cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation services: with emphasis on patients after myocardial infarction

During the 1970s, emphasis increased in clinical practice on early ambulation and exercise-based rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and other cardiac illnesses or procedures. This shift was based on the belief that exercise and improved conditioning would improve prognosis. We examine the evidence supporting this assertion. Most of the reports on cardiac rehabilitation are about patients who have coronary artery disease and a history of myocardial infarction. The review, therefore, is focused primarily on the patient who has had a myocardial infarction. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation, emphasizing exercise treatment and conditioning, are reviewed with regard to patient outcomes, including changes in functional (work) capacity, psychosocial functioning and health-related knowledge, risk factor modification, morbidity and mortality, and cardiac function. The safety of cardiac exercise programs is reviewed, and the use of telemetry monitoring is considered. We also discuss the role of cardiac rehabilitation in categories of patients other than those with myocardial infarction and the application of newer approaches to rehabilitation such as programs based in the patient's home.
Temperature effect on the performance of polarization-maintaining fibers

The cross coupling of the polarization modes of polarization-maintaining fibers is measured in a temperature control chamber. The temperature dependence of the extinction ratio is analyzed in terms of a steady temperature gradient and a fluctuating component that are experimentally controlled. The consistency of the experimental results with the theoretical analysis in this study can be used to limit the applications of fibers to specific desirable designs. Temperature range for the required accuracy is also addressed.
Microwave-assisted LIBS: Towards a new tool for trace element detection and molecular plasma spectrochemistry

This study shows the modification of molecular and atomic signals in microwave-assisted laser-induced plasma spectroscopy and the potential for trace element detection and molecular plasma spectroscopy.
Growth Performance of All‐Female and Mixed‐Sex Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio L. Populations in the Central Europe Climatic Conditions

The results of a 4-yr study focused on comparing growth performance in all-female and mixed-sex populations of common carp are presented. All-female and mixed-sex populations of purebred Northern mirror carp (M72) and scaly crossbreds of female Ropsha (ROP) and male/neomale M72 carp (ROP × M72) were used for this experiment. Average weight and survival after each growing season and slaughtering value after the third and fourth year of the study were measured. While after 8 wk of rearing no differences between all-female and mixed-sex populations were found, the 1-yr-old all-female mirror carp population (M72) gained 29.7% more weight (P < 0.0001) than the mixed-sex (68.5:± 15.8 g against 52.8:± 13.9 g; meant S.D.) population. After the second, third and fourth year of rearing, live weight was 9.5% (P= 0.0062) and 6.8% (P= 0.0229) and insignificantly 5.1 % higher, respectively, in the all-female population. There was no significant difference, even after the fourth growing season, in live weight between all-females and bisexual scaly crossbreds (2,192 g± 478.3 and 2,206 g± 484.5, respectively). The percentage of the main edible parts (processed body, filleting yield) was significantly higher in both mirror and scaly, all-female populations at 3 yr of age but not significantly different in 4-yr-old fish. No distinct differences in survival and body shape of all-female and bisexual populations were found. The potential of all-female populations for commercial production is discussed.
Atypical and Pathological Multiplication of Cells Approached through Studies on Crown Gall

Introduction The basic principles involved in atypical and pathological multiplication of cells seem to need further elucidation if continued progress is to be made against cancer and related growths. One approach to this complex and difficult problem is through a study of the activity of individual cells. Their importance in disease was emphasized in the middle of the last century shortly after the development of the cell theory. This study may emphasize the physiology (1) of the agents causing atypical cell proliferation where these are known, (2) of the proliferating cells, and (3) the interrelations between the cells and the stimulating agent. One of the greatest handicaps in such work has been the lack of suitable experimental materials and methods. The obvious difficulties involved in controlled tests on human beings have stimulated the research worker to seek other living materials suitable for exacting experimental examination, but the use of such materials involves the danger of drawing unwarranted analogies between one kind of living organism and another. The difficulty of comparisons between cells of lower animals and those of man is clearly recognized. Obstacles in comparisons between plant cells and animal cells are likewise evident. While these difficulties should warn the investigator against unjustified interpretations, they should not discourage him from employing suitable material and from pursuing lines of investigation which either may clarify the situation or may indicate the manner of reaching a solution. Students of cytology recognize that proteinaceous living material is fundamentally similar, that studies of plant cells have aided in the work on animal cells, and vice versa. It seems so well accepted that many basic life processes in the cells of plants and animals (including man) are similar, that this point needs no discussion here. It is likewise unnecessary to elaborate on the axiomatic expression that a basic advance in one biological field very commonly assists in the development of related fields.
Non-linear least squares fit of the chi-square and t distributions

Coefficients and functions are given to approximate the X 2 and t distributions by to within .
Helix packing in polytopic membrane proteins: role of glycine in transmembrane helix association.

Abstract The nature and distribution of amino acids in the helix interfaces of four polytopic membrane proteins (cytochrome c oxidase, bacteriorhodopsin, the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides , and the potassium channel of Streptomyces lividans ) are studied to address the role of glycine in transmembrane helix packing. In contrast to soluble proteins where glycine is a noted helix breaker, the backbone dihedral angles of glycine in transmembrane helices largely fall in the standard α -helical region of a Ramachandran plot. An analysis of helix packing reveals that glycine residues in the transmembrane region of these proteins are predominantly oriented toward helix-helix interfaces and have a high occurrence at helix crossing points. Moreover, packing voids are generally not formed at the position of glycine in folded protein structures. This suggests that transmembrane glycine residues mediate helix-helix interactions in polytopic membrane proteins in a fashion similar to that seen in oligomers of membrane proteins with single membrane-spanning helices. The picture that emerges is one where glycine residues serve as molecular notches for orienting multiple helices in a folded protein complex.
Addressing Language Concerns in the Schools: The SLP as Consultant

An alternative service delivery model is proposed which enables the speech-language pathologist to address a wider range of language concerns in the public schools. This consultative model is described in terms of the structure needed to ensure its effectiveness and the procedures which might be used to ensure successful implementation.
Pseudopotential method for band structure energy of liquid metals

A formula for the band structure energy Ubs of simple liquid metals in the terms of the interference function a(q) is derived. Ubs is evaluated both for experimental and theoretical shape of a(q). Although the contribution of Ubs to the total energy is small, it is suggested that presented formalism could be used for other atomic properties, where its role is expected to be more pronounced.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Left ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with primary hypertension.

Hypertrophic growth of the heart is a response to ventricular wall stress, and has been associated with athletic training, neurohormonal activation, or chronically increased hemodynamic load.1 Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most commonly assessed target organ effect of hypertension among children and adolescents. While the future impact of LVH detected during childhood is not known, LVH is associated with significantly increased cardiac risk among adults.2 The LV mass of children with hypertension (HTN) is greater than that of children with normal blood pressure (BP). In a cross sectional study of children with primary hypertension, the prevalence of LVH was 15.5 and 41.1% based upon adult and pediatric criteria, respectively.3 Several recent studies have emphasized the increased risk for LVH among children with hypertension and/or obesity.4-6 Hemodynamic loading by increased pressure (afterload) or volume (preload) results in changes in LV geometry. The former stimulates a concentric pattern characterized by the parallel addition of myofibrils that create LV wall thickening, whereas an eccentric pattern is characterized by the series addition of sarcomeres creating myofibril elongation and LV chamber enlargement.7, 8 Classification of these responses, in conjunction with the evaluation of relative wall thickness (LV wall thickness to internal chamber dimension ratio), has been extensively examined for prognostic importance in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and its related co-morbidities. Four geometric patterns have emerged.9, 10 Normal LV geometry is characterized by normal LV mass with normal relative wall thickness (RWT); concentric remodeling describes a pattern of normal LV mass in the presence of elevated RWT; concentric hypertrophy is identified by LVH in the presence of elevated RWT; and eccentric hypertrophy displays LVH with normal RWT (dilated LV chamber). Daniels et al. reported that 47% of children with primary hypertension had LVMI >95th percentile; within that cohort of 130 hypertensive children, 30% had eccentric hypertrophy and 17% had concentric hypertrophy, while an additional 9% displayed concentric remodeling.11 The aim of the current study was to assess LV geometry in a clinical cohort of untreated children with primary hypertension who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as part of their evaluation.
Case study: reduction of gluteal implant infection rates with use of retention sutures.

The intramuscular technique has been the most popular technique among plastic surgeons for gluteal implantation.1 Complication rates of up to 30% including infection, hematoma, seromas, and dehiscence have been reported in several studies employing intramuscular, submuscular, or subcutaneous approaches.2–4 Latest studies employing the intramuscular approach with a 2-cm-deep muscular implantation pocket have reported overall complication rates of less than 15% for seroma formation, dehiscence of sutures, and infection requiring removal and reduced injury and irritation of the sciatic nerve.5 Plastic surgeons continue to search for new techniques and approaches to reduce complication rate of gluteal implants given the high demand for this surgery. In this case study, we hypothesize that infection of implants may come secondary to incision dehiscence allowing stool species to colonize the incision and dissection planes. To prevent the latter, we used a simple alternative closure technique combined with intramuscular gluteal implantation that may reduce tension and dehiscence and ultimately reduce infection rates.6–8
Does Ignorance Really Produce Irresponsible Behavior

One of the major concerns voiced by parents/teachers considering consenting to the provision of sex education for their children is whether the provision of this service will stimulate their children to act more socially inappropriate than if the topic were avoided. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare resultant sexual behavior(s) of institutionalized developmentally disabled with their behavior(s) prior to the introduction of sex education and counseling. The result indicates that the students did not become more inappropriate, in fact on a number of measures they improved.
Developmental course of temporal patterning in vision and audition.

-The ability to judge temporal patterns when they are presented visually and auditorily was examined in children at different age levels from 3 through 11 yr. The children did not make judgments at equivalent levels of accuracy for the same temporal sequences presented visually and auditorily until they were 9 yr. old. Competence in judging the patterns when visually presented was inferior in children under 9 yr. Ability to judge temporal sequences when presented in one sensory modality did not predict ability to make judgments of identical sequences in the other. The implications for function attaching to a differential developmental course for making temporal judgments of sequences presented in the two sense modalities are discussed.
Anterior cerebral artery amputation and salvage repair of internal carotid artery tear: technical case report.

Objective We describe a novel technique used to repair an unanticipated tear of the internal carotid artery (ICA) requiring anterior cerebral artery (ACA) amputation to allow primary repair of the arteriotomy. Clinical presentation A 59-year-old woman underwent an orbitozygomatic craniotomy to treat a large, suprasellar, thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenoma. During resection, an incidental ICA tear occurred opposite the exit of the middle cerebral artery. Technique After an ICA tear on the wall opposite the middle cerebral artery occurred, clips were placed on the ICA, middle cerebral artery, and ACA. Primary closure was not feasible without critically stenosing the ICA. The ipsilateral ACA was clipped and amputated just distal to its origin. The relaxation afforded by amputating the ACA allowed primary suture repair of the arteriotomy. A clip was placed on the proximal ACA stump. The distal ACA stump revealed good backflow and was also clipped. Conclusion When an arteriotomy of a large intracranial artery cannot be repaired primarily, creative alternatives must be considered. Amputation of a branch artery with sufficient collateral flow is a method to afford adequate relaxation for primary repair of an arteriotomy. This novel method should be considered in the armamentarium of neurosurgeons to minimize the impact of potentially disastrous vascular complications.
Risk evaluation on low water-crossing structures

Highway engineers occasionally face the dilemma of either constructing a regular high bridge so that traffic would not be interrupted by floods or using a low water-crossing structure so that traffic would be interrupted by floods at certain time intervals. The low water-crossing structure (LWCS) is usually much cheaper but has strong negative social and political impacts. A public-opinion survey was conducted and analyzed for the thoughts from various engineers from state highway departments, forest services, and other institutes on this issue. The most important intangible factors for the selection of LWCS were (in order of importance): possible damage to human life, amount of daily traffic, frequency of possible floodings, legal considerations, and the location as part of an emergency route. Availability of an alternate route, duration of traffic interruptions, and possible property damage form the second most important group. Certain absolute constraints were concluded from these questionnaires. A warning system is an important ingredient for the selection of LWCS also. Respondents overwhelmingly (more than 85%) indicated that they would be willing to consider changing their criteria for the selection of LWCS if a great majority (more than 75%) of other designers have criteria different from their own.
Chitosan-Poly(acrylic acid): Mechanism of Complex Formation and Potential Industrial Applications

The food industry is interested in polyelectrolytic coagulants of natural origin for the clarification of food beverages and the recovery of colloidal and dispersed particles from processing waste streams. This paper discusses potential industrial applications of recent findings on polymer complex formation obtained with a chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) model system. Process recommendations could be made on the basis of the ionic strength, pH, and charged group concentration of the fluid to be treated. Ionic strength does not affect the complex formation process. The amount of chitosan in the complex formed is controlled by the solution pH. The mechanism of complex formation indicates that pH measurements could be used to monitor the coagulation process.
Impact of Systemic Corticosteroids on Healthcare Utilization in Patients With Sarcoidosis

Abstract Introduction Practical complications of chronic systemic corticosteroid (SC) use in patients with sarcoidosis are poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of SC use in patients with sarcoidosis on unscheduled sarcoidosis-attributed and nonsarcoidosis-attributed healthcare utilization (SHCU and NSHCU, respectively). Methods Retrospective analysis of patient-reported HCU between clinic visits at a university hospital sarcoidosis outpatient clinic. Results A total of 441 included patients had a mean (standard deviation) of 2.4 (1.2) organs involved, were followed up for a mean of 2.9 (2.4) years and received a median cumulative dose of 2680 mg of prednisone. Patients in the higher 50th percentile of cumulated SC reported a higher unadjusted mean annual SHCU (0.33 versus 0.22, P P = 0.88). After adjustment for age, race and sex, persons in the higher 50th percentile of corticosteroid exposure had a similar odds of overall NSHCU (adjusted odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.74-1.44) but a 2.2 (95% CI = 1.5-3.3) odds of greater nonsarcoidosis attributable emergency department visits. in separate analysis of the reasons for NSHCU, persons with greater SC use had a 1.74 (95% CI = 1.16-2.62) odds of more infectious disease-related complaints and a trend toward more visits for cardiovascular problems (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.96-2.32). Conclusions Greater SC use is associated with small but significant increase in HCU related to infection and increased unscheduled emergency department visits for complaints not directly attributable to sarcoidosis.
TGF-β in the pathogenesis and prevention of disease: a matter of aneurysmic proportions

TGF-beta regulates many aspects of cellular performance relevant to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Postnatal perturbation of TGF-beta signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of many disease states, as recently exemplified through the study of Marfan syndrome (MFS), including aortic aneurysm and skeletal muscle myopathy. Heterogeneity in the regulation and consequences of TGF-beta signaling, amplified in the context of disease, has engendered confusion and controversy regarding its utility as a therapeutic target. Three studies recently published in the JCI, including one in this issue, underscore the complexity of this subject. Heydemann and colleagues implicate dimorphic variation in latent TGF-beta-binding protein 4 (LTBP4), a regulator of TGF-beta bioavailability and activation, as a modifier of muscular dystrophy in gamma-sarcoglycan-deficient mice. In contrast to experience with ascending aortic aneurysm in MFS, Wang and colleagues show that systemic abrogation of TGF-beta signaling worsens (rather than attenuates) Ang II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in mice. Tieu and colleagues define alterations in the regulation of vascular inflammation in the pathogenesis of Ang II-induced aneurysm and dissection in mice, which may help shed some light on this apparent paradox.
Gel-based proteomics of liver cancer progression in rat

Abstract A significant challenge in proteomics biomarker research is to identify the changes that are of highest diagnostic interest, among the many unspecific aberrations associated with disease burden and inflammation. In the present study liver tissue specimens (n = 18) from six experimental stages were collected from the resistant hepatocyte (RH) rat model of liver cancer and analyzed by 2D DIGE. The study included triplicates of regenerating liver, control “sham-operated” liver, three distinct premalignant stages and hepatomas. Out of 81 identified proteins two-thirds were differentially abundant in rat hepatomas compared to control rat liver and, secondly, the majority of proteins were also changed in precursor stages. This underscores the importance of adequate control samples in explorative cancer biomarker research. We confirm several proteomic changes previously identified in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and we identify novel candidate proteomic aberrations for further analysis in human HCC. In particular, increased levels of HSP70, HSP90, AKR1B1, AKR7A3, GCLM, ANXA5, VDBP, RGN and SULT1E1 were associated specifically with rat hepatomas, or with liver cancer progression in rat. In addition, we examine an integrated gel-based workflow for analysis of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and microtubule-association. We highlight differential PTM and localization of HSP60 as an interesting target for further analysis in liver cancer.
A Non-Parametric Option Pricing Model: Theory and Empirical Evidence

In this paper, we propose an empirically-based, non-parametric option pricing model to evaluate S&P 500 index options. Given the fact that the model is derived under the real measure, an equilibrium asset pricing model, instead of no-arbitrage, must be assumed. Using the histogram of past S&P 500 index returns, we find that most of the volatility smile documented in the literature disappears.
HYDROLYSIS OF LACTOSE IN ACID WHEY BY LACTASE BOUND TO POROUS GLASS PARTICLES IN TUBULAR REACTORS

Partially purified lactases (β-galactosidase, EC3.2.1.23) from Aspergillus niger were covalently bound to acetone-silanized, diazotized porous glass particles (mean pore diam, 86.5 nm; particle diam, 75–125 μm). The temperature (∼55°C) and pH (3.5–4.0) optima were established in acid whey containing 5% total whey solids. Lactose hydrolyzing activity was stable during 43 days of semicontinuous operation at 55°C with reconstituted acid whey (pH = 4.5) at total solids (TS) concentrations varied between 4 and 25% and to which 5 ml/liter toluene had been added to retard microbiological contamination. Kinetic experiments with acid wheys gave results reproducible when assayed by both thin layer chromatography (TLC) and glucose oxidase (GS) procedures, although the TLC method gave systematically higher Values at intermediate conversions and high TS concentrations. The kinetics of lactose hydrolysis by columns of lactase bound to porous glass (LBG) of 1.6 cm diam and lengths of 1, 5 and 10.5 cm showed some evidence for reduction of the rate of lactose hydrolysis by film diffusion resistances. Calculations using correlations for packed beds also suggest the presence of diffusional effects. Lactose was hydrolyzed slightly more rapidly in whey than in deproteinized whey. Lactose hydrolysis rates in both types of reconstituted whey increased as the TS concentrations increased from 4 to 25%. The data did not obey any of a number of integrated reaction rate equations, including a rate equation which accounted for competitive product inhibition of Michaelis enzyme kinetics. Failure of simple models is due in part to diffusional resistances and in part to the large range of concentrations studied. The LBG preparation retained appreciable activity after more than 8 months of frequent use at a wide variety of conditions.
High-resolution properties of the Equatorial Pacific marine atmospheric boundary layer from lidar and radiosonde observations

Abstract A “thermostat” mechanism for cooling the Equatorial pacific is being tested with data collected during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment. The Los Alamos National Laboratory participated by fielding two shipboard lidars that collected nearly continuous data over the Pacific from 10 to 21 March 1993 as the ship sailed from Guadalcanal to Christmas Island. A Raman lidar measured water vapor mixing ratio in the lower troposphere, especially in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and an aerosol backscatter lidar measured height and thickness of clouds to an altitude of 20 km. The data collected from these two lidars were used to determine ocean–atmosphere phenomenology, which in turn, affects the climatology of the Central Pacific. Agreement between coincident radiosonde and the Raman water vapor lidar measurements was typically within ±0.25 g kg−1 of water. Divergence between the two instruments occurred at transitions between distinct layers in the lower marine atmosphere. Reasons f...
Simulation self-diagnoses

After an initial simulation model is created for a construction process, it still involves a time-consuming and difficult debugging process to identify and correct errors in the model until a valid experiment is obtained. Both comprehensive knowledge and hands-on experience are essential in achieving efficiency in this labor-intensive process. This research presents the simulation self-diagnosis methods based on the general role that simulation entities play in advancing a simulation, in which entities dynamically flow in the model and activate activities to operate as the simulation time advances. A valid simulation requires that all entities must flow in correct patterns and all activities must be correctly executed in the experiment. The presented self-diagnosis methodology consists of two separate stages: model compilation and runtime diagnosis. Compiling a model intends to examine the matching relations between modeling elements in the model. Diagnosing an experiment at runtime explores any abnormally executed activities and then to search for corresponding causes. Both stages can pinpoint errors in the model and suggest corresponding corrective measures. An example is used to illustrate the improved debugging process with the enhanced self-diagnosis function.
Reversible catalyst deactivation in the photocatalytic oxidation of dilute o-xylene in air

Abstract The reversible deactivation rate during gas–solid heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of airborne dilute o -xylene over near-ultraviolet irradiated titanium dioxide catalyst depends on o -xylene concentration and the relative humidity of the reactant stream. Deactivation kinetics can be described by an exponentially decaying deactivation factor with time on stream. The exponential deactivation factor α decreases linearly with decreasing o -xylene concentration and increasing relative humidity. The catalyst can be completely regenerated by passing humid air through the bed under continuous UV-irradiation, showing that the deactivation process is reversible. Infrared spectroscopy during UV irradiation and continuous flow of o -xylene-contaminated air indicates adsorption of o -xylene, along with formation of o -tolualdehyde, o -toluic acid, and benzoate ion. Infrared bands of the complete oxidation product carbon dioxide are also observed. The titania surface coverages of the reactant and aromatic partial oxidation intermediates are significantly higher for conditions of low relative humidity than for conditions of high humidity. Experiments performed at low relative humidity favor the buildup of o -xylene and o -toluic acid on the catalyst surface, and these species may be responsible for the apparent loss in activity. Regeneration of the catalyst deactivated during the photocatalytic oxidation process run at high humidity requires much shorter catalyst treatment time than that for the catalyst deactivated by photocatalytic oxidation run at low humidity. This phenomenological behavior suggests that hydroxyl radicals play a significant role in both the oxidation and the regeneration processes.
Modes of a laser resonator with a retroreflective mirror.

The self-consistent integral equation for the field distribution of the resonant modes in an inclined retroreflective grating resonator is solved in the limit of large Fresnel numbers. The transverse field distribution in the direction perpendicular to the grating grooves can be described in terms of Hermite-Gaussian functions provided that λ ≪ d ≪ w, where λ is the wavelength, d is the grating spacing, and w is the beam spot size.
Multiple modernities : cinemas and popular media in transcultural East Asia

Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction - Jenny Kwok Wah Lau Part I: States of Modernities 1. Globalization and Youthful Subculture: The Chinese Sixth-Generation Films at the Dawn of the New Century - Jenny Kwok Wah Lau 2. Marx or Market: Chinese Rock and the Sound of Fury - Jeroen de Kloet 3. Reexamining the East and the West: Tanizaki Jun'ichiro, "Orientalism," and Popular Culture - Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto 4. Stranger Than Tokyo: Space and Race in Postnational Japanese Cinema - Yomota Inuhiko, translated by Aaron Gerow 5. Discourse on Modernization in 1990s Korean Cinema - Han Ju Kwak 6. Youth in Crisis: National and Cultural Identity in New South Korean Cinema - Frances Gateward 7. The Fragmented Commonplace: Alternative Arts and Cosmopolitanism in Hong Kong - Hector Rodriguez Part II: Postmodernism and Its Discontents 8. Immediacy, Parody, and Image in the Mirror: Is There a Postmodern Scene in Beijing? - Dai Jinhua, translated by Jing M. Wang 9. Terms of Transition: The Action Film, Postmodernism, and Issues of an East-West Perspective - Chuck Kleinhans 10. Consuming Asia: Chinese and Japanese Popular Culture and the American Imaginary - David Desser Part III: Women in Modern Asia 11. Of Executioners and Courtesans: The Performance of Gender in Hong Kong Cinema of the 1990s - Augusta Lee Palmer and Jenny Kwok Wah Lau 12. The Woman with Broken Palm Lines: Subject, Agency, Fortune-Telling, and Women in Taiwanese Television Drama - Lin Szu-Ping About the Contributors Index
Hydrogen adsorption on alkali metal surfaces: Wetting, prewetting and triple-point wetting

We report the results of a quartz microbalance study of the multilayer adsorption of H2 and D2 on sodium and on rubidium. On sodium H2 and D2 display the well known phenomenon of triple-point wetting. Interestingly low temperature adsorption isotherms of H2 on the evaporated Na surface show sharp layering transitions. On rubidium a weaker substrate H2 and D2 undergo a wetting transition in the liquid phase followed by sharp presetting transitions away from liquid-vapor coexistence. The prewetting phase diagram of H2 on Rb has been quantitatively mapped out.
Synthesis of bromoallenyl pyrrolidines via 1,4-addition to 1,3-enynes

The discovery of the novel reactivity of conjugated enynes, mediated by readily available halogenation reagents, opens a broad range of mechanistically unique pathways for the synthesis of highly functionalized chiral allene derivatives. Bromoallenyl pyrrolidines can be synthesized via 1,4-addition of sulfonamide nitrogen nucleophiles and halogens to conjugated enynes. This process can lead to simultaneous formation of a highly functionalized axially chiral allene and a stereogenic center under economical and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in a food colorant derived from red beets

Three commercial lots of the red beet colorant were inoculated to contain circa 10(3) to 10(7) Listeria monocytogenes strains California, V7, or Scott A per milliliter and stored for 56 d at 7 degrees C. McBride listeria agar was used to determine numbers of survivors. Selected colonies thought to be L. monocytogenes were confirmed biochemically. When necessary, samples were tested by cold enrichment (up to 8 weeks). Samples of colorant initially containing 10(3) to 10(4) strain California/ml were always free of the pathogen after 56 d, and sometimes after 42 d. Samples with high initial numbers (10(5) to 10(6)/ml) were not free of the pathogen after 8 wk at 7 degrees C. Strains V7 and Scott A, regardless of size of initial population, always survived beyond 56 d. Before inoculation, all test samples of colorant were free of L. monocytogenes (direct plating or cold enrichment).
Defending Network-Based Services Against Denial of Service Attacks

Over the last decade, several value-added services have been proposed for deployment in the Internet. IP multicast is an example of such a service. IP multicast is a stateful service in that it requires routers to maintain state for forwarding multicast data toward receivers. This characteristic makes the service and its users vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. One type of attack aims to saturate the available buffer space for storing state information at the routers. A successful attack can prevent end systems from properly joining multicast groups. In this paper, we present a solution to state overload attacks; evaluate the overhead of the solution through a combination of simulation and implementation; and outline an incremental deployment strategy for its partial deployment. The evaluation results indicate that our solution improves the resistance of IP multicast to state overload attacks.
Spawning salmon and the phenology of emergence in stream insects.

Phenological dynamics are controlled by environmental factors, disturbance regimes and species interactions that alter growth or mortality risk. Ecosystem engineers can be a key source of disturbance, yet their effects on the phenologies of co-occurring organisms are virtually unexplored. We investigated how the abundance of a dominant ecosystem engineer, spawning sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ), alters the emergence phenology of stream insects. In streams with high densities of salmon, peak insect emergence occurred in early July, immediately prior to salmon spawning. By contrast, peak insect emergence in streams with low densities of salmon was weeks later and more protracted. The emergence of specific taxa was also significantly related to salmon density. A common rearing experiment revealed that differences in emergence timing are maintained in the absence of spawning salmon. We hypothesize that these patterns are probably driven by predictable and severe disturbance from nest-digging salmon driving local adaptation and being a trait filter of insect emergence. Thus, salmon regulate the timing and duration of aquatic insect emergence, a cross-ecosystem flux from streams to riparian systems.
Opinions on matters connected with the evaluation of programs and methods for integrating ordinary differential equations

Eighty-seven items which might be considered in the evaluation of programs for solving differential equations are listed, and ten experts in the field give their opinions on the importance of each item.
Application of Hilbert-Huang transformation for detection of damage in concrete

Several nondestructive testing methods can be used to estimate the extent of damage in a concrete structure. Pulse-velocity and amplitude attenuation methods are very common in nondestructive ultrasonic evaluation. Velocity of propagation is not very sensitive to the degree of damage unless a great deal of micro-damages have evolved into localized macro-damages. The amplitude attenuation method is potentially more sensitive to damage than the pulse-velocity method. However, this method depends strongly on the coupling conditions between the transducers and the concrete and hence is unreliable. In a previous study, a new active modulation approach, Nonlinear Active Wave Modulation Spectroscopy, was developed and found promising for early detection of damage in concrete. In this procedure, a probe wave is passed through the system in a fashion similar to regular acoustic methods for inspection. Simultaneously, a second, low-frequency modulating wave is applied to the system to effectively change the size and stiffness of flaws microscopically and cyclically, thereby causing the frequency modulation to change cyclically as well. The resulting amplified modulations can be correlated to the extent of damage and quantification of small damage becomes possible. In this paper, we present the use of Hilbert-Huang transform to significantly enhance the damage detection sensitivity of this modulation method by performing time-frequency decomposition of nonlinear non-stationary time-domain responses.
The merits of a longer school day

Abstract This paper presents results of an empirical study of the effects of increasing the amount of math and reading instruction offered to third through sixth grade students. The data come from a nationwide random sample for the 1976–1977 school year. While blacks and Hispanics received significantly greater hours of instruction than whites, all groups experienced diminishing returns at the observed amounts of instruction. In nearly all cases there appeared to be little benefit expected from a further increase in the amount of math and reading instruction offered per day.
Parameterization, verification, and validation of a physiologically complex age-structured rice simulation model

Abstract A model of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) growth and development is presented which accurately simulates the seasonal numbers and mass of roots, culms, leaf sheaths, leaf blades, panicle vegetative components, and grains for the main tillers and subtillers. The physiological detail imbedded within the model departed to the greatest degree from previously published rice simulation models in its tiller cohort and plant part age structure, and its metabolite partitioning structure. Possibly the greatest distinction between RICEPSM and previously developed rice models is the inclusion of a statistically rigorous model parameterization, verification, and validation process. The verification-validation approach used in this paper has the advantage of enabling the individual and collective fit of multiple response variables. The verified model explained 88% of the variability across 13 data types, with 88 and 93% of the variability explained for main tiller and subtiller grain yield, respectively. When validated against a second year of data, 87% of the variability across the 13 data types, and 92 and 95% of main tiller and subtiller grain yield, respectively, was explained. The paper contrasts the verification and validation approach presented in this paper with that used in other simulation-based papers.
Permeable Pavement as a Hydraulic and Filtration Interface for Urban Drainage

Permeable pavement, specifically cementitious permeable pavement (CPP), is a passive structural low impact development material and green infrastructure system for rainfall-runoff control. Multifunctional engineered CPP can fulfill requirements as a load-transmitting surface while serving as a more environmentally conscious infrastructure material that functions to restore the in situ hydrology while also functioning as a passive treatment unit operation and process. As an infrastructure material; CPP reduces runoff, filters, and treats infiltrating runoff, reduces thermal pollution and temperature, provides the load-carrying capacity of conventional rigid concrete pavement, and leaches environmentally beneficial Ca and alkalinity, as compared to flexible asphalt. In this study, pore characteristics of CPP, including effective porosity ( ϕe ) , pore size distribution and tortuosity (τ) are examined using x-ray tomography and gravimetric-geometric methods. Total porosity ( ϕt ) is measured and utilized as ...
Molecular detection of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines in soybean roots and soil

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect DNA of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, the cause of soybean sudden death syndrome. Two pairs of primers, Fsg1/Fsg2 designed from the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and FsgEF1/FsgEF2 designed from the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, produced PCR products of 438 and 237 bp, respectively. Primer specificity was tested with DNA from 82 F. solani f. sp. glycines, 55 F. solani non-SDS isolates, 43 isolates of 17 soybean fungal pathogens and the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, and soybean. The sensitivity of primer Fsg1/Fsg2 was 10 pg while that of FsgEF1/FsgEF2 was 1 ng when using F. solani f. sp. glycines total genomic DNA or down to 103 macroconidia g−1 soil. Nested PCR increased the sensitivity of the PCR assay 1000-fold to 10 fg using primers Fsg1/Fsg2, and 1 pg using primers FsgEF1/FsgEF2. F. solani f. sp. glycines DNA was detected in field-grown soybean roots and soil by PCR using either single pairs of primers or the combination of two pairs of primers. The occurrence of F. solani f. sp. glycines was determined using nested PCR for 47 soil samples collected from soybean fields in 20 counties of Illinois in 1999. F. solani f. sp. glycines was detected in soil samples from all five Illinois Agricultural Statistic Districts including 100, 89, 50, 92 and 50% of the samples from East, Central, North-east and West Districts, respectively.
Traces of Catastrophe: A Handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures

This handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures emphasizes terrestrial impact structures, field geology, and particularly the recognition and petrographic study of shock-metamorphic effects in terrestrial rocks. Individual chapters include: 1) Landscapes with Craters: Meteorite Impacts, Earth, and the Solar System; 2) Target Earth: Present, Past and Future; 3) Formation of Impact Craters; 4) Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Rocks and Minerals; 5) Shock-Metamorphosed Rocks (Impactities) in Impact Structures; 6) Impact Melts; 7) How to Find Impact Structures; and 8) What Next? Current Problems and Future Investigations.
Insulin-like growth factor I induces mesangial proliferation and increases mRNA and secretion of collagen

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a peptide growth factor that is synthesized in cultured mesangial cells and induces hyperplasia. We tested whether incubation with IGF-1 at concentrations of 7 nM, 70 nM, and 350 nM stimulates mesangial cell extracellular matrix mRNA and protein levels, and whether it influences mesangial cell growth. Mesangial cells incubated with IGF-1 demonstrated a statistically significant increase in procollagen alpha 1(I) (100 +/- 13% vs. 147 +/- 12%, 154 +/- 10%, and 173 +/- 21%) and alpha 1(IV) 100 +/- 9% vs. 112 +/- 9%, 125 +/- 8%, and 172 +/- 28%) mRNA. Furthermore, IGF-1 also stimulated a statistically significant increment in alpha 1(IV) mRNA in isolated glomeruli when measured by Northern hybridization and corroborated by in situ hybridization experiments. In addition, mesangial cells incubated with IGF-1 induced a statistically significant increase in both secreted and cell associated type I (secreted: 100 +/- 5% vs. 127 +/- 9%, 148 +/- 5%, 178 +/- 11%; and cell-associated: 100 +/- 19 vs. 132 +/- 17%, 198 +/- 24%, and 314 +/- 17%) and type IV (secreted: 100 +/- 19% vs. 138 +/- 11%, 192 +/- 17%, 379 +/- 16%, and cell-associated: 100 +/- 8% vs. 139 +/- 10%, 206 +/- 16%, 310 +/- 15%) collagen. Thus, mRNA and collagen levels increased in a dose dependent fashion after incubation with IGF-1. Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulated hyperplasia but not hypertrophy in this in vitro system. These data suggest that IGF-1 may contribute to glomerular sclerosis by increasing mesangial matrix production as well as proliferation.
All-trans-retinol alteration of 1-nitronaphthalene-induced pulmonary and hepatic injury by modulation of associated inflammatory responses in the male Sprague-Dawley rat.

Abstract Large doses of retinol (vitamin A) have been shown to potentiate the hepatotoxicity of several chemicals in rats. The objective of this study was to determine how retinol would affect the pulmonary and hepatic toxicity caused by 1-nitronaphthalene (1-NN). All- trans -retinol (75 mg/kg/day, po) was administered for 7 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats. One day after the last dose of retinol, animals were given a single injection of 1-NN (100 mg/kg, ip). At 24 hr, animals receiving retinol vehicle and 1-NN exhibited respiratory distress syndrome and chromodacryorrhea. Pulmonary morphological changes included necrosis and exfoliation of the bronchiolar epithelium, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitial areas around affected bronchioles. The bronchioalveolar lavage fluid from these animals exhibited significant increases in the activities of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as protein and inflammatory cell content. Following pretreatment with retinol, none of the animals treated with 1-NN exhibited outward signs of toxicity. In addition, the lavage fluid of these rats revealed significant reductions in inflammatory cells, protein, and LDH activity. However, lavage fluid GGT activity was significantly increased. Morphological evaluation of the lungs revealed nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell damage with no associated inflammation. Retinol pretreatment resulted in potentiated hepatotoxicity as indicated by increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase and GGT activities, as well as plasma total bilirubin. The altered plasma enzyme activities correlated with increased hepatocyte and bile duct epithelial necrosis, as well as an increased infiltration of neutrophils into the areas around bile ducts. Retinol potentiation of 1-NN-induced hepatocyte necrosis was significantly reduced following pretreatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl 3 ). From these experiments, we conclude that in the lung pretreatment with retinol decreased the severity of 1-NN-induced toxicity apparently by an anti-inflammatory mechanism. In the liver, retinol potentiated 1-NN-induced liver injury apparently through a proinflammatory mechanism by activating Kupffer cells and increasing the infiltration of neutrophils into the periportal regions adjacent to bile ducts.
Compact snapshot real-time imaging spectrometer

The described spectral imaging system, referred to as a Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging Fourier Transform (SHIFT) spectrometer, is capable of acquiring spectral image data of a scene in a single integration of a camera, is ultra-compact, inexpensive (commercial off-the-shelf), has no moving parts, and can produce datacubes (x, y, λ) in real time. Based on the multiple-image FTS originally developed by A. Hirai [1], the presented device offers significant advantages over his original implementation. Namely, its birefringent nature results in a common-path interferometer which makes the spectrometer insensitive to vibration. Furthermore, it enables the potential of making the instrument ultra-compact, thereby improving the portability of the sensor. By combining a birefringent interferometer with a lenslet array, the entire spectrometer consumes approximately 15×15×20 mm3, excluding the imaging camera. The theory of the birefringent FTS is provided, followed by details of its specific embodiment and a laboratory proof of concept of the sensor. Post-processing is currently accomplished in Matlab, but progress is underway in developing real-time reconstruction capabilities with software programmed on a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is anticipated that processing of >30 datacubes per second can be achieved with modest GPU hardware, with spatial/spectral data of or exceeding 256×256 spatial resolution elements and 60 spectral bands over the visible (400-800 nm) spectrum. Data were collected outdoors, demonstrating the sensor's ability to resolve spectral signatures in standard outdoor lighting and environmental conditions as well as retinal imaging.