cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical methods for constructing suffix trees

Sequence datasets are ubiquitous in modern life-science applications, and querying sequences is a common and critical operation in many of these applications. The suffix tree is a versatile data structure that can be used to evaluate a wide variety of queries on sequence datasets, including evaluating exact and approximate string matches, and finding repeat patterns. However, methods for constructing suffix trees are often very time-consuming, especially for suffix trees that are large and do not fit in the available main memory. Even when the suffix tree fits in memory, it turns out that the processor cache behavior of theoretically optimal suffix tree construction methods is poor, resulting in poor performance. Currently, there are a large number of algorithms for constructing suffix trees, but the practical tradeoffs in using these algorithms for different scenarios are not well characterized.In this paper, we explore suffix tree construction algorithms over a wide spectrum of data sources and sizes. First, we show that on modern processors, a cache-efficient algorithm with O(n2) worst-case complexity outperforms popular linear time algorithms like Ukkonen and McCreight, even for in-memory construction. For larger datasets, the disk I/O requirement quickly becomes the bottleneck in each algorithm's performance. To address this problem, we describe two approaches. First, we present a buffer management strategy for the O(n2) algorithm. The resulting new algorithm, which we call “Top Down Disk-based” (TDD), scales to sizes much larger than have been previously described in literature. This approach far outperforms the best known disk-based construction methods. Second, we present a new disk-based suffix tree construction algorithm that is based on a sort-merge paradigm, and show that for constructing very large suffix trees with very little resources, this algorithm is more efficient than TDD.
Two-element free-electron lasers.

The interaction between the electrons and the radiation in a free-electron laser leads to a shift and a spread of the electron velocity distribution. The electron dynamics of a two-element system are studied in the small signal region. It is found that the efficiency and gain can be increased through introduction of an adjustable drift distance between two identical wigglers.
Perfect following in the diabatic limit

We present the theory of optical excitation of a two-level quantum system, using an interaction Hamiltonian that permits both adiabatic following and diabatic following.
FORMATION OF N-NITROSAMINES IN LOW MOISTURE SYSTEMS

Experiments have shown that N-nitrosamines can be formed when sodium nitrite and dialkylamines are heated in low-moisture model systems. Parameters which may influence the reaction were investigated. Results revealed that maximum N-nitrosamine formation depended on temperature and time of heating, sodium nitrite-amine ratio and pH of the system.
Local food environments are associated with girls’ energy, sugar-sweetened beverage and snack-food intakes

The number of meals and snacks including beverages consumed by children and adolescents has increased over the past few decades(1,2) from approximately three per day in 1977 to five per day in 2006(1). During this time, children’s (ages 2–18 years) daily energy intake has increased by ~770 kJ (184 kcal), which may be partially attributed to greater consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and energy-dense foods(3). The local food environment, areas surrounding children’s homes and schools, may play an important role in shaping children’s dietary behaviours by providing easy access to energy-dense food items and beverages. In a recent study of children’s (grades 4–6) purchasing behaviours at urban corner stores, it was reported that, on average, children spent $US 1·07 on approximately two items that contained 1494 kJ (357 kcal). The most frequently purchased items were those with low nutritional value, such as chips, candy and SSB(4). Previous research has examined the influence of the local food environment on children’s dietary intakes and behaviours, especially within schools(5); a smaller number of studies have focused on the influence of local food environments. Close proximity of homes and/or schools to convenience stores and other food outlets, as assessed by objective geographic measurements, is associated with SSB intake(6–8), low scores on a modified Healthy Eating Index(9) and greater likelihood of eating/snacking outside the home(8). However, null associations of these measures and intakes of fruits and vegetables, high-sugar foods and fast foods are also reported(6,10). Results from studies using subjective measures are also mixed. Reported use of fast-food restaurants(11) and shorter perceived walking time from home to food retail outlets(7) are positively associated with SSB purchases, but there is no association for walking time and purchases of convenience store foods or fast foods(7). There is a continued need to understand the role of the local food environment in shaping dietary intakes, especially in young children. We used data collected from a multi-site (New York, Cincinnati and the San Francisco Bay area) observational cohort study of girls of elementary-school age to describe the availability and frequency of use of local snack-food outlets (convenience stores, fast-food outlets and food stands) en route from home to school. We also determined whether reported use of these outlets was associated with daily intakes of energy, SSB and snack foods/sweets. The study provides unique information regarding the potential influence of the local food environment on the dietary intakes of young children living across the USA.
Combining stochastic models with experiments to understand the dynamics of monarch butterfly colonization.

Abstract: Stochastic models are of increasing importance in ecology but are usually only applied to observational data. Here we use a stochastic population model to combine experimental and observational data to understand the colonization of old fields by monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus. We experimentally tested for density dependence in oviposition rates when predators were excluded, and we measured predation rates under natural conditions. Significance tests on the resulting data showed that both oviposition and predation were density dependent but could not show how oviposition and mortality combine to determine egg densities in nature. We therefore used our data to calculate the Akaike Information Criterion to choose between a nested suite of stochastic models that differed in their oviposition and mortality terms. When we simply fit the models to the observational data, the best model assumed density independence in both oviposition and predation. When we instead first estimated the oviposition...
Anticoagulation Drug Therapy: A Review

Historically, most patients who required parenteral anticoagulation received heparin, whereas those patients requiring oral anticoagulation received warfarin. Due to the narrow therapeutic index and need for frequent laboratory monitoring associated with warfarin, there has been a desire to develop newer, more effective anticoagulants. Consequently, in recent years many novel anticoagulants have been developed. The emergency physician may institute anticoagulation therapy in the short term (e.g. heparin) for a patient being admitted, or may start a novel anticoagulation for a patient being discharged. Similarly, a patient on a novel anticoagulant may present to the emergency department due to a hemorrhagic complication. Consequently, the emergency physician should be familiar with the newer and older anticoagulants. This review emphasizes the indication, mechanism of action, adverse effects, and potential reversal strategies for various anticoagulants that the emergency physician will likely encounter.
Linking the Popularity of Online Trading with Consumers' Concerns for Reputation and Identity Theft

Although online trading has its benefits, such as convenience and the ability to compare prices online, there are still many concerns about the integrity of the buyer, the seller and/or the online action service provider OASP. This paper investigates these relationships via multivariate statistical analysis of a stratified sample of working professionals, resulting in 198 useable questionnaires from an initial sampling frame of over 550 professional personnel from five relatively large Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, firms. The author found that buyers that felt feedback systems were viable were more willing to engage in online trading activities and pay a premium price for merchandise being sold by a seller with a better reputation, regardless of gender. Customers were especially concerned with the total price, including shipping cost, regardless of gender. In terms of the convenience of payment method, electronic forms were preferred in transacting online trading activities, regardless of age and gender.
Formation and Ultrastructure of the Peritrophic Membrane in Larval Midge Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Abstract The ultrastructural features of the cardia from fourth instar larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans are consistent with it being the source of the peritrophic membrane. The group of anterior epithelial cells display short basal membrane infoldings, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, mitochondria, free ribosomes, vesicles and electron-dense secretory granules. The secretory material is secreted into the narrow luminal cleft between the evenly spaced microvilli and the apposing non-secretory esophageal valve. The valve and apices of secretory cells act as a press to mold the secretory product into the definitive peritrophic membrane. The single 255–488 nm thick uniform peritrophic membrane is devoid of holes and is composed of three layers in the posterior cardia, two layers in the rectum but only one 110 nm thick discernable layer in the midgut. Since the inner loosely arranged third layer is absent in the midgut and the rectum, it is postulated that it is incorporated into th...
Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly.

Five studies investigated the cognitive and emotional processes by which self-compassionate people deal with unpleasant life events. In the various studies, participants reported on negative events in their daily lives, responded to hypothetical scenarios, reacted to interpersonal feedback, rated their or others’ videotaped performances in an awkward situation, and reflected on negative personal experiences. Results from Study 1 showed that self-compassion predicted emotional and cognitive reactions to negative events in everyday life, and Study 2 found that self-compassion buffered people against negative self-feelings when imagining distressing social events. In Study 3, self-compassion moderated negative emotions after receiving ambivalent feedback, particularly for participants who were low in self-esteem. Study 4 found that low-self-compassionate people undervalued their videotaped performances relative to observers. Study 5 experimentally induced a self-compassionate perspective and found that selfcompassion leads people to acknowledge their role in negative events without feeling overwhelmed with negative emotions. In general, these studies suggest that self-compassion attenuates people’s reactions to negative events in ways that are distinct from and, in some cases, more beneficial than self-esteem.
Applying cognitive theory to statistics instruction

Abstract This article presents five principles of learning, derived from cognitive theory and supported by empirical results in cognitive psychology. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, each of these principles is transformed into a practical guideline and exemplified in a real teaching context. It is argued that this approach of putting cognitive theory into practice can offer several benefits to statistics education: A means for explaining and understanding why reform efforts work; a set of guidelines that can help instructors make well-informed design decisions when implementing these reforms; and a framework for generating new and effective instructional innovations.
EFFECTS OF A BLACKLIGHT VISUAL FIELD ON EYE-CONTACT TRAINING OF SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN

This study investigated the effects of a blacklight visual field on eye-contact training with visually impaired, spastic cerebral palsied children. Four subjects, aged 6 and 7 yr., identified as visually impaired in reference to the Callier-Azusa Scale, were given training in making eye contact with a stimulus object under both white and a blacklight visual field. A counter-balanced design was used so that two of the subjects began training under white light and two began with a blacklight visual field. An analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated a significant main effect for the lighting condition. All subjects performed better under the blacklight condition, even overcoming the expected practice effect when white light training followed blacklight training.
Apparent nutrient digestibility of two raw diets in domestic kittens.

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate overall dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy digestibility of a feline commercial raw diet and a homemade raw diet compared with a canned, heat-processed diet.MethodsSix domestic shorthair kittens (20–28 weeks old) were fed three different diets in a Latin square crossover design. Diet A was a commercially available, canned, heat-processed diet. Diet B was a complete commercial, prefrozen, raw diet (commercial raw), and diet C was a raw diet supplement mixed with ground raw meat obtained locally (homemade raw). Both diets A and B were formulated to meet nutritional profile levels for cats at all life stages. Kittens were given specific diet amounts to maintain a 2–4% weight increase per week. Food was measured before and after feedings to determine the amount eaten, and all feces were collected, weighed and frozen prior to submission. Composite food samples and all feces were submitted to a national laboratory for proximate an...
Perspectives on a Multidisciplinary Team Approach to Implementation of Planned Emergent Use Research

In this paper we present the viewpoints of three members of a research team, on the approach to teamwork in the development of an emergent use clinical trial when dealing with diversity of opinions, in order to facilitate stakeholder buy-in. We also discuss a specific approach to the coordination of the team members, which in our opinion had a positive impact on the implementation of the project. We also comment on the influence of the team organization in the timeline and completion of a clinical trial. We hope to start a conversation on team dynamics in the design of clinical trials, especially in the context of emergent use research.
Computing Substrate Selectivity in a Peptide Transporter

The human proton-coupled peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) is responsible for the absorption of di- and tri-peptides from the diet and peptide-like drugs. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Samsudin et al. (2016) use an integrated computational and experimental approach to provide new insights into understanding substrate selectivity of PepTSt, a prokaryotic homolog of the human PepT1.
Therapeutic camping: An alternative strategy for troubled children

As a clinical intervention for troubled children, Therapeutic Camping has had a long and rich history in the United States. By the 1930's, a strong impetus to develop new models for summer camping programs combined with the growth of the new helping professionals to create the mental hygiene approach to Therapeutic Camping. This article traces the development of Therapeutic Camping efforts, provides comprehensive listings of benefits reported from various Therapeutic Camping programs over the years, and offers a more current analyses of major clinical advantages to Therapeutic Camping programs.
Alcohol Consumption and Vehicle Preference in Young Sinclair (S-1) Miniature Swine Fed Two Levels of Dietary Protein:

SummaryThe quantity of alcohol consumed by young miniature swine was determined as a function of dietary protein and caloric intake. Pigs were fed 16% or 8% protein diets at two levels, the upper level being twice the lower level. Animals eating the 16% protein diet consumed more alcohol than those animals fed the 8% protein diet. Animals fed the lower food levels obtained a greater percentage of calories from alcohol than animals fed the upper food levels. Pigs fed the 16% protein diet at the lower level obtained 40% of total calories as ethanol. Orange juice was preferred by pigs as a carrier of ethanol over cola or water.
A Comparison of Performance Criteria for Initiating Adaptive Task Reallocation

This study examined performance assessment methods used to initiate mode transfers between manual control and automation for adaptive task reallocation. Participants monitored two secondary display...
Metathesis depolymerization for removable surfactant templates

Current methodologies for the production of meso- and nanoporous materials include the use of a surfactant to produce a self-assembled template around which the material is formed. However, post-production surfactant removal often requires centrifugation, calcination, and/or solvent washing which can damage the initially formed material architecture(s). Surfactants that can be disassembled into easily removable fragments following material preparation would minimize processing damage to the material structure, facilitating formation of templated hybrid architectures. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel cationic and anionic surfactants with regularly spaced unsaturation in their hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails and the first application of ring closing metathesis depolymerization to surfactant degradation resulting in the mild, facile decomposition of these new compounds to produce relatively volatile nonsurface active remnants.
Effect of multiple-dose potassium cardioplegia on myocardial ischemia, return of ventricular function, and ultrastructural preservation.

To evaluate the myocardial protection afforded by multiple-dose versus single-dose administration of potassium cardioplegic solution, we studied 24 isolated feline hearts before, during, and after 1 hour of ischemic arrest. Intramyocardial gas tensions, ventricular function, histologic preservation, and postischemic myocardial edema were compared in hearts maintained at 27° C during the ischemic period. Equal groups of hearts received no infusion of cardioplegic solution, a single dose of potassium solution at the onset of ischemia, or multiple infusions of the cardioplegic solution throughout the arrest period. During ischemia, single-dose cardioplegic administration resulted in less accumulation of myocardial carbon dioxide (Pmco2) than did hypothermia alone, reflecting a reduction in metabolic activity during ischemia. The fact that multiple-dose cardioplegia further reduced Pmco2 accumulation suggests an intermittent washout of metabolic end products. During reperfusion, hearts protected by multidose cardioplegia demonstrated superior preservation of ventricular performance compared to hearts protected by single-dose cardioplegia or hypothermia alone. In addition, multiple infusions of the cardioplegic solution resulted in optimal structural preservation in both light and electron microscopic studies.
Transfusing the patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Because the problems relating to blood transfusion in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia vary depending on the specific type of disease (warm antibody AHA, cold agglutinin syndrome, or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), definitive diagnosis is crucial. Blood should never be considered to be contraindicated, even though the compatibility test may be strongly incompatible, without also considering such critical factors as the progression of the anemia.
Some Methodology for Inverse Problems

There is a huge and growing literature on methods for approximating solutions of inverse problems. In an introductory work it is not possible to do justice to the wide range of ideas and techniques currently in use. We have therefore chosen to illustrate only a few main themes in this chapter. We concentrate on regularization methods, the Backus—Gilbert approach to estimation, the maximum entropy idea, algebraic reconstruction techniques and output least squares.
Measuring the External Costs of Fuel Cycles in Developing Countries

In estimating environmental damages of fuel cycles, one would ideally like to start with the basic relationship between the energy outputs and the environmental impacts, as shown in Figure 1. In doing this there may be one or more stages, as for example is the case with air pollutants, where the energy source generates emissions and these emissions in turn impact on the environment depending on how they are deposited spatially. The method of estimating the energy-environment relationship is referred to as the dose-response function, which can be fairly simple (linking the pollutant — eg SO2 to the measured variable of interest — eg. no of work days lost work day); or very complex, with the dependent variable being the probability of losing a work day, as a function of age, occupation, pollution levels of more than one pollutant, relative humidity etc. The next step is to value the impacts, using price and market data and this stage can also range from the simple direct valuation to a very complex model that allows for all the inter-linkages between markets and changes in prices.
Human–Environment Relationship: Comparative Case Studies

A comparative case study is a research approach to formulate or assess generalizations that extend across multiple cases. The nature of comparative case studies may be explored from the intersection of comparative and case study approaches. Case studies and qualitative comparative analyses share a common explanatory limitation with quantitative models—they are fundamentally heuristic rather than definitive. Strategies in comparative case studies include research on the basis of community, place, perspective, structure, system, scale, transects, gradients, time, events, analogs, or theory as organizing principles. However, the major organizing principle of a comparative case study often includes others that are subsidiary but inherent in the nature of the cases selected. There are no formal rules for evaluating comparative case studies, but reasonable criteria against which studies can be assessed do exist. The intriguing variety of strategies for organizing comparison means that this approach to understanding will continue to be a vital part of human–environment scholarship.
Recovering signals in physiological systems with large datasets

In many physiological studies, variables of interest are not directly accessible, requiring that they be estimated indirectly from noisy measured signals. Here, we introduce two empirical methods to estimate the true physiological signals from indirectly measured, noisy data. The first method is an extension of Tikhonov regularization to large-scale problems, using a sequential update approach. In the second method, we improve the conditioning of the problem by assuming that the input is uniform over a known time interval, and then use a least-squares method to estimate the input. These methods were validated computationally and experimentally by applying them to flow-through respirometry data. Specifically, we infused CO2 in a flow-through respirometry chamber in a known pattern, and used the methods to recover the known input from the recorded data. The results from these experiments indicate that these methods are capable of sub-second accuracy. We also applied the methods on respiratory data from a grasshopper to investigate the exact timing of abdominal pumping, spiracular opening, and CO2 emission. The methods can be used more generally for input estimation of any linear system.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Children.

Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Children (Chiu & Henry, 1990) measures an internally consistent, unidimensional construct. Construct validity (i.e., co...
A change point problem for some conditional functionals

A change point problem for certain conditional sample functionals is considered. This type of functionals includes the strength of a bundle of parallel filaments as a special case. The consistency along with a first order representation of the proposed procedure is established under appropriate regularity conditions.
SMARP: A Stochastic MAC Protocol with Randomized Power Control for Underwater Sensor Networks

Designing efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is still a challenging issue, due to the long propagation delay and spatial-temporal uncertainty of underwater acoustic channel. In this paper, we make use of the capture effect in channel access, and propose a stochastic MAC protocol with randomized power control for UWSNs, called SMARP. Capture effect means when multiple packets arrive at the receiver simultaneously, it is possible that some packets can be decoded if its power strength is higher enough than other packets. We design a power control scheme by considering the non-negligible difference in acoustic propagation attenuation, and proactively create power captures at the receiver side to improve the network throughput. Fairness is maintained by randomly selecting the transmission power among a set of power levels. A utility-optimization framework is used to determine the optimal transmission strategy, which takes into account both the single-packet success probability and capture success probability. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that SMARP achieves higher network throughput and lower packet end-to-end delay than other representative underwater MAC protocols.
Adolescent Group Psychotherapy Supervision in a Group Format: An Emerging Model

A qualitative analysis of the supervision of adolescent group therapy sessions was accomplished using group supervision journals. Two clinical psychology interns and three supervising clinical psychologists participated in the study. Two separate adolescent inpatient process groups were conducted biweekly over a 5-month period with each intern co-leading a group with a supervising psychologist. Following each weekly group supervision session, interns and psychologists completed a questionnaire as part of their group supervision journal. Results showed that the interns perceived the group therapy supervision process as helping them develop a strong knowledge base and important competencies essential for conducting adolescent group therapy. The interns also characterized their group therapy supervision experience as being instrumental in transitioning them from a graduate student and intern identity to that of an autonomous professional psychologist. Our emerging training model of adolescent group psychotherapy supervision may be refined based on future research and adapted for use in other settings.
Cutaneous Malignant Vascular Neoplasms

Accurate diagnosis of cutaneous malignant vascular tumors, including angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, is critical for determination of appropriate clinical management and prognosis. Although there have been significant advances in understanding genetic aspects of cutaneous vascular biology, differential diagnosis of malignant vascular tumor involving skin and superficial soft tissue is a frequent source of difficulty. This brief overview highlights the clinicopathologic features of primary and secondary cutaneous angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and also provides a short summary of newer molecular data.
A new therapeutic strategy for atypical HUS.

In this issue of Blood, Merrill et al report that stopping therapy with eculizumab in 15 adult patients with atypical hemolytic syndrome (aHUS), after remission was achieved, resulted in relapse in only 3 individuals. 1
Smarter City, Smarter Investment? A Study of the Relationship between 311 Systems and Credit Ratings in American Cities

This article investigates the relationship between credit ratings and a local governments’ decisions to utilize one type of smart city innovation—the 311 system (non-emergency versions of 911 that utilize phone, web, and mobile application interfaces). We pair longitudinal financial data with information on the implementation of 311 systems. The results of our analysis demonstrate that 311 systems, particularly web-based 311, do, in some instances, have a positive influence on the credit rating of a city. Additionally, we find that the duration since 311 was adopted is positively related with credit ratings. Again, the effect is especially pronounced with the web-based 311. These results suggest cities with 311 systems and those that have had 311 in place longer have higher credit ratings. These results could indicate that cities with 311 are better managed or that they are simply more transparent to investors, thus pose lower risks.
Machine-learning-based approach for post event assessment of damage in a turn-of-the-century building structure

The work presented in this article describes development of a machine learning (ML)-based platform for condition assessment of building structures in the aftermath of extreme events. The methods employed in the study include support vector machines, neural networks, and Gaussian Naive Bayes techniques for training of the structural health monitoring model. The ML platform relates the change in stiffness, and strains in various structural components of the system to the intensity and location of damage. Evaluation of the proposed method was accomplished by using it for the characterization of damage in a turn-of-the-century, six-story building with timber frames and masonry walls. The building was damaged due to differential settlement of its foundation. Application of the proposed method in the building required load testing of selected structural elements, and use of the strains acquired from the field tests as input to the ML model.
Dialogicity in Written Specialised Genres, editado por Luz Gil-Salom y Carmen Soler-Monreal

Ressenya de Dialogicity in Written Specialised Genres, editat per Luz Gil-Salom i Carmen Soler-Monreal.
SureSelect XT RNA Direct: A Technique for Expression Analysis Through Sequencing of Target-Enriched FFPE Total RNA

Gene expression profiling of samples from biobanks requires a method that can be used with intact as well as partially degraded RNA. High throughput applications can benefit from reducing the number of processing steps including eliminating the poly(A) selection and ribosomal depletion steps. When performing targeted capture, we have found that we can eliminate the upfront poly(A) selection/ribosomal depletion steps that cause bias in standard mRNA-Seq workflows. This target enrichment solution allows for whole transcriptome or customized content to characterize differential gene expression patterns (especially for mid/low level transcripts). Protocol modifications to the Agilent Strand-Specific RNA Library Prep kit resulted in a new workflow called "RNA Direct" that generates RNA-Seq data with minimal ribosomal contamination and good sequencing coverage. Using RNA isolated from a set of matched samples including fresh frozen (FF) or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) from tumor/normal tissues we generated high-quality data using a protocol that does not require upfront ribosomal depletion or poly(A) selection. Using SureSelectXT RNA Direct protocol (RNA Direct) workflow, we found transcripts to be upregulated or downregulated to similar degrees with similar confidence levels in both the FF and FFPE samples, demonstrating the utility for meaningful gene expression studies with biobank samples of variable quality.
Blunt Traumatic Cervical Vascular Injury Without any Modified Denver Criteria.

Author(s): Ritter, Jed T.; Kraus, Chadd K. | Abstract: Blunt traumatic cervical vascular injury (BCVI) is challenging to recognize, but it is a potentially devastating entity that warrants attention from emergency physicians. Injury to the vertebral or carotid artery can result in a delayed manifestation of neurologic injury that may be preventable if promptly recognized and treated. The modified Denver Criteria are frequently used to guide imaging decisions for BCVI; however, injuries can still be missed. We present a case of BCVI in a trauma patient whose initial presentation evaded standard screening criteria, illustrating the nee dfor a high index of suspicion for BCVI in blunt trauma.
OSCILLATORY SOLUTIONS OF x″(t) + a(t)f(x(q(t))) = 0

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a number of results concerning the oscillatory behavior of the solutions of the second order retarded differential equation (1) x″(t) + a(t) f{x[;q(t)]} = 0. The problem of oscillation and nonoscillation of solutions of the equation has drawn increasing attention in the last few years and a number of results have been obtained. A solution of (1) is oscillatory if it has arbitrarily large zeros and that (1) is oscillatory if every solution of (1) oscillates. In a theorem illustrated in the chapter, f is considered to be nonincreasing for |x| ≥ d ≥ 0 for some d. Then, every solution of (1) is oscillatory if (2) is valid for every c > 0, t0 ≥ 0, and x0 ≥ d.
Sales Thchnology Applications: The Impact of Electronic Data Interchange on the Sales Function

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) provides information linkages between selling firms and buying firms and offers significant benefits for participating companies. In this article, the changing role of the salesperson in an EDI environment is explored. A case study, which examines the effects of EDI technology at Bergen Brunswig Drug Company, is presented. Managerial implications are discussed.
Preliminary Results of a Randomized Study of Intrahepatic Infusion versus Systemic Infusion of FUDR for Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

Development of a totally implantable infusion pump produced a renewed interest in hepatic infusional therapy. An initial study employing this pump and continuous hepatic infusion of FUDR produced an 83% response rate1. However, further work with this method brought the mean response rate down to 59%2which, however, is still higher than the mean response rate obtained with systemic chemotherapy.
[3H] IMIPRAMINE BINDING TO THE SEROTONIN “TRANSPORTER” IN HUMAN BRAIN AND PLATELET: A POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL MARKER IN DEPRESSION

High affinity binding sites for [3H] imipramine have been demonstrated in rat brain, human platelet, and human brain. Initial reports on the characterization of high affinity [3H] imipramine binding concluded that there was no apparent relationship betwen these binding sites and any of the pre- or post-synaptic recognition or reuptake sites for any known neurotransmitter. However, recent studies in our laboratory have provided strong evidence that the high affinity [3H] imipramine binding site is intimately associated with the presynaptic and platelet transport of serotonin. The excellent correlation between the relative potencies of series of antidepressants in displacing [3H] imipramine binding in human brain and human platelet (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) further indicates that the platelet may be a useful peripheral model for studying the serotonin transport site in brain. Clinical studies on the binding of [3H] imipramine to platelets from unipolar depressed patients have shown a significant (∼30%, p < 0.01) decrease in the density of these binding sites compared with platelets from age and sex-matched controls. These results coupled with previous studies showing a decreased uptake of serotonin in platelets from depressed patients suggest that an acquired or inherited deficiency of the serotonin transport protein(s) may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.
An Analytical Design Strategy and Implementation of a Dv/Dt Filter for WBG Devices Based High Speed Machine Drives

This paper presents a design strategy of a $dv/dt$ filter for high speed machine drives based on analytical analysis. Both a LCR filter and a LC with a diode bridge are studied and, a choice between two options can be made depending on a length of cable. The way of choosing the value of L, C, and R of the filter is proposed by analyzing the transfer function of the filter output voltage and the filter resonant current. In the same manner, filter characteristics such as $dv/dt$ , rise time, peak voltage, and peak resonant current can be adjusted accurately. The power loss in damping resistors are discussed. The proposed design scheme is evaluated through simulations and experiments with a SiC inverter and high speed IPMSM.
Cauchy Problems for Ordinary Differential, Difference and Integral Equations

The availability of large high speed digital computers has made the numerical solution of initial value or Cauchy problems a routine matter. Unfortunately the analysis of many important physical processes by classical methods leads to boundary-value problems, the solution of which is rarely a direct procedure. Thus we are naturally led to seek systematic methods of converting boundary value problems to equivalent Cauchy systems.
Radiosyntheses of [18F]trifluoromethyl derivatives of nucleobases and L-phenylalanine from [18F]fluoroform produced in gas phase

1060 Objectives: Fluorine-18 is an attractive radionuclide for labeling PET radiotracers because of its availability in very high activity and molar activity from the 18O(p,n)18F reaction in [18O]water. Moreover, the half-life of 109.8 min makes distribution of prepared radiotracers to remote sites highly feasible. A strategy of replacing a hydrogen atom with fluorine-18 in endogenous compounds has been successful in producing, many useful radiotracers, such as, [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), [18F]5-fluorouracil, and [18F]2-fluoro-L-tyrosine. Replacement of a hydrogen atom with a radiolabeled and metabolically stable trifluoromethyl group might also be a useful strategy, but has hitherto been little explored. Here we present examples of syntheses of 18F-trifluoromethylated derivatives of nucleobases and an amino acid from [18F]fluoroform, showing the potential for easy access to 18F-trifluoromethylated endogenous compounds as potentially new PET radiotracers. Methods: [18F]Fluoroform was prepared in gas phase from [18F]fluoride ion by conversion into [18F]fluoromethane and passage over cobalt(III) fluoride (CoF3) at 280oC [1]. The [18F]fluoroform was trapped in DMF (100-300 µL) at -41oC, converted into [18F]CuCF3 with Cu(t-BuO) (~ 5 µmol) in DMF (50 µL), and stabilized with Et3N.3HF (1.64% v/v in DMF; 50 µL) [2]. Iodo precursors (100 µmol) were dissolved in DMF (100 µL) and added to [18F]CuCF3 solution and heated at 130oC for 5 min. Boronic acid precursor (50 µmol) was added to [18F]CuCF3 and purged with air (10 mL) and left at room temperature (20-26oC) for 10 min. BOC protecting groups were removed by treatment with HCl (37%, 0.2 mL) at 80oC for 5 min. Finally, reaction mixtures were quenched with 0.1% TFA water-MeCN (1:1 v/v), filtered, and analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. Products were identified by their retention times. Results: [18F]Fluoroform was obtained from [18F]fluoromethane in high yield (> 95%). Both of the [18F]trifluoromethyl 5-uracil derivatives, namely [18F](5-trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ([18F]1) from boronic acid and [18F](1,3-dimethyl-5-[18F](trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ([18F]2) from iodo precursor, were obtained in quantitative yield. [18F](R)-2-amino-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid ([18F]3;[18F]4-trifluoromethyl-L-phenylalanine) was obtained in 69% yield. Conclusions: These results point to the ease with which many endogenous compounds might be 18F-trifluoromethylated to produce potential radiotracers for PET imaging of important biochemical pathways, such as the synthesis of peptides, proteins or nucleosides. Acknowledgement: The Intramural Research Program of NIH (NIMH). References: [1] Yang BY, Haskali MB, Telu S, et al. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2017, 60 (Suppl. 1): S263. [2] Haskali MB, Pike VW. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 815.
Entering the Work of Higher Education: A Study of Novice Practitioners’ Learning

This study examines experiential learning within a higher education master’s program through the experience of 15 higher education master’s students who participate in a structured internship progr...
Early seral pathways of vegetation change following repeated, short interval high-severity wildfire in a low elevation mixed-conifer-hardwood forest landscape of the Klamath Mountains, California

We compared early seral development between stands subject to single and repeated high-severity wildfire in low-elevation, mixed conifer – hardwood forests in the Klamath Mountains, California, USA...
The Enigma of Neoproterozoic Giant Ooids—Fingerprints of Extreme Climate?

Geologists have documented at least fourteen occurrences of "giant ooids", a geologically rare type of carbonate allochem, in Neoproterozoic successions at low paleo-latitudes. Recent experiments a...
Lactation and Contraception

Much controversy surrounds the theoretical and practical considerations of fertility control for lactating women.1–3 The positive benefits of breastfeeding are increasingly promoted, often without mention of the complex interplay between lactation, fertility, and the individual woman’s reproductive “life plan.”4,5 Because use of contraceptive devices and practices, other than condoms and abstinence, may affect the quality and adequacy of breast feeding, it is appropriate to review the interaction between these modern-day imperatives, breast-feeding and fertility control. In order to place these concerns in perspective, we will examine the length and degree of infertility associated with lactational amenorrhea and the proven and likely influences of different contraceptive formulations and devices on milk production and composition as well as their possible effects on the duration of lactation.
1 – Vector Spaces

Publisher Summary An arbitrary field can be used in place of either the field of real numbers or that of complex numbers—for example, a wide variety of mathematical systems can be classified as vector spaces over some field. This chapter discusses the idea of a subspace of a vector space, the elementary algebra of subspaces, and ways to generate subspaces. A vector quantity can be represented by an arrow, that is, a directed line segment. The study of the properties of addition of arrows and the multiplication of an arrow by a scalar can be transformed from a geometric to analgebraic setting by the introduction of a coordinate system in the space at hand. The elements of a vector space over a field are called vectors. The definition of a vector space over a field focuses attention on a set whose elements are called vectors. A wide variety of concrete mathematical systems are vector spaces; therefore, the axiomatic approach to the study of vector spaces is an efficient one.
Acute Hiatal Hernia with Incarcerated Proximal Half of Recent Sleeve Gastrectomy: Super Rare Complication

Background Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) has become the most commonly performed operation for the treatment of morbid obesity (JAMA. 312(9):959-61, 2014). Nevertheless, VSG is still associated with some early postoperative complications (JAMA. 312(9):959-61, 2014; Surg Obes Relat Dis. 9(5):816-29, 2013; Obes Surg. 27(8):1944-1951, 2017). Hiatal hernia is a complication that has been widely described in the literature, but not in the immediate postoperative course (Obes Surg. 17(7):962-9, 2007). We, herein, report a case of an acute postoperative hiatal hernia after sleeve gastrectomy. Methods A 29-year-old female (BMI 38.54 kg/m2) presented to our center and her options for metabolic surgery were discussed. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was the chosen procedure. Preoperative assessment includes a chest x-ray, and standard lab-work up was within a normal limit. Barium swallow did not show any evidence of hiatal hernia. She underwent a LSG. On POD 1, she was able to pass the bariatric clears trial and was discharged home. Three days after discharge, the patient was complaining of constant nausea and vomiting, and chest pain, and was diagnosed with acute hiatal hernia with the incarceration of the proximal sleeve. The patient was taken to the operating room. Results Postoperatively, the patient started on the usual bariatric clinical pathway which she tolerated well and was discharged on the POD 4. The operative time was 156 min. The estimated blood loss was 50 ml. Conclusions Our report highlights the need for more broad differential diagnosis in early post sleeve gastrectomy patients. Those who are presented with nausea and vomiting in the early postoperative period should be evaluated for possible post sleeve hiatal hernia with a potential risk of strangulation.
Charged particle emission following pion capture in nuclei

Abstract We have identified the charged particles emitted following pion capture in thin (0.05 g/cm 2 ) targets of Li, Be, 10 B, C, O, Mg, S, Ca, Co and Pb and have measured their energy spectra as well as the integrated branching ratios above threshold energies of 6, 8 and 9 MeV for the proton, deuteron and triton mode, respectively.
Opioid testing at workplace: a giant magnetoresistive nanosensor platform for the rapid and quantitative detection of morphine in saliva at the point of care

Morphine is an analgesic narcotic drug with a high risk for addiction. Testing standards require urine samples processed by central laboratories, leading to delayed results. Giant magnetoresistive sensors coupled with super paramagnetic nanoparticles offer a quantitative, sensitive, and low-cost solution for morphine detection in saliva at the point of care. The smartphone-controlled platform transmits results via Bluetooth, takes 35 minutes from sample to result, and delivers a lower limit of detection of 3.78 ng/mL and a dynamic range up to 500 ng/mL. The affordable and multiplexable GMR nanosensor platform enables this technology to be widely utilized for workplace drug testing.
Subjective and Objective Measures in Assessing Neck Disability and Pain in Head and Neck Cancer

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The intensification of treatment for head and neck cancers (HNCs) has created a cohort of patients living with short- and long-term comorbidities and functional deficits. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and objective measures of neck function in survivors of HNCs. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Thirty-one subjects (aged 64 ± 8.7 years; 28 males and three females) were recruited and completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and a numeric pain scale. At the same visit, subjects were fitted with two portable motion sensors to collect range of motion (ROM) and velocity data. Differences between ROM, velocity, and PRO subgroups were assessed using a one-tailed t test (*P < .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was calculated between the NDI values and the ROM and velocity values for each motion. RESULTS A moderate correlation (r = 0.507) was observed between NDI and neck pain. Patients with no disability according to the NDI had significantly higher ROM and velocity than patients with mild to moderate disability. Velocity in all degrees of freedom (axial rotation, flexion and extension, and lateral bending) was significantly lower for patients who perceived higher levels of neck pain and neck disability. CONCLUSIONS This study notes that patients who report neck disability and pain have more limited ROM and velocity following HNC treatment. These data may improve treatment planning and care delivery by facilitating an understanding of the experiences of HNC survivors and the pathophysiology that must be targeted to address their psychosocial and functional deficits. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:2015-2022, 2021.