cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thoughts of harming infants in depressed and nondepressed mothers.

Abstract Background : Thoughts of harming the infant and other disturbing cognitions are frequently described in anecdotal reports on postpartum depression. These cognitions have not been examined empirically. Methods : 100 clinically depressed mothers with a child under 3 years were evaluated and compared to a control group of 46 nondepressed mothers. Results : 41% of depressed mothers compared to 7% of control mothers admitted to thoughts of harming their infant. Fear of being alone with the infant and inability to care for the infant were assessed only in depressed mothers and occurred less frequently. More than half of depressed mothers had problems in one of these three areas. Conclusions : Thoughts of harming the infant are common in depressed mothers. Demographic variables, psychosocial stressors and psychiatric variables do not help predict which mothers are likely to experience thoughts of harm or fear of being alone with the infant. These cognitive and affective disturbances may be one pathway by which maternal depression affects infants. Limitations : The control group was not given the full diagnostic interview. Consequently, the groups were not selected by identical procedures. Also fear of being alone with the infant and difficulty caring for the infant were not assessed in the control group.
A single-stage, liquid-phase dimethyl ether synthesis process from syngas. I, Dual catalytic activity and process feasibility

ABSTRACT A novel process for manufacturing dimethyl ether (DME) from CO-rich syngas in a single stage has been developed. This novel approach was based on the application of dual catalysis in the liquid phase process, in which two functionally different catalysts are slurried in the inert mineral oil. The experimental reaction rate studies for methanol and dimethyl ether synthesis were conducted in a three-phase, mechanically agitated slurry reactor. The effects of catalyst ratio, temperature, and pressure on the dual catalytic activity were studied. The experimental data bear additional significance because this is the first study of such kind to be conducted on the liquid phase methanol synthesis process.
Signs and voices : Joining a conversation in progress

This commentary joins a conversation between Ryle and Leiman, which represents a larger conversation among theories of psychotherapy, semiotics and linguistics. The emerging collaborative understanding involves viewing people not as separate, unitary individuals but as mosaics or communities of different voices. The voices share their experiences by sign-mediated communication and engage in joint action. Projective identification may be considered as joint action mediated by non-verbal signs exchanged without awareness, in which the dyad becomes an effector for voices within both participants. The concepts of active voices and meaning-accumulating signs overcome the cognitive fallacy-the misleading notion that information in people is passive.
Long Removable Cryogenic Transfer Lines

Easily removable cryogenic transfer lines of lengths up to 63 feet have been successfully constructed and operated at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. For the initial testing phase of the K-800 superconducting magnet, temporary lines which span a rather long distance between coil cryostat and a helium refrigerator were built. Eventually, a low heat load cryogenic distribution system will be constructed. The differential contraction between the cold inner pipe and ambient temperature outside vacuum jacket presents design problems for stainless steel bayonet transfer lines. The traditional solution to the contraction problems, contraction loops or bellows, usually results in a fixed line. Using the alloy Invar 36, which has a contraction coefficient ~ 1/8 of stainless steel, simple bayonet type transfer lines have been built. A lifting fixture is used for line installation.
An introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism

Introduction 1. The beginnings of Swaminarayan Hinduism 2. Growth, administration and schism 3. The structure of Swaminarayan theology 4. The sacred world 5. Dharma: the disciplined life 6. The sacred thread: transmission of tradition 7. Transnational growth of Swaminarayan Hinduism.
Supervisory control of families of linear set-point controllers. 2. Robustness

A simply structured high-level controller, called a "supervisor", has recently been proposed in part I of this article (ibid., vol.41, 1996) for the purpose of orchestrating the switching of a sequence of candidate set-point controllers into feedback with an imprecisely modeled SISO process so as to cause the output of the process to approach and track a constant reference input. The process is assumed to be modeled by an SISO linear system whose transfer function is in the union of a number of subclasses, each subclass being small enough so that one of the candidate controllers would solve the set-point tracking problem, if the process transfer function was to be one of the subclass members. This paper proves that without any further modification, the same supervisor described in Part I can also perform this function in the face of norm-bounded unmodeled dynamics, and moreover that none of the signals within the overall system can grow without bound in response to bounded disturbance and noise inputs, whether they are constant or not.
An ERP study of the processing of subject and object relative clauses in Japanese

Using reading times and event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we investigated the processing of Japanese subject and object relative clauses (SRs/ORs). Previous research on English relative clauses shows that ORs take longer to read (King & Just, 1991) and elicit anterior negativity between fillers and gaps (King & Kutas, 1995), which is attributed to increased working memory load due to longer filler-gap distance. In contrast to English, gaps in Japanese relative clauses are less clearly marked and precede their fillers, and the linear gap-filler distance is shorter in ORs than in SRs. Nevertheless, Japanese ORs take longer to read (Ishizuka, Nakatani, & Gibson, 2003; Miyamoto & Nakamura, 2003), perhaps because in both English and Japanese, gaps in ORs are more deeply embedded, with the result that there is longer structural distance between filler and gap in their syntactic representations (O'Grady, 1997). We investigated how gap-filler association in Japanese would compare to filler-gap association in...
A Latent Class Analysis of Depressive and Externalizing Symptoms in Nonreferred Adolescents

Both depressive and externalizing symptoms are common in adolescence and often co-occur. The purpose of this study was to examine whether adolescents’ patterns of depressive and externalizing sympt...
Presenting the Sister Saints of Ely, or Using Kinship to Increase a Monastery's Status as a Cult Center

At the time of the Norman Conquest, the monastery of Ely in Cambridgeshire was the second wealthiest in England, holding significant lands, boasting royal patrons, and housing a number of Benedictine monks. To augment its status as a cult center, the monastery developed a genealogical narrative about their founder, AEthelthryth, which included four sister saints, two nieces, and a great-niece. This essay considers how the narrative of kinship was established, how it was maintained throughout the later medieval period, and why the monastic center felt compelled to augment the cult of AEthelthryth with the smaller cults of her sisters. This survey demonstrates not only the means by which audiences came to know the saints venerated at Ely, but it also illustrates how one might investigate the rhetorical strategies by which a monastery could develop its status as a cult center and compete with rival houses for pilgrims, money, and benefactors.
On a load balancing algorithm based on edge coloring

Load balancing is the process of enhancing the performance of a distributed system through a redistribution of loads among the processors. In our earlier work a load balancing algorithm based on graph coloring for link-oriented structures was proposed and studied in detail. In this paper we modify the algorithm by introducing an important factor known as the damping factor, D. This factor is used to strike a balance between the runtime of the algorithm and the average response time. We observe that considerable improvement in system performance is possible with the application of the load balancing algorithm. The primary performance metric used is the average response time of the system. We express the analytical results in terms of upper and lower bounds on the average response time.
Spatial Stability Analysis of Subsonic Jets Modified for Low-Frequency Noise Reduction

This study performs a spatial stability analysis of several jets that have previously been investigated in terms of their noise radiation. The cases include a round jet and two chevron nozzle jets with varying penetration angle. The instability wave evolution in the near-nozzle region is examined to seek for clues as to how and why the mean flow azimuthal inhomogeneity introduced by chevrons modifies the low-frequency noise component. A biglobal stability analysis is performed to determine the most unstable modes on an initial plane. The downstream evolution of the most unstable modes is then computed via three-dimensional parabolized stability equations. The azimuthal mean flow inhomogeneity introduced by chevrons is found to modify instability wave growth rates and phase speeds. Findings indicate that the near-field hydrodynamic pressure oscillations of round jet instability modes are suppressed by chevron jets. For the same modal excitation amplitude at the inlet, the two chevron jets generate considerably lower pressure fluctuations than the round jet. It is also shown that the chevron jet with the lowest hydrodynamic pressure fluctuation levels is the jet with the lowest far-field low-frequency noise output among the three jets.
Firewall policy verification and troubleshooting

Firewalls are important elements of enterprise security and have been the most widely adopted technology for protecting private networks. The quality of protection provided by a firewall mainly depends on the quality of its policy (i.e., configuration). However, due to the lack of tools for verifying and troubleshooting firewall policies, most firewalls on the Internet have policy errors. A firewall policy can error either create security holes that will allow malicious traffic to sneak into a private network or block legitimate traffic disrupting normal traffic, which in turn could lead to diestrous consequences. We propose a firewall verification and troubleshooting tool in this paper. Our tool takes as input a firewall policy and a given property, then outputs whether the policy satisfies the property. Furthermore, in the case that a firewall policy does not satisfy the property, our tool outputs which rules cause the verification failure. This provides firewall administrators a basis for how to fix the policy errors. Despite of the importance of verifying firewall policies and finding troublesome rules, they have not been explored in previous work. Due to the complex nature of firewall policies, designing algorithms for such a verification and troubleshooting tool is challenging. In this paper, we designed and implemented a verification and troubleshooting algorithm using decision diagrams, and tested it on both real-life firewall policies and synthetic firewall policies of large sizes. The performance of the algorithm is sufficiently high that they can practically be used in the iterative process of firewall policy design, verification, and maintenance. The firewall policy troubleshooting algorithm proposed in this paper is not limited to firewalls. Rather, they can be potentially applied to other rule-based systems as well.
The Ick tyrosine protein kinase interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of the CD4 glycoprotein through its unique amino-terminal domain

The CD4 lymphocyte surface glycoprotein and the lck tyrosine protein kinase p56lck are found as a complex in T lymphocytes. We have defined the domains in both proteins that are responsible for this interaction by coexpressing hybrid and deleted forms of the two proteins in HeLa cells. We have found that the unique 32 amino-terminal residues of p56lck and the 38 carboxy-terminal residues of CD4 that comprise the cytoplasmic domain are both necessary and sufficient by themselves for the interaction of the two proteins. The interaction appears to be independent of other T cell-specific proteins and probably occurs before CD4 reaches the cell surface. Our findings suggest that the specialized amino-terminal domains of other members of the src family of intracellular tyrosine kinases may also mediate transmembrane signaling via coupling to the cytoplasmic domains of specific transmembrane proteins.
Medical anthropology: toward a third moment in social science?

This article about medical anthropology was inspired by the work of Pierre Bourdieu, specifically, his efforts to reconcile the antinomy of a "social structuralist" and a "cultural constructivist" perspective. These perspectives are often opposed in the literature, buty in Bourdieu's view, human life cannot be studied without taking into account both how individuals are situated within and constrained by social structures and how those individuals construct an understanding of and impose meaning on the world around them. I argue that the special subject matter of medical anthropology—human health—demands that a synthetic approach be taken in our theory and research. I illustrate this argument with examples from my own research on social and cultural factors associated with blood pressure, and I point to other examples of this synthesis in medical anthropology. The results of this research hold promise for the continuing refinement of culture theory, [medical anthropology, culture theory, cultural constructivism, blood pressure, social factors]
A PROTON RELEASE SITE ON THE C‐TERMINAL SIDE OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN

We have studied the pH dependence of the light-induced proton release and uptake by bacteriorhodopsin. The quantum efficiency of proton release in cell envelopes and proton uptake in phospholipid vesicles is high in the low pH range and begins to decline between pH 6 and 7 in cell envelopes and between pH 7–8 in phospholipid vesicles. In the cell envelope vesicles the proton release increases again above pH 8–8.5; in phospholipid vesicles a proton release is observed before proton uptake at pHs greater than 9. We suggest that the light-induced proton release observed at high pHs are due to protons released and rebound on the carboxyl terminal side of bacteriorhodopsin.
Microwave imaging of multiple conducting cylinders using local shape functions

A novel technique is presented for microwave imaging of multiple conducting cylinders using local shape functions. In this method, a scattering volume is divided into small sub-scattering regions and assigned a local shape function amplitude. The reconstructed image is represented by the set of local shape functions that satisfy multiple scattering boundary conditions. Monochromatic image reconstructions have a resolution scale of 0.1 lambda for single scatterers; multiple scatterers can be resolved at a separation of 0.42 lambda . >
Coordinating Linear and 2D Displays to Support Exploratory Search

Linear and 2D displays have complementary strengths and this paper illustrates how they can be used in concert to support users in the search process. Linear lists are the dominant way for presenting search results and users are most familiar with such result displays. However, ranked lists can only display a limited number of results, whereas 2D layouts can display many results. This paper illustrates how several tightly coupled displays and controls can help users to explore large result sets. Further, it shows how linear and 2D displays can be combined to enable users to see structural relationships between the search results, such as being related to the same topics, tags or being stored on the same web host.
A Painful Vaginal Mass in an Adolescent With Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report

the unusual case of an adolescent with recurrent idiopathic hematometrium and our approach to management. Case: A 16-year-old sexually active female presented to the Emergency Department with severe abdominal pain. She had been contracepting with Depo Provera for 6months and was amenorrheic. She had a remote history of chlamydia, as well as a recent asymptomatic chlamydial infection diagnosed and treated 6 months prior to presentation. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a “dilated endometrial canal filled with echogenic debris,” measuring 5.5x5.2x4.6cm. She was taken to the Operating Room for suction dilation and curettage.
Maintaining Data Records: Practical Decisions Required For Data Set Prioritization, Preservation, and Access

The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) has collected an unprecedented volume of satellite-based remote sensing data. The current suite of sensors is maturing and the data sets derived from these sensors are slowly being integrated into science research programs. As NASA moves on to new missions and other funding priorities, it is likely that the funding to maintain these data in a highly interactive data system will decrease. The challenge to the NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) in general and to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) DAAC in particular is to prioritize holdings, delegating lower priority data sets to lower cost management systems and perhaps lower levels of service. In order to address these data prioritization requirements, the NSIDC DAAC is experimenting with data maturity and levels of service scaling systems, thus permitting discussion of data set importance to our users in a more quantitative and less subjective manner. The Maturity Index (MI) is divided into three categories: scientific maturity, preservation maturity, and societal impact. In both the MI and Level of Service (LOS) categorizations, attempts are made convert descriptive categories into ordinal scales, with a resultant score for each data set. If this system proves successful, it could offer data managers a mechanism to assess data set value and defend high value data sets to the science community and federal funding agencies.
Evolutionary analysis of enzymes using Chisel

Motivation: Availability of large volumes of genomic and enzymatic data for taxonomically and phenotypically diverse organisms allows for exploration of the adaptive mechanisms that led to diversification of enzymatic functions. We present Chisel, a computational framework and a pipeline for an automated, high-resolution analysis of evolutionary variations of enzymes. Chisel allows automatic as well as interactive identification, and characterization of enzymatic sequences. Such knowledge can be utilized for comparative genomics, microbial diagnostics, metabolic engineering, drug design and analysis of metagenomes. Results: Chisel is a comprehensive resource that contains 8575 clusters and subsequent computational models specific for 939 distinct enzymatic functions and, when data is sufficient, their taxonomic variations. Application of Chisel to identification of enzymatic sequences in newly sequenced genomes, analysis of organism-specific metabolic networks, ‘binning’ of metagenomes and other biological problems are presented. We also provide a thorough analysis of Chisel performance with other similar resources and manual annotations on Shewanella oneidensis MR1 genome. Availability: Chisel is available for interactive use at http://compbio.mcs.anl.gov/CHISEL. The website also provides a user manual, clusters and function-specific computational models. Contact:arodri7@mcs.anl.gov or maltsev@mcs.anl.gov Supplementary information: Additional data can be found at http://compbio.mcs.anl.gov/CHISEL/htmls/refs.html
A ZVT 48 V single-phase single-stage AC-to-DC converter

This work presents a pulse width modulated (PWM) high frequency (HF) transformer isolated, single-stage AC-to-DC converter with a new zero-voltage transition (ZVT) circuit. This converter integrates the front-end boost stage with the cascaded DC-to-DC bridge converter. The auxiliary circuit of this topology is placed out of the main power path and, therefore, has small power rating. Identification and analyses of all operating modes of this converter are presented. Based on these analyses design example of a 50 kHz, 48 V, 1 kW AC-to-DC converter is given. Results obtained from PSPICE simulation are presented to verify the performance of this converter.
Regulation, replication, and integration functions of the Vibrio cholerae CTXphi are encoded by region RS2.

CTXφ is a filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae. CTXφ is unusual among filamentous phages because it can either replicate as a plasmid or integrate into the V. cholerae chromosome at a specific site. The CTXφ genome has two regions, the ‘core’ and RS2. Integrated CTXφ is frequently flanked by an element known as RS1 which is related to RS2. The nucleotide sequences of RS2 and RS1 were determined. These related elements contain three nearly identical open reading frames (ORFs), which in RS2 were designated rstR, rstA2 and rstB2. RS1 contains an additional ORF designated rstC. Functional analyses indicate that rstA2 is required for CTXφ replication and rstB2 is required for CTXφ integration. The amino terminus of RstR is similar to the amino termini of other phage-encoded repressors, and RstR represses the expression of rstA2. Although genes with related functions are clustered in the genome of CTXφ in a way similar to those for other filamentous phages, the CTXφ RS2-encoded gene products mediating replication, integration and repression appear to be novel.
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Followed by External-Beam Radiotherapy With 9 Months of Androgen Deprivation for Intermediate- to High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of individualized neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (AD) to maximal response followed by external beam radiotherapy (RT) with continued AD for a total of 9 months in a prospective phase II trial. Patients and Methods One hundred twenty-three patients received a total of 9 months of flutamide and luprolide combined with RT. RT initiation was individualized to begin after maximum response to AD as assessed by monthly digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The neoadjuvant phase was restricted to no more than 6 months. Results Median time to initiation of RT was 4.7 months. Indications to begin RT (and their rates) were undetectable PSA (28%), PSA unchanged from one month to the next (46%), PSA rising from one month to the next (10%), 6 months of AD (14%), and other (2%). Five-year outcomes were biochemical disease-free survival, (DFS) 63% ± 7%; clinical DFS, 75% ± 5%; cancer-specific survival, 99% ± 1%; and overall survival, 89% ± 3%. Pati...
Low noise μWatt interface circuits for wireless implantable real-time digital blood pressure monitoring

A wireless implantable blood pressure monitoring microsystem employs an MEMS capacitive pressure sensor, which converts pressure signal to a capacitance change with a sensitivity of approximately 0.7 fF/mmHg. Low-noise muWatt correlated-double-sampling capacitance-to-voltage interface converter followed by an 11-bit cyclic ADC further converts the capacitive signal to a digital output for data processing and telemetry. The prototype microsystem achieves a resolution of 0.1 mmHg over a 1 kHz bandwidth with a dynamic range of 59 dB and consumes 18 muA from a 2 V supply.
Mechanical Aids for Obtaining Accuracy in Dental Roentgenology

A n a t o m i c a l accuracy in dental roent­ genology requires reproduction of the true size and relationship of the den­ tal structures. The basic principles for a “right-angle” procedure to fulfil the above requirements were first advocated and used routinely by Franklin W. Mc­ Cormack1 in 1913. Even now this pro­ cedure requires that the films be cut and wrapped by hand from large sheet film in order to obtain the proper sizes and to' incorporate a stiff metal with the film to prevent it from bending. The target distance used is 36 inches, so it has been necessary to have the patient lie on a ta­ ble instead of sit in a chair. It can readily be seen why only a limited number of men have followed the technic. F. LeRoy Satterlee,2 in 1913, advocated a technic based on a principle called “bi­ secting the angle.” As this procedure could be performed more readily, it was accepted by dentistry and has been taught in dental colleges since that time. This principle seldom produces anatomically accurate results, though many variations have been tried and advanced. Most writers have assumed that the bisection of the angle principle was correct but because of the inability of the operator, it was not performed correctly. Other operators said that it was too impractical and substituted predetermined angles of projection. The images produced by these technics still show the same inaccuracies and discrepancies of years ago, even though there has been considerable im­ provement in equipment and films. Dur­ ing the last few years, however, both the dental equipment manufacturers and dentists have begun to realize that in­ creased accuracy can only result by chang­ ing basic principles, casting aside the dis­ proved principle of bisecting the angle and accepting the right-angle principle. During the last 20 years, efforts have been made to standardize and improve the right-angle technic so that it can be described and taught. The basic funda­ mentals were again published in 1937,3 and have since been modified so as to be used with dental x-ray equipment and the dental chair, using target distances of 14 inches or greater. A 20-inch target distance is about the maximum that can be used in the average dental office with the patient sitting in a dental chair. Target distances greater than 20 inches are still more accurate, but the patient should lie on a table. In this manner, target distances up to 36 inches can be used, resulting in the highest de­ gree of anatomical accuracy. Fitzgerald4 and Waggener5 teach the
An efficient algorithm for joint estimation of differential time delays and frequency offsets

An efficient algorithm that jointly estimates differential time delays and frequency offsets between two signals is introduced. The approach is a two-step procedure. First, the differential frequency offsets are estimated from measurement of the autocorrelation functions of the received and transmitted signals. The time delays are estimated from estimates of the higher-order statistics of the two signals involved. The major advantage of the approach is its remarkably reduced computational complexity over traditional approaches. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm performs better than the traditional methods in most cases of interest in spite of its reduced computational complexity. >
Association of meteorological and geographical factors and risk of initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition in young children with cystic fibrosis

Initial infection with the sentinel respiratory pathogen in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), is generally with environmental strains of this ubiquitous organism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between meteorological and geographical factors and risk of initial Pa acquisition in young children with CF. Using the U.S. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003 to 2009, 3463 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 48% (n = 1659) acquired Pa during follow-up. From multivariable Weibull regression, increased risk of Pa acquisition was associated with increasing temperature [hazard ratio (HR) per 1 °C: 1·13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·08-1·13], dew point (HR per 1 °C: 1·10, 95% CI 1·07-1·13), rainfall (HR per cm: 1·10, 95% CI 1·07-1·12), latitude (HR per 1 °C northing: 1·15, 95% CI 1·11-1·20), longitude (HR per 1 °C easting: 1·01, 95% CI 1·01-1·02) and elevation (HR per 100 m: 1·05, 95% CI 1·03-1·07). These results suggest that environmental factors may play a previously unrecognized role in the aetiology of initial Pa acquisition.
Children of Immigrants and Their Achievement: The Roles of Family, Acculturation, Social Class, Gender, Ethnicity, and School Context

Intergenerational relations in immigrant families are managed and shaped within divergent contexts of reception and incorporation, and with divergent sets of resources and vulnerabilities. Still, after taking into account the objective circumstances within which children of immigrants are coming of age – such as their parents’ socioeconomic status, family structure, peer networks and school contexts – there remains substantial and unexpected variance in the children’s interpersonal and intrapersonal responses. This paper explores these dimensions of their adaptation process: the ways they perceive their relationships with their parents and families, their school experiences and work discipline, their sense of self-worth, and the way they imagine and project their educational and occupational adult futures. That mix of psychosocial factors, in turn – especially experiences, attitudes, beliefs and expectations about education – can mold motivation and achievement, an analysis of which then follows. The data for that analysis come from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), the largest study of its kind to date in the United States. The study has followed the progress of a large sample of teenage youths representing 77 nationalities in two main areas of immigrant settlement in the United States: Southern California and South Florida.
Disciplinary Power and the Role of the Subject at a Nineteenth-Century Danish Asylum

This article reports on the ways in which psychiatric practice and power were constituted in a Danish asylum at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The point of departure will be a complaint by a former patient questioning the practice at the asylum in 1829. In an analysis of this narrative the study draws upon Foucauldian concepts like disciplinary power, confession, pastoral power and subjectivation. I will argue that the critique of the patient provides us with an example of the way that disciplinary power works in the case of an informal indictment of the methods and practice at an asylum. A key issue is whether the critique is not itself a part of the self-legitimation of disciplinary power.
Evaluating thiourea/urea catalyst for enantioselective 6π-photocyclization of acrylanilides

Abstract 6π-Photocyclization of acrylanilide with thiourea and urea based organocatalysts were evaluated to develop H-bonding activated photochemical reactions. These photochemical reactions resulted in a 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one photoproduct with low enantioselectivity. Photophysical studies revealed catalyst-substrate interactions in the excited state. The low chiral induction is likely due to a combination of low stereodifferentiation with respect to the mode of cyclization of the substrate by the catalyst, formation of an enol intermediate that destroys the chirality and the relative reactivity of the zwitterionic intermediate that competes with enol formation and direct hydrogen atom migration.
Finding Clarity by Fostering Confusion: Reflections on Teaching an Undergraduate Integrated Biological Systems Course.

Undergraduate biology programs in smaller liberal arts colleges are increasingly becoming focused on health science fields. This narrowing of focus potentially decreases opportunities for these students to explore other sub-fields of biology. This perspectives article highlights how one small university in Connecticut decided to institute a required integrated biological systems course into their biology degree. The course focuses on empowering biology students to view science topics through multiple scales.
Theory of entropy production in quantum many-body systems

We define the entropy operator as the negative of the logarithm of the density matrix, give a prescription for extracting its thermodynamically measurable part, and discuss its dynamics. For an isolated system we derive the first, second and third laws of thermodynamics. For weakly-coupled subsystems of an isolated system, an expression for the long time limit of the expectation value of the rate of change of the thermodynamically measurable part of the entropy operator is derived and interpreted in terms of entropy production and entropy transport terms. The interpretation is justified by comparison to the known expression for the entropy production in an aged classical Markovian system with Gaussian fluctuations and by a calculation of the current-induced entropy production in a conductor with electron-phonon scattering.
Security Implications of Transport Layer Protocols in Power Grid Synchrophasor Data Communication

Wide-area monitoring and control (WAMC) systems based on synchrophasor data streams are becoming more and more significant to the operation of the smart power grid. Reliable and secure communication, and higher quality of service (very low latency, high availability, etc.) of data are crucial to the success of WAMC systems. However, the IEEE standard for synchrophasor data communication (IEEE Standard C37.118.2-2011) does not place any restrictions on the choice of transport layer protocols. In light of this, we examine the communication between synchrophasors [phasor measurement units (PMUs)] and phasor data concentrators to analyze potential security vulnerabilities present at the transport layer, and investigate the advantages and disadvantages of both the TCP and UDP protocols, respectively, with an emphasis on security issues. Demonstrations of attacks related to these security vulnerabilities are shown in lab environment and underlying mechanisms are analyzed to determine the capabilities attackers to succeed with them.
Growing a Spoken Language Interface on Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Typically data collection, transcription, language model generation, and deployment are separate phases of creating a spoken language interface. An unfortunate consequence of this is that the recognizer usually remains a static element of systems often deployed in dynamic environments. By providing an API for human intelligence, Amazon Mechanical Turk changes the way system developers can construct spoken language systems. In this work, we describe an architecture that automates and connects these four phases, effectively allowing the developer to grow a spoken language interface. In particular, we show that a human-in-the-loop programming paradigm, in which workers transcribe utterances behind the scenes, can alleviate the need for expert guidance in language model construction. We demonstrate the utility of these organic language models in a voice-search interface for photographs.
A system for change detection and human recognition in voxel space using stereo vision

Image space change detection algorithms do not adequately address the complexities in real-world dynamic environments. With few exceptions, these algorithms rely on pixel-level information to detect proper foreground change. They have difficulty adapting the background model when objects are moved or when lighting changes abruptly. This dissertation proposes a world space system to detect change in the living quarters of a single elderly person in an assisted living community. Using stereo vision, this method discretizes the living space into volume elements (voxels) and determines the configuration of the scene using stereo vision. Voxel representations of the scene built over time are used to determine change. Further processing of this voxel change space using segmentation, shape and color determines the presence and location of humans. Experiments demonstrate the success of this change detection procedure in a range of real-world, dynamic test situations.
Reciprocity principle and nonequivalence of counterpropagating modes in whistle-geometry ring lasers

Greatly enhanced high-speed modulation performance has been recently predicted in numerical calculations for a novel injection-locking scheme involving a distributed Bragg reflector master laser monolithically integrated with a unidirectional whistle-geometry semiconductor micro ring laser. In this work, we confirm the unidirectionality of the whistle-geometry configuration through rigorous three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation by showing a strong asymmetry in photon lifetimes between the two counter propagating modes. At the same time, we explain why this result does not violate the Helmholtz reciprocity principle.
Views of Pets in the General Population

Attitudes toward pets in the general population were explored. Although the 26 owners' perceptions and feelings about pets were similar to other reports, attachment scores were significantly lower ...
Predicting Caries in Primary Healthcare-Demographics of Baseline Responses

Expanded partnership with the medical community is a promising and necessary strategy for reducing disparities in dental caries among young children. The long-term objective of this study is to develop a self-administered, simple-to-score caries risk tool to identify young children at risk of developing dental caries through medical settings. A psychometrically defensible 52-item caries risk questionnaire, targeted to primary caregivers (PCG), was developed (based on …
Design,synthesis and antitumor activity of ATRA and butyric acid or valproic acid prodrugs

Aim To design and synthesize all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) prodrug as able to induce acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) cells differentiation.Methods According to the prodrug theory,compounds had been designed and synthesized which connect ATAR and butyric acid,valproic acid with different linkers,such as glycol,hydroquinone,through ester or amide bond.Results Thirteen new compounds were prepared,all of the compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR,MS,and IR spect.Conclusion Comparing the antitumor activity of these compounds with ATRA in growth inhibition and differentiation induction to NB4 cells,compounds which ATAR connected which valproic acid showed more potent differentiation activities they show higher activities.
The association between quality of life and social support of the elderly hypertension combined with depression

Objective To explore the association between the quality of life and social support of the elderly hypertension combined with depression. Methods A total of 73 elderly patients with hypertension screened with HAMD were divided into two groups. Quality of life and social support were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the normal control group, the quality of life in the group of elderly hypertensive patients combined with depression was worse(P0.01). The scores of the subjective support, objective support and social support total scores were also lower(P0.01). The quality of life and social support were positively correlated(r=0.542,P0.01). Conclusion The social support of the elderly hypertensive patients with depression should be strengthened so as to improve the quality of life.
Self-reports of trauma and dissociation: An examination of context effects

To examine context effects in moderating the link between self-reported trauma and dissociation in undergraduate samples, we administered these measures either in the same or different experimental contexts. Trauma History Screen/THS (Carlson et al., 2011)-Dissociative Experiences Scale/DES-II (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) correlations revealed a context effect (greater correlations in same test context), although multiple regression analyses did not confirm this finding. A context effect was supported in DES-Taxon scores using multiple regression for the THS but not the Modified Posttraumatic Stress Scale (MPSS-SR; Falsetti, Resnick, Resick, & Kilpatrick, 1993), an effect confirmed with correlation comparisons. Ethnicity influenced the association between measures of trauma and dissociation. Overall, the relation between measures of trauma and dissociation was small to medium, although high correlations were observed between the DES depersonalization/derealization subscale and the Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (Briere, Weathers, & Runtz, 2005) depersonalization and derealization subscales, supporting the construct validity of these measures.
Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames

Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that furans are produced in the high-temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ∼100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into the carbon skeletons of PAHs. Our results depart dramatically from the crude chemistry of carbon- and oxygen-containing molecules previously considered in hydrocarbon formation and oxidation models and spearhead the emerging understanding of the oxidation chemistry that is critical, for example, to control emissions of toxic and carcinogenic combustion by-products, which also greatly affect global warming.
SU-D-BRB-03: Full Pre-Clinical Validation of Comprehensive Knowledge-Based Planning for Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Purpose: As knowledge-based planning (KBP) would augment and potentially supplant manual human-driven treatment planning, it is imperative to ensure that the KBP system maintains or improves overall plan quality in the aggregate. The purpose of this study was to: (I) demonstrate non-inferiority of KBP-driven automated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning with blinded physician review and (II) determine what factors, if any, contributed to the preference of manual plans over KBP in the blinded review. Methods: Automated KBP routines in non-coplanar VMAT were developed for three clinical SRS scenarios: isolated brain lesions (ISOLATED), lesions closely abutting (<3cm) non-brain OARs (INVOLVED), and single-isocenter multiple metastases (MULTIMET). Two SRS-specializing physicians were given the patient's history/diagnosis/prescription and then presented with the candidate plans with the identities (manual or KBP) obscured. The preferred plan was then selected by the physician reviewer. If two plans were judged to be clinically indistinguishable, this was scored as a KBP selection as the automated plan had thus achieved the same quality as the manual plan. Multiple parameters were explored as possible correlates to manual preference (i.e. KBP failure): planning date, planner, attending physician, reviewing physicist, PTV volume, nearest OAR-to-PTV distance and prescription dose. Correlation coefficients were calculated using the Kendall-Tau statistical test with significance threshold p<0.05. Results: For the ISOLATED, INVOLVED and MULTIMET scenarios, the KBP plans were chosen 86% (90/105), 77% (20/26) and 76% (13/17) of the time, respectively. Across the groups, no factors proved to be even moderately correlated or predictive. The only correlation coefficient approaching significance was 0.126 (p=0.052) for PTV volume, implying that KBP plans were selected at a slightly lower rate in the case of smaller PTVs. Conclusion: The clinically-deliverable KBP automated SRS plans were equivalent or superior to manual SRS plans for a clear majority of the cases in all three clinical scenarios. J.A. Hattangadi: Research Grant; Varian Medical Systems; K.L. Moore: Research Grant; Varian Medical Systems
Diary of a Telepathic Solipsist

A thorough telepath in an otherwise mindless world would have an observational basis for solipsism. He would perceive an absence of other minds. How would things appear to the lone telepath? Given sufficient scepticism about introspection, exactly as they now seem to you. This perceptual solipsist would exclude other minds on the basis of evidence rather than the absence of evidence. He would be open-minded, ready to revise his opinion as rapidly as any perceiver. Any intransigence would be a side-effect of his theory about the senses. Temperamentally, he need not be a loner. The solipsist's ethics could be altruistic, his politics democratic, and his social preferences gregarious. At the same time, his solipsism would inform his hopes for immortality, his career choice and his means of communication.
Design and implementation of scalable DAQ software for a high-resolution PET camera

This paper describes a new data acquisition (DAQ) program for a breast dedicated high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) camera employing 4608 position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). The DAQ program is designed to be highly scalable to match the needs of evolving implementation as the system is built up from 1 to 4608 PSAPDs. The program features real time data quality monitoring capabilities. Energy and flood histograms of each PSAPD are monitored in real time, as well as the charge histogram for each channel. This allows the user to detect any hardware problems and configuration errors prior to the completion of experiment. In order to view flood histograms collected data needs to be corrected for pedestals. The program employs a pedestal estimation algorithm by fitting a Landau function to the histograms. It is also possible to use this algorithm to detect changes in pedestal values during data acquisition. A circular buffer supports real time data monitoring. Changes in the display settings, like photopeak windowing, require refilling the histograms. In order to do this as fast as possible, a number of events are stored in a circular buffer with data split into separate groups, one for each PSAPD. When a histogram of a certain PSAPD needs to be updated, the buffer pulls out the data of that specific PSAPD. This approach reduces the time it takes to update a histogram as opposed to reading data from disk or waiting for new events. It also prevents unnecessary data transfer between different parts of the program. Using one of the data acquisition boards developed, we tested the throughput capabilities of the program. The maximum throughput is limited by the hardware to 64Mbits/s. This throughput corresponds to roughly 228000 events per second. Due to processing overhead, real time online monitoring ability of the program is limited to 120000 events per second. During the test none of the events were dropped due to processing and plotting tasks.
Integrated approach for seat development of child restraint systems

Children require a special protection in road traffic. But passenger cars usually accommodate a maximum human occupant height range of 150 to 200 cm. This 50 cm difference in height is leading to technical solutions such as seat height and fore/aft adjustments as well as mechanisms for adapting seat belt geometry, which do not apply however to the group of the children. Takata presents an integrated approach to develop children seats - correctly termed child restraint systems - optimally.