cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strong z ∼ 0.5 O VI absorption towards PKS 0405―123: implications for ionization and metallicity of the Cosmic Web

We present observations of the intervening O VI absorption-line system at zabs = 0.495 096 towards the quasi-stellar object (QSO) PKS 0405−123 (zem = 0.5726) obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. In addition to strong O VI, with log N(O VI) = 14.47 ± 0.02, and moderate H I, with log N (H I) = 14.29 ± 0.10, this absorber shows absorption from C III, N IV ,O IV and O V, with upper limits for another seven ions. The large number of available ions allows us to test ionization models usually adopted with far fewer constraints. We find that the observed ionic column densities cannot be matched by single-temperature collisional ionization models, in or out of equilibrium. Photoionization models can match all of the observed column densities, including O VI. If one assumes photoionization by an ultraviolet (UV) background dominated by QSOs, the metallicity of the gas is [O/H] ≈− 0.15, while if one assumes a model for the UV background with contributions from ionizing photons escaping from galaxies the metallicity is [O/H] ≈− 0.62. Both give [N/O] ∼− 0.6 and [C/H] ∼− 0.2 to ∼−0.1, though a solar C/O ratio is not ruled out. The choice of ionizing spectrum is poorly constrained and leads to systematic abundance uncertainties of ≈0.5 dex, despite the wide range of available ions. Multiphase models with a contribution from both photoionized gas (at T ∼ 10 4 K) and collisionally ionized gas [at T ∼ (1−3) × 10 5 K] can also match the observations for either assumed UV background giving very similar metallicities. We do not detect Ne VIII or Mg X absorption. The limit on Ne VIII/O VI < 0.21 (3σ )i s the lowest yet observed. Thus, this absorber shows no firm evidence of the ‘warm-hot intergalactic medium’ at T ∼ (0.5–3) × 10 6 K thought to contain a significant fraction of the baryons at low redshift. The O VI in this system is not necessarily a reliable tracer of the warm-hot intergalactic medium given the ambiguity in its origins. We present limits on the total column of warm-hot gas in this absorber as a function of temperature. This system would be unlikely to provide detectable X-ray absorption in the ions O VII or O VIII even if it resided in front of the brighter X-ray sources in the sky.
Women and things: Pokot motherhood as political destiny

Among the cattle-keeping Pokot of northwestern Kenya, women use cowhide belts to support and to undermine the clans for which they bear children. By analyzing the design, symbolic associations, and uses of these commonplace but extraordinarily powerful items of adornment, this article shows how one East African patrilineal society deals with the problematic nature of maternal nurture. More generally, it suggests that by attending to the wide variety of things that women make and wear, we may achieve a better understanding of the political ramifications of motherhood. [gender, adornment, the body, patrilineal descent, East Africa]
Embolization of Dog Prostates With Yttrium-90 Microspheres

Experiments exploring means for the protection of adjacent normal tissue while delivering a destructive dose of radiation to malignant tissue were conducted. By injection of radioactive ceramic spheres or particles, too large to pass through capillaries or arteriovenous shunts, relatively high doses of radiation can be distributed homogeneously to a circumscribed area. Attempts were made to determine the uniformity of distribution and the radiation effect of varying doses of spheres injected into the arterial supply of the dog prostate. Nonradioactive and radioactive ceramic microspheres of 60 mu dia were used since this size exceeds the diameter of capillaries and arteriovenous shunts. Yttrium-90 microspheres of varying radioactivity were used. Doses injected into right and left hypogastric arteries varied from 0.69 to 28.4 mc/side (92-1260 mc/ g prostate). Homogeneous distribution of radioactivity within the prostate was demonstrated by autoradiography. Distribution to some other organs (rectum, penis, and bladder) occurred because arterial supply to these structures was not isolated and occluded. The amount of radioactivity found in the lungs suggested more venous drainage in some cases than seemed apparent, and because of the infarctions of pelvic organs may have leaked radioactive spheres into the venous circuit. In 6 of the 8 dogs whichmore » died prematurely (2 to 7 days after surgery) obvious infarction of the prostate and in some other pelvic structures had occurred. That the radioactivity contributed to the infarction is suggested by the results in the dogs which received large doses of radioactivity (18.9 and 28.4 mc per side) in minimal amounts of spheres (100to 150 mg per side). The intensely concentrated radioactivity within the arteriolar lumens may have caused vasculitis and subsequent thrombosis. Although homogeneous destruction of the prostate gland occurred, the effect of a given dose ranged unpredictably through three groups: no apparent effect at all, destruction of the prostate, and early death with infarction of the prostate and other pelvic organs. It was concluded that with the present technique the range between the dose of radioactivity which caused no obvious response and the dose which is related to acute death is too narrow to allow reasonably predictable results, but that further refinement of technique might increase control over tissue destruction.« less
The expression of glutamate receptor in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Objective To study the expression of Ca-A/K channel-related molecules glutamate receptor 2 and 1(GluR2/ 1) in hippocampus tissues of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods A total of 60 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and HIBD group.Hippocampal tissues were obtained at 0 h,1 h,6 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after HIBD.The expression of GluR2,GluR1 and autophagy marker protein Beclin-1,LC3 were detected by Western blot assay.Results Edema and focal softening and necrosis were observed 6 h after HIBD in the brains of neonatal rats.Compared with Con group,at each time point,the expression levels of GluR2 were lower while the levels of GluR1,Beclin-1 and LC3 were higher significantly in HIBD group(P0.05).The protein levels of LC3,Beclin-1,GluR1 and GluR2 in hippocampus tissues of HIBD group were significantly different among different time points after the establishment of HIBD model(F=10.65~701.14,P0.01).The protein level of GluR2 was decreased from 1 h to 24 h after HIBD and reached the lowest level at 24 h.The levels of GluR1,Beclin-1 and LC3 were increased at 6 h,plateaued at 24 h and remained there until 48 h.The levels of these proteins returned back to the initial level at 72 h.Conclusions Ca-A/K channel-related molecules GluR2 and GluR1 play important roles in the autophagic cell death of hippocampus tissues in neonatal rats with hypoxicischemic brain damage.
Epidemiological analysis of dysentery in Shiyan city of Hubei province from 1995-2010

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic situation of dysentery in Shiyan city,and provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of the diseases.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was adopted for analysis.[Results]A total of 17 505 cases of dysentery was reported in Shiyan from 1995-2010,the average annual reported incidence was 32.63/100 000,showing a decreasing tendency.There were many cases in 10 years age group,most were scattered children,and the peak incidence appeared in July.[Conclusion]It is necessary to take comprehensive measures focusing at cutting off route of transmission for key population to prevent outbreak and continuously control the reported incidence of dysentery.
Relationship between blood pressure instant variability and heart rate variability of rabbits under respiratory control

Objective To discuss the relationship between rabbit's blood pressure instant variability(BPIV) and heart rate variability(HRV) under respiratory control.Methods Thirty rabbits under anaesthetic were conducted with mechanical ventilation by ventilator and carotid artery pressure transducer surgery at a constant tidal volume of 10ml/kg.Respiratory rate were controlled at 40-50-60 times/min.ECG,blood pressure and respiration were recorded and analyzed.Results Under respiratory control of different frequencies,R-R variation trend and BP-BP variation trend are fully synchronized with respiratory wave variation trend.Compared with respiratory rate was controlled at 50 times/min,the center PSD of RSP,HRV and BPIV were statistically different from the respiratory rate was controlled at 40 times/min and 60 times/min(P0.01).Center PSD of RF/HR and RSP,BPIV,HRV are positively correlated(r=0.996,0.994,0.996 respectively,all P0.001).When respiratory rate were controlled at 40-50-60 times/min,center PSD of RF/HR and RSP,BPIV,HRV have spectrum coherence(average coherence =0.93±0.14).Conclusion BPIV is the secondary effect of R-R interval changes and corresponds with the physiological mechanism of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and heart rate variability mechanism caused by respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
Short-term and longer-term survival after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an adult patient population: does older age matter?

Background:Veno-arterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used for patients with refractory cardiopulmonary failure. This study evaluates the short-term (to discharge) and longer-term (1 year) survival among older (⩾65 years) versus younger (<65 years) adults, adjusted for comorbidities, in a diverse cohort of V-A ECMO patients.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 131 adult patients (28% ⩾65 years old) who received V-A ECMO at an academic medical center from 2004-2013. Demographics, comorbidities and surgical characteristics were abstracted from the medical records and verified. Mortality status at discharge and at one year post-ECMO were determined by the hospital clinical information system, updated monthly with Social Security Death Index data. Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between age strata and mortality at discharge and at one year post ECMO initiation, adjusted for covariates.Results:The survival rate fo...
Safety issues, risks, and precautions for dermatologic surgery

The use of universal precautions can provide an effective barrier to transmission of viral infections. The most common route of occupational human immunodeficiency virus transmission to a health care provider is a self-inflicted needle stick with a contaminated needle. Use of the no-touch suturing technique in dermatologic surgery can lower the risk of such self-inflicted needle sticks.
Chapter One Feminist Science Fiction and Feminist Epistemology

In this chapter, Calvin argues that feminist science fiction (FSF) is both a set of characteristics and a process, and while the field of FSF is large and diverse, this chapter defines a particular sub-mode of FSF that emphasizes epistemological concerns. The sub-mode of science fiction, FESF, engages in many of the same concerns as feminist epistemology, including a reimagining of the knowing Subject, a shift in the emphasis on the rational, and an emphasis on the corporeal and concrete.
Focal Breast Pain: Does Breast Density Affect the Need for Ultrasound?

Rationale and Objectives This study aimed to determine the utility of directed ultrasound and digital mammogram for evaluating focal breast pain in women with different mammographic breast densities. Materials and Methods This institutional review board–approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant retrospective study included 413 cases of focal breast pain in 369 women (mean age 53 years). All cases were evaluated with both mammogram and ultrasound and had at least 2 years of imaging follow-up. Exclusion criteria were non-focal, axillary, or radiating pain; palpable or skin changes; pregnancy or lactation; and history of trauma or infection. Breast density, imaging findings, and biopsy results were recorded. Specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were calculated. Results Eighteen percent (76 of 413) of cases demonstrated an imaging correlate. Of these, 74% (56 of 76) occurred in dense breasts and 26% (20 of 76) in nondense breasts. Seventy percent (14 of 20) of lesions in nondense breasts were seen with mammography and ultrasound, whereas 30% (6 of 20) were detected only with ultrasound. Of lesions detected in dense breasts, 29% (16 of 56) were seen with mammography and ultrasound, whereas 71% (40 of 56) were detected only with ultrasound. Thirty-one percent (24 of 76) of cases were biopsied, 42% (10 of 24) of which were detected by ultrasound only. No cancer was detected in initial workup. At 2-year follow-up, three women, all with dense breasts, developed cancer in the same quadrant as the initial pain. Conclusions Directed ultrasound, when performed in conjunction with digital mammography for the evaluation of focal breast pain in women with nondense breasts, is of low utility and may contribute to unnecessary intervention as a result of incidental findings.
Soil Ca alters processes contributing to C and N retention in the Oa/A horizon of a northern hardwood forest

Recent studies on the effects of calcium (Ca) additions on soil carbon (C) cycling in organic soil horizons present conflicting results, with some studies showing an increase in soil C storage and others a decrease. We tested the legacy effects of soil Ca additions on C and nitrogen (N) retention in a long-term incubation of soils from a plot-scale field experiment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. Two levels of Ca (850 and 4250 kg Ca/ha) were surface applied to field plots as the mineral wollastonite (CaSiO3) in summer of 2006. Two years after field Ca additions, Oa/A horizon soils were collected from field plots and incubated in the laboratory for 343 days to test Ca effects on C mineralization, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export, and net N transformations. To distinguish mineralization of soil organic C (SOC) from that of more recent C inputs to soil, we incubated soils with and without added 13C-labeled sugar maple leaf litter. High Ca additions increased exchangeable Ca and pH compared to the control. While low Ca additions had little effect on mineralization of SOC or added litter C, high Ca additions reduced mineralization of SOC and enhanced mineralization of litter C. In litter-free incubations, δ13C of respired C was enriched in the high Ca treatment compared to the control, indicating that Ca suppressed mineralization of 13C-depleted SOC sources. Leaching of DOC and NH4 + were reduced by Ca additions in litter-free and litter-amended soils. Our results suggest that Ca availability in these organic soils influences mineralization of SOC and N primarily by stabilization processes and only secondarily through pH effects on organic matter solubility, and that SOC binding processes become important only with relatively large alterations of Ca status.
Abstract 507: Effects of Arteriole Tortuosity on Platelet Activation and Collision in Thrombosis

Introduction: Thrombosis and artery tortuosity are major contributors to cardiovascular disease. A fundamental gap exists in understanding how tortuosity regulates thrombosis through modification of blood flow. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to elucidate the physical mechanisms of artery tortuosity in thrombus formation. Hypothesis: An increase in arteriole tortuosity promotes platelet adhesion to the convex surface of the endothelium by increasing platelet collisions and shear-induced platelet activation. Methods: Platelet-mediated thrombosis was computationally simulated in 100-μm diameter vessels with sinusoidal shapes. The model used a discrete element algorithm for transport, collision, shear-induced activation, and receptor-ligand adhesion and aggregation of individual platelets. For a given simulation, platelets were set to be either (1) unactivated, (2) pre-activated, or (3) activated by shear stress. Tortuosity values (ratio of amplitude to wavelength) were set from 0 to 0.23, average velocity was 0.1 cm s -1 , and Reynolds number was 0.1. Results: For cases with platelets subject to shear-induced activation, increased tortuosity increased platelet activation, and platelets adhered to the convex endothelial wall, where shear stress was highest, while negligible numbers of platelets contacted the concave wall. For cases in which all platelets were previously activated, however, considerable platelet adhesion occurred on the concave wall. For cases with unactivated platelets in tortuous arterioles, as tortuosity increased, platelet contacts with the concave wall decreased until reaching the same value as the convex wall. Additionally, for cases with unactivated platelets, collisions between platelets was highest for the straight vessel, and collisions with walls throughout the entire arteriole were relatively negligible for straight and highly tortuous arterioles, but much larger for arterioles with intermediate tortuosity. Conclusions: Shear-induced activation due to tortuosity generates platelet adhesion to the convex wall of arterioles. Increased tortuosity increases platelet activation, though the relationship between tortuosity and platelet collisions is less evident.
General Principles for Writing Reaction Mechanisms

The flow of electrons is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of a chemical transformation. The driving forces and key levers associated with the model we present are described in this chapter. These levers include electron flow and acid/base theory as it pertains to the flow of electrons, solvent effects and polarity, stability, and balancing reaction equations in organic chemistry.
Non-additive and epistatic effects of HLA polymorphisms contributing to risk of adult glioma.

Although genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility loci for adult glioma, little is known regarding the potential contribution of genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region to glioma risk. HLA associations have been reported for various malignancies, with many studies investigating selected candidate HLA polymorphisms. However, no systematic analysis has been conducted in glioma patients, and no investigation into potential non-additive effects has been described. We conducted comprehensive genetic analyses of HLA variants among 1746 adult glioma patients and 2312 controls of European-ancestry from the GliomaScan Consortium. Genotype data were generated with the Illumina 660-Quad array, and we imputed HLA alleles using a reference panel of 5225 individuals in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium who underwent high-resolution HLA typing via next-generation sequencing. Case-control comparisons were adjusted for population stratification using ancestry-informative principal components. Because alleles in different loci across the HLA region are linked, we created multigene haplotypes consisting of the genes DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1. Although none of the haplotypes were associated with glioma in additive models, inclusion of a dominance term significantly improved the model for multigene haplotype HLA-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 (P = 0.002). Heterozygous carriers of the haplotype had an increased risk of glioma [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.49], while homozygous carriers were at decreased risk compared with non-carriers (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.40–1.01). Our results suggest that the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype may contribute to the risk of glioma in a non-additive manner, with the positive dominance effect partly explained by an epistatic interaction with HLA-DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0301.
Head Injury Research: Computer Models of Head Impact

The purpose of modeling head impact is to try to understand the effect of a blow to the brain. Thus, it is essential that the brain be modeled in as much detail as possible. Then, of course, it will be necessary to assess injury to the brain by computing its response. Based on what we know about brain injury, we hypothesize that strain in the axons is a likely cause of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and intracranial pressure wave propagation can be a second parameter of interest. Because of the complexity of the geometry of the head and brain, the many different types of tissues involved, and the lack of data on their material properties under high strain rate conditions, the modeling task is far from being simple. In the pre-finite element era, simplifying assumptions were made to facilitate the formulation of equations that describe the impact event. For example, the first known model of head impact was proposed by Anzelius (1943) who assumed the head to be a rigid sphere and the brain to be a liquid. He solved the governing equations in closed form, and his model predicted coup and contrecoup pressures at the site of impact and at a site diametrically opposite to the site of impact, respectively.
Focal Management of Large Brain Metastases and Risk of Leptomeningeal Disease

Abstract Purpose Surgery is often used for large or symptomatic brain metastases but is associated with risk of developing leptomeningeal dissemination. Emerging data suggest that fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) is an effective management strategy in large brain metastases. We sought to retrospectively compare leptomeningeal disease (LMD) and local control (LC) rates for patients treated with surgical resection followed by radiosurgery (S + SRS) versus FSRT alone. Methods and Materials We identified all patients with a brain metastasis ≥3 cm in diameter treated from 2004 to 2017 with S + SRS or FSRT alone (25 or 30 Gy in 5 fractions) who had follow-up imaging. LMD was defined as focal or diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement that was >5 mm from the index metastasis. Categorical baseline characteristics were compared with the χ2 test. LMD and LC rates were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, with the log-rank test used to compare subgroups. Results A total of 125 patients were identified, including 82 and 43 in the S + SRS and FSRT alone groups, respectively. Median pretreatment Graded Prognostic Assessment in the S + SRS and FSRT groups was 2.5 and 1.5, respectively (P Conclusions Surgery is appropriate for certain brain metastases, but S + SRS may increase LMD risk compared with FSRT alone. Because S + SRS and FSRT seem to have similar LC, FSRT may be a viable alternative to S + SRS in select patients with large brain metastases.
“A living archive of modern protest”: Memory-making in the Women’s March

ABSTRACTThe Women’s March, held on January 21, 2017, the day after Donald Trump’s inauguration as President of the United States, made news across the world as a surprisingly powerful current event...
Racial Disparities in Time From Diagnosis to Treatment for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background Delay in lung cancer treatment is associated with worse survival outcomes. We examined whether there are racial disparities in time from diagnosis to treatment initiation for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using data from the National Cancer Data Base, which includes approximately 70% of incident cancer patients across the United States. Methods We analyzed 119 184 patients diagnosed with stage I NSCLC from 2008 to 2013. Median times (in days) from diagnosis to treatment initiation for external beam radiation (EBRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and surgery (inclusive of wedge resection, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy) were calculated separately and compared among white vs African American (AA) patients using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable linear regression assessed racial differences in days to treatment while adjusting for sex, age, insurance status, regional income, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, region, facility type, and treatment. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results AA patients had a statistically significantly longer median time to treatment for all three treatment modalities: EBRT 54 days (AA) vs 48 days (white, P < .001); SBRT 66 days vs 55 days (P < .001); surgery 31 vs 26 days (P < .001). In addition, 34% AA vs 24% white patients (P ≤ .001) had treatment initiation eight or more weeks after diagnosis. In multivariable analysis, AA patients experienced an average 8.2-day delay compared with white patients (P < .001). Conclusions These results shed light on one possible mechanism of the observed racial disparity in mortality outcomes in NSCLC. Future studies are needed to determine if interventions to reduce treatment delays can reduce racial disparities in this disease.
Enhanced Susceptibility to Context: A Promising Perspective on the Interplay of Genes and the Social Environment

The goal of this chapter is to demonstrate the importance of incorporating gene by environment (G × E) interactions into criminological research. In pursuit of this aim, the chapter is organized in the following way. We begin by providing a brief primer on genetic variation. We then turn our focus to the explosion of G × E research that has occurred in the past decade. These studies find that genetic variation often interacts with environmental context to influence the probability of various behaviors, including delinquency and crime. Importantly, in many, and perhaps most, of these studies the genetic variable, unlike the environmental variable, has little if any main effect on the outcome of interest. Rather, the influence of the genetic variable is limited to its moderation of the effect of the environmental construct. Such research does not undermine the importance of environmental factors; rather it shows how social scientific explanations of human behavior might be made more precise by incorporating genetic information. Finally, we consider various models of gene–environment interplay, paying particular attention to the differential susceptibility to context perspective. This model of G × E posits that a substantial proportion of the population is genetically predisposed to be more susceptible than others to environment influence. We discuss the methodological and theoretical implications of this perspective and argue that it is particularly relevant to the field of criminology.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Is Essential for the Resolution of Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections

Skin/soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent serious healthcare burdens worldwide. The host initially controls these infections with a pro-inflammatory infiltrate. However, once established, MRSA viability remains constant. To clear established MRSA SSTIs, the host must transition into the post-inflammatory resolution phase marked by infiltration of alternatively activated macrophages. Here we show that the host nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferation activator receptor γ (PPARγ), is essential for this transition and MRSA clearance. Chemical PPARγ inhibition or genetic ablation of PPARγ in myeloid cells results in an extended inflammatory phase and exacerbated MRSA SSTIs. Conversely, treating mice with PPARγ agonists hastens the onset of the resolution phase and improves MRSA clearance in a myeloid-dependent fashion. The resolving fibrotic abscess lacks abundant glucose and oxygen but is replete with antimicrobial peptides, which together contribute to MRSA clearance. Thus, PPARγ agonists may serve as viable treatment options for complicated MRSA SSTIs.
Physeal Acetabular Fracture in a Dog Treated with External Fixation.

ABSTRACTAn acetabular physeal fracture in a 13 wk old dog was treated with open fixation using Kirschner wire cross pins and a four-pin Type 1A external fixator, resulting in successful healing of ...
Benevolent Patriot: The Life and Times of Henry Rutgers—Part Two: "I Have Bestowed My Mite": The Revolutionary War Years

After participating in three early battles in the Revolutionary War, Henry Rutgers served during the rest of the conflict in an administrative capacity as a muster master and recruiter. Like many officers and soldiers, toward the end of the war he became disenchanted with the politics of the army and of Congress. During these years he also suffered the loss of several family members and friends. In occupied New York City, meanwhile, the British inflicted considerable damage on the Rutgers Farm.
Long-Term Follow-up of Myeloablative Haploidentical (HID) Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) Following Fludarabine and Total Body Irradiation (TBI)

Abstract Haploidentical donor (HID) transplant with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is being increasingly utilized worldwide. Although the original “Baltimore” protocol employed nonmyeloablative conditioning, there has been increasing interest in the use of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) in an attempt to decrease the risk of disease recurrence and graft failure. We present the long-term follow-up results of 82 consecutive patients receiving a MAC HID transplant at a single institution between 2011-2017, following a uniform protocol of Fludarabine/total body irradiation (TBI) 1200cGy conditioning, PTCy, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. PBSC was utilized as the graft source for all transplants and graft CD34 dose was capped at 5 x 106/kg. Median patient age was 42 (range 19-61) years. The most common diagnoses were AML (51%) and ALL (33%), and 39% were high/very high disease risk index (DRI). Donor was a child, sibling or parent in 35%, 43% and 22% respectively. Median follow-up time for surviving patients was 37 months. Primary engraftment occurred in all patients, with all patients achieving complete donor T cell and myeloid chimerism by day +30. There were no cases of late graft failure. The cumulative incidence of grade 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD was 17% and 22%, respectively. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 7% at one year and 12% at three years post-transplant. Overall survival at 1, 2, and 3 years post-transplant was 85%, 72% and 66% respectively (figure 1). Estimated 3-year DFS, current GVHD-, relapse-free survival (CGRFS), conventional GRFS, and relapse was 67%, 62%, 43%, and 21% respectively. DFS at 3-yr was significantly improved in patients with low/intermediate vs high/very high DRI (79% vs. 48%, figure 2) due to a lower risk of relapse (12% vs. 36%). Infectious complications included CMV reactivation in 55% of patients (CMV disease - 2%) and BK virus infection in 38% (severe - 2%). There were no reported cases of EBV lymphoproliferative disease. This large single institution analysis with long-term follow-up confirms the feasibility of Fludarabine/TBI-based MAC HID transplant with PBSC/PTCy in younger adult patients. This is supported by both the high rate of engraftment, low NRM and a 3-yr CGRFS of 62% (suggesting freedom from relapse and need for long-term systemic immunosuppression for GVHD). The achievement of long term DFS in approximately 80% of low/intermediate DRI and half of high/very high DRI patients is promising. Download : Download high-res image (325KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Solh: ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau.
Around the corner indirect passive imaging

In indirect passive imaging, the object of interest is occluded from the imager which has no control over illumination. Using a second-order (non-linear) image formation model we demonstrate (experimentally) the feasibility of passive indirect imaging.
Studies on the Healing of Human Vascular Grafts: Quantitative Analysis of Collagen and Collagen Types

Tissue encapsulating Dacron® vascular prostheses recovered from humans were extracted and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the distribution of genetically distinct collagen types. Type V collagen was in maximal concentration in extracts of tissues nearest to the prosthesis lumen. The pattern of distribution of collagen types across the prosthesis wall may be due to the influence of modulating factors originating in the blood flowing through the prosthesis, and factors produced by inflammatory cells chronically present at the tissue-biomaterial interface. We postulate that the macrophage may play a key role in determining the composition and organization of the pseudointima of human vascular grafts and the neointima in vascular grafts in animals. We suggest that the increased proportion of Type V collagen at or near the lumen contributes to the relatively nonthrombogenic properties of human pseudointima.
Selective endovascular cooling for stroke entails brain-derived neurotrophic factor and splenic IL-10 modulation

Stroke poses a serious health and economic burden, and the lack of treatment options necessitates a viable therapy. Hypothermia represents a promising stroke therapy, yet side effects of full-body cooling, such as pneumonia, limit its clinical application. Selective endovascular cooling (SEC), via infusion of cold saline through the intraarterial artery, represents an attractive alternative by locally cooling the brain while preserving body temperature. However, the mechanisms underlying SEC are poorly understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely recognized promotor of neuroplasticity and biomarker of stroke outcomes, as well as its association with inflammation, such as IL-10. Stroke-induced neuroinflammation exacerbates damage and stems from peripheral organs, namely the spleen. The spleen has emerged as a therapeutic target for stroke, yet the effect of SEC on the splenic inflammatory response is unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the local and peripheral mechanisms driving SEC as a neuroprotective stroke therapy by examining brain BDNF and splenic IL-10 expression. Animals that received SEC prior to stroke displayed elevated brain BDNF expression ipsilaterally and contralaterally across the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. SEC also upregulated splenic IL-10, suggesting alteration of the peripheral inflammatory response. The oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro model of stroke further demonstrated that "cold" rat splenocytes protected rat primary neurons by upregulating BDNF and IL-10. Altogether these data support BDNF- and IL-10-based mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective potential of SEC therapy for stroke, and further advance the concept of exploiting the pathological link between brain and spleen as therapeutic targets.
P513 Prevalence of hospital-acquired malnutrition in children at a tunisian tertiary referral hospital

Introduction Hospital-acquired malnutrition (HAM) occurs as a result of reduction in food intake and an increased calorie requirement resulting from high catabolic state induced by the disease.The prevalence of HAM is underestimated, mainly in the pediatric population. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hospital-acquired malnutrition in Tunisian children. Methods Prospective, descriptive and analytical study, including all children over 28 days of age hospitalized for at least 48 hours in the pediatric department ‘C’ of BECHIR HAMZA Children’s Hospital from April 2018 to September 2018, was conducted. Children with dehydration or edematous syndrome were excluded from the study. The prevalence of HAM was estimated by a 25% decrease in z-score BMI (body mass index) or z-score WFH (weight for height) from the time of admission to discharge. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors of HAM. Results We included 294 children in the study, with a mean age of 43.6 months. Conditions affecting upper and lower respiratory tract (32%) were the most common at admission followed by infectious diseases (21%) and gastrointestinal system conditions (10.5%). The prevalence of acute undernutrition (AUN) at admission was 25.5%. It was mild, moderate and severe respectively in 17%, 5% and 3.5% of cases. The prevalence of AUN at discharge was 34%. It was mild, moderate and severe respectively in 19%, 8% and 7% of cases. Duration of hospital stay ranged from 2 to 41 days with a median of 5 days. The prevalence of HAM was 28.6% (84/294) with a predominance in children aged Conclusion The prevalence of HAM in Tunisian children was high. Risk factors are multiple and their screening is essential for early and adequate management.
Diaspora policy’s impact on migrant organizations: fifteen years of the Tres por Uno program in Zacatecas, Mexico

Migrant origin countries are increasingly implementing diaspora policies to embrace and tap into emigrant communities. These policies often call for the participation of migrant organizations, but ...
The effect of rate design on power distribution reliability considering adoption of distributed energy resources

Abstract Electricity rates are a main driver for adoption of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) by private consumers. In turn, DERs are a major component of the reliability of energy access in the long run. Defining reliability indices in a paradigm where energy is generated both behind and in front of the meter is part of an ongoing discussion about the future role of utilities and system operators with many regulatory implications. This paper contributes to that discussion by analyzing the effect of rate design on the long term reliability indices of power distribution. A methodology to quantify this effect is proposed and a case study involving photovoltaic (PV) and storage technology adoption in California is presented. Several numerical simulations illustrate how electricity rates affect the grid reliability by altering dispatch and adoption of the DERs. We further document that the impact of rate design on reliability can be very different from the perspective of the utility versus that of the consumers. Our model affirms the positive connection between investments in DERs and the grid reliability and provides an additional tool to policy-makers for improving the reliability of the grid in the long term.
Educational and Diagnostic Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Characteristics

Research continues to highlight discrepancies between clinical diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and determination of special education eligibility for services within school settings. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of those discrepancies for the identification of appropriate services within schools. The aim of the current study is to examine students’ characteristics (e.g., language, social emotional) associated with educational eligibility and clinical diagnoses. More specifically, the study examines characteristics differentially associated with ASD diagnoses to inform targeted evidence-based interventions. The study accessed data from a four-year cluster-randomized trial of 283 students with and without reported ASD diagnosis. The results of the study demonstrate that the educational eligibility of Autism did not differentiate between students with and without autism on any of the measured characteristics including language, peer and social competence, academics, and aggressive behaviors. However, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2; Lord et al. in Autism diagnostic observation schedule. Western Psychological Services, Torrance, CA, 2012) classification was a more sensitive diagnostic measure for characteristics associated with autism. Implications for research, practitioners, and schools are discussed.
An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity

First published in 2002, this book offers an authoritative and accessible introduction to the New Testament and early Christian literature for all students of the Bible and the origins of Christianity. Delbert Burkett focuses on the New Testament, but also looks at a wealth of non-biblical writing to examine the history, religion and literature of Christianity in the years from 30 CE to 150 CE. The book is organized systematically with questions for in-class discussion and written assignments, step-by-step reading guides on individual works, special box features, charts, maps and numerous illustrations designed to facilitate student use. An appendix containing translations of primary texts allows instant access to the writings outside the canon. For this new edition, Burkett has reorganized and rewritten many chapters, and has also incorporated revisions throughout the text, bringing it up to date with current scholarship. This volume is designed for use as the primary textbook for one and two-semester courses on the New Testament and Early Christianity.
Determination of quantity and quality of groundwater discharge to a section of Bear Creek in central Iowa

Groundwater's contribution to surface water contamination from agricultural activities is poorly understood, particularly in till-dominated watersheds. The purpose of this study was to estimate the quantity of groundwater discharge to a 737-meter long section of Bear Creek in central Iowa. The site is located on an 18 hectare section of a private farm 2.5 km north of Roland, Iowa, Holocene alluvium and late Wisconsin till and supraglacial .sediment of the Des Moines Lobe (Dows Formation) overlie limestone, shale, and sandstone of Mississippian age (St. Louis Formation). Groundwater discharge to the creek was estimated using: 1) Darcy's Law, using hydraulic gradient and K data from minipiezometers in the creek, 2) seepage meter data, and 3) mass balance. Calculated groundwater discharges exhibited good general agreement between methods during April and May, 1994, and were 1.0 Lis (Darcy's Law), 0.7 -1.0 Lis (seepage meters), and less than 2 Lis (mass balance), Seepage meters indicated variability of groundwater discharge rates with sediment type. Mass balance revealed that upstream water and drainage tile flow within the site typically contribute over 95% of stream discharge, and groundwater samples from directly beneath the stream channel contain much less N03-N and atrazine than ambient stream water. The effect of low groundwater discharge rates coupled with the water quality data suggest that groundwater may not be a significant contributor to agrichemical contamination of surface water in this till-dominated watershed.
Molecular genetic analysis of the Escherichia coli phoP locus.

Abstract We have cloned the Escherichia coli phoP gene, a member of the family of environmentally responsive two-component systems, and found its deduced amino acid sequence to be 93% identical to that of the Salmonella typhimurium homolog, which encodes a major virulence regulator necessary for intramacrophage survival and resistance to cationic peptides of phagocytic cells. The phoP gene was mapped to kilobase 1202 on the Kohara map (25-min region) of the E. coli genome (Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987) and found to be transcribed in a counterclockwise direction. Both E. coli and S. typhimurium phoP mutants were more sensitive than their isogenic wild-type strains to the frog-derived antibacterial peptide magainin 2, suggesting a role for PhoP in the response to various stresses in both enteric species.
Collaboration technology from face-to-face to the office

The authors describe three levels of support for work teams: the independent level, the coordination level, and the collaboration level. They then describe a technical approach and model for group support systems research. The model addresses computer support for both face-to-face and dispersed environments. Activities supported in the model are idea generation, idea organization, idea prioritization, and idea development and exposition. The lessons learned in the laboratory and in the field are then described. The authors conclude with an expansion of the original research model and a discussion of current and future research directions at the University of Arizona. >
Optimal message log reclamation for uncoordinated checkpointing

An algorithm is presented for identifying all garbage message logs in systems requiring message logging to record in-transit messages. The approach is based on a previously derived method for identifying garbage checkpoints by means of recovery line transformation and decomposition.
Comparing imaging modalities for screening aortic complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valve

Objective Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is associated with aortic root and ascending aorta aneurysm and increased risk for aortic dissection. Guidelines recommend transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for primary aortic evaluation, although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) may be superior at detecting abnormalities. This study compares TTE and CMR imaging for aortic evaluation in patients with BAV. Design Data from all patients ≥13 years of age with BAV who underwent CMR between 2003 and 2009 at our institution were reviewed, including demographics, blood pressure (BP), and TTE findings prior to CMR. TTE and CMR aortic maximum diameter (MaxD) measurements were compared using paired t-tests. Based on CMR findings, TTE sensitivity was evaluated for aortic dilation (sinuses of Valsalva [SV] ≥ 3.5 cm, ascending aorta [AscAo] ≥ 3.8 cm), and aneurysm defined as MaxD cross-sectional area/height ≥ 10. Linear regression was used to identify risk factors associated with MaxD. Results There were 106 patients with mean age at CMR 34 ± 13 years. Mean CMR MaxD was 37 ± 7 mm. TTE and CMR MaxD mean difference (−1.6 mm) was statistically significantly (P =.002), particularly when TTE AscAo was not measured (−2.0 mm, P =.007). TTE sensitivity was 75% (SV) and 47% (AscAo) for dilation, and 100% (SV) and 83% (AscAo) for aneurysm. Bivariate correlation showed significant positive association between MaxD and diastolic BP and weight (P <.05). With multivariate regression, MaxD was significantly smaller in patients with coarctation of the aorta (P <.001). Conclusion TTE missed aortic dilation and aneurysm, particularly when AscAo evaluation was incomplete. Therefore, CMR is a valuable adjunctive imaging modality in aortic screening of patients with BAV.
Continuing education needs of non-specialty-trained Army general dentists.

In this survey, preferences for dental continuing education (C.E.) topics for non-specialty-trained Army general dentists were explored across personal and practice characteristics and were compared with C.E. topics that their supervisors think they need. Among general dentists, preferences for dental C.E. topics were found to vary across level of training, assignment location, experience, and presence of specialists in clinic of assignment. C.E. preferences of general dentists were found to be more narrowly clinically focused than those that their supervisors think they need. All groups ranked Management of Medical Emergencies as the most needed dental C.E. topic. The current inventory of Army dental C.E. courses is meeting the needs expressed by survey respondents with the exception of human relations courses. Topics such as Motivating Co-Workers, Management of Job Stress, and Working with Difficult People, which received high ratings in this survey, should be incorporated into the Army dental C.E. system.