cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EUS rendezvous for pancreatic stent placement during endoscopic snare ampullectomy

1. Brown CY, Walsh GC. Fatal bile embolism following liver biopsy. Ann In-tern Med 1952;36:1529-33.2. Clemens M, Wittrin G. Bilha¨mie und ha¨mobilie nach Reitunfall, Vortag166. Hamburg: Tagung Nordwestdeutscher Chirurgen; 1975.3. Sandblom P, Jakobsson B, Lindgren H, et al. Fatal bilhemia. Surgery2000;127:354-7.4. Glaser K, Wetscher G, Pointner R, et al. Traumatic bilhemia. Surgery1994;116:24-7.5. Lee D, Chitturi S, Kench J, et al. Transjugular liver biopsy effectingchanges in clinical management. Aust Radiol 2003;47:117-20.Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of InternalMedicine (O.M.B.), Department of Radiology (S.S.), Department ofPathology (J.W.), University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College ofMedicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.Reprint requests: William Silverman, MD, Division ofGastroenterology-Hepatology, 200 Hawkins Dr, 4553 JCP,Iowa City, IA 52242.Copyright a 2007 by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy0016-5107/$32.00doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.01.027
The economics of precision land leveling: A case study from Pakistan☆

Abstract This paper identifies the economic and physical benefits attributable to precision land leveling. While the work is specific to Pakistan the implications are relevant for other arid areas of the world where irrigation is practiced. Two sets of fields were selected, one set that had been precision leveled and another set that had been leveled using traditional techniques. These fields were resurveyed and then the farmers were interviewed every month during the winter crop season. Cutting samples were taken on all the fields during harvest. The average yield of the precision leveled fields was 2274.7 kg/ha and the yield for traditional leveled was 1681.1 kg/ha. This difference is significant at the 0.001 level. In addition the mean time to irrigate a hectare field was 2.79 h for precision leveled and 5.24 h for traditional leveled. Again this is significantly different at the 0.001 level. The change yield attributable solely to precision land leveling was calculated by regression analysis at 246.1 kg/ha per 3 cm change in max—min range. The remaining difference in yields was attributable to increased use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the precision leveled fields over the traditional leveled fields. The economic analysis of precision and leveling, assuming a life of 10 years, is positive but not above the two or three to one return that is usually required to persuade subsistent farmers to invest in a new technology. However, the precision land leveling acts as a catalyst and increases the efficiency of the other associated inputs and hence is a more valuable investment than is indicated by simple economic analysis.
Information Security: New Threats or Familiar Problems?

Although attack vectors on data and telecommunications infrastructures have changed in the past 40 years, attack types remain eerily similar. Perhaps the focus should be less on computers and networks and more on the threat itself.
Two new structured intermediates in the oxidative folding of RNase A

Two new three-disulfide intermediates have been found to be populated in the oxidative folding pathway of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A at a low temperature (15‡C). These intermediates, des-(26^84) and des-(58^110), possess all but one of the four native disulfide bonds and have a stable tertiary structure, similar to the two previously observed intermediates, des-(65^72) and des-(40^95). While the latter two des species each lack one surface-exposed disulfide bond, the newly discovered intermediates each lack one buried disulfide bond. The possible involvement of these species in the rate-determining steps during the oxidative folding of RNase A is discussed and a specific role for such species during oxidative folding is suggested. z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Self-Ownership and the Right of Property

In this essay I seek to advance the philosophical defense of private property, i.e., of private holdings of extra-personal objects.1 The defense proposed vindicates holdings as matters of rights. I argue that each person has a natural right to the practice of priv?t? property which consists in a right that all others abide by a system of rules under which individuals may peacefully acquire, transform, and otherwise exercise exclusive and discre tionary control over extra-personal objects. There are no natural rights to specific extra-personal objects or to any share of such objects. Rather, par ticular entitlements to extra-personal holdings arise through the perfor mance of those actions designated as entitlement-conferring by the system of rules to which individuals have natural rights. As individuals are bound to comply with the rules constituting the practice of private property, they are bound to respect the particular entitlements that arise within that prac tice.2 I attempt to show how the natural right of property and, in turn, the specific entitlements to holdings that arise under the institutionalization of that right fit within an overall account of the natural rights of individuals. My argument in this essay, like all moral argument about property, does not stand on its own. Rather, it rests on more basic philosophical considera tions?in this case, on a foundational argument for natural rights only a sketch of which can be presented here. I shall proceed in the following manner. First, I shall outline the main contentions of those more basic philosophical inquiries. Second, I shall in troduce, motivate, and characterize a rights-based version of classical liberalism, which I shall then simply refer to as classical liberalism. This classical liberalism, in essence, combines a doctrine of self-ownership with an endorsement of entitlement-conferring procedures which sanction the division of the extra-personal world into private domains. While the self ownership component is presented as a consequence of the philosophical in quiries described in section I, at this early stage of exposition, the sanction ing of the division of the extra-personal world into private domains is presented simply as a natural extension or concomitant of the self ownership component. Third, I shall characterize Act theories of private
Structure of the TMJ as viewed on the pantomograph

Abstract The value of pantomography for visualizing the forms of the TMJ and the position of the condyle is dependent on placing the TMJ accurately in the zone of sharpness. 1. Oblique projection is best for showing the medial and lateral cortices of the mandibular condyle, TMJ space, and articular surfaces. 2. Profile projection is best for demonstrating the posterior and anterior cortices of the mandibular condyle, condyle-fossa relationship, and the position of the mandibular condyle. 3. Image discrepancies are easily detected when the usual radiographic features of the TM J are not shown. A TMJ positioned too far in front of the zone of sharpness is shortened and slightly blurred, while the TMJ positioned too far behind the zone is elongated and severely blurred.
Investigations into the Common Ion Effect

The molecular origins of the common ion effect and the salting out of nonpolar molecules from aqueous solutions are investigated. Thermodynamic stability criteria for a common ion mixture in a polar solvent are derived. Kirkwood–Buff statistical thermodynamics is used to make the connection with the microscopic pair correlation functions. The observed sensitivity of the compositional stability with respect to ionic strength indicates that a demixing transition is the primary cause of the instability for the common ion effect for our model Lennard‐Jones plus Coulomb Hamiltonian.
Properties of the vacuum. 2. Electrodynamic

Abstract The behaviour of a charged scalar field in an external electric field is discussed. Vacuum polarization is calculated by explicit summation of modes. Instabilities encountered in the external field approximation are absent when back reaction effects are included through a self-consistent semiclassical procedure.
Exploration of plasticizer and plastic explosive detection and differentiation with serum albumin cross-reactive arrays

Plastic explosives, such as Semtex and C4, are commonly used explosive mixtures. The differentiation and detection of the plasticizers within these mixtures could provide information for anti-terrorism and combat activities. In this study, we demonstrate a strategy of using cross-reactive serum albumin proteins to differentiate and detect the plasticizers found within these explosive mixtures. With our sensing ensemble, comprised of serum albumins, fluorescent indicators and an additive, we successfully classified the five plasticizers found within Semtex and C4 using linear discriminate analysis, and differentiated simulated Semtex and C4 mixtures based on surrogates of the explosive material(s) and the plasticizer composition in these samples. Finally, we have shown the utility of this type of cross-reactive array for real life use in a battlefield setting by examining these mixtures in the presence of soil contamination.
Fabrication of FORTIS

The Johns Hopkins University sounding rocket group is building the Far-ultraviolet Off Rowland-circle Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (FORTIS), which is a Gregorian telescope with rulings on the secondary mirror. FORTIS will be launched on a sounding rocket from White Sand Missile Range to study the relationship between Lyman alpha escape and the local gas-to-dust ratio in star forming galaxies with non-zero redshifts. It is designed to acquire images of a 30' x 30' field and provide fully redundant "on-the-fly" spectral acquisition of 43 separate targets in the field with a bandpass of 900 - 1800 Angstroms. FORTIS is an enabling scientific and technical activity for future cutting edge far- and near-uv survey missions seeking to: search for Lyman continuum radiation leaking from star forming galaxies, determine the epoch of He II reionization and characterize baryon acoustic oscillations using the Lyman forest. In addition to the high efficiency "two bounce" dual-order spectro-telescope design, FORTIS incorporates a number of innovative technologies including: an image dissecting microshutter array developed by GSFC; a large area (~ 45 mm x 170 mm) microchannel plate detector with central imaging and "outrigger" spectral channels provided by Sensor Sciences; and an autonomous targeting microprocessor incorporating commercially available field programable gate arrays. We discuss progress to date in developing our pathfinder instrument.
Transformation of hamster cells in vitro by 1-β-d arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and hydroxyurea

Abstract The transformation of hamster embryo cells by three inhibitors of DNA synthesis, 1 -β- d -arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5 -fluorodeoxyuridine and hydroxyurea was studied. It was found that transformation was the predictable outcome of a 24-hr exposure to these inhibitors. Dose and time response to 1 -β- d -arabinofuranosylcytosine was also investigated and transformation was observed after only 1 hr exposure to the drug. Transformation was verified in all experiments by tumour production, and tumours arose in all animals injected. A correlation between the extent of inhibition of DNA synthesis and transformation appears to exist. It was also shown that the simultaneous addition of a hundred-fold excess of 2 ′-deoxycytidine was effective in preventing transformation by 1 -β- d -arabinofuranosylcytosine. This system has several advantages over others used to investigate chemical carcinogenesis and transformation and cytotoxicity could be separated.
D2 antagonist during development decreases anxiety and infanticidal behavior in adult female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

On postnatal day 8, prairie vole pups were randomly assigned a treatment of 1 mg/kg SKF38393 (D1 agonist), quinpirole (D2 agonist), SCH23390 (D1 antagonist), eticlopride (D2 antagonist), or saline vehicle. As adults, females treated with eticlopride exhibited reduced anxiety-like behavior in an elevated plus maze and a reduction in infanticidal behavior. These behavioral effects were not seen in males. These data demonstrate that a single exposure to a D2 antagonist during development can have persistent, sex-specific effects on behavior into adulthood.
Aspergillus terreus accessory conidia are multinucleated, hyperpolarizing structures that display differential dectin staining and can induce heightened inflammatory responses in a pulmonary model of aspergillosis.

In addition to phialidic conidia (PC), A. terreus produces accessory conidia (AC) both in vitro and in vivo. AC are distinct from PC in cell surface architecture, with the AC surfaces displaying more β-glucan, a molecule that can be a trigger for the induction of inflammatory responses. The present study follows β-glucan cell surface presentation throughout the course of germination of both types of conidia, and analyzes the differential capacity of AC and PC to elicit immune responses. Results show that AC display early, increased dectin-1 labeling on their cell surfaces compared to PC, and this differential dectin-1 labeling is sustained on the cell surface from the time of breaking dormancy through early germ tube emergence. Mouse alveolar macrophages showed a stronger inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response when challenged with AC than with PC in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments, correlating with the greater exposure of β-glucan exhibited by AC. Further, histopathologic staining of the lungs from...
Control of embedded longitudinal vortices using a wall jet

Abstract A wall jet is used to alter and control the structural characteristics of streamwise vortices embedded in turbulent boundary layers developing in zero pressure gradients. Results from four different vortex/wall jet configurations show that the most significant alterations to vortex structure are obtained with the jet opposing the vortex downwash and the ratio of vortex circulation to injection velocity times hole diameter, S, less than about 1.0. As the blowing ratio (ratio of injectant mass flux to freestream mass flux) increases from 0 to 4.8 in this situation, measurements 41.9 hole diameters downstream from the injection site show that circulation decreases from 0.15 to 0.05 m2/s, average vortex core radius increases from 0.89 to 2.2 cm, and the vortex moves 3 cm in the spanwise direction toward the jet centerline. The most dramatic alterations to vortex structure occur as the blowing ratio increases from 2.1 to 3.0 and consist of reductions to streamwise vorticity magnitudes, convection of jet and freestream fluid into vortex core regions, enlargement of vortex cross sections, and changes to vortex cross-sectional shapes.
Rare Anatomic Location of a Papillary Fibroelastoma

A rare anatomic location of a fibroelastoma arising form the edge of the right atrial wall near the atrioventricular node and the base of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is presented. Complete surgical excision remains the goal with a precise and careful technique to ensure conduction integrity.
Asymmetric dependencies in processing phonetic features.

A series of four experiments investigated the nature of the dependency relation that exists during the processing of the phonetic features of place and manner of articulation. A speeded classification paradigm was used in which listeners’ classification times along these two dimensions were measured under three conditions of variation along the nontarget dimension: (1) no variation, (2) correlated variation, and (3) orthogonal variation. In all four studies, a mutual but asymmetric pattern of interference was found in the orthogonal conditions, in which the magnitude of the interference effect was greater when place of articulation was the target dimension than when manner was the target dimension. In addition, the discriminability of the manner values did not affect the pattern of interference effects. The results were discussed in terms of a concurrent-contingent model of parallel processing wherein it was assumed that feature decisions along either dimension are affected by feature value along the other dimension, but that decisions about place of articulation are more dependent on manner information than manner decisions are on place information.
Multicenter open-label sertraline study in adolescent outpatients with major depression.

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this multicenter outpatient study was to assess the therapeutic benefits, response patterns, and safety of sertraline in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). Method Fifty-three adolescent outpatients with MDD were treated in an open-label, 10-week, acute-phase trial with sertraline and, if responders, for an additional 12-week continuation phase. Diagnostic and response assessments included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS), 17-item K-SADS-derived depression severity score, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Clinical Global Impression Scale. Results By 2 weeks, when analyzed as continuous variables, all severity scores showed significant differences from baseline. This pattern persisted through 10 weeks, with a significantly greater response occurring when treatment was extended from 6 to 10 weeks. Both clinician- and patient-rated improvement was maintained during continuation treatment. Response rates varied considerably when depression rating scales were analyzed categorically. Sertraline was generally well tolerated and did not induce manic symptoms. Conclusions: In open treatment of adolescent MDD with sertraline, significant improvement occurred early on and was maintained for 22 weeks. Absolute response rates varied depending on the rating scales used, definition of response, and length of treatment. Maximal response rates were obtained by clinician-defined ratings after 10 weeks of treatment.
Wheelchair Lifts in Public Transportation

This paper provides an overview of a simulation project undertaken to provide data concerning the addition of wheelchair lifts to public buses on routes in the metropolitan Houston area. One bus route without lifts is researched and a computer model is constructed and validated to behave in a manner comparable to the real system. The validated model is then modified to add wheelchair lifts and experiments are performed to determine the schedule and incidental effects of the lift addition. The experiments consist of varying the percent of population expected to demand the lift and special seating areas on the modified buses. In general the effect of adding the lift to this single bus model is to sharply lower the probability that the bus will be early at scheduled stops and to increase the probability that the bus will be late at the scheduled stops. These probabilities vary in response to lift demanding population changes. Data for the lift-requiring passengers that will be unable to board on demand due t...
Numerical simulations of thermosolutal instability during directional solidification of a binary alloy

Abstract A finite element model is used for the study of thermosolutal convection in binary alloys during vertical directional solidification under the assumption of a planar undeformable interface with constant growth velocity. The fluid region is modeled as a two-dimensional viscous incompressible flow that satisfies the Boussinesq approximation, coupled with two convective-diffusion equations for thermal and solute transport. Results obtained for the case of an infinitely wide layer of fluid, assuming that the flow is cyclic in that direction, are in excellent agreement with previously calculated ones and give the first independent verification of the results. Calculations for a finite layer of fluid, bounded by solid adiabatic vertical walls, are also performed, and the results discussed.
An expression cloning method to identify monomeric GTP-binding proteins by GTP overlay.

Abstract We have developed a method for identifying monomeric GTP-binding proteins that is based on probing plasmid expression libraries with [α-32P]GTP. The method involves the production of nitrocellulose replica filter lifts from a plasmid cDNA expression library and treatment of the filters with chloroform vapor to lyse theEscherichia coliand to denature and inactivate endogenousE. coliGTP-binding proteins, thus allowing the direct identification of cDNA clones which encode Ras-like small GTP-binding proteins by ligand blotting. Using this procedure we have cloned a series of small Ras-like GTP-binding proteins from human retina. The method relies on a functional test, ligand specificity of the expressed proteins, to identify candidate molecules. This results in the isolation of predominantly full-length cDNA clones without relying on DNA sequence similarity. Thus, this method may be particularly useful for the cloning of novel Ras-related GTP-binding proteins which share limited sequence similarity with previously identified members of the Ras superfamily.
Training and Evaluating Team Process Skills in the Commercial Aviation Environment

The majority of aviation incidents and accidents are attributable to human error (Billings & Reynard, 1984). Most of these human errors involve the ineffective use of team process factors, which are often referred to as Crew Resource Management (CRM) skills in the commercial aviation literature (Helmreich & Foushee, in press). In addition to these applied concerns, a revised version of McGrath's (1964) theory of group performance (Foushee & Helmreich, 1988) suggests that one must analyze the process (i.e., team process) by which a group's inputs (e.g., personality, attitudes) are transformed into group outcomes (e.g., task performance, mission safety) in order to understand how a task-oriented group functions. Therefore, team process attracts theoretical as well as practical interest. The NASA/UT/FAA Line/LOS Checklist (LLC: Helmreich, Wilhelm, Kello, Taggart, & Butler 1991) is one measure of team process that has proven useful in assessing CRM skills in training and in actual Line operations. This paper ...
Neuroimaging markers of hemorrhagic risk with stroke reperfusion therapy.

Objective: We sought to identify pretreatment neuroimaging markers associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A literature review using available online medical literature databases was performed to identify noninvasive imaging markers correlated with ICH after reperfusion therapy. Key words, including different neuroimaging modalities such as noncontrast CT, multimodal CT, and MRI techniques, were queried. The review included randomized, controlled trials, post hoc studies, and institutional registries. Studies of IV as well as intra-arterial reperfusion therapies were considered. Articles were organized on the basis of imaging modality and type of treatment. Each imaging modality was given 1 of 3 grades for consideration of use in clinical practice (grade 1: a modality whose use for hemorrhage prediction is supported by randomized controlled trials or post hoc studies from prospective trials; grade 2: a modality that is largely available but requires further prospective validation; and grade 3: a modality which is rarely used and has limited clinical utility). Results: Grade 1 imaging modalities included the size of infarction as seen on noncontrast CT or diffusion MRI. Higher hemorrhagic risk has been seen with larger infarctions, suggesting that these imaging modalities may be effective screening tests to exclude specific patients. Perfusion imaging using CT or MRI was considered to have a grade 2 recommendation, pending further validation. The use of xenon CT, radionuclide imaging, voxel-based MRI analysis, and blood–brain barrier disruption imaging still require further design improvements (grade 3). Conclusions: Future reperfusion trials require clearly defined protocols for imaging and determination of symptomatic ICH. Future trials may consider the use of perfusion imaging and the inclusion of patients without large territorial infarctions to accurately predict those at risk for ICH with reperfusion therapy.
Endothelium: from cellophane to orchestral maestro

Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were first cultured nearly four decades ago, initiating explosive growth in research in vascular biology and leading to major insights into angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and tumor biology. Recent studies now promise to open new horizons in regenerative medicine as well as organ engineering.
Reduction of intrinsic stress in cubic boron nitride films

Several techniques reported to be effective for the preparation of thin films of cubic phase boron nitride (c-BN) are reviewed. In order to maintain integrity and adhesion for such films at a useful thickness, it is critical to minimize their intrinsic stress. A method is detailed for stress reduction by MeV ion irradiation following the deposition of c-BN films. Based on these successful processes, a new method is proposed, in which the production of stress-reducing atom displacements is achieved during ion-assisted c-BN deposition, by concurrent bombardment of the growing film with energetic ions, typically at keV energies.
Broadband Imaging With Combinations Of Holographic And Conventional Lenses

Broadband imaging systems that contain holographic lenses can be lightweight and have large apertures. We report a Fresnel diffraction analysis of an imaging system that consists of three lenses of arbitrary dispersion. A general solution is obtained for the wavelength dependence of the lenses to simultaneously correct the imaging system for both longitudinal and lateral paraxial chromatic aberration. As a special case, we describe an optical system that uses holographic lenses to produce a well-corrected image in broadband light. Experiments are reported that demonstrate system performance in both laser and broadband illumination.
NPMc+ cooperates with Flt3/ITD mutations to cause acute leukemia recapitulating human disease.

Cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc + ) mutations and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ( FLT3 ) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations are two of the most common known molecular alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); they frequently occur together, suggesting cooperative leukemogenesis. To explore the specific relationship between NPMc+ and FLT3/ITD in vivo, we crossed Flt3/ITD knock-in mice with transgenic NPMc+ mice. Mice with both mutations develop a transplantable leukemia of either myeloid or lymphoid lineage, definitively demonstrating cooperation between Flt3/ITD and NPMc+. In mice with myeloid leukemia, functionally significant loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type Flt3 allele is common, similar to what is observed in human FLT3/ITD+ AML, providing further in vivo evidence of the importance of loss of wild-type FLT3 in leukemic initiation and progression. Additionally, in vitro clonogenic assays reveal that the combination of Flt3/ITD and NPMc+ mutations causes a profound monocytic expansion, in excess of that seen with either mutation alone consistent with the predominance of myelomonocytic phenotype in human FLT3/ITD+/NPMc+ AML. This in vivo model of Flt3/ITD+/NPMc+ leukemia closely recapitulates human disease and will therefore serve as a tool for the investigation of the biology of this common disease entity.
OBSERVATION OF COHERENT TRANSIENTS BY USE OF CURRENT SWITCHING OF A SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE LASER

We have observed optical free induction decay on the 3H6(1)→3H4(1) transition of Tm3+ ions in LaF3, using an external-cavity diode laser. The diode-laser frequency was switched by the application of a current step, and the resulting transient was detected by heterodyne beating with the laser at its new frequency. This provides a simple new way to measure coherent transients. The beat note shows a frequency chirp that gives a real-time measure of the diode-laser frequency. This result is attributed to changes in the laser lattice temperature on the microsecond time scale.
Southern Two-Lined Salamander Diets in Urban and Forested Streams in Western Georgia

Abstract Streams are heavily affected by watershed urbanization as increased stormwater runoff changes their physical and chemical composition. Benthic macroinvertebrate species richness has been consistently shown to decline with urbanization. Conversely, biomass of macroinvertebrates can increase with urban development. We examined the effect of such shifts in macroinvertebrate assemblages on the diet of larval Eurycea cirrigera (Southern Two-lined Salamanders). Salamanders have been documented to decrease in diversity in urban habitats; however, Southern Two-lined Salamander larvae which persist in urban streams (at lower densities) tend to grow larger than larvae in forested streams. Diet may play a role in these diversity and growth trends. We examined prey consumed by larval salamanders during spring, summer, and winter seasons across urban and forested watersheds. Prey diversity in salamander digestive tracts peaked during summer. We found Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae to be the most common prey it...
3:5-dinitro-4-methyl-benzazide as a reagent for the identification of phenols†

Thirty-three crystalline urethanes were prepared by the condensation of the new reagent, 3:5-dinitro-4-methyl-benzazide, in boiling ligroin solution with various phenols. The very high yields of the 3:5-dinitro-4-methylphenyl-urethanes obtained from the reaction and the excellent properties of these derivatives, indicated that 3:5-dinitro-4-methyl-benzazide is an excellent micro-reagent for the identification of phenols.
Effect of trapping on the critical voltage for degradation in GaN high electron mobility transistors

We have performed V DS = 0 V and OFF-state step-stress experiments on GaN-on-Si and GaN-on-SiC high electron mobility transistors under UV illumination and in the dark. We have found that for both stress conditions, UV illumination decreases the critical voltage for the onset of degradation in gate current in GaN-on-Si HEMTs in a pronounced way, but no such decrease is observed on SiC. This difference is attributed to UV-induced electron detrapping, which results in an increase in the electric field and, through the inverse piezoelectric effect, in the mechanical stress in the AlGaN barrier of the device. Due to the large number of traps in GaN-on-Si, this effect is clearer and more prominent than in GaN-on-SiC, which contains fewer traps in the fresh state.
PC program for comparing two regression lines over a specified finite interval.

Abstract A method due to Tsutakawa and Hewett (Biometrics 34 (1978) 391–398) for comparing two regression lines over a specified, finite interval has been implemented. We describe and illustrate the procedure and program, and make the latter available to interested readers.
What Accounts for Chinese-American Children's High Academic Performance: A Literature Review Of Parental Influences And Home Environment:

The Asian population is one of the largest linguistically and culturally diverse groups in the United States. The 2000 Census indicated a total population of 281.4 million. Of that total 11.9 million, or 4.2%, were reported to be Asian. The Chinese population (not including Taiwanese) represented 2,734,841, or 23% of the total Asian population, and can be classified as a minority group. It has been noteworthy that Chinese-American students excel in school in the United States (Huntsinger et al., 2000; Huntsinger, Larson, & Krieg, 1998; Stevenson et al., 1990; Tsai, 1992). Therefore, Chinese-Americans are often called the “model minority“ today in the United States (Huntsinger et al, 2000; Lee, 2002; Louie, 2001; Siu, 1992, 1996a; Stevenson et al, 1990; Tsai, 1992). The school success of Chinese-American gifted and talented children has been studied and explained. For example, Zhang and Carrascjuillo (1995) stated that immigrant Chinese parents are renowned for their willingness to sacrifice for the sake o...
Metformin Beyond Diabetes: Pleiotropic Benefits of Metformin in Attenuation of Atherosclerosis

Background Clinical studies show that metformin attenuates all‐cause mortality and myocardial infarction compared with other medications for type 2 diabetes, even at similar glycemic levels. However, there is paucity of data in the euglycemic state on the vasculoprotective effects of metformin. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of metformin on ameliorating atherosclerosis. Methods and Results Using ApoE−/− C57BL/6J mice, we found that metformin attenuates atherosclerosis and vascular senescence in mice fed a high‐fat diet and prevents the upregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by a high‐fat diet in the aortas of mice. Thus, considering the known deleterious effects of angiotensin II mediated by angiotensin II type 1 receptor, the vascular benefits of metformin may be mediated, at least in part, by angiotensin II type 1 receptor downregulation. Moreover, we found that metformin can cause weight loss without hypoglycemia. We also found that metformin increases the antioxidant superoxide dismutase‐1. Conclusion Pleiotropic effects of metformin ameliorate atherosclerosis and vascular senescence.
Implication of the lymphocyte-specific nuclear body protein Sp140 in an innate response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

The viral infectivity factor (Vif) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizes an unidentified antiviral pathway that occurs only in nonpermissive (NP) cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human lymphocyte cDNA library, we identified several potential Vif partners. One, the nuclear body protein Sp140, was found specifically in all NP cells (n = 12 cell lines tested; P ≤ 0.001), and HIV-1 infection induced its partial dispersal from nuclear bodies into cytosolic colocalization with Vif. Our results implicate Sp140 in a response to HIV-1 that may be related to or coordinated with the pathway that inactivates HIV-1 lacking vif.
Aberrant Heating: A Problem in Regional Hyperthermia

A 180 cell block model of man has been used to compute the pattern of energy deposition when radio-frequency applicators are used for treatment of cancer by hyperthermia. When the abdomen is exposed with polarization parallel to the length of the body at frequencies from 10 to 60 MHz, approximately 60-70 percent of the total energy is deposited outside of the abdomen. This fraction is increased to as much as 90 percent at several resonances which occur between 100 and 500 MHz. The local rates of energy deposition in the arms, neck, chest, and thighs often exceed that in the abdomen. The pattern of this aberrant heating is dependent upon the positions of the arms and legs. Aberrant heating appears to be much less pronounced for treatment of the thigh or upper arm than it is for treatment of the abdomen.
A Macintosh-based multi-energy data acquisition system for gamma cameras

A multienergy data acquisition system based on the Macintosh II computer and a commercial ADC (analog-to-digital converter) subsystem has been developed to allow the application of sophisticated Compton-scatter correction procedures. The system has been interfaced with a GE 400AT SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) camera system, and preliminary testing has shown that the system will perform well enough to allow evaluation of various Compton-scatter correction methods in SPECT imaging. The system digitizes position and energy signals from the camera to 12 b, bins the data into images, and transfers the data via an Ethernet interface to an extensive computer network for reconstruction and analysis. The system provides gantry control signals for tomographic acquisition. Although the present count rate capability is rather limited, it is nevertheless a flexible, inexpensive acquisition platform capable of acquiring the multienergy data required to develop improved scatter correction methods. >
Frequency limitations of active filters using operational amplifiers

There are many active RC networks that implement the low-pass filter characteristic. It has been the common practice to compare these networks with regard to passive element sensitivities while assuming the amplifier to be ideal. Such an assumption gives results that disagree with experimental observations, particularly when the pole magnitudes are large. This paper characterizes the amplifier by a one-pole rolloff model and discusses the ensuing limitations on four widely used low-pass realizations. The amplifier's open-loop gain-bandwidth product is used as a parameter to generate complex-pole loci that graphically display the effect of the nonideal amplifier. The expression of the slope of these curves at the nominal pole positions is derived and first-order estimates for the resulting changes in the \omega_{0} and Q of the poles are given. These expressions can be used to determine the upper bound on the frequency \omega_{0} that these networks can effectively realize. Experimental results agree with the predicted changes. The methods have also been applied to high-pass, bandpass, band-reject, and other realizations.
Evaluating Systematic Error Predictions in a Routine Procedural Task

Systematic errors in routine procedural tasks present an important problem for psychologists who study interactions between humans and technological systems. This paper details an experiment designed to examine systematic error patterns and evaluate error predictions made by a notable psychological theory and industry-standard usability tools when performing multiple routine procedural tasks on a single highly visual interface. Participants completed three dynamic, computer-based routine procedural tasks involving execution of multiple steps. Differences were found in error frequencies at particular steps between the three tasks, a result that is consistent with predictions derived from Altmann and Trafton's (2002) activation-based model of memory for goals, but contrary to those of usability guidelines. Error patterns were reminiscent of several familiar types of systematic error.
The nasogastric tube syndrome

The nasogastric tube can produce sudden, life-threatening bilateral vocal cord paralysis and is often an unrecognized cause of this clinical entity. The pathophysiologic mechanism is thought to be paresis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles secondary to ulceration and infection over the posterior lamina of the cricoid. Since our initial report of this entity in 1981, several cases have been photo-documented. Study of whole organ sections of an involved larynx have demonstrated the histopathology. Diabetic renal transplant patients appear to be particularly susceptible to the condition, due to prolonged gastroparesis and requirement for nasogastric tube drainage. Esophagoscopy should be performed promptly in these patients when pharyngodynia, hoarseness, or evolving stridor present in the postoperative period.
Kinetic effects of toluene blending on the extinction limit of n-decane diffusion flames

Abstract The impact of toluene addition in n-decane on OH concentrations, maximum heat release rates, and extinction limits were studied experimentally and computationally by using counterflow diffusion flames with laser induced fluorescence imaging. Sensitivity analyses of kinetic path ways and species transport on flame extinction were also conducted. The results showed that the extinction strain rate of n-decane/toluene/nitrogen flames decreased significantly with an increase of toluene addition and depended linearly on the maximum OH concentration. It was revealed that the maximum OH concentration, which depends on the fuel H/C ratio, can be used as an index of the radical pool and chemical heat release rate, since it plays a significant role on the heat production via the reaction with other species, such as CO, H2, and HCO. Experimental results further demonstrated that toluene addition in n-decane dramatically reduced the peak OH concentration via H abstraction reactions and accelerated flame extinction via kinetic coupling between toluene and n-decane mechanisms. Comparisons between experiments and simulations revealed that the current toluene mechanism significantly over-predicts the radical destruction rate, leading to under-prediction of extinction limits and OH concentrations, especially caused by the uncertainty of the H abstraction reaction from toluene, which rate coefficient has a difference by a factor of 5 in the tested toluene models. In addition, sensitivity analysis of diffusive transport showed that in addition to n-decane and toluene, the transport of OH and H also considerably affects the extinction limit. A reduced linear correlation between the extinction limits of n-decane/toluene blended fuels and the H/C ratio as well as the mean fuel molecular weight was obtained. The results suggest that an explicit prediction of the extinction limits of aromatic and alkane blended fuels can be established by using H/C ratio (or radical index) and the mean fuel molecular weight which represent the rates of radical production and the fuel transport, respectively.
Polymerization of p‐isopropenylstyrene

p-Isopropenylstyrene was synthesized and its polymerization characteristics are essentially the same as those of divinylbenzene. A soluble prepolymer can be separated from polymerization in a solvent having chain transfer properties but polymerization in bulk or in an inert solvent gives crosslinked infusible polymer.
The Policing of Race Mixing: The Place of Biopower within the History of Racisms

In this paper I investigate a largely untold chapter in the history of race thinking in Northern Europe and North America: the transition from the form of racism that was used to justify a race-based system of slavery to the medicalising racism which called for segregation, apartheid, eugenics, and, eventually, sterilization and the holocaust. In constructing this history I will employ the notion of biopower introduced by Michel Foucault. Foucault’s account of biopower has received a great deal of attention recently, but because what he actually has to say about race tends to be vague and radically incomplete, many race theorists have been critical of his contribution. However, even if the account of the holocaust in terms of biopower is incomplete, there is still a great deal to be learned from Foucault’s identification of this biologizing, or medicalising racism.
Building a High-Quality Mobile Telemedicine System using Network Striping over Dissimilar Wireless Wide Area Networks

This paper describes an approach to building a high-quality mobile telemedicine system that overcomes the limitations of individual public wireless data networks. Public wireless data channels do not have the capacity to handle the high-bandwidth video needed for applications such as remote evaluation of trauma and stroke patients. Network striping allows us to aggregate multiple physical channels to meet the bandwidth requirements for the video. We have developed flexible network-striping software middleware, and are building a telemedicine system using that middleware. Our approach uses existing communications infrastructure and conventional-off-the-shelf components, making the system easy to deploy
Semi-supervised Methods for Biomedical Hedge Classification

We introduce an EM based approach to biomedical hedge classification that can used as a standalone classifier or as an extension to Medlock and Briscoe's weakly supervised learning approach. We compare active learning and transductive learning to weakly supervised learning. We also introduce a support vector machine based feature selection method. An effective and computationally efficient stopping criterion and an adaptive batch size adjustment algorithm are our further contributions resulting in significant performance improvements over baseline.
A Microcomputer-based Control System for a Three-Joint Robot Arm

This detailed investigation of the operating system and control program for a small model robot teaches lessons that the student can later apply in industry.
Hybrid Crowd-Machine Methods as Alternatives to Pooling and Expert Judgments

Pooling is a document sampling strategy commonly used to collect relevance judgments when multiple retrieval/ranking algorithms are involved. A fixed number of top ranking documents from each algorithm form a pool. Traditionally, expensive experts judge the pool of documents for relevance. We propose and test two hybrid algorithms as alternatives that reduce assessment costs and are effective. The machine part selects documents to judge from the full set of retrieved documents. The human part uses inexpensive crowd workers to make judgments. We present a clustered and a non-clustered approach for document selection and two experiments testing our algorithms. The first is designed to be statistically robust, controlling for variations across crowd workers, collections, domains and topics. The second is designed along natural lines and investigates more topics. Our results demonstrate high quality can be achieved and at low cost. Moreover, this can be done by judging far fewer documents than with pooling. Precision, recall, F-scores and LAM are very strong, indicating that our algorithms with crowd sourcing offer viable alternatives to collecting judgments via pooling with expert assessments.
Teraflop FPGA Design

User requirements for signal processing have increased in line with, or greater than, the increase in FPGA resources and capability. Many current signal processing algorithms require floating point, especially for military applications such as radar. Also, the increasing system complexity of these designs necessitate increased designer productivity, and floating point allows an easier implementation of the system model than the fixed point arithmetic that FPGA devices have been traditionally architected for. This article will review devices and methods for achieving consistent high performance system implementations in floating point. Single device designs at over 200 GFLOPs at the 40nm node, and approaching 1 Teraflop at 28nm will be described.