry out regulatory initiatives. These costs rival the holdout, free rider, and bilateral monopoly costs that are of primary interest to property theorists. If properly addressed, they can lead to dramatic improvements in environmental protection.
Sequential ionic and conformational signaling by calcium channels drives neuronal gene expression

Voltage-gated CaV1.2 channels (L-type calcium channel α1C subunits) are critical mediators of transcription-dependent neural plasticity. Whether these channels signal via the influx of calcium ion (Ca(2+)), voltage-dependent conformational change (VΔC), or a combination of the two has thus far been equivocal. We fused CaV1.2 to a ligand-gated Ca(2+)-permeable channel, enabling independent control of localized Ca(2+) and VΔC signals. This revealed an unexpected dual requirement: Ca(2+) must first mobilize actin-bound Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, freeing it for subsequent VΔC-mediated accumulation. Neither signal alone sufficed to activate transcription. Signal order was crucial: Efficiency peaked when Ca(2+) preceded VΔC by 10 to 20 seconds. CaV1.2 VΔC synergistically augmented signaling by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, VΔC mistuning correlated with autistic symptoms in Timothy syndrome. Thus, nonionic VΔC signaling is vital to the function of CaV1.2 in synaptic and neuropsychiatric processes.
Differential renal effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition in sodium-replete and sodium-deprived dog

We studied the renal effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor sodium meclofenamate (M) (5 mg/kg, iv) in the pentobarbital-anesthetized dog that had been maintained on an elevated (100 meq/day) or on a reduced (<5 meq/day) sodium intake, and during the administration of angiotensin II in the sodium-replete dog, or the angiotensin receptor blocker [Sar1–Ala8]angiotensin II in the sodium-deprived dog. In the sodium-replete dog, M did not affect mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or urine volume (V), but reduced the urinary excretion of sodium (UNa V) by 47%, and of immunoreactive PGE2 (iPGE2) by 90%. However, in the sodium-replete dog during angiotensin II infusion (3 ng · kg-1 · min-1, iv), M reduced RBF by 35%, GFR by 24%, V by 71%, and iPGE2m by 94%. Similarly, in the sodium-deprived dog M reduced RBF by 34%, GFR by 28%, and iPGE2 excretion by 89%. However, M did not affect RBF or GFR in the sodium-deprived dog during infusion of [Sar1-Ala8]angiot...
Mapping Protective Epitopes for Anthrax and Plague Vaccine Antigens by LC-MS/MS

Introduction Anthrax and plague, caused by Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, are two highly infectious and lethal bacterial diseases that have greatly impacted human history. Effective new medical protections against these diseases are sought for national defense, homeland security, and world wide public health. The present US-licensed vaccine for anthrax contains precipitated formaldehyde-treated bacterial culture supernatant and was engineered four decades ago. Although effective, it has experienced numerous difficulties during the past decade of increased use. New investigational products based on a defined antigen [1] and intended to replace the current vaccine are in clinical testing. Similarly, candidate vaccines against plague are under development [2] because the former US-licensed plague vaccine was ineffective and is no longer manufactured. The active pharmaceutical ingredients for each of these new subunit vaccines are whole-protein antigens [1,2], discovered and vetted over several years time using well-established and conventional research methods. Finished products suitable for human use are anticipated only after several more years of development and testing, as is normal for product development lifetimes. However, recent events underscore the need for improved technologies to detect, treat, and prevent new biological threats that may combine multiple agents or could harbor engineered properties. Therefore, it is important that novel medical countermeasures are discovered and enter development soon for future deployment. Peptide methodologies are being applied as part of a larger effort toward this objective. We have developed an immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS method to better define the binding sites on protective antigen (PA) from B. anthracis and virulence antigen (V) from Y. pestis by antibodies previously shown to be protective in animal models against anthrax intoxication and pneumonic plague. Iterative optimization of methods for sample preparation, data collection and results analysis, plus access to protective antigens for two different disease systems and their neutralizing monospecific antibodies were important in developing a reproducible method. Our findings further define the protective elements of these antigens, and indicate that this method is generally applicable for characterizing epitopes of antibody:antigen complexes.
Abstract PR04: Cancer drug response networks built for comparative cancer pharmacogenomics identifies combination therapies for repositioning

We present an integrative framework for classifying drug response: CAncer Drug Response nEtworks (CADREs). We built CADREs for drugs with differential sensitivity profiles in cancer cell lines by integrating baseline copy number, gene expression, and drug sensitivity data for the cell lines. The nodes in the network are drugs and the edges are weighted according to the number of shared copy number variations, differentially expressed genes, and dysregulated pathways present in sensitive cell lines at baseline. These baseline features were mapped into pathways to generate a Pathway CADRE, and were also integrated into a differential gene expression and copy number Feature CADRE. CADREs were built for breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers individually and combined to assess shared and unique features of drug sensitivity. Analyzing CADRE clusters associated multiple gene features and pathways with sensitivity to frontline therapies used in combination in these cancers. We identified four clusters of breast cancer drugs whose effectiveness is driven by a shared core of pathways. Compounds that were used in combination in clinical trials tended to not share an edge or are completely disconnected in networks. Specifically, ten such drug pairs in our breast CADREs have been found to work in combination in breast cancer and an additional five have been used in combination in other cancers, representing opportunities for repositioning these combinations in breast cancer. Examining highly interconnected CADRE nodes gave us an understanding for compounds that might work best together. Citation Format: Douglas Brubaker, Elena Svenson, Smith Kai, Maya Monroe, Christopher Ryu, Goutham Narla, Mark R. Chance, Gurkan Bebek. Cancer drug response networks built for comparative cancer pharmacogenomics identifies combination therapies for repositioning. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-43.
Innovativer Prüfstand für Lenksysteme

Die grose Anzahl neuer Technologien und die immer kleiner werdende Zeitspanne bis zur Markteinfuhrung sind Schlusselelemente in der Entwicklung heutiger Fahrzeuge. Dies zwingt den Automobilingenieur dazu, seine Entwicklungswerkzeuge und -ablaufe anzupassen. Ford hat daher einen Lenksystem prufstand als Hilfsmittel zur Entwicklung zukunftiger Lenksysteme eingerichtet. Obwohl weiterhin Fahrversuche auf der Strase ihren Platz im Entwicklungsprozess behalten werden, kann so die notwendige Entwicklungszeit durch eine Verlagerung von der Test- auf die Verifikationsphase verkurzt werden.
122-P: CONSIDERING HLA-C MATCHING FOR SINGLE CORD BLOOD UNIT (CBU) TRANSPLANTS

Aim Current practice for identifying a suitable 4/6 matched CBU is antigen level matching at HLA-A and B and allele level matching at HLA-DRB1, while matching at HLA-C is not typically considered. Recent studies have suggested that matching at HLA-C may improve transplant related mortality (Eapen et al., 2011). Determining the availability of a suitably matched (x/8) CBU is important for potentially improving transplant related outcomes for patients. Methods We examined a cohort of single CBU transplants from December to February 2012 to determine if a better matched (antigen level at HLA-A, B, C and allele level at HLA-DRB1, x/8) unit was available in the Be The Match Registry®. The better matched unit had to retain the traditional 4/6 or better match category (MC) and a minimum cell dose of 2.5 × 107 TNC/kg or no lower than the selected unit TNC. CBU without HLA-C typing were considered matched if algorithm predictions were ⩾50%. Results 119 single CBU transplant cases were assessed. 79 (66%) of these cases selected the best matched unit. 40 (34%) had a better matched x/8 unit available, where 36 (90%) improved one MC (x/8) and four cases (10%) improved two MCs. The cell dose of the better matched unit was lower in 57.5% of cases, with the median change in cell dose of −9.3%. Conclusions The benefit of HLA-C matching for CBU transplant has not been fully elucidated. This analysis highlights that although current practice may not always consider HLA-C matching, often a similar or better matched unit is available including HLA-C. This study cannot account for the myriad of factors considered in CBU selection such as cell dose, mismatching at a particular locus (e.g. HLA-DRB1), previous confirmatory typing, patient antibodies, CBU protocols or physician preference. These data indicate that when solely considering HLA matching in CBU selection, units that also matched at the C locus while maintaining similar unit cell dose were available.
Systemic Insecticides for Control of the Boll Weevil and the Cotton Fleahopper

In field experiments Temik®, a 10% granular formulation of UC-21149 (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime) applied in the furrow when the cottonseed was planted, controlled thrips. Frallkliniella spp., for 5-6 weeks and the cotton flea-hopper, Psallus serialus (Reuter), for about 9 weeks after planting. Used as a sidedressing, Temik gave control of the overwintered boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis is Boheman, that was comparable to that of 2 foliar applications of azinphosmethyl and seasonal control of the cotton fleahopper. Although populations of Heliothis spp. remained light and below damaging levels. more eggs and larvae were found in the terminals, and more injured squares and bolls were found on cotton plants side-dressed with Temik than were found on untreated plants or on plants treated with azinphosmethyl. Also 1 application of Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl. cis -cro: tonamide dimethyl phosphate) to the stems of cotton plants at 0.5 Ib per acre gave seasonal control of the cotton fleahopper.
Investigation on the Knowledge and Attitude to AIDS of High Risk Populations in Place of Entertainment

Objective:To understand the knowledge and attitude to AIDS in place of entertainment.Methods:Questionnaire practitioner in recreation sites by group sampling method was used.Results:The ratio of people with integral AIDS information was 68.3%,The ratio of people who understanded the three major AIDS transmission routes was 85%.Bue the identification of non-effective transmission routes was not clear.Knowledge level was influenced by age,education level,occupation time,marriage,and major growing feld.Conclusion:AIDS health education should focus on those people who are young,still with a short living period in Shenhe,and with poor education of coming from ruyal area.Activated panel is used to explain the information that daily contact is not an effective transmission route.
How firm is your digital handshake?: Mission statements and transparency

Abstract This study examined the effectiveness of mission statements of the 2014 top 100 and bottom 100 Fortune 500 list based on their inclusion of 10 key components and if they represented the four themes of transparency. Analysis revealed product/service and customers were the most prevalent mission statement components, while excellence topped the transparency variable.
Development of the Pacific Groundfish Trawl IFQ Market

AbstractIn-season transferability of quota plays an important role in multispecies individual fishing quota (IFQ) systems since fishermen often need to acquire quota to balance incidental catch. The optimal utilization of quotas is thus dependent on development of an efficient quota market, but markets in multispecies IFQ fisheries develop slowly and may fail to perform efficiently even after several years. In 2011 an IFQ system was implemented for the Pacific groundfish trawl fishery in the US. After four years, the quota market does not appear to be yielding efficient prices for many species or distributing quota efficiently. I explore the structure and performance of the QP market and discuss the impediments to market efficiency. Drawing from theory and experience in other multispecies IFQ systems, I discuss other quota distribution and catch-balancing mechanisms that can supplement and perhaps improve inefficient markets and enable higher quota utilization rates.
UDE-based dynamic surface control for strict-feedback systems with mismatched disturbances

This paper proposes a new method for the tracking control problem of strict-feedback systems with mismatched disturbances. The method, called the uncertainty disturbance estimator (UDE), is introduced into the conventional backstepping scheme to handle the mismatched disturbances due to its excellent performance in handling uncertainties and disturbances yet a simple control scheme. The dynamic surface control (DSC) is adopted to overcome the “explosion of complexity” problem in the backstepping scheme. Compared to the existing work in the literature, the backstepping deviation term between the synthetic virtual control and system state, is lumped into the “disturbance-like” term, together with the DSC filtering error and mismatched disturbances. The lumped term is then handled by the UDE method at each step, which simplifies the control design and analysis. In addition, the marriage of UDE with backstepping also relaxes the structural constraint of the UDE design for mismatched uncertainties. The uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is proved. Both numerical simulation and experimental validation are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
'Spread Index:' A Metric for Identifying When Work is Completed and Quantifying Procrastination in Self-Paced, Online Teacher Professional Development Courses

Instructional online teacher professional development (oTPD) courses have afforded teachers with a greater ability to access information, expert advice, and peer support with a schedule that meets each participant’s personal needs. For instructional designers and professional development (PD) facilitators, the time at which participants log into online courses and complete the curriculum of the course is an area of interest. One area of concern is the concept of procrastination and to what degree participants in an online course wait until the last minute to complete course tasks and projects. This paper outlines the development of a metric called spread index that reveals the degree to which work was completed by each participant in an online PD course. The spread index value ranges from 0 to 1 and represents the time at which half of a participant’s aggregate work had been completed, in terms of the beginning (0) and end (1) of the course. Developed from an actual teacher PD course that was administered in Moodle, we used system log entries from Moodle to determine when tasks were completed, how much time was spent in the system by participants as they completed tasks, and at what point in time half of their overall work was completed. This metric is applied after a course is completed, but additional variations could be possible in future work to have it serve as a real-time analytic. Although this metric was developed in the context of a teacher PD course, it has applications for both general online learning applications as well as project management.
Discourses of Place: Environmental Interpretation about Vermont Forests

ABSTRACTMotivated by a lack of scholarly attention to the substance of interpretive messages and materials, this study examines discursive aspects of interpretative brochures available at forest recreation and tourism sites in Vermont, United States. Directive statements that instruct and guide visitor experiences—and the discourses to which they contribute—were analyzed for content, form, and meaning. Across the interpretive brochures, four broad discourses were identified: the natural forest, the recreational forest, the productive forest, and the dependent forest. Consideration of intertextuality revealed a fifth, hybrid discourse that linked forests to meanings of Vermont as a distinctive place. The convergence of these discourses across the set of brochures gives insight into the ways interpretation serves to both direct individual visitor experiences at particular sites, and to influence the development of larger-scale place meanings.
Selective nano-devices for the detection of nitroaromatic explosive compounds

In recent years, there is an increased threat of explosive attacks worldwide, as the explosive — based weapons are easy to make, obtain and deploy. Detecting traces of explosives is a challenging task because of the low vapor pressures of most explosives [1]. Protecting against explosive-based terrorism can be achieved by large-scale production of nano-sensor arrays that are inexpensive, highly sensitive and selective with low response and recovery times. In the present study, we demonstrated the selective response of GaN nanowire/ TiO 2 nanocluster hybrids to the nitroaromatic explosive, Trinitrotoluene at room temperature. The sensor detected between 0.5 ppb and 8 ppm TNT with good selectivity against interfering compounds like Toluene. The sensitivity of 1 ppm of TNT is ∼10% with response and recovery times of ∼30 s.
Urinary tract infections associated with ureteral stents: a review

espanolOBJETIVOS: Revisamos la bibliografia sobre infecciones asociadas con cateteres ureterales y las nuevas tecnologias dirigidas a prevenirlas. La insercion de un cateter ureteral es uno de los procedimientos urologicos mas frecuentes, pero conlleva comparativamente una alta morbilidad. La infeccion es una de las morbilidades mas frecuentes asociadas al cateter. Para reducir las infecciones asociadas se han propuesto y probado varios nuevos materiales y recubrimientos para los cateteres. METODOS: Revisamos los metodos actuales de prevenir la infeccion bacteriana, incluyendo la profilaxis antibiotica y la minimizacion del tiempo de permanencia. Miramos la base cientifica de la infeccion y de la formacion de biofilms en los cateteres. Describimos nuevos materiales y coberturas de los cateteres, asi como los estudios subyacentes a sus mecanismos de accion. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Aunque se han probado muchas ideas prometedoras de nuevos materiales y recubrimientos para cateteres, no se utiliza ni esta disponible normalmente ninguna tecnologia que mejore significativamente la del cateter de poliuretano. Los principios basicos de la profilaxis antibiotica en el momento de la insercion, evitando la contaminacion y minimizando los tiempos de permanencia siguen siendo los mejores metodos para prevenir las infecciones asociadas con los cateteres. EnglishOBJECTIVES: We review the literature on infections associated with ureteral stents and new technologies aimed at preventing them. Ureteral stent placement is one of the most common urologic procedures, but carries a comparatively high morbidity. Infection is one of the most common stent-associated morbidities. Several new stent materials and coatings have been proposed and tested to reduce stent-associated infections. METHOD: We review the current methods of preventing bacterial infection, including antibiotic prophylaxis and minimising dwell time. We look at the science underlying infection and biofilm formation on stents. Several new stent materials and coatings are described, as well as the studies underlying their mechanism of action. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: While many promising ideas for new stent coatings and materials have been tested, no significant improvement to current polyurethane stent technology is commonly available or used. The basic principles of antibiotic prophylaxis at time of insertion, avoiding contamination, and minimising dwell times remain the best methods to prevent stent-associated infections.
Structure-property relations in engineered semiconductor nanomaterials(Conference Presentation)

Particle-size or ‘quantum-confinement’ effects have been used for decades to tune semiconductor opto-electronic properties. More recently, particle size control as the primary means for properties control has been succeeded by nanoscale hetero-structuring. In this case, the nanosized particle is modified to include internal, nanoscale interfaces, generally defined by compositional variations that induce additional changes to semiconductor properties. These changes can entail enhancements to the size-induced properties as well as unexpected or ‘emergent’ behaviors. Common structural motifs include enveloping a spherical semiconductor nanocrystal, i.e., a quantum dot, within a shell of a different composition. In this talk, I will discuss how solution-phase synthesis can be used to create these structures with precisely ‘engineered’ complexity. Most notably, I will review our experiences with so-called ‘giant’ quantum dots that, due to their internal nanoscale structure, exhibit a range of novel behaviors, including being non-blinking and non-photobleaching (Chen et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5026; Ghosh et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 9634; Dennis et al. Nano Lett. 2012 12, 5545; Acharya et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3755), and remarkably efficient emitters of ‘multi-excitons’ due to extreme suppression of Auger recombination (Mangum et al. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 3712; Gao et al. Adv. Optical Mater. 2015, 3, 39). I will discuss recent work extending non-blinking behavior to the blue/green and “dual-color” emission, and show how correlated optical/structural characterization can reveal new information regarding structure-property relations to guide new nanomaterials development (Orfield et al. ACS Nano, Article ASAP).
Procurement in public & private hospitals in Australia and Costa Rica – a comparative case study

This article summarizes exploratory research conducted on supply chain management practices in public hospital systems in the Australian State of Victoria and in Costa Rica. Victoria is the site of a clearly articulated (centralized) supply chain strategy as opposed to Costa Rica, where there is a strong presence of government procurement rules but no such articulated strategy. Importantly, both systems have mixed governance structures (public vs private) and had a willingness to share information pertaining to their purchasing practices. Relatively open-ended interviews, analyzed utilizing MAXQDA 11, allowed us to scrutinize the influence of public policy, supply chain integration, supply chain/clinician collaboration, value analysis teams and group purchasing. We found that centralization of procurement was prevalent in public hospitals in both countries, with more regional centralization in Victoria, Australia due to its size. Also, Private hospital systems are encouraged to take advantage of the centralized procurement policy of the government in both the countries. While standardization was achieved in both countries by better integrating procurement and information technology functions, collaboration between clinicians led to more standardization.
Cross-Cultural Lesson Planning Between the United States and South Korea

Our chapter examines a cross-cultural learning project in which teachers from the United States and South Korea collaborated and shared feedback on writing lesson plans using asynchronous communication tools. In our documentation and discussion of participants’ perceived strengths and weaknesses in lesson planning, we found that their cross-cultural experiences facilitate collaborative lesson planning by fostering cross-cultural perspectives on teaching and provide insight into curricular ideas that have the potential to narrow the teaching gaps between countries.