cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steroid Hormone Receptors in the Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma Induced by N-Hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide

The steroid hormone receptors in N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA)- and N-hydroxy-2-FAA-induced mammary adenocarcinomas in outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed. Both 8S and 4S estrogen-binding components have been detected in cytosols of these tumors following sucrose gradient sedimentation in low salt. Competitive binding analyses of this binder indicated a specificity profile expected of an estrogen receptor. Both androgen and progesterone receptors were also present in the cytosols of these mammary tumors. While the androgen receptor sedimented in the 8S region of the gradient, the progestin binder appeared only as a 4S moiety under similar conditions. The relative concentrations of these receptors (expressed in fmol/mg protein +/- SE) were: 17 beta-estradiol (28.6 +/- 4.1) greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (8.5 +/- 2.2) greater than progesterone (5.0 +/- 1.3). The progesterone receptor was increased at least eightfold in the mammary adenocarcinomas from ovariectomized rats that were treated with diethylstilbestrol for 6 days. Binding equilibrium data indicated Ka = 1.2-1.8 X 10(9) M-1 for the above cytoplasmic hormone receptor complexes (Ka, association constant). Although cytosols prepared from lactating mammary gland contained appreciable quantities of glucocorticoid receptor, only trace amounts were found in the mammary adenocarcinoma.
Interdependent preference models as a theory of intentions

Abstract We provide a preference framework for situations in which “intentions matter.” A behavioral type describes the individual's observable characteristics and the individual's personality. We define a canonical behavioral type space and provide a condition that identifies collections of behavioral types that are equivalent to components of the canonical type space. We also develop a reciprocity model within our framework and show how it enables us to distinguish between strategic (or instrumental) generosity and true generosity.
Survival Analysis on HIV/AIDS Patients of Sexual Transmission after Antiviral Therapy

Objectives To understand the survival time and related factors for HIV/AIDS patients of sexual transmission after antiviral therapy,and provide information for control measures and behavioral intervention.MethodsData were collected from antiviral therapy of Chengdu derived from National AIDS prevention and control information system,and further conducted analysis using SPSS 19.0and Excel 2010.Results Totally 3 412 patients were enrolled and 176 died by December 31,2014,among which 80.68%(142/176)died of AIDS-related illnesses.The five-year survival rate was more than 90%,and Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that the factors to survival time were clinical stages,baseline CD4+T lymphocyte count,age,sex,marriage and educational level.Conclusions The 5-year survival rate of the sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS patients was higher than other kinds of transmission.Monitoring,testing,carrying out compliance education based on the crowds,early detection and treatment will be of great significance for the prolonged survival of HIV/AIDS.
Experimental Study on Decomposing Prescription of Sijunzi Decoction to Resist Exercise-induced Fatigue in Mice

Objective:The purpose of this study was to screen the effective herbal combination to resist ex-ercise-induced fatigue by decomposing Sijunzi decoction.Method:The total of 64 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Sijunzi decoction swimming group,Sijunzi decoction(no swimming)group,Dangshen group,and Baizhu-fuling group.There were 16 mice in each group.Animal model of exercise-induced fatigue was created by gradually increasing swimming time.Mice were killed four weeks later after exhausted swimming.Chang of indices including body weight of the mice,lactic acid(LD),creatine kinase(CK),liver glycogen(HG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were tested.Result:There was no statistically significance of body weight,LD,HG,BUN and LDH between each group.CK level of Sijunzi decoction swimming group was significantly lower than other groups(P 0.05).BUN level of Dangshen decoction was significantly lower than other groups(P 0.05).Conclu-sion:Danshen resists exercise-induced fatigue by reducing BUN and Sijunzi decoction resists exercise-induced fa-tigue by reducing CK.
Low-Valent Gallium, Indium, and Tin Compounds That Contain a Highly Fluorinated Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligand: Syntheses and Characterization of [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Ga, [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]In, and [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Sn(CF3SO3)

Syntheses and characterization of gallium(I), indium(I), and tin(II) complexes of the [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]- ligand (where [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]- = hydrotris(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolyl)borate)) are reported. X-ray crystal structures of [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]In and [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Sn(CF3SO3) show monomeric structures in the solid state. The In-N and Sn-N bond distances are longer than the corresponding bond distances of nonfluorinated analogues. NMR data of the gallium(I) adduct [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Ga are very similar to those of the indium(I) analogue suggesting similar solution structures.
New Insights into Mechanisms and Functions of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Receptor 4 Heteromerization in Vascular Smooth Muscle

Recent evidence suggests that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) heteromerizes with α1A/B-adrenoceptors (AR) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) and that CXCR4:α1A/B-AR heteromers are important for α1-AR function in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Structural determinants for CXCR4 heteromerization and functional consequences of CXCR4:α1A/B-AR heteromerization in intact arteries, however, remain unknown. Utilizing proximity ligation assays (PLA) to visualize receptor interactions in VSMC, we show that peptide analogs of transmembrane-domain (TM) 2 and TM4 of CXCR4 selectively reduce PLA signals for CXCR4:α1A-AR and CXCR4:ACKR3 interactions, respectively. While both peptides inhibit CXCL12-induced chemotaxis, only the TM2 peptide inhibits phenylephrine-induced Ca2+-fluxes, contraction of VSMC and reduces efficacy of phenylephrine to constrict isolated arteries. In a Cre-loxP mouse model to delete CXCR4 in VSMC, we observed 60% knockdown of CXCR4. PLA signals for CXCR4:α1A/B-AR and CXCR4:ACKR3 interactions in VSMC, however, remained constant. Our observations point towards TM2/4 of CXCR4 as possible contact sites for heteromerization and suggest that TM-derived peptide analogs permit selective targeting of CXCR4 heteromers. A molecular dynamics simulation of a receptor complex in which the CXCR4 homodimer interacts with α1A-AR via TM2 and with ACKR3 via TM4 is presented. Our findings further imply that CXCR4:α1A-AR heteromers are important for intrinsic α1-AR function in intact arteries and provide initial and unexpected insights into the regulation of CXCR4 heteromerization in VSMC.
Recovering from mDNS Domain Failures.

‘mDNS’ a hierarchical multicast session directory service architecture, which has been recently submitted to IETF editorial board for publication under Best Current Practice (BCP) track, allows administrative domains to join the global hierarchy incrementally. The global structure dynamically adapts to the changing topology. This paper describes the various failure scenarios in the proposed IETF document and especially the scenario where a participating domain goes down completely. It describes how such a scenario could effect end users’ experience and how the system can temporarily recover from such failures until the erring domain can be revived.
Gd3+ -- Cr3+ Energy Transfer and Cr3+ Decay Dynamics in Cr3+ -Doped GSGG, GSAG, and GGG

A rapid energy transfer from the Gd3+ ions to the Cr3+ ions in the chromium doped gadolinium garnets GSGG, GSAG and GGG has been investigated. The process is characterized by a rapid energy migration on the Gd sublattice and a rate limiting Gd3+ ➝ Cr3+ step. The nonexponential Cr3+ decay kinetics are interpreted in terms of the structural disorder of the garnets.
Rumor and Truth Spreading Patterns on Social Network Sites During Social Crisis: Big Data Analytics Approach

Social network sites give their users the ability to create contents and share it with others. During social crisis, the spread of false and true information could have profound impacts on users. Lack of prior studies to compare differences between diffusion patterns of rumors and truths during social crisis is the motivation of this study. In this study, we examine the role of information credibility, anxiety, personal involvement, and social ties on rumor and truth spread during social crisis. Building on the rumor theory, we propose a research model to examine differences between spread of rumors and truths. Using the Tweeter data collected during the Baltimore riots in 2015, we test the research model. Theoretical contributions and practical implications will be outlined based on the findings of the study. We anticipate findings will provide new avenues of research by determining characteristics of truths and rumors in online contexts.
Agent Learning to Manage Costs for Event Detection

Recent scandals around manipulated financial filings have caused investors and analysts to search for alternative ways to study the financial health of companies. The use of news events such as CEO or auditor changes has proven valuable at providing insights into the status of a company's financial health. However, this information can be extremely difficult and expensive to gather in practice. An intelligent multi-agent system was designed and developed to simulate the collection of news events in an efficient, cost-effective manner. Results show that a multi-agent system is an effective tool for collecting critical business intelligence while minimizing cost.
Non-derivatized Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Amino Acids, Acylcarnitines, Succinylacetone, Creatine, and Guanidinoacetic Acid in Dried Blood Spots by Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder which results in global developmental delay and intellectual disability. There is evidence that early treatment prevents intellectual disability and seizures. GAMT deficiency is now being discussed as a potential addition to the U.S. Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP); the availability of suitable screening methods must be considered. A neonatal screening derivatized method to quantify creatine (CRE) and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in dried blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been described. Its key feature is the ability to detect CRE and GAA in the same extract generated from neonatal dried blood spots (DBS’s) during amino acids (AA) and acylcarnitines (AC) analysis. More laboratories are adopting non-derivatized MS/MS screening methods. We describe an improved, non-derivatized DBS extraction and MS/MS analytical method (AAAC-GAMT) that incorporates quantitation of CRE and GAA into routine analysis of amino acids, acylcarnitines, and succinylacetone. The non-derivatized AAAC-GAMT method performs comparably to the stand-alone GAMT and non-derivatized AAAC screening methods, supporting its potential suitability for high-throughput GAMT neonatal screening.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: Gastrointestinal Features

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Those affected will have fragmentation of elastic fibers in various tissues throughout the body. The prevalence is thought to be about 1:25,000 with a 2:1 female to male predominance.
Comparative Analysis of Recreation Management Curricula Among Doctoral-Granting Universities

Currently, there are 16 universities granting doctoral degrees in recreation or leisure in the United States. These universities offer differing degrees amongst differing colleges and with different names; each university requires a specific number of total credit hours, research/statistic credit hours, and a “core” set of classes to complete for graduation. This study explores the various programs. Mixed methodology is used to derive meaning from the data; central tendencies for credits and qualitative coding to produce salient themes among the core classes. Threshold Capability Integrated Theoretical Framework was applied to make greater sense of curriculum development in a recreation setting. Finally, a geographic analysis of degree programs was conducted to add richness to the study.
Exploring the Role of Social Media Platforms in Informing Trip Planning: Case of Yelp.com:

Understanding how travelers make mobility decisions has always been central to transportation studies. The growing availability of information and communication technologies in everyday life and their role in conveying more recent, relevant, and customized information have substantially changed the context within which trip decisions are made. Whether travelers are actively seeking pretrip information or merely surfing the web, they have access through social media to user-generated information that may affect their mobility decisions. This study forms an exploratory step in understanding how one such social media platform, Yelp.com, designed to allow users to review and rate their experiences at any visited business, can serve as an information source for activity and trip planning in the pretrip process. In particular, the study explored (a) the relative depth, (b) the sentiment associated with, and (c) the type of information in transport-related reviews on Yelp.com. This research has implications for ...
Sorption-desorption equilibrium and diffusion of tetracycline in poultry litter and municipal biosolids soil amendments

Abstract Tetracycline (TET) is commonly used to treat bacterial diseases in humans and chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), is largely excreted, and is found at elevated concentrations in treated sewage sludge (biosolids) and poultry litter (excrement plus bedding materials). Routine application of these nutrient-and carbon-enriched materials to soils improves fertility and other characteristics, but the presence of antibiotics (and other pharmaceuticals) in amendments raises questions about potential adverse effects on biota and development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Hazard risks are largely dictated by sorption-desorption and diffusion behavior in amendments, so these processes were evaluated from sorption-desorption equilibrium isotherm and diffusion cell experiments with four types amendments (biosolids, poultry manure, wood chip litter, and rice hull litter) at three temperatures (8 °C, 20 °C and 32 °C). Linear sorption-desorption equilibrium distribution constants (Kd) in native amendments ranged between 124–2418 L kg−1. TET sorption was significantly increased after treatment with alum, and there was a strong exponential relationship between Kd and the concentration of bound Al3+ in amendments (R2 = 0.94), which indicated that amendments contained functional groups capable of chelating Al3+ and forming metal bridges with TET. Effective diffusion coefficients of TET in amendments ranged between 0.1 and 5.2 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, which were positively related to temperature and inversely related to Kd by a multiple regression model (R2 = 0.86). Treatment of organic amendments with alum greatly increased Kd, would decrease Ds, and so would greatly reduce hazard risks of applying these organic amendments with this antibiotic to soils.
Our Own Power to Act

I am not an anarchist, but I often get mistaken for one. That is probably because I advocate for a political position that insists that the State is necessarily a relation of domination. We should ...
Submerged aquatic vegetation correlations with depth and light attenuating materials in a shallow subtropical lake

A 3-year study was done to quantify the biomass of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and its relationship with environmental attributes in Lake Okeechobee, the largest lake in the southeastern United States. Plants were sampled on 21 occasions at sites located along 15 fixed transects around the shoreline, giving rise to 721 observations of SAV species (Chara spp., Vallisneria americana, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton illinoinensis) dry weight biomass. Environmental sampling focused on factors that attenuate light, including phytoplankton chlorophyll a (chl a), total suspended solids (TSS), non-volatile suspended solids (NVSS) and color. Depth and Secchi transparency also were measured. Based on regression analysis, NVSS was considerably more important in attenuating light than chl a or color. Total biomass of SAV varied from 0 to 271 g dw m−2, with a mean of 4.7 g dw m−2, and strong dominance by Chara. The SAV biomass was lower than average for Florida lakes, and may reflect the influence of suspended solids on underwater irradiance, as well as high water level in the late 1990s. Dense SAV was found only where depth was < 2 m and TSS < 20–30 mg l−1. At locations where high biomass of SAV occurred, the plants may have influenced water quality, because concentrations of TSS, NVSS, and chl a were 2–3 fold lower than at sites with no plants. The potential effects of SAV also were apparent at a regional scale. The shoreline region of the lake displayed a pattern of rising and falling chl a and NVSS with water depth. This occurred both at sites with and without plants, suggesting that it may be driven by physical processes, such as water circulation patterns, which are influenced by depth. However, the pattern was dampened at sites with SAV, indicating a potential to influence these attributes of water quality.
Robotic Appendiceal Interposition With Right Lower Pole Calycostomy, Downward Nephropexy, and Psoas Hitch for the Management of an Iatrogenic Near-complete Ureteral Avulsion.

Although iatrogenic ureteral injuries are rare, they have potentially devastating consequences for both patients and physicians, and their management remains challenging. We report a case of a 51-year-old morbidly obese (body mass index = 63) woman who suffered an iatrogenic 15-cm right ureteral avulsion during hysteroscopic biopsy. Preoperative antegrade and retrograde pyelograms demonstrated no true renal pelvis and a 3-cm blind-ending distal ureteral stump. The patient underwent a right robotic downward nephropexy, psoas hitch, lower pole calycostomy, and 11-cm appendiceal interposition. At 6 months postoperatively, renal scan demonstrated stable right renal function with no evidence of obstruction.
1.04 – The Neurobiology of Social Affiliation and Pair Bonding

Positive social interactions, including affiliations and social bonds, dominate the behavioral repertoire of humans and many higher vertebrates. The purpose of this chapter is to examine – in the context of phylogeny, ontogeny, and clinical implications – mechanisms underlying social affiliation and social bonds drawing primarily from research in rodents, sheep, and primates. Various forms of positive social behaviors, including pair bonding and maternal–infant behavior, rely on shared neural and endocrine systems. Discussed here are neuroendocrine processes that support the formation of and coordinate the behavioral and autonomic states associated with social bonding including oxytocin, endogenous opioids, vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, dopamine, and a variety of steroids.
Risk Management Usage and Impact on Information Systems Project Success

This article explores the usage of risk management practices on virtual Information Systems projects to address the growing industry practice of geographically separated teams. A survey of 557 virtual-project managers assessed usage of risk management practices and association with successful outcomes. The Theory of Reasoned Action is used to model attitudes and behavior. Correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between risk management and successful outcomes, irrespective of success measured by budget, functionality, or schedule. Findings indicated that while the highest levels of risk management usage were characteristic of project success for virtual projects, many well-trained project managers are short-cutting use of all three core practices. While risk assessment and risk control are typically performed, only 52% of participants completed the final step of developing a risk management plan. This may not only lead to sub-optimal project outcomes, but also renders the first two actions an inefficient use of resources.
Dissolution Kinetics of U3Si2 Particles in Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide

Nonproliferation concerns leading to the conversion from high- to low-enriched uranium sparked interest in U 3 Si 2 dispersion targets as an option for 99 Mo production. Dissolution of irradiated targets is an important step in recovering fission-product 9 9 Mo. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions dissolved U 3 Si 2 particles in an open batch reactor; samples were analyzed for total peroxide and uranium concentrations as functions of time and temperature. Dissolution rates are highest at 1 to 1.5 M NaOH and change little for initial base concentrations from 0.5 to 2.5 MNaON indicating relatively robust process conditions. Uranium dissolution rates depend most strongly on the equilibrium concentration of the peroxyl ion (O 2 H - ), an equilibrium product of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl ion (OH-). Temperature and equilibrium concentrations of O 2 H - and OH - are included in a uranium dissolution rate model.
Philosophy and Community-Based Interventions

As part of the rebellion of the 1960s, various movements throughout the world tried to reassess the status of the insane and others who might need assistance. The point was for these persons to have the right to a fulfilling life, untrammeled by unresponsive political institutions and other imperious organizations. In the USA, for example, President Kennedy signed into law the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act in 1963. As a result, the nature of health planning was supposed to be transformed dramatically by this “bold new approach” to dealing with human services (Sharfstein, Psychiatric services 51(5): 616–620, 2000). In time, this sort of re-orientation took place in various countries throughout the world. This outlook built on and supported additional modalities of action research that called for local involvement in conducting studies and creating interventions, along with a critique of mainstream institutions. As a result, the community was elevated in importance, in addition to the revolutionary element of participation. To many persons, this change was shocking but consistent with a trend in many areas to open the society to novel ideas and encourage change. Prior to the inauguration of this statute, services were provided mostly by professionals in large institutions. The insane, for example, were treated in asylums removed from the mainstream society. As Erving Goffman documented in his book Asylums(1962), these organizations were bureaucratic and generally inhumane. But other, more private facilities were not much better. The problem with this general approach is that patients were rarely discharged from these institutions. Critics began to refer to this method of care as “warehousing” (Paulson, Closing the asylums, 2012, p. 10).
Aspartame degradation as a function of "water activity".

The incorporation of aspartame into an increasing number of foods necessitates evaluation of its degradation kinetics as a function of “water activity” (aw). The kinetics of degradation were followed in model systems as a function of initial pH, temperature, and aw. An increase in aw, for each 0.1 units in the 0.3 to 0.7 range, resulted in about a 30–80% increase in degradation rate, which then decreased only slowly up to dilute solution. The presence of oil increased the degradation rate at high aw, but glucose had no effect on the rate of aspartame loss. The activation energies for loss ranged from 25 to 20 kcal/mole, decreasing as aw increased, as expected. The rates as a function of pH showed that the actual pH of the water in the condensed phase, based on the Bronsted relationship, may be very different than the initial pH. This caused a shift in the pH at which the fastest rate of degradation occurred, as aw increased.
An IS Capstone Project: The Mywick Property Management System

This paper describes a project suitable for use in an upper division course requiring the completion of analysis, design and implementation of a software system. It is especially useful for illustrating multiple cycles through the development process, as well as for integrating key concepts from a number of fundamental knowledge clusters in a typical undergraduate IS program of study. These knowledge clusters include database management, project management, programming principles, and system analysis and design. In the pilot class, students employed use case analysis as well as standard object-oriented techniques such as class diagrams and sequence diagrams. Students followed a modified version of the Team Software Process, with special attention paid to the postmortem following each of two cycles. Teaching tools included the use of a special email address allowing students to converse with the “client.”
Rule-Based Integrity Checking of Interrupt Descriptor Tables in Cloud Environments

An interrupt descriptor table (IDT) is used by a processor to transfer the execution of a program to software routines that handle interrupts raised during the normal course of operation or to signal an exceptional condition such as a hardware failure. Attackers frequently modify IDT pointers to execute malicious code. This paper describes the IDTchecker tool, which uses a rule-based approach to check the integrity of the IDT and the corresponding interrupt handling code based on a common scenario encountered in cloud environments. In this scenario, multiple virtual machines (VMs) run the same version of an operating system kernel, which implies that IDT-related code should also be identical across the pool of VMs. IDTchecker leverages this scenario to compare the IDTs and the corresponding interrupt handlers across the VMs for inconsistencies based on a pre-defined set of rules. Experimental results related to the effectiveness and runtime performance of IDTchecker are presented. The results demonstrate that IDTchecker can detect IDT and interrupt handling code modifications without much impact on guest VM resources.
Elucidating the Role of Diphosphine Ligand in Nickel-Mediated Suzuki–Miyaura Polycondensation

Synthesizing conjugated polymers using controlled polymerization techniques offers tremendous flexibility in the preparation of well-defined semiconducting materials. Suzuki–Miyaura coupling has emerged as a powerful method for these polymerizations since it can be conducted under mild conditions, a range of boron reagents can be employed, and it is exceptionally functional group tolerant. We have analyzed the Ni(dppp)Cl2 mediated Suzuki–Miyaura chain-growth polycondensation of 3-hexylthiophene and discovered that a portion of the precatalyst hydrolyzes at the outset of the reaction. Surprisingly, this loss of catalyst is critical to achieving a controlled polymerization as it releases free ligand into the reaction mixture, suppressing chain transfer. The identity of the ligand is also critical, as PPh3 and dppe do not produce the same behavior. Overall, the study offers an improved understanding of conjugated polymer synthesis when using weaker nucleophiles such as boronate esters or boronic acids in Suz...
Subcellular organization of UBE3A in human cerebral cortex

Loss of UBE3A causes Angelman syndrome, whereas excess UBE3A activity appears to increase the risk for autism. Despite this powerful association with neurodevelopmental disorders, there is still much to be learned about UBE3A, including its cellular and subcellular organization in the human brain. The issue is important, since UBE3A’s localization is integral to its function. We used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of UBE3A in the adult human cerebral cortex. Experiments were performed on multiple tissue sources, but our results focused on optimally preserved material, using surgically resected human temporal cortex of high ultrastructural quality from nine individuals. We demonstrate that UBE3A is expressed in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and to a lesser extent in glial cells. We find that UBE3A in neurons has a non-uniform subcellular distribution. In somata, UBE3A preferentially concentrates in euchromatin-rich domains within the nucleus. Electron microscopy reveals that labeling concentrates in the head and neck of dendritic spines and is excluded from the PSD. Strongest labeling within the neuropil was found in axon terminals. By highlighting the subcellular compartments in which UBE3A is likely to function in the human neocortex, our data provide insight into the diverse functional capacities of this E3 ligase. These anatomical data may help to elucidate the role of UBE3A in Angelman syndrome and autism spectrum disorder.
The Relationship of Cardiometabolic Risk and Auditory Processing among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study.

Objectives There is limited research in population-based studies on auditory processing. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of auditory processing impairment in the Jackson Heart Study cohort and to identify potential relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors. Study design Cross-sectional study. Setting Jackson Heart Study in Jackson, Mississippi. Subjects Participants of an all-African American cardiovascular study cohort (n = 1314). Methods The Quick Speech-in-Noise and Dichotic Digits, Double Pairs tests were used to assess auditory processing. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine how participants' cardiometabolic risk factors and audiologic characteristics were associated with speech perception in noise and binaural integration. Results Quick Speech-in-Noise and Dichotic Digits, Double Pairs testing showed a prevalence of auditory processing impairment in 69% and 71% of the cohort, respectively, which was significantly related to age, hearing thresholds, sex, and education level. With covariate adjustment in statistical models for age, sex, pure tone average, and education level, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and hypertension were statistically predictive of auditory processing impairment ( P Conclusion The results suggest a high prevalence of auditory processing deficits in the Jackson Heart Study cohort. In addition, cardiometabolic and audiologic factors show a statistically significant independent relationship with auditory impairment measures.
THE DETECTION OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES BY THEIR INFLUENCES ON THE IONOSPHERE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the detection of artificial satellites by their influences on the ionosphere. In 1958, Dr. Kraus of the Ohio State University Radio Observatory reported the apparent correlation between strong bursts of 20-Mc WWV signals and the near approach of the satellites Sputnik I and II. Anomalies in the transmitted signals from Sputnik I at a frequency of 20.005 Mc is caused by satellite-induced ionization. These phenomena and the WWV method of detection have been investigated at the Antenna Laboratory, in conjunction with other satellite transmission experiments, in order to determine the apparent change in radar echo area caused by the interaction of a satellite or space vehicle in an ionized atmosphere. The interaction of a satellite with the ionosphere under normal conditions does not produce a sufficiently effective redistribution of ionization in the local region surrounding the satellite to permit detection by the WWV experiments described in the chapter. However, on comparatively rare occasions, particularly when ionospheric conditions are disturbed, there is some evidence of a satellite related effect on the ionosphere being observed.
Collective Trolling as a Form of Organizational Resistance: Analysis of the #Justiceforbradswife Twitter Campaign

This case study analyzed Twitter posts from the #JusticeForBradsWife campaign against the Cracker Barrel (CB) restaurant chain. Participants in the counterinstitutional movement employed diverse me...
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin for Antibody Deficiency in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated Vasculitis.

Objectives Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is used to treat antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) patients with recurrent infections as a result of hypogammaglobulinemia (HG) induced by treatment regimens. We sought to characterize clinical features, treatment, and outcomes for patients treated with the novel subcutaneous IgG (SCIG) for the aforementioned purpose. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 136 patients in our ANCA database to identify patients with recurrent infections and HG subsequently treated with SCIG. Patient demographics, serologies, treatment, and immunological parameters were assessed. Results Of 136 patients, four were treated with SCIG. All were Caucasian, proteinase-3 (PR3)-positive, and the majority (n = 3) were females. All patients had pulmonary involvement, and regimens of cyclophosphamide (CYC) and/or rituximab (RTX) were employed for induction and remission. Three patients each experienced recurrent bouts of respiratory tract infections and shingles. Ig levels (G, M, and A) were reduced in all patients, except for one patient who had normal IgA levels. CD19/20 cells were depleted and CD3/4/8/NK cells were preserved in all patients. Three patients had no discernible antibody response to the pneumococcal vaccine (specific pneumococcal serotypes measured pre- and post-vaccine). The mean duration elapsed between the first rituximab administration and commencement of SCIG was 7.2 years. The IgG level normalized and none of the patients had a recurrence of infection since the initiation of SCIG. Conclusion This data, albeit preliminary, is the first series that demonstrates SCIG can be a reliable alternative to IVIG in ANCA patients with recurrent infections secondary to HG. Early identification of this subset of patients is likely to mitigate infectious risks, associated morbidity, and hospitalization.
A comparison of liquid-liquid extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for multiclass organic contaminants in wastewater by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) are extraction methods used for the analysis of contaminants in aqueous samples. In this study, both LLE and SBSE were compared for the extraction of priority pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in wastewater influent and effluent samples, for analysis with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). The methods were compared for their extraction efficiency of a broad range of compounds, matrix effects, accurate and reliable quantification of targets, and sensitivity. The target analytes studied were semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalate esters, anilines, ethers, aromatic nitro compounds, and nitrosamines. LLE allowed for a higher number of target analytes to be extracted with over 70% recovery and quantified more targets in the influent samples. Matrix interference effects had a negative impact on the recovery of non-polar contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the influent water samples especially with SBSE. In SBSE, 24 target analytes demonstrated significant matrix interference leading to poor analyte recovery and 13 analytes were negatively affected in the same way in LLE. Generally, polar compounds also demonstrated poor extraction with SBSE in both effluent and influent water samples. However, SBSE effluent chromatograms contained about three times as many total analytes as compared with LLE, suggesting that SBSE is more sensitive for trace contaminants in effluent samples. Based on this research, LLE is recommended for studies seeking to quantify a broad range of target analytes in complex matrices, like wastewater influent. SBSE is an appropriate method for the non-target and survey analysis of trace contaminants in less complex water samples.
Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to Reproductive Success and Failure in Potato

The foundation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding and the development of new potato varieties is the crossing of parents to produce seeds that contain new combinations of alleles that may be superior to those in either parent. In this review, we begin by highlighting a signature problem of potato breeding, the widespread lack of fertility observed in many lines. We summarize normal development of male and female reproductive structures, fertilization and embryo growth. Various manifestations of male and female sterility are then described. These include defects of meiosis and mitosis, bud abscission, competition between reproductive structures and tubers for resources, and cytoplasmic male sterility. Effects of environmental determinants, such as temperature and light intensity, on fertility are discussed. Finally, suggested best practices that promote fertility are provided as a guide for those conducting breeding and genetics work with potato.
Measuring Financial Distress and Quality of Life Over Time in Patients With Gynecologic Cancer—Making the Case to Screen Early in the Treatment Course

PURPOSE:Our objective was to measure the trajectory of financial distress and to determine its relationship with quality of life (QOL) among patients with cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted ...
The Role of Intermediaries in Derivatives Markets: Evidence from VIX Options

Consistent with models in which intermediaries absorb net demand pressure from end-users and respond by changing prices, net option demand is positively related to option prices in the market for VIX puts and VIX calls. These findings are consistent with existing results for S&P 500 index (SPX) options (Bollen and Whaley (2004)). They are very robust to variations in the empirical implementation. A joint analysis of net demand pressure in VIX and SPX option markets suggests that the VIX option markets are highly integrated with the SPX put market, but much less so with the market for SPX calls. The impact of net demand shocks on future prices is limited, but shocks to prices significantly affect future net demand.
Double Fertilization in Nonflowering Seed Plants and Its Relevance to the Origin of Flowering Plants

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the process of intra-archegonial double fertilization in nonflowering seed plants. Among extant nonflowering seed plants (Coniferales, Cycadales, Ginkgo biloba , and Gnetales), multiple fertilization events within a single ovule can result from two distinct processes. The first involves the fertilization of separate eggs within two or more archegonia of a single ovule and results in the production of multiple embryos, a phenomenon referred to as “simple polyembryony.” A second manner in which multiple fertilization events can occur within a single ovule in nonflowering seed plants involves a phenomenon referred to as “intra-archegonial double fertilization.” During this process, separate sperm fertilize an egg nucleus and a second female nucleus within the same archegonium. The establishment of a process of intra-archegonial double fertilization in nonflowering seed plants is dependent upon a number of specific developmental preconditions: (1) the presence of a second female nucleus at the site of normal fertilization, the ventral canal nucleus, may serve this role by being persistent through the time of normal fertilization, (2) acquisition of egg-like features by the second female nucleus allowing it to function as a female gamete and attract and fuse with a sperm nucleus, and (3) consistent entry of a second functional sperm nucleus into the archegonial cavity to participate in a second fertilization event.
The Eisenmenger syndrome. A clinical and physiologic reappraisal.

Abstract Ninety-one cases of congenital heart disease with bidirectional or reversed central shunt and high total pulmonary vascular resistance are presented. The clinical examination including history, physical examination, electrocardiogram and chest roentgenogram is of little help in determining the site of the shunt. Cardiac catheterization aids in localizing the lesion, but a second defect may be present even though 1 defect has been clearly demonstrated. Careful follow-up examinations are therefore necessary, and postoperative catheterizations mandatory. Routine use of tolazoline hydrochloride is indicated to assess reactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed, and no physiologic study is considered complete without this procedure. Management is predicated on the reactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed, and it is stressed that the term Eisenmenger syndrome does not necessarily connote inoperability. Surgery, either correction of the defect or pulmonary arterial banding, is indicated in the patient whose level of total pulmonary resistance falls to normal or near normal with tolazoline. Supportive medical management is provided for patients with fixed pulmonary vascular changes.
Robotic stage for head motion correction in stereotactic radiosurgery

A novel 4 Degree-of-freedom (4D) robotic system was developed to correct both translational and rotational head motion deviations during image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery procedures. The correction was non-invasive, and was performed in real-time with high positioning accuracy. An optical system was used for real-time 6D head position tracking, and a decoupling control law was designed to control the 4D stage for the motion correction in xyz direction and pitch angle. Both experiments on an phantom and volunteers was used to demonstrate the control performance. With motion correction, on average, over 99% of the time the translational error was within 0.5 mm, and the pitch angle error was within 0.2 degrees.
Festigkeitslehre und Elastizitätstheorie

Die Aufgabe der Festigkeitslehre ist anzugeben, welche auseren Krafte ein fester Korper (etwa ein Bauwerk, ein Bauteil, der Baugrund) zu ertragen vermag. Der Beantwortung dieser Frage dienen zwei Kriterien: Einerseits durfen die sogleich zu definierenden Spannungen gewisse, vom Baustoff abhangige. Grenzen nicht uberschreiten, anderseits mus das von den auseren und inneren Kraften gebildete Gleichgewicht stabil sein. Dementsprechend gliedert sich die ganze Festigkeitslehre in eine „Spannungstheorie“ und eine „Stabilitatstheorie“. Der ersteren dienen die Teile I–VII, der letzteren Teil VIII dieses Kapitels.
Comment on "new pseudophase structure for alpha-Pu".

A Comment on the Letter by J. Bouchet et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 095503 (2004). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Adaptive Tool Path Planning for 5-Axis Sculptured Surface Machining by Machining Strip Evaluation

This paper presents a new approach to non-isoparametric 5-axis NC tool path generation for complex surface machining by using the techniques of feasible machining strip evaluation. A searching algorithm is developed to find the parameter increments of adjacent cutter locations along orthogonal path intervals for non-isoparametric path generation. The techniques presented in this paper can be used to automate the non-isoparametric 5-axis cutter path generation and reduce the total machining time for CAD/CAM systems.
Evolutionary Patterns of Gene Families Generated in the Early Stage of Vertebrates

In this paper we have analyzed 49 vertebrate gene families that were generated in the early stage of vertebrates and/or shortly before the origin of vertebrates, each of which consists of three or four member genes. We have dated the first (T1) and second (T2) gene duplications of 26 gene families with 3 member genes. The means of T1 (594 mya) and T2 (488 mya) are largely consistent to a well-cited version of two-round (2R) genome duplication theory. Moreover, in most cases, the time interval between two successive gene duplications is large enough that the fate of duplicate genes generated by the first gene duplication was likely to be determined before the second one took place. However, the phylogenetic pattern of 23 gene families with 4 members is complicated; only 5 of them are predicted by 2R model, but 11 families require an additional gene (or genome) duplication. For the rest (7 families), at least one gene duplication event had occurred before the divergence between vertebrate and Drosophila, indicating a possible misleading of the 4:1 rule (member gene ratio between vertebrates and invertebrates). Our results show that Ohno's 2R conjecture is valid as a working hypothesis for providing a most parsimonious explanation. Although for some gene families, additional gene duplication is needed, the credibility of the third genome duplication (3R) remains to be investigated.
Management of Bladder Diverticula in Menkes Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Menkes syndrome is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism, often with urologic complications, including bladder diverticula and vesicoureteral reflux. A 1-year-old boy with Menkes syndrome presented with recurrent urinary tract infections and incomplete bladder emptying secondary to 2 large bladder diverticula. He underwent robot-assisted excision of both diverticula with subsequent improved emptying and resolution of urinary tract infections. There is no consensus on management of bladder diverticula in Menkes syndrome. Because the life span of these patients is significantly shortened, one must select an intervention based on their clinical condition, potential morbidities, and informed expectations of the family.
Comprehensive understanding of schizophrenia and its treatment.

An overview of schizophrenia is presented, including diagnostic criteria, etiology, neurologic findings, pharmacotherapy options, quality-of-life issues, and the financial impact of the disease. Schizophrenia is a chronic disease characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, mood symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Often comorbid substance abuse is present. Schizophrenia accounts for 20% of all hospital bed-days and over 50% of all psychiatric beds in the United States. There is a strong genetic component to schizophrenia, and other possible contributing factors are explored. The diagnostic workup should include a detailed longitudinal history, mental status exam, physical and neurologic exams, and laboratory tests. A magnetic resonance imaging scan can rule out structural causes of psychosis and should be considered at the time of diagnosis. Treatment is based on a biopsychosocial model including pharmacotherapy in combination with individual, group, and family therapies. Rather than classifying antipsychotics as typical or atypical, a new classification scheme has been proposed based on risk of causing extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia (TD), effect on prolactin level, and efficacy profile: first-generation or traditional agents (e.g., chlorpromazine and haloperidol); second-generation agents (e.g., risperidone and ziprasidone); and third-generation agents (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine). The binding affinities of antipsychotics in the brain help explain the mechanisms by which different antipsychotics alleviate specific symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as cause specific adverse effects. Improved cognition, fewer depressive and mood symptoms, and decreased risk of TD associated with third-generation antipsychotics have improved the quality of life for patients with schizophrenia.