cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A distribution in the rat liver cell.

Abstract 1. 1. In the normal distribution of vitamin A of the rat liver cell, fraction “X” appeared to contain the highest concentration; mitochondria was next, and nuclei had the least. 2. 2. The total nitrogen found in each fraction was relatively constant; therefore, the distribution of vitamin A in terms of nitrogen was not altered from the distribution in point 1 above. 3. 3. Vitamin A-supplemented animals showed a shift in the distribution of the vitamin. Fraction “X” still contained the most; nuclei came next, followed by the mitochondria.
New Strategies for Medical Data Mining, Part 3: Automated Workflow Analysis and Optimization

The practice of evidence-based medicine calls for the creation of "best practice" guidelines, leading to improved clinical outcomes. One of the primary factors limiting evidence-based medicine in radiology today is the relative paucity of standardized databases. The creation of standardized medical imaging databases offer the potential to enhance radiologist workflow and diagnostic accuracy through objective data-driven analytics, which can be categorized in accordance with specific variables relating to the individual examination, patient, provider, and technology being used. In addition to this "global" database analysis, "individual" radiologist workflow can be analyzed through the integration of electronic auditing tools into the PACS. The combination of these individual and global analyses can ultimately identify best practice patterns, which can be adapted to the individual attributes of end users and ultimately used in the creation of automated evidence-based medicine workflow templates.
A general method for inserting specific DNA sequences into cloning vehicles.

Abstract A general method has been developed to introduce any double-stranded DNA molecule into cloning vehicles at different restriction endonuclease sites. In this method a chemically synthesized decadeoxyribonucleotide duplex, containing a specific restriction endonuclease sequence, is joined by DNA ligase to both ends of the DNA to be cloned. The resulting new duplex DNA is cut by the same restriction endonuclease to generate the cohesive ends. It is then inserted into the restriction endonuclease cleavage site of the cloning vehicle. To demonstrate the feasibility of this new method, we have inserted separately the synthetic lac operator DNA at the Bam I and Hin dIII cleavage sites of the plasmid pMB9 DNA.
Defect Detection in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Electrodes Using Infrared Thermography

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are energy conversion devices that offer high power densities and high efficiencies for mobile and other applications. Successful introduction into the marketplace requires addressing cost barriers such as production volumes and platinum contents. The electrode is currently a cost intensive component within PEMFCs because platinum is employed as the catalyst. For cost reduction, it is vital to maximize efficiency and minimize waste during the manufacturing of electrodes, including gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), by developing quality control (QC) diagnostics for fuel cell materials that can be applied to the moving material during large scale production. In this work, we report on developing a QC diagnostic for GDEs, involving creating an exothermic reaction on the electrode surface and using infrared (IR) thermography to measure the resulting temperature profile. Experiments with a moving substrate were conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the diagnostic for real-time web-line inspection.
Port-site metastases of adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube after laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy

Port-site metastases following laparoscopic surgery for cancer constitute an emerging problem. We report a case of cutaneous metastasis at a port site following laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy for unsuspected adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. This complication occurred 7 months postoperatively and was treated with resection. A single site was involved. Possible etiologies are implantation from ``contaminated'' instruments or dissemination of tumor cells by the positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum. Preventive measures include precise and clean surgical technique, the use of a nonporous bag, postoperative trocar-site excision or irradiation, and conversion to laparotomy either intra- or postoperatively.
Comparison of three nonlinear interferometric optical switch geometries

We present an experimental study of ultrafast all-optical interferometric switching devices based upon a resonant nonlinearity in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). We experimentally compare three configurations: one based upon a Sagnac interferometer and the other two based upon Mach-Zehnder interferometers. By using picosecond pulses, we characterize the switching window of the three devices in terms of both temporal width and output peak-to-peak amplitude. These results are found to be in close agreement with a previously developed theoretical model. Since these nonlinear interferometric switches use an active device as the nonlinear element, relatively low control pulse energy is needed to perform switching as compared to other techniques. As a result, these optical switches are practical for all-optical demultiplexing and ultrafast optical sampling for future lightwave communication systems.
Microwave spectrum and structure of pentafluorobenzene

Abstract The rotational spectrum of pentafluorobenzene has been measured by 480 MHz bandwidth chirped-pulse Fourier-transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectroscopy. Measurement of many new transitions of the normal isotopologue (including Q -branch transitions up to J = 11 and R -branch transitions up to J = 12) has allowed the first experimental determination of Watson A -reduction centrifugal distortion constants for this species. In addition, Balle–Flygare FTMW measurements of the four unique 13 C substituted isotopologues have allowed a determination of the ring and partial fluorine atom structure of the molecule. Spectroscopic constants for the normal isotopologue are: A = 1480.86496(45) MHz, B = 1030.06911(14) MHz, C = 607.50261(9) MHz, Δ J = 9.0(7) Hz, Δ K = 65(2) Hz, and δ J = 2.5(4) Hz.
Enumeration of ring-chain tautomers based on SMIRKS rules.

A compound exhibits (prototropic) tautomerism if it can be represented by two or more structures that are related by a formal intramolecular movement of a hydrogen atom from one heavy atom position to another. When the movement of the proton is accompanied by the opening or closing of a ring it is called ring–chain tautomerism. This type of tautomerism is well observed in carbohydrates, but it also occurs in other molecules such as warfarin. In this work, we present an approach that allows for the generation of all ring–chain tautomers of a given chemical structure. Based on Baldwin’s Rules estimating the likelihood of ring closure reactions to occur, we have defined a set of transform rules covering the majority of ring–chain tautomerism cases. The rules automatically detect substructures in a given compound that can undergo a ring–chain tautomeric transformation. Each transformation is encoded in SMIRKS line notation. All work was implemented in the chemoinformatics toolkit CACTVS. We report on the appl...
Constant Turnover of Arachidonic Acid and Inhibition of a Potassium Current in Aplysia Giant Neurons

Steady-state currents at hyperpolarized membrane potentials were studied in the homologous giant neurons, LP1 and R2, ofAplysia using two-electrode voltage clamp. Nearly half of the steady-state current at voltages more hyperpolarized than −70 mV had characteristics similar to the inwardly rectifying potassium current (I R) described previously inAplysia neurons. The pharmacological agents 4-bromophenacylbromide, indomethacin, and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate were found to modulateI R.I R was stimulated with BPB and indomethacin and inhibited with TPA. These agents alteredI R by a mechanism independent ofcAMP, which can also modulateI R. The effects of these modulators are consistent with their actions on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism inAplysia nervous system, suggesting AA may constitutively inhibitI R. When ganglia were perfused for 12 hr with medium containing BSA to absorb extracellular fatty acids,I R was increased nearly twofold. This increase was partially inhibited by addition of AA to the perfusion medium, and completely inhibited by pretreatment of ganglia with BPB. Although no direct effect of shortterm exposure to exogenous AA was observed, long term exposure to exogenous AA and several other unsaturated fatty acids was accompanied by a decrease inI R.
Can ribonucleotide reductase be considered as an effective target for developing antiherpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2) compounds?

Abstract Herpes simplex viruses are known to induce virus specified ribonucleotide reductase (RR) in infected cells. RR is considered as a possible target for the development of antiviral agents. In this study, the role of RR in virus replication has been investigated. The sensitivity of RR to hydroxyurea (HU) from virus infected and uninfected HeLa S3 cells was similar with ic 50 values of 0.12 and 0.14 mM. In the presence of 2 mM HU, and 10 μM tetrahydrouridine (THU), a cytidine deaminase inhibitor, the incorporation of [ 14 C]cytidine into viral DNA was found to be inhibited by 95%; [ 32 P]-incorporation into viral DNA under the same conditions was inhibited by 75%. The pool size of dCTP and dGTP was 50 and 70%, respectively, with no significant effect on dATP and dTTP pools in virus infected cells treated with 2 mM HU, as compared with virus infected cells receiving no drug treatment. HU at 2 mM could not inhibit HSV-2 yield by more than one log. These results suggest that virus RR is not an effective target for developing anti HSV-2 compounds.
The Dark Age of the universe.

The Dark Age is the period between the time when the cosmic microwave background was emitted and the time when the evolution of structure in the universe led to the gravitational collapse of objects, in which the first stars were formed. The period of reionization started with the ionizing light from the first stars, and it ended when all the atoms in the intergalactic medium had been reionized. The most distant sources of light known at present are galaxies and quasars at redshift z ≅ 6, and their spectra indicate that the end of reionization was occurring just at that time. The Cold Dark Matter theory for structure formation predicts that the first sources formed much earlier.
Evaluating the effects of temperature on pressurized pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata based on products yields and characteristics.

Abstract Biofuels derived from pyrolysis of microalgae can be potential alternatives for petroleum-derived fuels. Pyrolysis is an easily controllable thermochemical conversion process that yields energy fuels such as bio-oil, char and combustible gases. Microalgae is a very promising feedstock for this process since it has high lipid content, grows faster than lignocellulosic biomass, has high productivity and high photosynthetic efficiency. Several reaction parameters including temperature could affect the yield and quality of biofuels from pyrolysis. This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature during pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata using a pressurized fixed-bed batch-type reactor. Based on the results, the distribution of the products significantly varied with pyrolysis temperature, and the pyrolysis process can be manipulated to favor one of its products. Bio-oil with high heating value (HHV) of about 38 MJ/kg, due to its high carbon (76wt%) and hydrogen (11wt%) contents, and low oxygen content (7wt%), can be produced from N . oculata . It also consists mainly of saturated (34.95%) and unsaturated aliphatics (34.43%), and aromatics (14.19%) ranging from C 8 to C 21 , which is comparable to diesel fuel. The HHV of the char (27 MJ/kg) and gas (27 MJ/m 3 ) were also relatively high. Based on their heating values (HHV) and compositions, the char, bio-oil and gas produced from pyrolysis of N . oculata can be potentially used as alternative sources of energy. Mass and energy conversion efficiencies of the process were also estimated to be approximately equal to 76% and 68%, respectively.
Ubiquitin Changes in Human Biceps Muscle Following Exercise-Induced Damage

Changes in ubiquitin levels were characterized in human biceps muscle following high-force eccentric exercise. Volunteers performed damaging eccentric-isokinetic actions of the biceps muscle with the non-dominant arm. Protein extracts of biopsy tissue samples taken two days post-exercise were run on SDS polyacrylamide gels, analyzed densitometrically and revealed a 64% higher level of a protein band at 12 kD. New monoclonal immunoblotting techniques identified the band as free ubiquitin. On these blots, free ubiquitin increased in the exercised sample by 55% over the control, and ubiquitin conjugates of varying molecular weights follow a similar pattern. The changes seen in both free and conjugated ubiquitin suggest that their increases are involved in the response to exercise-induced muscle damage.
Preparation of 2-aryl and 2-aryloxymethyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and related compounds

A series of substituted 2-aryl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been prepared in which a variety of substituents are introduced on the 4′-position of the phenyl ring and on the 3, 5, 6 or 7 position of the heterocyclic ring. Most examples have acetamido, bromo, cyano, or formyl substituents at the 4′-position. Analogous imidazo-[2,1-b]fhiazoles and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines have also been prepared. Another series of compounds consisting of 4′-formylphenoxymethyl derivatives of imidazole, the three positional isomers of pyridine, thiazole, benzimidazole and ring-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been prepared. 2-(4′-Formylphenylethenyl) derivatives of imidazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine were also prepared.
Formaldehyde–Hydrogen Chloride

(CH2O) [50-00-0] CH2O (MW 30.03) InChI = 1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 InChIKey = WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (HCl) [7647-01-0] ClH (MW 36.46) InChI = 1S/ClH/h1H InChIKey = VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (chloromethylation of activated aromatics1 and heteroaromatics,1b cyclophanes,2 aromatic polymers;1b,3 synthesis of chloromethyl ethers;4, 1a lactones from phenylacetic acid5) Preparative Methods: formaldehyde is usually in the form of formalin or paraformaldehyde. For aromatic chloromethylation, solvents such as glacial acetic acid, CS2, CCl4, or chloroform are often employed, although heterogeneous chloromethylations using excess aromatic as solvent are numerous.1b A Lewis acid catalyst (often Zinc Chloride but a range of other Friedel–Crafts type catalysts have been reported), or a protic acid catalyst (usually Sulfuric Acid, conc Hydrochloric Acid, syrupy Phosphoric Acid) is often necessary, especially if electron-withdrawing groups are present on the arene. Typically, a rapid stream of HCl is passed through the formaldehyde–substrate mixture in a suitable medium until no more gas is absorbed. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: many chloromethylated compounds are lachrymatory. Chloromethyl ethers are carcinogenic. The reagents should be handled in a well-ventilated fume hood.
Exploring the Impact of Legal Systems and Financial Structure on Corporate Responsibility

This study investigates how diverse European legal systems and financial structures influence corporate social and environmental responsibility. The argument is developed by means of a framework that integrates legal systems and financial structures. Hypotheses relating to environmental responsibility have been tested using Innovest data gathered between 2002 and 2007 from 645 companies in 16 countries; and hypotheses relating to social responsibility have been tested using Innovest data gathered between 2004 and 2007 from 600 companies. The findings demonstrate that legal systems influence corporate responsibility (CR) in both social and environmental spheres. They also support the claim that corporations are more likely to act in environmentally responsible ways when there are strong and well-enforced state regulations in place to ensure such behavior. Company size is shown to have a greater impact on CR than either excess cash or performance. Large companies tend to be more visible than small ones do, and society expects them to behave in a more socially and environmentally responsible manner regardless of their financial performance or available cash. Finally, these findings support the hypothesis that capital structure significantly influences CR: companies with a high number of publicly held shares and a low percentage of debt are more likely than others to commit themselves to social and environmental activities.
Wnt-RhoA signaling is involved in dental enamel development

Transgenic mice that express dominant-negative RhoA (RhoA(DN) ) in ameloblasts have hypoplastic enamel with defects in molar cusps. β-catenin and Wnt5a were up-regulated in enamel organs of RhoA(DN) transgenic mice, which indicated that both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways are implicated in the process of enamel defect formation. It was hypothesized that expression of RhoA(DN) in ameloblasts interfered with normal enamel development through the pathways that were induced by fluoride. The Wnt and RhoA pathways were further investigated in an ameloblast-lineage cell line (ALC) by treatment with sodium fluoride (NaF). The activities of RhoA and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) II decreased significantly by 8-12 hours, similar to decreased activity in RhoA(DN) transgenic mice. Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways were activated by treatment with NaF, which was verified by western blotting and the β-catenin-TCF/LEF (T cell factor lymphanoid/enhancer factor) reporter gene (TOPflash) assay. β-catenin localization to both cytoplasm and nucleus was up-regulated in NaF-treated ALC, while Gsk-3β, the negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, showed a decreased pattern of expression. The current results indicate that both Wnt and RhoA pathways are implicated in fluoride-induced signaling transductions in the ALC as well as in the development of enamel defects in RhoA(DN) transgenic mice.
Effect of fabrication method and resin type on performance of tibial bearings.

Polyethylene has been used successfully for more than 30 years as an orthopedic bearing material. During this time, several polyethylene resins and fabrication methods have been used to produce bearings. Some bearings fail prematurely due to fatigue, which has been linked to oxidation and degradation of mechanical properties resulting from gamma sterilization in air. Fabrication method and/or resin have been hypothesized to govern whether oxidative degradation occurs in gamma-sterilized bearings. This study evaluates the effect of fabrication (machining/direct compression molding) and resin type on oxidation and the resulting mechanical properties for a large series of never-implanted bearings. While many molded bearings studied exhibit lower oxidation than machined bearings, fabrication method is not a significant predictor of oxidation. Resin type and shelf-age are found to be significant predictors of oxidation. Bearings fabricated from Himont 1900 exhibit lower oxidation than those from GUR 415/412 at comparable times after gamma in air. However, Himont 1900 bearings lose strength and elongation at lower oxidation levels than GUR 415/412 bearings. But since Himont 1900 oxidizes more slowly, Himont 1900 bearings retain mechanical properties for longer shelf times than comparable GUR 415/412 bearings. These effects are seen in retrievals as well.
Blunted reward responsiveness in remitted depression

Major depressive disorder has been associated with blunted responsiveness to rewards, but inconsistencies exist whether such abnormalities persist after complete remission. To address this issue, across two independent studies, 47 adults with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and 37 healthy controls completed a Probabilistic Reward Task, which used a differential reinforcement schedule of social or monetary feedback to examine reward responsiveness (i.e., ability to modulate behavior as a function of reinforcement history). Relative to controls, adults with rMDD showed blunted reward responsiveness. Importantly, a history of depression predicted reduced reward learning above and beyond residual depressive (including anhedonic) symptoms and perceived stress. Findings indicate that blunted reward responsiveness endures even when adults are in remission and might be a trait-related abnormality in MDD. More research is warranted to investigate if blunted reward responsiveness may predict future depressive episodes and whether targeting reward-related deficits may prevent the re-occurrence of the disorder.
Earthquake analysis of intake‐outlet towers including tower‐water‐foundation‐soil interaction

The available procedure for earthquake analysis of axisymmetric intake-outlet towers is extended to towers of arbitrary geometry, but with two axes of plan symmetry, and to include the effects of tower-foundation-soil interaction. The total system is represented as four substructures: tower, surrounding water, contained water and the foundation supported on flexible soil. The substructure representation of the system permits use of the most effective idealization for each substructure. An example earthquake response analysis is presented to demonstrate the results obtained from the analysis procedure. Computation times for several cases are included to demonstrate the efficiency of the analysis procedure.
When two-dimensional structure led the way.

In the current era, when proteins are sequenced by the thousands, it is difficult to appreciate the enormous impact the publication of a single sequence, that of the human myeloma protein Eu, had on the field of immunology in the 1960s. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
Character as Argument

Legal scholarship, like everything else, is a cultural artifact. As artifact, it can be studied for what its style and substance reveal about the conditions of its production. Yet, because most of the time those who analyze legal scholarship participate in the very culture in which it is embedded, it is often difficult to appreciate legal scholarship as artifact.' The publication of Harry Kalven's A Worthy Tradition: Freedom of Speech in America provides a useful occasion for examining legal scholarship as artifact. The work serves that purpose for two reasons. First, the work is published 14 years after Kalven's death, and its editor has chosen not to bring any of the discussions up to date by dealing with subsequent Supreme Court decisions.2 In many ways, then, one can read the book as a legal historian would; one can see it as a discussion, in times past, of
Design for fault-tolerance in system ES model 900

The authors present the design for fault-tolerance in the IBM ES/9000 Model 900 high-end commercial processor. The design exploits circuit level concurrent-error detection, fault-identification, and reconfiguration with system level techniques when multiple functional resources are available. It provides true graceful degradation during central processor or channel reconfiguration and repair. The authors discuss the design point for this processor and the trade-offs involved; show the error detection and online repair process of a central processor with the work recovered on an alternate central processor, transparent to the application; describe dynamic path selection and the hot-pluggable channels; and illustrate the fault-tolerance techniques used in the level 1 cache and the central store. >
Forgiveness, health, and problematic drinking among college students in southern Appalachia.

Evidence is growing regarding the salutary relationships between spirituality and health, including alcohol problems, yet little is known about spirituality and health in the context thereof. Cross-sectional associations between forgiveness and health were examined among college student problematic drinkers (n = 126; female symbol = 60%; Mage = 22) in Southern Appalachia. Controlling for demographic variables (including religiosity), dimensions of forgiveness accounted for 7-33 percent of the variance in the health-related variables in a salutary fashion. Forgiveness of Self appears to be the most important dimension of forgiveness measured, yet the most difficult to develop. Language: en
Container communities: Anti-tampering Wireless Sensor Network for global cargo security

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is overwhelmed with the number of containers entering U.S.A. on a regular basis. Although containers are pre-screened and inspected at the time of shipment, it does not necessarily address all security risks. Containers stay en-route for long enough time that their contents can be tempered with or altered according to the procedures/needs of a terrorist attack. Moreover, considering the huge amount of shipments entering U.S. board daily, it is not practical to inspect every container again upon arriving U.S. ports. There is a urgent need to develop a protection system, such that the integrity of the containers can be persevered or at least the intrusion can be detected and properly handled. This paper proposes a design of a comprehensive solution that would monitor containers' integrity from the originating port to the destination port and report any intrusion event if it has taken place so the intruded container can be handled in an appropriate way. More important, the system itself needs to be secure and intrusion resistant. In the proposed system, intrusion detection sensors are deployed on each container, and form a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to report intrusion incidents. A secure and reliable communication protocol has been developed to ensure not only the integrity but also the authenticity of the communication conducted among among sensor nodes. With in the proposed system, not only the intrusions can be identified and properly handled, but also the system itself is attack resistant by utilizing Wireless Sensor Networks in a smart fashion.
An expanding and expansive view of computing, and the special role of pervasive computing

Advances in computer and information science and engineering (CISE) are providing unprecedented opportunities for research and education often at the interfaces between these disciplines and many others. I will provide a general overview of CISE at the National Science Foundation and include a discussion of current trends that are shaping the future of our disciplines. I will also discuss the critical role that pervasive computing and sensing has played in shaping our disciplines current and future research directions, and focus on CISE programs that directly relate to these trends.
Ischemic Neurons in Rat Brains After 6, 8, or 10 Minutes of Transient Hypoxic Ischemia:

The incidence and distribution of ischemic (necrotic) neurons in the brains of rats 72 hr after hypoxic ischemia induced via asphyxiation is described and scored. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) were endotracheally intubated and had their airways occluded for 6, 8, or 10 min, which resulted, respectively, in approximately 3, 5, or 7 min of pulselessness (MABP < 10 mm Hg). Survival was 10/10, 9/10, and 6/10 in the 6-, 8-, and 10-min groups: deaths occurred within 1 hr after resuscitation. At 72 hr, rats were reanesthetized and their brains were perfusion-fixed with 3% buffered paraformaldehyde. Paraffin-embedded, 5-micron-thick, HE lateral caudoputamen; CA1 region of the hippocampus; subiculum; and, with longer asphyxia times, among cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Categorical histologic damage scores were assigned to affected regions on the basis of manual counts of ischemic neurons and summed for the whole brain. Brain histologic damage scores were significantly (p < 0.01) different for the 6-, 8-, and 10-min groups (means of 8 +/- 2; 14 +/- 4; and 22 +/- 4). Brain regions where both the number of rats affected and ranked categorical scores for ischemic neurons increased with asphyxia time were the lateral caudoputamen and cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
A search for facts on the teaching of public speaking, IV

(1940). A search for facts on the teaching of public speaking, II. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 31-38.
Capitalism and crime in the classroom: An analysis of academic dishonesty and latent student attitudes

ABSTRACTUniversity students' latent attitudes toward capitalism were quantified and used to predict self-reported cheating behaviors. Results suggest that the relationship between student academic dishonesty and attitudes toward capitalism are complex. Students indicating a strong degree of risk aversion are less likely to report cheating behaviors. Students demonstrating a preference for equality over efficiency, while no more likely to be cheaters, may cheat more often. Efficiency-minded students do not appear to be more likely to cheat, but may engage in fewer instances of cheating. Implications for curriculum development in economics and business programs are discussed.
Impact of campus child care director leadership and activities on the internal success and integration of the campus center

This study captures data from nearly 200 university campus-based child care center directors across the United States. It reveals the impacts directors believe their centers have had on the broader internal university community (e.g. student retention, research, teacher training in early childhood education) and the extent to which directors engage in leadership activities which demonstrate a “prehensive grasp” regarding the role of their center (e.g. the activities directors use to communicate the mission of their center and to integrate their center into the university).
Over 10 Watt, collinear blue and green vertical external cavity surface emitting laser

A high power, two color, collinear, blue and green vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) is demonstrated. Two different InGaAs/GaAs VECSEL chips operating with gain centers near 970 nm and 1070 nm are used to make two separate V-folded laser cavities. Two critically phase-matched intracavity lithium triborate nonlinear crystals are used to generate blue and green outputs which are then combined in a polarizing beam splitter. This results in a single beam which contains over 10 watts of combined blue and green output power. This concept can be expanded upon by adding a red output for the creation of a high power, white laser source.
In situ Formation of Thermally Stable, Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids from CS2 and Amidine/Amine Mixtures.

Amidinium dithiocarbamates salts with diverse structures are prepared in situ by adding one equivalent of CS2 to an equimolar mixture of two nonionic molecules, an amidine and an amine. Many of the salts made in this way are room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and the others (ILs) melt well below the decomposition temperature of the salts, ca. 80 °C. Unlike the analogous amidinium carbamate RTILs, which are made by adding CO2 to amidine/amine mixtures and decompose near 50 °C, the amidinium dithiocarbamates do not revert to their amidine/amine mixtures when they are heated. The thermal, rheological, conductance, and spectroscopic properties of representative examples from a total of 50 of these ILs and RTILs are reported, comparisons between them and their nonionic phases (as well as with their amidinium carbamates analogues) are made, and the thermolysis pathways of the ammonium dithiocarbamates are investigated.
Summary of problems and solutions in pediatric prescription comments

National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Report shows that the adverse drug reaction rate of pediatric drug use is 12.9% and that of neonates reaches up to 24.4%. Pediatric drug use has already become a severely afflicted area of pediatric drug use. In order to improve treatment effect, reduce adverse reactions and give children safer and more effective treatment, this paper analyzes the problems in pediatric prescription comments according to the pediatric drug use features and provide reference for the establishment and improvement of pediatric prescription comments.
Determination of Several Pesticide Residues in drinking Water by Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method

Objective To establish a method for determination of 45 kinds of pesticide residues in drinking water by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods The pesticide organophosphorus,organochlorines,carbamates and pyrethroids multiresidues in drinking water samples were extracted,purified and concentrated by liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) techniques.The working parameters of GC/ MS were optimized.Results The spiked recoveries and precision(RSD%) were 88.0%-118.0% and 2.4%-12.5% respectively.The detection limit for was 0.000 2-0.032 mg/L.Conclusion The established method is sensitive,rapid and reliable.
A Comparative Physiology Course May Encourage Academic Careers in Renal Fellows

Educational innovations in nephrology have focused largely on attracting trainees to the field, but few efforts have influenced the career development of nephrology fellows. We investigated the impact of an annual, week-long summer course titled “Origins of Renal Physiology” on academic career development by conducting a survey study of course participants and a control group of renal fellows who did not participate in the course. The survey elicited reasons for course attendance, perceptions of the course, and current career paths of respondents. We compared career trajectories and academic productivity between course participants and non-participants. Fellows attended the course primarily to review physiology in a novel educational setting and to gain long-term understanding of concepts in renal physiology. Course participants reported significantly higher current engagement in research than non-participants, especially in basic science. Analysis of free-text responses about the course’s most positive attributes identified four themes: interactions/networking, hands-on laboratory experience, mentorship, and unique learning environment. The course appears to have offered an innovative learning opportunity that fostered mentorship and peer-to-peer networking in a scientific, relaxed, and supportive learning environment. Emphasizing the role of basic science research and its application to clinical care through such courses may stimulate the interests of fellows into research and academic careers.
Kinetics of unidirectional leucine transport into brain: effects of isoleucine, valine, and anoxia.

The rate of unidirectional uptake, v, of L-[4,5-3H]leucine was studied in 17 isolated dog brains by means of an indicator-dilution technique using 22Na as the intravascular reference. The arterial leucine concentration was varied in increments by adding unlabeled leucine to the blood and v was determined after each change. The valine and isoleucine concentrations were varied independently to permit evaluation of their effect on leucine transport. A preliminary analysis indicated that both valine and isoleucine are competitive inhibitors. Therefore, all data were fitted to an equation that describes Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the presence of two competitive inhibitors. These calculations yielded an apparent Km for leucine transport of 1.58 mM plus or minus .28 SE, a V max of 0.323 mumol/g per min plus or minus .035 SE, and an apparent K i for inhibition of leucine transport of 1.76 mM plus or minus .34 SE for valine and 0.73 mM plus or minus .14 SE for isoleucine. In four isolated brains perfused with blood having a constant leucine level, indicator-dilution injections were made before, and at 1, 5, and 10 min after the start of perfusion with anoxic blood. These findings showed that, unlike glucose transport (Brain Res. 67: 307-316, 1974), the rate of lucine transport is unaffected by 10 min of anoxia.
Exploring the Effect of Perceived Distance on Sharing of Crisis Information in Social Media

In this paper, we propose a study to examine the effect of psychological distance on people's intention to contribute to disaster responses. Following past research, we predict that people are more likely to engage in news reporting a disaster when they perceive the event close to rather than far away from them. Accordingly, they will be more likely to share related information and make donation to a disaster relief campaign. To test our prediction, in a proposed experiment we will ask participants to estimate the distance to an earthquake recently occurred in Sumatra, Indonesia. Participants will then describe their feelings in response to the message, rate the likelihood of forwarding information, and estimate how much they would like to donate. We expect our results to reveal the relationship between perceived distance and people's willingness to participate in disaster rescue, particularly sharing of information and donation to charities. This work contributes to existing literature researching the role of psychological factors in crisis information diffusion. We provide suggestions for practitioners to better organize disaster relief activities, so that the negative impacts on people and society, caused by a devastating event, can be mitigated.
Ionization Energy of Singly Adsorbed Dye Molecules

AbstractThe ionization energy of cationic cyanine dyes adsorbed on glasses is only slightly dependent on the density of the adsorbate on the substrate. At very low densities, the range of ionization energies of adsorbed molecules narrows markedly. A model for a cyanine cation adsorbed on glass is suggested which has elements in common with that of Nelson and Selsby for a cation adsorbed on an ionic crystal in that it achieves the excess of negative charge in the vicinity of the ion required to give ionization energies in the range observed. Analysis shows that there ? profoundly statistical elements intrinsic to the ionization of adsorbed dyes which make it unrealistic to attempt to specify the energy exactly.
Chapter 23 – Computational Models of Normal and Impaired Language in the Brain

Computational models have been used to foster insight into mechanisms of normal and abnormal language processing in the brain. Although most of the classical computational models have used symbolic, discrete structures to model linguistic representations and sequential, functional processing to model linguistic processing, the new style of connectionist modeling may assist in bridging the gap between descriptive models of linguistic behavior and mechanistic models of language processing in the brain. This chapter reviews some of the types of connectionist models and examines representative models accounting for language processing, as well as the deficits in such processing that can occur with brain injury. We will also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the connectionist approach concerning its representational power and its adequacy in providing accounts for linguistic behavior in terms of neural functioning.
Chronic effects of temperature on mortality in the Southeastern USA using satellite-based exposure metrics

Climate change may affect human health, particularly for elderly individuals who are vulnerable to temperature changes. While many studies have investigated the acute effects of heat, only a few have dealt with the chronic ones. We have examined the effects of seasonal temperatures on survival of the elderly in the Southeastern USA, where a large fraction of subpopulation resides. We found that both seasonal mean temperature and its standard deviation (SD) affected long-term survival among the 13 million Medicare beneficiaries (aged 65+) in this region during 2000–2013. A 1 °C increase in summer mean temperature corresponded to an increase of 2.5% in death rate. Whereas, 1 °C increase in winter mean temperature was associated with a decrease of 1.5%. Increases in seasonal temperature SD also influence mortality. We decomposed seasonal mean temperature and its temperature SD into long-term geographic contrasts between ZIP codes and annual anomalies within ZIP code. Effect modifications by different subgroups were also examined to find out whether certain individuals are more vulnerable. Our findings will be critical to future efforts assessing health risks related to the future climate change.
Shape analysis with multivariate tensor-based morphometry and holomorphic differentials

In this paper, we propose multivariate tensor-based surface morphometry, a new method for surface analysis, using holomorphic differentials; we also apply it to study brain anatomy. Differential forms provide a natural way to parameterize 3D surfaces, but the multivariate statistics of the resulting surface metrics have not previously been investigated. We computed new statistics from the Riemannian metric tensors that retain the full information in the deformation tensor fields. We present the canonical holomorphic one-forms with improved numerical accuracy and computational efficiency. We applied this framework to 3D MRI data to analyze hippocampal surface morphometry in Alzheimer's Disease (AD; 12 subjects), lateral ventricular surface morphometry in HIV/AIDS (11 subjects) and biomarkers in lateral ventricles in HIV/AIDS (11 subjects). Experimental results demonstrated that our method powerfully detected brain surface abnormalities. Multivariate statistics on the local tensors outperformed other TBM methods including analysis of the Jacobian determinant, the largest eigenvalue, or the pair of eigenvalues, of the surface Jacobian matrix.
Astronomers probe a wobbling pulsar

Neutron stars have "hair". At least they do in comparison with black holes, according to the famous "no hair" conjecture made by John Wheeler of Princeton University in the US in the 1960s. Figuratively speaking, a neutron star's "hair" refers to the detailed activity caused by its strong magnetic fields, and the seismic-like activity that occurs in its crust. Thus, while a black hole may be described with textbook simplicity using only its mass, charge and angular momentum, each neutron star is complex, unique and phenomenologically rich.
Methadone and Corrected QT Prolongation in Pain and Palliative Care Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Abstract Background: Methadone (ME) is commonly used in pain and palliative care (PPC) patients with refractory pain or intolerable opioid adverse effects (AEs). A unique ME AE is its corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation risk, but most evidence exists in methadone maintenance therapy patients. Objective: Our goal was to identify QTc interval prolongation risk factors in PPC patients receiving ME and other medications known to prolong the QTc interval and develop a risk stratification tool. Design: We performed a case–control study of adult inpatients receiving ME for pain management. Settings/Subjects: Adult inpatients receiving ME with a QTc >470 msec (males) and >480 msec (females) were matched 1:2 according to age, history of QTc prolongation, and gender with ME patients who did not have a prolonged QTc interval. QTc prolongation risk factors were collected for both groups. Covariates were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to identi...
Imaging IR sensors: future directions for test and evaluation

This paper is a review of present state-of-the-art and future technologies for infrared scene projection, including both target and background simulators. We will address the need to develop appropriate figures of merit for comparison and evaluation of these test methods. Test methods we will review and compare include: raster-scanned laser, liquidcrystal light valve, deformable membrane, reflective deformable-mirror spatial light modulators, thermal emitter arrays, and infrared halftone transparencies.
Knowledge, Confidence, and Practice Patterns of Speech-Language Pathologists Working With Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose Although speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are important members of the health care team serving adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with cognitive–communication disorders, little is...
Involvement of Nicotinic Receptor Subtypes in the Behavioral Effects of Nicotinic Drugs in Squirrel Monkeys.

Evidence suggests that the α4β2, but not the α7, subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral effects of nicotine and related drugs. However, the importance of other nAChR subtypes remains unclear. The present studies were conducted to examine the involvement of nAChR subtypes by determining the effects of selected nicotinic agonists and antagonists in squirrel monkeys either 1) responding for food reinforcement or 2) discriminating the nicotinic agonist (+)-epibatidine (0.001 mg/kg) from vehicle. In food-reinforcement studies, nicotine, (+)-epibatidine, varenicline and cytisine all produced dose-dependent decreases in rates of food-maintained responding. The rate-decreasing effects of nicotine were antagonized by mecamylamine (nonselective), not appreciably altered by dihydro-β-erythroidine (α4β2 selective), and exacerbated by the nicotinic partial agonists, varenicline and cytisine. Results from discrimination studies show that non-nicotinic drugs did not substitute for (+)-epibatidine, and that except for lobeline, the nicotinic agonists produced either full [(+)-epibatidine, (−)-epibatidine, and nicotine] or partial (varenicline, cytisine, anabaseine, and isoarecolone) substitution for (+)-epibatidine. In interaction studies with antagonists differing in selectivity, (+)-epibatidine discrimination was substantively antagonized by mecamylamine, slightly attenuated by hexamethonium (peripherally restricted) or dihydro-β-erythroidine, and not altered by methyllycaconitine (α7 selective). Varenicline and cytisine enhanced (+)-epibatidine’s discriminative-stimulus effects. Correlational analysis revealed a close correspondence between relative behavioral potencies of nicotinic agonists in both studies and their published relative binding affinities at α4β2 and α3β4, but not α7 nAChR, subtypes. Collectively, these results are consistent with the idea that the α4β2 and α3β4, but not α7 nAChR subtypes play a role in the behavioral effects of nicotinic agonists.
Behandeling na recent hartinfarct

Deze keer trok een mondhygienist aan de bel met de volgende vraag: ‘Een patient is bij mij parodontaal onder behandeling. Zij is twee weken geleden met spoed afgevoerd naar het ziekenhuis. Het bleek een myocardinfarct te zijn. Mevrouw staat erop dat zij op korte termijn door mij afbehandeld wordt. Indien ik hier geen gehoor aan geef, heeft mevrouw aangegeven naar een andere mondhygienist te gaan.Wanneer mag een patient die een myocardinfarct heeft doorgemaakt weer mondhygienisch behandeld worden? Ik ben in de veronderstelling dat dit 6 maanden is. Ik had met de tandartsen een discussie hierover. Zij vinden beiden dat ik wel kan behandelen – ondanks de richtlijnen. Ik durf dit niet aan. Een richtlijn is er immers niet voor niets! Wat als ik het onder hun verantwoordelijkheid het toch doe?
Surgical Management of Peyronie's Disease.

Take Home Message When choosing a management strategy for a patient with Peyronie’s disease (PD), it is critical to consider the phase of the disease, penile plaque characteristics, degree of curvature, associated deformities, stretched penile length, and baseline erectile function. Equally important is an understanding of the patient’s goals and expectations. Treatment cost and duration may also be vital considerations for the patient. In this case, the degree of curvature and large calcified plaque make treatment with intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum unlikely to result in a functionally straight erection despite 6–7 mo of therapy. Conversely, surgery with either penile plication or plaque incision/partial excision and grafting can provide reliable straightening with 0–1 d of hospitalization and approximately 6 wk of recovery. With careful preoperative counseling and joint decision-making, surgical treatment of PD deformity can provide more complete correction in less time and at lower overall costs.