L’Exploitation Industrielle Face Aux Imperatifs Environnementaux AU Togo: CAS Des Cimenteries (Industrial Operations Facing Environmental Requirements in Togo: Case of Cement Factories)

French Abstract: L’industrialisation est de tout temps consideree comme le socle du developpement economique de l’humanite de part sa production de richesses grâce a la transformation des matieres premieres et a l’exploitation des sources d’energie. Cependant, elle n’est pas sans incidence sur le milieu naturel (air, eau, sol), les employes a l’interieur de l’usine de production et les populations riveraines. Des dommages environnementaux resultent des deversements ou rejets d’effluents ou de polluants au travers de cheminees industrielles et/ou canalisations diverses. L’exploitation cimentiere au Togo entraine des atteintes au paysage naturel dans les zones d’exploitation et s’accompagne de pollutions et nuisances diverses. L’interet de cette recherche est de montrer comment differents instruments juridiques peuvent etre utilises pour canaliser la pollution industrielle et permettre aux entreprises de tendre vers un developpement soutenable. Elle aura pour merite de proceder a une analyse detaillee des risques et dommages lies a l’extraction du calcaire, sa transformation en clinker puis en ciment et envisagera des approches de solutions pour une industrialisation ecologiquement responsable.English Abstract: Industrialization has always been said the foundation of economic growth and development of mankind. It is a set of activities that generate wealth through processing of raw materials and the exploitation of energy sources. It creates jobs, increases the value of agricultural products, promote technological progress, and contribute to poverty reduction by creating wealthy. However, to achieve that result, trucks and other heavy machinery have to dig, drag, and pull from land, minerals buried in its depths since its creation, and dump on its surface and in the water, chemical, harmful detritus and debris, not to mention the spectacular air pollution throughout the process. Extractive industries in West Africa have generated lots of harms to the indigenous population over the past decades. From the uranium mines extraction in Niger which generated an alarmingly high radiological situation in the vicinity of the mines industry; to cement and petroleum exploitation in Nigeria, Togo or Chad with significant environmental impacts, this study has described the cruel violation of indigenous population rights to a clean environment, where land, water, and air are the fundamental components. This paper focuses on cement factories in Togo, which have caused damages to the natural landscape in the mining areas and are accompanied by various pollution and nuisances. The interest of this research is to show how different legal instruments can be used to channel industrial pollution and allow companies to move towards sustainable development. It will have the merit of carrying out a detailed analysis of the risks and damages associated with the extraction of limestone, its transformation into clinker and then cement, and will consider approaches to solutions for ecologically responsible industrialization.