cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Environment of Overwintering Ornate Box Turtles, Terrapene ornata ornata, in Iowa

Abstract The carapace temperatures of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) were monitored by affixing temperature dataloggers during two winters, 2001–2002 and 2003–2004. The dataloggers recorded temperature every 3 h to the nearest 0.5 C. Date of burrowing in the fall, emergence time in the spring and temperatures 48 h prior to emergence were analyzed along with the entire temperature profile of the turtles during the winter. In 2003–2004 soil temperatures from the surface to 0.75 m depth were also monitored. Most turtles did not experience freezing temperatures during either winter, but two turtles were below freezing for up to 54 consecutive days during winter 2001–2002. During 2001–2002, eight of nine turtles began burrowing within 7 d of each other in the fall, and all nine emerged within 7 d of each other in the spring. During 2003–2004, fall burrowing for 16 turtles occurred within 14–21 d, and emergence happened within 15 d. Overwintering periods varied between 172–201 d, which was interme...
CommonLoops: merging Lisp and object-oriented programming

CommonLoops blends object-oriented programming smoothly and tightly with the procedure-oriented design of Lisp. Functions and methods are combined in a more general abstraction. Message passing is invoked via normal Lisp function call. Methods are viewed as partial descriptions of procedures. Lisp data types are integrated with object classes. With these integrations, it is easy to incrementally move a program between the procedure and object-oriented styles.One of the most important properties of CommonLoops is its extensive use of meta-objects. We discuss three kinds of meta-objects: objects for classes, objects for methods, and objects for discriminators. We argue that these meta-objects make practical both efficient implementation and experimentation with new ideas for object-oriented programming.CommonLoops' small kernel is powerful enough to implement the major object-oriented systems in use today.
Sensor data simulations using Monte-Carlo and neural network methods

Parametric and non-parametric Monte-Carlo methods and a neural network method are used for data simulation. A Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper dataset and its ground truth are utilized for training and testing. The abilities and deficiencies of the three methods are compared. It is shown that the neural network method provides an attractive alternative for data simulation.
Water Binding Capacity of 22 L‐Amino Acids from Water Activity 0.33 to 0.95

The water sorption isotherms of 22 L-amino acids were determined from a water activity of 0.331–0.946. In addition, water sorption isotherms of monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, monosodium aspartate, monopotassium aspartate, and hemimagnesium aspartate were determined over the same aw ranges. Proline and γ-aminobutyric acid had a greater capacity to bind water than the other free amino acids examined. The water binding capacity of glutamate and aspartate as the monosodium, monopotassium or the hemimagnesium salts was greatly enhanced. These data may be useful in screening amino acids as potential humectants and in understanding the mechanism by which bacteria cope with reduced
Characterization of an Unusual Cold-Active β-Glucosidase Belonging to Family 3 of the Glycoside Hydrolases from the Psychrophilic Isolate Paenibacillus sp. Strain C7

We selected for spore-forming psychrophilic bacteria able to use lactose as a carbon source and one isolate, designated Paenibacillus sp. strain C7, that was phylogenetically related to, but distinct from both Paenibacillus macquariensis and Paenibacillus antarcticus. Some Escherichia coli transformants obtained with genomic DNA from this isolate hydrolyzed X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) only below 30 degrees C, an indication of cold-active beta-galactosidase activity. Sequencing of the cloned insert revealed an open reading frame encoding a 756-amino acid protein that, rather than belonging to a family typically known for beta-galactosidase activity, belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 3, a family of beta-glucosidases. Because of this unusual placement, the recombinant enzyme (BglY) was purified and characterized. Consistent with its classification, the enzyme had seven times greater activity with the glucoside substrate ONPGlu (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) than with the galactoside substrate ONPGal (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside). In addition, the enzyme had, with ONPGlu, a thermal optimum around 30 to 35 degrees C, activity over a broad pH range (5.5 to 10.9), and an especially low Km (<0.003 mM). Further examination of substrate preference showed that the BglY enzyme also hydrolyzed other aryl-beta-glucosides such as helicin, MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside), esculin, indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside (a natural indigo precursor), and salicin, but had no activity with glucosidic disaccharides or lactose. These characteristics and substrate preferences make the BglY enzyme unique among the family 3 beta-glucosidases. The hydrolysis of a variety of aryl-beta-glucosides suggests that the enzyme may allow the organism to use these substrates in the environment and that its low Km on indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside may make it useful for producing indigo.
Laser Triggering of Gas Filled Spark Gaps

The laser-triggered spark gap was first reported by Pendleton and Guenther in 1965,[1] and has since been employed in a wide range of applications. The primary advantage laser-triggering offers over other triggering methods is precise synchronization of the gap closing time. High power (megavolt, megamp) gaps can be triggered with closure delays of ~10 ns, and R.M.S. jitter less than 1 ns. Further, under proper operating conditions, the closure delay is a weak function of the ratio of charging voltage to self-breakdown voltage, so that there is little drift in closure time with spark gap aging. Another advantage of laser-triggering is the essentially perfect electrical isolation of the trigger circuit from the switched high voltage circuit it provides.
Are measurement theories falsifiable, and should we care?:

Some measurement theories, of which classical test theory (CTT) is a prominent example, depend on definitions rather than on real assumptions that are susceptible to empirical confirmation or disco...
Varying Coefficient Models for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Using Recombinant Inbred Intercrosses

There has been a great deal of interest in the development of methodologies to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) using experimental crosses in the last 2 decades. Experimental crosses in animal and plant sciences provide important data sources for mapping QTL through linkage analysis. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a renewable mouse resource that is generated from eight genetically diverse founder strains to mimic the genetic diversity in humans. The recombinant inbred intercrosses (RIX) generated from CC recombinant inbred (RI) lines share similar genetic structures of F2 individuals but with up to eight alleles segregating at any one locus. In contrast to F2 mice, genotypes of RIX can be inferred from the genotypes of their RI parents and can be produced repeatedly. Also, RIX mice typically do not share the same degree of relatedness. This unbalanced genetic relatedness requires careful statistical modeling to avoid false-positive findings. Many quantitative traits are inherently complex with genetic effects varying with other covariates, such as age. For such complex traits, if phenotype data can be collected over a wide range of ages across study subjects, their dynamic genetic patterns can be investigated. Parametric functions, such as sigmoidal or logistic functions, have been used for such purpose. In this article, we propose a flexible nonparametric time-varying coefficient QTL mapping method for RIX data. Our method allows the QTL effects to evolve with time and naturally extends classical parametric QTL mapping methods. We model the varying genetic effects nonparametrically with the B-spline bases. Our model investigates gene-by-time interactions for RIX data in a very flexible nonparametric fashion. Simulation results indicate that the varying coefficient QTL mapping has higher power and mapping precision compared to parametric models when the assumption of constant genetic effects fails. We also apply a modified permutation procedure to control overall significance level.
Hundreds of Patients, Thousands of Observations: The Curse of Dimensionality in Clinical Research

A typical controlled clinical trial results in many measurements of safety and efficacy taken at different points in time, with some planned data missing or accumulated at times and under conditions not planned for. This paper reviews how statistical techniques for handling multivariate data can be applied to such a study. It points out the weaknesses of traditional multivariate approaches and describes techniques of analysis which have been developed in the last 15 years that might be more useful.
Decoupling Capacitor Topologies for TSV-Based 3-D ICs With Power Gating

In traditional decoupling capacitor topologies, power gating can significantly degrade the system-wide power integrity of a 3-D integrated circuit since the decoupling capacitance associated with the power-gated block/plane becomes ineffective for the neighboring, active planes. Two topologies are investigated to alleviate this issue by exploiting: 1) relatively low-resistance through silicon vias (TSVs) and 2) ability of TSVs to bypass plane-level power networks when delivering the power supply voltage. In the proposed topologies, decoupling capacitors placed within a plane can provide charge to neighboring planes even when the plane is power gated, achieving up to 50% and 87% reduction in, respectively, rms power supply and power gating (in-rush current) noise at the expense of a moderate increase in physical area and peak power consumption.
Developmental evolution of flowering plant pollen tube cell walls: callose synthase (CalS) gene expression patterns

A number of innovations underlie the origin of rapid reproductive cycles in angiosperms. A critical early step involved the modification of an ancestrally short and slow-growing pollen tube for faster and longer distance transport of sperm to egg. Associated with this shift are the predominantly callose (1,3-β-glucan) walls and septae (callose plugs) of angiosperm pollen tubes. Callose synthesis is mediated by callose synthase (CalS). Of 12 CalS gene family members in Arabidopsis, only one (CalS5) has been directly linked to pollen tube callose. CalS5 orthologues are present in several monocot and eudicot genomes, but little is known about the evolutionary origin of CalS5 or what its ancestral function may have been. We investigated expression of CalS in pollen and pollen tubes of selected non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms) and angiosperms within lineages that diverged below the monocot/eudicot node. First, we determined the nearly full length coding sequence of a CalS5 orthologue from Cabomba caroliniana (CcCalS5) (Nymphaeales). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated low CcCalS5 expression within several vegetative tissues, but strong expression in mature pollen. CalS transcripts were detected in pollen tubes of several species within Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales, and comparative analyses with a phylogenetically diverse group of sequenced genomes indicated homology to CalS5. We also report in silico evidence of a putative CalS5 orthologue from Amborella. Among gymnosperms, CalS5 transcripts were recovered from germinating pollen of Gnetum and Ginkgo, but a novel CalS paralog was instead amplified from germinating pollen of Pinus taeda. The finding that CalS5 is the predominant callose synthase in pollen tubes of both early-diverging and model system angiosperms is an indicator of the homology of their novel callosic pollen tube walls and callose plugs. The data suggest that CalS5 had transient expression and pollen-specific functions in early seed plants and was then recruited to novel expression patterns and functions within pollen tube walls in an ancestor of extant angiosperms.
The Role of Spinal Manipulation in Modifying Central Sensitization

Central sensitization (CS) is characterized by adaptations to the central nervous system resulting in decreased sensory thresholds and widespread hypersensitivity. CS is often difficult to manage, with current treatment strategies primarily consisting of medication, pain science education, cognitive behavioral therapy, and graded exercise intervention. Spinal manipulation represents a potential alternative treatment for CS because of its centrally acting neurophysiological mechanisms. However, experimental trials utilizing spinal manipulation in persons with CS often lack the controls or methodology required to determine the technique's effect on meaningful clinical outcomes. This paper summarizes the mechanistic and experimental evidence on spinal manipulation for centrally mediated pain and hypersensitivity, and offers recommendations for future study considerations in this topic area.
Small-molecule natural products: new structures, new activities

A wide variety of novel small-molecule natural products has recently been reported. These compounds were isolated from marine and terrestrial sources, and from a variety of animals, plants and microorganisms. With the breadth of diversity represented in these bioactive small molecules, the future of natural product drug discovery looks bright.
Transesophageal Echocardiography with Color Doppler During Interventional Catheterization

Echocardiography has been used during interventional cardiac catheterization for guidance of the procedure and assessment of results. However, limited echocardiographic windows and logistical difficulties make conventional echocardiography during interventional catheterization impractical and of limited value. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with Doppler color flow mapping is more useful than conventional echocardiography for guidance of interventional catheterizations. Device closure of congenital atrial and ventricular septal defects (ASDs and VSDs) and of postoperative residual interatrial and interventricular communications, balloon valvuloplasty, and Brockenbrough atrial septal puncture with ASD creation have been performed under combined fluoroscopic and TEE guidance. Transesophageal echocardiography can be performed continuously throughout the procedure, allowing simultaneous fluoroscopic and echocardiographic assessment of catheter position. Localization of individual device arms during transcatheter device closure of ASDs and VSDs is easier and more accurate when TEE is used, resulting in a lower incidence of incorrect device positioning. Doppler color flow mapping is used to determine number, location, and size of defects, to detect residual shunts after device closure, and to assess valve insufficiency after balloon valvuloplasty and other procedures. Combined TEE and fluoroscopic guidance of interventional procedures, with echocardiographic assessment of results, reduces the amount of radiation and contrast used during the procedure, allowing performance of additional interventional procedures during the same catheterization. Transesophageal echocardiography is indicated during interventional procedures in which simultaneous Doppler color flow mapping and precise localization of catheter, balloon, and/or device position will result in a higher success rate and decreased morbidity. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, November 1991)
Dissident Marxism in Eastern Europe

An examination of the major motifs of dissident political literature from Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Hungary in the 1970s reveals a certain commonality of understanding and suggests that dissent is itself a complex, multicausal phenomenon likely to pervade the region for some time to come. Criticisms of the existing system are based on a rejection of dictatorship and its concomitant intellectual rigidity, economic inefficiency, and social alienation. The dissidents' vision of a better socialist society, in contrast, is one of decentralized decision making and of plural centers of power operating within the context of respect for human rights. The tactics put forward by the dissidents derive from these ideas: open discussion, mass mobilization within a legal framework that respects the rights of minorities, and pressure on established elites to make the necessary changes.
Pair Distribution Function as a Probe for Zeolite Structures

In this article we describe how we have used the pair distribution function of zeolites to solve complex structural problems. A first study was dedicated to refining the structure of disordered zeolite beta, a zeolite that is used in the alkylation of benzene. A second study is a work in progress geared toward the determination of the mechanism of negative thermal expansion of zeolite chabazite, which has been found to be one of the most contracting materials known. Preliminary results suggest that the individual Si-Ox distances and Ox-Si-Ox angles in the tetrahedral are deformed with temperature while the average tetrahedra dimensions stay constant.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ABSENCE OF OXYGEN.

The simplicity and sensitivity of this method of study make it especially valuable for exploratory studies on photosynthesis under different conditions and especially for studies on photosynthesis in absence of oxygen, since the luminous bacteria themselves may act as the means of absorbing oxygen. Statements in the literature as to the necessity of oxygen for photosynthesis are somewhat conflicting, but the general conclusion seems to be that oxygen is necessary (7, 8), different plants differing in their resistance to lack of oxygen. Willstatter and Stoll (10) found Pelargonium to be quite sensitive, while Cyclamen was very resistant to lack of oxygen. Despite the statements as to the necessity of oxygen for photosynthesis there is no theoretical reason why the first step in photosynthesis, the splitting of CO 2, which is the step detected by luminous bacteria, should fail in absence of oxygen. It would seem that further experiments in which it is certain that the oxygen is completely removed are desirable. In many experiments where gases are passed over cells to remove the oxygen, the gases may contain traces of oxygen which are easily detected by the luminescence of luminous bacteria. Harvey and Morrison (3) have found that light can just be detected in an emulsion of luminous bacteria 3 cm. thick when in equilibrium with 0.0053 mm. O2 or 0.0007 volume per cent, of oxygen. This will give some idea of the sensitivity of luminous bacteria as oxygen detectors. However, an emulsion of luminous bacteria becomes completely dark if undisturbed, and can reduce many dyes whose oxidation-reduction potential is well known. A knowledge of the potential of the dye allows us to calculate the pressure of oxygen with which equimolecular quantities of reduced and oxidized dye would be in equilibrium.
The Starbucks Brandscape and Consumers' (Anticorporate) Experiences of Glocalization

Prior studies strongly suggest that the intersection of global brands and local cultures produces cultural heterogeneity. Little research has investigated the ways in which global brands structure these expressions of cultural heterogeneity and consumers' corresponding experiences of glocalization. To redress this gap, we develop the construct of the hegemonic brandscape. We use this theoretical lens to explicate the hegemonic influence that Starbucks exerts upon the sociocultural milieus of local coffee shops via its market-driving servicescape and a nexus of oppositional meanings (i.e., the anti-Starbucks discourse) that circulate in popular culture. This hegemonic brandscape supports two distinctive forms of local coffee shop experience through which consumers, respectively, forge aestheticized and politicized anticorporate identifications.
Relative Margin Machines

In classification problems, Support Vector Machines maximize the margin of separation between two classes. While the paradigm has been successful, the solution obtained by SVMs is dominated by the directions with large data spread and biased to separate the classes by cutting along large spread directions. This article proposes a novel formulation to overcome such sensitivity and maximizes the margin relative to the spread of the data. The proposed formulation can be efficiently solved and experiments on digit datasets show drastic performance improvements over SVMs.
Disaggregate Journey-to-Work Data: Implications for Excess Commuting and Jobs–Housing Balance

Much of the analysis to date on the topic of excess commuting and jobs - housing balance deals with total commuting flow, undifferentiated with respect to worker and job characteristics. In this paper we explicitly address the disaggregation issue in terms of job and worker heterogeneity and show how to incorporate such details into the analysis of excess commuting. The objectives of this paper are (1) to develop a trip-distribution model disaggregating journey-to-work data according to type of occupation in order to estimate actual commutes; (2) to develop a disaggregated version of a linear program to measure theoretical minimum and maximum commutes; and, (3) to verify variations in excess commuting and jobs - housing balance according to type of occupation. Results of actual trip-length distributions for each occupation vary from 3.72 to 5 miles for Boise, Idaho, and from 4.27 to 7.78 miles for Wichita, Kansas. Minimum commutes vary from 0.95 to 3.58 miles and from 1.5 to 3.79 miles for Boise and Wichita, respectively. These results imply nonuniform levels of excess commuting and jobs/workers ratios. The proposed models are expected to have a wide range of uses in measurement and assessment of empirical patterns of commuting. The scope of the disaggregation can be extended to other targets, such as different types of industry, household structure, income level, ethnic background, education level, transportation mode, and gender. Further dimensions of disaggregation can address spatial interactions of different socioeconomic groups in urban areas, and, more generally, contribute to exploring urban sprawl according to job characteristics and industries. (A)
Reversible hysteresis loop tuning

We utilize antiferromagnetically coupled bilayer structures to magnetically tune hysteresis loop properties. Key element of this approach is the non-overlapping switching fi eld distribution of the two mag- netic layers that make up the system: a hard magnetic CoPtCrB layer (HL) and a soft magnetic CoCr layer (SL). Both layers are coupled antiferromagnetically through an only 0.6-nm-thick Ru interlayer. The non- overlapping switching fi eld distribution allows the measurement of magnetization reversal in the SL at low fi elds while keeping the magnetization state of the HL unperturbed. Applying an appropriate high fi eld or high fi eld sequence changes the magnetic state of the HL, which then infl uences the SL magnetization re- versal due to the interlayer coupling. In this way, the position and shape of the SL hysteresis loop can be changed or tuned in a fully reversible and highly effective manner. Here, we study specifi cally how the SL hysteresis loop characteristics change as we move the HL through an entire high fi eld hysteresis loop se- quence.
Biased Information Passing Between Subsystems Over Time in Complex System Design

During the early stage design of large-scale engineering systems, design teams are challenged to balance a complex set of considerations. The established structured approaches for optimizing complex system designs offer strategies for achieving optimal solutions, but in practice suboptimal system-level results are often reached due to factors such as satisficing, ill-defined problems, or other project constraints. Twelve subsystem and system-level practitioners at a large aerospace organization were interviewed to understand the ways in which they integrate subsystems in their own work. Responses showed subsystem team members often presented conservative, worst-case scenarios to other subsystems when negotiating a tradeoff as a way of hedging against their own future needs. This practice of biased information passing, referred to informally by the practitioners as adding “margins,” is modeled in this paper with a series of optimization simulations. Three “bias” conditions were tested: no bias, a constant bias, and a bias which decreases with time. Results from the simulations show that biased information passing negatively affects both the number of iterations needed and the Pareto optimality of system-level solutions. Results are also compared to the interview responses and highlight several themes with respect to complex system design practice.
Psychiatry: Three Models in Search of a Future

The author proposes three models for the future of psychiatry. The public health psychiatry model is rooted in psychiatry’s participation in community mental health care for the past 50 years. It emphasizes ideological similarities between community mental health care and managed care. The clinical neuroscience model melds the specialties of neurology and psychiatry to form a clinical brain science, yielding the nonmedical care of mentally ill persons to nonmedical mental health professionals. In the primary care model, more intensive medical training would allow the psychiatrist to function either as a primary care physician or as a “primary care specialist.” (Psychiatric Services 47:874-875, 1996)
Overcoming sterility and unilateral incompatibility of Solanum lycopersicum × S. sitiens hybrids

The wild tomato relative Solanum sitiens is a rare endemic plant of the Atacama Desert of Chile. This species exhibits unique traits—tolerance to drought, salinity and low temperatures, resistances to certain pathogens, and modified fruit ripening—that could be of interest to tomato breeders. However, strong reproductive barriers, including hybrid inviability, sterility, and unilateral incompatibility (UI), prevent or impede introgression with cultivated tomato. Using embryo culture, we obtained a large number of F1 S. lycopersicum × S. sitiens hybrids, and evaluated their fertility and compatibility as male or female parents. Diploid hybrids were functionally male-sterile and strongly rejected pollen of S. lycopersicum by UI. Chromosome doubling produced fertile allotetraploids, from which allotriploids (two genomes of S. lycopersicum, one of S. sitiens) were derived by crossing to diploid tomato. Rejection of tomato pollen occurred lower in styles of allotriploid than diploid hybrids. The pollen compatibility factors ui1.1 and ui6.1 were not sufficient for compatibility on S. sitiens allotriploid hybrids, unlike comparable hybrids with S. lycopersicoides. Pollen from F1 S. lycopersicum × S. pennellii was used to overcome UI on pistils of diploid S. lycopersicum × S. sitiens hybrids. This cross yielded progeny that were fertile and compatible in direct backcrosses to S. lycopersicum. These results establish a feasible method for transferring the S. sitiens genome into cultivated tomato.
Effects of valve repair on long-term patient outcomes after mitral valve surgery

Over the past decade, techniques for mitral valve repair have expanded considerably, so that most mitral pathologies now can be repaired routinely. A question still exists, however, whether patients would benefit from more liberal application of repair, and if so, in what disease categories and clinical situations. One way to address this problem, or at least to gain insights, would be to review experiences with previous patient cohorts. Faced with this question 5 years ago, the authors began a systematic analysis of mitral surgery patients receiving care at Duke University over the past 20 years. Because all surgical patients had been entered into a prospective databank over that time, the opportunity existed to examine long-term outcomes, using multivariable analysis methodology. The purpose of this paper is to review those studies, with the goal of summarizing the benefits of mitral valve repair on patient outcomes observed in our clinical experience.
Growth Substances for Polyporus Schweinitzii

In an earlier publication from this laboratory, Yusef (6) reported that the growth of Polyporus schweinitzii No. 86353 was markedly improved by the addition of small amounts of malt extract to a basal medium containing dextrose, vitamins and "vitamin free" casein hydrolysate. He suggested that unidentified growth-promoting substances for this fungus were present in malt extract. We have continued the investigation and have concluded that this isolate suffers from a partial deficiency for at least two unidentified growth substances.
Recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting.

A young man taking narcotic analgesics long-term has developed abdominal pain and vomiting. What is the cause?
Ovarian activity during follicular-phase down regulation in in vitro fertilization is associated with advanced maternal age and a high recurrence rate in subsequent cycles.

Purpose Previous reports have suggested that the ovarian response to leuprolide acetate is predictive of in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates. This study evaluated the outcome of in vitro fertilization cycles complicated by elevated estradiol levels during leuprolide acetate down regulation and the outcome of subsequent cycles in the same patients.
C-O bond cleavage of dimethyl ether by transition metal ions: a systematic study on catalytic properties of metals and performance of DFT functionals.

Studies were focused on late 3d and 4d transition metal ion (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag) mediated activation of dimethyl ether, to investigate the intrinsic catalytic properties of metals on C–O bond cleavage. A set of density functional (DFT) methods (BLYP, B3LYP, M06, M06-L, B97-1, B97-D, TPSS, and PBE0) with aug-cc-pVTZ were utilized, and the results were calibrated with CCSD(T)/CBS. The utility of CCSD(T)/CBS calculations for these systems was validated by MRCI/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations. Calculations showed an interesting energetic trend as a function of metal; earlier transition metals tend to give smaller reaction barriers and more exergonic reactions than later metals. This applies to both 3d and 4d systems. For the performance of DFT functionals, PBE0 gave the lowest root mean squared deviations (RMSDs) in terms of both reaction energies and barriers for both 3d and 4d systems, compared to the other functionals. Our studies found that the percentage of Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange plays an im...
Analysis on baseline investigation for the establishment of early warning models of tuberculosis in Minhang district,Shanghai

Objective To understand the epidemic status and characteristics of tuberculosis(TB)in Minhang district,Shanghai,to build the observed cohort and provide scientific basis for the development and validation of the early warning model of TB.Methods According to the requirement of the project"Study on the early warning models of tuberculosis",one of the 11th five-year major projects for infectious disease.Xinzhuang town was selected.Prospective epidemiological method was used to investigate the residents selected through cluster sampling.121898residents were selected as research subject to analyze their epidemic characteristics of people with suspicious TB symptoms and TB patients.Chi-square test was used to analyze the prevalence rates of different groups and 0.05 was set as the criteria of statistical significance.Results 120 637residents were investigated(61055 males and 59582 females),and the survey rate was 98.97%(120637/121898).551TB suspects,including 194 people with at least one suspicious symptom and 357 people with a history of TB,and 16TB cases were detected.After further examination,1TB suspect was diagnosed as TB.The prevalence rate of TB in Xinzhuang town was 14.09/100 000(17/120637).The proportion of smear positive cases was 11/17,and that of new smear positive cases was 6/17.The majority of patients were male 13/17and the prevalence in male was 21.29/100000(13/61055),which was significantly higher than that in female(6.71/100 000,4/59 582)(χ2=4.549,P=0.049).The highest prevalence rate appeared in the 55-65age group(38.68/100000,8/20681)and the prevalence rate of people aged 55years and above was 29.64/100000(11/37 113),which was greater than that aged under 55 years(7.18/100000,6/83524),and there was significant difference between 2 groups(χ2=9.196,P=0.004).Conclusion Baseline survey indicated that,the epidemic situation of TB is relatively mild in Minhang district compared with other districts.The majority of patients are male and the higher prevalence rate appears in elderly.
Effect of adrenergic amines on phosphatidylinositol labeling and glycogen synthase activity in fat cells from euthyroid and hypothyroid rats.

Adipocytes from hypothyroid rats exhibit a markedly decreased response to β-adrenergic stimulation as reflected by lipolysis, glycogen synthase activity, and cyclic AMP accumulation as compared to fat cells from euthyroid rats. No effect of insulin on glycogen synthase activity was detected in cells from hypothyroid animals. On the other hand, the sensitivity to α1-adrenergic stimulation was virtually the same in hypothyroid as compared to euthyroid rats as reflected by phosphatidylinositol labeling with [32P]Pi and glycogen synthase activity. It is concluded that thyroid hormones modulate the responsiveness of fat cells to β-adrenergic amines without modifying that to α-catecholamines. The present results do not support the suggestion that thyroid status modulates the interconversion of α- and β-adrenoceptors.
Calorimetric Heats of Adsorption—Single Crystals

There are many methods for measuring the energy required for desorption of a molecule from a single crystalsurface using either isosteric heat measurements under equilibrium conditions, or using desorption kinetic methods. The interpretation of the isosteric measurements requires perfect reversibility in adsorption and desorption, a condition not met when compound formation or dissolution of the adsorbate in the crystal occurs. The interpretation of the kinetic measurements are beset with difficulties having to do with the inability to write the desorption rate laws that apply with accuracy. The calorimetric method avoids these difficulties by directly measuring the heat evolved upon adsorption and by using only the first law of thermodynamics.
EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ABOUT GAME STATISTICS AND A GOAL-SETTING INTERVENTION IN A COMMUNITY COLLEGE WOMEN'S VOLLEYBALL TEAM

The aim was to assess an educational program about game statistics and a goal setting intervention in a community college women’s volleyball team. The sample consisted of 12 players from a Midwestern community college women’s volleyball team. A quasiexperimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and re-test was done. The dependent variable was the players’ perception and use of the game statistics. The independent variable was the educational program about game statistics and goal setting. The coaches’ and players’ perception, level of satisfaction, and completion of the task during the sessions were recorded. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the results (t-test for evidence of relationship) was done. After the educational training, the players’ perceptions of their ability to understand, analyse, and use information about game statistics and do goal setting in practice and in competition increased significantly. The players used the information significantly more in their practice for all the game actions. Players believed that the abilities they learned helped to improve their performance and the way they practiced. The players believed that the intervention was useful, that it helped them to focus in practice, and that it helped them to focus on technique and the quality of the actions, as well as to better monitor their progress. The educational program was effective with regard to increasing players’ perception and understanding about statistics and in the use of statistics and goal setting in practice for monitoring the quality of their actions and their progress.
Developing Collections With Get It Now: A Pilot Project for a Hybrid Collection

ABSTRACTAs health sciences libraries transition from print to online journal collections that require significant institutional funding, librarians are investigating the use of on demand services in order to meet customer need and contain costs. In 2014 a three-year pilot project to determine if unmediated access to the Copyright Clearance Center’s Get It Now service would expand access to needed content and provide usage data to inform collections decision making. The service provides rapid, automated delivery of unsubscribed, high-quality journal articles directly to the customer. The three-year pilot project aims to compare the cost of Get It Now to the traditional subscription model to learn if the service is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative that improves customer satisfaction and that can transform collection development with a hybrid model for journal acquisitions.
Physical and Functional Characteristics of Broken Rice Kernels Caused by Moisture-Adsorption Fissuring

Fissuring caused by rapid moisture adsorption generates broken kernels upon milling; brokens are often ground to flour. The recent increase in demand for rice flour has promoted interest in brokens. This study investigated the physical and functional characteristics of brokens resulting from milling lots with various levels of moisture adsorption-induced fissuring. Two long-grain (LG) cultivars and one medium-grain (MG) cultivar were conditioned to five initial moisture contents (IMCs), rewetted, and then reconditioned to 12% moisture content. Brown rice fissure enumeration and milling analyses as well as size distribution and functionality analyses of brokens were conducted. As IMC decreased, the percentage of fissured kernels increased and, consequently, the amount of brokens generated increased. Although the number of fissures/kernel also increased with decreasing IMC, the mass distribution of the resultant brokens was not affected by IMC. Across all IMC levels, the mass percentage of the medium-sized ...
Public Administration at the Movies

This paper briefly summarizes evidence for the influence of popular films on public perception of government and on public policy. Two films examined through the lens of public administration, and the lessons they teach about public administration, are exposed. One film, Ghostbusters conveys a strongly negative image, and the other, A Thousand Heroes a strongly positive message. Only Ghostbusters was and remains popular and profitable. Public information efforts by government and the public administration community have been limited or reactive. The authors argue for the increased support for public information initiatives such as those of the Public Employees Roundtable (PER) and the American Society of Public Administration (ASPA).
How Does Twitter User Behavior Vary Across Demographic Groups

Demographically-tagged social media messages are a common source of data for computational social science. While these messages can indicate differences in beliefs and behaviors between demographic groups, we do not have a clear understanding of how different demographic groups use platforms such as Twitter. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of how groups’ differing behaviors may confound analyses of the groups themselves. We analyzed one million Twitter users by first inferring demographic attributes, and then measuring several indicators of Twitter behavior. We find differences in these indicators across demographic groups, suggesting that there may be underlying differences in how different demographic groups use Twitter.
CollaVR: Collaborative In-Headset Review for VR Video

Collaborative review and feedback is an important part of conventional filmmaking and now Virtual Reality (VR) video production as well. However, conventional collaborative review practices do not easily translate to VR video because VR video is normally viewed in a headset, which makes it difficult to align gaze, share context, and take notes. This paper presents CollaVR, an application that enables multiple users to review a VR video together while wearing headsets. We interviewed VR video professionals to distill key considerations in reviewing VR video. Based on these insights, we developed a set of networked tools that enable filmmakers to collaborate and review video in real-time. We conducted a preliminary expert study to solicit feedback from VR video professionals about our system and assess their usage of the system with and without collaboration features.
Sample Retention in an Urban Context: Exploring Influential Factors Within a Longitudinal Randomized Evaluation

Secondary data analysis was employed to scrutinize factors affecting sample retention in a randomized evaluation of an early childhood intervention. Retention was measured by whether data were coll...
Post Mapping Structural Optimization for Low Power

Traditionally, logic synthesis has been divided into two stages: technology independent optimization and technology mapping. Technology independent power optimization techniques have been presented in the previous chapters of this book. The structural optimization techniques have recently been introduced as a new optimization step. In a multi-level network, it is, in general, possible to replace a signal (a node input or output) with an existing signal in the network. At the same time, it is also possible to replace a signal with a combination of two or more signals in the networks. In doing so, it is possible to optimize different costs in the network.
Evaluating Rear-End Vehicle Accident Using Pupillary Analysis in a Driving Simulator Environment

This study analyzed the driver’s pupil diameter changes involved in rear-end car accidents. The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship between driving behaviors and changes in pupil diameter. The diameter of pupil changes not only in response to light, but also in response to other factors involving both cognitive and emotional activities. In this study, we evaluated rear-end vehicle accidents from drivers’ psychological perspective by using pupillary analysis. We hypothesized that the patterns of pupil diameter changes could serve as an indicator to evaluate the driver’s behaviors responding to a dangerous situation. An eye-tracking technology was used to collect pupil diameter and records the events of car accidents.
Performance of the Belle II imaging Time-Of-Propagation (iTOP) detector in first collisions

Abstract The iTOP detector is a novel Cherenkov detector developed for barrel particle identification at Belle II, an upgrade of the previous Belle experiment at KEK. The SuperKEKB accelerator, an upgrade of KEKB, collides electrons and positrons with a design luminosity of 8 ⋅ 1 0 35 cm − 2 s − 1 . In order to exploit the high collision rate, Belle II has a trigger frequency of up to 30 kHz. The iTOP detector uses quartz bars as source of Cherenkov photons. The photons are reflected inside the bars until they hit photomultipliers at one end. The spatial distribution and precise arrival times of the detected photons are used to reconstruct the Cherenkov angle. The photon arrival times have to be measured with a resolution better than 100 ps to achieve a good pion–kaon separation. Microchannel plate photomultipliers together with dedicated high-speed electronics for 2.7 GSa/s waveform sampling are used to achieve this timing resolution. The iTOP detector consists of 16 modules with 512 channels each, in total the detector has 8192 channels. First collisions were recorded in spring 2018. A phase of physics operation with a ramp up to full luminosity starts in March 2019. The design of the iTOP detector is shown and experience and results from initial operation are discussed together with an outlook on future running conditions.
New Tools for Finding Full-Text Articles Faster: Kopernio, Nomad, Unpaywall, and More.

AbstractPortable document format (PDF) electronic files are by far the most popular format used to publish, store, and share scholarly journal articles. Recently, new tools for quickly finding and ...
Filamentation Is Associated with Reduced Pathogenicity of Multiple Non-albicans Candida Species.

ABSTRACT Candidiasis affects a wide variety of immunocompromised and medically compromised patients. Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, accounts for about 50% of all cases, while the remainder are caused by the less pathogenic non-albicans Candida species (NACS). These species are believed to be less pathogenic, in part, because they do not filament as readily or robustly as C. albicans, although definitive evidence is lacking. To address this question, we used strains for two NACS, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, which were genetically engineered to constitutively express the key transcriptional regulator UME6 and drive strong filamentation both in vitro and during infection in vivo. Unexpectedly, both strains showed a dramatic reduction in organ fungal burden in response to UME6 expression. Consistent with these findings, we observed that a C. tropicalis hyperfilamentous mutant was significantly reduced and a filamentation-defective mutant was slightly increased for organ fungal burden. Comprehensive immune profiling generally did not reveal any significant changes in the host response to UME6 expression in the NACS that could explain the increased clearance of infection. Interestingly, whole-genome transcriptional profiling indicated that while genes important for filamentation were induced by UME6 expression in C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, other genes involved in a variety of processes important for pathogenesis were strongly downregulated. These findings suggest that there are fundamental evolutionary differences in the relationship between morphology and pathogenicity among Candida species and that NACS do not necessarily possess the same virulence properties as C. albicans. IMPORTANCE Many immunocompromised individuals, including HIV/AIDS and cancer patients, are susceptible to candidiasis. About half of all cases are caused by the major fungal pathogen Candida albicans, whereas the remainder are due to less pathogenic non-albicans Candida species (NACS). Generation of filamentous cells represents a major virulence property of C. albicans, and the NACS are believed to be less pathogenic, in part, because they do not filament as well as C. albicans does. To address this question, we determined the pathogenicity of two NACS strains that have been genetically engineered to promote filamentation during infection. Surprisingly, these strains showed a dramatic reduction in pathogenicity. The host immune response did not appear to be affected. However, unlike C. albicans, filamentation of the NACS was associated with downregulation of several genes important for pathogenicity processes. Our results suggest that there are fundamental evolutionary differences in the relationship between filamentation and pathogenesis in NACS compared to C. albicans.