cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Highly Catalytic Bimetallic System for the Low-Temperature Selective Oxidation of Methane and Lower Alkanes with Dioxygen as the Oxidant

This report describes a highly catalytic bimetallic system for the low temperature selective oxidation of methane, ethane, and butane with dioxygen as the oxidant. The catalytic system consists of a mixture of copper chloride and metallic palladium and operates in a 3:1 mixture (v/v) of trifluoroacetic acid and water in the presence of dioxygen and carbon monoxide. Methane was selectively converted to methanol. The dependence of the reaction rate on the partial pressure of methane was measured, and saturation kinetics was observed. The dependence of the rate on the partial pressure of carbon monoxide was measured at two different pressures of methane, and a first-order dependence on the partial pressure of carbon monoxide was observed in both instances. The activation parameters for the overall reaction were obtained under the reaction conditions when the rate was first order in both methane and carbon monoxide. The values obtained were A = 2 × 104 s-1 and Ea = 15.3 kcal mol-1. Both C−H and C−C cleavage p...
An invasive crab alters interaction webs in a marine community

Over the last decade, the non-native, filter-feeding crab Petrolisthesarmatus invaded oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Bight at densities of thousands m−2. Mesocosm and field experiments demonstrated that P. armatus at ∼10–75% of mean summer densities: (1) suppressed growth of small oysters, biomass of benthic microalgae, and recruitment of native mud crabs, (2) enhanced oyster, mussel, and total bivalve recruitment, macroalgal cover, and survivorship of predatory oyster drills, but (3) did not affect native taxonomic richness. Laboratory feeding assays, field tethering experiments, and population changes in field and mesocosm experiments suggest that P. armatus is a preferred prey for native mud crabs and other consumers, thus relieving predation on native species and enhancing recruitment or survival of bivalves and oyster drills. In contrast, the invasive crab can consume crustacean larvae and via this feeding may suppress recruitment of native mud crabs. Our findings should be conservative given the low densities of P. armatus seeded into experimental plots and our inability to run longer-term experiments due to controls rapidly being colonized by non-native crabs recruiting from the plankton. Invasive crabs commonly impact native communities via predation, but community impacts of this invasive crab may be as much due to its role as a preferred prey of native consumers as to its predation on native prey. Given that oysters are foundation species for shallow reefs in the South Atlantic Bight, the long-term effects of this invasion could be considerable.
Novel preparation techniques for thin metal-ceramic composite membranes

Composite metal membranes obtained by supporting thin metallic films on ceramic substrates have good thermal and mechanical stability. The use of a thin metal film increases transmembrane flux, while retaining high permselectivity that is characteristic of metallic membranes. Novel techniques have been developed for preparing metal-ceramic composite membranes. By the appropriate use of osmotic pressure, the microstructure, porosity, and thickness of the deposited metal can be systematically manipulated. Three new procedures are described for film densification and fabrication: (1) the osmotic pressure is used to densify an existing supported metal membrane; (2) densification and growth of the film is managed under the influence of osmotic pressure by using a dilute plating solution; and (3) films of varying porosity are deposited on the ceramic membrane by combining electroless deposition and osmotic pressure. Silver, palladium, and palladium-silver films prepared by these techniques on a commercial alumina membrane (Membralox) are thermally more stable than similar films deposited by conventional electroless plating.
Antibody to Rabbit Macrophage Type V Collagenase/Gelatinise and its Use to Further Characterize the Enzyme

Abstract A highly specific antiserum was raised against purified rabbit alveolar macrophage type V collagenase/gelatinise. The reactivity of the antiserum was tested in ELISA and was detected at a high titer. Competitive inhibition ELISA demonstrated a linear inhibition of reactivity by pure antigen if either pure antigen or crude culture medium was used as the solid phase antigen. In the latter case,>90% inhibition was achieved indicating a high degree of specificity of the antibody. Immobilized antibody was successful in absorbing the type V collagenolytic activity. Immunoblot analysis of crude culture medium revealed a single immunoreactive band which correlated with both the stained gel of the purified antigen as well as the only zone of gelatinolysis in a gelatin/acrylamide gel. This monospecific antibody will be a useful tool in the further characterization of this enzyme as well as the delineation of its relative role in chronic inflammation.
Procedural sedation and analgesia outcomes in children after discharge from the emergency department: ketamine versus fentanyl/midazolam.

Study objective Although the safety and efficacy of procedural sedation and analgesia in the pediatric emergency department (ED) has been established, the prevalence of adverse events after discharge has not been well studied. We compare the postdischarge incidence of adverse behavioral events and vomiting and hypothesize that ketamine would be associated with increased adverse behaviors. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of postdischarge behavioral changes and vomiting after sedation with ketamine, ketamine/midazolam, or fentanyl/midazolam. Families were administered a Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ), with higher scores indicating more adverse behaviors (anxiety, sleep disturbances). We used linear and logistic regression to model PHBQ scores and logistic regression to model vomiting risk adjusting for age, sex, procedure, length of procedure, and parental presence as potential confounders. Results Seven hundred eighty-six children were enrolled and 554 children (61% boys; mean age 7.5±4.5 years) were contacted. The prevalence of postdischarge vomiting was 18%, but the prevalence of adverse behavioral changes was low. When adjusted for potential confounders, the odds of a higher PHBQ score increased among patients receiving fentanyl/midazolam (fentanyl/midazolam odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08 to 6.03, P =.03; ketamine OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.84 to 3.57; ketamine/midazolam OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.07). Conclusion Procedural sedation and analgesia in the ED is well tolerated. Though postdischarge vomiting occurs with some frequency, there is a low prevalence of adverse behavioral events after discharge. The use of fentanyl/midazolam was associated with higher adverse behavioral scores.
Graft copolymer-based lithium-ion battery for high-temperature operation

The use of conventional lithium-ion batteries in high temperature applications (>50 ◦C) is currently inhibited by the high reactivity and volatility of liquid electrolytes. Solvent-free, solid-state polymer electrolytes allow for safe and stable operation of lithium-ion batteries, even at elevated temperatures. Recent advances in polymer synthesis have led to the development of novel materials that exhibit solidlike mechanical behavior while providing the ionic conductivities approaching that of liquid electrolytes. Here we report the successful charge and discharge cycling of a graft copolymer electrolyte (GCE)-based lithium-ion battery at temperatures up to 120 ◦ C. The GCE consists of poly(oxyethylene) methacrylate-gpoly(dimethyl siloxane) (POEM-g-PDMS) doped with lithium triflate. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we analyze the temperature stability and cycling behavior of GCE-based lithium-ion batteries comprised of a LiFePO4 cathode, a metallic lithium anode, and an electrolyte consisting of a 20-m-thick layer of lithium triflate-doped POEM-g-PDMS. Our results demonstrate the great potential of GCE-based Li-ion batteries for high-temperature applications.
Hypothesis: Fetal movement influences fetal and infant bone strength

Infants who present with multiple unexplained fractures in which there is no prior trauma, no radiographic evidence of metabolic bone disease, and no biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease are almost always diagnosed as victims of child abuse, even though parents and caregivers deny wrongdoing. Such a diagnosis has far reaching implications for the infant and family. This article describes the clinical features of 65 such infants with multiple unexplained fractures in which the parents and caregivers deny wrongdoing and in which child abuse was diagnosed. These infants have the phenotype of temporary brittle bone disease that was described by Paterson. A striking observation in these young infants is the pregnancy history of decreased fetal movement. A hypothesis is suggested as an alternative explanation for the mechanism of these fractures in these infants--namely temporary brittle bone disease from fetal immobilization. This hypothesis states that fetal bone loading through fetal movement is essential for the formation of bones of normal strength. This hypothesis is an application of Frost's mechanostat/bone-loading model of bone physiology to the prenatal period of bone formation. This hypothesis explains many of the other observations about temporary brittle bone disease including the early onset of the fractures in the first several months of life, the lack of bruising, the lack of other internal organ injury, and the low risk profile of many of the parents for committing child abuse.
Adapting single-user visualization software for collaborative use

We present our experiences with adapting single-user visualization software for Web-based collaboration. Sun's Java JXTA API was used to adapt an open-source molecular visualization program called Jmol. It was found that by focusing on the program's graphical user interface the software could be quickly transformed into a peer-to-peer application. Our positive experience implies that many useful single-user programs should be transformable into tools that make collaboration across the Web easier to initiate, more spontaneous, and supported by a wide range of visualization software.
Some nonverbal elements of leadership emergence

This study explored the relationships between eight categories of nonverbal behaviors and group perceptions of leadership emergence. Of the variables studied, one, “gesticulation of the shoulders and arms,” explained a significant amount of the variance when all predictor variables were considered together. This result was consistent with theory and research in nonverbal communication and suggested the need for further exploration of the role of nonverbal cues in group discussion.
Swelling and radiation-induced segregation in austentic alloys

Abstract To elucidate the relationship between radiation-induced segregation and swelling in austenitic stainless steels, a series of alloys were irradiated with 3.2 MeV protons to doses of 0.5 and 1.0 dpa at 400 °C. Three alloy series were irradiated, the first to examine the effect of bulk nickel in Fe–16–18Cr–xNi, the second to determine the effect of Mo and P in an Fe–16Cr–13Ni base alloy, and the third to examine the effect of oversized solute Zr addition to an Fe–18Cr–0.5Ni alloy. The addition of nickel in Fe–16–18Cr–xNi caused a significant decrease in swelling and increase in segregation. The addition of Mo+P to Fe–16Cr–13Ni eliminated swelling and reduced segregation. The addition of Zr to Fe–18Cr–9.5Ni decreased swelling and altered the segregation. Comparison of swelling with changes in lattice parameter and shear modulus caused by the segregation showed that swelling correlates well with the decreases in lattice parameter caused by radiation-induced segregation. Those alloys whose segregation decreased the lattice parameter the greatest showed the lowest swelling. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions made by Wolfer.
On singular singularly perturbed initial value problems

Singularly perturbed systems of ordinary differential equations are considered for which the reduced problem has an infinite family of solutions. Recent approaches to such problems are compared, an...
The Elusive Goal of Universal Health Care in the U.S.: Organized Labor and the Institutional Straightjacket of the Private Welfare State

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, national health insurance returned briefly to the political limelight with renewed calls for a single-payer health-care system that would eliminate any significant role for commercial insurers in the provision of health care. Organized labor, however, which had been a longtime proponent of national health insurance, did not warmly embrace the single-payer solution. Instead, much of the national leadership of organized labor supported some kind of employer-mandate solution that would require employers to pay a portion of their employees' health insurance premiums, thus leaving the private welfare state of job-based medical benefits largely intact.
SHORT-TERM COURSE OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE

Objective To describe the natural history of intraocular pressure (IOP) within the first 30 minutes after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Design Prospective, interventional, consecutive case series. Participants Thirty-eight consecutive patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml (4 mg) of TA were studied. Methods Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry at baseline; immediately after injection; and at 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after injection. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular pressure measurements at baseline; immediately after intravitreal injection; and 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after injection, and percentage of patients with IOP ≤ 24 mmHg at 30 minutes. Results Patients who did not experience vitreous reflux (30/38 [78.9%]) at the site of injection had a significant initial elevation of IOP that rapidly normalized. Patients who experienced vitreous reflux (8/38 [21.1%]) at the site of injection had either no change in IOP or a small drop in IOP that rapidly normalized. The IOP measured in millimeters of mercury immediately after injection (45.9 [no reflux], 12.6 [reflux]), 2 minutes after injection (39.9 [no reflux], 13.5 [reflux]), 5 minutes after injection (33.3 [no reflux], 13.8 [reflux]), 10 minutes after injection (26.4 [no reflux], 15.1 [reflux]), and 20 minutes after injection (21.8 [no reflux], 15.0 [reflux]) showed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The difference in IOP between the 2 groups was not significant at baseline or 30 minutes after injection. At 30 minutes, 90% (95% confidence interval, 85.8%–95.2%) of patients without vitreous reflux had an IOP Conclusions Patients undergoing intravitreal injection of TA with no vitreous reflux have a risk of short-term elevation of IOP that rapidly normalizes over 30 minutes. In patients with vitreous reflux after the injection, the IOP declines immediately after injection and rapidly normalizes over 10 minutes.
Can sediment total organic carbon and grain size be used to diagnose organic enrichment in estuaries

Eutrophication (i.e., nutrient enrichment, organic enrichment, and oxygen depletion) is one of the most common sources of impairment in Clean Water Act 303(d)-listed waters in the United States. Although eutrophication can eventually cause adverse effects to the benthos, it may be difficult to diagnose. Sediment organic carbon (OC) content has been used as an indicator of enrichment in sediments, but the amount of surface area available for carbon adsorption must be considered. We investigated the utility of the relationship between OC and sediment grain size as an indicator of eutrophication. Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program was used to test this relationship. However, anthropogenic contaminants are also capable of causing adverse effects to the benthos and often co-occur with elevated levels of OC. Contaminant analysis and toxicity tests were not consistently related to enrichment status as defined by relationship between total OC and grain size. Although variability in response occurred, reflecting the variance in the water column factors (dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and nutrients) and limited sample sizes, the data supported the hypothesis that sites designated as enriched were eutrophied. Dissolved oxygen levels were reduced at enriched sites, whereas chlorophyll a and nutrients were higher at enriched sites. This suggests that the relationship of OC to grain size can be used as a screening tool to diagnose eutrophication. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:538–547. © 2010 SETAC
A monolithic GaAs receiver for optical interconnect systems

A monolithic GaAs optical receiver which includes a photodetector and preamplifier was designed and fabricated using a common 1.0-/spl mu/m GaAs MESFET technology. The optical receiver operates at the data rate of 1 Gb/s. The transimpedance value can be continuously tuned from 1 to 10 k/spl Omega/. The metal-semiconductor-metal photodiode shows a 35% efficiency. Several design factors are considered to achieve high-bandwidth and low-noise operation. An array of the integrated receivers can be compactly implemented in a single chip for high-speed interconnection networks and photonic signal processing. >
Hierarchical Control and driving

We manipulated primary task predictability and secondary task workload in the context of driving an automobile. As the driving task became less predictable (by adding wind gusts), more attention was required to maintain lane position. When drivers concurrently engaged in a secondary cognitive task in the windy driving condition, attention was diverted from driving and the ability to maintain lane position was degraded. By contrast, when the driving task was predictable (no wind), lane maintenance actually improved when a secondary cognitive task diverted attention from driving. These data provide evidence for a hierarchical control network that coordinates an interaction between automatic, encapsulated routines and limited capacity attention.
Cutting Edge: An Antibody Recognizing Ancestral Endogenous Virus Glycoproteins Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity on HIV-1–Infected Cells

The failure of antiviral vaccines is often associated with rapid viral escape from specific immune responses. In the past, conserved epitope or algorithmic epitope selections, such as mosaic vaccines, have been designed to diversify immunity and to circumvent potential viral escape. An alternative approach is to identify conserved stable non–HIV-1 self-epitopes present exclusively in HIV-1–infected cells. We showed previously that human endogenous retroviral (HERV) mRNA transcripts and protein are found in cells of HIV-1–infected patients and that HERV-K (HML-2)–specific T cells can eliminate HIV-1–infected cells in vitro. In this article, we demonstrate that a human anti–HERV-K (HML-2) transmembrane protein Ab binds specifically to HIV-1–infected cells and eliminates them through an Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mechanism in vitro. Thus, Abs directed against epitopes other than HIV-1 proteins may have a role in eliminating HIV-1–infected cells and could be targeted in novel vaccine approaches or immunotherapeutic modalities.
Immune Function Assay Enters the Clinical Laboratory

Methods for assessing a patient’s state of immune responsiveness has traditionally involved the use of radioactive markers to purified populations of lymphocytes after they have been stimulated. Briefly, a lymphocyte stimulant or mitogen such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is added to isolated lymphocytes. Lymphocytes in the peripheral blood express receptors on the cell surface, which bind to mitogens or specific antigens presented in conjunction with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Exposure to the mitogen or antigen results in activation and expansion of the lymphocyte subpopulation reactive to the antigen or mitogen. The suspension can then be labeled with a radioactive marker such as 3 H thymidine where DNA synthesis is measured on a scintillation counter. The drawbacks of this assay include a long turnaround time (72 hours) and the use of radioactive materials. A new assay, Immuknow by Cylex (Columbia, MD) was FDA approved in 2002 for measuring global cell mediated immunity. Heparinized whole blood is diluted in sample diluent and stimulated with the mitogen PHA. After an overnight incubation period at 37°C in 5% CO 2 , the CD4 lymphocyte population is isolated using a magnetic separation device and monoclonal antibodies to CD4. After a series of washes, the target cell population is lysed releasing cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is measured using a microplate luminometer and the luciferase-luciferin enzyme system. In the presence of luciferin and Mg-ATP, luciferase catalyzes a reaction producing oxyluciferin and light which is directly proportional to the ATP concentration 1 in the patient sample. An unstimulated control of patient sample is run in parallel, and the results are expressed as the change or delta between the stimulated and non-stimulated wells. A standard curve utilizing sequential ATP concentrations is incorporated in the test system. This assay has a 24-hour turnaround time, utilizes whole blood, and requires no radioactive materials.
Endocrine Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment

Objectives To discuss long-term physical effects of treatment for breast cancer including effects on reproductive, bone, sexual health, and related women’s issues. Data Sources Research articles, abstracts, literature reviews. Conclusion Long-term effects of treatment have become increasingly prevalent in breast cancer survivors. The most common are effects on reproductive, bone, and sexual health. Implications for Nursing Practice Long-term effects of treatment can have a significant negative impact on the long-term health and QOL of women with breast cancer. Oncology nurses are well-positioned to anticipate and address the reproductive and endocrine consequences of breast cancer treatment.
A Review Of Going Concern Prediction Studies: 1976 To Present

In 1962, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was the first to address going concern issues with Accounting Series Release (ASR) No. 90. Then, in 1963, the AICPA issued Statement on Auditing Procedures (SAP) No. 33, in response to ASR No. 90. Both ASR No. 90 and SAP No. 33 addressed qualifications for issues that were unresolved and the results of which were indeterminable at the statement date. Soon after the issuance of Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 2 in 1974, researchers began to conduct studies on going concern issues. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on going concern studies and updates studies by Mutchler (1983) and Asare (1990) which provide detailed reviews of the evolution of the going concern report and requirements of the standards related to auditors' assessment of going concern. Since SAS No. 2, the profession has not provided additional guidance on going concern. Even the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), makes no modifications to the requirements for considering going concern and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has not issued guidance addressing going concern. Starting with the first going concern prediction study [McKee, 1976], this paper identifies 27 models developed for predicting the going concern opinion and identifies the primary methods used for model development; multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA), logit analysis, probit analysis, and neural networks are. This paper also identifies; the most popular type of focused model and identifies three non-U.S. firm models, the number of factors considered in any one study, and the predictive abilities of the models. The paper also provides an annotated bibliography for the 27 models.
Genetic studies of Ro (SS-A) and La (SS-B) autoantibodies in families with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome

Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, autoantibodies to Ro (SS-A) were detected in the sera of 21% of the first-degree relatives and 11% of the second-degree relatives of anti-Ro-positive probands with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or primary Sjogren's syndrome, as compared with 3% of normal control subjects (P = 0.003 and P = 0.09, respectively). In a parallel study, anti-Ro occurred in 28% of the first-degree relatives of unselected members of families of SLE patients, regardless of the proband's serologic status, compared with 6% of the relatives from normal healthy families. Antibodies to La and to Sm/nuclear RNP were infrequent. Anti-Ro occurred in 41% of the relatives considered to have a dominant, non-HLA-linked "autoimmune trait" by virtue of having any autoimmune disorder and/or serologic abnormality (antinuclear antibodies, anti-single-stranded DNA, or biologic false-positive VDRL test result), as compared with only 2% of the healthy, seronegative relatives without the trait (P = 0.009). Moreover, HLA-DR2 and/or DR3 occurred in 90% of anti-Ro-positive subjects, regardless of their clinical status. These results demonstrate that the Ro autoantibody response occurs frequently in relatives of patients with SLE and is genetically mediated by both major histocompatibility complex and non-major histocompatibility complex effects.
The Numerical Simulation of an Unbalanced Jetlet and Its Role in the Palm Sunday 1994 Tornado Outbreak in Alabama and Georgia

Abstract Meso-beta-scale numerical model simulations and observational data are synthesized in an effort to develop a multistage paradigm for use in forecasting tornadic convection in the southeastern United States. The case study to be utilized as an example of the multistage sequence of events is the Palm Sunday 1994 outbreak, which culminates with the development of an unbalanced mesoscale jet streak or jetlet that focuses a given region for significant values of low-level vertical wind shear, low-level confluence and vertical vorticity, midtropospheric cooling, and storm-relative helicity. The five-stage paradigm includes 1) the existence of a jet exit region accompanying a deep balanced thermally indirect circulation south of the outbreak and a return branch ageostrophic low-level southerly jet, both typically accompanying the subtropical jet stream and the leading edge of hot continental air; 2) the existence of a jet entrance region accompanying a deep balanced thermally direct circulation north of...
Effective spin Hall properties of a mixture of materials with and without spin-orbit coupling: Tailoring the effective spin-diffusion length

We study theoretically the effective spin Hall properties of a composite consisting of two materials with and without spin-orbit (SO) coupling. In particular, we assume that SO material represents a system of grains in a matrix with no SO. We calculate the effective spin Hall angle and the effective spin diffusion length of the mixture. Our main qualitative finding is that, when the bare spin diffusion length is much smaller than the radius of the grain, the effective spin diffusion length is strongly enhanced, well beyond the ``geometrical'' factor. The physical origin of this additional enhancement is that, with small diffusion length, the spin current mostly flows around the grain without suffering much loss. We also demonstrate that the voltage, created by a spin current, is sensitive to a very weak magnetic field directed along the spin current, and even reverses sign in a certain domain of fields. The origin of this sensitivity is that the spin precession, caused by magnetic field, takes place outside the grains where SO is absent.
Central Nervous System Histoplasmosis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Abstract Background Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by Histoplasma capsulatum in AIDS is uncommon and not easily recognized. Materials and Methods CNS histoplasmosis cases from our institution were identified by a retrospective chart review from 2004-2014. A thorough literature search was performed for additional cases and their characteristics were compared. Clinical findings, treatment and outcomes are discussed. Results A total of 5 cases from our institution were identified. They had a clinical presentation that included classic signs of meningitis, often with evidence of disseminated involvement, and was typically severe with important neurological impairment. These cases were treated with antifungal agents, including a lipid amphotericin B formulation and azole drugs, but eventually 3 experienced nonresolution of their disease likely because of lack of adherence to therapy and died from their infection. The clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of these cases did not significantly differ from cases found in the review of the literature. Conclusions Clinicians practicing in endemic areas should be aware of this rare but serious form of histoplasmosis. The recognition of 5 cases of CNS histoplasmosis in AIDS patients from a single institution suggests that histoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of the CNS complications of AIDS.
I Wish My Parents Would Stop Arguing! The Impact of Interparental Conflict on Young Adults

Research shows that interparental conflict is positively associated with internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents, but few have considered these associations among young adults. This study uses the cognitive-contextual framework to explore whether appraisals of threat and self-blame explain the expected associations between interparental conflict and internalizing symptoms in a sample of young adults. Perceptions of interparental conflict, appraisals of threat and self-blame, and two aspects of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety) were measured in 255 undergraduates (ages 18-21) at two Midwestern universities. Parallel mediation models demonstrated an indirect pathway through threat to depressive symptoms. In contrast, the indirect pathway through self-blame was supported when predicting anxiety. The importance of considering interparental conflict and its psychological consequences during young adulthood is discussed.
Low-noise Quantum Frequency Conversion in Titanium- diffused Lithium Niobate waveguide

We demonstrate single-photon level Quantum Frequency Conversion using quasi-phase matched Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. The potential of such devices for higher dimensional encoding using temporal qdits and quantum optical arbitrary waveform generation is discussed.
Origins of the New World Rhopalinae (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae)

The Rhopalinae contains six tribes. One (Harmostini) is found only in the New World and members of four others also occur there. These distributions result from several dispersals from the Palearctic, where the subfamily probably arose. Most of the dispersals were to the Nearctic (particularly its west coast), but two are more likely to have been to the Neotropics. The various dispersals occurred at various times, one so long ago as to have yielded the exclusively New World tribe Harmostini; and another (of Rhopalus tigrinus Schilling) so recently that it was not recorded until 1982. Phylogenetic origins of rhopalines found only in the New World are also considered, and a cladogram is presented of the tribes Harmostini (including Aufeius and the two subgenera of Harmostes ), Corizomorphini, and Maccevethini (including Maccevethus and the three Stictopleurus species-groups).
The minimum wage, bargaining power, and the top income share

Much of the argument in support of the minimum wage is its ability to lift workers out of poverty. But the minimum wage also has the potential to influence the relative bargaining power between (no...
Maintaining the Mechanisms of Colorblind Racism in the Twenty-First Century

The events of February 26, 2012 in Sanford, Florida will be remembered by man for years to come. That night, George Zimmerman, a 26-year-old half-Peruvian, phenotypically white man was on neighborhood watch and spotted Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old black teenage boy who was staying in the area at the time and walking back to the house of his father’s girlfriend. The following events took place over the span of approximately 8 minutes. First, Zimmerman called 911 to report the suspicious activity. On the recording, we heard the 911 operator tell Zimmerman not to take action against the individual, but Zimmerman did anyway. Unidentified yelling follows. After that, the details of what transpired differ. Zimmerman claimed that he responded in self-defense. Witnesses claimed that they saw a fight between the two individuals, but it is unclear how or why it started. What is known is that an altercation between the two men ensued, and ended in Martin’s murder. The State of Florida charged Zimmerman with the murder, and the case went to trial on April 11, 2012. Zimmerman’s supporters pointed to the ‘‘stand your ground’’ policy, a law in Florida that permits anyone who perceives great bodily harm or death to use deadly force in order to protect themselves. However, even though Zimmerman’s lawyers did not use the ‘‘stand your ground’’ policy in their defense, their counterarguments led the jury to rule against the prosecution. On July 13, 2013, Zimmerman was acquitted of second-degree murder and manslaughter charges in Martin’s murder. Regardless of the nuances of legal policies and judicial debates, it is likely that this crime was motivated by racial attitudes and racist assumptions. As Rachel
The efficacy of selected probiotic and prebiotic combinations in reducing Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens

Abstract Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide and is associated with consumption of poultry products. One potential strategy to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry is the use of probiotics. In an attempt to reduce Campylobacter in poultry, we isolated 117 GRAS (generally recognized as safe) bacterial isolates from the ceca of healthy birds and evaluated their efficacy against Campylobacter, using a soft agar overlay technique. Twenty-six isolates (Bacillus and Lactobacillus spp.) with greatest ability to inhibit Campylobacter in vitro, were tested in birds. In these studies, bacterial isolates were administered orally on day-of-hatch and, chicks were challenged with a four-strain mixture of wild type C. jejuni (∼106 CFU/mL) on day 7. Cecal samples were collected on day 14 for Campylobacter enumeration. Out of 26 isolates, 3 isolates demonstrated a reduction in Campylobacter counts (1 to 2 logs). In an attempt to improve the efficacy of these 3 isolates, follow-up studies were conducted with various doses of 2 prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide [FOS] or mannan oligosaccharide [MOS]) in the feed. Campylobacter counts were not reduced for any of the FOS treatments (0.125%, 0.25%, or 0.5%) or the MOS treatments (0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16%), but were reduced for the combination of isolate 3 with 0.04% MOS in feed. The results of this study indicate that the selection and administration of bacterial isolates in combination with selected prebiotics may reduce enteric Campylobacter counts in preharvest poultry.
Hiding in the howardites: Unequilibrated eucrite clasts as a guide to the formation of Vesta's crust

204 howardites in the National Meteorite Collection at the Smithsonian were examined for the presence of fine-grained eucrite clasts, with the goal of better understanding the formation of the uppermost crust of asteroid 4Vesta. Eight clasts were identified and characterized in terms of their textures and mineral chemistry, and their degree of thermal metamorphism was assessed. The paucity of fine-grained eucrites, both within the unbrecciated eucrites and as clasts within the howardites, suggests that they originate from small-scale units on the surface of Vesta, most likely derived from partial melting. Six of the eight clasts described were found to be unequilibrated, meaning that they preserve their original crystallization trends. The vast majority of eucrites are at least partially equilibrated, making these samples quite rare and important for deciphering the petrogenesis of the vestan crust. Biomodal grain populations suggest that eucrite melts often began crystallizing pyroxene and plagioclase during their ascent to the surface, where they were subject to more rapid cooling, crystallization, and later metasomatism. Pyroxene compositions from this study and prior work indicate that the products of both primitive and evolved melts were present at the vestan surface after its formation. Two howardite thin sections contained multiple eucrite composition clasts with different crystallization and thermal histories; this mm-scale diversity reflects the complexity of the current day vestan surface that has been observed by Dawn.
Early Subsidence of Tapered Wedge Femoral Stems in Primary Total Hip Arthoplasty Is Not Clinically Benign

Introduction: Subsidence of cementless femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been associated with poor initial fixation and subsequent risk of aspectic loosening. There is limited literature on how subsidence of cementless, proximally porous coated, tapered wedge femoral stems impacts the patient clinically. The aim of our study was to assess whether subsidence with these stems is associated with a decline in clinical function. Method: A review of a prospectively collected database of THAs performed by a single surgeon at one institution using two cementless, tapered wedge stem designs from January 2006 to June 2010 was performed. Radiographic analysis using Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) was used to identify patients with greater than 1.5 mm of subsidence, and to document osseointegration. Preoperative and postoperative pain and Harris hip scores were recorded; and analyzed to identify if the clinical recovery pattern of the subsidence versus no subsidence groups differed. Protected weight bearing was recommended to all patients with subsidence. Results: 264 hips were reviewed clinically and radiographically at a mean follow-up of 29 months. 10 hips had subsidence greater than 1.5 mm at last follow up. There were 6 males and 3 females with a mean age of 62.1 years in the subsidence group. Subsidence was noted at the 6 week visits in all 10 patients. Mean Harris Hip scores and pain scores were significantly diminished at 6 weeks in the subsidence group (Mean 67.6) as compared to the none subsidence group (82.2) (Figure 1). The two groups had similar scores preoperatively, at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. In the subsidence group 9 of 10 hips had no further progression of subsidence, and showed radiographic evidence of osseointegration. Persistent thigh pain was noted in 2 patients in the subsidence group. One underwent successful femoral revision for failure of osseointegration and the other continues to have pain with radiographic signs of osseointegration. All 254 hips in the control group had evidence of osseointegration. Conclusion: Subsidence of tapered wedge stems which occurs at the 6 week mark may be associated with a transient decline in clinical function. Early modification in the rehabilitation regimen may help improve clinical outcome scores in these patients.
Temporary Transvenous Pacing

Temporary cardiac pacing is generally indicated for the acute management of serious and often symptomatic bradyarrhythmias, that are refractory to medical therapy. Several approaches to temporary pacing are available, including transvensous, transcutaneous, epicardial, and transesophageal. Compared to the other modalities, the transvenous approach is the most stable and readily available option, with the unique ability for selective atrial or ventricular pacing. Conversely, this approach is associated with a variety of complications, and its safe and effective use requires considerable knowledge and technical skill.
Formulation of second order differential equation and its analysis for aircraft flying qualities

Since many physical systems can be modeled by second order differential equation, airplane can also be thought of as an equivalent spring-mass-damper system. This makes the analysis of aircraft's damping and longitudinal static stability much simpler. For that matter, a model was proposed in which only pure pitching motion was considered and dependence of pitching moment on various factors was sought. A second order differential equation was then formulated in terms of stability derivatives in one variable only. From its characteristic equation, two roots can be obtained whose nature decide the stability of aircraft. The variation of different system parameters such as damping ratio, Z and natural frequency, ran as a function of various flight conditions such as flight velocity and altitude was also studied. Comparing these graphs with the pilot opinion contours, a judgment is passed about the flying qualities of aircraft at the specified conditions. If the aircraft is not safe and easy to handle, a substantial amount of damping should be added to it. Since the stability derivatives are a function of geometric and aerodynamic characteristics of the airplane, designer has some control over longitudinal dynamics by varying different structural parameters, if only that does not cause a subsequent loss in its flight performance. Hence, just by the virtue of second order differential equation, an optimum solution for the performance and handling of aircraft is estimated at different flight conditions.
Basal cell carcinoma: CD56 and cytokeratin 5/6 staining patterns in the differential diagnosis with Merkel cell carcinoma.

Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can resemble Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) on histopathological examination and while CK20 is a useful marker in this differential, it is occasionally negative in MCC. CD56, a sensitive marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, is sometimes used to identify MCC, but has been reportedly variably positive in BCC as well. In contrast, CK5/6 consistently labels BCC but is not expressed in neuroendocrine tumors. Methods We evaluated 20 cases of BCC for the pattern of CD56 and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) staining, hypothesizing that these 2 stains could differentiate BCC from MCC in difficult cases. Seventeen cases of MCC previously stained with CD56 were also examined. Results All BCCs showed patchy expression of CD56 except for 2 cases, which showed staining of greater than 70% of tumor. CK5/6 was diffusely positive in all cases of BCC. Fifteen of 17 MCCs were diffusely positive for CD56. The difference in the pattern of CD56 expression between MCC and BCC (diffuse vs patchy, respectively) was statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion BCC typically shows patchy CD56 expression and diffuse CK5/6 positivity. These 2 markers can be used to distinguish between BCC and MCC in challenging cases.
The fibrous cellular microenvironment, and how cells make sense of a tangled web

The physiology and fate of living cells have long been known to be guided by their niche-specific microenvironments. Certain lineage-specific traits arise in mesenchymal stem cells from the elastic stiffness of the substratum on which they are cultured (1). This observation helped launch mechanobiology as a modern field, and has motivated a decade of research on how cells sense stiffness. A number of factors have been identified experimentally for transduction of mechanics to cells, including the local surface topology of the substratum to the cell through structural features, such as porosity (2). Mathematical models have determined that cells interact with the materials around them through dynamically cycling focal adhesions; this has led to an understanding of a molecular clutch that transmits forces and stabilizes larger focal adhesions on stiffer substrata (3, 4). These models have recently been extended to account for a broad range of detailed biophysical and kinetic phenomena within the cell, including intracellular transport and the spatial disposition of the cell, and have also accounted for nonlinearity of the extracellular material (5). The picture seemed fairly complete until focal adhesions were studied on a different type of substratum, a nonwoven mesh of nanofibers (6). Here, the same cells that consistently formed larger focal adhesions on stiffer substrata seemingly violated their rules. Does this apparent contradiction mean that cells follow different rules on fibrous substrata than they do on continuous substrata? Cao et al. (7) reveal in PNAS that there may indeed be a single set of rules that can explain both sets of results. The discovery that focal adhesions follow a single rulebook on fibrous … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: genin{at}wustl.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Advanced age predicted risk for recurrent stroke after first-ever stroke

Source Citation Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, et al. Long-term risk of first recurrent stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Stroke. 1998 Dec;29:2491-500.
Descriptive Profile and Survey of Alternatively Certified Texas Music Educators

The purpose of the study was to examine the features of Texas’s Alternative Route to Certification (ARC) programs in music education, the demographics and prior experiences of program completers, a...
Abdominal Vascular Hemorrhage: More than Just Clamp and Sew

Injuries to major abdominal vessels are among the most lethal in all of trauma surgery. Patients are hemodynamically unstable upon arrival, the vessels are large, many named arteries and veins are adjacent to one another, moderate to extensive dissection is required to expose some, there are always associated intra-abdominal injuries, and there are sequelae when arterial repairs are delayed and/or when venous ligation is performed.
Transfemoral thrombectomy in the cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition that can cause death, neurologic disability, and visual loss. A pre-teen with septic CST leading to ocular hypertension and acute visual loss was treated at our institution with thrombectomy and thrombolysis of the cavernous sinuses and superior ophthalmic veins. Successful recanalization of the bilateral cavernous sinuses and superior ophthalmic veins was achieved in two separate procedures without complication. The patient showed immediate symptomatic relief. He was neurologically intact without visual deficits at the 2 month follow-up. This is the first report in the literature showing the feasibility of cavernous sinus thrombectomy using current devices and techniques. Early endovascular therapy may help preserve vision in patients with acute CST.
Mexican Segregation: Good or Bad for Business?

This chapter demonstrates that net of poverty, the extreme spatial segregation of Mexicans within neighborhoods compromises their business performance. Specifically, racial segregation undermines small businesses because too much social homophily within neighborhoods contributes to the quick saturation of markets. Neighborhoods that are more multiethnic expand demand for products, and responsive entrepreneurs can and do have better business outcomes. As such, Chap. 3 and this chapter show how disadvantaged neighborhoods put a downward pressure on the mobility trajectories of small business owners by spatially concentrating poor and racialized people. In doing so, disadvantaged neighborhoods also undermine the employment prospects of unemployed locals, further contributing to the reproduction of social class and inequality.