cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing indicators to measure post-disaster community recovery in the United States

Disaster recovery is a key capability of federal, state, and local government. To support this capability effectively practitioners need useful and validated metrics to document how well a community is recovering from a particular disaster. This study developed and categorised recovery indicators according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)'s Recovery Support Functions and Recovery Mission Area Core Capabilities through a literature review, an evaluation of the pre-disaster recovery plans for 87 coastal jurisdictions, and a case study of two communities (New Hanover County, North Carolina, and the City of Hoboken, New Jersey). Metrics identified in the literature were validated through the recovery plan review and the case study. The research team also identified sources for both baseline and current status data. Based on these findings, a user-friendly checklist for practitioners was established, which will be piloted with practice partners during a future disaster recovery initiative.
29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy of β-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4): The enthalpy of Si,Al ordering

By combining data from oxide melt solution calorimetry and 29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy, the enthalpy for short-range Si,Al ordering in β-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) was determined for a series of samples prepared by glass annealing. Si,Al ordered β-eucryptite gives a single 29Si NMR peak for two unresolved crystallographic sites, but two distinct 27Al resonances that differ in both chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling. Samples of β-eucryptite crystallized from glass contain additional 29Si NMR peaks, indicating significant levels of short-range Si,Al disorder. This disorder decreases exponentially with annealing time at 1173 K, from 0.55(±0.04) Al-O-Al linkages per formula unit after one hour to 0.05(±0.01) after 70.5 hours. The decrease in the concentration of Al-O-Al linkages with annealing time correlates linearly with enthalpies of drop-solution in molten lead borate, giving an enthalpy of Δ H ord = −26 ± 3 kJ/mol for the reaction: Al-O-Al + Si-O-Si → 2(Si-O-Al). Additional NMR results are presented for samples synthesized along the SiO2-LiAlSiO4 join (quartz to β-eucryptite). Solid solution samples with compositions 20 and 69 mol% quartz appear to have very few Al-O-Al linkages (<0.04 per formula unit).
A Visualization Method for Multidisciplinary System under Uncertainty

Recent developments in probabilistic multidisciplinary analysis (pMDA) have enabled the designers to make more informed decisions at the conceptual design phase of unconventional aircraft configurations by taking into account the uncertainty associated with technologies that are not completely developed. However, the conventional methods to visualize the trends between the metrics of interest and the design variables are not appropriate to visualize the results as the uncertainty on the outcomes due to inclusion of technologies should not be assumed to be independent. This paper presents a Visualization method for Uncertainty based Multidisciplinary Analysis (VUMA) which is an enhanced version of the typical profiler to visualize the sensitivity of the responses to the design variables. It considers the effect of the dependency between the technology impact factors (k-factors) and the responses, the design variables, and among the k-factors themselves. This novel approach in visual analytics uses a likelihood-based approach (LAMDA) to solve the pMDA. The method is demonstrated on a strut-braced wing aircraft concept and is shown to provide more information to the decision maker than a typical profiler.
Methods of Obtaining Blood of Fowl for Complete Blood Examination

Abstract PRELIMINARY to studies on the effect of diet on blood values of chickens, methods of obtaining blood for a complete series of blood examinations were investigated. Blood studies on birds reported in the literature indicate that blood samples for hemoglobin determinations and enumeration of cellular elements may either be obtained directly from puncture wounds or withdrawn from blood vessels into vessels containing anticoagulants. Cell volume determinations on the blood of birds have been reported in but few papers in the literature and the most effective method of securing blood for this determination has not been established. That cell volume can be determined on blood not treated with anticoagulant has been reported for man and mammals by Daland (1891), Capps (1903), Epstein (1915), Rosahn (1931), Miller (1939), Gram and Norgaard (1923), and Hamre (1940). Cell volume values determined by this method have not been reported for birds. Values for cell volume . . .
Applying lessons from behavioral economics to increase flu vaccination rates

Seasonal influenza imposes an enormous burden on society every year, yet many people refuse to obtain flu shots due to misconceptions of the flu vaccine. We argue that recent research in psychology and behavioral economics may provide the answers to why people hold mistaken beliefs about flu shots, how we can correct these misconceptions, and what policy-makers can do to increase flu vaccination rates.
The Elements of Legitimacy: The State and the United Nations System

The governance/legitimacy puzzle we face today is that sources of authority with the capacity to govern may be losing legitimacy either because of an inability to solve problems or due to a failure to keep pace with changing circumstances. Initial steps have been taken in international institutions like the United Nations to address this by engaging civil society through NGO forums as well as private monitoring and review programs. Transforming the United Nations System: Designs for a Workable World notes many of these developments and argues for their further advancement. However, harnessing the output of these efforts to the governing systems and decision-making structures remains a challenge. A short-term solution may be to foster public-private partnerships where governments give voice to the findings and views of civil society in formal state-based institutions and decision making fora. Unless the international institutions that comprise the UN system can address this puzzle, there will be increasing concern about accountability deficits and performance legitimacy.
d-Leucine-6-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Ethylamide in the Treatment of Normogonadotropic Oligoasthenospermia

The effectiveness of D-leucine-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide (D-Leu-6-LH-RH-EA) in the treatment of idiopathic normogonadotropic oligoasthenospermia was assessed in 17 patients selected on the basis of at least three previous sperm counts; a history of long-standing infertility; normal serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone; and lack of any evidence of other pathologic involvement. On testicular biopsy all patients showed hypospermatogenesis or arrest at the spermatid stage with the exception of two with more severe disorders. D-Leu-6-LH-RH-EA- was administered intramuscularly for 90 days at a daily dose of 5 microgram (four patients), 10 microgram (four patients), 20 microgram (five patients), and 200 microgram (four patients). The results showed no significant improvement in the parameters considered (number of spermatozoa per milliliter, percentage of live and motile spermatozoa, and percentage of forwardly progressive spermatozoa). D-Leu-6-LH-RH-EA does not seem promising for the treatment of oligoasthenospermic patients.
Strategies for High Accuracy Keyword Detection in Noisy Channels

We present design strategies for a keyword spotting (KWS) system that operates in highly degraded channel conditions with very low signal-to-noise ratio levels. We employ a system combination approach by combining the outputs of multiple large vocabulary automatic speech recognition (LVCSR) systems, each of which employs a different system design approach targeting three different levels of information: front-end signal processing features (standard cepstra-based, noise-robust modulation and multi layer perceptron features), statistical acoustic models (gaussian mixtures models (GMM) and subspace GMMs) and keyword search strategies (word-based and phonebased). We also use keyword-aware capabilities in the system at two levels: in the LVCSR language models by assigning higher weights to n-grams with keywords in them and in LVCSR search by using a relaxed pruning threshold for keywords. The LVCSR system outputs are represented as latticebased unigram indices whose scores are fused by a logisticregression based classifier to produce the final system combination output. We present the performance of our system in the phase II evaluations of DARPA’s Robust Automatic Transcription of Speech (RATS) program for both Levantine Arabic and Farsi conversational speech corpora. Index Terms: noise-robust keyword detection, automatic speech recognition, system combination, noise robustness
Instabilities Conducive to Aviation Turbulence

Atmospheric instabilities, including static, Kelvin–Helmholtz (KHI), inertial, conditional, potential (convective), symmetric, conditional symmetric, and potential symmetric instabilities, might trigger aviation-scale turbulence such as the clear-air turbulence (CAT), mountain wave turbulence (MWT), and near-cloud turbulence (NCT) that are reviewed in this chapter. Energy conversion associated with several atmospheric instabilities is reviewed through an equation governing energy transfer in an inviscid, stably stratified shear flow, and the Taylor–Goldstein equation is used to prove a corollary of Howard’s semicircle theorem and the Miles–Howard Theorem. The criteria for static (gravitational) instability, conditional instability, potential instability, inertial instability, symmetric instability, conditional symmetric instability, and potential symmetric instability are discussed and summarized in a table. Their implications for the development of turbulence diagnostics or indices for aviation turbulence forecasting are also discussed.
The Neonate and the New Parents

This chapter discusses the condition and the care of the newborn, and the adjustments of the parents to this new arrival. It also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of breast and bottle-feeding. After the birth of the newborn, it must adapt with the environment. Certain methods and tests of childbirth that attempts to reduce the stress of this environmental shock are done, such as Leboyer method. The newborn's condition is checked by giving it an Apgar score and body measurements are taken. Many young males are circumcised in the first week of life. The newborn has special adaptations that include the secretion of lung surfactant, crying, and closure of the ductus arteriosus and venosus. It has instinctive reflexes that are adaptations for maternal contact, nursing, and walking. The newborn's appearance may be egg shaped with soft fontanels. Its reproductive tract is formed but inactive, except that slight breast enlargement and secretion of fluid may occur. The mother must adjust to the marked physiological and anatomical changes of the postpartum period, and must face the responsibility.
Debunking Morality: Lessons from the EAAN Literature

This article explores evolutionary debunking arguments as they arise in metaethics against moral realism and in philosophy of religion against naturalism. Both literatures have independently grappled with the question of which beliefs one may use to respond to a potential defeater. In this article, I show how the literature on the argument against naturalism can help clarify and bring progress to the literature on moral realism with respect to this question. Of note, it will become clear that the objection that the moral realist begs the question, when appealing to the truth of some of her moral beliefs, is unsuccessful.
Time, Choice, and Consequences in Greek and Shakespearean Tragedy

This chapter focuses on how classical and Shakespearean tragedy engages us in a present “thick” with past and future when it stages a crisis, a moment of present decision in which everything changes. It argues that understanding tragic temporality as multidirectional than merely linear opens up new ways of thinking about how choice operates in present time. The chapter analyzes the relationship of choice in time to character and consequences in a small set of plays: Aeschylus’s Oresteia, Sophocles’s Theban plays, and Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Hamlet, which have served as powerful paradigms for the construction of tragic temporality and crisis. The chapter’s first part concerns the relationship between choice and dramatic character, considering how tragic character can be defined through choice, anticipating the deconstruction of character formation that takes place in videogames. The second part also questions the assumption that the tragic protagonist’s decision is constrained by the power that human beings have called the gods, fate, or destiny. Positing that the present moment of decision may still be radically contingent, this chapter asserts that in Greek and Shakespearean tragedy choice in an enacted crisis can undermine as well as reinforce the kind of determinism that we conventionally associate with those plays.
Scour at Bridge Crossings

Relationships are proposed for prediction of scour at piers and abutments for case in which sediment is supplied to scour hole; relationships were obtained from combination of approximate analysis and laboratory experiments, and depend on knowledge of flow conditions at bridge site; studies were made at Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research.
Impact of White Blood Cell Count Recovery On Clinical Outcomes After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract 4136 Background: Studies have shown that absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) affects clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that the white blood cell (WBC) count at 1 month after HSCT may also predict transplant outcomes. Methods: 1115 adult patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT from 2003 through 2009 at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women9s Hospital were analyzed. The median age was 51 yrs (range 18–74); median follow up time among survivors was 4.3 years (range 1.1–9.2); 596 patients received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and 519 received myeloablative conditioning (MAC). Using the restricted cubic spline estimates on the log relative hazard over WBC at 1 month post HSCT, WBC was categorized as: low (0- 10×109 cells/L). Results: The outcomes are summarized in the table and figure below. One-year OS was 52%, 71%, 48% for low, normal, high WBC at 1 month post HSCT, respectively, (p Conclusion: Out data suggest that WBC at 1 month after allogeneic HSCT predicts transplant outcomes independent of ALC and chimerism. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Amount of Platelet Inhibition Produced When Initiating Aspirin Therapy: Comparison of Two Doses 81 Vs. 325

Abstract 1250 Introduction: Patients with occlusive arterial disease are commonly treated with different daily doses of aspirin usually either 81 or 325mg. This treatment practice continues despite studies showing equal protection from future vascular events with daily aspirin doses that exceed 81mg. We evaluated the hypothesis that the amount of platelet inhibition observed 96 hours after initiating aspirin therapy with 3 daily doses of 81mg would be equivalent to that observed using a dose of 325mg. Methods: The amount of platelet inhibition produced when initiating daily aspirin therapy was evaluated using the slope of the platelet prostaglandin agonist (PPA) stimulated light aggregometry curve at 4 time points: time 0 before the first dose, 2 hours after the first dose, 24 hours after the first dose (just before the second dose) and 96 hours after the first dose (24 hours after the 3 rd dose). After a 7 day wash out period, during which subjects were instructed not to take aspirin or other NSAIDs, the subjects repeated the study using a 325mg aspirin dose. Because of the large variation in reactivity of platelets among people, each normal subject served as their own control and the results were evaluated using a paired “t” test. We plan to have studied a minimum of 12 normal subjects by the time of the ASH meeting. Results: To date 6 normal subjects were studied. 96 hours after initiating aspirin therapy, 24 hours after the 3 rd aspirin dose, there was no difference between the PPA slopes observed for the 81mg=36 and the 325mg=28 (p=.28). Immediate platelet inhibition observed in the 24 hours after initiating aspirin therapy was far greater with the 325mg than the 81mg dose. Two hours after the 81mg dose the PPA slope was 77 compared to the 325mg slope of 12 (p=.000). Similarly, the slopes 24 hours after initiating aspirin were 68 for the 81mg dose and 35 for the 325mg dose (p=.006). The time 0 slopes were also statistically different 81mg=91 and 325=78 (p=.024). Conclusions: 1. Initiation of aspirin therapy with a dose of 325mg dose produces a more immediate inhibition of platelet function with maximal platelet inhibition observed 2 hours after the first dose. 2. Platelet inhibition with an aspirin dose of 81mg occurs more gradually with maximal platelet inhibition observed 24 hours after the 3 rd dose at 96 hours. 3. Whether daily aspirin therapy is initiated with a daily dose of 81mg or 325mg, the amount of platelet inhibition observed 96 hours after starting aspirin therapy, 24 hours after the 3 rd dose, is equivalent. Comment: This data supports the clinical observations that protection from future vascular events is equivalent with either 81 or 325mg daily dosing and suggests that the current practice of increasing the dose of aspirin in patients who experience a subsequent event may not be beneficial. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Re-differentiation of radioiodine-refractory BRAF V600E-mutant thyroid carcinoma with dabrafenib: A pilot study.

6025 Background: Resistance to radioactive iodine is a leading cause of mortality in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The MAPK pathway is a major determinant of iodine uptake into thyroid carcinom...
Cellular cross talk, inflammatory signals, and enhanced microvascular permeability.

Microvascular leakage remains a significant clinical problem for which there is no specific therapeutic available. This Special Topics issue of the journal Microcirculation features reviews pertaining to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the integrity of the microvascular barrier. (Meegan et al., Microcirculation, 2017) summarize recent research findings about how neutrophil extracellular traps and how these can cause injury to the microvascular barrier.( Zhang et al. Microcirculation, 2017) highlight the microvascular response to advanced glycation end-products that are formed as part of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. These ongoing investigations are helping to clarify the mechanisms by which endothelial cells receive information and integrate it to generate cellular responses that fine-tune barrier function. Better understanding of these mechanisms is needed for the rational development of therapeutic strategies to reduce excessive microvascular leakage.
A rare case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM).

ABSTRACTApical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that involves thickening of the distal portion of the left ventricular wall. Most commonly seen in the Japan, with a prevalence rate of about 15% of all HCM patient, its incidence in the USA is approximately 3% of HCM cases. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with history of hypertension who presented to emergency department with worsening dyspnea and orthopnea with features of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diffuse large T-wave inversions in the lateral leads on a 12-lead ECG. Further work up revealed severe concentric LVH, with near obliteration of the LV cavity. Ventriculogram showed severe symmetric hypertrophy of the mid to lower septum, extending to the apex of left ventricle with significant pressure gradient of at least 160 mmHg across the apex to mid septal cavity, with no significant gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract. These findings were consistent with apical hypertrophic cardi...
Delivery of viral vectors for gene therapy in intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in atherosclerotic swine

Cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis are a major financial and health burden globally. Inflammation associated with atherosclerosis results in the development of plaques that can rupture causing thrombosis, stroke, or death. The most widely used treatment for the removal of atherosclerotic plaques is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with or without stenting. Although this is a safer and minimally invasive method, restenosis and intimal hyperplasia after interventional procedure remains a major hurdle and more refined approaches are needed. Studies in large animal models such as pigs have facilitated a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease and provided novel targets for therapeutic intervention. In pre-clinical studies, viral vector gene therapy has emerged as a promising option for the reduction and/or prevention of restenosis and intimal hyperplasia. Although studies in animal models have generated promising results, clinical trials have yet to prove the clinical efficacy of gene therapy in coronary artery diseases. In this review, we examined and critically reviewed the most recent advances in viral vector gene therapy obtained from studies using porcine model of atherosclerosis.
A Ratchet Lens: Black Queer Youth, Agency, Hip Hop, and the Black Ratchet Imagination:

This article explores the utilization of the theory of a Black ratchet imagination as a methodological perspective to examine the multiple intersections of Black and queer identity constructions within the space of hip hop. In particular, I argue for the need of a methodological lens that recognizes, appreciates, and struggles with the fluidity, imagination, precarity, agency, and knowledge production of Black queer youth who create and consume hip hop. As an example, I apply a Black ratchet imagination methodological perspective to an examination of New Orleans’s bounce culture. I conclude the article by underscoring the need for humanizing, hyper-local, and messy theoretical frameworks that provide further context for research investigating Black queer youth whose identities are informed by the culture of hip hop.
Self Trapping of Light Particles in Fluids: The Path Integral Approach

This paper concerns the status of some current theoretical models which are useful for representing the behavior of an excess light particle (elp) which has equilibrated in a simple fluid. For our purposes, fluid has the traditional meaning of a homogeneous substance above the liquid-vapor critical temperature, and the elp is typically an electron, positron, or positronium atom. Over a wide range of temperature, these low mass particles have a large mean thermal (or deBroglie) wavelength, and are thus able to simultaneously interact with numerous atoms in the host fluid. This opens the door for local collective behavior of the elp-fluid system on mesoscopic length scales.
Pictorial Review of Digital Radiography Artifacts.

This article provides examples of image artifacts found with flat-panel detector–based digital radiography systems, along with an explanation for their appearance, to help radiologists identify, resolve, or prevent their occurrence.
Action selection via learning behavior patterns in multi-robot domains

The RoboCup robot soccer Small Size League has been running since 1997 with many teams successfully competing and very effectively playing the games. Teams of five robots, with a combined autonomous centralized perception and control, and distributed actuation, move at high speeds in the field space, actuating a golf ball by passing and shooting it to aim at scoring goals. Most teams run their own pre-defined team strategies, unknown to the other teams, with flexible game-state dependent assignment of robot roles and positioning. However, in this fast-paced noisy real robot league, recognizing the opponent team strategies and accordingly adapting one's own play has proven to be a considerable challenge. In this work, we analyze logged data of real games gathered by the CMDragons team, and contribute several results in learning and responding to opponent strategies. We define episodes as segments of interest in the logged data, and introduce a representation that captures the spatial and temporal data of the multi-robot system as instances of geometrical trajectory curves. We then learn a model of the team strategies through a variant of agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Using the learned cluster model, we are able to classify a team behavior incrementally as it occurs. Finally, we define an algorithm that autonomously generates counter tactics, in a simulation based on the real logs, showing that it can recognize and respond to opponent strategies.
Surgical and Bioengineering Advances in the Treatment of Life Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias

The marriage of bioengineering, electrophysiology and surgery has created gratifying progress in the therapeutic control of cardiac electrical activation. In April of 1930, Albert Hyman received a grant to develop an artificial pacemaker. Two years later he successfully paced a human heart with a needle electrode for eight minutes.1 Two decades later, Seymour Furman successfully established chronic ventricular pacing via transthoracic leads and a semiambulatory power source (Figure 1).
Stereoselective Recognition in Phospholipid Monolayers

During the past ten years we have investigated the stereochemistry of intermolecular interactions in monolayers at the air-water interface,1–3 a field which has never been developed explicitly before to our knowledge. Although we demonstrated clear enantiomeric and diastereomeric interactions for a number of chiral surfactants, we found no evidence whatsoever for stereoselective interaction in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers or vesicles by standard monolayer techniques, differential scanning calorimetry or ultra-highfield NMR.4 The present article extends these observations to dimyristoyl- and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. Results from dynamic surface tension studies are also reported. In no case could chiral recognition be demonstrated using the 95% confidence limit as the criterion.
Modeling a Categorical Response

We have seen how categorical variables are useful as explanatory variables in a regression model. This class considers a modeling technique which is needed when the response itself is a categorical variable. Though more general methods exist, we will consider only cases in which the response is dichotomous, and use a method called logistic regression.
Separation of Powers Before and After the Seventeenth Amendment

To properly appraise contemporary constitutional allocations of power it is necessary to consider the origins, etiology, and content of the separation of powers doctrine. Upon this basis it becomes apparent that by undermining federalism in the Senate, the Seventeenth Amendment weakened bicameralism in Congress, which in turn eroded separation of powers between Congress and the Executive. After the Seventeenth Amendment, the United States Congress is unencumbered by a critical structural check originally designed to protect political liberty by preventing corrupt, arbitrary, and excess use of federal legislative power. This Article finds the origins of separation of powers doctrines in ancient Jewish, Roman and Greek texts; highlights the refinements to separation of powers doctrine in the writings of Montesquieu, Locke and The Federalist Papers; and distills this Western political heritage into conceptual underpinnings of separation of powers doctrine. Lastly, it provides a structural analysis of the Seventeenth Amendments’ effects on constitutional power structures; critiques three alternative proposals to solve the problem of arbitrary and excessive federal lawmaking: (1) Randy Barnett’s repeal amendment proposal, (2) Sanford Levinson’s popular referendum proposal, and (3) judicial review; and considers the feasibility of relevant constitutional change. As the “last man standing,” repealing the Seventeenth Amendment is necessary to repair the Constitution’s structural integrity.Please obtain author's permission to cite.
NEURAL AND ENDOCRINE SUBSTRATES OF AGGRESSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neural and endocrine bases of aggression within the framework of a model which may help to integrate many diverse research findings. Aggression is not a unitary construct. There are a number of different kinds of aggressive behavior. It is possible to deal with the mechanisms or the kinds of mechanisms that are common to some, if not most, of the different kinds of aggressive behavior. The basic premise of this model is that there are neural systems in the brains of animals and humans that when fired in the presence of a relevant target, result in aggressive or destructive behavior toward that target. In the case of humans, the actual aggressive behavior may be controlled, but the individual will have the appropriate feelings of anger or hostility. It is important not to generalize too quickly from one species to another. One must be particularly cautious in generalizing from animals to man.
Claustrum circuit components for top–down input processing and cortical broadcast

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) input to the claustrum is required for top-down cognitive control of action. By virtue of its widespread cortical connectivity, the claustrum is anatomically situated to process and broadcast top-down signals from ACC to downstream cortices. To gain a deeper understanding of claustrum processing mechanisms, it is first critical to identify the projection neuron subtypes within claustrum, the intrinsic and extrinsic components regulating their firing, and the differential innervation of cortex by projection neuron subtypes. To this end, we used whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in adult mouse brain slices to distinguish two spiny projection neuron subtypes in claustrum, referred to as type I and II neurons, and three aspiny interneuron subtypes, referred to as type III, IV, and V neurons. In response to optogenetic ACC afferent stimulation, type II neurons preferentially burst fire relative to type I neurons. This burst firing is calcium-dependent and is optimized by voltage-gated potassium channels. Finally, we find that visual cortices, parietal association cortex, and ACC receive input from type I and II neurons in differing proportions. These data reveal the diversity of claustrum neurons and mechanisms by which claustrum processes ACC command for spatiotemporal coordination of the cerebral cortex.
African Americans and Caribbean Blacks: Perceived neighborhood disadvantage and depression.

The purpose of this study was to advance a theoretical understanding of the effects of impoverished neighborhoods on mental health and to inform policy measures encouraging residents to leave such neighborhoods. To do this, we investigated whether individuals' perceived neighborhood disadvantage served as a risk factor for clinical depression in a nationally representative sample of African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. We performed logistic regression analysis on stratified socioeconomic status (SES) subsamples from the National Survey of American Life sample of 5,019 African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. The association between perceived neighborhood social disorder and past-year depression was statistically significant for low-SES individuals (at or below the federal poverty line; odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.81], p = 0.026) and at the boundary of significance for middle-SES individuals (between 100% and 300% of the poverty line; OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.00, 3.02], p = 0.052), but not for high-SES individuals (at or above 300% of the poverty line). Results suggest, at least for low- and middle-income African Americans, perceived neighborhood social disorder is a risk factor for depression. U.S. housing policies aimed at neighborhood improvement and poverty de-concentration may benefit the mental health of low-income African Americans and Caribbean Blacks.
A heuristics-based method for obtaining road surface type information from mobile lidar for use in network-level infrastructure management

Abstract Road surface type is a key input to most asset management and maintenance management models and analyses, such as deterioration prediction models, life cycle cost analysis, and need estimates. However, surface type changes in space and time due to the use of varying pavement types and the application of different surface treatments. In recent years, the transportation and municipal industry has begun to use mobile lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) systems to collect roadway condition and inventory data, including surface type. This paper provides a heuristics-based method for detecting road surface type based on statistical analysis of laser reflected signal intensity. The studied surfaces are open graded asphalt, dense graded asphalt, seal coated asphalt, concrete, and roadside vegetation. This method will improve the availability and quality of surface type data, especially for large roadway networks, by automating the process of obtaining this information from mobile lidar measurements.
Transient solution for the directional response at the focus of a paraboloidal reflector

A transient solution is presented for the directional response at the focus of a paraboloidal reflector due to an incident plane wave. The validity of the solution is associated with the Kirchhoff approximation used to determine the boundary condition on the surface of the reflector. This approximation requires the wavelengths to be short compared with the minimum radius of curvature, and the radius of the aperture, of the reflector. The solution in the far field due to a point source at the focus is related by reciprocity to the solution at the focus due to an incident plane wave. Both solutions are expressed as the convolution of a function obtained for the unit step response with the time derivative of the waveform incident on the reflector. For a point source far removed from a shallow paraboloidal reflector, it is shown that the pressure in the far field reduces to the expression obtained by Morse (Vibration and Sound) for transient radiation from a baffled circular piston. Results are presented illustrating the angular dependence of the reflected pressure waveforms at the focus for incident plane waves that include an N wave and a tone burst.A transient solution is presented for the directional response at the focus of a paraboloidal reflector due to an incident plane wave. The validity of the solution is associated with the Kirchhoff approximation used to determine the boundary condition on the surface of the reflector. This approximation requires the wavelengths to be short compared with the minimum radius of curvature, and the radius of the aperture, of the reflector. The solution in the far field due to a point source at the focus is related by reciprocity to the solution at the focus due to an incident plane wave. Both solutions are expressed as the convolution of a function obtained for the unit step response with the time derivative of the waveform incident on the reflector. For a point source far removed from a shallow paraboloidal reflector, it is shown that the pressure in the far field reduces to the expression obtained by Morse (Vibration and Sound) for transient radiation from a baffled circular piston. Results are presented illu...
Implementation of Telemental Health (TMH) psychological services for rural veterans at the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System.

Meeting the mental health needs of our current veteran population is one of the primary challenges facing the Veteran's Health Administration (VHA). Particularly for veterans residing in rural areas, the lack of providers, high provider turnover, and the burden of traveling long distances to VHA facilities may contribute to difficulties accessing mental health care. Telemental Health (TMH) services help bridge the geographic gap between mental health providers and veterans who need mental health services. The VHA TMH Hub initiative has attempted to leverage changes in technology-facilitated care by developing a model in which a facility "hub" could expand mental health resources to remote "spoke" clinics and veterans' residences. This paper describes the implementation of the VA New York Harbor Health care System (VA NYH) TMH Hub, which was one of 6 programs funded by the VHA Office of Rural Health (ORH) in September 2016. We will describe the structure of the program, services provided, veterans served, and our efforts to integrate quality improvement, research, and clinical training into the operations of the program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Short-Term Time Trends in Prescribing Therapy for Hypothyroidism: Results of a Survey of American Thyroid Association Members

Objective Hypothyroid patients frequently request specific therapies from their physicians. Combination therapy is vigorously discussed at professional meetings. We wished to determine if physician prescribing patterns for hypothyroidism changed during 2017 after specific educational events. Methods A survey addressing treatment of hypothyroidism was emailed to American Thyroid Association (ATA) members on three occasions in 2017. The Spring emails were sent prior to a satellite symposium addressing hypothyroidism, and prior to the annual Endocrine Society and ATA meetings; the December emails were sent after these events. Physicians were presented with thirteen theoretical patients and chose from 6 therapeutic options, including levothyroxine, synthetic combination therapy, thyroid extract, and liothyronine monotherapy. The patient scenarios successively incorporated factors potentially providing reasons for considering combination therapy. Multivariate repeated measures logistic regression analyses first examined effects of physician characteristics on prescribing the various therapies. Then, analyses also incorporated timing, by comparing prescribing patterns in February, March, and December. Results In analyses of prescribing levothyroxine monotherapy versus any T3 therapy, there was a non-significant trend (p value 0.053) for T3 therapy to be prescribed more in December compared with February-March combined. When multivariate analyses were performed controlling for time and physician characteristics, choice of therapy was only significantly affected by country of practice (OR 1.7 , CI 1.3- 2.2). Physician choice of therapies was also examined for the options of continuing 1) levothyroxine, versus 2) increasing levothyroxine, 3) adding liothyronine either with or without levothyroxine reduction, or 4) replacing levothyroxine with desiccated thyroid extract or liothyronine. When multivariate analyses incorporating time and physician characteristics were performed, respondents in December (OR 1.5, CI 1.0-2.3) and those practicing in North America (OR 1.8, CI 1.2-2.6) were more likely to prescribe liothyronine. Conclusions This survey shows that although current North American guidelines do not recommend combination therapy, such therapy is being prescribed more over time and is also more commonly prescribed in North America. It is possible our guidelines are failing to incorporate evidence that physicians are considering when prescribing combination therapy. Such evidence could include data about patient preferences, and this needs to be a focus of future studies.
Exploration & Exploitation through Subsidiary Mandates: An Institutional Distance Perspective

MNCs constantly search for ways to enhance their knowledge base given that access to superior knowledge can enable them to maintain a competitive advantage in the global marketplace. MNCs have a un...
The novel tumor suppressor HINT1 plays a role in DNA repair

4325 Our previous studies demonstrated that HINT1 is a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of its tumor suppressor function remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HINT1 participates in the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage. Upon exposure to IR, HINT1 forms distinct foci which spatially associate with gamma-H2AX and ATM in the interphase nuclei. HINT1 deficiency also results in the impaired acetylation of both gamma-H2AX and ATM. In response to IR, HINT1 deficient cells exhibit attenuated activation of ATM and its downstream effectors, and resistance to IR-induced apoptosis. Although HINT1 deficiency does not affect IR-induced gamma-H2AX foci formation, it abolishes the ability of 53BP1 to form foci at the sites of DNA double strand breaks. HINT1 deficient cells also display retarded DNA repair of spontaneous and IR-induced DNA strand breaks, compared with the HINT1 competent cells. Consistent with the DNA repair deficiency, cells derived from Hint1 -/- mice display significantly increased frequencies of spontaneous chromosomal anomalies, such as breaks (chromosome and chromatid types), fragments (centric and acentric), and exchange type aberrations. These results suggest that HINT1 deficiency causes a marked increase in spontaneous chromosomal abnormalities, presumably due to impaired DNA repair responses. Taken together, our findings suggest that HINT1 protects the genomic integrity against tumorigenesis through effective regulation of cellular DNA repair processes.
Influence of climate change and postdelisting management on long‐term population viability of the conservation‐reliant Kirtland's Warbler

Rapid global climate change is resulting in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and interactions. Identifying management strategies that maximize probability of long‐term persistence requires an understanding of the vulnerability of species to environmental changes. We sought to quantify the vulnerability of Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), a rare Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds almost exclusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and winters in the Bahamian Archipelago, to projected environmental changes on the breeding and wintering grounds. We developed a population‐level simulation model that incorporates the influence of annual environmental conditions on the breeding and wintering grounds, and parameterized the model using empirical relationships. We simulated independent and additive effects of reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity and quality, and wintering grounds habitat quality, on population viability. Our results indicated the Kirtland's Warbler population is stable under current environmental and management conditions. Reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity resulted in reductions of the stable population size, but did not cause extinction under the scenarios we examined. In contrast, projected large reductions in wintering grounds precipitation caused the population to decline, with risk of extinction magnified when breeding habitat quantity or quality also decreased. Our study indicates that probability of long‐term persistence for Kirtland's Warbler will depend on climate change impacts to wintering grounds habitat quality and contributes to the growing literature documenting the importance of considering the full annual cycle for understanding population dynamics of migratory species.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA PESQUISA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA REFLEXIVA

Atualmente muito se fala em preparar o aluno para o mundo moderno e, para que isso ocorra, faz-se necessario analisar a influencia que a pesquisa tem na vida do docente. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram os alunos do curso de Pos-graduacao Latu Sensu em Informatica na Educacao do Instituto Federal do Espirito Santo. A pesquisa pautou-se numa abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratoria e descritiva, e teve como procedimento tecnico o levantamento de dados, por meio de aplicacao de um questionario com o proposito de verificar o quanto a elaboracao do Trabalho de Conclusao de Curso influenciou na pratica docente por meio do desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Dessa forma, este trabalho colaborou na compreensao do quanto a pesquisa docente para a pratica reflexiva e importante para um professor, revelando os obstaculos encontrados como falta de tempo, materiais e infraestrutura em geral para a execucao da mesma.
CONTROL OF SYSTEMS ON SPATIAL DOMAINS WITH MOVING BOUNDARIES: 3D PRINTING AND TRAFFIC

Until roughly the year 2000, control algorithms (of the kind that can be physically implemented and provided guarantees of stability and performance) were mostly available only for systems modeled by ordinary differential equations. In other words, while controllers were available for finite-dimensional systems, such as robotic manipulators of vehicles, they were not available for systems like fluid flows. With the emergence of the “backstepping” approach, it became possible to design control laws for systems modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs), i.e., for infinite dimensional systems, and with inputs at the boundaries of spatial domains. But, until recently, such backstepping controllers for PDEs were available only for systems evolving on fixed spatial PDE domains, not for systems whose boundaries are also dynamical and move, such as in systems undergoing transition of phase of matter (like the solid-liquid transition, i.e., melting or crystallization). In this invited article we review new control designs for moving-boundary PDEs of both parabolic and hyperbolic types and illustrate them by applications, respectively, in additive manufacturing (3D printing) and freeway traffic.
Editorial: Parental Depression Does Not Impede Benefits From Behavioral Parent Training

Behavioral parent training (BPT) programs are considered the gold standard for intervening in early-onset conduct disorders.1 Our understanding of the disorder etiology has evolved from a focus on the coercive parent-child interaction to include more complex considerations, including gene-environment interactions.2 Refining our understanding of prevention and early intervention for these common and costly disorders is an important public health priority, because an estimated 3% of children and their families are affected, compromising adolescent and adult outcomes.2 As detailed in a recent review, the five most well-established BPTs, including the Incredible Years Series, contain common elements (use of didactics; modeling; role playing; and homework practice) and theoretical underpinnings (eg, social learning; attachment).3 Furthermore, they share the common bond of academic mentorship in the 1960s and 1970s. These BPT programs are referred to as "Hanf-Model BPT programs" in recognition of developers' influential faculty teacher, Dr. Constance Hanf, from the University of Oregon, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center.3.
Spik in Glyph

AbstractThis paper examines the nature of contemporary bilingual Chicano poetry from the 1970s to the present, particularly in terms of the poetic use of bilingual wordplay and the questions it raises about the uses and possibilities of translation. Using Walter Benjamin’s essay ‘The Task of the Translator’ as a touchstone, and positing a metaphorical link between translation and transfer, the paper looks at bilingual wordplay as a kind of bridging-over or translation of one language into the other, crossing and breaking down borders and hierarchies between the two languages. To illustrate this, cultural practices and uses of bilingualism are examined from both a sociolinguistic and a poetic point of view, with examples of how puns, (mis)pronunciations, slang, loanwords, and mixtures of Spanish and English are used in bilingual poetry for formal and polemical effect.