cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective transmission of hepatitis C virus genotypes and quasispecies in humans and experimentally infected chimpanzees.

This study determined whether selective transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) species occurred among human and chimpanzee recipients of contaminated blood products or plasma containing multiple genotypes, subgenotypes and quasispecies. Commercially prepared factor VIII concentrate (lot DO56), produced prior to HCV testing and inactivation, was subsequently found by direct cloning to contain the following subgenotypes: 1a and 1b (73 % of clones), 2a (13 % of clones), 2b (11 % of clones) and 3a (4 % of clones). A patient transfused with factor VIII concentrate DO56 was diagnosed with clinical non-A, non-B hepatitis and subsequently found to be infected with HCV subgenotype 1b. Among five chimpanzees inoculated experimentally with the same factor VIII concentrate, two were infected only with HCV subgenotype 1a and three were infected with approximately equivalent clonal proportions of subgenotypes 1a and 1b. HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) quasispecies analysis of the DO56 factor VIII concentrate and a serum specimen from the single chimpanzee that developed a chronic HCV infection following inoculation with DO56 showed 0–56 % nucleotide variation. However, specimens from chimpanzees infected in the second to fourth passages of the DO56 inoculum had 0–8 % HVR1 quasispecies nucleotide variation. The high HVR1 quasispecies variation in the factor VIII concentrate and its first passage in chimpanzees indicates the presence of multiple HCV isolates, whereas the low variation in the second to fourth chimpanzee passages suggests transmission of a single HCV isolate. These findings strongly suggest selective transmission of HCV isolates during experimental chimpanzee infection and among humans exposed to multiple HCV species.
History-dependent ion transport through conical nanopipettes and the implications in energy conversion dynamics at nanoscale interfaces

The dynamics of ion transport at nanostructured substrate–solution interfaces play vital roles in high-density energy conversion, stochastic chemical sensing and biosensing, membrane separation, nanofluidics and fundamental nanoelectrochemistry. Further advancements in these applications require a fundamental understanding of ion transport at nanoscale interfaces. The understanding of the dynamic or transient transport, and the key physical process involved, is limited, which contrasts sharply with widely studied steady-state ion transport features at atomic and nanometer scale interfaces. Here we report striking time-dependent ion transport characteristics at nanoscale interfaces in current–potential (I–V) measurements and theoretical analyses. First, a unique non-zero I–V cross-point and pinched I–V curves are established as signatures to characterize the dynamics of ion transport through individual conical nanopipettes. Second, ion transport against a concentration gradient is regulated by applied and surface electrical fields. The concept of ion pumping or separation is demonstrated via the selective ion transport against concentration gradients through individual nanopipettes. Third, this dynamic ion transport process under a predefined salinity gradient is discussed in the context of nanoscale energy conversion in supercapacitor type charging–discharging, as well as chemical and electrical energy conversion. The analysis of the emerging current–potential features establishes the urgently needed physical foundation for energy conversion employing ordered nanostructures. The elucidated mechanism and established methodology can be generalized into broadly-defined nanoporous materials and devices for improved energy, separation and sensing applications.
SIZE OF MATURITY IN MALE GOLDEN KING CRAB, LITHODES AEQUISPINUS (ANOMURA: LITHODIDAE)

Abstract Typically ≥90% of the eggs in clutches fertilized by hardshell Prince William Sound Lithodes aequispinus males ≥107 mm carapace length initiated division. Golden king crab males with only one chela and those with post-molt carapaces ≥11 days old were effective parents. Some test males had exclusive access to three ripe females. Their first and second mates all produced viable clutches with 81–100% of eggs exhibiting development. Not all males induced a third female to ovulate. The percentage of eggs initiating division in the clutches of their third potential female mates ranged from 56 to 100%.
A Pattern of Interstation Air Travel

An analysis is made herein of airline travel between large- and medium-sized hubs of airway traffic. It is suggested that, for stations more than 800 miles apart, the number of trips between any tw...
Gendered Racism, Coping, Identity Centrality, and African American College Women’s Psychological Distress

In this study, we examined how engagement and disengagement strategies for coping with discrimination might explain how gendered racism influences psychological distress among 212 African American women enrolled in an institution of higher education. Engagement strategies were coping with discrimination using resistance and education/advocacy. Disengagement coping strategies were detachment from the stressor, internalization/self-blame, and use of drugs and alcohol. In addition, we examined the potential moderating or buffering role of gendered racial identity centrality (i.e., how important being an African American woman is to one’s self-concept) in the links between gendered racism and psychological distress, and between gendered racism and strategies for coping with discrimination. Results from our online survey revealed that both coping with discrimination via detachment and internalization/self-blame uniquely mediated the gendered racism–psychological distress links. In addition, findings from the m...
The Search for a Plural America: Protestant and Enlightenment Authority in American History

A crisis of authority defines modernity. The crisis in the Christian West dates to the Reformation and the church-and-state conflicts based upon the question: whose Christianity? The crisis deepened during the Enlightenment as advances in science, reason, and technology changed the question: Christianity or not? By the 1960s, post-structuralism or postmodernity had posed the very question of authority and asserted competing authorities.
Physician response to implementation of genotype-tailored antiplatelet therapy

Physician responses to genomic information are vital to the success of precision medicine initiatives. We prospectively studied a pharmacogenomics implementation program for the propensity of clinicians to select antiplatelet therapy based on CYP2C19 loss-of-function variants in stented patients. Among 2,676 patients, 514 (19.2%) were found to have a CYP2C19 variant affecting clopidogrel metabolism. For the majority (93.6%) of the cohort, cardiologists received active and direct notification of CYP2C19 status. Over 12 months, 57.6% of poor metabolizers and 33.2% of intermediate metabolizers received alternatives to clopidogrel. CYP2C19 variant status was the most influential factor impacting the prescribing decision (hazard ratio [HR] in poor metabolizers 8.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] [5.4, 12.2] and HR 5.0, 95% CI [4.0, 6.3] in intermediate metabolizers), followed by patient age and type of stent implanted. We conclude that cardiologists tailored antiplatelet therapy for a minority of patients with a CYP2C19 variant and considered both genomic and nongenomic risks in their clinical decision-making.
The Primeval Atom

In Chap. IV of The Primeval Atom, Georges Lemaitre outlined his own theory of cosmogony, contrasting it with those previously conceived by thinkers such as Buffon, Kant and Laplace. Now, in Chap. V, he presents his theory “in deductive form”, explaining in detail its points of contact with modern cosmological observations. As you study this text, consider the question: is Lemaitre’s theory plausible?
Numerical Simulation of Flow in a Dual-Mode Scramjet Combustor

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and hybrid large-eddy simulation / Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes strategies are applied to simulate hydrogen-air combustion in two flow paths (Configurations A and B) being tested at the University of Virginia’s Scramjet Combustion Facility. The flow paths differ in that Configuration B includes a straightwalled section that will eventually be used for laser tomography measurements. NC State’s REACTMB flow solver has been utilized along with Edwards’ LDFSS flux-splitting scheme and a nine-species Jachimowski kinetics model for hydrogen combustion. All RANS calculations were performed using Menter’s shear-stress-transport (SST) turbulence model, while the LES/RANS method utilizes Menter’s baseline (BSL) turbulence model as the RANS component. RANS results indicate that a stable flame is held in the shorter combustor (Configuration A) for equivalence ratios of Ф=0.39 and Ф=0.17 and that the flame is anchored in a subsonic, low-momentum region of the flow located downstream of the ramp injector. Agreement with experimental wall pressure measurements is generally good but some uncertainties relating to the specification of the inflow conditions and the choice of outflow boundary conditions are present. LES/RANS predictions obtained for Configuration B at an equivalence ratio of Ф=0.17 indicate that the flame is anchored at the back plane of the ramp injector. Wall pressure comparisons indicate that the LES/RANS method may under-estimate the level of viscous blockage of the core flow resulting from volumetric expansion of the reacting plume and various shock / boundary layer interactions.
Climacia Areolaris (Hagen) Parasitized by a New Pteromalid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

Specimens of what appear to be a new genus and new species of Pteromalidae have been received for identification from Dr. Harley P. Brown, of the University of Oklahoma. They were observed by him parasitizing nymphs of the neuropteroid, Climacia areolaris (Hagen), at Put-in-Bay, Ohio, during July 1949. A description of the new parasite follows.
Biomechanical Characterization of Sheep Vaginal Wall Tissue: A Potential Application in Human Pelvic Floor Disorders

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a leading women’s health issue affecting a significant portion of the population and has been recently coined as a “silent epidemic”. POP leads to a considerable reduction in women’s quality of life and can cause chronic pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction, and social/psychological issues. The lifetime risk for having surgery for POP is approximately 11% with 200,000 POP procedures performed each year in USA, with an annual direct cost of over $1000 million. Exact etiology of POP is unclear, but it is understood that POP is multi-factorial in nature. Risk factors for POP include increasing age, obesity, multiple vaginal births, gravidity, history of hysterectomy, smoking, chronic cough conditions, frequent heavy lifting, and some genetic factors. POP results due to loss or damage of structural supports that support the pelvic organs (i.e. rectum, bowel, bladder, etc). Vaginal wall prolapse (anterior and posterior) is the most common presentation. This can result from weakening of the levator ani muscle and other connective tissue structures which not only control the mechanical function, but also help support neurological and anatomical function[1].Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Independent Ground Performance Simulation Analysis of UHV Transmission Line Tower Footings

In order to master the independent grounding performance of the UHV transmission line tower footings,guiding the UHV transmission line grounding design,we investigated the typical structure of UHV tower footings and artificial grounding devices,calculated grounding resistance of various tower footings based on CDEGS,and analyzed various factors.The reduction in resistance of the grounding devices was compared,and potential level and distribution characteristics around the tower in the presence and absence of the grounding devices were simulated.The results show that,most types of tower footings meet the requirements of resistance design when soil resistivity is less than 1 000 Ω·m,most grounding footings cannot meet the requirements of resistance design and need artificial grounding devices or secondary resistance reduction measures when soil resistivity is larger.Artificial grounding devices reduce the max potential rise and the surrounding potential difference.The potential distribution with tower footings cannot meet the touch voltage goal expect the soil resistivity is very small.The simulated error are analyzed by comparing with field measurements,the results show that the modeling method is effective and the simulation deviation is within the allowable range.
Tricuspid annuloplasty. Five and one-half years' experience with 78 patients.

From January, 1968, through June, 1973, 78 tricuspid annuloplasties and 90 tricuspid valve replacements were performed in association with mitral or mitral-aortic valve procedures. Tricuspid insufficiency was not recognized preoperatively (either clinically or by cardiac catheterization) in 35 per cent of these patients, a fact which emphasizes the importance of routine digital palpation of the tricuspid valve. The severity of tricuspid disease was roughly comparable in the two groups. The hospital mortality rate was 14 per cent in the annuloplasty group and 34 per cent in the replacement group. Late deaths occurred in 17 and 19 per cent of the two groups, respectively. Sixty-nine per cent of the patients having tricuspid annuloplasty are currently alive, as compared to 45 per cent of the patients having tricuspid valve replacement. Tricuspid insufficiency recurred in 5 patients after annuloplasty and resulted from an inadequate mitral valve procedure or left ventricular failure. The present study suggests that tricuspid annuloplasty is a rapid and reliable means of correcting tricuspid insufficiency and is superior to tricuspid valve replacement.
Diversification in Argentine higher education: Dimensions and impact of private sector growth

Private education is a remarkably dynamic area of change in post-secondary education, particularly in Latin America. Evidence of growth in the number of private institutions and enrollment suggests that higher education is becoming increasingly diversified into two sectors – public and private. While this appears to be true throughout Latin America, and much of the developing world, recent evidence from Argentina casts doubt on the degree to which private sector growth trends may actually translate into a significant increase in the impact of private institutions in higher education, where impact is proxied by the relative share of student enrollment and graduates. This study explores the dimensions and impact of private expansion in Argentina, and places the findings in a comparative (regional) and theoretical framework. The analysis shows that, despite unprecedented growth in the number of private universities, the public sector remains the dominant provider of university education. Private institutions, while certainly more numerous and training a growing number of students, do not account for a larger share of university enrollment. They have, however, developed specific niches (e.g., in graduate level training and in urban areas). Significantly, following a pattern of institutional proliferation found throughout Latin America, some private universities offer elite alternatives to prestigious public institutions. The findings serve to qualify apparent `gains' in private higher education and to underscore the need for further research into the relevant intrasectoral (public and private) dimensions of change in post-secondary education.
Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists and Antianginal Drugs

Abstract This review of the 2015 publications on beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and antianginal drugs covers beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, the potassium channel activator nicorandil, nitroglycerin, and the late sodium channel (INA) inhibitor ranolazine. Highlights include reports of a pityriasis rosea-like reaction with atenolol, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with labetalol, psychosis with metoprolol, gynecomastia with nebivolol, fatal hyperkalemia with concomitant propranolol and succinylcholine, and psychosis with topical timolol. Studies reporting a lack of increased fracture risk of elderly patients on calcium channel blockers coprescribed clarithromycin, reduced vasodilatory side effects and headache with combination nifedipine–candesartan, and lack of hypotension in aortic stenosis patients receiving nitroglycerin are described. Case reports of intractable hyperkalemia from nicorandil, Schamberg's disease with amlodipine, gingival overgrowth with nitrendipine and amlodipine, and T-wave inversions with ranolazine are also included.
High Field 7T In-Vivo and 9.4T Ex-Vivo MRI for Epilepsy Surgery Evaluation (P4.189)

Objective: To improve subtle epileptogenic lesion detection utilizing high field 7T in-vivo and 9.4T ex-vivo MRI. Background: Increased field strength on MRI improves spatial resolution to discern potential morphological changes that are not apparent with 3T MRI. High field 7T MRIs have improved potential epileptogenic lesion detection. Also, more structural information obtained from ultra-high field 9.4T MRIs of resected brain tissue may provide further insight of epileptogenic lesion localization and pathology. Methods: Five patients who underwent temporal lobectomy and 9.4T (ex-vivo) MR images of resected tissues were included in this study. Three patients had 7T MRI (in-vivo) studies preoperatively. After the temporal lobectomy, the tissue was fixed in formalin prior to 9.4T MRI (ex-vivo). The 9.4T images were re-aligned with pre-op 7T and post-op 1.5 or 3T images in order to preserve anatomical orientation. This study was approved by the institution’s IRB and funded by intramural grants. Results: Three lateral temporal cortices (two right and one left temporal) and two right hippocampi were scanned with 9.4T MRI. Two hippocampi were excluded from analysis due to poor signal to noise ratio. Three lateral temporal cortices were analyzed with successful re-alignment of 9.4T pre-op and post-op images. All patients showed abnormal neocortical signal, hippocampal atrophy and/or white matter hemosiderin within the resected temporal lobe using 7T and/or 9.4T MRIs. Histopathology evaluation showed dual pathologies of focal cortical dysplasia and hippocampal sclerosis in all three patients. All patients are seizure free 6-12 months postoperatively. Conclusions: In this pilot study, improved spatial resolution from high field MRIs revealed subtle morphological changes in epileptogenic lesions that were not apparent using 3T MRIs suggesting potential surgical outcome prediction. Disclosure: Dr. Shin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Park has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jewells has nothing to disclose. Dr. An has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hadar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trembath has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shen has nothing to disclose.
Management of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Cancer Patients

Cancer patients commonly require long-term central venous catheters. These catheters are used to repeatedly administer systemic antineoplastic treatments, blood draws, and at times hydration, parental nutrition, blood products, and antibiotics. Long-term retention of central venous catheters, defined as indwelling catheter for greater than 14-day duration, is associated with significant morbidity (Infect Drug Resist 7:25–35, 2014). Most common catheter-related late complications are potentially life-threatening bloodstream infections. While proper placement techniques, standardization of sterile procedures, and improved devices can decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections, every surgical oncologist will, however, still encounter this complication.
Children's Book: Sharks

Animal Adventures: Sharks . By Cynthia Stierle. 2016. Silver Dolphin Books. (ISBN 1626864870). 40pp. Paperback (plus additional items). $21.95. Animal Adventures: Sharks is a sturdy box with a 40-page book, 7-piece diorama, 6 plastic sharks, 4 3-D models, 54 reusable stickers, and 20 fact cards (per publisher), which collectively provide an exciting and tactile foray into the world of sharks for elementary school–aged children. The sheer number and breadth of these components ensures an initial appreciation by the recipient, but some of these elements are more successful than others. The base and background of the diorama cleverly incorporates the high-quality box, …
Eleven-year trends of inpatient pacemaker implantation in patients diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome.

Background Pacemakers (PM) are used for managing sick sinus syndrome (SSS). This study evaluates predictors and trends of PM implantation for SSS. Methods Patients were identified from the National Inpatient Sample dataset (2003-13). Included patients were ≥18 years old, had a diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction and atrial arrhythmia (i.e., SSS). Patients who died, transferred out, who had prior device or had a defibrillator or resynchronization therapy device implanted were excluded. Included patients were then stratified by if a PM was implanted. Data regarding SSS, trends of PM utilization and multivariable models of factors associated with PM implantation are presented. Results 328,670 patients satisfied study criteria. This study compared patients who underwent (87.4%) PM implantation to those who did not undergo (12.6%) PM implantation. The annual trends for hospitalization with SSS and PM placement have been decreasing (p < 0.001). Variables associated with lower likelihood for PM implantation include young age, female sex, non-Caucasian race, chronic heart failure, Charlson Comorbidity Score ≥1, emergency room and weekend admission, hospital stay ≤3 days, and high cardiology inpatient volume. Greater likelihood for PM implantation was associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hospitals that were either private, large, Northeastern location, or with high cardiac procedural volume. Conclusions Analyzing 11-year data from a national inpatient database demonstrate a number of relevant variables that impact PM utilization that include not only clinical but also nonclinical variables such as socioeconomic status, gender, and hospital features. Racial and gender bias toward PM implantation are unchanged and persist through 2013. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Development of Subunit Vaccines That Provide High-Level Protection and Sterilizing Immunity against Acute Inhalational Melioidosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, causes severe disease in humans and animals. Diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis can be challenging, and no licensed vaccines currently exist. Several studies have shown that this pathogen expresses a variety of structurally conserved protective antigens that include cell surface polysaccharides and cell-associated and cell-secreted proteins. Based on those findings, such antigens have become important components of the subunit vaccine candidates that we are currently developing. In the present study, the 6-deoxyheptan capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from B. pseudomallei was purified, chemically activated, and covalently linked to recombinant CRM197 diphtheria toxin mutant (CRM197) to produce CPS-CRM197. Additionally, tandem nickel-cobalt affinity chromatography was used to prepare highly purified recombinant B. pseudomallei Hcp1 and TssM proteins. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with CPS-CRM197 produced high-titer IgG and opsonizing antibody responses against the CPS component of the glycoconjugate, while immunization with Hcp1 and TssM produced high-titer IgG and robust gamma interferon-secreting T cell responses against the proteins. Extending upon these studies, we found that when mice were vaccinated with a combination of CPS-CRM197 and Hcp1, 100% of the mice survived a lethal inhalational challenge with B. pseudomallei Remarkably, 70% of the survivors had no culturable bacteria in their lungs, livers, or spleens, indicating that the vaccine formulation had generated sterilizing immune responses. Collectively, these studies help to better establish surrogates of antigen-induced immunity against B. pseudomallei as well as provide valuable insights toward the development of a safe, affordable, and effective melioidosis vaccine.
Divide and Recombine Approaches for Fitting Smoothing Spline Models with Large Datasets

Spline smoothing is a widely used nonparametric method that allows data to speak for themselves. Due to its complexity and flexibility, fitting smoothing spline models is usually computationally in...
N-of-1 Randomized Intervention Trials in Health Psychology: A Systematic Review and Methodology Critique.

Background Single-patient, multiple cross-over designs (N-of-1 or single-case randomized clinical trials) with systematic data collection on treatment effects may be useful for increasing the precision of treatments in health psychology. Purposes To assess the quality of the methods and statistics, describe interventions and outcomes, and explore the heterogeneity of treatment effect of health psychology N-of-1 trials. Methods We conducted a systematic review of N-of-1 trials from electronic database inception through June 1, 2015. Potentially relevant articles were identified by searching the biomedical electronic databases Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, all six databases in the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, and conference proceedings, dissertations, ongoing studies, Open Grey, and the New York Academy's Grey Literature Report. Studies were included if they had health behavior or psychological outcomes and the order of interventions was randomized. We abstracted study characteristics and analytic methods and used the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials extension for reporting N-of-1 trials as a quality checklist. Results Fifty-four N-of-1 trial publications composed of 1,193 participants were included. Less than half of these (36%) reported adequate information to calculate the heterogeneity of treatment effect. Nearly all (90%) provided some quantitative information to determine the superior treatment; 79% used an a priori statistical cutoff, 12% used a graph, and 10% used a combination. Conclusions N-of-1 randomized trials could be the next major advance in health psychology for precision therapeutics. However, they must be conducted with more methodologic and statistical rigor and must be transparently and fully reported.
Resolving racial ambiguity in social interactions.

Abstract People take longer to categorize racially ambiguous individuals, but does this perceptual complexity also affect social interactions? In Study 1, White participants interacted with a racially ambiguous confederate who was either labeled as biracial Black/White, monoracial Black, or given no racial label. White participants in the biracial condition were significantly less cognitively depleted, less essentialist in their thoughts about race, and exhibited more accurate face memory for their partners than when partner race remained unspecified or was labeled as monoracial Black. Confederate reports and nonverbal behavior in the biracial condition were also more positive. In Study 2, White participants perceived more similarity with a biracial Black/White labeled interaction partner compared to a Black-specified or race-unspecified partner, highlighting for the first time how racial ambiguity and racial labeling affect behavioral outcomes in social interactions.
THE REGULATION OF TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY IN PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS

ABSTRACT The activity of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (E.C. 1.14.16.2, TH) has been measured in extracts of cell suspensions prepared from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma. Incubation of these cells in media containing 56 mM K+, 1 μg/ml cholera toxin, or 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) increases the TH activity in the cells. The activation of TH by cholera toxin is accompanied by a large increase in the cAMP content of the cells, and is not dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast, the activation of TH by 56 mM K+ is dependent upon extracellular Ca2+, and is not accompanied by a change in the cAMP content of the cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that TH activity can be regulated by two distinct pathways, one of which is mediated by cAMP, and the other of which is mediated by Ca2+.
Influence of gestation energy level on the production of Large White x Landrace sows.

Sixty-four Large White x Landrace primiparous sows were utilized to evaluate the influence of feeding 6 vs 9 Mcal ME/d during gestation on reproductive performance. The sows remained on their respective gestation diets for four parities if they successfully farrowed, rebred and conceived. Sows fed 9 Mcal ME/d gained more weight (P less than .05) through the gestation period during parities 1 and 2 and were heavier (P less than .01) on d 110 of gestation for combined parities. Lactation weight loss was greater (P less than .05) for the sows fed 9 Mcal ME/d, resulting in similar weights at weaning. Ultrasonic backfat measurements were greater (P less than .01) on d 110 of gestation for sows fed 9 Mcal ME/d during parity 1 and remained higher (P less than .01) through the fourth-parity gestation. Although sow weaning weights were similar, sows receiving 6 Mcal ME/d scanned less backfat thickness. Gestation treatment significantly affected consumption of a common lactation diet provided ad libitum. Sows fed 6 Mcal ME/d during gestation consumed an average of 22 kg more feed (P less than .01) during lactation than those sows receiving 9 Mcal ME/d. Litter performance as measured by number and weights of pigs born alive and weaned was not altered (P greater than .10) by gestation energy intake. Days to return to estrus and the number of sows remaining in the study for four parities were similar (P greater than .10) between the two treatment groups. The number of farrowings for the four parities totaled 164, with 83 and 81 farrowings for the sows fed 6 and 9 Mcal ME/d, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Honesty and fairness in the residency match.

More prestigious placements for individual residency candidates does not justify turning a blind eye to dishonest behavior during the match.
Purex Diluent Chemical Degradation

The chemical degradation of normal paraffin hydrocarbon (NPH) diluents both in the pure state and mixed with 30% tributyl phosphate (TBP) was investigated in a series of experiments. The results show that degradation of NPH in the TBP-NPH-HNO/sub 3/ system is consistent with the active chemical agent being a radical-like nitrogen dioxide (NO/sub 2/) molecule, not HNO/sub 3/ as such. Spectrophotometric, gas chromatographic, mass spectrographic, and titrimetric methods were used to identify the degradation products, which included alkane nitro and nitrite compounds, alcohols, unsaturated alcohols, nitro alcohols, nitro alkenes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The degradation rate was found to increase with increases in the HNO/sub 3/ concentration and the temperature. The rate was decreased by argon sparing to remove NO/sub 2/ and by the addition of butanol, which probably acts as a NO/sub 2/ scavenger.
Natural Language Processing: Applications in Pediatric Research

We discuss specific biomedical Natural Language Processing-based applications that cover a wide spectrum of use cases within the field of translational and health services research. In our uses cases we focus on four categories of applications: (1) Information Extraction (IE), (2) Document Classification, (3) Patient Classification, and (4) Sentiment Analysis. We show how the extracted information could be used for (a) Phenotype identification, (b) Comparative effectiveness studies, (c) Cohort identification, (d) Meaningful Use, and (e) Linking patients’ phenotype and genotype. In addition, we discuss the use of Natural Language Processing components for de-identification of large collections of patient notes. We review the literature for examples of pediatric natural language processing applications and show the transferability of select adult clinical natural language processing applications to the pediatric population.
Determinants of pesticide concentrations in silicone wristbands worn by Latina adolescent girls in a California farmworker community: The COSECHA youth participatory action study

Abstract Personal exposure to pesticides has not been well characterized, especially among adolescents. We used silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposure in 14 to 16 year old Latina girls (N = 97) living in the agricultural Salinas Valley, California, USA and enrolled in the COSECHA (CHAMACOS of Salinas Examining Chemicals in Homes and Agriculture) Study, a youth participatory action study in an agricultural region of California. We determined pesticide concentrations (ng/g/day) in silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine the presence or absence of over 1500 chemicals. Predictors of pesticide detections and concentrations were identified using logistic regression, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Tobit regression models. The most frequently detected pesticides in wristbands were fipronil sulfide (87%), cypermethrin (56%), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (56%), dacthal (53%), and trans-permethrin (52%). Living within 100 m of active agricultural fields, having carpeting in the home, and having an exterminator treat the home in the past six months were associated with higher odds of detecting certain pesticides. Permethrin concentrations were lower for participants who cleaned their homes daily (GM: 1.9 vs. 6.8 ng/g/day, p = 0.01). In multivariable regression models, participants with doormats in the entryway of their home had lower concentrations (p
A robust image analysis technique for the study of horizontal air-water plug flow

Abstract The current work develops a robust image analysis technique for quantitative measurements in horizontal plug flow. To do this, experiments are performed to capture high-speed videos for horizontal air-water plug flow for two test conditions in a 38.1 mm ID pipe. A visualization block-mirror system is designed and fabricated to allow the simultaneous visualization of two-phase flow from both top and side views using a single camera. To obtain images of high quality for analysis, the angle and position of the camera relative to the visualization block are verified. With the obtained images, an algorithm is developed to detect and track the interface of plug bubbles. Due to the existence of contacting or overlapping small bubbles, additional algorithms are developed to segment the interfaces of plug bubble from those of small bubbles, including distance checking, interface breakpoints detection, and convex curvature segmentation. As a result, the nose position, local time-averaged axial velocity, and area-averaged time-averaged void fraction for plug bubbles can be obtained with this newly developed image analysis technique. To benchmark the newly developed image analysis code, local four-sensor conductivity probe measurements are performed. The axial velocity for plug bubbles generally agrees within ±10% between image analysis technique and the four-sensor conductivity probe measurement technique, while the plug bubble reconstruction approach can generate an area-averaged void fraction within ±10% of the probe measured value.
Corpus linguistics, theoretical linguistics, and cognitive/psycholinguistics: Towards more and more fruitful exchanges

This article discusses my version of corpus linguistics, its relation to what I think are neighboring fields (mainly cognitive and psycholinguistics), how corpus linguistics can and should enter into more mutually beneficial relations with these fields, and the from my perspective most promising contemporary cognitive and psycholinguistic approach that provides a natural point of connection to corpus-based approaches. "Resistance is futile!" (The Borg)
mTBI/Concussion: Assessment and Rehabilitation Strategy and Program Optimization

Abstract Assessment and rehabilitation of mTBI/Concussion has gained recent public and scientific attention. Physical Therapists are presented with unique challenges, due to the multifactorial and heterogenous nature of the malady. Incorporating an objective, evidence-based approach of testing measures and proven rehabilitative techniques, while incorporating a multi-specialty approach, shows positive results. Optimization of an individualized program, tailored to the specific needs of the client appears to be superior in effectiveness to a generalized non-specific intervention program.
Conjugation of Dasatinib with MHI‐148 Has a Significant Advantageous Effect in Viability Assays for Glioblastoma Cells

We hypothesized that conjugation of the near-infrared dye MHI-148 with the anti-leukemia drug dasatinib might produce a potential theranostic for glioblastoma. In fact, the conjugate was found to bind the kinases Src and Lyn, and to inhibit the viability of a glioblastoma cell line with significantly greater potency than dasatinib alone, MHI-148 alone, or a mixture of dasatinib and MHI-148 at the same concentration. It was also used to successfully image a subcutaneous glioblastoma tumor in vivo.
The Association of Donor Cause of Death with Outcomes Post-Heart Transplant

Objective Approximately 3000 orthotopic heart transplants (OHT) occur annually in the United States. Donor selection is a key decision point for patients undergoing transplantation. Donor factors such as age, BMI, left ventricular function, chest trauma, history of hemodynamic compromise, donor-recipient compatibility, and ischemic time have all been associated with post-transplant survival. Few studies have examined donor cause of death (DCOD) and its association with post-transplant outcomes. In this study we examine the association of DCOD with post-transplant primary graft dysfunction (PGD), rejection and survival. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of 40,485 patients captured in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Included in this analysis were adult OHT recipients older than 18 years of age from 1989 to 2017. DCOD was categorized into blunt trauma (BT), cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs), and penetrating trauma (gunshot and stab wounds). Chi square analysis was used to compare baseline characteristics among the three groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the association of DCOD with PGD and acute rejection. The cumulative incidence competing risk method was used for survival analysis. Results Donors had a median age of 31 (interquartile range 22, 43), were predominately Caucasian (69%), and were predominately male 78%. 992 episodes of PGD were observed and occurred more frequently in the CVA group (41% vs BT 38% and penetrating trauma 19%, p 0.03). Univariate analysis showed a higher risk of acute graft failure (HR 1.24, CI 1.19-1.29, P Conclusions DCOD by CVA is associated with an in increased risk of PGD and acute graft failure. Further multivariate analysis is needed.
Outpatient Breastfeeding Champion Program: Breastfeeding Support in Primary Care.

Background: Breastfeeding support offered by trained professionals can increase breastfeeding success. The Outpatient Breastfeeding Champion (OBC) program creates a network of Breastfeeding Champio...
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Rigorous experiments enabling reproducibility are needed to advance the rapidly growing field of robotics more efficiently.
Utility of DNA flow cytometry in distinguishing between malignant and benign intrahepatic biliary lesions

The distinction between well-differentiated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) from its morphological mimics such as bile duct adenoma (BDA) and hamartoma (BDH) can be challenging, particularly in small biopsies. Although a few cases of BDA and BDH have been reported to undergo malignant transformation into iCCA, their neoplastic versus benign nature remains debated. DNA flow cytometry was performed on 47 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of iCCA, 14 BDA, and 18 BDH. Aneuploidy was detected in 22 iCCA (47%) but in none of the 32 BDA and BDH samples. Among the 34 iCCA patients who underwent complete resection and were followed up to tumor recurrence, tumor-related death, or at least for 1 year, the overall recurrence or death rates (regardless of flow cytometric results) were 18, 56, and 71% within 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence or death rates in 18 iCCA patients with aneuploidy were 28, 66, and 66%, respectively, whereas 16 iCCA patients in the setting of normal DNA content had 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates of 6, 44, and 72%, respectively. Although aneuploid tumors were associated with worse outcomes during the first 3 years, this difference was not statistically significant (hazard ratio = 1.4, p = 0.473) in the present sample size. In conclusion, the frequency of aneuploidy was significantly higher in iCCA (47%) than in its benign morphological mimics (0%), suggesting that it may potentially serve as a diagnostic marker of malignancy in challenging situations. Our findings also suggest that most BDAs and BDHs, if not all, are benign entities and may not represent precursor lesions to iCCAs that often harbor aneuploidy. Although a larger cohort will be necessary to further determine the prognostic significance of aneuploidy in iCCA patients after resection, the patients with aneuploid tumors may have a higher risk for tumor progression, especially during the first 3 years.
Giant Liver Hemangiomas: A Plea for Early Surgical Referral and Resection.

Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign hepatic tumor. Current guidelines recommend surveillance imaging and reserving surgical intervention for symptomatic patients with giant liver hemangiomas (>5 cm). We present the case of a patient with a rapidly enlarging giant hepatic hemangioma initially managed by surveillance. During her observation period, she developed weight loss, constipation, and pancytopenia concerning for Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome. Resection of the hemangioma was complicated by its large size ( ). Patients with rapidly growing giant liver hemangiomas, even when asymptomatic, should be promptly referred to specialized surgical centers for evaluation and management.
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis represents a unique pathophysiological condition in which normal-appearing endometrial mucosa resides within myometrium and is thus protected from menstrual shedding. The resulting ectopic presence of endometrial tissue composed of glands and stroma is thought to affect normal contractile function and peristalsis of uterine smooth muscle, causing menometrorrhagia, infertility, and adverse obstetric outcomes. Since the first description of adenomyosis more than 150 years ago, pathologists have studied this lesion by examining tissue specimens, and have proposed multiple explanations to account for its pathogenesis. However, as compared with endometriosis, progress of adenomyosis research has been, at best, incremental mainly due to the lack of standardized protocols in sampling tissue and a lack of consensus diagnostic criteria in pathology practice. Despite these limitations, recent advances in revealing the detailed anatomy and biology of eutopic endometrium offer an unprecedented opportunity to study this common but relatively understudied disorder. Here, we briefly summarize the pathological aspects of adenomyosis from an historical background, and discuss conventional morphology and recent tissue-based molecular studies with a special emphasis on elucidating its tissue of origin from a pathologist's perspective. We also discuss unmet needs in pathology studies that would be important for advancing adenomyosis research.
The City of Poetry: Imagining the Civic Role of the Poet in Fourteenth-Century Italy

What did it mean to be a poet in fourteenth-century Italy? What counted as poetry? In an effort to answer these questions, this book examines the careers of four medieval Italian poets (Albertino Mussato, Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarch, and Giovanni Boccaccio) who wrote in both Latin and the Italian vernacular. In readings of defenses of poetry, speeches and letters on public laurel-crowning ceremonies, and other theoretical and poetic texts, this book shows how these poets viewed their authorship of poetic works as a function of their engagement in a human community. Each poet represents a model of the poet as a public intellectual - a poet-theologian - who can intervene in public affairs thanks to his authority within texts. The City of Poetry provides a new historicized approach to understanding poetic culture in fourteenth-century Italy which reshapes long-standing Romantic views of poetry as a timeless and sublimely inspired form of discourse.
Impacts of simultaneous operating faults on cooling performance of a high efficiency residential heat pump

Abstract Air conditioning systems are known to experience operating faults, often caused by problems in their installation. To understand the impacts of these faults on system-wide performance requires laboratory tests with faults imposed, and many such experimental results have been published. However, it is likely that multiple simultaneous faults occur, but published results from testing with two simultaneous faults are very limited. This paper presents results from a laboratory study of an air-to-air heat pump system with combinations of: refrigerant charge (CH) too high or too low, evaporator airflow (EA), non-condensable gas (NC) in the refrigerant, and liquid line restrictions (LL). It provides the first published results of combinations of three and four simultaneous faults, in addition to previously untested types of double fault combinations. The impacts on cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) are analyzed. COP reductions up to 34% occur within operation safety limits, meaning that such fault combinations would go unnoticed. An additional analysis examines the extent to which the superposition principle applies to combined fault impacts. The superposition principle is shown to have up to 25% error, indicating that there are synergistic effects – and sometimes cancelling effects – in the impacts from fault combinations.
Psychosocial risk and health care utilization in pediatric sickle cell disease.

INTRODUCTION Pain and complications related to pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) are associated with higher health care utilization. In other pediatric chronic conditions, psychosocial screening can help identify children and families at risk of increased health care utilization to guide resource allocation, address treatment needs, and improve care. This study aimed to investigate the utility of psychosocial screening in predicting increased health care utilization among youth with SCD. METHODS Youth with SCD (n = 74, 8-18 years) and their parents were recruited from comprehensive SCD clinics. Parents completed the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT), which categorized family psychosocial risk into one of three categories: Universal (minimal distress), Targeted (elevated distress), and Clinical (persistent distress). Youth reported on their pain characteristics, and health care utilization was extracted from medical chart review. Differences in health care utilization were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and moderation analyses. RESULTS Based on PAT risk, families were categorized into Universal (56.8%), Targeted (29.7%), and Clinical (13.5%) risk groups, with no significant group differences across demographic variables. Patients in the Targeted group reported significantly higher pain frequency than those in the Universal group (F[2, 66] = 3.7, p < .05). The association between pain frequency and health care utilization significantly varied on the basis of psychosocial risk, such that Clinical psychosocial risk strengthened the connection between pain frequency and health care utilization (β = .2, t = 2.1, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Integrating the PAT into routine clinical care may help health care providers identify families in need of greater psychosocial or medical support to further optimize SCD management.