cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior of crayfish rhodopsin and metarhodopsin in digitonin: the 510 and 562 nm "visual pigments" are artifacts.

Abstract The visual pigment of the main rhabdom of the crayfish (P533) is unstable in digitonin. While slowly hydrolyzing to N -retinylidene opsin, a portion passes through a long-lived intermediate (P'505) with absorption similar to metarhodopsin but with the retinal still in the cis configuration. Crayfish metarhodopsin (M515) is similarly unstable in digitonin, and a portion converts to M'508 while bleaching slowly in the dark. Both P'505 and M'508 are light sensitive and bleach through an intermediate absorbing at still shorter wavelengths, M'460. The photobleaching of M'508 is likely a two-photon process, possibly involving P505 as an intermediate. The persistence of these altered forms of the pigment with λ max near 510 nm has compromised earlier efforts to analyze extracts of crayfish rhodopsin by partial bleaching. First, because of the incomplete decay of M515 (a portion of which lingers as M'508), the difference spectrum for a red light exposure followed by dark decay has λ max at 562 nm, but this difference spectrum does not describe a pigment. Because of the photosensitivity of M'508, a second bleaching exposure reveals the presence of a pigment with λ max near 510 nm, but it is not a visual pigment and it is not present in the extract initially.
Structural metals in the group I intron: a ribozyme with a multiple metal ion core

Metal ions play key roles in the folding and function for many structured RNAs, including group I introns. We determined the X-ray crystal structure of the Azoarcus bacterial group I intron in complex with its 5' and 3' exons. In addition to 222 nucleotides of RNA, the model includes 18 Mg(2+) and K(+) ions. Five of the metals bind within 12 A of the scissile phosphate and coordinate the majority of the oxygen atoms biochemically implicated in conserved metal-RNA interactions. The metals are buried deep within the structure and form a multiple metal ion core that is critical to group I intron structure and function. Eight metal ions bind in other conserved regions of the intron structure, and the remaining five interact with peripheral structural elements. Each of the 18 metals mediates tertiary interactions, facilitates local bends in the sugar-phosphate backbone or binds in the major groove of helices. The group I intron has a rich history of biochemical efforts aimed to identify RNA-metal ion interactions. The structural data are correlated to the biochemical results to further understand the role of metal ions in group I intron structure and function.
Pressure inactivation kinetics of Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 35669.

Abstract The survival curves of Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 35669 inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure were obtained at four pressure levels (300, 350, 400, and 450 MPa) in sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0) and four pressure levels (350, 400, 450, 500 MPa) in UHT whole milk. Tailing was observed in all the survival curves. A linear model and three nonlinear models were fitted to these data and the performances of these models were compared. The linear regression model for survival curves at four pressure levels had regression coefficients ( R 2 ) values of 0.785–0.962 and mean square error (MSE) of 0.265–0.893. A residual plot strongly suggested that a linear regression function was not appropriate as there was strong curvature in the plotted data. The nonlinear regression model using the log-logistic had R 2 values of 0.946–0.982 and MSE values of 0.110–0.320. The Weibull model had R 2 values of 0.944–0.975 and MSE values of 0.153–0.349. These results indicated that both were better models to describe the pressure inactivation kinetics of Y. enterocolitica in milk and buffer. Among the three nonlinear models studied, the modified Gompertz model produced the poorest fit to data. The number of parameters of the log-logistic model was reduced from four to two so that the model was greatly simplified. The reduced log-logistic model still produced a fit comparable to the full model. Since pressure had no significant effect on the shape factors of the Weibull model at the pressure levels of 300–400 MPa for buffer and 400–500 MPa for milk, models were developed to predict survival curves of Y. enterocolitica at pressures different from the experimental pressures.
Apical epithelial cap morphology and fibronectin gene expression in regenerating axolotl limbs.

Urodele amphibians (salaman- ders) are unique among adult vertebrates in their ability to regenerate limbs. The regener- ated structure is often indistinguishable from the developmentally produced original. Thus, the two processes by which the limb is produced — development and regeneration — are likely to use many conserved biochemical and develop- mental pathways. Some of these limb features are also likely to be conserved across vertebrate families. The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the developing amniote limb and the larger api- cal epithelial cap (AEC) of the regenerating urodele limb are both found at the limb's distal- most tip and have been suggested to be function- ally similar even though their morphology is quite different. Both structures are necessary for limb outgrowth. However, the AEC is uniformly smooth and thickly covers the entire limb-tip, unlike the AER, which is a protruding ridge cov- ering only the dorsoventral boundary. Previous data from our laboratory suggest the multilay- ered AEC may be subdivided into separate func- tional compartments. We used hematoxylin and eosin (H1E) staining as well as in situ hybridiza- tion to examine the basal layer of the AEC, the layer that lies immediately over the distal limb mesenchyme. In late-stage regenerates, this basal layer expresses fibronectin (FN) message very strongly in a stripe of cells along the dorso- ventral boundary. H1E staining also reveals the unique shape of basal cells in this area. The stripe of cells in the basal AEC also contains the notch/groove structure previously seen in avian and reptilian AERs. In addition, AEC expression of FN message in the cells around the groove correlates with previous amniote AER localiza- tion of FN protein inside the groove. The struc- tural and biochemical analyses presented here suggest that there is a specialized ridge-like com- partment in the basal AEC in late-stage regener- ates. The data also suggest that this compart- ment may be homologous to the AER of the developing amniote limb. Thus, the external dif- ferences between amniote limb development and urodele limb regeneration may be outweighed by internal similarities, which enable both pro- cesses to produce morphologically complete limbs. In addition, we propose that this basal layer of the AEC is uniquely responsible for AEC functions in regeneration, such as secreting mol- ecules to promote mesenchymal cell cycling and dictating the direction of limb outgrowth. Fi- nally, we include here a clarification of existing nomenclature to facilitate further discussion of the AEC and its basal layer. Dev Dyn 2000;217: 216 -224. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rapid Sampling of Individual Organic Aerosol Species in Ambient Air with the Photoionization Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Analytical methods developed to sample and characterize ambient organic aerosols often face the trade-off between long sampling times and the loss of detailed information regarding specific chemical species present. In the work presented here, high-time resolution ambient measurements (3.5 minutes) are achieved by using the Photoionization Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (PIAMS) in conjunction with the mini-Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (m-VACES). Aerosol sampling took place for one week at State of Delaware Air Quality Monitoring Site in Wilmington, Delaware in June 2006. The soft, universal ionization scheme of PIAMS allows for identification of various chemical compounds by a signature ion, often the molecular ion. Meteorological data was used to link some species, such as palmitic and oleic acid, to potential sources; whereas other compounds, like PAHs, have no significant wind dependence. Some classes, including n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids, are shown to be in abundance during late ni...
Pricing initiatives and development of the Korean power sector Policy lessons for developing countries

Abstract The ‘economic miracle’ in South Korea over the past three decades has been supported by a corresponding increase in electric generating capacity in a relatively short period of time, accomplished in a country with limited domestic energy resources and large commitments of capital to export-oriented industries. Capacity increased nearly twelvefold in a 12-year period during the formative stages of Korea's development from 1962 to 1973 and more than fiftyfold from 1962 to the present time. For capital- and energy-short developing countries, the Korean experience is a good example showing the contribution of pricing-related initiatives to the development of the power sector. Besides setting prices at a level sufficient to provide resources for the power sector, a number of initiatives designed to reduce the cost of electricity supply were implemented. More recently, implementation of time-of-day pricing and enactment of legislation aimed at improving the performance of public enterprises significantly contributed to the efficiency of the power system.
A Model-Based Non-Iterative Reconstruction Approach for Optical Tomography

A model-based non-iterative reconstruction approach is developed for optical tomography through a sparse representation for the inverse matrix. Source coding theory is used to efficiently pre-store the inverse matrix, thereby substantially improving computation speed.
THEORY AND CALCULATIONS OF ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS ON HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS

A recently published theory of electric field effects on electron spin resonance hyperfine couplings [Phys. Ref. Lett. 79, 379, (1997)] is extended to nuclear quadrupole coupling. With the use of the ab initio coupled Hartree–Fock approach and augmented Sadlej basis set, results are obtained for the first-order corrections to the isotropic and anisotropic parts of hyperfine coupling tensor and the electronic part of the electric field gradient tensor for 17O and 2H nuclei in OH radical. The first-order coefficients exhibit a number of interesting features. The calculated results, in general, appear to be insensitive to the bond-centered polarization functions used in the calculation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 771–778, 1998
Physiological responses of Gossypium hirsutum L. to infection by defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae Kleb

Abstract Stems of cotton plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Acala SJ-2) growing in the greenhouse and field were inoculated with conidial suspensions of T9 (defoliating) and SS4 (nondefoliating) pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. In the greenhouse, leaves of T9-inoculated plants had higher water potentials ( ψ 1 ) and relative water contents (RWC) than the healthy controls until the occurrence of defoliation about 10–12 days after inoculation. In contrast, ψ 1 and RWC decreased in SS4-inoculated plants about 6–8 days after inoculation. Increases in stomatal resistance (R 1 ) and proline concentration were associated with the development of water stress in leaves of SS4-inoculated plants. Proline accumulation in T9-inoculated plants was much less than in SS4-inoculated plants, but it occurred about 2–4 days earlier and was accompanied by an increase in free amino-nitrogen and a decrease in the chlorophyll content of leaves. Stomatal resistance in T9-inoculated plants increased about 2–4 days earlier and remained higher than that of SS4-inoculated plants until the occurrence of defoliation. The higher water status of T9-inoculated plants compared with healthy controls suggests that, in contrast to SS4-inoculated plants, accelerated senescence rather than water stress is the major effect of infection. Previous observations of enhanced ethylene production in cotton plants infected by the defoliating, T9 pathotype of V. dahliae were confirmed in the greenhouse. ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid) appeared to be an intermediate in the pathway for ethylene production in diseased cotton plants. In the field, midday ψ 1 of SS4-inoculated plants dropped rapidly about 5–8 days after inoculation, and the decrease in ψ 1 was accompanied by an increase of R 1 and proline concentration in leaf tissues. T9-inoculated plants had higher midday ψ 1 values than healthy plants up to the fourth day; however, by the eighth day after inoculation the ψ 1 of T9-inoculated plants had declined to about the same values as those of SS4-inoculated plants. Water stress in SS4-inoculated plants was associated with vascular dysfunction whereas water stress in T9-inoculated plants appeared to be associated more with accelerated senescence and defoliation.
Further study of growth of fractional-power semigroups

If the resolvent of a closed linear operator A in Banach space is defined and decays suitably in a region asymptotic, in a special sense, to a half-plane, then fractional powers −(−A)a generate semigroups, holomorphic in sectors of the complex plane. We show that the growth of such semigroups near the origin, or with angular approach to the edges of their sectors of definition, corresponds to the rate of decay of the resolvent of A and the extent of the resolvent set of A.
Energy conservation through industrial cogeneration

Abstract Combined generation of process steam and electric power in coal-fired industrial power plants is examined, and a rate of return on various investments of this type is estimated. The effect on these rates of return of a 20% investment tax credit is calculated, which appears to be slight. We note that positive incentives such as investment tax credits allow the firm to face lower energy prices and could result in more energy intensive operation at the level of the firm.
A multiloop robust controller design study using singular value gradients

A method for designing robust feedback controllers for multiloop systems is presented. Robustness is characterized in terms of the minimum singular value of the system return difference matrix at the plant input. Analytical gradients of the singular values with respect to design variables in the controller are derived. A cumulative measure of the singular values and their gradients with respect to the design variables are used with a numerical optimization technique to increase the system's robustness. Both unconstrained and constrained optimization techniques are evaluated. Numerical results are presented for a two-input/two-output drone flight control system.
The Dawn Of Open Heart Surgery: An Overview of the Symposium That Celebrated the 50th Anniversary of Controlled Cross Circulation

At the 50th Anniversary of Open Heart Surgery symposium sponsored by the Lillehei Heart Institute of the University of Minnesota in October 2004, the following pioneers in open heart surgery development presented papers of historical interest: Drs. Peter Agre, Robert W. Anderson, William Baumgartner, Alain Carpentier, Aldo Casteneda, Randolph Chitwood, Jr., Denton Cooley, Fred Crawford, Michael DeBakey, Richard DeWall, Vincent Gott, Claude Lenfant, Floyd Loop, James Holler, Glen Nelson, Norman Shumway, Manny Villafana, Richard Weisel, and Sir Magdi Yacoub.
Immuno-biological properties of chagastoxin (lipopolysaccharide).

Chagastoxin is a toxic fraction extracted with 88% phenol from virulent Trypanosoma cruzi. It is a white amorphous precipitate, insoluble in water, saline, alcohol, ether, acetone, acids and alkalis, unstable at room and refrigeration temperatures and in a 0·2% phenol suspension, but maintaining its potency when lyophilized. In doses of 25 to 200 μg. it induces partial protection of mice against T. cruzi; 500 μg. doses repeated on 16 occasions produce solid immunity. Massive doses activate latent chronic Chagas's disease to an actue, fatal infection; doses of less than 10 μg. fail to activate such an infection. Intradermal injection in infected and immunized rabbits gives rise to a reaction; in normal animals no such reaction is observed. The lethal dose in mice is 500 to 1000 μg. repeated on 4 successive days. In rabbits it gives rise to hyperpyrexia and leucocytosis. Microscopic examination of the tissues of mice which die of chagastoxin indicates that there is focal necrosis and round cell infiltration in the liver, the kidneys and the heart.
Dissolution of poly(p-hydroxystyrene): molecular weight effects

In the present study, dissolution rates of PPHS films were measured in aqueous base solvents and in 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) using laser interferometry. Molecular weights from 6,000 to 100,000 were employed. The films (0.5 to 2 micrometers thick) were spun on silicon wafers from MIBK solutions and baked 1 hour at 160 degree(s)C. The most striking feature of dissolution behavior is the peculiar way in which rate varies with molecular weight. Below a molecular weight of about 20,000, the rate decreases with molecular weight as one might expect. Above 30,000, the rate in aqueous base is much higher and seems to be almost independent of molecular weight. The behavior in MIBK, while more conventional, shows some of the same features. Another feature found with PPHS that is not usual with other polymers is a decrease in dissolution rate with increased thickness. Conventional wisdom would predict that retained solvents (after baking) in thick films would accelerate dissolution compared to thin films. Moreover, the interferograms for thick films show no pronounced change in dissolution rate as the film dissolves. Baking conditions and the pH of the aqueous base developer also affect the dissolution behavior.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The theological structure of christian faith and the feasibility of a global ecological ethic

Scientific evolutionary/ecological thinking is the basis for today's understanding that we are now in an ecological crisis. Religions, however, often resist reordering their thinking in light of scientific ideas, and this presents difficulties in trying to develop a viable global ecological ethic. In both the West and Asia religiomoral ecological concerns continue to be formulated largely in terms of traditional concepts rather than in more global terms, as scientific thinking about ecological matters might encourage them to do. The majority of this article is devoted to the kind of reformulation of Western Christian conceptions of God, humanity, and the relation between them that is necessary to address this problem. The question is then raised whether similar critical thinking about religiomoral issues raised by today's evolutionary/ecological scientific thinking is going on in Asian religions and whether it would be too presumptuous (in view of our colonial history) for us Westerners to ask for such rethinking. This leads to a final question: Without such transformations in religious traditions East and West, is the development of a truly global ecological ethic really feasible?.
The nature of behavior: Control as fact and theory

Failure to understand the nature of control has hindered efforts to apply control theory in the behavioral sciences. Control theory was developed to explain the phenomenon of control, which involves the production of consistent results in the face of environmental disturbance. Comparison of a quantitative description of the phenomenon of control with a physical analysis of behavior shows that the events referred to as behavior always involve control. The appearance of behavior as programmed output or response to stimulation is shown to be a consequence of ignoring two fundamental characteristics of control—reference states and disturbance resistance. The recognition of behavior as control requires a new approach to psychological research that emphasizes the discovery of controlled variables. This paper deals with living and non-living systems; the emphasis is on living systems at the individual (organism) level.
Modification of the surface area of platinum electrodes by the application of single pulses

Abstract The application of a pulse sequence to a platinum electrode at elevated temperatures leads to variation in the estimated surface roughness, as calculated from hydrogen-deposition or “oxygen-adsorption” measurements. These variations are brought about during the reduction of surface “oxygen”. Relatively rapid reduction causes an increase in roughness, whereas relatively slow reduction leads to a decrease in roughness. By use of the proper signal, it is possible to adjust the roughness factor of the surface to any value somewhat above 1.0 and below the values corresponding to platinum “blacks”.
BEHAVIORISM AND ALIEN LANGUAGES

Of the empiricist theories of language of our own day, the most favored is the behaviorist version; and of these, the best known and the most interesting is W.V. Quine's. If we could demonstrate the inadequacy of behaviorism to explain the acquisition and understanding of language, we should not of course have disqualified every form of empiricism in accounting for linguistic mastery that is, every theory that supposes only general intellectual abilities like memory and the capacity to associate ideas rather than some innate linguistic representation of all possible natural languages. ~ But, at the present time, there is no alternative empiricist account that is as articulate and as fully developed as the behaviorist.
Superior swelling properties of resins of poly-N-acrylyldialkylamines over polystyrene in solvents for peptide synthesis.

Three beaded poly-N-acrylyldialkylamine resins have been systematically compared with polystyrene-co-1%-divinylbenzene for their ability to interact with solvents that are useful in peptide synthesis. The three resins have the same cross-linking monomer, N,N1-bisacrylyl-1,2-diminoethane, and functionalizing monomer, N-acrylyl-1,6-diaminohexane hydrochloride. They differ from one another in the compositions of the base monomer, degree of cross-linking (DC), quantity of functionalizing monomer, or monomer dilution ratio (MDR, ratio of inert solvent to monomers by weight). Resin1is poly-N-acrylylpyrrolidine containing 0.75 mmol/g of amino function with DC 4.4 and MDR 4; resin2is poly-N-acrylyldimethylamine containing 0.75 mmol/g of amino function with DC 4.4 and MDR 4; resin3is poly-N-acrylyldimethylamine with DC 10 and MDR 6.8. Swelling was the property used as the measure of solvation in a given solvent for the macroscopically insoluble polymers. In their protonated or acylated forms resins 1—3 exhibit favorable swelling properties in methanol, ethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2-propanol, acetic acid, and water, solvents in which polystyrene either swells little or not at all. In addition, the resins swell in methylene chloride, chloroform and dimethylformamide, solvents commonly used in the Merrifield method of solid-phase peptide synthesis, to about the same extent as polystyrene. The favorable swelling properties of the poly-N-acrylyldialkylamine resins should not only allow the use of most of the techniques developed for the solid-phase method, but should allow the invention and application of new techniques that rely on aqueous or other polar solvents.
Design of piezoresistive-based MEMS sensor systems for precision microsystems

Abstract Piezoresistive sensing systems have characteristics that enable them to act as fine-resolution, high-speed force and displacement sensors within MEMS and other small-scale systems. High-performance piezoresistive sensing systems are often difficult to design due to tradeoffs between performance requirements, e.g. range, resolution, power, bandwidth, and footprint. Given the complexity of the tradeoffs, traditional approaches to system design have primarily focused upon optimizing a few, rather than all, elements of the sensing system. This approach leads to designs that underperform the sensors optimized range and resolution by as much as two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we present a general systems approach that enables rapid optimization of all elements via a model that incorporates the behavior, noise and sensitivity associated with each element of the sensing system. The model is presented in a manner that makes the underlying principles and application accessible to a broad community of designers. The utility of the model is demonstrated via an example wherein design parameters are altered to maximize dynamic range.
Atmospheric fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb on monthly time-scales and during rainfall events at Stony Brook, New York (USA)

The particle-reactive radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb have been employed extensively as tracers and chronometers for a variety of aquatic and terrestrial processes. Both radionuclides are delivered to the Earth's surface from the atmosphere, and in order to use them effectively as natural tracers, an understanding of variations in atmospheric fluxes of these radionuclides due to latitudinal differences and storm events is required. The monthly atmospheric fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb, measured from April-2008 to December-2009 at Stony Brook, NY, ranged from 67 to 385 Bq m−2 and 6.7 to 16.7 Bq m−2, respectively. Composite annual atmospheric fluxes over the sampling period were 3110 ± 1200 Bq m−2 y−1 for 7Be and 146 ± 50 Bq m−2 y−1 for 210Pb and were similar to geographically comparable sites. The monthly atmospheric fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb were significantly correlated with rainfall. The 7Be/210Pb ratio in the monthly samples varied seasonally, with values of ∼10–11 during the winter months and ∼20–28 during the spring – fall. The pattern of seasonal variation in 7Be fluxes and 7Be/210Pb ratios is most consistent with that observed in surface air at continental sites in which more frequent deep convective storms occur during the summer and therefore result in an increased transport of 7Be from the upper troposphere to the Earth's surface. An additional factor may be that the winds at Stony Brook were dominantly from the northwest during the winter of 2009 and so were characterized by low 7Be/210Pb ratios while in the spring, winds from the southwest brought marine air with higher 7Be/210Pb ratios to the sampling site. Fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb also were measured over two long (16–24 h) and two short (∼1 h) intense periods of rainfall in June and July 2009. Fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb continued throughout the short events, but the two radionuclides showed different patterns during the long events. While the entirety of the 210Pb flux accumulated during the first ∼1 h, 7Be continued to be accumulated over the course of both long events. The 7Be/210Pb ratio ranged from 20 to ∼300 during the events and, in general, was considerably greater than the ratios measured in the monthly samples. Radar image snapshots taken during the events show cloud heights of 7–10.5 km, and the 7Be/210Pb ratios measured in the precipitation are consistent with previous model estimates of 7Be/210Pb ratios in aerosols at altitudes of 5–10 km (latitude 40°N). The data suggest that 210Pb can be effectively stripped from the lower troposphere early in a rainfall event, but intense convective mixing and scavenging of 7Be from the upper troposphere results in a continuous flux of 7Be and elevated 7Be/210Pb ratios as the event progresses.
Photoemission study of glycine adsorption on Cu/Au(111) interfaces

Abstract The adsorption of glycine on Au(1 1 1) pre-deposited with different amounts of Cu was investigated with both conventional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron-based photoemission. In the Cu submonolayer range, glycine physically adsorbs on the Cu/Au(1 1 1) surfaces in its zwitterionic form ( NH 3 + CH 2 COO - ) and completely desorbs at 350 K. The C 1s, O 1s and N 1s core level binding energies monotonically increase with Cu coverage. This indicates that, in the Cu submonolayer range, the admetal is alloyed with Au rather than forming overlayers on the Au(1 1 1) substrate, consistent with our recent experimental and theoretical results [X. Zhao, P. Liu, J. Hrbek, J.A. Rodriguez, M. Perez, Surf. Sci. 592 (2005) 25]. Upon increasing the amount of deposited Cu over 1 ML, part of the glycine overlayer transforms from the zwitterionic form to the anionic form (NH2CH2COO−) and adsorbs chemically on the Cu/Au(1 1 1) surface with the N 1s binding energy shifted by −2.3 eV. When the amount of deposited Cu is at 3.0 or 6.0 ML, the intensity of the N 1s chemisorption peak increases with aging time at 300 K. It indicates that glycine adsorption induces Cu segregation from the subsurface region onto the top layer of the substrate. Judging from the initial N 1s peak intensities, it is concluded that 64% and 36% of the top layer are still occupied by Au atoms before glycine adsorption even when the amounts of deposited Cu are 3.0 and 6.0 ML, respectively. On the Au(1 1 1) surface pre-dosed with 6.0 ML of Cu, part of the chemisorbed glycine will desorb and part will decompose upon heating to 450–500 K. In addition, about 20% of the glycine exists in the neutral form when the glycine overlayer was dosed on Cu/Au(1 1 1) held at 100 K.
Comment on "Quantum effects on four-dimensional space-time symmetries"

It is noted that there is no anomaly in the Lorentz symmetry of charged chiral fermions.(AIP)
The Villain at the Center: Infrapolitical Borges

In "The Villain at the Center: Infrapolitical Borges," Alberto Moreiras revisits the Argentinian ideology of "emancipation of the fatherland" on the basis of a re-reading of Jorge Luis Borges's short-story "The Theme of the Traitor and the Hero." Moreiras begins by referring to Paul de Man's comment that Borges's essays were like PMLA essays. Moreiras suggests that, concerning essays, the more deceptive the more honest and less devious they are; and, therefore, the less devious the more devious. He then considers this notion as he surveys recent work on "The Theme of the Traitor and the Hero" by Josefina Ludmer, Enrique Pezzoni, and Raul Antelo. Moreiras proposes an alternative political reading of Borges as a writer of the infrapolitical, that is, a writer of poetic finitude against ideology where a reading of "Theme of the Traitor and the Hero" shows us the excess of the popular, a movement towards historical truth that coincides with the movement of the poetic drive towards its furthest limit, towards the truth of the social in its overwhelming immanence. Thus, Borges's literature, in its apathetic practice, is an infrapolitical literature against the biopolitical rapture of politics. Alberto Moreiras, "The Villain at the Center: Infrapolitical Borges" page 2 of 12 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 4.2 (2002):
Inadequacies of absolute threshold levels for diagnosing prediabetes

Prediabetes comprising Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) represents an intermediate stage of altered glucose metabolism between normal glucose levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There is considerable evidence that glucose levels lower than those meeting the current definition of prediabetes may also be associated with similar risks particularly in high-risk individuals. Prediabetes is often unrecognized and therefore constitutes a major public health concern suggesting the need for earlier intervention than is currently recommended.
Computer-Assisted Image Analysis of Plant Growth, Thigmomorphogenesis, and Gravitropism

A nonintrusive auxonometric system, based on the DARWIN image processor (Telewski et al. 1983 Plant Physiol 72: 177-181), is described and demonstrated in the analysis of gravitropism and thigmomorphogenesis in corn seedlings (Zea mays). Using this system, growth and bending of regularly shaped plants or organs can be quickly and accurately measured without, in any way, interfering with the plant. Furthermore, the growth and bending curves are automatically plotted. Thigmomorphogenesis in the aerial part of corn seedlings involves growth promotion at a low force load and growth retardation at higher force loads. The time courses of the two kinds of response are somewhat different, with retardation occurring immediately after mechanical perturbation and growth promotion taking somewhat longer to begin. Gravitropic experiments show that when dark-grown corn seedlings are placed on their side in the light, the resulting curvature is due to two consecutive morphological mechanisms. In the first instance, lasting for about 15 minutes, the elongation of the bottom edge of the plant accelerates, while the elongation of the top edge remains constant. After that, for the next 1.75 hours, the elongation of the top edge decelerates and stops while that of the bottom edge remains constant at the increased rate for most of the period. The measurements taken from both experiments at relatively high resolution (0.08-0.1 millimeter) show that the growth curves are not smooth but show many small irregularities which may or may not involve micronutations.
On the lateral buckling of uniform slender cantilever beams

Abstract The general lateral buckling equation is developed for a uniform, slender cantilever beam with a load applied at the shear center of the end cross section. This equation is then specialized to include only the first order effect of the principal bending curvature revealing errors in previous first order analyses. These errors resulted from a failure to properly distinguish between the geometric and elastic angles of twist. The correct specialized equation is actually simpler than previously published equations and results in a buckling load formula noticeably different from formulas based on these earlier equations. This present buckling load formula is shown to compare favorably with a numerical solution of the general equation.
Phenomenological model of nuclear primary air showers

The development of proton primary air showers is described in terms of a model based on a hadron core plus an electromagnetic cascade. The muon component is neglected. The model uses three parameters: a rate at which hadron core energy is converted into electromagnetic cascade energy and a two-parameter sea-level shower-age function. By assuming an interaction length for the primary nucleus, the model is extended to nuclear primaries. Both models are applied over the energy range from 10 to the 13th power to 10 to the 21st power eV. Both models describe the size and age structure (neglecting muons) from a depth of 342 to 2052 g/sq cm.
Influence of cyclic frequency on strain localization and cyclic deformation in fatigue

Abstract To explore the stability of typical, fatigue, dislocation structures when subjected to cycling with different frequencies, polycrystalline copper has been subjected to single- and multiblock tests under constant loading, but different frequencies of 0.5, 2 and 8 Hz. The stresses employed ranged from 68 to 110 MPa, sufficient to cover the regimes of loop patches, persistent slip bands and cells. Interesting frequency effects have been revealed for both saturation behavior and cyclic plasticity following saturation. Frequency affects the degree of strain localization and influences the resistance of certain dislocation structures to plastic deformation, for which interpretations are offered in terms of secondary dislocation behavior.
Variation tolerant sensing scheme of spin-transfer torque memory for yield improvement

Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) demonstrated great potentials as an universal memory for its fast access speed, zero standby power, excellent scalability and simplicity of cell structure. However, large process variations of both magnetic tunneling junction and CMOS process severely limit the yield of STT-RAM chips and prevent the massive production from happening. In this paper, we analyze the impacts of process variations on various sensing schemes of STT-RAM. Based on our analysis, we propose a novel voltage-driven non-destructive self-reference sensing scheme (VDRS) to enhance the STT-RAM chip yield by significantly improving sense margin. Monte-Carlo simulations of a 16Kb STT-RAM array shows that VDRS can achieve the same yield as the previous non-destructive self-reference sensing scheme while improving the sense margin by 5.16 times with the similar access performance and power.
Liquid tumors in the elderly.

This article reviews background and treatment of liquid tumors in the elderly, including prognosis and therapeutic regimens.
Some forecasting applications of partially adaptive estimators of ARIMA models

Abstract This paper investigates the relative forecasting performance of some partially adaptive estimators of ARIMA models based on flexible parametric error distributions which allow for kurtosis and skewness. These methods are used to obtain forecasts of some well-known data sets.
Transformation of metabolism with age and lifestyle in Antarctic seals: a case study of systems biology approach to cross-species microarray experiment

Background The metabolic transformation that changes Weddell seal pups born on land into aquatic animals is not only interesting for the study of general biology, but it also provides a model for the acquired and congenital muscle disorders which are associated with oxygen metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, the analysis of gene expression in seals is hampered by the lack of specific microarrays and the very limited annotation of known Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) genes.
Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5

Metabolic syndrome is a group of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities that increase an individual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that mice genetically deficient in Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a component of the innate immune system that is expressed in the gut mucosa and that helps defend against infection, exhibit hyperphagia and develop hallmark features of metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and increased adiposity. These metabolic changes correlated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and transfer of the gut microbiota from TLR5-deficient mice to wild-type germ-free mice conferred many features of metabolic syndrome to the recipients. Food restriction prevented obesity, but not insulin resistance, in the TLR5-deficient mice. These results support the emerging view that the gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease and suggest that malfunction of the innate immune system may promote the development of metabolic syndrome.
Asymmetric rules for claims problems without homogeneity

Abstract We introduce a general class of rules for claims problems, called the difference rules , and demonstrate that a rule satisfies composition down and composition up if and only if it is a difference rule. We show that these rules are very simple to describe when there are two agents. In a variable population framework, we introduce a family of rules satisfying consistency , composition down , and composition up , which we term the logarithmic-proportional rules . These rules satisfy neither symmetry nor homogeneity .
WATER AND SOLUTE FLUXES ACROSS ISOLATED RABBIT ILEUM: MODEL OF ILEAL BLADDER

Metabolic complications such as salt and water overload often follow uretero-sigmoid diversion in children. These problems occur less with uretero-ileal conduits, but external appliances and loss of continence affect quality of life. A continent ileal bladder has theoretical advantages, but has not been studied. We designed an animal model of salt and water transport in 2 types of ileal urinary diversion. Ten cm loops of ileum were exteriorized in rabbits. A hypertonic urine-like solution (NaCl 10gm/L; urea 30gm/L; KH2PO4 1.6gm/L; 840mOsm/L) labeled with phenol red was infused into the loops under conditions of 1)constant perfusion at 0.5ml/min (ileal conduit model) and 2) 2 & 4 hour dwell periods of 17ml within the loops (ileal bladder model). Net fluxes of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water were calculated for both models, as were changes in osmolarity and urea content. Net secretion of water (0.011±0.002(ml) (cm−1) (min−1) and Na+ (0.32± 0.2 (uEq) (cm−1) (min−1) into the loop occurred in both models, with variable small fluxes of K+ and chloride. Sodium secretion was significantly greater in the bladder model than in the conduit. No significant difference in flux between 2 & 4 hour dwell periods was noted. We conclude that there is no net salt and water absorption in this model of an ileal bladder, and the frequency of emptying the bladder need be no more than every 4 hours. A continent ileal bladder may therefore be feasible in children requiring diversion.
Scheduling TSS/360 for responsiveness

The performance of Release 4 of TSS/360 at the T. J. Watson Research Center was dramatically improved in the three-month period from November, 1969, through January, 1970. The improvements consist of an increase in system responsiveness by a substantial factor together with an increase in throughput. This was achieved by methodically adjusting the parameters of the TSS/360 Table-Driven Scheduler in accordance with the Principles of Balanced Core Time and Working Set Size.
Implications of Psychometric Measurement for Neuropsychological Interpretation

The purpose of this study is to examine the implications of various less-examined psychometric issues in the interpretation of neuropsychological data. Using a dataset of 4371 independent functioning and community-dwelling individuals who underwent neuropsychological evaluations, it was demonstrated that many common measures are not normally distributed. Non-normalized data can lead to erroneously pathological conclusions, particularly on the lower end of negatively skewed distributions. Another issue involves scatter. In line with previous studies, the current study found that approximately 67% of the 4371 participants showed discrepancies of three or more standard deviations between their highest and lowest test scores on 21 measures. However, in contradiction to the existing literature, in the current study mean scatter levels were relatively stable across increasing levels of intelligence. It is argued that this is due to regression to the mean. As an individual moves away from the population average in either direction, scores on other measures will regress from that person's IQ score toward the population mean. The lower a test correlates with IQ, the greater will be the regression toward the mean. Therefore the test battery in question must be considered during the interpretation process, in addition to the individual's premorbid IQ.
Dating and Relationship Psychoeducational Group for Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction: A Historical Account of an Initial Clinical Course

Numerous studies have examined sexual functioning among persons with paraplegia and quadriplegia. None have detailed a group skill model teaching social skills in the areas of dating and intimate relationships and little in the literature has focused on this important aspect of sexuality. A psychoeducational group for individuals with spinal cord injury/dysfunction (SCI/D) was developed to address social, dating, and relationship skills, as well as improve self-efficacy, confidence and quality of life. Seven male veterans with SCI/D, age 32–51, participated in a 12-week psychoeducational social skills training group that met weekly for 60 min. Sessions were structured to focus on one theme or set of skills, and homework was given at the end of each session. Participants answered pre and post questionnaires about their general well-being, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and social skills in general and specific to dating and relationships. A 12-week follow-up session reviewed the constructs. All participants reported positive experiences in the group and improvement in targeted areas. A detailed outline of session topics, exercises and handouts are presented as well as pre and post feedback on functioning, knowledge and attitudes among group participants.
Role of Pulmonary Angiography in Carcinoma of the Lung

This paper is to familiarize the angiographer with the scope and goals to be achieved by pulmonary angiography in bronchogenic carcinoma suspects. One hundred one patients with proved bronchogenic carcinoma were studied by pulmonary angiography and mediastinoscopy. The complementary nature of these two modalities is stressed. Of 23 patients operated on with negative pulmonary angiogram and mediastinoscopy, the carcinomas of 21 were resectable. Pulmonary angiography is safe, informative, and when positive, gives a graphic representation of central tumor involvement.
Static, Dynamic and Buckling Formulation of a Symmetrically Laminated Plate Finite Element for a Microcomputer:

The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple yet efficient formulation for a sym metrically laminated composite plate finite element and to adopt some highly efficient numerical algorithms using stand-alone desktop microcomputers for structural analysis and design. It is also the purpose to further develop the numerical procedures for a pre viously developed beam element and to further test it on examples.
Chinese restaurant syndrome: A review

CRS is a benign, self-limited process that has an excellent prognosis for immediate and rapid recovery. While questions remain about exactly who is susceptible, how much MSG is needed, and even whether MSG is the sole etiologic agent, there appears to be little reason to embark on an extensive workup and treatment regimen with a presumptive diagnosis of MSG intoxication. Rather, knowledge of CRS and recognition of its associated signs and symptoms and its clinical course are important.
Asthma and its relation to smoking behavior and cessation motives among adult daily smokers

Despite the negative effects of smoking on lung functioning and overall health, smoking is more prevalent among individuals with asthma compared to those without asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive ability of asthma diagnosis in terms of smoking behavior and reasons for quitting. Participants were 251 regular daily smokers: 125 smokers with self-reported, physician-diagnosed asthma and 126 smokers without asthma. Asthma diagnosis significantly predicted age of regular smoking onset, number of quit attempts, and reasons for quitting related to self-control suggesting that smokers with asthma may have more difficulty quitting and unique reasons for quitting.
Hypercoagulable states and lower limb ischemia in young adults

This study prospectively evaluates hypercoagulable states in patients under 51 years of age undergoing lower extremity revascularization for ischemia and assesses early outcome after operation. Twenty patients whose ages range from 23 to 50 years (mean 40.8 years) were identified prospectively who underwent lower extremity revascularization and evaluation of hypercoagulability. Fifteen patients were male (75%), 10 were black (50%), six had hypertension (30%), and four were diabetic (20%). All but two were cigarette smokers (90%). Seven aortoiliac procedures and 13 infrainguinal procedures were performed. Six patients had one or more abnormalities of regulatory proteins (protein S deficiency, four; protein C deficiency, three; presence of lupus-like anticoagulant, three; plasminogen deficiency, two). Eight of 17 patients in whom platelet aggregation profiles were obtained showed increased reactivity (47%). Only 4 of 17 patients (24%) were normal when tested for all parameters. Arterial or graft thrombosis developed in four of the 20 patients within 30 days after operation. Hypercoagulability was found in all four patients whose revascularizations failed. A high incidence of hypercoagulable states was found in patients under 51 years of age with lower limb ischemia requiring revascularization. Hypercoagulability may have contributed to early postoperative thrombosis of the vascular procedure.
A new approach to portfolio theory

Abstract The differential geometry of families of distributions is used to develop a Riemannian geometric approach to portfolio theory. The geometry of Arrow-Debreu securities is seen to be that of the sphere.