cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulus and response factors in mirror-image discrimination

Two choice-reaction time studies assessed the influence of stimulus-response mapping, stimulus complexity, and stimulus alignment on adults’ discrimination of mirror-image and nonmirror-image stimulus pairs. Half the subjects in Experiment 1 were instructed to treat nonmiiTor pairs as “same” and mirror pairs as “different”; the other half responded in the opposite manner. The first group responded more quickly to nonmirror pairs, while the second group responded more quickly to mirror pairs. This result, which held for horizontal stimuli (side by side) as well as for vertical stimuli (one above the other), confirms the importance of experiential factors in mirror-image “confusions. “ In Experiment 2. stimuli were drawn from a population of patterns whose complexity could be objectively defined. In general, the more complex the pattern, the slower the response and complexity seemed to influence the qualitative nature of pattern processing. In both experiments, subjects responded more quickly to horizontal stimuli than to vertical stimuli.
Sensing heart stress.

Heart failure and pathological overgrowth of the heart often occur hand in hand. New data on a biomechanical sensor challenge the viewpoint that cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure ( pages 68–75 ).
Vibrational Coupling between Amide-I and Amide-A Modes Revealed by Femtosecond Two Color Infrared Spectroscopy†

Two color femtosecond infrared pump/probe spectroscopy has been used to study the vibrational dynamics and vibrational mode coupling of amide-A and amide-I/II modes within the same amide unit and those connected by a hydrogen bond for several model dipeptides: AcAla(H)OMe, AcAla(D)OMe, and AcProNHMe. Three spectral ranges were explored as follows: around 3 μm (amide-A(H) mode), 4 μm (amide-A(D) mode), and 6−8 μm (amide-I/II modes). The lifetime of the excited amide-A mode in nonhydrogen-bonded amide is found to be strongly dependent upon deuteration: 4.0 ps in AcAla(H)OMe and 0.58 ps in AcAla(D)OMe. The diagonal anharmonicities are found to be ΔN-D = 110 cm-1 and ΔN-H = 144 cm-1, respectively, both much larger than the ca. 15 cm-1 for the amide-I mode. By pumping the amide-A band and probing the amide-I/II mode region, direct coupling between the amide-A and the amide-I/II modes has been observed. The off-diagonal anharmonicity between amide-A(D) and amide-I within the same amide unit has been measured...
NON-INVASIVE IMAGING BASED EVALUATION OF CARDIAC MECHANICS TO MONITOR MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

We evaluated the role of imaging derived mechanical parameters to monitor cardiac function after different methods of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in an experimental study. We studied 12 piglets (6-10kg) that were placed on CPB with either a conventional CPB circuit primed with fresh blood and
Distribution system reliability of 28-volt D-C aircraft electric systems

This paper analyzes the protection of a typical 28-volt d-c distribution system for a large multiengine aircraft. Methods of making a load study and fault study are illustrated. From the analysis of this system, conclusions are drawn regarding bus and feeder fault protection and arrangement. It is shown that by relatively minor modifications in bus arrangement a considerable increase in the degree of reliability can be obtained.
Effect of Substitution on the Hole Mobility of Bis(diarylamino)biphenyl Derivatives Doped in Poly(Styrene)

The effect of substitution on hole mobility in N,N‘-bis(m-tolyl)-N,N‘-diphenyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-4,4‘-diamine (TPD) derivatives doped in polystyrene was studied using the time-of-flight technique. Mobility data were collected as a function of electric field and temperature to yield the energetic and positional disorder parameters defined in the disorder formalism. Substituted derivatives exhibit lower mobilities than regular TPD. This decrease is influenced by the change in dipole moment upon substitution of the molecule. However, the dipolar disorder contribution is found to account only partially for the large differences in mobility.
Competitive binding of chromium, cobalt and nickel to serum proteins

The competitive binding of chromium, cobalt and nickel chloride salts to murine serum proteins was studied in vitro. Individual metal salt solutions and combinations were incubated with 1:20 dilution of murine serum proteins for 24 h. Then free metal was removed by dialysis. The protein bound metal ions were analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. This study determined the saturation binding of cobalt and nickel to serum proteins. Murine serum is mostly saturated when cobalt or nickel is added at the concentration of 2 mol of metal to 1 mol of albumin. Chromium and cobalt have similar protein binding affinity, chromium and cobalt bind to protein in proportion to the added concentration ratio. However, nickel shows significant competition for chromium and cobalt binding moieties. This study provides a reference for future research on the biological role and properties of corrosion products.
Signal-to-noise ratios for stellar occultations by the rings of Uranus, 1977 - 1980.

Approximate signal-to-noise ratios are calculated for 12 stellar occultations by the rings of Uranus during 1977-1980. Four of the stars are apparently bright enough to permit observation of the epsilon-ring occultations with a large telescope. For the best of these events, occultations by rings alpha through delta should also be observable with a large telescope, and epsilon-ring occultations should be detectable with smaller telescopes. Formulas for the signal-to-noise ratios are given to aid potential observers in evaluating the quality of the results they can expect to obtain with their own photometric equipment.
A capillary electrophoresis-based assay for the binding of Ca2+ and phosphorylcholine to human C-reactive protein.

Affinity capillary electrophoresis was performed to quantitate the binding of Ca2+ and phosphorylcholine to human C-reactive protein (CRP). The assay requires no modifications of any of the molecules involved, uses minuscule amounts of protein (8.5 × 10−15 mol per analysis, i.e., less than 1 pmol for 15 triplicate data points), and the binding could be examined under conditions of physiological ionic strength and pH. The values for the dissociation constants obtained here (KD = 59 ωM for Ca2+-CRP and 18 ωM for the phosphorylcholine-CRP interaction) were in close agreement with previous studies using gel filtration and equilibrium dialysis. As long as one of the reactants can be detected and recovered quantitatively in the capillary electrophoresis system, the method is generally useful to study interactions where complexed molecules display an electrophoretic mobility that is different from that of unbound molecules and where the rates of association and dissociation are sufficiently fast.
Magnetic properties and electronic structure of the actinide systems UAl2, NpAl2 and PuAl2

Abstract The electronic ground states of UAl2, NpAl2 and PuAl2 have been determined by band theory techniques. These calculations indicate that both actinide d-f hybridization and spin-orbit coupling are important in these systems. Using a new scheme for obtaining the paramagnon parameters for UAl2 it is shown that calculated and experimentally derived 5f band width are concistent. The fact that orbital angular momentum may not be quenched in these systems is suggested as a possible mechanism for damping spin-fluctuations in NpAl2 and PuAl2.
Locus-specific DNA methylation analysis of retrotransposons in ES, somatic and cancer cells using High-Throughput Targeted Repeat Element Bisulfite Sequencing

DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mark associated with multiple aspects of retrotransposons within the mammalian genome. In order to study DNA methylation of a large number of retrotransposons on an individual-locus basis, we have developed a new protocol termed High-Throughput Targeted Repeat Element Bisulfite Sequencing (HT-TREBS) (Ekram and Kim, 2014 [1]). We have used this technique to characterize the locus-specific patterns of DNA methylation of 4799 members of the mouse IAP LTR (Intracisternal A Particle Long Terminal Repeat) retrotransposon family in embryonic stem, somatic and Neuro2A cells (Bakshi and Kim, 2014 [2]). Here we describe in detail the sample preparation and bioinformatics analyses used for these studies. The somatic cell data may be accessed under GEO accession number GSE49222. The ES and Neuro2A data are deposited under GEO accession number GSE60007.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacene precursors

Abstract Polyacenes are one-dimensional analogs of graphite and are predicted to have high conductivities without chemical doping.. The acid-catalyzed condensation of 1,2-bis(methoxymethyl)benzene gives a network polymer with idealized structure that corresponds to a linear polyacene precursor, that after elimination of H2, should yield polyacenes with extended π electron systems. In contrast, the polymerization, of 1,4-bis(methoxymethyl)benzene and 1,3-bis(methoxymethyl)benzene are expected to result in networks with a proportionately higher polybenzyl content. Based on TGA and IR studies, we propose that polyacene precursors are formed in the polymerization of the ortho substituted monomer, while the meta and para -substituted monomers contain a higher fraction of the less stable polybenzyl structure. Samples heated in an inert atmosphere show conversion of the acene precursors to partially graphitized products.
Should Shoulder Balance Determine Proximal Fusion Levels in Patients With Lenke 5 Curves

Abstract Study Design Multicenter review of prospectively collected data. Objectives To identify the frequency of an opposite high shoulder in Lenke 5 patients and evaluate factors that influence preoperative and postoperative shoulder balance. Summary of Background Data A high left shoulder is an indication to extend the fusion proximally in a right thoracic curve. Some apply a similar rule to high right shoulders in patients with left thoracolumbar/lumbar curves. Methods A prospective multicenter adolescent idiopathic scoliosis database was queried for patients with Lenke 5 curves and minimum 2-year follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative shoulder height differences were recorded and categorized by the opposite shoulder (right shoulder in a left thoracolumbar curve) as high (greater than 1 cm), level (0–1 cm), and low (less than 1 cm). Preoperative and postoperative radiographic variables and Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire scores were evaluated. Results Of the 104 patients identified, 37% had level shoulders and 53% had a high opposite shoulder. A high shoulder was associated with a greater mean thoracic Cobb (31°) than a level (24°) or low shoulder (26°) (p = .008). Postoperatively, 64% of patients had level shoulders (less than 1 cm); 93% had a shoulder difference less than 2 cm. Preoperative lumbar Cobb was a significant predictor of postoperative shoulder height (p = .051). A slightly greater proportion of preoperative high shoulders (36%) had a nonselective fusion than those with level (27%) or low (9%) shoulders. Among the 29 patients with a preoperative moderate or significant high shoulder (greater than 2 cm), 3 continued to have a high shoulder greater than 2 cm that was not influenced by fusing the thoracic spine. There were no significant differences in preoperative or postoperative Scoliosis Research Society scores based on shoulder height (p > .05). Conclusions Half of all Lenke 5 curves have a high opposite shoulder that is influenced by the size of the compensatory thoracic curve. Postoperatively, most patients had level shoulders. Inclusion of the thoracic spine did not influence postoperative shoulder balance.
The photospheric abundance of iron

The center-to-limb variation of equivalent widths of 198 Fei lines in the spectral region 5500 to 7000 A was studied with five photospheric models. The gf-values of Corliss and Warner (1964) were used in the analysis. The photospheric iron abundance was found to vary with excitation potential. This can be explained by a systematic error in the gf-values of high excitation lines and an error of 250 to 500K in the temperature of the arcs used for measuring the gf-values. Departures from LTE in the solar Fei lines are also a possibility. The adopted photospheric abundance of iron, log(N Fe/N H) is - 5.2.
THE IMPACT OF REAPPORTIONMENT ON POLICY EXPENDITURES: A Quasi-Experimental Time-Series Analysis

While there is little question that court-ordered reapportionment has changed the composition of state legislative personnel, it is still unclear whether reapportionment has had any significant impact on public policies. Evidence to date has been both contradictory and methodologically suspect. Using time-series regression in a quasi-experimental design, we examine the effects of reapportionment on expenditures in three policy areas within eight states—four control (states well apportioned before 1964) and four experimental (states egregiously malapportioned before 1964). Contrary to recent time-series analyses on this topic, we find that the implementation of the “one man, one vote” ruling had little significant effect on the distribution of state expenditures believed beneficial to urban interests.
Comparison of Different Schemes of Image Amplitude Correction In Prestack Depth Migration

We compare different schemes of amplitude correction from the viewpoint of amplitude gain control (AGC) factors with different approximations. Four kinds of amplitude corrections are considered: the traditional vertical AGC, space-domain correction based on total illumination, correction in local scattering angle-domains, and the correction in local dip-angle domain. We analyze the different approximations involved in these schemes and compare their results of amplitude correction for the migrated images of Sigsbee2A model. The advantages of the correction in dip-angle domain can be seen clearly. The image quality of subsalt structures is greatly improved and the image amplitudes along subsalt faults are more balanced. In the meanwhile the noises and migration artifacts become smaller than other schemes.
Monometallic and bridged bimetallic (including mixed metal) complexes of 2,3-diazabicyclohept-2-ene with group vib tetracarbonyl moieties

Abstract Complexes of the type M(CO)4L2 (L = 2,3-diazabicyclohept-2-ene; M = Cr, Mo, W) and the bridging systems (CO)4ML2M′(CO)4 (M = M′ = Mo; M = Mo, M′ = Cr) have been prepared.
Erythermalgia Review of 51 Cases

The syndrome of erythermalgia is characterized by a burning distress of the extremities that is accompanied by redness and increased temperature of the skin. These symptoms are initiated or exacerbated by an increase in environmental temperature and diminished by measures that cool the skin. Of 51 patients with this clinical syndrome seen at the Mayo Clinic during the years 1951 to 1960 inclusive, 30 were considered as having primary erythermalgia because of the absence of demonstrable associated conditions, and the rest were classified as having secondary erythermalgia because the condition was associated with various diseases. Particularly significant was the relation of erythermalgia to the myeloproliferative disorders as evidenced in 10 cases. In some of these cases, erythermalgia preceded other manifestations of the myeloproliferative disorder by as long as 12 years. The primary type was found to occur in younger individuals and to be more often bilateral, to produce pain of greater intensity, and to involve larger areas of the affected extremities. The pathologic physiology of this syndrome remains unknown.
Recent developments in primality testing

Is there an algorithm that can decide whethern is prime or composite and that runs in polynomial time? The Adleman-Rumely algorithm and the Lenstra variations come so close, that it would seem that almost any improvement would give the final breakthrough. Is factoring inherently more difficult than distinguishing between primes and composites? Most people feel that this is so, but perhaps this problem too will soon yield. In his “Disquisitiones Arithmeticae” Gauss [9], p. 396, wrote “The problem of distinguishing prime numbers from composite numbers and of resolving the latter into their prime factors is known to be one of the most important and useful in arithmetic. It has engaged the industry and wisdom of ancient and modern geometers to such an extent that it would be superfluous to discuss the problem at length. Nevertheless we must confess that all methods that have been proposed thus far are either restricted to very special cases or are so laborious and prolix that even for numbers that do not exceed the limits of tables constructed by estimable men, i.e., for numbers that do not yield to artificial methods, they try the patience of even the practiced calculator. And these methods do not apply at all to larger numbers.” The struggle continues!
Infra-red spectra of metal complexes of riboflavin

Abstract The infra-red spectra of solid Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II) and Ag(I) complexes of riboflavin and the Cu(II) complexes of 6,7-dimethylalloxazine (lumichrome) and 2,4-dihydroxypteridine have been examined. The spectra indicate dipolar-ion chelates involving the 4-carbonyl group of riboflavin are formed with the divalent metals in the solid state.
Principles of Environmental Economics and the Political Economy of West German Environmental Policy

We begin by recognizing that environmental economics has an influence on environmental policy. We describe two schools of environmental economics: A standard school, an outgrowth of the standard economics paradigm; and an alternative school, one which is more normative in nature, which calls for radical economic change largely through a change in individual values and a transformation of industrial society. The policies and proposals of West German political parties are examined in terms of the principles of these two schools. We conclude that both schools are well represented across the political spectrum, from the fundamentalists in the Greens to the present governing coalition.
Thoracic spinal metastasis from unexpected cerebellar medulloblastoma: The value of MRI

A 28-year-old male was found on CT metrizamide myelography to have an intradural extramedullary tumor at the T8-T9 level. This was seen to compress the spinal cord, and on surgery it was proven to be medulloblastoma. Cranial CT scans disclosed only mild hydrocephalus and minimal anterior displacement of the inferior fourth ventricle on the right. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which was performed after the spinal surgery demonstrated an inferior cerebellar vermian tumor.
Comprehensive Analyses of the Spectra of Iron-group Elements

We summarize work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure and analyse the spectra of iron-group elements using Fourier transform and grating spectroscopy.
COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON CO‐OPERATIVE INTERLENDING IN THE USA

Recent developments in the USA have favoured decentralized networks rather than centralized resource libraries. US libraries have virtually no central planning or funding and the main drive towards progress is the initiative of individual libraries. This has created in the last ten years three major computer utilities — OCLC, RLG, WLN — and some twenty regional networks. OCLC is now in effect a commercial enterprise. Its shared cataloguing system can serve as an on‐line union catalogue; this has led to the development of an interlibrary loan subsystem which has increased the volume and changed the pattern of interlending. RLG and WLN have highly developed computer systems, but it is too early to assess their impact on inter/ending. These computer networks would be complemented, not duplicated by central resource libraries; with the National Periodicals Center effectively shelved, the Center for Research Libraries could take on a more dynamic role. Commercial vendors are often overlooked, but are an important element in document delivery systems. They are completely outside conventional library systems and might cream off the profitable end of the document supply market.
Iron/iron oxide core-shell nanoclusters for biomedical applications

Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles have been found promising in several biomedical applications for tagging, imaging, sensing and separation in recent years. Most magnetic particles or beads currently used in biomedical applications are based on ferromagnetic iron oxides with very low specific magnetic moments of about 20–30 emu/g. Here we report a new approach to synthesize monodispersed core-shell nanostructured clusters with high specific magnetic moments above 200 emu/g. Iron nanoclusters with monodispersive size of diameters from 2 nm to 100 nm are produced by our newly developed nanocluster source and go to a deposition chamber, where a chemical reaction starts, and the nanoclusters are coated with iron oxides. HRTEM Images show the coatings are very uniform and stable. The core-shell nanoclusters are superparamagnetic at room temperature for sizes less than 15 nm, and then become ferromagnetic when the cluster size increases. The specific magnetic moment of core-shell nanoclusters is size dependent, and increases rapidly from about 80 emu/g at the cluster size of around 3 nm to over 200 emu/g up to the size of 100 nm. The use of high magnetic moment nanoclusters for biomedical applications could dramatically enhance the contrast for MRI, reduce the concentration of magnetic particle needs for cell separation, or make drug delivery possible with much lower magnetic field gradients
Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada

Informed by social ecological, social capital, and social disorganization theories, this study tested an ecological model of youth experience in the Palestinian Intifada. The sample included 6,000 Palestinian 14 year olds, assessed in 1994 and 1995 after the end of the conflict. Data from retrospective self-reports of youth exposure to and involvement in political violence, and self-reports of current individual functioning (depression and antisocial behavior) and integration in several social contexts (family, peer relations, religion, education, and community), revealed: direct associations between Intifada experience and antisocial behavior and depression (females only); Intifada experience was positively associated with religiosity and unrelated to social integration in family, school, and peer relations; in some cases, social integration in family, education, religion, and peer relations significantly moderated the associations between Intifada experience and youth problems; integration in the several social contexts was directly related in predictable ways to youth problem behaviors, with neighborhood disorganization the most consistent and powerful predictor. The discussion centers around youth resilience to the effects of political violence, the role of psychological meaning children and adolescents can attach to political violence, and the overall salience of social integration in youth development. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recent condom use by arrested injection drug users in King County, Washington, USA

Abstract Background Sexual transmission is a significant HIV infection route among injection drug users (IDU) in the United States and condom use is a primary means of HIV prevention. To help guide and evaluate public health measures to reduce HIV infection, we examined HIV prevalence among IDU and evaluated condom use levels, time trends and associations with sociodemographic, sexual and drug-related variables. Methods Interviews and HIV screening were conducted among 1765 arrested IDU recruited from two jails (in Seattle and Kent) in King County, Washington, from 1998 through 2002. Results HIV prevalence was 2.5%. Prevalence was higher for participants reporting a history of sex work and for men reporting male-to-male, which together accounted for 26 of the 44 HIV-positive participants. In the previous 6 months, among sexually active participants, 13% reported using condoms always, 22% sometimes and 65% never. There was a significant rise in condom use over time, with 14% reporting any condom use in 1998 and 44% in 2002. In both males and females, condom use rose as a function of the number of sexual partners; in females the rise was especially steep. Condom use was more likely to be reported by men reporting a recent male sex partner and less likely to be reported by amphetamine injectors. Condom use was less frequently reported by older participants than younger among those recruited at the Kent Jail but not the Seattle jail. Conclusions The trend towards increasing likelihood of condom use over time and the tendency of Seattle-area IDU at highest risk to be more likely to report condom use suggest measurable, if modest, progress in reducing risk of sexual transmission of HIV among Seattle IDU.
Data base system considerations in engineering design

A general structural design procedure, including general development and maintenance steps, is outlined from a data requirements perspective. Within each phase of the design process, certain data is required for the undertaking and completion of each design step. As the various steps in the design process such as component and prototype testing and in-service experience generate new or additional data, that information should be incorporated into the data banks for use in current and future designs.
Prostate volume measurement by transrectal ultrasound and computed tomography before and after permanent prostate brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose To quantify prostate volume (pvol) changes with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) immediately after permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) and to correlate these changes with postimplant computed tomography (CT) volumetrics. To provide data relevant to evaluating the potential of TRUS-based image fusion for intraoperative dosimetry. Methods and materials Between July 2000 and January 2003, 177 patients underwent 125 I PPB monotherapy at our institution, and 165 patients provided research authorization. A total of 136 patients (82%) completed 4 imaging studies: planning TRUS, intraoperative pre- and postimplant TRUS, and CT. Results Mean planning TRUS pvol was 38.7 ± 11.7 cc standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) (36.7, 40.7). Mean intraoperative TRUS pvol preimplant was 37.1 ± 11.7 cc SD, 95% CI (35.1, 39.0), and postimplant was 44.5 ± 15.1 cc SD, 95% CI (42.0, 47.1). The mean ratio of postimplant:preimplant intraoperative TRUS pvols was 1.2 ± 0.2 SD, 95% CI (1.18, 1.24), and the difference in mean values was 7.5 cc ( p Conclusions Whereas mean preimplant step-section TRUS pvol measurements are similar, postimplant TRUS and CT measurements have greater variability that depend on initial pvol. CT-based pvol measurements determined a mean of 10.6 hours after implant were more likely to be identical to those of immediate postimplant TRUS in prostates >33 cc. These data are relevant for establishing accuracy in image-fusion based approaches being investigated for real-time intraoperative PPB dosimetry.
A hybrid radix-4/madix-8 low power signed multiplier architecture

A hybrid radix-4/radix-8 architecture targeted for high bit, general purpose, digital multipliers is presented as a compromise between the high speed of a radix-4 multiplier architecture and the low power dissipation of a radix-8 multiplier architecture. In this hybrid radix-4/radix-8 multiplier architecture, the performance bottleneck of a radix-8 multiplier, the generation of three times the multiplicand for use in generating the radix-8 partial product, is performed in parallel with the reduction of the radix-4 partial products rather than serially, as in a radix-8 multiplier. This hybrid radix-4/radix-8 multiplier architecture requires 13% less power for a 64/spl times/64-b multiplier, and results in only a 9% increase in delay, as compared with a radix-4 implementation. When the voltage supply is scaled to equalize delay, the 64/spl times/64-b hybrid multiplier dissipates less power than either the radix-4 or radix-8 multipliers. The hybrid radix-4/radix-8 architecture is therefore appropriate for those applications that must dissipate minimal power while operating at high speeds.
Siblings of Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Theoretical Perspectives on Sibling Relationships and Individual Adjustment.

A burgeoning research literature investigates the sibling relationships of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their implications for individual adjustment. Focusing on four relationship domains—behaviors,emotions, cognitions and involvement—and toward advancing this generally a theoretical literature, were view and apply tenets from a range of theoretical perspectives in an effort to illuminate the mechanisms underlying sibling relationship experiences and their adjustment implications. Our review suggests new directions for research to test theoretically-grounded hypotheses about how sibling relationships develop and are linked to individual adjustment. In addition, we consider how identifying underlying bio-psycho-social processes can aid in the development of interventions to promote warm and involved sibling relationships and positive youth development.
The Drake Health Registry Study: Findings from fifteen years of continuous bladder cancer screening

Background The Drake Health Registry Study (DHRS) is an ongoing bladder cancer screening program initiated in 1986 due to workers' probable past exposure to the bladder carcinogen, beta-naphthylamine (BNA). Methods At periodic screening visits, a health survey is administered and three screening tests are applied to a urine sample, urinalysis (UA), papanicolaou (PAP), and quantitative fluorescence image analysis (QFIA). Positive screens are eligible for a free bladder cystoscopy with random biopsies. Results Forty of 51 persons eligible for diagnostic evaluation underwent cystoscopy. One person was diagnosed with carcinoma in situ, two with transitional cell papilloma, 14 with dysplasia, two of which developed transitional cell carcinoma; 26 had bladder abnormalities such as chronic inflammation, chronic cystitis, atypical changes, atypia, hyperplasia, or papillary clusters. Conclusions The DHRS continues to identify early stage bladder cancer and other abnormalities among workers exposed to BNA before 1981 and generates useful clinical, psycho-social, and epidemiologic data. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43: 142–148, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pacing following shocks stronger than the defibrillation threshold: impact on defibrillation outcome.

VF Induction After Defibrillation Shocks. Introduction: A recent study of shocks near defibrillation threshold (DFT) strength demonstrated that at least three rapid cycles always occur after failed shocks but not after successful shocks, suggestion that the number and rapidity of postshock cycles are important in determining defibrillation success. To test this hypothesis, rapid pacing was performed following a shock stronger than the DFT that by itself did not induce rapid cycles and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Methods and Results: Epicardial activation was mapped in six pigs using a 504-electrode sock. The DFT was determined by an up/down protocol with SI shocks (right ventricle-superior vena cava, biphasic). Ten shocks that were 100 to 200 V above the DFT (aDFT) were delivered after 10 seconds of VF to confirm they always defibrillated. Then, S2, S3, etc., pacing at 5 to 10 times diastolic threshold was performed from the left ventricular apex after aDFT shocks during VF. First, the postshock interval after aDFT shocks was scanned with an S2 stimulus to find the shortest S1-S2 coupling interval (CI) that captured. This was repeated for S3, S4, etc., until VF was induced. To induce VF after aDFT shocks, three pacing stimuli (S2, S3, S4) with progressively shorter CIs were always required; S2 or S2, S3 never induced VF. For the S2-S4 cycles, the intercycle interval was shorter (P < 0.01), and the wavefront conduction time was longer (P < 0.0l) for episodes in which VF was induced (n = 57) than for episodes in which it was not (n = 60). Following the S4 cycle that induced VF, two types of spontaneous activation patterns appeared: focal (88%) and reentrant (12%). Conclusion: VF induction after aDFT shocks always required at least three rapid successive paced-induced cycles. Thus, the number and rapidity of the first several postshock cycles rather than just the first postshock cycle may be determining factors for defibrillation outcome.
Adaptive functioning following traumatic brain injury and orthopedic injury : A controlled study

Abstract Objective: To study adaptive functioning after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Case-control study. Setting: A university hospital and three regional and four community hospitals. Subjects: A consecutive series ( n = 24) of children age 5 through 14 years who suffered severe TBI were individually matched to subjects who sustained a mild TBI and to a second group who sustained an orthopedic injury with no evidence of TBI. Main Outcome Measures: Standardized adaptive functioning, intellectual, psychiatric, and neuroimaging assessments were conducted on average 2 years after injury. Results: Severe TBI was associated with significantly ( p p Conclusions: Severe TBI is associated with significant deficits in child adaptive functioning. This association appears to be mediated by family dysfunction, child psychiatric disorder, and intellectual deficits.
Automated Polar ice thickness estimation from radar imagery

This work focuses on automating the task of estimating Polar ice thickness from airborne radar data acquired over Greenland and Antarctica. This process involves the identification and accurate selection of the ice sheet's surface location and interface between the ice sheet and the underlying bedrock for each measurement. Identifying the surface and bedrock locations in the radar imagery enables the computation of ice sheet thickness, which is important for the study of ice sheets, their volume, and how they may contribute to global climate change. The time-consuming manual approach requires sparse hand-selection of surface and bedrock interfaces by several human experts, and interpolating between the selections to save time.
Effect of in-plane deformation on the cohesive failure of heterogeneous adhesives

The effect of in-plane deformations on the failure response of heterogeneous adhesives with a second phase of spherical elastic particles is investigated numerically using a 3D cohesive framework. The methodology includes a new interface-enriched generalized finite element scheme for the solution of structural problems with weak discontinuities, allowing for the efficient and accurate prediction of the stress and displacement fields in the adhesive based on finite element meshes that do not conform to the heterogeneities. A rate-dependent isotropic failure model is adopted to capture the failure in the matrix, while the stiff inclusions are assumed to be linearly elastic. Cohesive failure envelopes resulting from the micro-to-macro analysis are extracted for a wide variety of failure mode conditions. A study of 1611the impact of in-plane tensile and shear strains on the macroscopic failure response under tensile (mode I) loading is also presented.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TWO TURTLE SPECIES TO EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS

Two species of turtles collected in southern New England were inoculated subcutaneously with eastern equine encephalitis virus. The spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) developed viremia and neutralizing antibody after exposure to 3 logs or more of virus. Viremia was not detected in the eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta), and neutralizing antibody was detected in only 1 of 15 inoculated C. picta; however, since pre-inoculation serum was not obtained from this animal, the possibility of natural infection cannot be eliminated.
VAST MM: multimedia browser for presentation video

In the domain of candidly captured student presentation videos, we examine and evaluate approaches for multi-modal analysis and indexing of audio and video. We apply visual segmentation techniques on unedited video to determine likely changes of topics. Speaker segmentation methods are employed to determine individual student appearances, which are linked to extracted headshots to create a visual speaker index. Videos are augmented with time-aligned filtered keywords and phrases from highly inaccurate speech transcripts. Our experimental user interface, the VAST MM Browser (Video Audio Structure Text Multi Media Browser), combines streaming videos, visual, and textual indices for browsing and searching. We evaluate the UI and methods in a large engineering design course. We report on observations and statistics collected over 4 semesters and 598 student participants. Results suggest that our video indexing and retrieval approach is effective, and that our continuous improvements are reflecting in an increase in precision and recall of user study tasks.
Advances in diagnostic interventional pulmonology

The recent advances in diagnostic pulmonary procedures have revolutionized the evaluation of abnormal thoracic findings including lung nodules and masses, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural diseases. Bronchoscopies with endobronchial ultrasonography and electromagnetic navigation are examples of new technology that has significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of these procedures in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer without the need for more invasive procedures. This report describes the different diagnostic pulmonary interventions providing a description of the procedures, their indications, diagnostic yield and drawback.
In Vivo Observation of Cavitation and Embolism Repair Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to noninvasively monitor the status of individual xylem vessels in the stem of an intact, transpiring grape (Vitis vinifera) plant over a period of approximately 40 h. Proton density-weighted MRI was used to visualize the distribution of mobile water in the stem and individual xylem vessels were scored as either water or gas filled (i.e. embolized). The number of water-filled vessels decreased during the first 24 h of the experiment, indicating that approximately 10 vessels had cavitated during this time. Leaf water potentials decreased from -1.25 to -2.1 MPa during the same period. Watering increased leaf water potentials to -0.25 MPa and prevented any further cavitation. Refilling of xylem vessels occurred as soon as the lights were switched off, with the majority of vessels becoming refilled with water during the first 2 to 3 h in darkness. These measurements demonstrate that MRI can be used to monitor the functional status of individual xylem vessels, providing the first method to study the process of cavitation and embolism repair in intact plants.
Designing production systems for quality: Research opportunities from an automotive industry perspective

We explore the intersection of two research areas: quality and production system design. Conventional wisdom holds that a product's quality is affected much more by its design than its production. Nevertheless, we argue that the production system used to manufacture a product does indeed affect its quality. We briefly review the limited literature on the intersection of quality and production system design and suggest several new research issues that are important to industry.
An endocrinology laboratory exercise demonstrating the effect of confinement stress on the immune system of mice

This article describes a simple laboratory exercise for examining the effect of stress on the immune system in mice. Mice are subjected to confinement stress for 1 h, after which a sample of blood is collected via the caudal vein. Blood samples are smeared onto microscope slides, air dried, and stained with Wright's Giemsa stain. When differential white blood cell counts are performed, there are noticeable differences between the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts of stressed versus control mice. The protocol is simple enough for students to perform, and the entire experiment can be completed within 3 h. Examples of ways in which the basic protocol can be modified to accommodate a shorter laboratory class are provided. This hands-on laboratory experiment provides students with experience using the scientific method to investigate the interaction between the endocrine and immune systems in response to stress.
Structural drift: a possible path to protein fold change

Summary: Along with their mutating sequences, protein structures change in time. Analyzing a formate dehydrogenase domain that is evolutionarily related to ferredoxin, but simultaneously contains all the structural elements of a β-Grasp fold, we illustrate here a mechanism termed as structural drift, by which changes to a protein fold can occur. Contact: grishin@chop.swmed.edu
TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION OF THE HIP WITH FRACTURE OF THE SHAFT OF THE IPSILATERAL FEMUR

1. A brief summary is given of the literature on patients with a dislocated hip and a fractured femur on the same side.2. One further patient is reported, treated by closed reduction of the hip and the fracture.3. A warning is given on the frequency with which the dislocation is not diagnosed in this double injury.
Long-term complications of platinum in testicular cancer survivors

4589 Background: Long-term medical complications of platinum have become a major priority in the care of testicular cancer survivors. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of these complicati...
IATROGENIC MITRAL REGURGITATION: A RARE COMPLICATION OF IMPELLA DEVICE MANAGED WITH TANDEM HEART

Mitral regurgitation (MR) after Impella® placement is a rare, catastrophic complication. A 52 year old man presented with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and had an unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention. Impella CP® was placed for support and he was transferred to our
A mathematical framework for algorithm-based fault-tolerant computing over a ring of integers

In this work, we establish a complete mathematical framework for algorithm-based fault-tolerant computing for data vectors defined over a ring of integers. The ring of integers consists of integers {0,1,…,M−1} and all the arithmetic operations are performed modulo the integerM, which is assumed to be composite. The importance of the work lies in the suitability of modulo arithmetic in certain computational environments. Lack of an underlying Galois field,GF(q), presents a unique challenge to this framework. We develop the theory and algorithms for single as well as multiple fault correction and detection. We also analyze the parallel and serial nature of the encoder and decoder configurations. Certain known but rather old results in the theory of numbers dealing with linear congruences and matrix algebra are also described and extended further using mathematical terminology that modern-day researchers are expected to be familiar with.
Invariants for ω -categorical, ω -stable theories

In this paper we give a complete solution to the classification problem forω-categorical,ω-stable theories. More explicitly, supposeT isω-categorical,ω-stable with fewer than the maximum number of models in some uncountable power. We associate with each modelM ofT a “simple” invariantI(M), not unlike a vector of dimensions, such thatI(M)=I(N) if and only ifM≅N. The spectrum function,I(−,T), for a first-order theoryT is such that for all infinite cardinals λ,I(λ,T) is the number of nonisomorphic models ofT of cardinality λ. As an application of our “structure theorem” we determine the possible spectrum functions forω-categorical,ω-stable theories.
Between Civil Society And The State: Bureaucratic Competence And Cultural Mediation Among Muslim Undertakers In Berlin

ABSTRACTThis article explores the intercultural negotiations around the death and burial of Muslims in Germany. In particular, it examines the mediating role that Muslim undertakers play between immigrant families and the German state. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Turkish funeral homes and the Islamic funeral industry in Berlin, it argues that undertakers’ ability to navigate the regulatory structures of the German bureaucracy and the cultural expectations of their customers is a defining feature of their occupational identity and a principal source of their professional authority. As intermediaries between civil society and the state, undertakers guide families through the cultural, religious, political, and legal landscapes that structure the transitions from life to death. In burying the dead and tending to the living, they must reconcile competing sets of administrative and cultural norms surrounding death and interment. In doing so, the Muslim undertakers of Berlin preside not only over end-of...
Optoelectronic Properities of A-Ge:H/A-Si:H Superlattic Structures

The optoelectronic properties of multilayer a-Ge:H/a-Si:H superlattices with bandgaps between ∼ 1.4 and 1.1eV are presented. The dependence of the electronic properties on the band alignment and the layer thicknesses is established and quantified. Particular emphasis is given to properties relevant to practical device applications and which involve carrier transport perpendicular to the layers.
Planning and Evaluation on Forest Resources of Yuanyang County,Yunnan Province

Based on the data of forest management inventory,and associating field investigation and statistical analysis,with use of factors analysis of Shannon-Wiener index,arboreal volume,tree growth and forest coverage,the status of forestry resource of Yuanyang County in Yunnan Province was studied.Further more,according to differences of forestry resource at different villiges,status of natural environment and socio-ecomic condition,Yuanyang county can be divided into three types of function areas,which are ecological function area,social function area and economic function area.It is target to promote the sustainable development of Yuanyang County and make comprehensive use of forestry in the regional ecomomic development.
Kant’s Life and Thought

Biography of Kant is of necessity intellectual biography. For his personal life was, even for a philosopher, remarkably uneventful. As an abundance of caricatures and anecdotes testify, the most interesting thing about Kant’s personal life was its apparently thoroughgoing dullness. Born in Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad) in 1724, the son of a saddler, Kant’s early life was influenced by the deep religious atmosphere of his home. His parents were Pietists, part of a German Protestant movement which stressed the religious importance of personal integrity and purity of soul over worldly accomplishments. Kant’s own characteristic devotion to the ideals of duty and moral earnestness no doubt grew out of this home environment. From 1732 to 1740 he prepared for the university at the Collegium Fredericianum, and from 1740 to 1746 studied physics, mathematics, philosophy and theology at the University of Konigsberg. Konigsberg was by no means the most distinguished of the German universities, but Kant found sufficient contentment there to make this university his academic home for the remainder of his life. After a period of private tutoring, during which he refused an offer from the University of Jena, Kant received his doctorate in 1755 and became a Privatdozent (special lecturer) at Konigsberg. He also served for a time as assistant librarian at the Royal Library. From 1770 to 1797 he was Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at Konigsberg. He never married and lived his entire life in this small Prussian city and its vicinity. He died in 1804.