cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Intrauterine Growth Retardation on the Expression of Developmental Factors in Porcine Placenta Subsequent to the Initiation of Placentation

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) hinders fetal growth and postnatal development in swine; however the etiology of IUGR is essentially unknown. Expression of fourteen candidate genes associated with placental development or IUGR was examined in gestational day 50 (gd50) control and IUGR fetus whole placental tissue or areolae by real-time PCR. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS) mRNA expression was elevated in gd50 IUGR placenta and areola compared to gd50 control. Since ENOS could modulate vascular tone and angiogenesis via nitric oxide production, data suggest that the increase in IUGR may be an adaptive response to poor perfusion to maintain pregnancy.
Centronuclear myopathy: Extraocular- and limb-muscle findings in an adult

Myotube-like structures were seen in extraocular and limb muscles in an adult with centronuclear myopathy. The limb-muscle fibers were very small and were of a uniform histochemical type. Extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors were not seen with immunoperoxidase stains, and ultrastructurally normal neuromuscular junctions were seen in the extraocular-muscle samples. Further studies on developing muscle are needed to identify possible mechanisms of arrest of muscle maturation.
QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF ANTIGENIC DISPARITY AT HL-A—THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LOCUS IN MAN

We have extended the method of one-way stimulation in mixed leukocyte culture tests as previously described to quantitate different degrees of stimulation. To demonstrate that the amount of stimulation is immunogenetically meaningful, siblings and parents in families in whom genotyping on the basis of leukocyte antigen data was possible were tested. The prediction that cells of siblings differing from the responding sibling by both alleles at HL-A, stimulate more than do cells of siblings differing by only one allele, was realized in every case. One exception, with cells of a parent, is discussed. It is stressed that the differences measured here are probably fairly strong ones in the majority of cases, and that lesser differences cannot yet be detected reproducibly.
Development of projection neuron types, axon pathways, and patterned connections of the mammalian cortex

The mammalian neocortex processes visual, auditory, and somatic sensation, giving rise to perception and initiatingvoluntarymotor responses.Thesefunctions are performed through an intricate set of neural circuits within the neocortex, as well as through connections between the cortex and other parts of the brain. Neural scientists have long been intrigued with these connections, as indicated in the following passage written a century ago by Santiago Ramon y Cajal.
Effects of a Flood on Foraging Ecology and Population Dynamics of Swainson's Warblers

Abstract Swainson's Warblers (Limnothlypis swainsonii) have been described as terrestrial leaf litter foraging specialists, and are thought to vacate flooded areas entirely. We report Swainson's Warblers occupying a flooded area in Arkansas and foraging on unusual substrates. We observed Swainson's Warblers feeding in novel ways in the tree canopy and on floating debris. This is the first report of Swainson's Warblers occupying and foraging in flooded habitat, and suggests this species may have more short-term flexibility in foraging substrate than previously thought. Return rates to flooded territories were reduced compared to years without floods and several marked individuals switched to an unflooded area protected by man-made levees. The altered hydrology of rivers constrained by levees may reduce habitat quality for this species.
Correlations of oil and protein with isoflavone concentration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].

Twelve isoflavones were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in seeds of 17 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars grown at three locations. 6‘ ‘-O-Malonyldaidzin and 6‘ ‘-O-malonylgenistin together constituted 71−81% of total isoflavones, which ranged in concentration from 2038 to 9514 μg/g and averaged 5644 μg/g across locations and cultivars. The total as well as several individual isoflavones had a moderate negative correlation with oil across locations and cultivars. Six cultivars had a moderate or strong negative correlation of total isoflavones with oil. Five cultivars had a moderate or strong positive correlation of total isoflavones with protein. These results suggest that judicious selection of germplasm for soybean breeding may facilitate development of soybean lines with desirable isoflavone concentrations. Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merrill; isoflavone; oil; protein; soy; soybean; phytoestrogen
Comprehensive Transcriptome of Proteases and Protease Inhibitors in Vascular Cells

Background and Purpose— Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages are essential components of the vasculature, of which the homeostatic gene expression participate importantly in the maintenance of vascular wall integrity. The pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysms, often associates with inflammation and altered gene expression, including proteolytic enzymes that play multiple and important roles in extracellular matrix degradation, cell proliferation and migration, and latent enzyme or growth factor activation. Methods and Results— Human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and monocyte-derived macrophages from 3 independent donors were stimulated with interleukin 1β, interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, 5 common proinflammatory mediators often found in diseased human microvessels and macrovessels. Quantitative real-time PCR was u...
Can scarring be turned off

This commentary highlights the article by Yates et al on the role of CXCR3 wound healing in the issue of the AJP.
Age effects on focal cerebral blood flow changes produced by a test of right-left discrimination☆

The effects of age on focal cerebral blood flow changes resulting from the cognitive processing during right-left discrimination were examined. The pattern and amount of cortical flow were comparable for young and middle-aged subjects and consisted of flow increases in bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital regions. Task performance was negatively related to activation from left parietal and occipital channels. The frontal activation and the parietal correlation were attributed to the middle-aged subjects experiencing increased emotional arousal and attention to the right-left discrimination task due to hypothesized differences in cognitive effort and style, and/or novelty of formal examination situations.
The nature of trichloroacetic acid-soluble derivatives of d-alanine in Streptococcus faecalis

Abstract In the absence of vitamin B 6 , Streptococcus faecalis requires d -alanine for growth and assimilates this from the medium into the cells, where it occurs largely in combined form. Of the d -alanine in the cells, a majority is present in the cell walls; substantial amounts, however, are extracted by treatment with cold or hot aqueous trichloroacetic acid (4). Fractionation of the cold trichloroacetic extract from cells grown with d -alanine-1-C 14 showed that 74% of the radioactivity of this extract was due to free d -alanine while approximately 15% was due to a component identified as d -alanyl- d -alanine. Other minor radioactive components of this extract were not identified. Dialysis of the hot trichloroacetic acid extract separates it into a dialyzable fraction that contains most of the radioactive d -alanine in uncharacterized but nonnucleotide form and a nondialyzable fraction that contains 39% of the radioactivity of the extract and 12% of the weight of the original dry cells. This component contains the same amino acids and carbohydrates as the cell wall and arises through partial degradation of the cell wall fraction by treatment with hot trichloroacetic acid. It sediments as a single substance in the ultracentrifuge, with molecular weight of 10,000–20,000, and may thus represent a material suitable for further structural investigations. The residual cell wall material is more resistant to degradation by trichloroacetic acid; its composition has not been determined.
Adult and children's exposure to 2,4-D from multiple sources and pathways.

In this study, we investigated the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide exposures of 135 preschool-aged children and their adult caregivers at 135 homes in North Carolina (NC) andOhio (OH). Participants were randomly recruitedfrom six NC andsix OH counties. Monitoring was performed over a 48-h period at the participants’ homes. Environmental samples included soil, outdoor air, indoor air, and carpet dust. Personal samples collected by the adult caregivers concerning themselves andtheir children consistedof solidfood, liquidfood, handwipe, andspot urine samples. All samples were analyzedfor 2,4-D (free acidform) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2,4-D was detectedin all types of environmental samples but most often in carpet dust samples, with detection frequencies of 83% and 98% in NC and OH, respectively. The median level of 2,4-D in the carpet dust samples was about three times higher in OH homes comparedto NC homes (156 vs. 47.5 ng/g, Po0.0002). For personal samples, 2,4-D was more frequently detected in the handwipe samples from OH participants ( 448%) than from NC participants (o9%). Handwipe levels at the 95th percentile were about five times higher for OH children (0.1 ng/cm 2 ) andad ults (0.03 ng/cm 2 ) than for the NC children (0.02 ng/cm 2 )a nd adults (o0.005 ng/cm 2 ). 2,4-D was detectedin more than 85% of the childandadult urine samples in both states. The median urinary 2,4-D concentration was more than twice as high for OH children compared to NC children (1.2 vs. 0.5 ng/ml, Po0.0001); however, the median concentration was identical at 0.7 ng/ml for both NC and OH adults. The intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability for an individual’s urinary 2,4-D measurements, estimated from the unadjusted (0.31–0.62) andspecific gravity-adjusted(0.37–0.73) values, were somewhat low for each group in this study. The variability in urinary 2,4-D measurements over the 48-h period for both children and adults in NC and OH suggests that several spot samples were needed to adequately assess these participants’ exposures to 2,4-D in residential settings. Results from this study showed that children and their adult caregivers in NC and OH were likely exposed to 2,4-D through several pathways at their homes. In addition, our findings suggest that the OH children might have been exposed to higher levels of 2,4-D through the dermal and nondietary routes of exposure than the NC children and the NC and OH adults.
Finite element modeling of microstructurally small cracks using single crystal plasticity

Abstract Finite element simulations of small fatigue cracks were performed using crystal plasticity theory to describe the deformation behavior near the crack tip. A rate-independent small strain formulation from crystal plasticity theory was implemented. Constant amplitude loads were applied, with a load ratio of R =0.3. Crack opening stresses and crack tip opening displacement ranges were simulated as the crack grew in a single grain, as well as when the crack grew toward a grain boundary. Crack growth in single grains indicated that stabilization of the crack opening stresses occurs relatively rapidly (5–10 μm of crack growth). Studies of crack growth toward a grain boundary revealed that, depending on the orientation of the adjacent grain, the crack growth rate is significantly affected. If the angle of misorientation between the two adjacent grains is small, the neighboring grain can increase the growth rate near the grain boundary. If the misorientation angle is high, the fatigue crack growth rate will be significantly slowed near the grain boundary.
a Systems Study of Future Groundwater Development Costs in the Chicago Region

The cost of developing groundwater resources in northeastern Illinois from 198cL2020 is estimated for the purpose of providing a basis for comparing alternative sources. Demands for each township in the study area are estimated at 10-year increments and are satisfied, where the supply is sufficient, in such a way as to minimize the cost subject to constraints on supply. Sources of water are two shallow aquifers with known potential yields and a series of deep aquifers treated as a single unit and modeled on a digital computer. For each township the costs of wells, pumps, power and rehabilitation is estimated for each aquifer on a per million gallons of water per day basis. In addition the cost of groundwater treatment necessary to raise the quality to that of treated Lake Michigan water is considered. Raw water costs are found to vary from 2 to 14 cents per 1000 gallons depending upon the depth to the deep aquifer water. Treated water costs vary from 22 to 53 cents per 1000 gallons, the lower costs applying to the largest users because of the economy of scale. It is found that with proper distribution of pumpage there is sufficient water in storage in the deep aquifers to meet groundwater demands through 2020.
HYDROPHOBICITY OF CLAY SURFACES: SORPTION OF 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE AND TRICHLOROETHENE

Sorption and desorption of two neutral, nonpolar organic compounds, 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB, a soil fumigant) and trichloroethene (TCE, an industrial solvent and common ground-water con- taminant), by pyrophyllite, kaolinite, illite, and smectite were investigated. For sorption, vapors of the compounds in a stream of dry N2 gas were passed through columns of the powdered clay minerals for different periods of time. The compounds retained by the days were extracted with methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). For desorption, N 2 was passed through the treated samples, and the desorbed compounds were collected in hexane traps and analyzed by GC. Initially sorption was rapid for several hours but then proceeded at a slower rate for many hours. Surprisingly, the clays sorbed large quantities of these neutral compounds; for example, the pyrophyllite, kaolinite, illite, and smectite sorbed about 3, 5, 6, and 9% EDB, respectively, by weight. The amounts of TCE sorbed, which is more volatile than EDB, were somewhat less. Only a portion of the compounds sorbed over a period of time were desorbed in the same period of time. Desorption was rapid initially but then proceeded at a slow rate; slow desorption continued for over 100 hr from samples which had undergone sorption for only 1-2 hr. A two-compartment efflux model was used to describe the sorption behavior. A rapidly desorbing component was considered to be present on the outer surfaces of the ctay aggregates and a slowly desorbing component, in the interior pores of the aggregates.
On incorporating multi-agents in combined hardware/software based reconfigurable systems - a general architectural framework

This paper introduces a general framework to allow the concepts of multi-agent technology to be extended to support reconfigurable systems -systems in which the functionality of both the associated hardware and software can be altered dynamically or statically with time. The utilization of such a paradigm has the potential to greatly increase the flexibility, efficiency, expandability, and maintainability of such systems and to provide an attractive alternative to the current set of disjoint approaches that are currently applied to this problem domain. The focus of the work described in this paper is to address how unified multi-agent architectures can be created and applied to the reconfigurable hardware domain.
Computational studies of ultraviolet ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

The results from our recent molecular dynamics and electronic calculations studies of the interaction of ultraviolet light with poly(methyl methacrylate) are discussed. Molecular dynamics simulations in the photochemical and photothermal regimes demonstrate the delayed onset of ablation due to the slow pressure relaxation in the polymeric material. Electronic structure calculations show the possible wavelength-dependent pathways of exothermic and endothermic release of gaseous and small molecules which could induce the ablation pocess. The results from our studies are the centerpiece for the current development of the mesoscale model of the light irradiation of polymeric material.
Increased Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of Bone Resistance Arteries Is Associated With Increased Trabecular Bone Volume After Endurance Training In Rats

Abstract Old age-associated osteoporosis is related to diminished bone blood flow and impaired nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation of the bone vasculature. Endurance exercise training restores the age-associated reduction of vasodilation in numerous vascular beds, as well as improving bone properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether functional improvements in the bone vasculature are associated with increased bone properties after an endurance training intervention. Young adult (4–6 months) and old (24–26 months) male Fischer-344 rats remained sedentary or were trained (15 m/min walking, 15° incline, 5 days/week, 10–12 weeks). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the femoral principal nutrient artery (PNA) was assessed in vitro using acetylcholine (ACh) and inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX). PNA endothelium-dependent vasodilation was greater after training by 16% in young and by 24% in old animals. The NOS-mediated contribution to endothelium-dependent vasodilation was enhanced by 77% after training in old rats. Distal femur trabecular bone volume (BV/TV, %) was lower with old age in sedentary animals (young: 27 ± 2%, old: 23 ± 1%; P P
Intersensory Redundancy Enhances Memory in Bobwhite Quail Embryos

Information presented concurrently and redundantly to 2 or more senses (intersensory redundancy) has been shown to recruit attention and promote perceptual learning of amodal stimulus properties in animal embryos and human infants. This study examined whether the facilitative effect of intersensory redundancy also extends to the domain of memory. We assessed bobwhite quail chicks' ability to remember and prefer an individual maternal call presented either unimodally or redundantly and synchronously with patterned light during the period prior to hatching. Embryos provided with unimodal auditory exposure failed to prefer the familiar call over a novel maternal call postnatally at 48 hr and 72 hr following exposure. In contrast, embryos provided with redundant, synchronous audiovisual stimulation significantly preferred the familiar call at 48 hr following exposure, but not at 72 hr. A second experiment provided chicks with a single 10-min refamiliarization with the familiar call at either 48 hr or 72 hr following hatching. Chicks given only unimodal auditory exposure prior to hatching did not appear to benefit from this brief postnatal refamiliarization, showing no preference for the familiar call at either 72 or 96 hr. Chicks that received redundant audiovisual stimulation prenatally showed a significant preference for the familiar call (following the brief reexpo sure 24 hr earlier) at both 72 and 96 hr of age. These results are the first to demonstrate that redundantly specified information is remembered longer and reactivated more easily than the same information presented unimodally. These findings provide further evidence of the salience of intersensory redundancy in guiding selective attention and perceptual learning during early development.
High efficiency DCM buck converter with dynamic logic based adaptive switch-time control

This paper presents a dynamic logic based adaptive switch-time control circuit (DASTC) for fast control to minimize body diode conduction losses and dead-time of a buck regulator operating in discontinuous conduction mode. Dead-time is an important metric for improving efficiency of low voltage converters. DASTC provides instant sensing and feedback based on the load to minimize dead-time significantly compared to prior-art and scales low side power switch pulse width adaptively across load currents, just enough to discharge the stored inductor energy fully. Furthermore, the converter has inherent pulse skipping mode to lower the switching frequency at light loads to enhance light load efficiency. The proposed 1.5 V buck regulator was fabricated in 0.35 $$\upmu$$μm CMOS process with an input voltage range of 1.8---3 V and load current range of 1---200 mA. Measurement results demonstrate a peak power efficiency of 94.6 % and a high overall power efficiency ( >~89 %) for load currents greater than 5 mA for $${V_{IN}}$$VIN = 1.8 V. The proposed scheme achieves 4× (~5 ns) better dead-time and 4---5.5 % better power efficiency compared to prior-art over the load current range.
The Impact of Tobacco Dependence Treatment Coverage and Copayments in Medicaid

Background The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expands Medicaid's tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) coverage; however, these expansions differ in comprehensiveness based on Medicaid eligibility category. Purpose To examine whether more generous Medicaid TDT coverage (in terms of cost-sharing requirements and treatments covered) is associated with greater likelihood of quit attempts and successful quit rates. Methods This study used repeated cross-sections from the Current Population Survey (2001–2011), linked to state-level survey data on Medicaid TDT coverage. The sample included 3,071 adult Medicaid recipients who reported smoking 12 months prior to the survey and resided in 28 states with consistent TDT coverage across Medicaid fee-for-service and managed care. Logistic regression models, conducted in October 2013, examined the relationship between state TDT coverage and Medicaid recipients' successful quits and attempted quit rates, controlling for individual and state characteristics. Results Forty-one percent of Medicaid recipients attempted to quit smoking in the prior year and 7% quit successfully. Medicaid recipients in states with the most generous coverage (counseling without copayment and pharmacotherapy with copayment) had the highest predicted successful quit rates (8.3%). Those living in states with no TDT or pharmacotherapy-only coverage had lower predicted successful quit rates (range=4.0%−5.6%). Conclusions These findings suggest that the ACA will increase smoking quit rates among Medicaid recipients. Recipients who have more generous TDT coverage (such as the new Medicaid expansion population and pregnant women) will likely see greater increases in quit rates compared to existing adult Medicaid enrollees.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and PSA Density: Racial Differences in Men Without Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND: Many physicians now use serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to screen for prostate cancer in asymptomatic men. Whether or not a prostate biopsy should also be performed depends on an accurate definition of what constitutes a normal PSA value. Until recently, studies conducted to establish normal serum PSA values have involved study populations that have included few African-American men. PURPOSE: We sought to compare serum PSA levels and PSA density (i.e., serum PSA level/prostate volume ratio) in African-American and white men without histologic evidence of prostate cancer. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 826 consecutive men who underwent one or more prostate biopsies at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Shreveport, LA, from January 1993 through December 1995. In this retrospective review, we recorded patient's age, race, serum PSA level, digital rectal examination result, ultrasound-determined prostate volume, indications for biopsy, and biopsy results. Data from a total of 752 consecutive men who were either white or African-American and whose indication for biopsy included a serum PSA of greater than 4.0 ng/mL and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination were analyzed. To examine possible differences in serum PSA level, PSA density, prostate volume, and patient age, the two-sided Student's t test was employed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine if serum PSA levels were associated with the patient's age, race, or prostate volume in men without prostate cancer. RESULTS: Of the 752 men included in this analysis, 254 had histologic evidence of prostate cancer and 498 did not. Of the 498 men without prostate cancer, 367 (74%) men were white and 131 (26%) were black. There were no racial differences in age or calculated prostate volume. Serum PSA levels and calculated PSA density, however, were significantly (both P < .0001) higher in African-American men that in white men. A multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that race and prostate volume were independent variables associated with serum PSA level. For African-American and white men, serum PSA values of greater than 4 ng/mL were associated with prostate cancer with sensitivities of 89.5% and 81.9%, respectively, and specificities of 38.2% and 52.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Among biopsied men without histologic evidence of prostate cancer, African-Americans have a significantly higher PSA level and PSA density than similarly aged white men. IMPLICATIONS: Published criteria for normal PSA level and density have been derived primarily from white men and may not be directly applicable to other populations. Race-specific data are needed to fully optimize PSA as a tumor marker in racial populations that are at high risk for prostate cancer death.
The effects of witness viewpoint distance, angle, and choice on eyewitness accuracy in police lineups conducted in immersive virtual environments

The current study investigated the value of using immersive virtual environment technology as a tool for assessing eyewitness identification. Participants witnessed a staged crime and then examined sequential lineups within immersive virtual environments that contained 3D virtual busts of the suspect and six distractors. Participants either had unlimited viewpoints of the busts in terms of angle and distance, or a unitary view at only a single angle and distance. Furthermore, participants either were allowed to choose the angle and distance of the viewpoints they received, or were given viewpoints without choice. Results demonstrated that unlimited viewpoints improved accuracy in suspect-present lineups but not in suspect-absent lineups. Furthermore, across conditions, post-hoc measurements demonstrated that when the chosen view of the suspect during the lineup was similar to the view during the staged crime in terms of distance, accuracy improved. Finally, participants were more accurate in suspect-absent lineups than in suspect-present lineups. Implications of the findings in terms of theories of eyewitness testimony are discussed, as well as the value of using virtual lineups that elicit high levels of presence in the field. We conclude that digital avatars of higher fidelity may be necessary before actually implementing virtual lineups.
Trends in the Management and Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Background. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disorder leading to end-stage renal failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate a longitudinal experience of kidney transplantation for ADPKD. Methods. A single center retrospective review of patients undergoing kidney transplantation was conducted, with comparisons across two time periods: early (02/2000-04/2007, n = 66) and late (04/2007-08/2012, n = 67). Results. Over the 13.5-year study period, 133 patients underwent transplantation for ADPKD. Overall, no significant difference between the early and late group with regard to intraoperative complications, need for reoperation, readmissions within 30 days, delayed graft function, and mortality was noted. There was a trend towards increase in one-year graft survival (early 93.1% versus late 100%, P = 0.05). In the early group, 67% of recipients had undergone aneurysm screening, compared to 91% of recipients in the late group (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This study demonstrates consistent clinical care with a trend towards improved rates of one-year graft survival. Interestingly, we also note a significantly higher use of cerebral imaging over time, with the majority that were detected requiring surgical intervention which may justify the current practice of nonselective radiological screening until improved screening criteria are developed.
IN-SEASON NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR CORN PRODUCTION

Monitoring corn to determine the plant N status has advantages in that the plant integrates N supply over a period of time, and hence can reflect available N as affected by weather, soil processing, and fertilization. It can also reflect spatial variation. The longer the corn plant has grown, the larger the fraction of total N accumulated. Therefore, the total crop N need (and season-long soil N supply) is better reflected in the crop late in the season. This is a limitation with corn plant sensing as the best time to closely determine crop N need is after it is too late to apply and have N be accessible for plant uptake. The corn N uptake pattern also implies that small plants sensed early in the season will only indicate large N shortage and cannot easily differentiate total season N need, especially if available soil N plus preplant N is large. A compromise is to monitor the crop during mid-to-late vegetative growth stages. This might allow time for N to be effective if application is needed, and limit potential yield loss because of delayed application or crop N stress. Nitrogen can be applied with high clearance equipment and research has shown that N applied as late as the R1 growth stage can still add to the pool of N being accumulated during seed fill and improve yield if N supply is short. Several technologies now allow in-season N application and rate adjustment to be practiced. One, high clearance equipment can move through tall corn, some at full growth height. Two, high clearance equipment has been developed that can inject urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solutions into the soil. Three, plant N status sensors are available to determine N stress in corn. One sensor, the handheld Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter (CM), has been longresearched in regard to sensing plant N stress and the relationship with optimal N rate. Extensive research in the sensing area continues, with handheld, machine-mounted, and remote aerial sensors being commercially developed, along with research for determination of efficacy and Nrate prediction. Because of these developments, it is feasible for producers to begin investigating
Sexually transmitted esophagitis: primary herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a healthy man.

A previously healthy 32-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and odynophagia. Five days before presentation, he awoke with a sore throat and fatigue. During the next several days he developed fever, chills, anorexia, and bloating. He had several episodes of retching but no emesis. Retrosternal pain with swallowing began 2 days after onset of his intial symptoms. The pain quickly became severe, occurred with dry swallows, and limited his oral intake to milk shakes and cottage cheese. He lost 7 pounds. H2 antagonists and liquid antacids did not provide relief of his symptoms. He noted no mouth sores or rash. One week before the onset of his initial symptoms, the patient had begun a sexual relationship with a new female partner that involved orogenital contact. He took no medication, did not smoke, drank only small amounts of alcohol and denied use of illicit drugs. Examination showed him to be moderately uncomfortable, even when swallowing saliva. He was afebrile. There were no oral, genital, or skin lesions. His neck was supple, without adenopathy. The remainder of the examination was normal. Laboratory studies, including a complete blood count and differential, renal and liver function tests were normal. Endoscopy showed many 2 to 3 mm diameter discrete shallow ulcerations with erythematous halos in the midesophagus. The ulcerations became confluent in the distal esophagus. The stomach and duodenum were normal. Histopathologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies revealed severe acute and chronic inflammation and superficial ulceration (Fig. 1A), as well as intranuclear Cowdry type A inclusion bodies and multinucleated giant cells (Fig. 1B). Culture grew HSV-2. At a later date, serologic studies by Western blot technique showed antibodies to HSV-2 and none to HSV-1. Tests of general immune function included quantitative serum immunoglobulins and standard skin testing, both normal. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2 were negative at presentation and again 6 months and 12 months later. Human T cell lymphotrophic virus 1 and 2 were both negative. One year after presentation, his total white blood cell count was 4500 cells/mm3 (normal 4000-11,000) with 25% lymphocytes. CD4 count was 440 cells/mm3 (normal 500-1600) (39%), with a CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.3. The patient was treated with acyclovir, omeprazole, sucralfate, and analgesics and had complete resolution of symptoms within 2 weeks. Two years after the primary infection, there has been no evidence of reactivation.
Prediction aggregation of remote traffic microwave sensors speed and volume data

Short term traffic speed and volume prediction is an important component of well developed Intelligent Transportation Systems and Advanced Traveler Information Systems. In this paper, we examine the use of polled Remote Traffic Microwave Sensors as a data source for aggregate traffic predictors. Clock skew and data loss due to network transience pose significant challenges to integrating polled data into such a predictive system. To overcome these, we present a new interpolation and evaluation scheme for data regularization and predictor generation. A method for evaluating the validity of the test sets is proposed and illustrated in a case study using an aggregate predictor with real traffic sensor data acquired in Oklahoma City.
A Nonshocking New Way to Prevent Sudden Death

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) abruptly ends the lives of more than 200,000 Americans each year. In young people, SCD is most often caused by single-gene cardiac mutations. For some patients, life-long medical treatment paired with watchful waiting is adequate to prevent SCD. But, many rely on a surgically implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). ICDs require replacement at regular intervals and work by sensing ventricular arrhythmias and automatically delivering a strong shock to restore normal heart function. Although ICD development was a life-saving advance in the prevention of SCD, ICDs do not always work and carry their own risks and burdens. Now, Denegri et al . introduce new possibilities for prevention by studying cardiac gene therapy in a mouse model of SCD. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare cause of SCD, but the disease carries a 50% mortality risk among children and is poorly treated by ICDs. Abnormalities in one of two proteins (calsequestrin or the ryanodine receptor) that regulate intracellular handling of calcium give rise to CPVT. Cardiac myocytes that contain the protein-altering mutations become overloaded with calcium, leading to life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Treatment with an ICD is not always life-saving because it can provoke untreatable ventricular arrhythmias. Denegri et al . studied the effect of cardiac gene transfer using a recombinant adenovirus vector to transfer wild-type copies of a mutant calsequestrin gene into the hearts of mice that carried a human CPVT mutation in the calsequestrin gene. The vector successfully infected 40% of cardiac myocytes, as shown by marker gene expression. When administered at birth, the gene transfer technique prevented development of the CPVT phenotype, as evidenced by the lack of ventricular-arrhythmia inducibility and characteristic histological features. Gene transfer also rescued the phenotype when administered to adult mice with CPVT. A number of obstacles remain before application in humans, including proving efficacy across the range of mutattions that cause disease in humans. However, this therapeutic approach opens new possibilities for prevention of SCD caused by genetic arrhythmia disorders. M. Denegri et al. , Single delivery of an adeno-associated viral construct to transfer the CASQ2 gene to knock-in mice affected by catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is able to cure the disease from birth to advanced age. Circulation 129 , 2673–2681 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/25/2673.abstract?sid=6d2c4f71-aa06-449b-9161-aae8c1e3b8a9
A novel chloride conductance activated by extracellular ATP in mouse parotid acinar cells

Salivary gland fluid secretion is driven by transepithelial Cl− movement involving an apical Cl− channel whose molecular identity remains unknown. Extracellular ATP (ATPo) has been shown to activate a Cl− conductance (IATPCl) in secretory epithelia; to gain further insight into IATPCl in mouse parotid acinar cells, we investigated the effects of ATPo using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. ATPo and 2′- and 3′-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′-triphosphate triethylammonium salt (Bz-ATP) produced concentration-dependent, time-independent Cl− currents with an EC50 of 160 and 15 µm, respectively. IATPCl displayed a selectivity sequence of SCN− > I−= NO3− > Cl− > glutamate, similar to the Cl− channels activated by Ca2+, cAMP and cell swelling in acinar cells. In contrast, IATPCl was insensitive to pharmacological agents that are known to inhibit these latter Cl− channels, was independent of Ca2+ and was not regulated by cell volume. Moreover, the IATPCl magnitude from wild-type animals was comparable to that from mice with null mutations in the Cftr, Clcn3 and Clcn2Cl− channel genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IATPCl is distinct from the channels described previously in acinar cells. The activation of IATPCl by Bz-ATP suggests that P2 nucleotide receptors are involved. However, inhibition of G-protein activation with GDP-β-S failed to block IATPCl, and Cibacron Blue 3GA and 4,4′-diisothyocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic disodium salt selectively inhibited the Na+ currents (presumably through P2X receptors) without altering IATPCl, suggesting that neither P2Y nor P2X receptors are likely to be involved in IATPCl activation. We conclude that IATPCl is not associated with Cl− channels previously characterized in mouse parotid acinar cells, nor is it dependent on P2 nucleotide receptor stimulation. IATPCl expressed in acinar cells reflects the activation of a novel ATP-gated Cl− channel that may play an important physiological role in salivary gland fluid secretion.
Psychiatrists' roles in managed care programs.

We have obviously entered a new world of psychiatry in which fiscal considerations come first. Some of the uncertainties of five years ago are matters of fact today. Length of stay is shifting, and beds are closing all over the country. Psychiatrists' capacity to work in concert to improve the prospects for a profession whose scientific base of operation is being eroded and abrogated is rapidly deteriorating. A description of the ways in which psychiatrists work with, for, around, and against managed care companies reveals that psychiatry is not a urntary profession, nor are psychiatrists dealt with in a way that indicates there is a stable foundation upon which to build psychiatry's future participation in managed care. Unlike medicine and surgery, where many of the diagnostic categories clearly define how a disorder is treated, what resources it takes, and how those resources have to be used, psychiatry is often inexact. Furthermore, there is a pervasive sense that others can do the job as well as, if n...
New Three-Spotted Cichlid Species with Hypertrophied Lips (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Deep Waters of Lake Malaŵi/Nyasa, Africa

Abstract To date, about 330 currently recognized species have been described from the haplochromine cichlid species flock endemic to Lake Malaŵi, Africa. Several hundred additional species await taxonomic treatment. A new species from this flock belonging to the genus Otopharynx is described from the deep waters of Lake Malaŵi. This species (known from only two demersal trawls made at different localities in water 78–135 m deep) is characterized by the presence of three distinct spots that do not extend to the dorsum and by moderately stout, bicuspid oral jaw teeth in outer series, placing it in the genus Otopharynx. It is a relatively deep-bodied member of this genus that differs from all other three-spotted cichlids by its fleshy, lobed lips. The greatly hypertrophied lips in this species may serve a sensory function by acting as an enlarged substrate for the expression of numerous taste buds in a peri-oral field. Additional characters are presented that distinguish this new species from its congeners. ...
Three new species of Hawaiian moths from Kahoolawe island (Lepidoptera: Crambidae & Coleophoridae)

Three new species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera are described herein: Pigritia uuku sp. nov. (Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae), Orthomecyna keoniae sp. nov. (Crambidae), and Tamsica kawikae sp. nov. (Crambidae) from Kahoolawe Island.
Tick-borne disease preventive practices and perceptions in an endemic area

Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States. Since the institution of Nationally Notifiable surveillance efforts for Lyme disease in the United States in 1991, there has been a consistent increase in the number of reported cases. Thus, the need for targeted prevention strategies is underscored. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge about tick-borne diseases as well as beliefs and practices related to a variety of personal tick-borne disease prevention methods among individuals in southwestern Connecticut, a Lyme disease-endemic area. Between June and September 2014, an anonymous questionnaire was administered to 275 participants through a point-of-contact convenience sample obtained at community events in southwestern Connecticut. The questionnaire assessed individuals’ general knowledge about tick-borne diseases, performance of four selected tick-borne disease prevention methods, and perceived effectiveness and burdensomeness of those four behaviors. Some 80% of participants were female; median age was 55 years (IQR 45–64 years); 30% reported having been treated for a tick-borne illness and 50% reported a family member having been treated for a tick-borne illness. Overall, participants’ knowledge of tick-borne diseases was poor; the average knowledge score was only 57% (SD 22.6%). The reported frequency of performing preventive behaviors was variable. The most commonly reported behavior was performing a tick check (68%); use of tick repellent was the least commonly reported behavior (38%). Those who were more knowledgeable about Lyme disease were more likely to perform tick checks but knowledge score was not significantly associated with any of the other three behaviors studied. Respondents largely believed preventive behaviors to be effective at reducing the risk of tick-borne diseases. Belief that a prevention behavior is effective was highly correlated with performing that behavior but perceived burdensomeness does not appear to influence behavior performance. The reasons for differential uptake of preventive behaviors remains unknown; further study of barriers to performance of personal preventive behaviors is needed to better target public health interventions.
TORIES AND THE RULE OF LAW IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II

(1993). TORIES AND THE RULE OF LAW IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. The Seventeenth Century: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 9-27.
Detection in human sera of antibodies directed against the hamster egg oolemma

Heteroantibodies were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in human sera, which reacted with unfertilized and fertilized hamster eggs. Oolemmal antigens to which these antibodies were directed were distinct from antigens present on the surface of living human spermatozoa. Both species-specific and tissue-specific heteroantibodies were demonstrated by absorption with hamster liver and ovary. An increased degree of heteroantibody binding was noted following penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by human spermatozoa, indicating that an alteration in oolemmal antigen distribution had occurred. No evidence was found, however, that antisperm antibodies in these sera reacted with zona-free hamster eggs following their fertilization.
Marechal's dialogue with Kant : The roots of transcendental thomism and the search for ultimate reality and meaning

Joseph Marechal (1878-1944) s'est considere comme le disciple fidele de saint Thomas. Ses efforts montrent que les penseurs catholiques peuvent rester fideles a l'esprit de saint Thomas tout en s'engageant dans un dialogue critique avec d'autres traditions philosophiques. Au coeur de l'entreprise philosophique de Marechal se trouve la tentative de dechiffrer les implications epistemologiques de la metaphysique de l'existence de Thomas d'Aquin. Pour ces deux auteurs, le plus grand mystere qui engloutit l'homme est le mystere de l'existence. L'A. montre que selon Marechal, qui dialogue avec Kant, etre en quete de la realite ultime n'est pas une entreprise esoterique mais qu'une reflexion sur la structure la plus profonde du processus cognitif revele que celle-ci est implicite dans tout effort intellectuel. En ce sens, l'union mystique avec Dieu represente l'accomplissement et non la negation des fonctions cognitives normales.
U.S. v. Warren Oh: The Case for Applying Aristotelian Modeling in Police Reforms

Scholarship regarding police reform tends to emphasize the bureaucratic nature of problems in policing, and, in turn, proposes administrative solutions, such as providing more training or critiquing specific language in a manual. I argue that instead of viewing policing problems as at their core administrative, we should be willing to view them, at least in part, as moral failings warranting ethical solutions. This perspective allows research on police reform to draw from a much larger corpus of existing ethical writings. I realize the application of ethical theory to police reform in the specific context of U.S. v. Warren, arguing that the success of the reforms implemented in the Warren Police Department is due in large part to the department's use of Aristotle's theory of "ethical modeling," which argues that ethics is best taught by providing people with moral models whose behavior they can emulate. Other police departments can apply Aristotelian ethical theory by providing positive models from whom officers can learn proper policing practices. This can be accomplished in several ways, such as expanding the use of mentoring programs, using more hypothetical role playing in training, and publicizing stories of officers who properly de-escalated tense situations.