cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive layout methodology and layout-specific circuit analyses for three-dimensional integrated circuits

In this paper, we describe a comprehensive layout methodology for bonded three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). In bonded 3D integration technology, parts of a circuit are fabricated on different wafers, and then, the wafers are bonded with a glue layer of Cu or polymer based adhesive. Using our layout methodology, designers can layout such 3D circuits with necessary information on inter-wafer via/contact and orientation of each wafer embedded in the layout. We have implemented the layout methodology in 3DMagic. Availability of 3DMagic has led to interesting research with a wide range of layout-specific circuit analyses, from performance comparison of 2D and 3D circuits to layout-specific reliability analyses in 3D circuits. Using 3DMagic, researchers have designed and simulated an 8-bit encryption processor mapped into 2D and 3D FPGA layouts. Moreover, the layout methodology is an essential element of our ongoing research for the framework of a novel reliability computer aided design tool, ERNI-3D.
Peripheral-coupled-waveguide MQW electroabsorption modulator for near transparency and high spurious free dynamic range RF fiber-optic link

Peripheral coupled waveguide (PCW) design has been deployed in InGaAsP multiple quantum-well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator (EAM) at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength. PCW enhances the optical saturation power and reduces the optical insertion loss and the equivalent V/sub /spl pi// simultaneously. A radio-frequency link using a 1.3-mm-long lumped-element PCW EAM has achieved experimentally a link gain of -3 dB, at 500 MHz and at input optical power of 80 mW. The corresponding two-tone multioctave spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) at the same bias is measured at 118 dB/spl middot/Hz/sup 2/3/. The single-octave SFDR at the third-order null bias is 132 dB/spl middot/Hz/sup 4/5/.
Comparative genomic analyses of primary effusion lymphoma.

○ Background.-A rare subset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lymphomas, known as primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), are high-grade tumors carrying human herpes virus 8. Mechanisms postulated to contribute to lymphomagenesis include impaired immune surveillance, alterations in hemopoietic regulatory pathways due to expressed viral genes, and acquisition of genomic alterations in regions of the genome that contain regulatory genes. In PEL, limited information exists about the nature of genome-wide aberrations in these rare lymphomas. Methods.-We used comparative genomic hybridization to detect regions of sequence gain and loss throughout the genome of 8 PEL cases. Regions of DNA sequence loss or gain were confirmed using forward and reverse hybridization and t-statistic analyses. Results.-Genomic aberrations were identified in 6 of 8 cases, including recurrent gain of sequence in chromosomes 12 [ish enh (12q22;12q23, 12q12;12q23)] in 3 of I8 cases and X [ish enh (X, Xp)] in 2 of 8 cases. Conclusions.-DNA copy number changes occurred in a majority of PEL cases and are consistent with changes observed in other HIV lymphomas. These observations suggest that common genetic events may occur in HIV-associated lymphoid malignancies, but they probably do not contribute to the unique markers and morphology of PEL. Although individual genetic loci have been evaluated previously in a few PEL cases, to our knowledge this study represents the first reported genome-wide scan of copy number changes in these rare HIV-associated tumors.
The application of 3D deterministic approach to signal estimation in the case that several antenna elements are missing in a uniform 1-D array

From the figure above, we can come to conclusion that the 3D deterministic approach is still effective in strength estimation of the SOI in the case that several elements are missing, with a high accuracy. Furthermore, Forward-Backward method performs better than Forward and Backward method.
Semiochemicals Released by Electrically Stimulated Red Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis invicta

The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren, has evolved sophisticated chemical communication systems that regulate the activities of the colony. Among these are recruitment pheromones that effectively attract and stimulate workers to follow a trail to food or alternative nesting sites. Alarm pheromones alert, activate, and attract workers to intruders or other disturbances. The attraction and accumulation of fire ant workers in electrical equipment may be explained by their release of pheromones that draw additional worker ants into the electrical contacts. We used chemical analysis and behavioral bioassays to investigate if semiochemicals were released by electrically shocked fire ants. Workers were subjected to a 120 V, alternating-current power source. In all cases, electrically stimulated workers released venom alkaloids as revealed by gas chromatography. We also demonstrated the release of alarm pheromones and recruitment pheromones that elicited attraction and orientation. Arrestant behavior was observed with the workers not electrically stimulated but near those that were, indicating release of unkown behavior-modifying substances from the electrically stimulated ants. It appears that fire ants respond to electrical stimulus by generally releasing exocrine gland products. The behaviors associated with these products support the hypothesis that the accumulation of fire ants in electrical equipment is the result of a foraging worker finding and closing electrical contacts, then releasing exocrine gland products that attract other workers to the site, who in turn are electrically stimulated.
An assessment of social validity trends in applied behavior analysis

Research articles published during the first 31 years of Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis were assessed for reports of social validity measures. Two measures of social validity (treatment outcome and treatment acceptability) were assessed for each article. In addition, articles were assessed for the incorporation of analog versus naturalistic settings. Overall, treatment outcome and acceptability measures were reported in less than 13% of articles. In addition, studies conducted in naturalistic settings were more likely to report social validity measures than studies conducted in analog settings. Possible reasons for the deficit in the reporting of social validity measures and potential outcomes of this deficit are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repurposing FDA-approved drugs to combat drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Objective: The rising occurrence of drug-resistant pathogens accentuates the need to identify novel antibiotics. We wanted to identify new scaffolds for drug discovery by repurposing FDA-approved drugs against Acinetobacter baumannii, an emerging Gram-negative nosocomial drug-resistant pathogen. Materials and methods: In this study, we screened 1040 FDA-approved drugs against drug-susceptible A. baumannii ATCC 17978 and drug-resistant A. baumannii BAA-1605. Results and discussion: Twenty compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (MIC ≤8 mg/L) against ATCC 17978 while only five compounds showed such activity against BAA-1605. Among the most notable results, tyrothricin, a bactericidal antibiotic typically active only against Gram-positive bacteria, exhibited equipotent activity against both strains. Conclusion: The paucity of identified compounds active against drug-resistant A. baumannii exemplifies its ability to resist antimicrobials as well as the resilience of drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Repurposing of approved drugs is a viable alternative to de novo drug discovery and development.
Electronic Structure Calculations of Calcium Silicate Hydrates

Many phases in the calcium-silicate-hydrate system can develop in cement exposed over long periods of time to temperatures above 25 C. As a consequence, chemical reactions involving these phases can affect the relative humidity and water chemistry of a radioactive waste repository that contains significant amounts of cement. In order to predict and simulate these chemical reactions, the authors are developing an internally consistent database of crystalline Ca-Si-hydrate structures. The results of first principles electronic structure calculations on two such phases, wollastonite (CaSiO{sub 3}) and xonotlite (Ca{sub 6}Si{sub 6}O{sub 17}(OH){sub 2}), are reported here. The calculated ground state properties are in very good agreement with experiment, providing equilibrium lattice parameters within about 1--1.4% of the experimentally reported values. The roles of the different types of oxygen atoms, which are fundamental to understanding the energetics of crystalline Ca-Si-hydrates are briefly discussed in terms of their electronic state densities. The good agreement with experiment for the lattice parameters and the consistency of the electronic density of states features for the two structures demonstrate the applicability of these electronic structure methods in calculating the fundamental properties of these phases.
Managing contention and timing constraints in a real-time database system

Previous work in real-time database management systems (RT-DBMS) has primarily based on simulation. This paper discusses how current real-time technology has been applied to architect an actual RT-DBMS on a real-time microkernel operating system. A real RT-DBMS must confront many practical issues which simulations typically ignore race conditions, concurrency, and asynchrony. The challenge of constructing a RT-DBMS is divided into three basic problems: dealing with resource contention, dealing with data contention, and enforcing timing constraints. In this paper, we present our approaches to each problem.
Linear-programming-based multi-vehicle path planning with adversaries

A linear-programming (LP) based path planning algorithm is developed for deriving optimal paths for a group of autonomous vehicles in an adversarial environment. In this method, both friendly and enemy vehicles are modelled as different resource types in an arena of sectors, and the path planning problem is viewed as a resource allocation problem. Simple model simplifications are introduced to allow the use of linear programming in conjunction with a receding horizon implementation for multi-vehicle path planning. Stochastic models based on the current position of opposing vehicles are used to describe their possible future trajectories. The utility of the LP-based algorithm is tested in the RoboFlag drill, where both teams of vehicles have equal path planning capabilities using the proposed algorithm. Results show that the LP-based path planning in combination with a simple enemy model can be used for efficient multi-vehicle path planning in an adversarial environment.
A fast shotgun assembly heuristic

Genome sequencing opened a new era in genetics allowing the study of genomes at the nucleotide level. However, the chosen method of sequencing produced large numbers of nucleotide fragments which had to be re-assembled. The re-assembly of string fragments is known to be NP-hard. We report the results of our fast heuristic implementation for reassembling DNA fragments based on a unique approach to the problem called, "A Structured Pattern Matching Approach to Shotgun Sequence Assembly", (AMASS) created by Sun Kim. The algorithm's main idea is taken from the biological concept of probe hybridization where certain strands of nucleic acids are identified by short, unique sequences of bases that are contained within much longer DNA strands.
Discussion: What Does Rehabilitation Accomplish?

It is often assumed that rehabilitation is limited to helping schizophrenic patients compensate for deficits that are either immutable or altered only by specific medical treatment. However, recent advances in knowledge require that this basic, constricting, and poorly founded assumption about the limitations of rehabilitation be challenged. Data now exist to suggest that for severe mental disorders like schizophrenia rehabilitation may not be just palliative or help compensate for deficits, but may contribute in important ways to basic recovery processes.
Compactional Deformation Bands in Wingate Sandstone; Additional Evidence of an Impact Origin for Upheaval Dome, Utah

Field and microstructural observations from Upheaval Dome, in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, show that inelastic strain of the Wingate Sandstone is localized along compactional deformation bands. These bands are tabular discontinuities (b0.5 cm thick) that accommodate inelastic shear and compaction of inter-granular volume. Measurements of porosity and grain size from nondeformed samples are used to define a set of capped strength envelopes for the Wingate Sandstone. These strength envelopes reveal that compactional deformation bands require at least ca. 0.7 GPa (and potentially more than 2.3 GPa) of effective mean stress in order to nucleate within this sandstone. We find that the most plausible geologic process capable of generating these required magnitudes of mean stress is a meteoritic impact. Therefore the compactional deformation bands observed within the Wingate Sandstone are additional evidence of an impact event at Upheaval Dome and support a post-Wingate (post-Early Jurassic) age for this impact. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nurse-patient interaction: A review of the literature.

Aims. The aims of this paper are to review a theoretical model useful for developing nursing knowledge related to nurse–patient interaction, review the literature on nurse–patient interaction, and discuss areas for further research. Theoretical model. Goffman’s theory of face work. Results. Nurse–patient interaction is a central element of clinical nursing practice. This paper shows how Goffman’s model can be used as a theoretical framework for understanding nurse–patient communication. Relevance to clinical practice. Issues such as power, the social and cultural context, and interpersonal competence are shown to be important in the quality of nurse– patient interactions and nurses need to take cognizance of these factors in their interactions with patients.
Daggers, Kernels, Baer *-semigroups, and Orthomodularity

We discuss issues related to constructing an orthomodular structure from an object in a category. In particular, we consider axiomatics related to Baer *-semigroups, partial semigroups, and various constructions involving dagger categories, kernels, and biproducts.
Array block implementation of two-dimensional asymmetric half plane IIR digital filters

Abstract Two block implementation schemes for the simultaneous computation of rectangular blocks of output data (as opposed to linear blocks in a row) of 2-D half plane IIR digital filters are derived. The first scheme directly manipulates the half plane scalar filter to obtain the block equation. Here, the basic noncomputable block equation derived by Mertzios (1984) is utilized as a starting point. If M × N is the order of the filter ( M in z 1 − and N in z 2 -direction), then the number of terms in the resulting block equation depends on N even if the array size is L 1 × L 2 ⩾ M × N . This is in contrast to the quarter plane filter in which the number of terms of the block implementation is always eight as long as the array size is L 1 × L 2 ⩾ M × N . Also, the caution to be exercised in this method while computing the output block near the border of the conical output array is pointed out. The second scheme deals with mapping the 2-D half plane filter into the 2-D quarter plane filter and then implementing the resulting quarter plane filter in the block. The resulting quarter plane scalar filter has size M × N ( M + 1). Therefore, the array size should be L 1 × L 2 ⩾ M × N ( M + 1) in order to have only eight terms in the block realization.
Group Additive Regression Models for Genomic Data Analysis

One important problem in genomic research is to identify genomic features such as gene expression data or DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are related to clinical phenotypes. Often these genomic data can be naturally divided into biologically meaningful groups such as genes belonging to the same pathways or SNPs within genes. In this paper, we propose group additive regression models and a group gradient descent boosting procedure for identifying groups of genomic features that are related to clinical phenotypes. Our simulation results show that by dividing the variables into appropriate groups, we can obtain better identification of the group features that are related to the phenotypes. In addition, the prediction mean square errors are also smaller than the component-wise boosting procedure. We demonstrate the application of the methods to pathway-based analysis of microarray gene expression data of breast cancer. Results from analysis of a breast cancer microarray gene expression data set indicate that the pathways of metalloendopeptidases (MMPs) and MMP inhibitors, as well as cell proliferation, cell growth, and maintenance are important to breast cancer-specific survival.
Four-State Data Encoding for Enhanced Security Against Upstream Eavesdropping in SPECTS O-CDMA

This paper presents an implementation of a modulation technique which is effective in obscuring spectral phase encoded time-spreading (SPECTS) optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) data streams from eavesdroppers tapping into single-user uplinks. This data modulation technique employs a finite-state Markov chain following a four-state trellis to encode user data in the electronic domain. The encoding redistributes the SPECTS O-CDMA user data bits across four different waveforms to defeat the eavesdropper attacks on upstream links via power detectors or differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) receivers. The four-state encoder-decoder is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with high-speed serial transceivers. A SPECTS O-CDMA testbed with four-state encoded data modulation at up to 2.5 Gb/s/user is demonstrated and its single user link security is tested using a DPSK demodulator to emulate the eavesdropping detection. The security test verifies that this modulation technique effectively prevented interception by DPSK detection. The four-state coding can be extended to be time variable through switching among several trellis state definitions to achieve more rigorous security.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Vagococcus lutrae Strain LBD1, Isolated from the Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides.

ABSTRACT Vagococci are usually isolated from marine hosts and occasionally from endodontic infections. Using 16S rRNA gene comparison, the closest relatives are members of the genera Enterococcus and Carnobacterium. A draft sequence of Vagococcus lutrae was generated to clarify the relationship of Vagococcus to these and other related low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria.
Self-Selection of a High Calcium Diet by Vitamin D—Deficient Lactating Rats Increases Food Consumption and Milk Production

Lactating and nonlactating rats, both deficient and replete in chole- calciferol, were allowed a free selection among three diets containing 0.47 % Ca, 0.3 % P (normal Ca, normal P diet); 2.0% Ca, 0.3% P (high Ca diet); and 0.47% Ca, 1.0% P (high P diet). An additional group of vitamin D-deficient lactating rats was fed only the normal Ca, normal P diet. Vitamin D-deficient rats showed a strong selection preference for the high Ca diet but avoided the high P diet, whereas cholecalciferol- replete rats consumed the normal Ca, normal P diet predominantly. Compared to the nonselecting rats, the selection of the high Ca diet by the lactating rats deficient in vitamin D resulted in an increase in plasma calcium levels, hypophosphatemia, a doubling of food consumption, a reduction in maternal body weight loss and a stimu lation of milk production as indicated by pup growth. These results demonstrate that vitamin D-deficient rats select a high Ca diet and that the decrease in milk produc tion found in vitamin D deficiency results from a decrease in food consumption and that this anorexia is at least partially dependent on the hypocalcemia normally oc curring in vitamin D deficiency. J. Nutr. 114: 1377-1385, 1984.
Natural and Artificial Enzymes Against Cocaine. I. Monoclonal Antibody 15A10 and the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine in Rats

Recent reports have indicated the potential usefulness of anticocaine catalytic monoclonal antibodies in reducing cocaine's toxic and reinforcing effects by altering its pharmacokinetics to favor increased metabolism to the systemically inert products ecgonine methylester and benzoic acid. The present study was designed to further these findings by evaluating the hypothesis that administration of the anticocaine catalytic monoclonal antibody mAb 15A10 would dose and time dependently reduce behavior maintained by a range of doses of i.v. cocaine. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in daily 8-h sessions to self-administer i.v. cocaine. A within-session multiple-dose protocol was used wherein rats were allowed access to saline or one of six doses of cocaine [0 (saline), 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0 (saline), 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg/injection] each hour in the order stated. After demonstrating stable dose-response curves over 3 consecutive days, rats were given 30-min pretreatments of saline or mAb 15A10, (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg i.v.). Antibody, but not saline, pretreatments significantly altered dose-response curves for cocaine self-administration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, resulting in downward and rightward shifts in rates of responding across the cocaine dose range. These effects were apparently not attributable to general behavioral suppression, because operant behavior for an alternative reinforcer was not likewise affected. The present data extend previous work indicating that pharmacokinetic approaches may be of worth in the search for clinically effective cocaine antagonists.
Oral nabilone capsules in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and pain.

Background: Nabilone has been approved to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Recent studies have explored cannabinoids in pain management. Objectives: To review the evidence for the us...
Endosymbiont change as a key innovation in the adaptive radiation of Soritida (Foraminifera)

Abstract A phylogeny of 54 Recent and fossil species of Soritacea (Foraminifera) was used to test the hypothesis that endosymbiosis has driven the evolution of the clade. Endosymbiosis with photosynthetic eukaryotes is the plesiomorphic condition for the entire clade Soritacea. Living species dwell in tropical-subtropical, shallow-water habitats and are characterized by the possession of rhodophyte, chlorophyte, or dinophyte photosymbionts. Two distinct changes in endosymbiont type are recognized when endosymbiont type is mapped in the cladogram of Soritacea: (1) a change from rhodophyte to chlorophyte endosymbionts occurred in the stem lineage of the least inclusive clade containing New clade B, Orbiculinida, and Soritida; and (2) a change from chlorophyte to dinophyte endosymbionts occurred in the stem lineage of the least inclusive clade containing New clade G, New clade H, New clade I, Sorites, Amphisorus, and Orbitolites. When habitat and ontogeny are optimized on the cladogram of Soritida, the acqui...
Global challenges of the AIDS epidemic: perspectives. Introductory remarks.

AIDS has now been recognized as the leading cause of adult mortality worldwide. New cases of HIV infection rose by 10% from 1996 to 1997. AIDS has affected all economic classes including the armed forces. Despite the medical advances achieved there is no indication that this trend will reverse. This epidemic remains a global public health emergency. The new millennium is projected to present a worst scenario for AIDS. By the year 2001 100 million people will be incubating a virus that mutates at least one of its genes each time it multiplies a capability that suggests an unfathomable reservoir for new AIDS viruses and new viral epidemics should the world fail to address this condition. The costly treatment of AIDS should not permit us to surrender wait and be passive. Vaccine development should be a priority. Moreover there is proof that early diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases with less expensive medications such as penicillin and sulfa drugs stops the spread of HIV. Studies in Thailand and New York showed that a few dollars worth of azidothymidine could significantly decrease mother-to-fetus transmission of the virus. Finally early education of women and attention to basic civil rights play a key role in the prevention and control of this deadly disease.
Polymer Clad Silica Optical Data Communication System

High technology vehicle applications are expanding functionality and connectivity, enabling increased information access, and improving occupant safety. In-vehicle data transmission systems are also evolving to meet the requirements of these applications, which include diverse node locations, an increased number of interacting nodes, information transfer capacity, and data transmission rates. The Yazaki Polymer Clad Silica (PCS) Optical Data Communication System is leading this evolution. This next generation optical communication system integrates gigabit communication technology, including glass fiber and VCSEL light sources. It exceeds current vehicle network system demands, and anticipates future requirements to enable the automotive optical communication networks of tomorrow.
The Study of Teaching: Modern and Emerging Conceptions

In the past 30 years, research on teaching has displayed an amazing burst of energy and has generated many important concepts and research findings. One prominent feature of this effort has been researchers’ willingness to observe instructional process and to conceptualize the complex interactions of classrooms as fast moving social settings. Prior to 1960 most educational research (whether conducted by educators, sociologists, or psychologists) used research methods that excluded direct examination of instructional process. Modern research, in contrast, has included observation of classroom processes and detailed interviews with students and teachers. These data sources have generated greater awareness of the complexities of classroom life and have begun to steer theory away from simple notions to more complex, contingent, contextualized knowledge about what makes for good teaching.
Causal interactions

In this paper we present two design guidelines, causal order and continuity, to be used as rules of thumb for designing intuitive interactions based on principles of causal reasoning. We propose that designing interactions to behave like real-world systems of cause and effect makes them more intuitive. Using these basic principles avoids the limitations inherent to specific metaphors. In three experiments, participants solved puzzles using variations of a novel graphical interface. Participants using interfaces that were consistent with the causal guidelines consistently solved the puzzle faster than participants using inconsistent interfaces. We also discuss common interactions already consistent with the causal guidelines as well as areas where the guidelines are likely to apply successfully. The causal order guidelines provide specific utility while also demonstrating how principles of causal psychology can be applied to help interface designers better convey the functionality of their interfaces.
Abstract 18148: CMR Mapping of Mechanical Activation Time in Patients with Heart Failure and Left Bundle Branch Block: Methods and Initial Results

Introduction: The nonresponse rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure (HF) is 30-50% using current clinical indicators and implementation methods. A frequent cause of CRT nonresponse is suboptimal positioning of the left ventricular (LV) lead, which should be located in a late-activated region of the LV. In contrast to the the current trend to measure time to peak strain to identify late contraction, we aimed to develop and evaluate MRI strain imaging for mapping the onset of mechanical activation in the LV in CRT patients. Methods: Cine DENSE MRI was performed in 18 patients with HF and left bundle branch block (LBBB) and in 6 healthy subjects. Circumferential strain was computed using previously described semiautomatic methods. Circumferential strain as a function of time and LV segment was refined using singular value decomposition (SVD), and an active contour was used to find the time of the onset of contraction (Fig. 1A), which was defined as the mechanical activation time. Results: The mean time of latest mechanical activation was 56 ± 23 ms in HF-LBBB patients and 19 ± 9 ms in healthy subjects (p Conclusions: Assessment of regional strain onset in heart failure can be determined using SVD of cine DENSE circumferential strain. Mechanically late-activated regions were identified in all 18 patients with HF and LBBB, with significant variability in the site of latest LV free wall activation. This heterogeneity of late-activated segments in LBBB suggests that activation mapping holds potential for pre-procedure identification of optimal LV lead implantation sites for individual patients undergoing CRT.
Seismic analysis using wavelet transform for hydrocarbon detection in paleo-karst reservoirs

Summary Recent advances in deep hydrocarbon explorations reveal that paleo-karst systems could be among one of the important prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, a challenging problem is to distinguish the hydrocarbonbearing karsts from the water-saturated ones before drilling. In this study, we show that as one of the most advanced wave decomposition techniques, wavelet transform could aid seismic analysis for hydrocarbon detection in paleokarst reservoirs. In wavelet transform, seismic wave is decomposed into different frequency contents. Amplitude anomalies for each frequency are identified for possible association with hydrocarbon occurrence due to seismic attenuation. For the studied deep paleo-karst reservoir of an Ordovician age in the Tarim basin of China, processed 3D post-stack data sets are used to detect hydrocarbon zones by analyzing the low frequency signals in the decomposed domain. It is found that low-frequency anomalies on the spectrogram of a frequency of 20Hz best correlate with the occurrence of oil-saturated paleo-karsts in the studied area, whereas the spectrogram at high-frequency end (e.g., 70 Hz) could reveal thin beds and other high-resolution structural and/or stratigraphic information of the reservoirs.
A new genus and species of pennatulacean octocoral from equatorial West Africa (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Virgulariidae)

A new genus and species of sea pen or virgulariid pennatulacean from the Gulf of Guinea in the tropical eastern Atlantic is described, and a key to the genera of the Virgulariidae is included. The new genus and species described here adds to the previously described five other genera of the family. It is distinguished by unique sclerite and polyp leaf characters from the superficially-similar genus Virgularia, which lacks conspicuous sclerites in the polyp leaves and coenenchyme (other than minute oval bodies that are generally <0.01 mm in length).
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transesophageal Drainage of an Infected Aneurysm After Aortic Stent Graft Placement

This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity, also eligible for MOC credit, on page e22. Learning Objective: Upon completion of this Gastroenterology in Motion activity, successful learners will be able to establish endoscopy as a feasible approach to drain infected collections involving the aorta, highlighting the role that endoscopy may offer to high-risk patients, providing an alternative solution to surgery and percutaneous drainage when the risk-benefit ratio is deemed favorable.
Implicit and Explicit Customized Science: The Case of Evolutionary Biology

When reflecting on the meaning of ‘customized’ science, I get a sense of deja vu. It seems to me that I have already seen this phenomenon in action. In fact, I find that I have studied it in great detail. My own research on the famous “nature-nurture” controversies around sociobiology and IQ research during the later part of the last century, and the so-called “Science Wars” happening toward its very end, appears to have tackled exactly this question.
Outcomes of pre-emptive and rescue use of percutaneous left ventricular assist device in patients with structural heart disease undergoing catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia

Patient selection and timing of percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) insertion for maximal benefit during ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation is not well defined. We aimed to assess the outcomes of pre-emptive and rescue use of pLVAD during VT ablation in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Between January 2009 and October 2011, 93 patients underwent VT ablation. Three groups were compared: (1) Rescue group (n = 12)—patients who required emergent pLVAD insertion due to hemodynamic collapse during VT ablation, (2) Pre-emptive group (n = 24)—patients who had pre-ablation pLVAD insertion, and (3) Non-pLVAD group (n = 57)—patients who did not undergo pLVAD insertion. Procedural outcomes including 30-day mortality were compared. Thirty-day mortality was higher in the Rescue group compared to the Pre-emptive group (58 vs. 4 %, p = 0.003) and non-pLVAD (58 vs. 3 %, p = 0.001) group. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality or long-term freedom of VT between the pre-emptive and non-pLVAD groups. Despite rescue pLVAD insertion, hemodynamic collapse during VT ablation is associated with a persistently high 30-day mortality. Further studies are warranted to predict hemodynamic collapse and to refine the role of pLVAD in this setting.
Environmental factors affecting burrowing by brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and their susceptibility to capture in towed nets

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted under simulated daytime conditions to examine the effects of salinity, sediment texture, size, density, and hunger on burrowing behavior of juvenile brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus . Over all experimental conditions (20,929 observations of 2411 individual shrimp), 77.5% of brown shrimp and 21.4% of white shrimp were observed burrowed with more than half of their body beneath the substrate. The tendency of burrowed shrimp to emerge from burrows when disturbed also was tested. When burrowing rates were examined in combination with this tendency to emerge upon disturbance, only 46.7% of brown shrimp would be susceptible to capture in towed nets, while almost all (97%) white shrimp would be susceptible. All environmental factors examined in this study, except salinity for white shrimp, significantly affected burrowing of these species. When these environmental effects on burrowing were combined with the likelihood of emergence, however, the effects of salinity and substrate type on brown shrimp behavior appeared most likely to affect capture by towed nets. Estuarine abundance indices from resource surveys using towed nets could be adjusted using such vulnerability estimates.
ALVEOLAR SURFACE MECHANICS

The major component of the recoil forces that tend to deflate the lungs is the surface tension of a thin liquid layer that lines the alveoli. This surface tension is well below the value for a clean air/water interface, indicating the presence of a surfactant. The surface tensions in situ specify that the surfactant films must have certain characteristics. Following large expansions of the air/water interface during deep inhalations, the surfactant must adsorb rapidly to form the interfacial film. When compressed by the shrinking surface area during exhalation, the films must be sufficiently rigid to resist the tendency to collapse from the interface. Materials washed from the lungs show that pulmonary surfactant is a mixture containing mostly lipids with some proteins that is synthesized and secreted by the type II pneumocyte. The disorder in which an abnormality of pulmonary surfactant most clearly plays a role is the respiratory distress syndrome of premature babies, although altered surfactant function may also contribute to the acute respiratory distress syndrome that occurs in patients of all ages.
The Modern Metabolic Stone Evaluation in Children

Objective To evaluate metabolic abnormalities in a contemporary pediatric population after their first stone episode. The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis is increasing and therefore the etiologies contributing to today's pediatric stone formation may also be changing. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of all consecutive children presenting after their first kidney stone between 2000 and 2014 was performed. We compared demographic data, serum chemistry results, and 24-hour urine results and treatments. Results One hundred thirteen children with a mean age of 11 years (5 months to 18 years) who presented with their first kidney stone episode between 2000 and 2014 were evaluated. Sixteen patients (14%) were found to have an underlying genetic or systemic disease. Overall, there was a low rate of serum chemistry abnormalities. The most common abnormalities found within the 24-hour urine evaluation included low urine volume (89%) and hypocitraturia (68%). Hypercalciuria occurred rarely (11%). Conclusion We identified a low rate of underlying genetic or systemic diseases contributing to modern pediatric stone presentation and an increased proportion of idiopathic stones. Our study differs from historical findings by identifying a low rate of hypercalciuria and a high rate of low urine volume and hypocitraturia, suggestive of changing metabolic abnormalities contributing to modern pediatric stone disease.
Persistencia cuentística de Sergio Ramírez (Persistence of the Short Story in Sergio Ramírez)

Este estudio establece en primer lugar los factores esteticos por los cuales la extensa trayectoria de la obra cuentistica de Sergio Ramirez ha constituido una aportacion innovadora en las letras hispanoamericanas. Enseguida se procede a un analisis sociocultural del cuento «Charles Atlas tambien muere» concentrado en su critica a la mercantilizacion del cuerpo humano. Esta aproximacion dilucida sobre la funcion artistica de constituyentes historicos y fetiches socioculturales asi como sobre las fraudulentas redes engendradas por las manipulaciones de los simbolos del capital y su devenir espectral. This study discusses, in the first place, the artistic factors expounding the innovative contribution of the short story production by Sergio Ramirez in Latin America. The second part of this study is a sociocultural analysis of the story “Charles Atlas also dies” focusing on his critique of the com modification of the human body. This approach involves elucidating the artistic function of historical components and sociocultural fetishes as well as the fraudulent networks generated by the manipulations of the symbols of capital and its spectral becoming.
Book Review: Commonwealth and Covenant: Economics, Politics, and Theologies of Relationality:

Commonwealth and Covenant: Economics, Politics, and Theologies of Relationality. By Marcia Pally. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans Publishing, 2016. viii + 419 pp. $50.00 (paper).Humanities and multicultural studies scholar Marcia Pally may have been tempted in latter days to congratulate herself on a disorder well diagnosed, for her 2016 Commonwealth and Covenant: Economics, Politics, and Theologies of Relationality names not only the Wests swing from human "situatedness" into individual "separability," but the social and political balkanization that has all too evidently resulted. Pally seeks no pendulum swing in the reverse direction, but rather a vision of human existence defined by separability and situatedness in full mutual constitution, an ontology-and theology-of relationality that she names "separability-flmid-situatedness, distinction-amid-relation" (p. 7). Only by rethinking life on this fundamental, ontological level, which precedes and produces ethics and law, can the unduly "separated" rediscover their distinctive identities in relation with one another, exchanging self-isolation and agonism for a "process of mutual consideration-worthiness" by which they may reclaim the formation of a common good (p. 10).Differentiated relationality as the telos of human existence must also be its means, and this holds true for Pally's own method of conveying the message: both portions of her work rally the support of an immense chorus of voices that, by their own varying attestations of distinction-amid-relation, multiply evidence that such an ontology is indeed "ontology rather than opinion" (p. 26). In an initial secular ontology and historical survey in part 1, Pally discerns commitments to separability-amid-situatedness even within thinkers (from Adam Smith to Friedrich Schelling) claimed for one polarized "side" or the other. Her central focus, however, is given to Jewish and Christian "theologies of relationality" surveyed in part 2, which, whether received as "truth or as truthful metaphor" (p. 24), firmly ground the ontology of relationality by grounding it within the divine distinctionamid-relation itself (p. 16).The resulting whole succeeds in inviting a paradigm shift by sheer power of demonstration, offering a range of careful and compelling historical, historical-theological, doctrinal, and scriptural attestations of the relational texture that might simply be "the way things are" (pp. 19, 333). At the same time, it is not perfectly clear just who might find this ontological and theological deep dive most persuasive. Pally takes much greater pains with the internal logic of Christian theological traditions than would be needed to receive them as meaningful myth; yet the same rich theological work functions at least in part to illuminate a broader ontology of relationality that does not rely on it (p. …
Prevalence of Psychotherapy Surrounding Initiation of Psychotropic Polypharmacy in the Medicaid-Insured Population, 1999–2010

Objective:This research aimed to quantify the prevalence of psychotherapy among Medicaid-insured patients within six months of initiating psychotropic medication polypharmacy (PMP).Methods:Using the Medicaid Analytic eXtract database for 29 states from 1999 to 2010, investigators established ten two-year cohorts of pediatric and adult patients who received two or more psychotropic drugs with a 45-day overlapping days’ supply. Among PMP initiators, the prevalence of psychotherapy services, identified from encounter claims via Current Procedural Terminology and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes, was calculated for the six months before and the six months after initiation of PMP.Results:PMP prevalence varied from 21.2% to 27.7% and from 48.5% to 58.0% in pediatric and adult Medicaid-insured patients, respectively. Among pediatric patients who started PMP (N=397,728), the proportion who had received psychotherapy before PMP varied from 21.0% in the 1999–2000 cohort to 40.0% in 2005–2007. After P...
Assessing Interest and Barriers for Resident and Faculty Involvement in Global Surgery.

Background Multiple institutions have developed international electives and sustainable global surgery initiatives to facilitate clinical, research, and outreach opportunities with hospitals in resource-poor areas. Despite increasing interest among programs, many institutions have not successfully reached potential involvement. Objective This study evaluates the experiences of Yale residents and faculty, measures interest in the development of an international surgical elective, and enumerates barriers to developing or participating in these opportunities. This was performed to develop a formalized elective and assess interest and capacity for surgical global health initiatives, as a seemingly increasing number of trainee applicants and residents were expressing interest in working in resource-poor settings. Methods Electronic survey of Yale Surgery residents and faculty analyzed using SPSS and Graphpad Prism. Results Among residents, previous global experience correlates with current interest in international opportunities, with 100% remaining interested, and 78% of those without prior experience also expressing interest (p = 0.018). Barriers to pursuing these activities included the use of vacation time, funding, scheduling, family obligations, and concern for personal safety. Among faculty, 28% of respondents have been involved internationally, and most (86%) expressed interest in additional opportunities and all were willing to take residents. Barriers to faculty participation included funding, relative value unit target reduction, protected time, and the desire for institutional support for such activities. Conclusions A substantial proportion of residents and faculty have experience in global health and motivation to pursue additional opportunities. The main barriers to participation are not a lack of interest, but rather needs for funding support, protected time, and institutional recognition of academic contributions. These findings are being used to develop a global surgery elective and establish long-term partnerships with international colleagues.
Dilation to Tissue Plasminogen Activator of Middle Cerebral Arteries is Prevented by Actin Cytoskeletal Stabilization

P115 Background: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke, however, the effects of tPA on the cerebral circulation are unknown. We have previously shown that perfusion of isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) with 400μg/mL tPA inhibits pressure-induced myogenic constriction ( Stroke 2000;31:940–45). In the present study, we investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of tPA on myogenic tone and whether or not treatment of MCAs with jasplakinolide (JASP), a cell-permeable compound that stabilizes the actin cytoskeleton of smooth muscle, could prevent tPA-induced vasodilation. Methods: MCAs were isolated from male Wistar rats and mounted on two glass microcannulas in a specialized arteriograph chamber that allowed control of transmural pressure (TMP) and continuous measurement of lumen diameter. Arteries were pressurized to 75mmHg and tone allowed to develop. One group of MCAs (JSP, n=8) were treated with 10 -7 M JASP and the other group left untreated (CTL, n=6) as controls. Increasing concentrations of tPA (0.1, 1.0, 5.0mg/mL) were then added to the arteriograph bath and lumen diameter recorded at each concentration. Results: Addition of tPA caused a concentration-dependent dilation in CTL arteries, decreasing myogenic tone from 28.5±2.8% to 26.7±3.2% in 0.1mg/mL (p 0.05 for all). Conclusions: It appears that tPA has a direct effect on the arterial wall of MCAs that interferes with myogenic reactivity. Whether this effect is beneficial or not is unclear, however, treatment of arteries to stabilize smooth muscle contractile proteins may prevent this vasodilation and loss of myogenicity. Understanding how tPA affects the cells within the vascular wall is an important step that could lead to improved treatment and stroke outcome.
Risk Factors for Community Acquired Extended-Spectrum Β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Background Community-acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae infections pose unique treatment challenges. Identifying risk factors associated with ESBL Enterobacteriaceae infections outside of prior colonization is important for empiric management in an era of antimicrobial stewardship.