cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response: The new role of SAGE in gene discovery

References 1 Lander, E.S. et al. (2001) Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860–921 2 Venter, J.C. et al. (2001) The sequence of the human genome. Science 291, 1304–1351 3 Hogenesch, J.B. et al. (2001) A comparison of the Celera and Ensembl predictedgenesetsreveals littleoverlapinnovelgenes.Cell106,413–415 4 Kapranov, P. et al. (2002) Large-scale transcriptional activity in chromosomes 21 and 22. Science 296, 916–919 5 Boguski, M.S. et al. (1993) dbEST – database for ‘expressed sequence tags’. Nat. Genet. 4, 332–333 6 Velculescu, V.E. et al. (1995) Serial analysis of gene expression. Science 270, 484–487 7 Saha, S. et al. (2002) Using the transcriptome to annotate the genome. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 508–512 8 Ko, M.S. (2001) Embryogenomics: developmental biology meets genomics. Trends Biotechnol. 19, 511–518 9 Anisimov, S.V. et al. (2002) SAGE identification of gene transcripts with profiles unique to pluripotent mouse R1 embryonic stem cells. Genomics 79, 169–176 10 Anisimov, S.V. et al. (2002) SAGE identification of differentiation responsive genes in P19 embryonic cells induced to form cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mech. Dev. 202, 25–74 11 Stern, M.D. et al. Can transcriptome size be estimated from SAGE catalogs? Bioinformatics (in press) 12 Chen, J. et al. (2002) Identifying novel transcripts and novel genes in the human genome by using novel SAGE tags. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 12257–12262 13 Chen, J.J. et al. (2000) Generation of longer cDNA fragments from serial analysis of gene expression tags for gene identification. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 349–353
An analysis of Lehmer's Euclidean GCD algorithm

Let u and v be positive integers. We show that a slightly modified version of D. H. Lehmer’s greatest common divisor algorithm will compute gcd(u, v) (with u > u) using at most o{(log u log v)/k + k log v + log u + ,%2} bit operations and O(log u + k22k ) space, where k is the number of bits in the multiprecision base of the algorithm. This is faster than Euclid’s algorithm by a factor that is roughly proportional to k. Letting n be the number of bits in u and W, and setting k = [(log n)/4], we obtain a sub quadratic running time of 0(n2 / log n) in linear space.
How lifetime fluctuations, grain-boundary recombination, and junctions affect lifetime measurements and their correlation to silicon solar cell performance

Two-dimensional simulations of quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC), carrier density imaging (CDI), photoconductive decay (PCD), and solar cell performance are performed on silicon models that incorporate grain-boundary recombination or lifetime fluctuations on the distance scale of 5 μm to 5 mm. The relationships between the lifetime measurement, actual recombination rates, and solar cell performance vary widely based on beam size, measurement technique, and recombination profile. The strengths and weaknesses of different measurement methods and the ability of analytical models to predict aggregate solar cell performance are examined and compared with earlier studies. Lifetime measurements in the presence of a junction are shown to be distorted by charge separation.
Modification of the subclavian patch aortoplasty for repair of aortic coarctation in neonates and infants.

Abstract Background . Coarctation repair in neonates or small infants, using a subclavian patch, has a relatively high risk of restenosis, especially if complicated by the presence of a short subclavian artery or long coarctation segment. We introduce a technical modification that facilitates the use of a subclavian flap, and decreases the restenosis rate in this subgroup of patients. It consists of a side-to-side transverse aortic anastomosis at the level of the coarctation, which widens the coarctation segment, shortens the isthmus, and pulls the distal end of the aortotomy proximally, allowing a tension-free subclavian flap aortoplasty. Methods . Fifty-three consecutive neonates or infants less than 18 weeks old, with complex coarctation, underwent repair using this technique. Mean age was 26 ± 3 days and 36 patients (68%) were less than 28 days old. Weights ranged from 1.4 to 6.4 kg (mean 3.4 ± 0.2 kg), and 26 patients had other cardiac anomalies. Preoperative gradient by Doppler measurement ranged from 25 to 90 mm Hg (mean 49 ± 2 mm Hg). Results . Mean aortic cross-clamp time was 27 ± 1 minutes (range 19 to 34 minutes). There were no deaths or surgical complications. Follow-up echocardiogram 4 to 52 months postoperatively (mean 25 ± 2 months) demonstrated no significant pressure gradient (less than 20 mm Hg) in 51 of 53 patients (96%), and a significant gradient in 2 patients (4%), which was subsequently corrected with balloon angioplasty. Conclusions . The technical modification described shortens the isthmus, and thus allows for a longer aortotomy distal to the area of coarctation resulting in a tension-free repair especially in patients with a short subclavian artery. It also widens the area of coarctation, and as a result leads to a lower early recoarctation rate in this high-risk group. With increasing emphasis on the need for a longer aortotomy to prevent restenosis, this modification will have increasing application, especially in the neonatal population.
Progesterone modulation of the luteinizing hormone surge: regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary progestin receptors.

We have investigated the possible role of hypothalamic and pituitary progestin receptors (PR) in modulation of the estradiol-induced LH surge by progesterone in the immature rat. Rats (28 days old) that received Silastic implants containing estradiol in oil at 0900 h had LH surges approximately 32 h later. Progesterone implants were inserted concurrently with estradiol capsules or 24 h later, leading to inhibition or facilitation of the LH surge, respectively. Cytoplasmic and nuclear PR were measured by in vitro exchange assays, using near-saturating concentrations of [3H]R5020 (3H-labeled promegestone; 17,21-dimethyl- 19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), 1, 8, 24, and 32 h after insertion of progesterone or blank implants. Kd values of complexes between [3H]R5020 and PR were 0.5–1 nm (cytoplasmic), and 2–3 nm (nuclear). The sedimentation rates of these complexes in sucrose gradients were 7–8S (cytoplasmic) and 3–4S (nuclear). In rats treated concurrently with estradiol and progesterone for 1 or 8 h, cytop...
Critical Thinking and Reading

From freshman composition courses to high school exit exams, the term critical thinking is everywhere. The educationally ubiquitous term has been defined as criticism that combines research, knowledge of historical context, and balanced judgment. In theory then, critical thinking should be taught in virtually every course in the humanities. In practice, however, my years as a high school English teacher, as well as my decades on the other side of the desk, have proven that the lofty title is a gross misnomer, conveniently obscuring the fact that the majority of our schools fail to teach critical thinking and, as a result, the majority of our populace does not practice it.
Wind‐driven circulation in one‐ and two‐layer oceans of variable depth

The effect of bottom topography is studied for homogeneous and two-layer oceans with Ekman-type dynamics. In the case where friction is important only at a lateral boundary explicit solutions are obtained. Cases in which friction becomes important also in the interior are discussed qualitatively. Essential differences are found between the solutions for the homogeneous and the two-layer oceans. In the homogeneous ocean a western or an eastern boundary current occurs when ?/?y(f/H) is positive and negative, respectively (f is the Coriolis parameter, H the depth, y a northward coordinate), and there is a Sverdrup type interior circulation modified by bottom topography. This case has been discussed previously in the literature. In the two-layer model with the upper layer thin compared to the lower layer the motion in the lower layer becomes small. The upper layer solution is similar to the one-layer solution given by Stommel (1948) with a western boundary current, with some modification due to finite distortions of the interface. In the lower layer there is also a western boundary current. If ?/?y(f/H) > 0 this current recirculates at the western boundary and no interior motion occurs. If ?/?y(f/H) < 0 an eastern boundary current as well as an interior circulation is added. In both the homogeneous and the two-layer models free jets can cross over the ocean along a critical line, where ?/?y(f/H) = 0. If a region with closed f/H -contours exists in the interior a corresponding gyre is added to the solution. The circulation in this gyre becomes very strong for the homogeneous ocean, weak for the two-layer ocean. In the North Atlantic f/H increases northward, and closed contours exist only in a region at the Azores. According to the two-layer model the deep motion should be confined to a recirculating western boundary current. A deep anticyclonic gyre could possibly be found near the Azores with a jet connecting to the western boundary current along the 2 km depth contour. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00347.x
Adaptive control for payload launch vibration isolation

The Department of Defense has identified launch vibration isolation as a major research interest. Reducing the loads a satellite experiences during launch will greatly enhance the reliability and lifetime and decrease the payload structural mass. DoD space programs stand to benefit significantly from advances in vibration isolation technology. This study explores potential hybrid vibration isolation using adaptive control with a passive isolator. Lyapunov analysis is used to develop the structural adaptive control scheme. Simulink and Matlab simulations investigate these control methodologies on a lumped mass dynamic model of a satellite and its representative launch vehicle. The results are compared to Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control and skyhook damper active control methods. The results of the modeling indicate adaptive control achieves up to a 90 percent reduction in loads on the payload when compared to the conventional active control methods. The adaptive controller compensated for the loads being transmitted to the payload from the rest of the launch vehicle. The current adaptive controller was not able to effectively control the motion of a vibrating subcomponent within the payload or the subcomponent's effect on the overall payload itself.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nanoporous metal formates for krypton/xenon separation

Metal(II) formates (Co and Ni) show a significantly larger heat of adsorption for xenon than krypton across all loadings due to size selectivity in the primary adsorption site.
A multivariate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the temperament and character inventory.

Comings DE, Gade-Andavolu R, Gonzalez N, Wu S, Muhleman D,Blake H, Mann MB, Dietz G, Saucier G, MacMurray JP. A multivari-ate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the tempera-ment and character inventory.Clin Genet 2000: 58: 375–385. © Munksgaard, 2000Cloninger (Cloninger CR. Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alco-holism. Science 1987: 236: 410–416) proposed three basic personalitydimensions for temperament: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and re-ward dependence. He suggested that novelty seeking primarily utilizeddopamine pathways, harm avoidance utilized serotonin pathways, andreward dependence utilized norepinephrine pathways. Subsequently, oneadditional temperament dimension (persistence) and three character di-mensions (cooperativeness, self-directedness, and self-transcendence)were added to form the temperament and character inventory (TCI).We have utilized a previously described multivariate analysis technique(Comings DE, Gade-Andavolu R, Gonzalez N et al. Comparison ofthe role of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenergic genes in ADHD,ODD and conduct disorder. Multivariate regression analysis of 20genes. Clin Genet 2000: 57: 178–196; Comings DD, Gade-Andavolu R,Gonzalez N et al. Multivariate analysis of associations of 42 genes inADHD, ODD and conduct disorder. Clin Genet 2000: in press) toexamine the relative role of 59 candidate genes in the seven TCI traitsand test the hypothesis that speciﬁc personality traits were associatedwith speciﬁc genes. While there was some tendency for this to be true,a more important trend was the involvement of different ratios offunctionally related groups of genes, and of different genotypes of thesame genes, for different traits.
Financial data at corporate Web sites: do information clienteles matter?

The study examines whether the nature of financial information provided at Web sites varies across firms with differences in three information clienteles: individual investors, financial analysts and the business press. Our findings are consistent with theories that link effective and persuasive information content (subjective/benefit-related versus objective/attribute-related) with the expertise level of the consumer (novice versus expert). Specifically, we find that companies with higher levels of individual ownership are more likely to provide information which is benefit-related and suitable for users with relatively low levels of financial expertise. Conversely, information emphasized by firms with greater analyst following is generally objective, attribute-related data, as expected for users with greater expertise. Companies with higher press following tend to provide information which exhibits attributes of both benefit- and attribute-related data.
Automatic Synonym and Phrase Replacement Show Promise for Style Transformation

Style transformation refers to the process by which a piece of text written in a certain style of writing is transformed into another text exhibiting a distinctly different style of writing without significant change to the meaning of individual sentences. In this paper we continue investigation into the linguistic style transformation problem and demonstrate current achievements in transformation on sample texts from a standard authorship attribution corpus. Specifically, we use simple synonym and phrase replacement on the source text to strengthen the stylistic markers of a given target corpus. We validate our results using Java Graphical Authorship Attribution Program (JGAAP). We are able to demonstrate that simple replacements can alter the linguistic style of writing as detected by an independent process.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes Affecting the Nervous System

The paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) are a diverse group of diseases characterized by the presence of neurologic dysfunction in the setting of a remote cancer. PND can affect almost any part of the nervous system, and are most commonly associated with lung cancer (small cell) and gynecologic tumors. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that an autoimmune response links the neurologic disorder and the cancer, and established a model whereby the cancer is believed to initiate the syndrome by expressing a protein antigen normally expressed in the nervous system, leading to anti-tumor immune response followed by autoimmune neurologic symptoms. We review the currently known PND and their pathogenesis.
Applying knowledge-based system design and simulation in information system requirements determination

Knowledge-based system design and simulation (KBSDS) is a general system design framework that uses a system entity structure, rule-based expert system techniques, and hierarchical system modeling and simulation. In order to assess the applicability of KBSDS in information system development, a spectrum of paradigms for use in the early stages of information system development was carefully selected and compared with KBSDS. The authors review and compare KBSDS and the representative paradigms of information system requirements determination. The comparisons favor the usability of KBSDS in such determinations. >
An extensible digital-signal-processing interpreter for use with computer-assisted instrumentation

The authors describe iRALPH, an interpreter for stack-oriented DSP (digital signal processing) programs that provides both a batch-processing language and a command-driven user interface. Using either of these two modes, the user can read and write data files, generate sample data, perform arithmetic functions on the data, generate digital filters, filter the sampled data, and create presentation-quality plots of the results of the analysis. Other operations that can be performed on data include finding the discrete Fourier transform, estimating the power spectral density, and the correlation, and obtaining the histogram. To minimize its complexity, the interpreter was written using yacc and lex, and the primitives have been carefully structured to allow extensions. The extensions can be made by writing procedures in the interpreted language or by writing primitives in the C programming language. >
Niche-to-niche migration of bone-marrow-derived cells

During ontogenesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) relocate between extra-embryonic and embryonic compartments. Similarly, site-specific homing of HSCs is ongoing during adulthood. With the expanding knowledge of HSC physiology, a new paradigm emerges in which HSCs and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) migrate to defined microenvironments within the bone marrow (BM) and to 'activated' or 'inducible' niches elsewhere. Here, we summarize current understanding of HSC niche characteristics, and the physiological and pathological mechanisms that guide HSC homing both within the BM and to distant niches in the periphery, promoting new vessel growth in tumours and ischaemia. Recent observations suggest that features of the HSC niche might also be recapitulated in pre-metastatic sites. Clusters of BM-derived HPCs promote invasion of disseminating cancer cells. Clear clinical benefits can be foreseen by modulating HSCs and their microenvironments, in promoting tissue regeneration, and inhibiting tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3α subtype: the role of N-glycosylation in ligand binding as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis

Functional mouse prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP3alpha subtype has been expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus system (Huang C. and Tai H.-H. Biochem J 1995; 307: 493-498). EP3alpha receptor has two potential sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr), Asn 16 and Asn 193, for N-glycosylation. The role of glycosylation in ligand binding of the EP3alpha receptor was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Asn was mutated to Gln in each of the two potential glycosylation sites in the EP3alpha receptor. Recombinant wild-type and mutant EP3alpha receptors were expressed in insect cells using baculovirus. Ligand binding assay indicated that the affinity of PGE2 binding was reduced by 50% in the Gln 193 mutant EP3alpha receptor, while the specificity of ligand binding was unaltered. The affinity for PGE2 binding was not affected in the Gln 16 mutant EP3alpha receptor. However, its specificity was partially changed as the EP3-specific agonist became less effective in displacing the [3H]-PGE2 binding to the mutant receptor. These results indicated that N-glycosylation of the EP3alpha receptor could partially affect the affinity and specificity of the ligand binding.
PixelFlex: a reconfigurable multi-projector display system

This paper presents PixelFlex --- a spatially reconfigurable multi-projector display system. The PixelFlex system is composed of ceiling-mounted projectors, each with computer-controlled pan, tilt, zoom and focus; and a camera for closed-loop calibration. Working collectively, these controllable projectors function as a single logical display capable of being easily modified into a variety of spatial formats of differing pixel density, size and shape. New layouts are automatically calibrated within minutes to generate the accurate warping and blending functions needed to produce seamless imagery across planar display surfaces, thus giving the user the flexibility to quickly create, save and restore multiple screen configurations.Overall, PixelFlex provides a new level of automatic reconfigurability and usage, departing from the static, one-size-fits-all design of traditional large format displays. As a front-projection system, PixelFlex can be installed in most environments with space constraints and requires little or no post-installation mechanical maintenance because of the closed-loop calibration.
Tension pneumocephalus related to an epidermoid tumor of ethmoid sinus origin

A 37-year-old man presented with a four-week history of progressive left-sided weakness, frontal headache, confusion, and drowsiness. A computed tomography evaluation of the head revealed a 7-cm pneumatocele in the right frontoparietal region with shift of the falx to the left. The patient was taken to surgery, where the pneumatocele was decompressed and an epidermoid tumor that originated in the left ethmoid sinus was removed. After the operation, the presenting symptoms resolved promptly.
Cell Density and Phosphorylation Control the Subcellular Localization of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein

Loss of functional adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) leads to uncontrolled proliferation of colonic epithelial cells, as evidenced by polyp formation, a prelude to carcinogenesis. As a tumor suppressor, APC targets the oncogene β-catenin for proteasome-mediated cytoplasmic degradation. Recently, it was demonstrated that APC also interacts with nuclear β-catenin, thereby reducing β-catenin's activity as a transcription cofactor and enhancing its nuclear export. The first objective of this study was to analyze how cellular context affected APC distribution. We determined that cell density but not cell cycle influenced APC's subcellular distribution, with predominantly nuclear APC found in subconfluent MDCK and intestinal epithelial cells but both cytoplasmic and nuclear APC in superconfluent cells. Redistribution of APC protein did not depend on continual nuclear export. Focusing on the two defined nuclear localization signals in the C-terminal third of APC (NLS1APC and NLS2APC), we found that phosphorylation at the CK2 site increased and phosphorylation at the PKA site decreased NLS2APC-mediated nuclear translocation. Cell density-mediated redistribution of β-galactosidase was achieved by fusion to NLS2APC but not to NLS1APC. Both the CK2 and PKA sites were important for this density-mediated redistribution, and pharmacological agents that target CK2 and PKA instigated relocalization of endogenous APC. Our data provide evidence that physiological signals such as cell density regulate APC's nuclear distribution, with phosphorylation sites near NLS2APC being critical for this regulation.
Chapter 8 The agricultural transformation

Publisher Summary From both historical and contemporary cross-section perspectives, the agricultural transformation seems to evolve through at least four phases that are roughly definable. The process starts when agricultural productivity per worker rises. This increased productivity creates a surplus, which in the second phase can be tapped directly, through taxation and factor flows, or indirectly, through government intervention into the rural-urban terms of trade. This surplus can be utilized to develop the nonagricultural sector, and this phase has been the focus of most dual economy models of development. For resources to flow out of agriculture, rural factor, and product markets must become better integrated with those in the rest of the economy. The progressive integration of the agricultural sector into the macro economy, via improved infrastructure and market-equilibrium linkages, represents a third phase in agricultural development. When this phase is successful, the fourth phase is barely noticeable; the role of agriculture in industrialized economies is little different from the rote of the steel, housing, or insurance sectors. But when the integration is not successfully accomplished—and most countries have found it extremely difficult for political reasons—governments encounter serious problems of resource allocation and even problems beyond their borders because of pervasive attempts by high-income countries to protect their farmers from foreign competition.
Ultrasound self-calibration

This paper describes a new robust method for 2D and 3D ultrasound (US) probe calibration using a closed-form solution. Prior to calibration, a position sensor is attached to the probe and is used to tag each image/volume with its position and orientation in space. At the same time, image information used to determine target location in probe coordinates. The calibration procedure uses these two pieces of information to determine the transformation (translation, rotation, and scaling) of the scan plane with respect to the position sensor. We introduce a novel methodology for real-time in-vivo quality control of tracked US systems, in order to capture registration failures during the clinical procedure. In effect, we dynamically recalibrate the tracked US system for rotation, scale factor, and in-plane position offset up to a scale factor. We detect any unexpected change in these parameters through capturing discrepancies in the resulting calibration matrix, thereby assuring quality (accuracy and consistency) of the tracked system. No phantom is used for the recalibration. We perform the task of quality control in the background, transparently to the clinical user while the subject is being scanned. We present the concept, mathematical formulation, and experimental evaluation in-vitro. This new method can play an important role in guaranteeing accurate, consistent, and reliable performance of tracked ultrasound.
Application of Environmental Learning Theory to Spatial Knowledge Acquisition from Maps

Abstract Knowledge of space is critical to attitudes toward, decision making about, and behavior within places. A person's environmental knowledge depends upon how knowledge is acquired and mentally processed. Past studies of environmental knowledge acquisition have focused primarily on that which results from behavior in the environment. Research has led to a developmental theory that views knowledge acquisition as a gradual process that begins with selective, fragmentary information about a place, to which the individual information adds over time until an integrated cognitive representation is achieved. The present study was designed to determine the applicability of this developmental theory of environmental knowledge acquisition to learning from maps. I also consider issues of hierarchical spatial knowledge organization, the extent to which cognitive “maps’ are images, propositions, or both, and the systematic biases inherent in knowledge obtained from maps. This paper describes an experiment in whic...
Synthesis of (La0.95Eu0.05)2O3 Red Phosphors with Hydroxide Nanowires as the Precursor: Template-Free Hydrothermal Processing and Photoluminescent Properties

Ln (OH)3(Ln=La0.95Eu0.05) nanowires have been successfully synthesized through hydrothermal reaction, without using any template, from mixed solutions of the component nitrates. It was shown that neither solution pH (7.5-13) nor hydrothermal temperature (120 and 150 °C) significantly influences the phase structure and particle morphology of the product. The resultant Ln (OH)3 nanowires are of uniform dimension and good dispersion. A homogeneous Ln2O3 solid solution was yielded by calcining the hydroxide nanowires in the air at 800 oC. Under 285 nm excitation, the Ln2O3 phosphor exhibits the characteristic red emission of Eu3+ at ~630 nm and show emission behaviors clearly dependent on the calcination temperature, which were investigated in detail.
Internal consistency estimates of reliability

Reliability assessments are appropriate for each research instrument in a study. Measures of internal consistency are a popular set of assessments with Cronbach's alpha being the most favored. Two other measures of internal consistency, theta and omega, have particular characteristics that make their use desirable under certain circumstances. Each of these three measures and its computation is described and examples provided.
Polycrystalline silicon-carbide surface-micromachined vertical resonators-part II: electrical testing and material property extraction

This manuscript is the second of a two part series describing the fabrication and testing of megahertz frequency, polycrystalline silicon-carbide (poly-SiC) micromechanical resonators made from films deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. In Part I, the development of deposition and patterning techniques suitable for the fabrication of vertically actuated, clamped-clamped beam resonant structures was detailed (see Wiser, Chung, Mehregan, and Zorman, "Polycrystalline Silicon-Carbide Surface-Micromachined Vertical Resonators-Part I: Growth Study and Device Fabrication," J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 14, no. 3, Jun. 2005). This paper describes the testing procedures used to determine the nominal resonant frequencies and quality factors for these resonators, as well as the methods used to calculate the Young's modulus and residual stress of the poly-SiC films from the resonant frequency data. Poly-SiC devices with a resonant frequency ranging from 1 to 4 MHz and quality factors of around 2500 were successfully tested. The quality factors were lower than expected for devices of this design. Modeling and experimental results indicate that the low values are likely due to insufficient doping in the poly-SiC films. Both the Young's modulus and residual stress values calculated for the poly-SiC films (436 GPa and 121 MPa, respectively) compare favorably with values reported in the literature.
Josephson terahertz local oscillator

Voltage-tunable Josephson junction terahertz oscillators have been fabricated using rugged, high-current-density NbN/sub 1-x/C/sub x/ tunnel junctions with M O barriers. The radiation emitted from such junctions is detected on chip by a second Josephson junction which is capacitively coupled to the first. For oscillator junctions with a critical current density of J/sub c/ approximately 3.5*10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ the junction oscillates with a voltage amplitude of approximately=1.5 mV. The detected RF voltage level remain essentially constant from 300 GHz to above 1 THz, the upper limit of the detector. From measurements of the Josephson step height in the detector current-voltage characteristics, it is determined that the oscillator junction produces 0.5 mu W of terahertz radiation of which, due to impedance mismatch, 10 nW is coupled into the detector junction. >
Knowledge and Cache Conscious Algorithm Design and Systems Support for Data Mining Algorithms

The knowledge discovery process is interactive in nature and therefore minimizing query response time is imperative. The compute and memory intensive nature of data mining algorithms makes this task challenging. We propose to improve the performance of data mining algorithms by re-architecting algorithms and designing effective systems support. From the view point of re-architecting algorithms, knowledge-conscious and cache-conscious design strategies are presented. Knowledge-conscious algorithm designs try and re-use repeated computation between iterations and across executions of a data mining algorithm. Cache-conscious algorithm designs on the other hand reduce execution time by maximizing data locality and reuse. The design of systems support that allows a variety of data mining algorithms to leverage knowledge-caching and cache-conscious placement with minimal implementation efforts is also presented.
О Некоторых Политических Интересах Провоцирующих Финансовые Кризисы (Political Interests and Financial Crises: On Some Causalities)

Russian Abstract: Политические лидеры и бюрократы зачастую сталкиваются с ситуациями острой нехватки денег. В таких ситуациях быстрый и легкий доступ к накоплениям частных лиц в банках кажется самым простым и надежным решением. Заплатить за которое придется наиболее успешным бизнесам и бережливым гражданам, чьи сбережения будут разбавлены эмиссией. Банки, сотрудничающие с правительством могут быть поощрены защитой от возмущения вкладчиков.Эмиссия, долгосрочно подрывающая доверие к денежным властям бывает полезна для сокрытия результатов такого рода чрезвычайных изъятий. Кроме того она помогает быстрее избавляться от государственного долга. При удачной экономической конъюнктуре кажется заманчивым обеспечить 5% роста вместо 3-4%. И печатный станок кажется многим подходящим средством для получения нужного результата. Расплатой за которое может стать будущая депрессия.Частным случаем поощрения роста является стимулирование выдачи кредитов. Особенно в случаях, когда кредиты получают избиратели имеющие склонность голосовать за большие полномочия государства и за большие бюджеты государственных программ.English Abstract: The paper presents short review on some political causes of financial crises. We focused on incentives of politicians and bureaucrats to redistribute wealth, to extort from the banks mortgages for the politicians' clientele. Tracking back chain of anti-discrimination Legislation one could find some reasons of latest (2007-2009) financial Crisis.
Private Approximations of the 2nd-Moment Matrix Using Existing Techniques in Linear Regression

We introduce three differentially-private algorithms that approximates the 2nd-moment matrix of the data. These algorithm, which in contrast to existing algorithms output positive-definite matrices, correspond to existing techniques in linear regression literature. Specifically, we discuss the following three techniques. (i) For Ridge Regression, we propose setting the regularization coefficient so that by approximating the solution using Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform we preserve privacy. (ii) We show that adding a small batch of random samples to our data preserves differential privacy. (iii) We show that sampling the 2nd-moment matrix from a Bayesian posterior inverse-Wishart distribution is differentially private provided the prior is set correctly. We also evaluate our techniques experimentally and compare them to the existing "Analyze Gauss" algorithm of Dwork et al.
Retrieving Philosophy in Management and Organization Science

Like any social science, management and organization sits astride two literary and epistemic disciplines; the empirical and the conceptual. I argue that emphasizing the former to the detriment of the latter, as is often the case in management and organization research, creates a conceptual blindness that compromises progress in the field. I show how adopting a more philosophically attuned methodology buttresses the conceptual tools of management and organization research via deduction, induction, normative grounding, and overcoming the illusion of unanimity.
Assignment of Trade-Marks:

T HE LAW of trade-mark assignment has been much debated in foreign countries for many decades, and many countries have made major changes in the legal rules pertaining to the transfer of trade-marks.' In the United States, comparatively little attention was devoted to this aspect of trade-mark law until the Congressional hearings on the Lanham Act were begun in 1938. Nevertheless, assignment of trade-marks was a topic of considerable discussion during the hearings, and the form of the resulting legislation is such that the debate is not likely to subside in the near future.
Light-induced antibacterial activity of symmetrical and asymmetrical oligophenylene ethynylenes.

The light-induced antibacterial activity of symmetric and asymmetric oligophenylene ethynylenes (OPEs) was investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) ...
The Effect of Four Trace Mineral Elements on Gain and Health of Newly Arrived Calves1,2

Abstract Three studies were conducted to look at the effects of four trace mineral elements on gain and health of lightweight, long-hauled (24 h on truck) calves. In trial 1, copper sulfate (982 mg), zinc oxide (833 mg), and vitamin E (400 IU) applied in a drench at arrival resulted in a trend toward reducing the number of pulls (calves removed from pen and doctored for sickness) through 29 to 56 d. A copper sulfate, zinc oxide, and vitamin E drench had no effect on gain through 56 d. In trial 2, daily gains, percentage pulls, and medications per animal did not differ (P
Louisiana's Civil-Law Notaries

Louisiana grants expansive powers to non-attorney civil-law notaries public to perform acts considered the practice of law in other jurisdictions, such as receiving a will and selling and mortgaging real estate. Unlike civil-law jurisdictions such as Quebec and Puerto Rico where only attorneys can be notaries, Louisiana commissions notaries with only a high-school education if they can pass a rigorous examination. This article examines the history of Louisiana’s civil-law notaries; their qualifications and functions; the fine line between “notarial advice” and the unauthorized practice of law; the sanctions that can be imposed on notaries who abuse the privileges of their office, including those who engage in unauthorized legal practice; and proposed legislation to enlarge potential actions that can be brought against unauthorized legal practitioners. The article recommends mandating continuing notarial education, requiring a higher bond or higher insurance limits, and raising the educational requirements for prospective notaries.
Analysis on lead level in a resident's food contaminants monitoring(2009-2013)

Objective To understand the current situation of lead content from 2009 to 2013 in food contamination monitoring of the region,identify the high-risk foods,and analyze the causes,so as to provide basic information to the relevant departments for food supervision and management.Methods Food samples of various types in part of this resident's food retail outlets were collected,the lead of food was tested by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in laboratory.Results A total of 11 categories 453 food samples for lead content was tested,the total qualified rate was97.13%,the tubers qualified rate was 96.00%,poultry meat was 92.00%,leafy vegetables were 94.69%,fruits were95.00%,and milk was 93.33%.The samples such as:cereals,legumes,poultry offal,fish,fresh and dried mushroom did not exceed the national standard.Conclusions There was a high qualified rate for these tested samples,however,there were some factors causing lead contamination for raw materials.We recommend the establishment of security mechanism that was co-led by the health and quartermaster department,with multi-section cooperation,and involved by officers and troops.More fixed procurement channels should be set up,food hygiene and safety regulation should be promoted and monitored,so as to reduce raw food material in canteen be contaminated by lead,and prevent chronic heavy metal poisoning.
Selenium reduces enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 verotoxin production and globotriaosylceramide receptor expression on host cells

Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of selenium (Se) in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 verotoxin production and toxin gene expression. Additionally, the effect of Se on globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor in human lymphoma cells was determined. Materials & methods: The effect of Se on verotoxin synthesis was determined by standard ELISA, whereas its effect on Gb3 receptor was determined by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. Results & conclusions: Se reduced extracellular and intracellular verotoxin concentration by 40–60% and 80–90%, respectively (p < 0.05), and downregulated verotoxin genes (p < 0.05). Se reduced Gb3 receptor synthesis in lymphoma cells, and real-time quantitative PCR data revealed a significant downregulation of LacCer synthase gene (GalT2) involved in Gb3 synthesis. Further studies are warranted to validate these results in an appropriate animal model.
Education and credentialing of the gynecologic laser surgeon.

SUMMARY Gynecologic laser surgery involves the use and understanding of a number of different wavelengths (lasers) and their delivery systems. The educated laser surgeon understands the pros and cons of all the practical wavelengths, their tissue reactions, and their safety features. The laser surgeon may use a colposcope, hysteroscope, laparoscope, or laser handpiece in surgery. Few gynecologists have acquired the necessary expertise to perform laser surgery during residency training. For this reason, attendance at courses that include hands-on laboratory experience has been mandatory. Hospitals, not course directors, credential surgeons to perform laser operations in their operating rooms. The credentialing committee of the hospital must decide which surgeons have been properly trained for laser surgery. Objective criteria have been offered in this chapter in the effort to make the task easier and more fair. As the number of laser surgeons grows, the need for training courses may decrease, because if laser surgery is learned during the residency years, the demand for postgraduate training will decrease. On the other hand, since surgical laser evolution continues, the training center will continue to offer a valuable educational experience.
Essential Structural Features and Orientation of Cytochrome b5 in Membranes

It is clear the cytochrome b 5 serves as a mobile electron carrier or shuttle to provide reducing equivalents for a number of oxidation-reduction reactions that utilize cytoplasmically generated reduced pyridine nucleotides as electron sources. Thus, two flavoproteins, NADH cytochrome b 5 reductase (Spatz and Strittmatter, 1973) and NADH cytochrome P-450 reductase (Oshino et al., 1971; Enoch and Strittmatter, 1979a), reduce the membrane-bound heure protein rapidly, the former with a turnover number of 30,000 min−1 at 30°C (Spatz and Strittmatter, 1973) and the latter at 7000 min−1 at 33°C (Enoch and Strittmatter, 1979a). Reduced cytochrome b 5 is the direct electron donor for stearyl-CoA desaturase (Δ9 fatty acyl CoA desaturase) (Holloway and Wakil, 1970; Oshino and Omura, 1973; Holloway and Katz, 1972; Strittmatter et al., 1974; Enoch et al., 1976), and may participate in the reduction of cytochrome P-450 as well (Hildebrandt and Estabrook, 1972; Lau et al., 1974; Saesame et al., 1974; Imai and Sato, 1977). In addition, the microsomal heure protein has been implicated as the reductant in the Δ6 desaturation of fatty acids (Okayasu et al., 1977; Lee et al., 1977), cholesterol biosynthesis (Reddy et al., 1977), plasmalogen biosynthesis (Paultanf et al., 1974), and more recently in the elongation of fatty acids (Keyes et al., 1979). Both the relatively large and nonstoichiometric amount of cytochrome b 5 in endoplasmic reticulum relative to any one of the enzymes with which it interacts, and direct evidence that interaction with NADH cytochrome b 5 reductase in prepared phospholipid and microsomal vesicles is diffusion limited (Strittmatter and Rogers, 1975; Rogers and Strittmatter, 1974) indicate that the translational movement of the heme protein within membrane bilayers is a crucial functional feature of this electron carrier.
Market share, firm innovation, and idiosyncratic volatility

In this study, we reexamine the link between a firm’s market share and its idiosyncratic volatility. Contrary to extant research, we find that market share is not a determinant of idiosyncratic volatility. Innovative firms continuously innovate resulting in an increase in market share. However, high market share firms may not necessarily increase investment in innovative ventures to maintain market share. Hence an increase in market share does not necessarily lead to an increase in a firm’s idiosyncratic risk.
A New Figure of Merit, ${\Delta V_{\text {DIBLSS}} /(I_{\rm {d},{\mathrm{ sat}}} /I_{\rm {sd},{\mathrm{ leak}}} )}$ , to Characterize Short-Channel Performance of a Bulk-Si n-Channel FinFET Device

This paper aims to investigate the device parameters, including drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), subthreshold swing (SS), and saturation drive current, $I_{\rm d,{\mathrm{ sat}}} $ , of bulk-Si n-channel FinFET devices (bulk n-FinFETs). The impact of lightly doped drain (LDD) process on the performance of bulk n-FinFETs is also examined in this paper. According to our measured data, excluding LDD in bulk n-FinFETs not only reduces mask costs but it also enables slightly better short-channel control compared to the inclusion of LDD. A new figure of merit, $\Delta V_{\mathrm{ DIBLSS}} /(I_{\rm d,{\mathrm{ sat}}} /I_{\rm sd,{\mathrm{ leak}}} )$ , is introduced for monitoring short-channel performance of bulk n-FinFETs, where $\Delta V_{\mathrm{ DIBLSS}} $ accounts for the DIBL and SS, and $I_{\rm sd,{\mathrm{ leak}}} $ is the source/drain subthreshold off-state leakage current.
Precise measurements of the top mass and direct measurement of the mass difference between top and antitop quarks at D0

We report on measurements of the mass using dilepton and lepton+jet data collected with the D0 detector. These results are compared to the top mass extracted from the tcross section using higher-order quantum chromodynamics calculations. We also present a direct measurement of the mass difference between top and antitop quarks (Dm) in lepton+jets t ¯ t final states using the
African American Girls in Hollywood Cinema

Olson discusses gender as a key part of the stereotypes about black children. She presents a detailed look at the mammy, Jezebel, and pickaninny stereotypes and offers detailed analyses of films that draw attention to the ways black children are positioned using these characterizations: Lee Daniels’ Precious, Beasts of the Southern Wild, and Butter.
Analysis of Younger Dryas—Early Holocene Pollen in Sediments of Paisley Cave 2, South-Central Oregon

Pollen analysis from Paisley Cave 2 (35LK3400), in Oregon has produced a record of climate change affecting the Summer Lake Sub-basin during a 7000-year period beginning at roughly 14,500 cal. yr. ...
Changes in the cladoceran community of Lake Superior and the role of Bythotrephes longimanus.

Abstract Introductions of Bythotrephes longimanus have resulted in reduced cladoceran species richness and biomass in the Laurentian Great Lakes and many inland lakes. Bythotrephes was first observed in Lake Superior in 1987 but its effect on the cladoceran community has been unknown. We compared the composition of the offshore cladoceran community of Western Lake Superior during 2014 and 2015 to zooplankton surveys from 1971–2001 to determine whether changes in the cladoceran community have occurred. Monthly comparisons show that the contribution of Bosmina longirostris to offshore cladoceran numbers was generally twice as much in the 1970s than during 2014–2015 while the relative contribution of Daphnia mendotae increased after the 1970s. These community changes are consistent with changes due to Bythotrephes observed in other lakes. To evaluate evidence for the role of Bythotrephes in these community changes, we used data from 2014–2015 to analyze patterns in spatial and vertical overlap between Bythotrephes and its cladoceran prey species (Bosmina, Daphnia, and Holopedium) and compared estimates of consumption by Bythotrephes to production of these potential prey. Bosmina was the species whose vertical position and rate of production made it most vulnerable to suppression by Bythotrephes. Of the potential cladoceran prey species, Bosmina densities were also the most negatively correlated with Bythotrephes densities. These findings support a hypothesis of top-down effects on Bosmina by Bythotrephes in Lake Superior. This work informs future zooplankton research in Lake Superior and furthers our understanding of the effects of Bythotrephes on the Lake Superior food web.