cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of adenylate kinase. Demonstration of a functional relationship between aspartate 93 and Mg2+ by site-directed mutagenesis and proton, phosphorus-31, and magnesium-25 NMR.

Earlier magnetic resonance studies suggested no direct interaction between Mg2+ ions and adenylate kinase (AK) in the AK.MgATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) complex. However, recent NMR studies concluded that the carboxylate of aspartate 119 accepts a hydrogen bond from a water ligand of the bound Mg2+ ion in the muscle AK.MgATP complex [Fry, D.C., Kuby, S.A., & Mildvan, A.S. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4680-4694]. On the other hand, in the 2.6-A crystal structure of the yeast AK.MgAP5A [P1,P5-bis(5'-adenosyl)pentaphosphate] complex, the Mg2+ ion is in proximity to aspartate 93 [Egner, U., Tomasselli, A.G., & Schulz, G.E. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 195, 649-658]. Substitution of Asp-93 with alanine resulted in no change in dissociation constants, 4-fold increases in Km, and a 650-fold decrease in kcat. Notable changes have been observed in the chemical shifts of the aromatic protons of histidine 36 and a few other aromatic residues. However, the results of detailed analyses of the free enzymes and the AK.MgAP5A complexes by one- and two-dimensional NMR suggested that the changes are due to localized perturbations. Thus it is concluded that Asp-93 stabilizes the transition state by ca. 3.9 kcal/mol. The next question is how. Since proton NMR results indicated that binding of Mg2+ to the AK.AP5A complex induces some changes in the proton NMR signals of WT but not those of D93A, the functional role of Asp-93 should be in binding to Mg2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unscripted motherhood: Lesbian mothers negotiating incompletely institutionalized family relationships:

In this article, I use Cherlin’s notion of incomplete institutionalization as a conceptual tool for understanding the parenting stories of 40 lesbian mothers. Using data gathered from interviews with 40 respondents, I examine these issues within a framework that acknowledges the differences among the respondents based on their trajectories to motherhood. I also address the unique difficulties they face as they negotiate their roles and relationships within their families and the extra layer of problems they experience in their interactions with social institutions, such as the law. My analysis suggests that lesbian-headed families are faced with internal dynamics that are similar to heterosexual stepfamilies, but also different, in that they encounter problems in their interactions with institutions (e.g., schools, the law) due to their incompletely institutionalized status. I present three resilience strategies employed by the respondents, including normalization tactics, second-parent adoptions, and com...
Mechano-chemical synthesis and characterization of nanostructured β-TCP powder

Abstract Tricalcium phosphates (Ca3(PO4)2: β-TCP) are known for their biodegradable characteristics and are essential components of natural bone. Unlike hydroxyapatite (HAp), β-TCP is not the stable phase at room temperature. It is normally obtained by solid-state synthesis at temperatures in excess of 600 °C where calcium deficient hydroxyapatite transforms to β-TCP. Low temperature approaches for synthesizing this phase could offer unique opportunities with regards to controlling the microstructure and its degradable characteristics. In this study, the possibility of synthesizing β-TCP directly by a mechano-chemical route has been investigated. The starting materials were mechanically milled for various time periods. The resultant calcium phosphate powder has been analyzed using XRD, FTIR, DTA/TGA and SEM.
Singularity Subtraction for Nearly Singular Integrals on Curvilinear Triangular Elements

This letter proposes a general singularity subtraction scheme to handle nearly singular 2-D integrals on curved triangular elements arising in high order method of moments (MoM) solution to surface integral equations. The approach works for kernels with various orders of singularity, and has very fast convergence. Comparisons are made between the proposed approach and the singularity cancellation schemes.
Renal Collision Tumor in Association with Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

Collision tumor is a rare condition in which two neoplasms (usually benign and malignant), both growing in the same general area, collide with each other and become intermingled. We present histopathology and imaging correlation of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis coexistent with squamous cell carcinoma and osteogenic sarcoma of the kidney.
Discordant results of programmed ventricular stimulation at different right ventricular sites in patients with and without spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia: a prospective study of 56 patients

Programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) was prospectively performed in 56 consecutive patients from both the right ventricular (RV) apex and the RV outflow tract. Thirty-seven patients had documented clinical sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 19 patients had no sustained spontaneous VT in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. The sensitivity of VT induction was 65% from the RV apex, 76% from the RV outflow tract and was 89% with combined stimulation at both RV sites. The specificity from the RV apex, the RV outflow tract and both sites combined was 100%. When sustained VT was induced from both sites (51%), it was usually of the same morphologic characteristics, axis and cycle length. When sustained VT was induced at 1 site and nonsustained VT at the second site, the morphologic characteristics or axis usually differed. Of patients who had VT induced at both RV sites during the baseline study 37% had VT rendered noninducible during treatment with conventional antiarrhythmic agents. No patients whose VT was induced at only 1 RV site responded to conventional drugs. We conclude that programmed ventricular stimulation at a second RV site is frequently helpful in the evaluation of VT. Inducibility at only 1 of 2 RV sites predicts a poor response to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs.
Why university members use and resist technology? A structure enactment perspective

This case study investigated university members’ use of and resistance to a communication information technology system in a higher education organization. This case study utilized the technology enactment framework to examine structure enactment in university members’ technology use and resistance. We found that the following structures were enacted in organizational members’ interactions with the system: maximum use, enhancing teaching, augmenting service, limited use, and resistance. Besides providing empirical evidence to the enactments of inertia, application, and change, this case study added a new enactment type, i.e., resistance, to the existing enactment typology. The findings provided empirical support to the structuration principle—the enabling and constraining nature of structure. Important implications were addressed with respect to adoption and implementation of technology in higher education institutions.
Leukocyte (3H) thymidine uptake in short-term whole-blood cultures of human and canine renal allograft recipients.

Abstract Serial studies of human and canine renal allograft recipients, using a simple and reproducible whole-blood culture technique, demonstrated that measurements of in vitro leukocyte [ 3 H]thymidine uptake were not useful as a means of predicting and monitoring the onset of early graft rejection. During the first 15 days after transplantation, significant increases in leukocyte incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine were observed among all nine human recipients studied. However, only three patients showed clinically detectable episodes of allograft rejection. In contrast, canine renal allograft recipients, allowed to undergo rejection of the transplanted organs, showed no significant changes in leukocyte [ 3 H]thymidine uptake during the 5–13 days prior to death.
Fifteen Years of Vegetation and Soil Development after Brackish‐Water Marsh Creation

Aboveground biomass, macro-organic matter (MOM), and wetland soil characteristics were measured periodically between 1983 and 1998 in a created brackish-water marsh and a nearby natural marsh along the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina to evaluate the development of wetland vegetation and soil dependent functions after marsh creation. Development of aboveground biomass and MOM was dependent on elevation and frequency of tidal inundation. Aboveground biomass of Spartina alterniflora, which occupied low elevations along tidal creeks and was inundated frequently, developed to levels similar to the natural marsh (750 to 1,300 g/m 2 ) within three years after creation. Spartina cynosuroides, which dominated interior areas of the marsh and was flooded less frequently, required 9 years to consistently achieve aboveground biomass equivalent to the natural marsh (600 to 1,560 g/m 2 ). Aboveground biomass of Spartina patens, which was planted at the highest elevations along the terrestrial margin and seldom flooded, never consistently developed aboveground biomass comparable with the natural marsh during the 15 years after marsh creation. MOM (0 to 10 cm) generally developed at the same rate as aboveground biomass. Between 1988 and 1998, soil bulk density decreased and porosity and organic C and N pools increased in the created marsh. Like vegetation, wetland soil development proceeded faster in response to increased inundation, especially in the streamside zone dominated by S. alterniflora. We estimated that in the streamside and interior zones, an additional 30 years (nitrogen) to 90 years (organic C, porosity) are needed for the upper 30 cm of created marsh soil to become equivalent to the natural marsh. Wetland soil characteristics of the S. patens community along upland fringe will take longer to develop, more than 200 years. Development of the benthic invertebrate-based food web, which depends on organic matter enrichment of the upper 5 to 10 cm of soil, is expected to take less time. Wetland soil characteristics and functions of created irregularly flooded brackish marshes require longer to develop compared with regularly flooded salt marshes because reduced tidal inundation slows wetland vegetation and soil development. The hydrologic regime (regularly vs. irregularly flooded) of the target wetland should be considered when setting realistic expectations for success criteria of created and restored wetlands.
Interest driven suppositional reasoning

The aim of this paper is to investigate two related aspects of human reasoning, and use the results to construct an automated theorem prover for the predicate calculus that at least approximately models human reasoning. The result is a non-resolution theorem prover that does not use Skolemization. It involves two central ideas. One is the interest constraints that are of central importance in guiding human reasoning. The other is the notion of suppositional reasoning, wherein one makes a supposition, draws inferences that depend upon that supposition, and then infers a conclusion that does not depend upon it. Suppositional reasoning is involved in the use of conditionals and reductio ad absurdum, and is central to human reasoning with quantifiers. The resulting theorem prover turns out to be surprisingly efficient, beating most resolution theorem provers on some hard problems.
Schizophrenia in College Students in Korea: A Qualitative Perspective

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to identify the salient themes that characterize the life experiences of college students with schizophrenia. METHODS. Twenty-one schizophrenia patients enrolled in college underwent in-depth interviews employing semistructured questionnaires. The content of the interviews was analyzed for recurring themes and categories of experience. FINDINGS. Analyses revealed 25 themes and six categories of experience. Subjects reported the experiences of school life (23.6%), interactions with family (22.2%), interactions with friends (21.9%), a mental illness (20.5%), everyday life (6.1%), and social role performance (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS. This study supports the need for treatment options that meet the students’ actual life experiences focusing on developmental characteristics and needs.
American Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Historical Perspective

The historical relationships between archaeology and physical anthropology are discussed, beginning with Morton and extending to the present. The emergence of Boasian anthropology had a fundamental effect on the way skeletal data could be interpreted in archaeological and anthropological contexts. Hooton's influence was responsible for shifting attention from the occasional individual skeleton to large samples, as exemplified by research on collections by Kidder at Pecos. Nevertheless, this and later studies suffered from a typological approach which was replaced in the 1940s by populational concepts of variability and evolutionary change. As archaeologists have come to recognize human behavior as a function of the interdependence of the physical and the cultural in particular instances of environmental adaptation, they require the explication of the physical dimension which the physical anthrologist alone can provide.
Public health consequences of the 2008 Hurricane Ike windstorm in Ohio, USA

Hurricane Ike struck Galveston, Texas, on 13 September 2008, and transitioned to an extra-tropical cyclone on 14 September as it moved across Ohio with wind gusts of 28–35 ms−1. This was the second most disruptive statewide windstorm in Ohio since 1913, and it caused the largest electrical failure in Ohio history, with 2 million customers without power. Private insured losses of $1.1 billion were the largest for a natural disaster in Ohio since 1974. There were seven deaths caused by the storm and 603 injuries. The American Red Cross opened 25 shelters and 86 feeding stations. Hospitals and public water supply systems used backup generators to maintain operations. Public health consequences of the storm were minimized by good preplanning and preparedness at the local level, by moderate temperatures during the massive power failure, and the response of governments, the American Red Cross, charitable and service organizations, and private citizens.
The inelastic scattering of 17.8 MeV protons from 58Ni, 60Ni and 120Sn and the determination of spin and parity assignments for 58Ni from α-particle scattering

Abstract Protons of energy about 17.8 MeV were scattered from targets of 58Ni, 60Ni and 120Sn. Precise angular distributions were obtained over the angular range 20°–170° for most of the lowlying excited states in each nucleus. Also, 50 MeV α-particles were scattered from 58Ni to determine the spin-parity assignments for a number of levels. Using these assignments, it was found that the 58Ni proton scattering angular distributions for levels with the same spin and parity demonstrated definite similarities. Optical-model studies were made for the proton elastic scattering data, and the resulting potentials were used to obtain satisfactory DWBA predictions for the collective 2+ and 3− levels. The proton scattering angular distributions for many of the weaker levels were also found to resemble strongly the collective model DWBA predictions.
Photodissociation of OCS at 222 nm. The triplet channel

Abstract The dissociation of OCS at 222 nm produces both S(1D) and S(3P). By monitoring the Doppler profile of the minor S (3P2) product on the 3D03 ← 3P2 transition it is determined that the branching ratio for this triplet channel is 5% relative to the singlet channel. Detailed analysis of the Doppler profiles provides an anisotropy parameter of β=0.3±0.2 and a recoil speed distribution whose average energy is 37% of the 19881 cm−1 available energy. The remainder of the energy, 12525 cm−1, is deposited into CO vibration and rotation. The distributions for both the relative translation and the CO internal energy are broad.
The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions

Two studies were conducted to (a) examine the gender-role stereotypical, counterstereotypical, and gender-neutral messages contained in a sample of first- and second-grade children's favorite television programs; and (b) to link the results of the content analysis to the children's gender-role values and interpersonal attraction to same- and opposite-gender television characters while the content analysis showed that there was a great deal of gender neutrality in the programs the children preferred. However, as predicted, male characters were still more likely than female characters to answer questions, boss or order others, show ingenuity, achieve a goal, and eat. The results of the survey showed that preference for stereotypical content predicted boys' valuing hard work and humor. In addition, for girls preference for male stereotypical and male counterstereotypical content negatively predicted interpersonal attraction to female characters, whereas preference for female counterstereotypical and gender-n...
Alterations in food intake by opioid and dopamine signaling pathways between the ventral tegmental area and the shell of the nucleus accumbens.

Abstract Reward is an important factor motivating food intake in satiated animals. Two sites involved in the reward response are the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens shell region (sNAcc), between which communication is partially regulated by opioids and dopamine (DA). Previous studies have shown that the μ-opioid agonist Tyr- d -Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO) dose-dependently enhances food intake in satiated animals when injected into either the VTA or the sNAcc. The enhanced intake elicited by DAMGO injected into the sNAcc was dose-dependently blocked by injection of naltrexone (NTX) bilaterally into the VTA, indicating an opioid-dependent signaling pathway from the sNAcc to the VTA in mediation of food intake. In the present study, we cannulated animals bilaterally in both the VTA and the sNAcc to further study the nature of opioid- and DA-dependent communication between the sites. Food intake elicited by DAMGO (2 or 5 nmol) injected unilaterally into the VTA was dose-dependently diminished by bilateral injection of NTX (2.5, 5, and 25 g/side) or the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (3, 1, 0.3, 0.15, 0.05, and 0.015 nmol/side) into the sNAcc. When DAMGO (5 nmol) was injected into the sNAcc, the resulting food intake was decreased by doses of SCH 23390 ranging from 0.05 to 100 nmol/side injected bilaterally into the VTA, but not by equimolar doses of Raclopride, a D2 antagonist. These results, combined with previous findings, suggest a signaling pathway between the VTA and the sNAcc in which opioids and DA facilitate feeding in an interdependent manner.
Mating competitors increase religious beliefs

It has been presumed that religiosity has an influence on mating behavior, but here we experimentally investigate the possibility that mating behavior might also influence religiosity. In Experiment 1, people reported higher religiosity after looking at mating pools consisting of attractive people of their own sex compared to attractive opposite sex targets. Experiment 2 replicated the effect with an added control group, and suggested that both men and women become more religious when seeing same sex competitors. We discuss several possible explanations for these effects. Most broadly, the findings contribute to an emerging literature on how cultural phenomena such as religiosity respond to ecological cues in potentially functional ways.
Activation of STAT3 by the Src family kinase Hck requires a functional SH3 domain.

STAT3 is a member of a family of transcription factors with Src homology 2 (SH2) domains that are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to a wide variety of cytokines and growth factors. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of STAT3 activation by the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which have been linked to STAT activation in both normal and transformed cell types. Using Sf-9 insect cells, we demonstrate direct STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of DNA binding activity by five members of the Src kinase family (Src, Hck, Lyn, Fyn, and Fgr). We also observed stable STAT3.Src family kinase complex formation in this system. Recombinant Src family kinase SH3 domains were sufficient for interaction with STAT3, suggesting a mechanistic basis for the Src kinase-STAT3 interaction. To test the contribution of Src family kinase SH3 domains to the recruitment and activation of STAT3 in vivo, we used Rat-2 fibroblasts expressing activated mutants of the myeloid Src family member Hck. Transformation of fibroblasts by an activated Hck mutant lacking the negative regulatory tail tyrosine residue (Hck-YF) induced strong DNA binding activity of endogenous STAT3. Inactivation of Hck SH3 function by Ala replacement of a conserved Trp residue (W93A mutant) completely abolished STAT3 activation by Hck-YF and reduced transforming activity by 50% without affecting Hck kinase activity. Finally, overexpression of STAT3 in Rat-2 cells transiently stimulated Hck and c-Src kinase activity in the absence of extracellular signals, an effect that was dependent upon a putative SH3 binding motif in STAT3. These results support a model in which Src family kinases recruit STAT3 through an SH3-dependent mechanism, resulting in transient kinase activation and STAT3 phosphorylation.
Blood-Clotting Studies on Dogs Internally Irradiated with Radio-Gold.∗

SummaryInternal irradiation with radio-gold (Au198), in sufficient dosage, and after several days'latency, induces a blood coagulation defect of which the prothrombin consumption test is a sensitive index. By using this test through the course of the irradiation, the 2-stage values seem to reflect, with some accuracy, the severity and probable outcome of the radiation injury. Similar data are becoming available in several animal species (including man) and with various types of irradiation. We have begun to collect data on human cancer patients under isotope radiation therapy in order to learn more about this interesting phenomenon.
Protein Feeding and Oviposition Effects on Attraction of Screwworm Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Host Fluids

Olfactometers were used to study effects of protein feeding and oviposition on attraction of adults of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), to host blood and wound fluids. Engorgement accompanied oviposition on a proteinaceous substrate, and about 80% of the feeding that occurred in association with oviposition was observed after egg laying began. Oviposition with feeding reduced attraction; oviposition alone did not. Protein feeding 60-90 min before bioassay reduced responsiveness of vitellogenic nullipars but not gravid ones; however, a transient drop was detected 30 min after gravid flies fed. This pattern correlated with the reluctance of gravid females, unlike vitellogenic ones or those that oviposited, to engorge fully. The results confirmed existence of a feeding attractant and supported the hypothesis that a feeding attractant associated with hosts draws females with immature ovaries and those seeking oviposition sites.
Urethroplasty for Radiotherapy Induced Bulbomembranous Strictures: A Multi-Institutional Experience

Purpose: Radiotherapy induced urethral strictures are often difficult to manage due to proximal location, compromised vascular supply and poor wound healing. To determine the success of urethroplasty for radiation induced strictures we performed a multi-institutional review of men who underwent urethroplasty for urethral obstruction.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 men (mean age 67 years) underwent urethroplasty at 3 separate institutions. Excision with primary anastomosis was used in 24 of 30 patients (80%), with 4 of 30 requiring a genital fasciocutaneous skin flap and 2 a buccal graft. Hospitalization was less than 23 hours for 70% of the patients. Recurrence was defined as cystoscopic identification of urethral narrowing to less than 16Fr in diameter.Results: All strictures were located in the bulbomembranous region. Mean stricture length was 2.9 cm (range 1.5 to 7). External beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer was the etiology of stricture disease in 15 men (50%), with brachytherapy in 7 (24%) ...
Effect of lead on blood regeneration following acute hemorrhage in dogs.

Thirty-six beagle dogs were divided into three hematologically similar groups of six males and six females each. The dogs of one group acted as controls and were fed only the basic diet. The dogs of the other two groups had lead acetate added to their diets, those of one group receiving 100 ppm of lead by weight, those of the other group, 500 ppm for 30 weeks followed by 1000 ppm for 16 weeks. By the end of 46 weeks, both lead-treated groups had accumulated burdens of lead as demonstrated by increases in blood and urine lead concentrations, increased urine δ-aminolevulinic acid excretion, and decreased red cell ALA dehydrase activity. At this time a two-step withdrawal of one-half the estimated blood volume from each dog resulted in a 30 to 40% reduction in hemoglobin concentration, red cell count, and hematocrit ratio. The recoveiy curves of the hemoglobin concentration, red cell count, and hematocrit ratio were not affected by the presence of the lead.
The molecular unit of the microtubules of the mitotic apparatus.

Abstract The microtubules of the mitotic apparatus of dividing sea urchin eggs have been examined after spreading the isolated mitotic apparatus on an air-water interface and staining with uranyl acetate. The tubules are resolved into fibrils (protofilaments), the number of which is estimated to be 13, in confirmation of observations of other authors. These fibrils are further resolved as alignments of globular particles having a diameter of about 33 A. These particles are compared with the molecular fractions obtained by dissolving the isolated mitotic apparatus. In the present work, it is established by electron microscopy that the soluble proteins which were recently characterized by Sakai (1966) do include the components of the microtubules. It is concluded that the particles which make up the microtubules correspond to the 2.5 s monomer of molecular weight about 34,000, which is a unit particle accounting for a large proportion of all the protein in the isolated mitotic apparatus.
Studies on the appetite for carbohydrates in rats and humans.

Abstract Methods are described for examining the ability of rats and human subjects to regulate the quantities of carbohydrate consumed when given a choice among two or more foods of varying composition. The ability does exist in both species, is independent of the sweetness of the test carbohydrate, and may be disturbed in obese or non-obese people alleging to be “carbohydrate cravers”.
Target detection utilizing neural networks and modified high-order correlation method

This paper presents a new method for detection/classification of surface-laid land mines fom infrared imagery. This is a multistage process of preprocessing, feature extraction, neural network detection/classification, and path finding utilizing the modified high order correlation (MHOC) method. The preprocessing consists of remapping the image distribution such that the conspicuity of targets are enhanced and the background noise/clutter is suppressed as much as possible. The target feature extraction is accomplished by evaluating the principal component (PC) of blocks of data from the image. The benfit to this feature extraction is that the PCs are decorrelated. A recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is implemented in training of the PC extraction network that performs the feature extraction. Once the PCs are found, they are then used to train and test a three-layer back-propagation neural network to detect and classify the targets. The MHOC method is then applied to the resultant image to further reduce the false positives in the image. This method forms a sequence of cross-correlations and determines the consistency of correlations for path finding. The MHOC method can also be realized in a neural network structure. The simulation results, some of which are included, clearly show the detected mine paths with only a small number of false positives.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optimizing delivery of breast conservation therapy: a multidisciplinary approach to oncoplastic surgery.

BACKGROUND For patients with small breasts relative to tumor size and for those with tumors in the central or inferior poles, lumpectomy can be aesthetically devastating. The field of oncoplastic surgery has developed to offset the aesthetic pitfalls of breast conservation. Questions remain regarding oncologic safety, potential complications, and patient selection. In this study, we report our institutional, multidisciplinary experience with oncoplastic surgery. METHODS A retrospective review was performed including all patients at our institution undergoing oncoplastic breast surgery between 2003 and September 2009 at an academic medical center. Mean follow-up period was 38 months. All patients were referred by the institutional multidisciplinary breast team. RESULTS Forty-five female patients underwent 46 oncoplastic breast reconstructions. Immediate reconstruction was performed in 21 patients, early (within 9 to 73 days of final tumor resection) in 18, and delayed (following completion of radiation) in 6. Three patients (14%) who underwent immediate oncoplastic reconstruction had positive margins on final pathology and proceeded to completion mastectomy. No local cancer recurrence was seen. Two patients developed distant metastatic disease. Twelve complications occurred in 11 patients; by group, 2 (10%) in immediate, 7 (39%) in delayed-immediate group, and 2 (33%) in delayed. Immediate oncoplastic reconstruction, performed as a single-stage procedure, inversely correlated with complication risk (P = 0.059). No other risk factor correlated with complications. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests this multidisciplinary approach to oncoplastic surgery is safe. Interestingly, women undergoing immediate oncoplastic reconstruction trended toward a lower rate of complications. The benefit of immediate reconstruction must be balanced by risk of positive tumor margin and subsequent necessity for completion mastectomy. This risk-benefit balance may be best delivered by a multidisciplinary team focused on all aspects of breast cancer care.
An Ellipsometry System For High Accuracy Metrology Of Thin Films

A computer-controlled spectroscopic ellipsometer of high accuracy has been designed and constructed. A theta-two-theta goniometer unit and optical rail system allows various ellipsometric methods to be used to measure the parameters A and 4). Three important methods under study for accuracy, precision, and speed of measurement are the conventional null method, the rotating analyzer method, and the principal angle method. All the goniometer angles, including the angle of incidence, can be measured to an accuracy of 0.001 deg. The present light sources are two lasers with fixed wavelengths, 632.8 nm and 441.6 nm, in addition to a monochromator that can be used to scan the wavelength range from 190 to 2600 nm. A unique sample alignment system which utilizes two quadrant detectors has been developed and a simple but very effective nulling scheme is used. This instrument is primarily used for the metrology of semiconductor materials and for the calibration of reference standards for thin film thickness and refractive index.
Neural shaping with joint optimization of controller and plant under restricted dynamics

The prototypical brain-computer interface (BCI) algorithm translates brain activity into changes in the states of a computer program, for typing or cursor movement. Most approaches use neural decoding which learns how the user has encoded their intent in their noisy neural signals. Recent adaptive decoders for cursor movement improved BCI performance by modeling the user as a feedback controller; when this model accounts for adaptive control, the neural decoder is termed co-adaptive. This recent collection of control-inspired neural decoding strategies disregards a major antecedent conceptual realization, whereby the user could be induced to adopt an encoding strategy (control policy) such that the encoder-decoder pair (or equivalently, controller-plant pair) is optimal under a desired cost function. We call this alternate conceptual approach neural shaping, in contradistinction to neural decoding. Previous work illuminated the general form of optimal controller-plant pair under a cost representing information gain. For BCI applications requiring the user to issue discrete-valued commands, the information-gain-optimal pair, based on the posterior matching scheme, can be user-friendly. In this paper, we discuss the application of neural shaping to cursor control with continuous-valued states based on continuous-valued user commands. We examine the problem of jointly optimizing controller and plant under quadratic expected cost and restricted linear plant dynamics. This simplification reduces joint controller-plant selection to a static optimization problem, similar to approaches in structural engineering and other areas. This perspective suggests that recent BCI approaches that alternate between adaptive neural decoders and static neural decoders could be local Pareto-optimal, representing a suboptimal iterative-type solution to the optimal joint controller-plant problem.
Community Organizing for Health Care: An Analysis of the Process

This article examines the community organizing process for better health services for disenfranchised populations that cannot afford medical care in an affluent community. In response, concerned citizens and voluntary organizations have attempted to organize to transform policies and to implement new healthcare services. The author adopts a researcher participant role and examines the organizing process by studying six nonprofit agencies, one public health office, and shadowing the community organizer. The paper concludes that community organizing can be an especially challenging process when strategies are misaligned, stakeholders are dissentaneous, the public is apathetic to needs of low-income people, and solutions are diverse.
Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Resistance: Notes on a critical theory of educational struggle

(2003). Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Resistance: Notes on a critical theory of educational struggle. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 5-16.
Immediate restoration of pulpless teeth

Abstract A technique for the fabrication of immediate composite-resin cores retained by Para-post and/or T.M.S. pin(s) has been described. It affords the following advantages: (1) It is timesaving; (2) it is economical; (3) it provides substance for an immediate tooth preparation where little or no coronal tooth structure remains; (4) it simplifies the making of temporary crowns by providing a retentive tooth preparation; (5) it provides the opportunity for making the impression for the permanent crown at the same time the resin is inserted, if the marginal gingiva is healthy; (6) it assures good marginal adaptation of the core to the adjacent tooth surfaces; (7) the nonparallelism of the post(s) and pin(s) enhances the retention of the core.
FAR-IR SPECTRAL CHANGES ACCOMPANYING PROTON IRRADIATION OF SOLIDS OF ASTROCHEMICAL INTEREST

Abstract Far-infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate crystalline-to-amorphous phase changes in irradiated solids. Radiation-induced changes at T ⪕ 77 K were studied in four solids of astrochemical interest: H2O, CH3OH, H2CO, and CO2. Rates of amorphization were compared for H2O and CH3OH. The behavior of each irradiated sample was observed on subsequent warming. Applications of the data to astronomical problems are given.
Revisiting tax subsidies for cultural institutions

This paper was presented at the symposium dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the publication of Patrons Despite Themselves: Taxpayers and Arts Policy (Feld et al. 1983), held by the Association for Cultural Economics International, Boston, June 2008. Patrons Despite Themselves raised and tried to answer a number of important questions of policy concerning indirect government support for the arts. These questions have continued salience for what we see in our museums and hear in our concert halls. The primary source of federal indirect aid in the U.S. continues to derive from the deduction in the federal income tax for contributions to not-for-profit cultural institutions. On the other hand, there has been a series of recent challenges to the tax-exempt status of charitable institutions.
Increased sensitivity to differentially diagnostic answers using familiar materials: Implications for confirmation bias

Researchers have recently pointed out that neither biased testing nor biased evaluation of hypotheses necessitatesconfirmation bias—defined here as systematic overconfidence in a focal hypothesis— but certain testing/evaluation combinations do. One such combination is (1) a tendency to ask about features that are either very likely or very unlikely under the focal hypothesis (extremity bias) and (2) a tendency to treat confirming and disconfirming answers as more similar in terms of their diagnosticity (or informativeness) than they really are. However, in previous research showing the second tendency, materials that are highly abstract and unfamiliar have been used. Two experiments demonstrated that using familiar materials led participants to distinguish much better between the differential diagnosticity of confirming and disconfirming answers. The conditions under which confirmation bias is a serious concern might be quite limited.
Emission from the species CH3COC(OH)2CH3 in aqueous solutions of biacetyl

Abstract A previously unreported emission at 435 nm from solutions of biacetyl in water, methanol or ethanol has been observed. It results from excitation at the 280 nm absorption peak but not from excitation at the 405 nm absorption maximum; its intensity is proportional to the amount of water/acetonitrile mixtures, and is insensitive to air concentration. Comparison of the position and intensity of this new peak with the fluorescence maxima of simple ketones such as acetone suggest that it is emission from biacetyl hemi-hydrate or hemiketal, known to be the predominant species in aqueous solutions of biacetyl, and shown to be the predominant species in alcoholic solutions.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Novel Organometallic, Rh(III), Bis(acetylacetonate) Complexes

Recently, we reported the first catalytic, intermolecular, anti-Markovnikov, hydroarylation of unactivated olefins by a homogeneous, bis-chelating, O-donor Ir(III) complex, 1 (acac) 2 Ir(R)(L), based on the simplest β-diketonate, acetylacetonate, acac. With the ultimate objective of designing more active catalysts for this potentially useful reaction by structure-function studies, we embarked on developing a rational synthesis of the bis-acac Rh(III) organometallic analogues to the Ir complex. While many tris-acac, late transition metal complexes are known, no rational syntheses of bis-acac, organometallic analogues have been reported. Herein, we report the synthesis and full characterization of the organometallic complex (acac) 2 Rh(Ph)(CH 3 OH), III, and related analogues. These complexes have all been found to be air and water stable.
Behavioral thermoregulation in two species of antarctic fish

The teleost fish Notothenia coriiceps and Chaenocephalus aceratus were guided from a preferred chamber containing 1.5–3.0° C water into an adverse chamber with the water at 3.0–7.5° C. In both species, the time taken to return to the preferred chamber (escape latency) was inversely related to the temperature difference between the two chambers. C. aceratus exhibited more sensitive thermal selection behavior than N. coriiceps. Heating the diencephalon of N. coriiceps decreased escape latencies, while diencephalic cooling led to increased escape latencies.
Building routine planning systems and explaining their behavior

It has become increasingly clear to builders of knowledge-based systems that no single representational formalism or control construct is optimal for encoding the wide variety of types of problem solving that commonly arise and are of practical significance. In this paper we identify a class of problem solving activities which we have labeled routine planning. We consider the constructs necessary to represent the problem solving which appropriately characterizes this class, and describe DSPL, a high-level language designed specifically to encompass the required knowledge structures and control methodology for routine planning. Finally, we consider what type of structure is appropriate to represent an agent's understanding of how the plan itself works.
The brain's susceptibility to amyloid plaques.

Among the most challenging mysteries of Alzheimer's disease is the identification of factors that render the brain particularly susceptible to the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ). Aβ peptides are thought to be toxic and are the central component of neuritic plaques, which are
Shigella infection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica.

The domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica, was investigated as a potential animal model for shigellosis. We examined the effects of pig age, pig breed and antibiotic pretreatment upon Shigella infection. Shigella dysenteriae, and Shigella flexneri (both virulent and avirulent strains) were utilized. Our results indicated that young (4-week-old), conventionally re ared, domestic pigs were routinely, but briefly, colonized (average=3.5+/-2.5 days) following oral or gavage administration ofS. flexneri, as determined by direct rectal cultures. The duration of S. dysenteriae colonization was significantly shorter. Inoculation of younger (2 days) or older (9 weeks) pigs with S. flexneri had no significant effect on infection duration. Similarly, infection of 4-week-old pigs with virulent and avirulent strains of S. flexneri had no effect upon the duration of infection, nor did the use of a swine-passaged S. flexneri isolate. Marked clinical, histopathological (gross and microscopic) and immunoIhistopathological signs of disease were absent in all infections. However, in instances where microscopic histopathological evidence was used to correctly identify infected pigs, tonsillar lesions were the consistently noted criteria. The tonsils are believed to be an important portal of entry for Salmonella choleraesuis, another member of the Enterobacteriaceae and a prevalent pig pathogen. Taken altogether, our results indicate that the domestic pig is unsuitable as a model for shigellosis.
Encouraging and supporting smoking cessation in the workforce

Historically, smoking was ingrained in the workday. Cigarette supplies were kept filled and ashtrays emptied. Camel's ‘Calms your nerves’ campaign from the 1930s featured employees—such as reporters, secretaries, pilots—reaching for a cigarette (figure 1). In that high-pressure age, ‘smokes’ were touted as both sedative and stimulant, a cure for the stress of striving for success. Figure 1 Tobacco industry advertising promoting cigarette use in the work setting. Source : http://tobacco.stanford.edu. In stark contrast to industry marketing, smoking is not good for business. Tobacco use increases unproductive time, absenteeism and healthcare costs.1 ,2 Further, identification of the harms of secondhand smoke (SHS) has changed workplace acceptance of tobacco. Lead, mercury, formaldehyde and arsenic are just a few of more than 5000 hazardous chemicals in SHS,3 and the US Surgeon General’s 2006 Report on Secondhand Smoke concludes that 100% smoke-free workplace policies are the only ‘effective way to eliminate secondhand smoke exposure in the workplace’.4 Domestic airlines enacted the first US industry-wide smoking ban in 1988, followed by hospitals 4 years later. In 1990, the first municipal workplace clean air policy banning smoking was established in Sacramento County, California. Americans’ for Nonsmokers Rights (ANR) reports that as of January 2014, smoking bans in all non-hospitality workplaces cover 65% of the US population enacted in hundreds of communities, 29 states and Washington DC. Globally, the WHO recommends enacting legislation requiring all indoor workplaces be 100% smoke-free to protect the health of all workers. Currently, 54 nations have adopted national indoor workplace smoking bans in non-hospitality workplaces, and comprehensive smoke-free laws doubled from 2008 to 2010, yet still 89% of the world population remains …
Ambient-Temperature Synthesis, Evolution, and Characterization of Cobalt-Aluminum Hydrotalcite-Like Solids

Double hydroxide solids precipitated homogeneously from three laboratory-synthesized aqueous solutions that simulated mildly contaminated surface or groundwater. Over a limited pH range, precipitates formed rapidly from dissolved ions, and more slowly by incorporating ions dissolving from other solids, including highly soluble aluminous solids. The precipitates were characterized by size and shape via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), by composition via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of mother solutions and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) of precipitates, and by structure via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. They were identified as nanocrystalline cobalt hydrotalcite (CoHT) of the form [Co(II) 1-x Al(III) x (OH) 2 ] x( A n x/n ).mH 2 O, with x = 0.17-0.25, A = CO 3 2 , NO 3 , or H 3 SiO 4 , n = anion charge and m undetermined. Complete solid solution may exist at the macroscopic level for the range of stoichiometries reported, but clustering of Co atoms within hydroxide layers indicates a degree of immiscibility at the molecular scale. Composition evolved toward the Co-rich endmember with time for at least one precipitate. The small layer charge in the x = 0.17 precipitate caused anionic interlayers to be incomplete, producing interstratification of hydrotalcite and brucite-like layers. Solubility products estimated from solution measurements for the observed final CoHT stoichiometries suggest that CoHT is less soluble than the inactive forms of Co(OH) 2 and CoCO 3 near neutral pH. Low solubility and rapid formation suggest that CoHT solids may be important sinks for Co in contact with near neutral pH waters. Because hydrotalcite can incorporate a range of transition metals, precipitation of hydrotalcite may be similarly effective for removing other trace metals from natural waters.
Singlehood and Subjective Well-Being among Mature Gay Men: The Impact of Family, Friends, and of Being “Single by Choice”

The physical and mental health benefits of marriage and partnership are well established, for men in particular. By comparison, very little research has examined within-group differences in social support and well-being within the proportionately large population of single gay men. Employing structured interviews, this study employed Rasch analysis to examine family and friendship ties within a convenience sample of middle-aged and older single gay men (N = 94), and investigated relationships among social support, attitudes, and preferences related to singlehood, and subjective well-being (SWB). As anticipated, measures of social support from family, social support from friends, and adaptation to single status were independently associated with SWB. Unexpectedly, social support did not moderate the relationship between adaptation to single status and SWB, suggesting the possibility of a pathway to SWB for single gay men in the absence of substantial social support.