cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Absorption Rate of Tolbutamide on the Rate of Decline of Blood Sugar Levels in Normal Humans

The absorption of tolbutamide and several of its salts was studied by means of carboxytolbutamide excretion rate measurements following the oral ingestion of the drugs in nearly constant surface dosage forms by normal adult humans. Lowering of blood sugar levels produced in normal adult humans after the oral ingestion of the same preparations was also studied. Initial rate of decline of blood sugar level could be correlated with either the absorption rate of tolbutamide or the amount of tolbutamide in the body 1 hour after drug ingestion; increasing with increasing absorption rate or increase in amount of tolbutamide in the body. In most instances, increases in in vitro dissolution rate were reflected in increases in rate of decline of blood sugar level, absorption rates, or amounts of tolbutamide in the body at 1 hour.
New paradigms in prosthodontic treatment planning: A literature review

New treatment modalities have expanded the choices available to prosthodontists and their patients. At the same time, an explosion of data has called into question the validity and efficacy of certain forms of traditional prosthodontic treatment. Together, these factors have greatly complicated the treatment-planning process. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for the prosthodontic treatment-planning process that incorporates the latest evidence-based information available. A review of the literature was undertaken through a Medline search. Articles published in English from 1975 through 2001 were evaluated; selected articles were chosen for review on the basis of a subjective judgment of their relevancy and significance to the clinician.
Synthesis and high affinity uptake of serotonin and dopamine by human Y79 retinoblastoma cells.

: Human Y79 retinoblastoma cells are capable of synthesizing the putative retinal neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Separation of the catecholamines and indolamines by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrochemical detection showed that the cells readily convert tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and, to a lesser extent, dopamine. When DOPA was added, a large quantity of dopamine was produced, as well as norepinephrine, epinephrine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Exogenous tryptophan added to the cells was partially converted to 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin. A larger quantity of serotonin was produced when 5-hydroxytryptophan was added. Y79 cells have a high and low-affinity uptake system for dopamine and serotonin. The K′m and V′max for the high-affinity uptake of dopamine and serotonin are 2.34 ± 0.64 and 3.63 ± 1.15 μM and 4.77 ± 1.12 and 3.20 ± 1.20 pmol min-1 mg protein-1, respectively. These kinetic parameters are similar to those reported for other retinal preparations where dopamine and serotonin have been suggested to function as neurotransmitters. Tyrosine and tryptophan, the physiologic precursors of dopamine and serotonin, respectively, and phenylalanine are also taken up by high and low-affinity transport systems. The kinetic parameters for their high-affinity uptake systems are all very similar, suggesting that they may be taken up by the same transporter. These studies show that a tumor cell line derived from the human retina synthesizes dopamine and serotonin and has high affinity uptake systems for these compounds and their pre cursors. This is consistent with the possibility that dopamine and serotonin may function as neurotransmitters in the human retina and that the Y79 retinoblastoma may be a suitable cellular model system in which to study their transport and metabolic properties.
Reducing sexual violence by increasing the supply of toilets in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a mathematical model

BACKGROUND: Sexual violence is a major public health issue, affecting 35% of women worldwide. Major risk factors for sexual assault include inadequate indoor sanitation and the need to travel to outdoor toilet facilities. We estimated how increasing the number of toilets in an urban township (Khayelitsha, South Africa) might reduce both economic costs and the incidence and social burden of sexual assault. METHODS: We developed a mathematical model that links risk of sexual assault to the number of sanitation facilities and the time a woman must spend walking to a toilet. We defined a composite societal cost function, comprising both the burden of sexual assault and the costs of installing and maintaining public chemical toilets. By expressing total social costs as a function of the number of available toilets, we were able to identify an optimal (i.e., cost-minimizing) social investment in toilet facilities. FINDINGS: There are currently an estimated 5600 toilets in Khayelitsha. This results in 635 sexual assaults and US$40 million in combined social costs each year. Increasing the number of toilets to 11300 would minimize total costs ($35 million) and reduce sexual assaults to 446. Higher toilet installation and maintenance costs would be more than offset by lower sexual assault costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows that the optimal number of toilets exceeds the original allocation of toilets in the township in over 80% of the 5000 iterations of the model. INTERPRETATION: Improving access to sanitation facilities in urban settlements will simultaneously reduce the incidence of sexual assaults and overall cost to society. Since our analysis ignores the many additional health benefits of improving sanitation in resource-constrained urban areas (e.g., potential reductions in waterborne infectious diseases), the optimal number of toilets identified here should be interpreted as conservative. Language: en
The Effect of Restraining Force on Shape Deviations in Flanged Channels

Quantitative relationships have been obtained between restraining force and shape deviations, such as springback and side wall curl, in flanged channels made of SKDQ and high strength streets. It is observed that shape deviation is greatly reduced if the applied restraining force is beyond the yield strength of the material. However, due to the restriction of die entrance and punch corners, this condition cannot be readily achieved in the conventional bead system as side wall fracture intervenes. To circumvent this constraint, a so-named “intermediate restraining” process has been developed to form high quality flanged channels in one single operation. The suggested process is displacement controlled and, in practice, should be applicable to any material once its physical properties are known.
Photochemical modulation spectroscopy of oxygen atom reactions with olefins

Abstract We used photochemical modulation spectroscopy to study the primary radical products of oxygen atom—olefin reactions by their optical absorption. In contrast with earlier work done by mass spectrometric sampling we found that the “vinoxy” radical CH2CHO is an important primary product with ethylene and monosubstituted ethylenes. We characterized two electronic transitions of this radical with origins at 347.7 and 1249 nm and estimated the yields of CH2CHO and HCO in the oxygen atom reactions by comparison with reference reactions of unit quantum yield. Two sources of CH2CHO formation were identified: a pressure-independent pathway and a pressure-dependent mechanism which complements the stabilization of epoxides and aldehydes. Mercury-photo-sensitized decomposition of the corresponding epoxides also produces large yields of CH2CHO. Our observations of pressure-independent fragmentation forming CH2CHO link together early observations of a similar mechanism by Cvetanovic and recent low pressure flow and molecular beam experiments by several groups. A mechanism which accounts for the different characteristics of the pressure-independent and pressure-dependent pathways is discussed.
Combination therapy for treatment of osteoporosis: A review

Combination therapy for osteoporosis has been tested in small trials of short duration with various combinations. Pertinent human and animal randomized clinical trial data were identified through Medline and reviewed with a focus on the risks and benefits of different types of combination therapies. Improvements in bone density were found in some, but not all, combinations. There are no large trials of adequate length or numbers to determine fracture efficacy. Consider combination therapy if monotherapy is unsuccessful, if there is an added nonskeletal benefit to the proposed combination or as sequential treatment with an anabolic agent followed by an antiresorptive agent. Although combination therapy, in general, has limitations based on cost, concern about potential oversuppression of bone, and lack of long-term safety and fracture efficacy, selected patients may benefit.
The Effect of Monopoly in Commodity Markets Upon the Foreign Exchange Market

Introduction, 325.â€” Demand for foreign exchange, 326. â€” Supply of foreign exchange 327.â€” Signs of elasticities, 329. â€” Graphical presentation, 330.
Calcium-Mediated Changes in Related Malignant and Nonmalignant Mouse Epidermal Cell Lines

Two epidermal cell lines of common origin, one tumorigenic and the other not, have been grown in media of different Ca 2+ concentrations (low: 0.07 mM; normal: 1.4 mM; high: 10 mM). At normal Ca 2+ levels, both cell lines had similar growth rates. The growth rates were reduced at both higher and lower Ca 2+ concentrations, with greater inhibition of the tumorigenic than the non-tumorigenic cells. At a given level of Ca 2+ , the 2 cell lines could not be distinguished in their polyacrylamide gel patterns by protein staining, by [ 125 I]concanavalin A reactivity, and by lactoperoxidase iodination. Changes in surface membrane proteins with Ca 2+ concentrations were observed by lactoperoxidase iodination, whereas the other techniques, which measure total cell proteins or glycoproteins, showed no substantial variation.
Review of hydrodynamics and heat transfer for large helium cooling systems

Abstract This paper is a review of recent experimental results and computational methods needed for the fluid engineering aspects of helium cooling systems for power applications. The discussion is illustrated by three different applications: large magnets; power transmission lines and ac generators. An attempt is made to put recent research into perspective, considering the requirements of each application, and problems in need of further research are pointed out.
Plasmid recovery from transformants and the isolation of chromosomal DNA segments improving plasmid replication in Neurospora crassa.

The efficient recovery of plasmid DNA from Neurospora crassa transformants is described. Lithium acetate-treated spores were transformed with plasmid DNA and grown in mass in liquid culture. The resulting mycelial growth was harvested and plasmid DNA was extracted and used to transform E. coli to ampicillin resistance. Although at low frequency, routine recovery of plasmid pSD3 which carries the Neurospora qa-2+ gene and pBR322 sequences has been demonstrated. About 10% of the recovered plasmids carried deletions and transformed Neurospora at a higher frequency. The liquid culture procedure was also used in attempts to isolate autonomously replicating sequences (ars). In order to select for a stable vector which contains an ars sequence, a clone bank containing a selectable marker (qa-2+) and Neurospora chromosomal BamHI fragments was constructed and used to transform Neurospora. Several plasmid isolates resulting from a screening of the clone bank showed an improvement in the efficiency of recovery from Neurospora transformants. The properties of one such isolated plasmid, pJP102, suggest that it may contain an ars sequence. Some potential applications of these results for cloning in Neurospora and other filamentous fungi are discussed.
Correlates of hospital use in homeless and unstably housed women: the role of physical health and pain.

Abstract Purpose To examine correlates of emergency department (ED) use and hospitalizations in a community-based cohort of homeless and unstably housed women, with a focus on the role of physical health and pain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline survey results from a study of homeless and unstably housed women in San Francisco. Primary outcomes were any self-reported ED visit and inpatient hospitalization over the prior 6 months. Primary independent variables of interest were self-reported physical health status, as measured by the Short Form-12 (SF-12), and bodily pain. Other potential covariates were organized using the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. Standard bivariate and multivariable logistic regression techniques were used. Results Three hundred homeless and unstably housed women were included in the study, of whom 37.7% reported having an ED visit and 23.0% reported being hospitalized in the prior 6 months. Mean SF-12 physical health scores indicated poorer than average health compared with the U.S. norm. Most women (79.3%) reported at least some limitation in their daily activities owing to pain. In adjusted analyses, moderate and high levels of bodily pain were significantly correlated with ED visits (odds ratio [OR], 2.92 and OR, 2.57) and hospitalizations (OR, 6.13 and OR, 2.49). As SF-12 physical health scores decreased, indicating worse health, the odds of ED use increased. Predisposing, enabling, and additional need factors did not mediate these associations. Conclusions Physical health and bodily pain are important correlates of ED visits and hospitalizations among homeless and unstably housed women. Interventions to reduce ED use among women who are homeless should address the high levels of pain in this population.
Sherwood number correlation for nuclear graphite gasification at high temperature

Abstract Gasification of nuclear graphite in the unlikely event of massive air ingress in High-Temperature and Very-High Temperature gas-cooled Reactors is a safety concern, requiring accurate and reliable predictions of the erosion rate of the external surface and within volume pores. At low temperature, gasification occurs within the open pores gradually degrading the mechanical strength of graphite components. Gasification shifts gradually to the external surface with increasing temperature. At high temperatures, although the rates of chemical reactions increase exponentially with temperature, they are limited by the oxygen diffusion to the external surface. A semi-empirical Sh correlation is developed to calculate the oxygen diffusion velocity. It is based on an extensive database of reported measurements of the convective heat transfer coefficient for heated wires and cylinders in air, water and paraffin oil flows at 0.006 ≤ Re ≤ 2.42 × 10 5 and 0.068 ≤ Pr ≤ 35.2 and the mass transfer coefficient at 4.8 ≤ Re ≤ 10 4 and Sc = 0.609 and 1300–2000. The database also includes reported values of the averaged Sh for gasification of a cylinder of V483T nuclear grade graphite (300 mm long and 200 mm in dia.) at 1141–1393 K in ascending cross-flow of nitrogen gas containing 5 vol.% oxygen at 533 ≤ Re ≤ 1660. The Sh correlation is within ±8% of the compiled 807 data points and applicable to both internal and external parallel and cross-flow conditions. When implemented in a chemical-reaction kinetics model, the calculated gasification rates are consistent with reported measurements for different size specimens of nuclear graphite grades NBG-18, NBG-25, IG-11, IG-110 and IG-430 at intermediate and high temperatures in atmospheric air (0.08 ≤ Re ≤ 30).
A cross‐national investigation of an extended technology acceptance model in the online shopping context

– The purpose of this paper is to test the cross‐national application of an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) in online shopping across the USA and China. Specifically, the proposed model is tested for invariance, and used to investigate the effect of the TAM constructs on online purchase intentions and interrelationships among the constructs across the two samples., – A total of 513 usable questionnaires were collected in the USA and China. Measurement and structural invariance of the proposed TAM model were assessed using multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis., – The paper revealed that both perceived usefulness and perceived risk of online shopping have an invariant effect on consumers' online purchase intentions, while prior online shopping experience does not have an invariant effect. Perceived ease of use shows an equivalent, positive effect on perceived usefulness; prior online shopping experience has an equivalent, positive effect on perceived ease of use and an equivalent, negative effect on perceived risks. But prior online shopping experience has a quite different effect on perceived usefulness across the two countries., – The paper not only tests the cross‐national application of the extended TAM, but also extends the TAM's use to examine key factors that influence online shoppers' purchase decision in the retail apparel sector.
Computation of Magnetic Fields in Electrical Apparatus

The determination of two-dimensional magnetic flux distributions in electrical machines and apparatus such as motors, generators and transformers usually involves regions of air, other non-magnetic materials and magnetic materials. The effect of such material inhomogeneity on the structure of the matrices which numerically model the physical problem, and the effect of that structure on the convergence of iterative schemes for the solution of the simultaneous equations, is examined in this paper. A block iterative procedure which takes advantage of the matrix structure resulting from the inhomogeneity is described.
Shear Instabilities in Metallic Nanoparticles: Hydrogen-Stabilized Structure of Pt37 on Carbon

Using density functional theory calculations, we have studied the morphology of a Pt37 nanoparticle supported on carbon with and without hydrogen (H) passivation that arises with postprocessing of nanoparticles before characterization. Upon heating in an anneal cycle, we find that without H (e.g., in a helium atmosphere or evacuation at high temperature), the morphology change of a truncated cuboctahedral Pt37 is driven by the shearing of (100) to (111) facets to lower the surface energy, a remnant shear instability that drives surface reconstruction in semi-infinite Pt(100). With H passivation from a postprocessing anneal, we show that the sheared structure automatically reverts to the observed truncated cuboctahedral structure and the average first nearest-neighbor Pt−Pt bond length increases by 3%, agreeing well with experiment. We explain the stabilization of the truncated cuboctahedral structure due to H passivation via adsorption energetics of hydrogen on Pt(100) and (111) facets, specifically, the ...
Active site mapping of human and rat urinary kallikreins by peptidyl chloromethyl ketones

Abstract The reactivity of human and rat urinary kallikrein has been determined with peptides of arginine and lysine chloromethyl ketone. Pro-Phe-ArgCH2Cl, the reagent corresponding to the sequence of kininogen hydrolyzed by kallikrein, was considerably more effective than reagents containing other substituents in the P1 and P2 positions (the Arg and Phe binding sites, respectively). Pro-Phe-ArgCH2Cl inactivates the human enzyme at the 10−5 m level (Ki 45 μ m , k2 0.36 min−1) and the rat enzyme at the 10 −6 m level (Ki 4.8 μ m , k2 0.26 min−1). More effective reagents were obtained by substitution of d -Phe for the P3 Pro and addition of a dansyl residue in the P4 position, yielding reagents effective at the 10−7 m level for both kallikreins. Expansion of the sequence of kininogen to accomodate the P4 and P5 binding sites of kallikrein resulted in a reagent, Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-ArgCH2Cl, which is approximately 6-fold more reactive than the corresponding tripeptide analog for human kallikrein, while for the rat kallikrein, the tri- and pentapeptide analogs are comparable in reactivity. The importance of Arg in the P1 position and Phe in the P2 positions in the sequence of kallikrein's physiological substrate in determining specificity was shown by comparison of the reactivities of the proteases with Ala-Phe-ArgCH2Cl and Ala-Phe-LysCH2Cl and with Pro-Phe-ArgCH2Cl and Pro-Gly-ArgCH2Cl. Substitution of Lys for the P1 Arg and substitution of Gly for the P2 Phe decreased the reactivity of the reagent 10- and 150-fold, respectively, for the human kallikrein and 200- and 250-fold, respectively, for the rat kallikrein. Substitution of l -amino acid residues for the P3 Pro had little effect on the reactivity of human kallikrein with the affinity labels and decreased the reactivity of the rat enzyme with the affinity labels from 3- to 6-fold.
Differential elimination of mercury during maturation of leguminous seeds

Abstract The pods of Acacia koa, Canavalia cathartica, Leucaena leucocephala, Samanea saman and six other leguminous species lose as much as 75–85 % of their tissue water during maturation, but show no loss in tissue mercury content. Unlike fruit, seeds not only lose most of their water content, but also at least 75 % of their mercury during the maturation process. It is suggested that selective elimination is more likely to take place by bio-volatilization rather than by translocation, and that the phenomenon allows for detoxification of a cytogenetically hazardous chemical substance.
CUTANEOUS REACTIONS WITH CULTURE FILTRATES OF THE COLON TYPHOID TYPE

The observations of Ecker and Rimington on the production of skin reactions with synthetic medium culture filtrates (concentrated and dialyzed) of organisms belonging to the colon-typhoid group have been confirmed and extended. The filtrates show a marked degree of thermostability and marked resistance to ultraviolet radiation. Intravenous injections of the filtrates stimulate the production of precipitins. No precipitins are produced in the sera of rabbits that receive intracutaneous injections only. At no time during the course of immunization was the skin reaction obliterated. An indurative process was noted at the site of injection (skin) during the course of immunization. Mixtures of the filtrates with their homologous antisera, obtained from animals immunized by the intravenous route, and injected into skin, also failed to obliterate the erythema and edema. The observations of Shwartzman have been confirmed; the Shwartzman phenomenon appears to be group or species specific. Filtrates from enterococci failed to produce the phenomenon. Filtrates of other unrelated organisms have not been studied. The products of Shwartzman and of Ecker and Rimington appear to be the same.
Chiropteran vomeronasal complex and the interfamilial relationships of bats

Within the extant orders of living mammals, the distribution of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and associated structures is very stable, being universally present in the vast majority or universally absent in cetaceans and sirenians. Chiroptera is the most noteworthy exception, with variation in the absence or presence of the vomeronasal complex occurring even at the species level in some instances. The VNO and/or its component structures, such as the accessory olfactory bulb, were studied in serially sectioned snouts and brains from 114 genera and 292 species representing all extant chiropteran families except Myzopodidae and Antrozoidae. Taxa were scored for the following characters: (1) degree of formation of the vomeronasal epithelial tube, (2) shape of the vomeronasal cartilage, (3) occurrence of the nasopalatine duct, and (4) occurrence of the accessory olfactory bulb. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the bat vomeronasal complex, the distributions of these four characters were mapped, using the computer program MacClade, onto chiropteran phylogenies in the literature derived from other data sets. In all phylogenies, these four characters exhibit a high degree of homoplasy, only part of which is accounted for by several polymorphic taxa. However, perhaps the most remarkable result is that in the most parsimonious solutions the absence of the vomeronasal epithelial tube and accessory olfactory bulb is identified as primitive for Chiroptera, with both structures reevolving numerous times: such a scenario would be unique to bats among mammals. An alternative, though less parsimonious interpretation, which does not require reevolution of this very complex system, is that a well-developed vomeronasal epithelial tube is primitive for Chiroptera, as in nearly all other orders of mammals, but has been reduced or lost in the majority of families. Explication of the peculiar evolutionary history of the vomeronasal system in bats awaits studies on the adult morphology in the more than 630 species not yet examined and, in particular, on ontogeny, which to date is known for only a handful of taxa.
Serum stability of 67Cu chelates: Comparison with 111In and 57Co☆

Abstract Simple chelates and chelate conjugated monoclonal antibodies labeled with 111 In, 57 Co and 67 Cu demonstrate marked differences in stability when exposed to a serum environment. Among these radiometals, on DTPA, the order of stability is 111 In 57 Co ⪢ 67 Cu. On benzyl-EDTA, the order of stability is 111 In ⋍ 57 Co ⪢ 67 Cu. Among those investigated, the only serum stable 67 Cu chelate found was 67 Cu-TETA. The order of stability observed for 57 Co vs 67 Cu is contrary to published equilibrium constants. These in vitro studies suggest that the in vivo behavior of metal chelates exposed to a complex molecular environment may not be predicted by classically determined equilibrium constants.
Direct electrochemistry of spinach plastocyanin at a lipid bilayer-modified electrode: Cyclic voltammetry as a probe of membrane-protein interactions

Abstract The electron transfer reactions between a lipid bilayer-modified gold electrode and oxidized spinach plastocyanin have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, using either an electrically neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayer or a positively charged PC bilayer containing 40 mol% dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride, at two ionic strengths of electrolyte (0.02 and 0.2 m NaClO 4 ). Plastocyanin was found to interact strongly enough with the lipid membrane to support an efficient electron transfer reaction with the electrode. The interaction forces, and therefore the mode of diffusion of plastocyanin molecules to the electrode, which limits the electron transfer rate, could be controlled by the PC concentration. At low lipid concentrations (0–5 mg/ml), electrostatically attractive interactions between specific microelectroactive sites on the surface of the lipid membrane and plastocyanin molecules predominate, producing a radial mode of diffusion of the protein molecules to the electrode surface. On the other hand, at high lipid concentrations (>5 mg/ml), interaction between plastocyanin and the lipid membrane occurs via hydrophobic forces, and a linear diffusion of protein molecules limits the electron transfer process. These observations support and extend other experimental and theoretical results which indicate two possible sites on the surface of the plastocyanin molecule, one hydrophobic and one negatively charged, which are able to participate in electron transfer reactions. We conclude that electrochemical measurements with the present system provide a new approach to the study of redox protein-membrane interactions.
Damage of a candidate CTR material in a high energy fluence deuterium plasma

Abstract We have systematically exposed candidate CTR materials to a dense, hot deuterium plasma which approximates the energy and particle fluences expected to bombard the first wall in a contemplated CTR tokamak power reactor. The shock tube produced plasma is characterized by n ~ 1016 particles · cm−3, Tion ~ 600 eV, Telectron ~ 30 eV. Microstructural damage and resulting changes in tensile properties are reported in this paper for Nimonic PE-16, designated as the first wall and structural material for a tokamak power reactor. It is found that the damage sustained includes localized incipient melting; sputter erosion and cracking of grain boundaries; and a high density of deuterium pressurized blisters. Some of the damage is found to penetrate on the order of one grain diameter into the bulk of the material. A significant decrease in tensile ductility is also found to occur, indicative of hydrogen embrittlement.
Bioavailability assessment of a contaminated field sediment from Patrick Bayou, Texas, USA: toxicity identification evaluation and equilibrium partitioning.

Contaminated sediments are commonly found in urbanized harbors. At sufficiently high contaminant levels, sediments can cause toxicity to aquatic organisms and impair benthic communities. As a result, remediation is necessary and diagnosing the cause of sediment toxicity becomes imperative. In the present study, six sediments from a highly industrialized area in Patrick Bayou (TX, USA) were subjected to initial toxicity testing with the mysid, Americamysis bahia, and the amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. All sediments were toxic to the amphipods, while sites PB4A, PB6A, and PB9 were the only sites toxic to mysids. Due to its toxicity to both test organisms, site PB6A was chosen for a marine whole sediment phase I toxicity identification evaluation (TIE). Results of the TIE found toxicity to amphipods was primarily due to nonionic organic contaminants (NOCs), rather than cationic metals or ammonia. Causes of mysid toxicity in the TIE were less clear. An assessment of metal bioavailability using equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approaches supported the results of the TIE that cationic metals were not responsible for observed toxicity in PB6A for either organism. Toxic units (TU) calculated on measured concentrations of NOCs in the sediment yielded a total TU of 1.25, indicating these contaminants are contributing to the observed sediment toxicity. Using a combination of these TIE and EqP assessment tools, this investigation was capable of identifying NOCs as the likely class of contaminants causing acute toxicity to amphipods exposed to Patrick Bayou sediment. The cause of mysid toxicity was not definitively determined, but unmeasured NOCs are suspected. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:742–750. © 2009 SETAC
Using Genograms Creatively to Promote Healthy Lifestyles

ABSTRACT Family therapists have used Genograms as an assessment tool for years to examine the interactions and relationships of family members across generations. This article discusses how a therapist can use a genogram creatively to help clients examine the impact of family relationships on healthy and unhealthy lifestyle patterns and how those relationships may be influencing the manner in which clients are currently managing their lives. The integration of a creative genogram can assist clients in recognizing inherited health-disease risks, learned lifestyle patterns, and parental behavior modeling. This technique can assist clients in developing a healthier lifestyle.
Multimodality multiparameter medical imaging and image analysis

Since the advent of X-rays, medical imaging and computerized image analysis have made significant contributions in diagnostic radiology and health care. Several imaging modalities have been developed to acquire anatomical and functional information about human body and organs. These modalities differ in basic principles of image acquisition but provide, in most cases, complementary information to define a physiological process. It is important to acquire and analyze all of the information describing the specific anatomical and functional behavior for diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic intervention. It becomes apparent that synergetic multidisciplinary efforts involving researchers from medicine, biological sciences, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering and computer science are needed for further advancement of existing imaging technologies. Such a synergy is also needed to invent new multiparameter imaging technologies to improve understanding and modeling of physiological behavior which could be used for early diagnosis of specific diseases and to devise better methods of treatment, intervention and clinical management. Future trends may include a virtual environment of interactions among researchers and clinicians through global databases and information processing modules involving models, simulations and clinical trials. This talk will present an overview of some advanced medical imaging modalities such as multi-parameter MRI and then present model-based adaptive tissue segmentation methods from brain images for detection and characterization of brain pathologies. Recent research results for analysis of multi-parameter brain MR images involving brain tumor and stroke characterization will be presented. Also, multi-parameter multi-spectral optical imaging for characterizing skin cancer will be presented.
Repressors and memory: Effects of self-deception, impression management, and mood☆

Abstract Previous research on individual differences in repression has used a typological method of classification; people are classified as repressors if they self-report low anxiety and high social desirability ( Weinberger, Schwartz, & Davidson, 1979 ). This typology, however, does not differentiate between the two factors comprising social desirability (impression management and self-deception). In this research, participants completed measures of anxiety and social desirability, attempted to recall childhood emotional experiences, and indicated their mood at the time of recall. A regression procedure was used to uncover the best predictors of recalled negative emotional experiences. Anxiety and self-deception (but not impression management) significantly predicted memory performance. This supports the view of repressors as deceiving themselves rather than engaging in impression management. Mood at the time of recall was related to memory, but only partially explained the impoverished memory of repressors.
Electrical and optical studies of flexible stainless steel mesh electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells

Abstract Stainless steel (SS) mesh was used to fabricate anodes for flexible dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) in order to evaluate them as replacements for more expensive Transparent Conductor Oxides (TCO's). SS mesh performance was analyzed and it was determined that oxidation of SS during the sintering of titania particles affects the transport and interface resistance of the device. Thus a thin layer of non-porous titania coating was added onto the mesh to protect the electrode from oxidation. Comparing with Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO), SS mesh was found to have higher interface resistance but the overall series resistance was lower due to higher conductivity of metals. The effects of SS mesh opening size and microstructure on the performance of the device was analyzed and design strategies to obtain high efficiency flexible SS mesh DSSC are provided.
Effect of a potential step or impurity on the Bose-Einstein condensate mean field

The full set of stationary states of the mean field of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a potential step or pointlike impurity are presented in closed analytic form. The nonlinear Schroedinger equation in one dimension is taken as a model. The nonlinear analogs of the continuum of stationary scattering states, as well as evanescent waves, are discussed. The solutions include asymmetric soliton trains and other wave functions of intriguing form, such as a pair of dark solitons bound by an impurity.
Pulsed-image generation and detection

We describe an experimental system that programs three-dimensional optical fields to 200-fs resolution over a 10-ps window by using photorefractive volume reflection holograms in lithium niobate. These pulsed images are detected with an imaging interferometric cross correlator.
Complete heart block in association with graft-versus-host disease

An infant who received haploidentical BM for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) developed acute, reversible complete heart block in association with an exacerbation of GVHD. Respiratory distress and myocardial dysfunction were also seen with this and previous GVHD exacerbations. The patient had not received chemotherapy or radiation prior to BMT. The complete heart block resolved after 1 week of intensive immunosuppression. The association of complete heart block with GVHD is important because the heart block is potentially reversible with prompt, aggressive control of the GVHD.
A Study Involving the Visual Arts in the Development of Musical Concepts

rr 1 ODAY ART AND MUSIC are associated in humanities and allied arts courses with increasing frequency, but not always to the advantage of the student. While legitimate association may enhance the student's understanding of one or both areas, the contriving of spurious relationships or, at the other extreme, treating art and music as totally unrelated entities (one for Tuesday, the other for Thursday), may bring about more misconceptions than realizations of aesthetic truth. Even in classes concerned solely witll music, some teachers have employed visual art examples as a supplement to listening, with only a "hope" that such practice may help to bring about better understanding of musical mood or style. It is generally agreed that music, because of its abstract and temporal nature, is difficult to study aurally, while the visual and plastic arts possess a more stationary existence, and therefore more readily lend themselves to analysis and intensive investigation. It is also recognized that common cultural influences affect both the artist and the composer in any given time and place, and such influences may tend to bring about expressions that are discernibly similar despite their divergent media. Therefore, it is certainly possible tllat concomitant use of the visual arts may enhance the aural perception and understanding of music in areas where legitimate commonality exists. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of employing examples from the visual arts as an aid to the development of broad stylistic concepts in music. Stylistic concepts, frequently mentioned as a major goal of general music and appreciation classes, may be defined as ideas about the predominant musical characteristics of a given composer's work, of a style period, or of a musical era. In effect, these characteristics allow the hearer to relate a musical example to what it represents and belongs. TIle study was conceived to provide answers to the following questions: 1. Can visual arts exemplars be used to advantage in the development of the more abstract aural concepts concerned with musical style periods?
The effect of fiber orientation and needlepunch density on image quality of inkjet printing on nonwoven substrates

Understanding the cause of poor inkjet printing can aid in improving the technology. Furthermore, the effects of the structure of nonwoven fabrics on inkjet-printed image quality are largely unknown. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of fiber orientation and needlepunch density of nonwoven substrates on inkjet-printed line quality. The inkjet image quality was evaluated on several web structures: carded, crosslapped, and airlaid, resulting in different fiber orientations, all under varying needlepunch densities ranging from 98.6 to 197.2 penetrations per square centimeter. The resultant line quality on the nonwoven substrates was poor and under all needlepunch densities the effects of fiber orientation was found to be minimal. This indicates that other factors such as surface characteristics and not fiber orientation contribute more likely to the poor image quality.
2-Chloroethyl dimethyl sulfonium iodide. A convenient reagent for spiroannelation of ketones

Abstract Ketones are readily spiroannelated by 2-chloroethyldimethyl sulfonium iodide 1 in the presence of t-butoxide anion in t-butanol. The procedure affords a simple one step -spirocyclopropanation of ketones in good yields.
New Insights into Thyroid Hormone Action in the Developing Brain: The Importance of T3 Degradation

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal development and for normal metabolic and physiological function throughout life. But this general statement does not capture the complexity of TH action. For example, during development, TH appears to control fate specification (1) and migration (2–4) of early neuroblasts in the cerebral cortex but does not appear to influence their proliferation (5). In contrast, TH clearly controls proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells (6,7).Moreover,THcontrolssynaptogenesisinthecortex andhippocampus(8,9),developmentofspecificelements of the cochlea (10), differentiation of specific photoreceptors in the retina (11), the balance of production of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in bridging white matter (12),andmanyotherspecificfeaturesofdevelopment.But TH does not produce all of these effects simultaneously; rather, these events occur in an orderly sequence. Thus, a key feature of TH action is the temporal sequence of events it supports, and this conclusion provides essential clues about mechanisms controlling TH action. Forexample,expansionanddifferentiationofthecerebral cortex occur early in fetal development when the cerebellum is quiescent. Later, with these events in the cerebrum completed, the cerebellum begins to expand and differentiate under TH control. However, TH levels in maternal andfetalbloodarenotdifferentduringthesedevelopmental stages. These observations dictate that there must be tissue-level mechanisms controlling the sensitivity to TH, and this sensitivity must change during the course of development both within different cells in a single tissue and across tissues.
Debridement of cutaneous ulcers: Medical and surgical aspects

Abstract Debridement may be defined as the removal of devitalized or contaminated tissue and foreign material from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion. Many types of debridement exist, as shown in Table 1. Devitalized or contaminated tissue found in an ulcer consists of fibrinous material, nucleoproteins, collagen, and elastin. This potpourri has been referred to as debris, slough, and necrotic tissue. The presence of such a gimish interferes with the normal healing process. It impairs the wound's defenses which encourages the development of infection. The devitalized tissue acts as a culture medium promoting bacterial growth and also inhibits leukocyte phagocytosis of bacteria and subsequent kill. 1 In addition necrotic material acts as a physical barrier to repair. Ulcers of all types, for example, decubitus 2 and vascular 3 and metabolic 4 leg ulcers, represent defects that may contain debris.
Evaluating participation and employment outcomes in a welfare-to-work program

Abstract This paper reports on employment outcomes using management information system data from a Baltimore program for AFDC recipients. Program data for 2839 participants are used to estimate the effect of personal characteristics on post-program employment conditional on selection into structured activity participation. Persons who actively participate in either skills training, work experience, job search, remedial education, or job readiness training had a higher probability of post-program employment compared to participants who did not participate in one of these structured activity tracks. The number of months a person had been receiving AFDC benefits when they entered the program did not significantly affect the probabilities of participation in a structured activity or of getting a job. Single, teen parenthood and lack of work experience significantly reduced the likelihood of getting a job.
Carbon dioxide fluxes over the atlantic ocean estimated from measurements at Tiana Beach, Long Island, New York

Mean carbon dioxide concentration-gradients were measured continuously for a period of three weeks during December 1978 at Tiana Beach, Long Island, with onshore atmospheric flows. The height interval was 20 m and the fetch over the sandy beach for onshore flows was about 20 m for low tides and near zero for high tides. Measurements at the beach were thus approximately representative of over-ocean atmospheric flows. Concentration differences for this height interval were found to vary from 0.75 to 2 ppm. Approximate computations indicated this local gradient to be about two orders of magnitude greater than the values estimated from global means.
Toward an experimental methodology for studying persuasion-based online security

In this paper we highlight a controlled experimental design in development to investigate how the intersection of a brand's familiarity and persuasive appeal impact user willingness to engage in increased web security procedures. We offer the results of a 2 (Source: familiar vs. unfamiliar brand) x 2 (Persuasive Strategy: benefit to user vs. benefit to site) web experiment (N=48) using this approach to demonstrate its viability and generate ideas for future directions. Lessons learned and opportunities to improve this experimental methodology to further psychological research in the web security domain are discussed.
Aquaria Fish Models of Human Disease: Reports and Recommendations from the Working Groups

On September 21–24, 2000, the National Cancer Institute, Southwest Texas State University, and the Roy and Joan Mitte Foundation sponsored an international conference entitled ``Aquaria Fish Models of Human Disease'' at Southwest Texas State University (SWT), San Marcos, Texas, USA. Over 100 scientists, representing various fish model systems, participated in four roundtable working groups. We considered the first step in promoting the exciting research with fish models was to unify the efforts within this scientific community towards accomplishing specific goals. With this objective in mind, the following four working groups were convened: (1) fish cancer models: sustenance and enhancement; (2) fish genomics and transgenics: resources and technology; (3) fish pathology: standards for tumor pathology classification; and, (4) resources underpinning aquaria fish research. Each working group was charged with preparing a report of their discussions with recommendations on how researchers and funding agencies might best direct and strengthen research support to ensure a healthy future for such work. Included are the final reports from these working groups, together with a brief summary of the discussions held during the sessions and the consensus recommendations from each group.
On the Kinematics of the Torsion of Space-time

On a macroscopic level we take general relativity as the appropriate theory of space-time and gravity. We will argue that, on a more microscopic level, in the Compton wavelength regime of elementary particles, there are good reasons for suspecting the presence of a torsion of space-time. A corresponding gaugetheoretical formalism related to the Poincare group is reviewed, and the kinematical consequences of the presence of a torsion are worked out. In particular we discuss the operational meaning and the measurability of torsion. The dynamics of torsion is left for a forthcoming article.