cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulations inform design of regional occupancy‐based monitoring for a sparsely distributed, territorial species

Sparsely distributed species attract management concern. Insufficient information on population trends, however, challenges conservation and funding prioritization. Occupancybased methods are cost effective and therefore attractive for broad-scale trend monitoring, but appropriate sampling design and inference depend on particulars of the study system. We employed spatially explicit simulations to inform regional occupancy-based monitoring of white-headed woodpeckers (Picoides albolvartus), a sparsely distributed, territorial species threatened by habitat decline and degradation. We incorporated basic knowledge of species ecology into population simulations to compare statistical power and trend estimation error under alternative scenarios. Sampling effort needed to achieve adequate power to observe a long-term population trend (≥ 80% chance to observe a 2% yearly decline over 20 years) consisted of annually monitoring ≥ 120 transects using the single-survey approach or ≥ 90 transects using a repeat-survey approach. The single-survey approach, which employs occupancy as an index of abundance and requires auxiliary information to account for detectability, provided more power for a given level of sampling effort than repeat-survey approaches. Alternate allocation schemes improved statistical power and trend estimates over the baseline (surveying 10 points within all transects annually), including surveying a subset (33%) of transects each year (i.e., a panel design) and surveying fewer points per transect in exchange for a larger spatial sample. Considering this case study, single-survey methods (with separate evaluation of detectability), panel designs, and aligning sampling resolution with home range size could likely benefit broad-scale occupancy-based monitoring of other sparsely distributed and mobile species.
Moving into View: Enacting Virtual Reality

How do we perceive virtual reality? This simple question takes the reader on a journey into the physiology of perception, following cybernetic models that regard spatial perception as an activity that presupposes bodily motion. In this discussion, head-mounted displays (HMDs) are reconstructed not only as visual but also as relational devices, closer to cybernetic augmentation of the human body than to pictorial traditions. The condition of possibility of virtual reality, as embodied by HMDs, is reconstructed as the circular coupling of machine response to human action and perception, in contrast to perception of space through the eyes.
Surges and reversals in capital flows

Abstract We examine the drivers of large cross-border capital flows in emerging and frontier market economies by adopting a new approach that characterizes capital flows into three categories: surges, normal flows, and reversals. Our results show that distinguishing between the different states of flows is important, and that global and domestic factors do not affect surge and reversal likelihood symmetrically. We also find that there are some differences in the factors associated with surges and reversals in emerging and frontier market economies.
Introduction: South Asia from Postcolonial to World Anglophone

In 2016, a few months before completing my doctoral dissertation on the rhetoric of New India, I discovered I was a “global Anglophonist”. I use the word “discovered” because I had applied for acad...
VARIATION IN CAPACITY OF IPS CONFUSUS TO REACH ATTRACTIVE HOSTS

ABSTRACT Some assumptions underlying a described performance test to measure the capacity of Ips confusus adults to reach attractive hosts are experimentally examined. Results from laboratory and field tests indicate that too little is known about host-finding behavior patterns to permit test results to be a clear measure of host-finding capacity.
Remarks on What We Have Learned

In the decade and a half which separates the first Erice mathematical physics school on Constructive Quantum Field Theory (1973) [1] from our present enterprise, there has been striking progress in quantum field theory. The following remarks are intended as a contribution to a general perspective on what we have learned. They may thereby serve as a prelude to the following lectures on new and current developments. For this purpose, I think it is instructive to trace the development of a particular theme from its origin in the study of the perturbation series for Green’s functions in the 1950’s to the recent non-perturbative treatment of the Gross-Neveu model. The theme may be vaguely expressed as the idea that fermions are better behaved than bosons.
Large Scale Purification of a Human Hepatoma Derived Endothelial Cell Growth Factor

A human hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was purified to homogeneity on a large scale by a combination of Biorex-70 cation exchange chromatography and heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. HDGF is a cationic 18,500 molecular weight polypeptide, and is active at about 1 ng/ml in promoting cell proliferation.
RedSoar--a system for red blood cell antibody identification.

The primary goal of our research is to build an intelligent tutoring system for red blood cell antibody identification. In this paper, we describe the basis for a tutoring system--an expert system called RedSoar. RedSoar is built from two task-specific architectures that were designed for building flexible systems (i.e. systems that can use a variety of problem-solving strategies, and to which knowledge can easily-be added). RedSoar solves the antibody identification task correctly 81% of the time and new knowledge can be added in a straightforward manner. The system is capable of exhibiting human-like behavior which we believe is a necessary condition for building a successful tutoring system.
Sebastian Moore, Redemptive Transformation, and the Law of the Cross:

This article probes the relationship between Sebastian Moore’s psychologically informed soteriology and Bernard Lonergan’s proposal that the Law of the Cross articulates the essence of redemption.
Keeping Classic Ethnographic Traditions Alive in the Modern-Day Academy

Classic ethnographies such as Tally’s Corner (1967), All Our Kin (1975), and Code of the Street (1999) were years in the making. In the past, ethnographers were encouraged to dedicate substantial time in the field gathering rich data through observation and interviewing, establishing long-term relationships, and developing verstehen, or a deep understanding of the meaning of social situations from the perspective of participants. The modern academy, however, has ramped up expectations for publishing and sped up production of scholarly work, leaving ethnographers to wonder if these classic traditions may be abandoned. This paper discusses (1) what ethnographic traditions must be kept alive and (2) how to honor ethnography’s unique qualities and strengths while meeting the demands of today’s academic reward structure. I will discuss strategies for maximizing the data that can be drawn from field research, constructing a research pipeline that includes ethnographic work, and crafting ethnographic products that can be published in a variety of scholarly outlets.
Data Agile Underwater Optical Communication Link using Flexible Data Formats and Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing

This work presents a high-speed, direct modulation underwater optical communication link using mixed data rates combined with Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) multiplexing techniques. Using independent signals to drive each laser diode, from Mbits to Gbits, a data agile link with flexible data formats through a turbid optical path is presented.
Temporality and Non-temporality in Li Tongxuan’s Huayan Buddhism

This chapter discusses the Huayan Buddhism of Li Tongxuan. At the core of his Buddhism is the claim that sentient beings are equipped with exactly the same qualities as the Buddha. In his analysis of the 80-fascicle version of the Huayan Jing, Li claims that Huayan teaching is a subitist teaching that proposes the awakening in this lifetime. In this context, unlike “orthodox” Huayan thinkers, Li claims that the chapter “Entering the Realm of Reality” is the core of the Huayan Jing and that Sudhana’s pilgrimage in this chapter demonstrates the importance of practice as opposed to theorization.
Brain Tumor Microenvironment and Host State: Implications for Immunotherapy

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor with poor responses to immunotherapies that have been successful in more immunogenic cancers with less immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). The GBM TME is uniquely challenging to treat due to tumor cell-extrinsic components that are native to the brain, as well as tumor-intrinsic mechanisms that aid in immune evasion. Lowering the barrier of immunosuppression by targeting the genetically stable tumor stroma presents opportunities to treat the tumor in a way that circumvents the complications of targeting a constantly mutating tumor with tumor antigen-directed therapies. Tumor-associated monocytes, macrophages, and microglia are a stromal element of particular interest. Macrophages and monocytes compose the bulk of infiltrating immune cells and are considered to have protumor and immunosuppressive effects. Targeting these cells or other stromal elements is expected to convert what is considered the "cold" TME of GBM to a more "hot" TME phenotype. This conversion could increase the effectiveness of what have become conventional frontline immunotherapies in GBM-creating opportunities for better treatment through combination therapy.
Negative Objectives: The Right-Wing Media Circle and Everyone Else

The argument that the media are liberally biased opened the door for a conservative alternative. There have always been influential conservative political media outlets, but today, there is something different. The right-wing media circle is a small, tightly enclosed, self-reinforcing set of outlets that stick to a coherent narrative while they cast aspersions at those outside their sphere. Media organizations inside this circle do not compete with one another, but instead have a negative objective which is to provide an alternative account of the news. The right-wing media circle outlets are not pro-conservative but anti-liberal, and within this structure, their audience chooses to consume information that is sometimes short on fact but long on anger. Dagnes explains those inside the right-wing media circle, describes how this system operates, and explores the ramifications of having such an internally coherent, insulated information system.
Level of agreement on health information technology adoption and use in survey data: a mixed-methods analysis of ambulatory clinics in 1 US state.

Objective Adoption of health information technology (HIT) is often assessed in surveys of organizations. The validity of data from such surveys for ambulatory clinics has not been evaluated. We compared level of agreement between 1 ambulatory statewide survey and 2 other data sources: a second survey and interviews with survey respondents. Materials and methods We used 2016 data from 2 surveys of ambulatory providers in Minnesota-the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) survey and the Minnesota HIT Ambulatory Clinic Survey-and primary data collected through qualitative interviews with survey respondents. We conducted a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods assessment of the Minnesota HIT survey by assessing level of agreement between it and HIMSS, and a thematic analysis of interview data to assess the respondent's understanding of what was being asked and their approach to responding. Results We find high agreement between the 2 surveys on questions related to common HIT functionalities-such as computerized provider order entry, medication-based decision support, and e-prescribing-which were widely adopted by respondents' organizations. Qualitative data suggest respondents found wording of items about these functionalities clear but encountered multiple challenges including interpreting items for less commonly adopted functionalities, estimating degree of HIT usage, and indicating relevant barriers. Respondents identified multiple errors in responses and likely reported greater within-group homogeneity than actually existed. Conclusions Survey items related to the presence or absence of widely adopted HIT functionalities may be more valid than items about less common functionalities, degree of usage, and barriers.
Evaluating the Contribution of Executive Functions to Language Tasks in Cognitively Demanding Contexts.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which the executive functions of attention switching and inhibition predicted performance on language subtests from the Temple Asses...
Novel Keratoconus Detection Method Using Smartphone

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal disease which may cause blindness if it is not detected in the early stage. In this paper, we propose a portable, low-cost, and robust keratoconus detection method which is based on smartphone camera images. A gadget has been designed and manufactured using 3-D printing to supplement keratoconus detection. A smartphone camera with the gadget provides more accurate and robust keratoconus detection performance. We adopted the Prewitt operator for edge detection and the support vector machine (SVM) to classify keratoconus eyes from healthy eyes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect mild, moderate, advanced, and severe stages of keratoconus with 89% accuracy on average.
Chapter 15 – Redecision Therapy*

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of redecision therapy. Redecision therapy is an approach to group psychotherapy developed by Robert and Mary Goulding (1979), based on their creative efforts in combining Transactional Analysis (TA) and the Gestalt therapy with a wealth of clinical experience. The redecision approach to treatment is more than a combination of the two modalities. It is a uniquely powerful approach to group psychotherapy that combines the cognitive clarity of TA with the affective engagement of the Gestalt therapy. Many members of the American Group Psychotherapy Association have learned redecision therapy through the active involvement of Robert and Mary Goulding in the association's workshops as well as institutes. Making a comparison of redecision therapy and other group therapies is difficult. Redecision therapy follows the TA tradition, and therapists pay close attention to words and what they mean. There are many conceptual and philosophical disparities between redecision therapy and other group therapies. Therefore, a brief explanation of the theory and techniques are provided in this chapter.
Game changer: accessible audio and tactile guidance for board and card games

While board games are a popular social activity, their reliance on visual information can create accessibility problems for blind and visually impaired players. Because some players cannot easily read cards or locate pieces, they may be at a disadvantage or may be unable to play a game without sighted help. We present Game Changer, an augmented workspace that provides both audio descriptions and tactile additions to make the state of the board game accessible to blind and visually impaired players. In this paper, we describe the design of Game Changer and present findings from a user study in which seven blind participants used Game Changer to play against a sighted partner. Most players stated the game was more accessible with the additions from Game Changer and felt that Game Changer could be used to augment other games.
PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE AND VISION: Findings from an International Survey of Exposed Individuals.

PURPOSE To investigate patient-reported visual function among individuals taking pentosan polysulfate (PPS) for interstitial cystitis. METHODS A 27-item online survey was distributed to an international mailing list of individuals with interstitial cystitis in November 2018. Demographic characteristics, PPS exposure history, subjective visual function, and previous macular diagnoses were queried. The impact of PPS use, grouped by tertile of cumulative exposure, on visual function and macular diagnoses was assessed with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The survey was completed by 912 respondents. Eight hundred and sixty-one (96.4%) were women, and the median age was 55 [interquartile range (IQR), 45-64 years]. Among PPS users, the median exposure was 547.5 g (IQR, 219-1,314 g). Respondents in the highest PPS exposure tertile were more likely to report difficulty with reading small print [adjusted odds ratio 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-4.57] and to have a diagnosis of macular degeneration and/or pigmentary maculopathy (adjusted odds ratio 2.41, 95% CI 1.44-4.03) than unexposed respondents. CONCLUSION In this large sample of individuals with interstitial cystitis, those in the highest PPS exposure category were more likely to have difficulties reading small print and to report a previous diagnosis of macular disease. Further study of objective measures of visual function in PPS users is warranted.
Using Multimedia for Instructor Presence in Purposeful Pedagogy-Driven Online Technical Writing Courses:

Teaching and composing with multimedia humanizes online technical writing and communication classes. However, students do not always see the connection between multimedia instructional materials, m...
Efficacy of nonfumigant nematicides against Meloidogyne javanica as affected by soil temperature under pasteurized and natural soil conditions.

BACKGROUND Biotic and abiotic factors such as microbes and soil temperature can affect nematicide efficacy. Two experiments were conducted to test the effect of three soil temperatures on the efficacy of nonfumigant nematicides (fluopyram, fluensulfone, oxamyl and fluazaindolizine) against Meloidogyne javanica in pasteurized and natural soil in planta. RESULTS The results showed that all tested nematicides were more efficacious in pasteurized than in natural soil. Temperature affected the nematicides differently with no effect of soil temperature on oxamyl and fluazaindolizine, whereas fluopyram and fluensulfone had greater efficacy at higher soil temperatures. CONCLUSION Temperature effects were noted for some but not all nonfumigant nematicides. Fluopyram and fluensulfone were less effective when applied in cold soil, whereas oxamyl and fluazaindolizine were not affected by soil temperature. Although all nematicides resulted in almost complete control of M. javanica in pasteurized soil, this was not the case in natural soil, and much more root damage and nematode reproduction was noted in the latter. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Generalized high order interpolatory 1-form bases for computational electromagnetics

The explicit formulae for arbitrary order 1-form interpolatory bases developed by Graglia, Wilton and Peterson (1997) are based upon Silvester-Lagrange polynomials. It is well known that these polynomials have the potential to exhibit erratic behavior as the order p increases due to their rapidly increasing Lebesgue constants. In this paper we present computed Lebesgue constants for these 1-form bases and for new bases that utilize interpolation points based on the zeros of Chebyshev polynomials. These new bases have significantly smaller Lebesgue constants (near optimal), and we show by example that this directly affects the interpolation error. We show that for large p, the interpolation error for non-uniform bases can be orders of magnitude smaller than that of uniform bases. The procedure presented here is generic in the sense that any interpolatory polynomial can be used. This generality is achieved by constructing the 1-form basis function on a reference element and transforming to the actual element using appropriate transformation rules. The appropriate transformation rules are conceived by identifying the interpolation vectors as tangent vectors, the basis functions as 1-forms and the curl of the basis functions as 2-forms.
Lysis of virus-infected target cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Abstract The effect of various physical and chemical parameters on the cytotoxic reaction was studied in a 51 Cr-release assay in order to analyze the mechanism by which human blood mononuclear cells (MC) damage antibody-sensitized target cells infected with herpes simplex virus. Centrifugation of the target cell-MC mixture consistently increased the velocity of the reaction. In addition, uncentrifuged target cell-MC cultures showed a sigmoidal kinetic curve of 51 Cr release with an initial lag phase of at least 10 min, whereas 51 Cr release in centrifuged cultures followed a linear pattern with time without an initial lag. These findings indicate that direct contact between target and effector cells is necessary for cytotoxicity to occur. The reaction as a whole was temperature dependent, proceeding well at 37 °C and not at all at 4 °C. Incubation of the MC at 46 °C for 10 min abolished their cytotoxic potential without affecting their viability; similar heating of the target cells did not affect their background isotope release or sensitivity to the lytic process. Heating target cell-MC mixtures at 46 °C for 10 min thus provided a tool by which the temporal relationship between the mounting of “lethal hits” and specific isotope release, or cell lysis, could be studied. Using this technique, we observed virtually simultaneous occurrence of lethal hits and cell lysis, measured at various intervals between 10 and 360 min postincubation. Likewise, we were unable to demonstrate a transient period of increased osmotic fragility in target cells after contact with MC but before actual cell lysis. Taken together, these findings imply either that cell lysis, as indicated by 51 Cr release, results from a sudden nonosmotic injury to the target cell membrane or, alternatively, osmotic damage leading to 51 Cr release occurs too rapidly to be detected by the methods employed in this study. These findings imply either a qualitative or a quantitative difference between antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by K cells and cytotoxicity mediated by sensitized T cells. The cytotoxic reaction was completely inhibited by 10 m M EDTA and did not occur in a Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ -free medium. Neither Ca 2+ nor Mg 2+ alone produced as much cytotoxicity as the two cations in tandem; in addition, when added to the culture medium in suboptimal amounts, the two cations were either additive or synergistic. These observations suggest that both cations are necessary in ADCC and also that there may be separate Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ -dependent events in the lytic pathway.
Challenges Arising from Applications of Agent-Based System

This paper, based on an Application Panel presentation, briefly introduces and discusses several agent-based applications, currently being investigated at Goddard, and then identifies some issues that have formal methods implications.
Effects of coronary perfusion pressure on myocardial performance during endotoxin shock.

Abstract : The cardiopulmonary bypass preparation was utilized in dogs to evaluate the effect of coronary perfusion on myocardial performance in endotoxin shock. Isometric cardiac performance measured by intra-ventricular balloon distention revealed consistently better length-tension curves and pressure work in shocked dogs with high coronary perfusion than in dogs with low coronary perfusion. Results support the view that adequate coronary perfusion may be the most essential determinant of preservation of myocardial function in endotoxin shock and confirm the absence of a circulating myocardial depressant factor. (Author)
A fourth order tunable capacitor coupled microstrip resonator band pass filter

This paper presents a simple and efficient tunable microstrip band pass filter based on the reflected group delay method. The effect of varactor location on the filter performance is investigated in details to guide the filter design. The measured results are consistent with both analytical and simulation results.
Dynamic Buckling of Cylindrical Shell

The nonlinear, damped dynamic response of a simply supported, nearly circular cylindrical shell due to an exponentially decaying, uniform radial pressure is computed for peak pressures and total impulses between the static and dynamic buckling limits. The analysis employs Fourier series expansions of the dependent variables in the circumferential coordinate, finite difference approximations of the axial derivatives, and Newmark's beta-method for the time integration. All nonlinear coupling between the retained modes is included. The inclusion of damping reduces the maximum amplitudes of the dominant modes by approximately 30%, but stresses larger than the yield stress can occur at peak pressures and total impulses well below the dynamic buckling limit. The amplitudes of the static buckling modes are found to be linearly proportional to the magnitude of the initial imperfections, but the parametrically excited modes are unaffected by the initial imperfections.
Use of nursing resources and comfort of cancer patients with and without do-not-resuscitate orders in the intensive care unit.

Background Little is known about the level of comfort experienced by cancer patients with do-not-resuscitate orders and how use of nursing resources affects their comfort. Objective To explore the relationship between use of nursing resources and comfort in cancer patients with and without do-not-resuscitate orders in the intensive care unit. Methods The sample consisted of 30 adult patients who had do-not-resuscitate orders and 30 randomly selected patients who did not. Pairs consisting of 1 patient from each group were admitted to the study simultaneously and were evaluated during the same observation period. Level of comfort was assessed by using the PACU Behavioral Pain Rating Scale. Data on use of nursing resources, determined with the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, and on demographics and severity of illness were abstracted from the medical records. Results Chi-square analyses revealed no significant relationship between comfort and use of nursing resources. Differences between the 2 types of patients in comfort and in use of resources were not significant. Evaluation of the multivariate relationship between comfort and use of resources, with do-not-resuscitate status added as a further predictor variable, revealed no significant relationships. Severity of illness and a patient's number of visitors were predictors of use of nursing resources. Conclusions Despite high use of nursing resources, nurses continue to focus on comfort as an outcome of care irrespective of patients' do-not-resuscitate status.
Aggressive angiomyxoma with gastrointestinal communication: A case report

We report the imaging findings of an abdominal aggressive angiomyxoma, which communicated with the gastrointestinal tract. The literature on this rare tumor is reviewed.
FOXO1-dependent up-regulation of MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) mediates glucocorticoid-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice

Long-term treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) or dysregulation of endogenous GC levels induces a series of metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. We previously showed that MAP kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) plays an important role in glucose metabolism. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of MKP-3 in GC-induced metabolic disorders. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic GC, increases MKP-3 protein expression both in cultured hepatoma cells and in the liver of lean mice. This effect is likely mediated by forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) because disruption of endogenous FOXO1 function by either interfering RNA mediated FOXO1 knockdown or overexpression of a dominant negative FOXO1 mutant blocks Dex-induced upregulation of MKP-3 protein. In addition, overexpression of FOXO1 is sufficient to induce MKP-3 protein expression. MKP-3 deficient mice are protected from several side effects of chronic Dex exposure, such as body weight gain, adipose tissue enlargement, hepatic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance. The beneficial phenotypes in mice lacking MKP-3 are largely attributed to the absence of MKP-3 in the liver since only hepatic insulin signaling has been preserved among the three insulin target tissues (liver, muscle and adipose tissue).
Cognitive and interpersonal identity processes related to mid-life gender transitioning in transgender women

This research explored identity processes related to mid-life gender transitioning in 13 trans women (assigned male at birth), ages 44–67 years, who lived in the Midwestern United States. Participants completed a semi-structured qualitative interview with questions about transgender identity development and experiences of gender transitioning. Interview transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Themes representing cognitive and interpersonal processes differed in salience throughout the gender transitioning process: cognitive processes were more salient earlier and later in the transition, whereas interpersonal experiences were more salient in the middle of transitioning. Results from this study can inform counseling practice by improving cultural competency in counselors through increasing knowledge about how trans women form their gender identities and experience gender transitioning.
Temperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients, creative controls, and healthy controls.

Abstract Objective: Understanding of mood disorders can be enhanced through assessment of temperamental traits. We explored temperamental commonalities and differences among euthymic bipolar (BP) and unipolar (MDD) mood disorder patients, creative discipline graduate student controls (CC), and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Forty-nine BP, 25 MDD, 32 CC, and 47 HC completed self-report temperament/personality measures including: The Affective Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A); the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R); and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: Euthymic BP, MDD, and CC, compared to HC, had significantly increased cyclothymia, dysthymia and irritability scores on TEMPS-A; increased neuroticism and decreased conscientiousness on NEO-PI-R; and increased harm avoidance and novelty seeking as well as decreased self-directedness on TCI. TEMPS-A cyclothymia scores were significantly higher in BP than in MDD. NEO-PI-R openness was increased in BP and CC, compared to HC, and in CC compared to MDD. TCI self-transcendence scores in BP were significantly higher than in MDD, CC, and HC. Limitations: Most of the subjects were not professional artists, and represented many fields; temperament might be different in different art fields. Conclusions: Euthymic BP, MDD, and CC compared to HC, had prominent temperamental commonalities. However, BP and CC had the additional commonality of increased openness compared to HC. BP had particularly high Cyclothymia scores that were significantly higher then those of MDD. The prominent BP–CC overlap suggests underlying neurobiological commonalities between people with mood disorders and individuals involved in creative disciplines, consistent with the notion of a temperamental contribution to enhanced creativity in individuals with bipolar disorders.
Dielectrophoretic mobility determination in DC insulator-based dielectrophoresis

Insulator based dielectrophoresis is powerful tool for separating and charactering particles, yet it is limited by a lack of quantitative characterizations. Here this limitation is addressed by employing a method capable of quantifying the dielectrophoretic mobility of particles. Using streak-based velocimetry the particle properties are deduced from their motion in a microfluidic channel with a constant electric field gradient. From this approach the dielectrophoretic mobility of 1 μm polystyrene particles was found to be −2 ± 0.4 × 10 −8 cm 4 /(V 2 ·s). In the future, such quantitative treatment will allow for the elucidation of unique insights and rational design of devices.
MISUSE AND USE OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AS A WELFARE INDICATOR: SELECTED ANALYTICAL AND MEASUREMENT ISSUES

Few economic relationships have been as scrutinized as that between SNA measures of national product, investment and consumption, and welfare. The present paper contrasts SNA economic production and welfare to total production and welfare within the Walrasian framework of usefulness and costliness. An evaluation of deductions and additions to the SNA made by Nordhaus-Tobin, Zolotas, Richard and Nancy Ruggles, Kendrick, Eisner and Jorgenson-Fraumeni, in their research on extended product and income accounts and improved indicators of welfare reveals numerous unresolved analytical and measurement issues; and reaffirms the usefulness of the SNA as a fundamental, initial, welfare indicator.
Imperfect recognizability and coexistence of money and higher-return assets

Existing solutions to the problem of coexistence of money and higher-return substitutes that rely on imperfect recognizability of the substitutes adopt extreme assumptions: they either have a zero cost of counterfeiting the substitutes or omit plausible refinements that would rule out pooling equilibria. Here coexistence is obtained with a general distribution of positive counterfeiting costs within a signaling-game framework in which the intuitive criterion is invoked. Moreover, if the cost of counterfeiting is small, then any monetary equilibrium that satisfies the intuitive criterion necessarily exhibits coexistence. A continuity assumption on off-equilibrium beliefs is also considered. It is satisfied by equilibria with small use of substitutes, but not by cash-in-advance equilibria.
Reticuloendothelial and mesangial function in murine immune complex glomerulonephritis

Reticuloendothelial and mesangial function in murine immune complex glomerulonephritis. The function of the mesangial and reticuloendothelial system was evaluated in normal mice and in mice with nephritis induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus infection. Heat-aggregated human immunoglobulin (AIgG) and colloidal carbon served as traceable materials which could be detected in animals' blood and tissues. LCM virus-infected proteinuric (LCM-P) mice, as compared to normal mice or LCM-infected nonproteinuric (LCM) mice, had greater accumulation of AIgG in their glomeruli at all times of examination following i.p. injection of AIgG. The removal rate of AIgG from the kidney, however, was the same in normal and LCM-P mice, indicating an unimpaired mesangial clearing system. This suggested that other mechanisms were responsible for the increased glomerular accumulation of AIgG in LCM-P mice. Reticuloendothelial function was examined directly by i.v. injection of AIgG or colloidal carbon. The data demonstrate that in this model of immune complex glomerulonephritis, colloidal material tested was removed from the blood at a slower rate than it was in normal mice. Deficient clearance of endogenous blood-borne immune complex-like material may be one of the factors playing a role in the accumulation of immune complex-like material in the glomeruli of these nephritic animals. Fonction reticuloendotheliale et mesangiale dans la glomerulonephrite murine des complexes immuns. La fonction mesangiale et reticuloendotheliale a ete evaluee chez la souris normale et la souris atteinte de nephrite induite par l'infection au moyen du virus de la choriomeningite lymphocytaire. L'immunoglobuline humaine agregee par la chaleur (AIgG) et le carbone colloidal ont ete utilises comme materiaux traceurs qui peuvent etre detectes dans le sang et les tissus des animaux. Les souris proteinuriques infectees (LCM-P) par le virus LCM ont, par comparaison avec les souris normales ou les souris infectees non proteinuriques, une plus grande accumulation d'AIgG dans leurs glomerules a tous les delais d'examen apres l'injection i.p. d'AIgG. Cependant la vitesse de disparition de l'AIgG du rein est la meme chez les souris normales et LCM-P, ce qui indique un systeme mesangial non altere. Cela suggere que d'autres mecanismes sont responsables de l'augmentation de l'accumulation glomerulaire d'AIgG chez les souris LCM-P. La fonction reticuloendotheliale a ete etudiee directement par l'injection i.v. d'AIgG ou de carbone colloidal. Les resultats montrent que dans ce modele de glomerulonephrite des complexes immuns l'agent etudie a ete soustrait du sang a une vitesse moindre que la normale. Une clearance deficitaire du materiel semblable a du complexe immun endogene peut etre l'un des facteurs qui participent a l'accumulation de material semblable a du complexe immun dans les glomerules de ces animaux nephritiques.
Premixed calcium phosphate cements: Synthesis, physical properties, and cell cytotoxicity

Objectives Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material for dental, periodontal, and craniofacial repairs. However, its use requires on-site powder–liquid mixing that increases the surgical placement time and raises concerns of insufficient and inhomogeneous mixing. The objective of this study was to determine a formulation of premixed CPC (PCPC) with rapid setting, high strength, and good in vitro cell viability.
The Evolution of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning within a Portion of the 10 11 June 1985 Squall Line

The character of cloud-to-ground lightning is examined during the life cycle of a distinct mesoscale segment of the 10-11 June 1985 mesoscale convective system (MCS). Three phases of lightning activity are identified and related to both the radar-observed structure of the convection and to the severe weather produced by the MCS. Positive strikes to ground are dominant when the MCS is first developing. Negative strikes then dominate during a period of intense leading-line convective activity with high storm tops. Finally, a period of relatively frequent positive strikes within the trailing stratiform region occurs during the demise of the MCS. This last phase begins after the vertical extent of the leading convective line decreases rapidly and markedly, with moderate intensity echoes (i.e., 30-40 dBZ) occurring mostly below the freezing level. The first period of frequent positive flashes results from the lightning associated with a single severe thunderstorm in southwest Kansas; however, a second severe storm occurs nearby and produces mainly negative strikes. An extended period of strong surface winds does not appear to have any direct relationship with the observed character of the lightning activity.
Sand sheets show chevrons

In Saharan Africa, sand sheets stretch in virtually flat expanses for hundreds of kilometers. The sheets have been considered devoid not only of life but of regional landforms that might provide insight into the wind-driven processes of erosion and transport by which deserts sustain themselves and grow. Now a fresh, computer-enhanced look at satellite images of sand sheets in Egypt and Sudan by Ted Maxwell of the Smithsonian Institution's Center for Earth and Planetary Studies (Washington, D.C,) and C. Vance Haynes of the University of Arizona (Tucson) has led to the discovery of huge, flat sand dunes.
Inflammation inhibits muscarinic signaling in in vivo canine colonic circular smooth muscle cells.

We investigated the effects of experimental colitis on the muscarinic signaling properties and contractile behavior of canine colonic circular smooth muscle. The hypotheses that inflammation 1) inhibits in vivo muscarinic receptor mediated contractions, and 2) alters receptor density or receptor-binding affinities were tested. Muscarine was infused close-intra-arterially in seven conscious dogs during normal and experimental colitis states. Colonic circular muscle contractions were recorded via surgically attached strain gauge transducers. Muscarine stimulated phasic contractions in a dose-dependent manner, whereas colitis was inhibited. The inhibitory concentration 50% dose of M3 receptor inhibitor was several times lower than that of M1, M2, and M4 inhibitors during normal and colitis. However, inflammation induced a significant leftward shift in the circular muscle inhibitory dose-response curve of M2 inhibitor. Muscarinic receptor density and binding analyses in isolated circular muscle cells was done in normal and colitis states. Inflammation significantly decreased maximum binding from 4082 fmol/mg to 2708 fmol/mg, whereas affinity constant remained unaffected. The conclusions were that 1) spontaneous and muscarine-activated in vivo phasic contractile activity of colonic circular muscle cells is primarily mediated by M3 receptors; 2) inflammation was associated with a shift in M2 receptor potency, due chiefly to a decrease in receptor density; and 3) this inhibitory effect was seen in normal and inflamed states, suggesting the importance of M2 receptor. These findings suggest that changes in muscarinic response during colitis may contribute to the abnormal motility seen with inflammatory bowel disease.
Learning to Reinforce Search Effectiveness

Session search is an Information Retrieval (IR) task which handles a series of queries issued for a search task. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning style information retrieval framework and develop a new feedback learning algorithm to model user feedback, including clicks and query reformulations, as reinforcement signals and to generate rewards in the RL framework. From a new perspective, we view session search as a cooperative game played between two agents, the user and the search engine. We study the communications between the two agents; they always exchange opinions on "whether the current stage of search is relevant" and "whether we should explore now." The algorithm infers user feedback models by an EM algorithm from the query logs. We compare to several state-of-the-art session search algorithms and evaluate our algorithm on the most recent TREC 2012 to 2014 Session Tracks. The experimental results demonstrates that our approach is highly effective for improving session search accuracy.
Auto-converging stereo cameras for 3D robotic tele-operation

Polaris Sensor Technologies has developed a Stereovision Upgrade Kit for TALON robot to provide enhanced depth perception to the operator. This kit previously required the TALON Operator Control Unit to be equipped with the optional touchscreen interface to allow for operator control of the camera convergence angle adjustment. This adjustment allowed for optimal camera convergence independent of the distance from the camera to the object being viewed. Polaris has recently improved the performance of the stereo camera by implementing an Automatic Convergence algorithm in a field programmable gate array in the camera assembly. This algorithm uses scene content to automatically adjust the camera convergence angle, freeing the operator to focus on the task rather than adjustment of the vision system. The autoconvergence capability has been demonstrated on both visible zoom cameras and longwave infrared microbolometer stereo pairs.
Pollution prevention for production systems of energetic materials

The Batch Design-Kit (BDK) environment is a software system for the development of batch manufacturing processes. Given a set of reaction pathways, BDK enables chemists and chemical engineers to investigate possible production routes, refine promising candidates and develop a detailed chemical recipe in an interactive manner. Automatic facility allocation of equipment for these conceptual recipes help determine the feasibility and efficiency of the processing idea at existing manufacturing sites. Material assessment reveals the environmental impact caused by the utilized chemical compounds and process mixtures. Automatic waste treatment synthesis generates efficient treatment strategies for all process wastes and calculates the residuals emitted to the environment. With process analysis based on the facility allocation, material assessment and treatment selection, alternative processing schemes can be ranked and potential problems, such as examination of equipment costs, regulatory compliance and expenditures for waste treatment, can be identified at an early stage of the process development. Through its material-centered design concept, BDK maintains a cause-effect relationship between process mixtures, operations and their economic and environmental performance. In that way, process improvement can be focused specifically on the replacement of offending chemicals and/or the improvement or modification of problematic operations or operation sequences.
Experimental study of interference drag for multi-element objects

Abstract The dynamic force in the direction of the upstream velocity developed on a blunt-body confined in a fluid stream is known as the drag. It has been observed that for multi-element objects the resultant drag can be greater than the sum of the drag forces of each of its elements depending on the geometry at the joints. The flow pattern there is a complex boundary layer that is generated by the mixing of the individual boundary layers over each of the elements. The ensuing diversion of the streamlines from their normal paths over the contour of these elements and the mixing of the boundary layers result in additional resistance, which is known as interference drag. This paper describes the results of an experimental investigation of interference drag for three simple two-element prismatic shapes, the L, the T, and the skewed T whose parts are joined at angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°.
Heterogeneity of intimal and microvessel endothelial cell barriers in vitro.

Abstract We have compared the barriers provided by bovine aortic endothelial cells (AEC), cerebral microvessel endothelial cells (CMEC), and pulmonary microvessel endothelial cells (PMEC) cultured on microcarriers to the passage of trypan blue-bovine serum albumin (TB-BSA). AEC and PMEC barriers were quantitatively comparable, and significantly more permeable to TB-BSA than the CMEC barrier. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine, shown to modulate the AEC barrier, had no effect on the CMEC barrier to TB-BSA. These results suggest that cultured endothelial cells (EC) retain region-specific phenotypic modifications of barrier function observed in vivo. Glutaraldehyde-fixed EC and EC kept at 4°C to minimize transcytosis displayed TB-BSA passage that was reduced by less than 30%, which indicated that the bulk of tracer movement occurred via diffusion between EC. Treatment with cytochalasin B (5 μg/ml) resulted in significant AEC and CMEC barrier loss. These results suggest that microfilament bundles are involved in maintaining EC close junctional apposition. We have reported previously that exogenous serotonin and norepinephrine stimulate the EC barrier function in vivo and in vitro, and modulate EC motility, shape, and stress fiber assembly in vitro. In light of these data and the present results, we hypothesize that EC motility and shape change determine in part intercellular macromolecular diffusion by way of a dynamic system of pores of varying radii.
Dense-Gas Formulation of Self-Diffusion of Liquid Metals

An accurate theory for the self-diffusion coefficient of liquid metals is developed in terms of the Van der Waals concept of a dense fluid. Making use of the Enskog hard-sphere formulation we obtain the following results: 1) a relationship for the coefficient of self-diffusion which accurately gives both the magnitude and temperature dependence over the entire liquid range at atmospheric pressure; 2) a relation between the melting point and the coefficient of self-diffusion which is the freezing counterpart of the Lindemann law of melting.