cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCTIVE THERAPY OF BONE AND JOINT TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis of bones and joints, like all other local manifestations of this disease, should be regarded as the result of a generalized infectious process. Treatment of the local manifestations becomes most effective when it mobilizes the patient's resistance against the systemic infection which preceded the local lesion. Such a therapeutic agent is available in the form of heliotherapy. Immobilization is indicated for the correction of deformity and the relief of pain and muscle spasm. Definite departure from routine immobilization methods is indicated to prevent degeneration known to result from non-use. Surgical measures may be indicated to improve function subsequent to healing of the tuberculous lesion. The restoration of function is a more desirable end-result than ankylosis. The privilege of making these observations was fostered by the combined efforts of two men. The keen vision and indomitable spirit of the late Dr. John H. Pryor resulted in the erection of the J. N. Adam Memorial Hospital for the application of heliotherapy to all forms of tuberculosis. Through the administrative and professional efforts of Dr. Horace Lo Grasso, the Superintendent, a sufficient number of cases have been treated under his direction since 1913 to firmly establish the indications for heliotherapy in tuberculosis. The writer therefore wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness for the advantages which have been so willingly extended to him.
Characteristics of the growth cycles of four simian enteroviruses (SV2, SV6, SV42, SV49).

SummaryA study was made of the rate of adsorption, penetration and multiplication in PMK cell cultures by 4 simian enteroviruses which form different kinds of plaques. The effect of protamine on plaque formation by these viruses was also noted. The results obtained were used to explain differences observed in the size of plaques formed.
Corpus luteum as a novel target of weight changes that contribute to impaired female reproductive physiology and function

ABSTRACTObesity and malnutrition are associated with decreased fecundity in women. Impaired reproductive capacity in obese women is often attributed to anovulation. However, obese women with ovulatory cycles also have reduced fertility, but the etiology of their impaired reproduction is only partially understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity directly impairs oocyte and embryo quality as well as endometrial receptivity. In obese women, urinary progesterone metabolite excretion is decreased, but in excess of what can be explained by suppressed gonadotropin secretion, suggesting that apart from its central effect obesity may directly affect progesterone (P4) production. These observations have led to the novel hypothesis that obesity directly affects corpus luteum (CL) function. Similarly, we hypothesize that weight loss may contribute to luteal dysfunction. Here, we propose a non-human primate model, the vervet monkey, to examine the effect of weight gain and loss on menstrual cycle parameter...
Engaging and working with pharmacy consultants

Hearing the boss utter the phrase “We are engaging consultants” has made many a pharmacy enterprise leader shudder. They reflexively tremble because productivity consultants have historically been engaged by personnel at the executive level. This was evidenced by data from a 2012 survey of
Single Cell Proteomics Using Frog (Xenopus laevis) Blastomeres Isolated from Early Stage Embryos, Which Form a Geometric Progression in Protein Content.

Single cell analysis is required to understand cellular heterogeneity in biological systems. We propose that single cells (blastomeres) isolated from early stage invertebrate, amphibian, or fish embryos are ideal model systems for the development of technologies for single cell analysis. For these embryos, although cell cleavage is not exactly symmetric, the content per blastomere decreases roughly by half with each cell division, creating a geometric progression in cellular content. This progression forms a ladder of single-cell targets for the development of successively higher sensitivity instruments. In this manuscript, we performed bottom-up proteomics on single blastomeres isolated by microdissection from 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 50-cell Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) embryos. Over 1 400 protein groups were identified in single-run reversed-phase liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry from single balstomeres isolated from a 16-cell embryo. When the mass of yolk...
Entrepreneurship Education in Practice: The Development of a Hybrid Training Model in an Urban Environment

Abstract Addressing a gap in entrepreneurial training programs, the main objective of this study was to introduce a hybrid training model that provides training to entrepreneurs after they have started their operations and before they become large and/or well established. The presented model consist of a full entrepreneurship training program suited to serve entrepreneurs who have been operating for no less than 2 years, have 1–14 employees, and need basic training to further achieve their operational goals. This format allows for progressive learning while encouraging networking among participants. Using a case study, 5 years of data are presented describing this program and its value for its participants including urban entrepreneurs.
Changes in Memory Processes of Dementia Patients

In the past decade psychologists, psychiatrists and neurologists have become significantly interested in studying memory processes of older adults and in particular, memory processes of dementia patients. Scientists’ attention to the memory processes comes at a time when clinical gerontologists are confronted with an overwhelming number of “clients” who are concerned about their memory failure. Also, the differential diagnosis of dementia disorders is still unresolved. The picture is even more bleak since the chief characteristic of the disorder; namely, changes in memory processes, are not well understood and its properties are not known.
The Relationship of Novel Plasma Proteins in the Early Neonatal Period With Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening disease associated with abnormal retinal vascular development. Proteins from the insulin-like growth factor pathway are related to ROP. However, there is a paucity of research on the role of other proteins in ROP. The aim of this study was to identify plasma proteins related to clinically significant ROP. Methods We measured 1121 plasma proteins in the early neonatal period in infants at risk for ROP using an aptamer-based proteomic technology. The primary aim of the study was to compare plasma protein concentrations in infants who did (n = 12) and did not (n = 23) subsequently develop clinically significant ROP using logistic regression. As a secondary aim, we examined patterns in the proteins across categories of clinically significant, low-grade, and no ROP groups. Results Lower levels of 16 proteins were associated with an increased risk of clinically significant ROP. In this group, superoxide dismutase (Mn), mitochondrial (MnSOD), and chordin-like protein 1 (CRDL1) were highly ranked. Other proteins in this group included: C-C motif chemokine 14 (HCC-1), prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7), and eotaxin. Higher levels of 12 proteins were associated with a higher risk for ROP. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) was the top-ranked protein target followed by hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (MSP), luteinizing hormone (LH), cystatin M, plasminogen, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). We also noted different patterns in the trend of concentrations of proteins across the clinically significant, low-grade, and no ROP groups. Conclusions We discovered plasma proteins with novel associations with clinically significant ROP (MnSOD, CRDL1, PCSK9), proteins with links to established ROP signaling pathways (IGFBP-7), and proteins such as MnSOD that may be a target for future therapeutic interventions.
Progress in nonpolar and semipolar GaN materials and devices

Devices grown on c-plane GaN suffer from large internal electric fields due to discontinuities in spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effects which cause charge separation between holes and electrons in quantum wells and limits the radiative recombination efficiency. Nonpolar GaN devices, such as in the m-plane (1100), are free from polarization related electric fields since the polar c-axis is parallel to any heterointerfaces. Semipolar GaN-based devices have reduced electric fields and in some cases, such as (1122), show a high propensity for Indium update for InGaN quantum wells.
Cold testing of conductive bridging random access memory for space applications

This paper investigates the reliability of off the shelf Conductive Bridging Random Access Memory (CBRAM) chips under exposure to cold temperatures. In comparison to electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or Flash memory, de-facto standards in spaceflight, CBRAM features radiation resistance, low power consumption, and high read and write speeds. In testing commercial grade and radiation resistant medical grade CBRAM chips, in biased (powered, actively used) and unbiased configurations, we show that: (a) unbiased chips exhibit no reading or writing errors after exposure to − 150°C; (b) nearly all (97%) of the 32 biased chips that were tested to − 50°C were still functional while (c) 75% of all 48 biased chips that were tested down to −75°C were functional. We detected no difference in performance between medical grade and non-medical grade chips, and every chip was fully functional once brought back to room temperature. With the ability to endure space radiation, operate on low power, and function with only minimal heating, CBRAM has potential as a memory solution on satellites or in space instruments.
A two-step dry process for Cs2SnI6 perovskite thin film

A two-step process for synthesizing stable Cs2SnI6 perovskite thin films is reported in this letter. The two-step process includes the co-evaporation of two precursors SnI2 and CsI onto a glass sub...
COUNSELOR EDUCATION IN TECHNICOLOR: RECRUITING GRADUATE STUDENTS OF COLOR

The dearth of ethnic diversity in the counseling field requires increased attention to strategies for recruiting graduate students of color. A case study of graduate students of color was conducted to identify factors that encouraged and discouraged them from pursuing careers in counseling. The participants in this study indicated that diversifying the counseling field, exposure to helping professionals, location of the graduate program, lack of student diversity, and program admissions requirements influenced their decision to pursue graduate degrees in counseling. Based on the findings of this study, implications for recruiting graduate students of color into counselor education programs include the need for graduate programs to demonstrate a commitment to diversity, increased clarity in admissions requirements, and providing students with guidance through the admissions process.
Defect-driven localization crossovers in MBE-grown La-doped SrSn O 3 films

Through systematic control of cation stoichiometry using a hybrid molecular beam epitaxy method, we show a crossover from weak to strong localization of electronic carriers in La-doped $\mathrm{SrSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films on $\mathrm{LaAl}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(001). We demonstrate that substrate-induced dislocations in these films can have a strong influence on the electron phase coherence length resulting in two-dimensional to three-dimensional weak localization crossover. We discuss the correlation between electronic transport, and defects associated with nonstoichiometry and dislocations.
How the gut inflames the joints.

A study by Pianta et al published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation provides new evidence that the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may involve molecular mimicry, one of the most venerable models for the aetiology of rheumatic disease.1 Molecular mimicry represents the development of cross-reactive B or T cell responses to a component of an infecting agent. As shown in this study, the agent in question may be a commensal in the gut microbiome rather than a bacterium or virus inducing clinical disease. While a violation of tolerance, molecular mimicry can occur due to the sharing of amino sequences by proteins from pathogen and host. If an immune response during infection goes awry, autoreactivity to the shared sequence can ensue. The most dramatic example of molecular mimicry is acute rheumatic fever (ARF), still a major problem worldwide. The scenario is now classic: within weeks of an infection with group A Streptococcus , usually pharyngitis, an inflammatory syndrome encompassing arthritis strikes a susceptible person. In ARF, the infection is obvious; the culprit bacterial antigen is the M protein.2 In a novel approach to finding molecular mimics, Pianta et al …
Toward an Adaptation-Based Approach to Resilience

Despite the well-established links between adversity and various social and health outcomes, there is also a counterpoint to these links: the large resilience literature. Some individuals thrive, or at least beat the odds, despite their high-risk backgrounds. This chapter explores the theory, practice, and implications of the adaptation-based approach to resilience in contrast to traditional approaches. Central to the adaptation-based approach is the specialization hypothesis in which harsh and unpredictable environments do not exclusively impair cognition but instead enhance problem-solving. Understanding the functional response to adversity is key to this approach. The more we understand these adaptations, the more effectively we can tailor education, policy, and interventions for children who grow up in harsh environments.
Vulnerabilities under the surface: tracking potential vulnerabilities by voiding warranties

This paper will describe a practical methodology for understanding the cyber risk of a digital asset. This research attempts to gain a greater understanding of the cyber risk posed by a hardware-based computer asset by considering it as a sum of its hardware and software-based subcomponents.
The Pediatric Disaster Mental Health Intervention: Meeting the Primary Care Special Needs of Children in the Aftermath of Disasters

Introduction:Effects of a disaster on a community’s mental health can persist after the physical effects of the event have passed. The pediatric population is often overrepresented in disasters and prone to serious mental health disorders based on their age and parental/community response. Pediatric primary healthcare providers require the psychosocial skills necessary to work in disaster zones and to care for children in disasters.Aim:Pediatric Disaster Mental Health Intervention (PDMHI) was initially developed in response to Superstorm Sandy’s impact on children and their families in New York City. The objective was to develop training for primary care providers in pediatric disaster mental healthcare and to study its impact on the trainees.Methods:A faculty of experts in pediatric mental health, psychiatry, psychology, and disaster preparedness was convened to develop curriculum. The faculty developed a four-hour intervention to equip healthcare providers with the skills and knowledge necessary to care for pediatric patients with mental health problems stemming from a disaster via evaluation, triage, intervention, and referral.Results:Three PDMHI training sessions were held. A total of 67 providers were trained. Of these, there were 31 pediatricians, 18 nurses, 8 social workers, 4 psychologists, 2 psychiatrists, and 4 others. Pre- and post-tests measured knowledge before and impact 3 months post-intervention. 62.5% of responding primary care providers made changes to their practice. 92% felt better equipped to identify, treat, and refer patients. 81% would be willing to work in a disaster zone and felt prepared to treat patients with disaster mental health issues.Discussion:PDMHI covers psychosocial responses to disasters from normal to mental health disorders. Participants gained tools for managing pediatric mental health issues in primary care. Study data showed an increase in the participants perceived knowledge and skills about pediatric disaster mental health, and willingness to participate in future disasters.
Oprah Winfrey at the Golden Globes: Using Epideictic Rhetoric to Celebrate an Alternative Vision for America

Oprah Winfrey currently occupies the role of one of the most influential women and effective African American philanthropists in history. Winfrey’s acceptance of the Cecil B. DeMille award at the 2018 Golden Globes provided her with a kairotic moment to address and amplify what has come to be known as the #MeToo movement, a global movement to end sexual harassment and assault. This paper analyzes Winfrey’s epideictic rhetoric and the alternative vision for America she creates during a time of political polarization. Beginning with an examination of the role of Winfrey’s situated and invented ethos in this example of epideictic rhetoric, the paper then examines Winfrey’s use of rhetorical figures in constructing her message of feminist empowerment and equity. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Winfrey’s effectiveness stems from the power of her humility to address the need felt by millions across the globe for an alternative, inclusive, just America.
Charity Streaming: Why Charity Organizations Use Live Streams for Fundraising

Charity streaming is a novel and increasingly popular form of fundraising where content creators stream content during a fixed period of time to raise money and awareness. Many charity streams involve people playing games for a prolonged period of time. In this study, we interviewed charity organizations about what this new form of fundraising means for them and how it is different from traditional fundraising efforts.
The association of mediastinal mass in the formation of thrombi in pediatric patients with non‐lymphoblastic lymphomas

Background Children diagnosed with cancer are at a significantly higher risk of developing a thrombotic event (TE) compared with the general population. The rarity of these events makes it difficult to discern the specific risk factors; however, age, sex, presence of central venous lines, inherited thrombophilia, and mediastinal mass may play a role. The primary aim of this study is to identify prognostic characteristics of children diagnosed with non-lymphoblastic lymphomas associated with a greater risk of developing a TE early on in their disease, with an increased focus on mediastinal mass characteristics. Methods Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with non-lymphoblastic lymphoma between 2004 and 2014 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Results TE occurred in 8.5% (n = 28/330) of individuals at a median of 21 days from the diagnosis of a non-lymphoblastic lymphoma, with 60% of TEs occurring within 30 days of diagnosis. Of the variables evaluated, only presence of a peripherally inserted central catheter (odds ratio [OR]: 3.14 [95% CI: 1.24-7.98; P = 0.02]) and degree of superior vena cava (SVC) compression of > 25% increased the odds of developing a TE (OR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.01-4.93; P = 0.048]). Conclusion Pediatric patients with non-lymphoblastic lymphoma are at increased risk of developing TEs. In contrast to previous studies, the presence of a mediastinal mass alone was not associated with a higher risk of TE, but individuals with a mediastinal mass with 25% or greater degree of SVC compression were more likely to develop a TE. This finding highlights a high-risk group of children who may benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation.
A STATISTICAL NOTE ON THE REDUNDANCY OF NINE STANDARD BAROREFLEX PARAMETERS

An accepted method for measuring the responsiveness of the carotid-cardiac baroreflex to arterial pressure changes is to artificially stimulate the baroreceptors in the neck with a pressurized neck chamber. Nine physiological responses to this type of stimulation are quantified and used as indicators of the baroreflex response function. Thirty male humans between the ages of 27 and 46 underwent the carotid-cardiac baroreflex test. The data for the nine response parameters were analyzed by principle component factor analysis. The results indicated that 92.5 percent of the total variance across all nine parameters could be explained in four dimensions. The first two dimensions reflected location points for R-R interval and carotid distending pressure, respectively. The third factor was composed of measures reflecting the gain (responsiveness) of the reflex. The fourth dimension was the ratio of baseline R-R interval to the maximal R-R interval response during simulated hypertension. The data suggest that the analysis of all nine baroreflex parameters is likely to be redundant and researchers should account for these redundancies either in their analyses or conclusions.
Integrating Behavioral, Economic, and Technical Insights to Address Algorithmic Bias: Challenges and Opportunities for IS Research

Many important decisions are increasingly being made with the help of information systems that use artificial intelligence and machine learning models. These computational models are designed to discover useful patterns from large amounts of data, which augment human capabilities to make decisions in various application domains. However, there are growing concerns regarding the ethics challenges that these augmented decision making (ADM) models are facing, most notably on the issue of “algorithmic bias”, where the models systematically produce less favorable (i.e., unfair) decisions for certain groups of people. In this paper, we argue that algorithmic bias is not just a technical problem, and its successful resolution requires deep insights into human behavior and economic incentives. We discuss a human-centric, fairness-aware ADM pipeline which highlights the strategic roles played by human decision makers. In each step of the ADM pipeline, we review the emerging literature on fairness-aware machine learning, and then discuss strategic decisions that humans need to make, such as selecting proper fairness objectives, interpreting machine learning model outputs, and recognizing fairness-induced tradeoffs and implications. Our discussion reveals a number of future research opportunities that are uniquely suitable for Information Systems researchers to pursue.
Capturing Digital News Innovation Research in Organizations, 1990–2018

Journalism scholars have acknowledged the importance of innovation in journalism. A common finding is that journalism has difficulty adapting to change and uses multiple coping mechanisms, includin...
The relevance of the dual systems model of self-control for age-related deceleration in offending variety among juvenile offenders

Abstract The dual systems model of self-control has been found to be relevant for explaining offending. However, there has yet to be any study of these constructs (risk-seeking and impulse control) as they relate to adjudicated youth. This study utilized data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a dataset comprising responses of 1354 juvenile offenders across 84 months. Age-curves for risk-seeking and impulse control were plotted to investigate developmental patterns of these constructs. Generalized estimation equations using negative binomial regression models were used to assess the relevance of these constructs for explaining offending and mediating the age-crime relationship. Results indicated that the development of these constructs differed from development observed among general population samples in past research. Both constructs exerted independent direct effects on offending. Both risk-seeking and impulse control significantly mediated the age-offending relationship. Implications are discussed.
Service Learning in an Undergraduate Volunteer Management Course: A Comprehensive Learning Outcome Assessment Model

This teaching note explores service learning in undergraduate nonprofit education and offers outcome measures in a volunteer management course. Service learning is an important element in undergraduate nonprofit education, because undergraduate students may not understand the significance of the sector and may not recognize a career path. Based on relevant literature, this model tracks the progression of student achievement of academic learning, civic learning, and personal growth from their service-learning experience. We propose an outcome model that is a replicable and comprehensive outcome assessment tool. The methods of survey, focus group, reflections, and assignments provide a range of possibilities to understand the impact of undergraduate nonprofit teaching strategies. This replicable model of outcome assessment allows students to transform their learning experience into real marketable skills for their resume. Subscribe to JNEL
Toward Mobile Malware Detection Through Convolutional Neural Networks

Traditional research on mobile malware detection has focused on approaches that rely on analyzing bytecode for uncovering malicious apps. Unfortunately, cybercriminals can bypass such methods by embedding malware directly in native machine code, making traditional methods inadequate. Another challenge that detection solutions face is scalability. The sheer number of malware released every year makes it difficult for solutions to efficiently scale their coverage. This letter presents an energy efficient solution that uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to defend against malware. We show that systematically converting native instructions from Android apps into images using Hilbert space-filling curves and entropy visualization techniques enable CNNs to reliably detect malicious apps with near ideal accuracy. We characterize popular CNN architectures that have been known to perform well on different computer vision tasks and evaluate their effectiveness against malware using an Android malware dataset.
An experimental study on different plasma actuator layouts for aircraft icing mitigation

Abstract An experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma (DBD) actuator layout on the plasma-induced thermal characteristics and evaluate their effectiveness for aircraft icing mitigation. The experimental investigation was performed in the Icing Research Tunnel of Iowa State University (i.e., ISU-IRT) with an airfoil/wing model embedded with an array of DBD plasma actuators around the airfoil leading edge. The plasma actuators were arranged in different layouts (e.g., orientation, number, and width of exposed electrodes) to evaluate their effects on the anti-icing performance under a typical glaze icing condition pertinent to aircraft inflight icing phenomena. While the dynamics ice accretion or anti-icing process over the airfoil surface before and after turning on the plasma actuators was recorded by using a high-resolution imaging system, a high-speed infrared thermal imaging system was used to quantitatively map the temperature distributions over the airfoil surface. The experimental results clearly reveal that, with the same power consumption level, the plasma actuators in streamwise layout would result in higher plasma-induced surface heating and faster runback of the unfrozen water over the airfoil surface, thereby, having a noticeably better anti-icing performance, in comparison to those in spanwise layout. The plasma actuators in streamwise layout were found to not only be able to prevent ice accretion near the airfoil leading edge, but also allow the plasma-induced surface heating to convect further downstream to delay/prevent the runback ice formation near the airfoil trailing edge. A proper combination of the plasma actuation strength and the plasma discharge coverage over the airfoil surface was found to result in the optimum performance for aircraft anti-icing applications.
Hurricane Irma impact on biophysical and biochemical features of canopy vegetation in the Santa Fe River Basin, Florida

Abstract Changes of biophysical and biochemical features in canopy cover over space and time can be used to elucidate watershed resilience to climate change or extreme weather. Geospatial technologies such as satellite remote sensing are helpful to identify such vegetation dynamics. This paper investigates the landfall impact of Hurricane Irma on canopy cover in the Santa Fe River Basin (Florida), which occurred in August 2017. Specifically, this study explores the effect of Hurricane Irma on vegetation dynamics via biophysical and biochemical features during the pre and post hurricane landfall. The geospatial analysis compares a suite of remote sensing spectral indices including enhanced vegetation index (EVI), leaf area index (LAI), fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (LST), and global vegetation moisture index (GVMI). It is noticeable that paired spectral indices such as EVI-LST, GVMI-LST, LAI-LST, EVI-GVMI, EVI-LAI, LAI-FPAR, EVI-FPAR, and LAI-GVMI reflecting the dependent relationships between biophysical and biochemical features reveal varying level of logistic trends under Irma landfall impact. In addition, the evolution of these biophysical and biochemical features associated with the vegetation cover was analyzed in terms of the functional capacity over grassland, evergreen forested land, deciduous forested land, and agricultural land, to understand watershed response following Irma landfall. The functional capacity of the ecosystem reduced in terms of EVI and LAI over these four land-over patterns due to the landfall of Hurricane Irma. The interactions between agricultural land variation and flooding impact before and after the hurricane landfall further entail human impact on natural system in a food-water nexus.
Consistent multimodality approach to oral cavity and high-risk oropharyngeal cancer in veterans.

Abstract Purpose High-risk oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) associated with tobacco exposure remains difficult to treat due to high rates of locoregional recurrence similar to oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Current NCCN guidelines allow for surgical management of this disease, but oncologic and functional data in the modern era remain scarce. We sought to compare and contrast oncologic and functional considerations for surgical management of OPSCC and OCSCC in a cohort of Veterans. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 2017 and 2020, treated using a homogenous, multi-modality algorithm. Results OPSCC tumors presented with a higher rate of perineural invasion (p Conclusion Surgical resection and free flap reconstruction of high-risk OPSCC generates oncologic outcomes comparable to OCSCC with comparable complication rates but a lower overall functional status. Reconstruction focused on rapid healing allows for high-rates of re-irradiation and minimal treatment delays. Level of evidence: level 4.
Abstract 4207: Comparison of 1st-Pass Myocardial Perfusion Imaging by 64-slice CT and by MRI

The purpose of this study was to compare the signal intensity (SI) and image characteristics of 1st-pass (FP) CT imaging vs. MR FP in an animal model of resting myocardial blood flow (MBF). Pigs (n=5) were scanned at rest using FP MRI perfusion imaging. Gd-DTPA was injected IV at 5cc/sec at 0.04mmol/kg. FP MR was acquired at 3T with 3 axial slices 3mm thick per R-R interval during bolus injection using a saturation recovery gradient echo sequence. ECG gated FP CT was performed immediately thereafter on a 64-slice scanner in axial mode with 10 2.5mm thick slices during bolus injection (5cc/sec) of 40% dilution of iopamidol 370. MBF was measured at rest using fluorescent microspheres between studies. SI was measured for baseline and peak myocardial enhancement phases. Contrast enhancement (CE)= (peak-baseline) SI/baseline SI X 100. Rest MBF was 0.60±0.15 ml/min/g. Temporal resolution was similar by technique but more slices were imaged by CT per R-R interval (10 vs 3) and spatial resolution was superior for FP CT. Image characteristics are shown in the table. Baseline (top) and peak enhancement (bottom) images for FP CT and MRI are shown in the figure. Results were similar when undiluted contrast was used for each modality. Despite similar absolute change in SI, CE during FP CT is markedly reduced compared to FP MR due to a more than 20-fold higher baseline SI of the myocardium.
The Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone on Liver Metabolites

Liver metabolites and in vitro enzyme activities were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats pair-fed the standard NIH diet with or without 0.6% (wt/wt) dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 16 d. Absorption of DHEA from the gut was confirmed by a 300-fold increase in urine 17-ketosteroids in DHEA-treated animals. Of the liver metabolites measured only 6-phosphogluconate was significantly changed, increasing by less than a factor of two in the DHEA-treated animals, 38.7 +/- 2.2 nmol/g, above the value in the pair-fed controls, 22.5 +/- 2.5 nmol/g. Contrary to the in vitro findings that DHEA inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), thus leading to the hypothesis that DHEA inhibits fat synthesis by diminishing the availability of NADPH, the [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratios calculated from the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) redox couples were no more oxidized in the DHEA-treated animals than in the control animals. Malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities were 620 and 25% higher in DHEA-treated animals than in pair-fed controls. There was no change in the measured activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. These data give no support to the hypothesis that administration of DHEA per os results in decreased cytoplasmic NADPH in liver.
No Guarantees: Lessons from the Property Rights Gained and Lost by Married Women in Two American Colonies

While our own history demonstrates long-term forward progress and expansion of women’s rights, it is also marked with periods of back-treading, and there is no absolute assurance that the rights women in the United States enjoy today will be present in the future. Rights of property, suffrage, and liberty are not guaranteed to last forever, and not just in places such as Iran and Afghanistan. Indeed, we are only a few generations removed from circumstances in which our own freedom was sharply curtailed, and they are under a continuing threat.
The TCS Rotating Magnetic Field FRC Current-Drive Experiment

Field-reversed configurations (FRCs) have extremely attractive reactor attributes because of their singly connected geometry. They have been created in theta-pinch devices, but being compact toroids and lacking a center hole, their toroidal current cannot be sustained by transformer action as in other toroidal configurations. A new device, the Translation, Confinement, and Sustainment (TCS) facility has been constructed to use rotating magnetic fields (RMFs) to build up and sustain the flux of hot FRCs formed by the normal theta-pinch method. RMF formation and sustainment of similar, but cold, pure poloidal field configurations have been demonstrated in devices called rotamaks, and RMF formation, but not sustainment, has been achieved in a smaller FRC facility called the Star Thrust Experiment (STX). Initial formation and sustainment have now been achieved in TCS, albeit still with cold (T{sub e} {approx} 50 eV) plasmas. Both the formation and final steady-state conditions are found to agree with newly developed analytic and numerical models for RMF flux buildup and sustainment inside a standard cylindrical flux conserver. The required plasma conditions (mainly resistivity but also density) can now be determined for the planned hot FRC, RMF flux buildup experiments and for eventual reactor conditions.
Channeling at the base of the lithosphere during the lateral flow of plume material beneath flow line hot spots

Chains of volcanic edifices lie along flow lines between plume-fed hot spots and the thin lithosphere at ridge axes. Discovery and Euterpe/Musicians Seamounts are two examples. An attractive hypothesis is that buoyant plume material flows along the base of the lithosphere perpendicular to isochrons. The plume material may conceivably flow in a broad front or flow within channels convectively eroded into the base to the lithosphere. A necessary but not sufficient condition for convective channeling is that the expected stagnant-lid heat flow for the maximum temperature of the plume material is comparable to the half-space surface heat flow of the oceanic lithosphere. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical calculations confirm this inference. A second criterion for significant convective erosion is that it needs to occur before the plume material thins by lateral spreading. Scaling relationships indicate spreading and convection are closely related. Mathematically, the Nusselt number (ratio of convective to conductive heat flow in the plume material) scales with the flux (volume per time per length of flow front) of the plume material. A blob of unconfined plume material thus spreads before the lithosphere thins much and evolves to a slowly spreading and slowly convecting warm region in equilibrium with conduction into the base of the overlying lithosphere. Three-dimensional calculations illustrate this long-lasting (and hence observable) state of plume material away from its plume source. A different flow domain occurs around a stationary hot plume that continuously supplies hot material. The plume convectively erodes the overlying lithosphere, trapping the plume material near its orifice. The region of lithosphere underlain by plume material grows toward the ridge axis and laterally by convective thinning of the lithosphere at its edges. The hottest plume material channels along flow lines. Geologically, the regions of lithosphere underlain by either warm or hot plume material are likely to extend laterally away from the volcanic edifices whether or not channeling occurs.
Feedback control of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

Proposes a finite-dimensional output feedback control algorithm for the stabilization of the zero solution of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, for any value of the instability parameter. The method is successfully tested through computer simulations.
Influence of Cooling Hole Geometry and Material Conductivity on the Thermal Response of Cooled Silicon Nitride Plate

To complement the effectiveness of ceramic materials and the applicability to turbine engine applications, a parametric study using the finite element method was carried out. This study conducted thorough analyses of a thermal-barrier-coated silicon nitride (Si3N4) plate specimen with cooling channels, where its thermal conductivity was verified in an attempt to minimize the thermal stresses and reach an optimal rate of stress. The thermal stress profile was generated for specimens with circular and square cooling channels. Lower stresses were reported for a higher magnitude of thermal conductivity and in particular for the circular cooling channel arrangement. Contour plots for the stresses and the temperature are presented and discussed.
Cellular therapies supplement: the role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and dendritic cells in regulatory T-cell homeostasis and expansion

Regulatory T cells are a subset of T cells with inhibitory function that are critical for protection against autoimmunity and immunopathology. A failure to maintain adequate regulatory T-cell numbers in the periphery results in autoimmune manifestations, highlighting the importance of the continuous maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells. The cellular and molecular requirements for regulatory T-cell homeostasis and expansion are not fully understood but involve a complex interplay among dendritic cells, conventional T cells, and regulatory T cells. In addition, soluble factors such as the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor may play a role in enhancing these interactions. In this review, we discuss our National Blood Foundation-funded studies relating to the role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and dendritic cells in controlling regulatory T-cell homeostasis and expansion.
Impairment of Latent Learning in the Rat by a Marihuana Component

NUMEROUS studies in both humans1–3 and animals4 indicate that marihuana and its chief psychoactive constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), may have disruptive effects on short term memory. It has been suggested, however, that the memory-disrupting qualities of marihuana in humans may actually be incidental to its effect on normal attentional processes5. Furthermore, interpretation of animal investigations in terms of drug-induced memory disruption may be difficult as Δ9-THC may alter appetitive motivation6. So it is unclear whether performance deficits are a consequence of impaired memory, attention, or motivation.
Educating the future mental health administrator

This paper identifies some of the recent trends related to serving the long-term mentally ill as well as the mental health needs of other segments of our society. Special attention is given to the challenges of managing mental health organizations in times of turbulence and its impact on managerial processes. The paper concludes with a set of lifelong learning strategies related to significant managerial transitions; from clinician to supervisor, from supervisor to program director, from program director to executive director.
Confronting task difficulty in ego involvement: Change in performance goals

Both Dweck (1986) and Nicholls (1984) proposed that when ego-involved individuals encounter difficulty, they would begin to doubt their level of ability, and as a consequence, their commitment to the goal of demonstrating high ability would decline. As difficulty continued, perceived ability would decline, and eventually the goal would be abandoned. In the present study, the authors tested these predictions utilizing a longitudinal experimental design to assess changes across time in students' perceived ability, achievement goals, performance, and affective reactions as they experienced differing levels of task difficulty in an ego-involving context. College students (N = 156) participated in 3 sessions, each 1 week apart, in which they were given ego-involving instructions and worked on "intelligence test" items. While the average level of difficulty of the session increased progressively in the experimental condition, it remained similar across sessions for the control condition. Results were generally supportive of the original predictions. As the difficulty of the items increased across sessions, students' perceived ability declined and so did their commitment to performance-approach goals, while their endorsement of work-avoidance goals increased. Also consistent with predictions, students experiencing increasing difficulty expressed stronger escapist thoughts, more negative affect, and less positive affect
The politics of water in rural China: a review of English-language scholarship

Politics is about access and power, and access to freshwater resources in rural China is complicated and understudied. China's massive size and diverse climate make it hard to generalize about freshwater resources in rural areas of the country. On balance, China is not water-scarce, yet geographic and temporal variations in water availability are dramatic, with China's driest areas receiving far less precipitation than the wettest areas. Rural areas are the locus of competition among freshwater users including agriculture, power companies, industry, households and ecosystems. Additionally, while peasants may hold usage rights (not title) to farmland, it is not a given that they will hold rights to water that will guarantee the productivity of that farmland in areas where precipitation is low. Finally, water quality is, unfortunately, an increasingly important factor affecting the availability of ‘fresh’ water, as is evident in the notion of quality-induced scarcity (shuizhixing queshui). This contribution...
Singularities of gradient vectorfields in R3

Let N be a neighborhood of (0, 0,O) in 9 3 and V = U + W a C’ function, I > k + 3, from N to 9, where U is a homogeneous polynomial of degree k + 1, and W vanishes together with all its derivatives through order k + 1 at 0. Let g be a smooth Riemannian metric on .R3 and let X = grad, V. If k = 1, then the critical point of V at 0 is non-degenerate if and only if U,, U,,, and U, vanish together only at (0, 0, 0), in which case the singularity of X at (0, 0,O) is hyperbolic. Then the Hartman-Grobman theorem implies that X is topologically equivalent near (0, 0,O) to its linear part; i.e., the topological equivalence class of X is determined by its first non-zc:o jet. We denote this X Xi. For k > 1, let X, denote the homogeneous polynomial vectorfield of degree k with the same k-jet at (0, 0,O) as X (Xk is the “homogeneous part” of X). Let x denote the vectorfield on a neighborhood of S2 x (0) in S* X .5? obtaining from X by polar blowing up. The main result is:
Long-term trends in near-surface flow over the Baltic

We report an analysis of trends in 850 hPa wind speed, as manifest in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis fields, over the Baltic region during the latter half of the 20th century. The results indicate that annual mean wind speeds over the Baltic significantly increased over the period 1953–99 with the majority of the increase being associated with increases in the upper quartile of the wind speed distribution. Accordingly, much of the change is focused on the winter season. The trends in annual and seasonal mean wind speeds are greatest in relative and absolute sense in the southwest of the Baltic basin, where they are in excess of 0.25 m s−1 per decade for the annual mean. The extremes of the wind-speed distribution also increased by up to 5 m s−1 over the study period for the wind speed with a 50 year return period, again with the largest magnitude changes in the southwestern Baltic. These changes in wind speed are strongly linked to changes in the synoptic-scale circulation. The majority of the increase in wintertime wind speeds is attributable to an increase in westerly anticyclonic, westerly cyclonic and northwesterly cyclonic circulation types as manifest in the Grosswetterlagen catalogue, which are in turn related to the recent prevalence of the positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Fabrication and characterization of fluorine-doped thin oxide thin films and nanorod arrays via spray pyrolysis

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films via intermittent spray pyrolysis utilizing a solution mixture of tin chloride pentahydrate and ammonia fluoride. Utilizing the same solution, nanorod arrays were fabricated via template-based growth. Uniform and crack-free FTO films over 20×20 mm with a thickness up to 900 nm have been routinely achieved; such FTO films demonstrate electrical resistivity as low as 2.2×10-4 Ω cm as well as good optical transparency ranging from 75 to 85%. In addition, FTO nanorods were fabricated using template-filling methods at a temperature of 440 °C. The nanorods have a diameter of ∼160–250 nm, appear to be comprised of small nanoparticles 5–10 nm in size, and have a resistivity value of 4×10-1 Ω cm.
CSEM Survey Design For Successful Imaging

A second less common approach (also described by Maurer et al.) examines data sensitivity with respect to model perturbations. A sensitivity display illustrates the zones in the subsurface that most affect a particular data value for a particular source and receiver location. Limitations of this approach include the need to model many measurement points. A modified sensitivity plot -the "data importance" function can also be used. This function expresses the influence of each data point on the final inversion result. Again, this is a lot of data to evaluate.