cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Institutional Care and Developmental Outcomes of 6- and 7-year-old Children: A Contextualist Perspective

This paper examines effects of institutional settings on cognitive, affective, and personal development of children. Two samples consisting of 52 children, living in orphanages, and 45 kindergarten...
Disruption of Yeast Forkhead-associated Cell Cycle Transcription by Oxidative Stress

The effects of oxidative stress on yeast cell cycle depend on the stress-exerting agent. We studied the effects of two oxidative stress agents, hydrogen peroxide (HP) and the superoxide-generating agent menadione (MD). We found that two small coexpressed groups of genes regulated by the Mcm1-Fkh2-Ndd1 transcription regulatory complex are sufficient to account for the difference in the effects of HP and MD on the progress of the cell cycle, namely, G1 arrest with MD and an S phase delay followed by a G2/M arrest with HP. Support for this hypothesis is provided by fkh1fkh2 double mutants, which are affected by MD as we find HP affects wild-type cells. The apparent involvement of a forkhead protein in HP-induced cell cycle arrest, similar to that reported for Caenorhabditis elegans and human, describes a potentially novel stress response pathway in yeast.
Casein Composition of Cow's Milk of Different Chymosin Coagulation Properties

Abstract Five good and four poor chymosincoagulating individual cow milk samples were analyzed for casein composition using hydroxyapatite chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to establish possible relationships between casein fractions and differences in coagulation properties. Samples exhibited wide variation in casein composition. Poor chymosincoagulating milk had higher content of γ - and degraded caseins and lower κ - and β -caseins than the good-coagulating milk. One milk sample that did not coagulate 30min after chymosin addition had low α S -casein concentration and an additional major casein fragment (not identified). A substantial peak representing unidentified minor caseins was apparent in a poorcoagulating milk sample, which coagulated early but whose coagulum did not become firm in 30min. Excluding the nonclotting sample, less variability was observed in α S -casein concentrations than in the other casein components.
The Sacred and the Profane: An Analysis of the Rhetoric in David Brower’s Campaign to Save the Grand Canyon

This study examines David Brower’s New York Times advertisements in the 1964–68 Grand Canyon controversy. The essay argues that Brower creates a dichotomy between the sacred and the profane, using both discursive and nondiscursive rhetorical techniques. Such an examination adds to our understanding of rhetoric in environmental controversies and, more generally, to our knowledge of argument by comparison.
Will Regulatory and Financial Considerations Dampen Innovation in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Over a million prosthetic joints are placed in patients in the United States annually. Of those that fail, 25% will be due to infection, with an estimated cost approaching 1 billion dollars. Despite the clinical and economic importance of these infections, the techniques for their detection are relatively insensitive. An innovative method for detecting these infections by using blood culture bottles (BCB) to culture specimens of periprosthetic tissue (PPT) was described in a recent article [T. N. Peel, et al., mBio 7(1):e01776-15, 2016, doi:10.1128/mBio.01776-15]. There are two potential stumbling blocks to the widespread implementation of this innovation. First, the FDA judges such an application of BCB as an "off-label use" and as such, a laboratory-developed test (LDT). LDTs are coming under greater scrutiny by the FDA and may require extensive, costly validation studies in laboratories that adopt this methodology. Second, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services has established a Hospital Acquired Condition Reduction Act under which institutions performing in the lowest quartile forfeit 1% of their Medicare reimbursement. Hospital-acquired infections are an important component of this quality metric. Although prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates are not currently a hospital quality metric, given their cost and increasing frequency, it is reasonable to expect that they may become one. Will those with financial oversight allow an innovative technique that will require an expensive validation and may put the institution at risk for loss of CMS reimbursement?
Nicastrin guards Alzheimer’s gate

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by protein deposits of amyloid-β as plaques in the brain (1). The suite of enzymes that produce amyloid-β by cutting it out of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) have long been considered to be prime targets for therapeutic intervention. Converting this promise into reality, however, continues to be stalled by a series of obstacles, including an inaccurate and incomplete understanding of the underlying enzyme mechanisms (2). This challenge has been especially daunting for the multisubunit γ-secretase enzyme that lies embedded in the cell membrane, and ultimately delivers the final intramembrane cut that liberates amyloid-β. In PNAS, Bolduc et al. (3) have now added an unexpected new piece to the γ-secretase puzzle: Nicastrin, the largest component of the γ-secretase complex, functions as a “gatekeeper” that physically blocks large proteins from entering the enzyme’s catalytic center and being cut inappropriately. γ-Secretase was originally defined by its role in APP processing, but deeper study revealed it to be an enzymatic “hub” that processes scores of different cell surface proteins (4, 5). The most consequential is the Notch receptor: The effect of blocking γ-secretase activity is accounted for by genetic KO of Notch signaling alone (6). In fact, cleavage of Notch by γ-secretase is itself the trigger that completes a communication circuit between cells that is important during embryonic development and in rapidly renewing adult tissues. Specificity of this communication cascade, therefore, absolutely relies on γ-secretase reliably distinguishing activated from resting Notch receptors. The medical repercussions of this deceptively simple choice loom large: Loss of Notch cleavage is incompatible with life, whereas excess cleavage is implicated in cancer (7). Ultimately, ligand binding to the Notch receptor leads to a series of rearrangements that result in cutting away of the extracellular portion (“ectodomain”) of Notch (8, 9). The … [↵][1]1Email: surban{at}jhmi.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Overexpression of the major vault transporter protein lung-resistance protein predicts treatment outcome in acute myeloid leukemia

The monoclonal antibody LRP56 recognizes a 110-kD major vault protein (lung-resistance protein [LRP]) overexpressed in several P-glycoprotein-negative (Pgp-), multidrug resistant tumor cell lines. To determine the frequency of LRP overexpression, its prognostic significance, and its relation to Pgp, we analyzed bone marrow specimens from 87 consecutive patients with acute leukemia. Diagnoses included de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 21 patients), leukemia arising from an antecedent hematologic disorder or prior cytotoxic therapy (secondary AML; 27 patients), AML in relapse (29 patients), and blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BP; 10 patients). A granular cytoplasmic staining pattern was detected by immunocytochemistry in 32 (37%) cases, including 7 (33%) de novo AML, 13 (48%) secondary AML, 11 (38%) relapsed AML, and 1 of 10 CML-BP. Among 66 evaluable patients with AML, LRP overexpression was associated with an inferior response to induction chemotherapy (P = .0017). Remissions were achieved in 35% of LRP+ patients as compared with 68% of LRP- patients. Although Pgp adversely affected response in univariate analysis (P = .0414), only LRP had independent prognostic significance when compared in a logistic regression model (P = .0046). Differences in remission duration (P = .075) and overall survival (P = .058) approached significance only for LRP. Sequential specimens from remitting patients receiving treatment with the Pgp modulator cyclosporin-A showed emergence of the LRP phenotype despite a decrease or loss of Pgp at the time of treatment failure (P =.0304). Significant associations were observed between LRP and age greater than 55 years (P = .017), Pgp (P = .040), and prior treatment with mitoxantrone (P = .020) but not with CD34. These findings indicate that overexpression of the novel transporter protein LRP is an important predictor of treatment outcome in AML.
Raman scattering and anomalous Stokes–anti-Stokes ratio in MoTe2 atomic layers

Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering are performed on atomic layers of hexagonal molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2), a prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductor. The data reveal all six types of zone center optical phonons, along with their corresponding Davydov splittings, which have been challenging to see in other TMDCs. We discover that the anti-Stokes Raman intensity of the low energy layer-breathing mode becomes more intense than the Stokes peak under certain experimental conditions, and find the effect to be tunable by excitation frequency and number of atomic layers. These observations are interpreted as a result of resonance effects arising from the C excitons in the vicinity of the Brillouin zone center in the photon-electron-phonon interaction process.
Synthesis and characterization of polycaprolactone urethane hollow fiber membranes as small diameter vascular grafts

The design of bioresorbable synthetic small diameter (<6mm) vascular grafts (SDVGs) capable of sustaining long-term patency and endothelialization is a daunting challenge in vascular tissue engineering. Here, we synthesized a family of biocompatible and biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) urethane macromers to fabricate hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) as SDVG candidates, and characterized their mechanical properties, degradability, hemocompatibility, and endothelial development. The HFMs had smooth surfaces and porous internal structures. Their tensile stiffness ranged from 0.09 to 0.11N/mm and their maximum tensile force from 0.86 to 1.03N, with minimum failure strains of approximately 130%. Permeability varied from 1 to 14×10(-6)cm/s, burst pressures from 1158 to 1468mmHg, and compliance from 0.52 to 1.48%/100mmHg. The suture retention forces ranged from 0.55 to 0.81N. HFMs had slow degradation profiles, with 15 to 30% degradation after 8weeks. Human endothelial cells proliferated well on the HFMs, creating stable cell layer coverage. Hemocompatibility studies demonstrated low hemolysis (<2%), platelet activation, and protein adsorption. There were no significant differences in the hemocompatibility of HFMs in the absence and presence of endothelial layers. These encouraging results suggest great promise of our newly developed materials and biodegradable elastomeric HFMs as SDVG candidates.
Dynamic online peer evaluations to improve group assignments in nursing e-learning environment

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of online peer evaluation forms for online group activities in improving group project outcomes. Design The investigator developed and used a web-based Google Forms® self and peer evaluation form of 2 group assignments' rubric for junior and senior nursing students. The form covered elements of the assignments including: research activity, analysis of the literature, writing of report, participation in making of presentation, overall contribution to the project, and participation in the weekly group discussions. Items were rated from 1 (did not contribute) to 5 (outstanding contribution) in addition to NA when one activity did not apply. Procedure The self and peer evaluation process was conducted twice: once after group assignment 1 and once after group assignment 2. The group assignments final products were done in the form of VoiceThread online presentations that were shared with the rest of the class reflecting the groups' work on a health informatics topic of interest. Data sources Data collected as the students completed self and peer evaluations for group assignments 1 and 2. Also, optional comments regarding member performance were collected to add contextual information in addition to ratings. Students received credit for completing the peer evaluations and the grade for the particular assignment was affected by their performance based on peer evaluations of their contributions. Results Students' peer evaluations showed in a color-coded spreadsheet which enabled the course faculty to view real time results of students' ratings after each assignment. The faculty provided timely and tailored feedback to groups or individuals as needed, using positive feedback and commending high performance while urging struggling individual students and groups to improve lower ratings in specific areas. Comparing evaluations of both assignments, there were statistically significant improvements among all students. The mean scores of the entire sample were skewed toward the higher end of the scale, suggesting an overall high performance group. However, analysis of the lower performing individuals showed consistent and statistically significant improvements in all areas of the evaluation criteria. Conclusions Anonymous peer evaluation activities and timely faculty feedback in e-Learning environment can be a useful tool to faculty to improve group performance over time by engaging the learners within their groups. Peer evaluations provided real time view of group mid-semester formative evaluations that allowed the faculty to provide timely and tailored feedback on student performance which allowed for better outcomes.
Sensor Placement Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Modeling of a Cylinder Wake

The effectiveness of a sensor configuration for feedback flow control on the wake of a circular cylinder is investigated in both direct numerical simulation as well as in a water tunnel experiment. The research program is aimed at suppressing the von Karman vortex street in the wake of a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100. The design of sensor number and placement was based on data from a laminar direct numerical simulation of the Navier Stokes equations for the unforced condition. A low-dimensional Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) was applied to the vorticity calculated from the flow field and sensor placement was based on the intensity of the resulting spatial eigenfunctions. The numerically generated data was comprised of 70 snapshots taken from the steady state regime. A Linear Stochastic Estimator (LSE) was employed to map the velocity data to the temporal coefficients of the reduced order model. The capability of the sensor configuration to provide accurate estimates of the four low-dimensional states was validated experimentally in a water tunnel at a Reynolds number of 108. For the experimental wake, a sample of 200 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements was used. Results show that for experimental data, the root mean square estimation error of the estimates of the first two modes was within 6% of the desired values and for the next 2 modes was within 20% of the desired values. This level of error is acceptable for a moderately robust controller.
Regio- and stereoselective syntheses of the natural product CCR5 antagonist anibamine and its three olefin isomers.

The syntheses of the natural product anibamine and its three olefin isomers have been achieved concisely and efficiently via highly regio- and stereoselective reactions. The crucial steps included a regioselective palladium-catalyzed alkynylation by Sonogashira coupling and a stereoselective Suzuki coupling. Further conformation analyses and in vitro calcium mobilization studies were carried out to characterize the compounds’ biological properties.
Retrospective age-of-onset and projected lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among U.S. Army National Guard soldiers.

Abstract Background The study of military-related mental health has been disproportionately focused on current symptomology rather than potentially more informative life course mental health. Indeed, no study has assessed age-of-onset and projected lifetime prevalence of disorders among reservists. Methods Age-of-onset and projected lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders were assessed in 671 Ohio Army National Guard soldiers aged 17–60 years. Between 2008 and 2012, face-to-face clinical assessments and surveys were conducted using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Results Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 61%. Alcohol abuse/dependence (44%) and major depressive disorder (23%) were the most common disorders. The majority (64%) of participants reported disorders antedating enlistment. Median age-of-onset varied with anxiety disorders – particularly phobias and OCD – having the earliest (median=15 years) and mood disorders the latest median age-of-onset (median=21 years). Limitations The study was limited by both the retrospective investigation of age-of-onset and the location of our sample. As our sample may not represent the general military population, our findings need to be confirmed in additional samples. Conclusions Each psychiatric disorder exhibited a distinct age-of-onset pattern, such that phobias and OCD onset earliest, substance use disorders onset during a short interval from late-adolescence to early-adulthood, and mood disorders onset the latest. Our finding that the majority of participants reported disorders antedating enlistment suggests that an assessment of lifetime psychopathology is essential to understanding the mental health burden of both current and former military personnel.
60-P : RESULTS OF PROTOCOLIZED POST-TRANSPLANT DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODY (DSA) MONITORING IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: THE EXPERIENCE AT THE MAYO CLINIC IN ARIZONA

Aim The aim of this study was to analyze and catalogue de novo DSA development patterns in kidney transplant recipients who were tested in a protocol-driven manner. Methods Pre- and post-transplant antibody screening data from patients who underwent a kidney alone transplant between July 2010 and January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. DSA monitoring was routinely performed on all patients at months one, four, and 12 post-transplant. All antibody screening was performed using the single antigen bead assay (One Lambda). Patients were excluded from the study if they experienced early graft loss for non-immunologic causes. Results A total of 505 patients received a kidney alone transplant, and 472 met criteria for inclusion in the study. Approximately 48% of recipients were found to have anti-HLA antibody (38% class I; 29% class II), and 10.5% had DSA at >1,000 MFI prior to the transplant. Of these, 3.1% had class I antibodies and 8.1% had class II antibodies. Of 412 (87%) recipients tested at one month post-transplant, 30 (7.3%) were found to have one to three DSAs (3.2% class I; 4.9% class II) ranging from 1,006 to 11,700 MFI (median = 2,123 MFI). Of 370 (78%) recipients tested at month four, 27 (7.3%) had one to eight DSAs (2.3% class I and 4.9% class II) ranging from 1,019 to 13,679 MFI (median = 1,906 MFI). At month 12, 248 (53%) recipients were tested, and 24 (9.6%) had one to seven DSAs (2.8% class I and 7.7% class II) ranging from 1,053 to 14,618 MFI (median = 2,050 MFI). Conclusions The overall rate of de novo DSA development in our patient cohort was approximately 10%. Class II antibodies developed more commonly than class I antibodies at during the first year post transplant (2.5% vs 7.7%, respectively), and they appear to increase in frequency and number over that timeframe. This observation could not be explained by DR mismatch in our patient cohort, and this may indicate that mismatches at other HLA class II region loci contribute to the development of de novo DSAs.
Preventing Central Line Air Embolism

The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, birthing centers, and abortion facilities must file information on incidents and serious events.Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafetyauthority.org. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on "Patient Safety Advisories" and then "Advisory Library" in the left-hand navigation menu.
Quantitative assessment of the effects of water proton concentration and water T1 changes on amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) MRI: The origin of the APT imaging signal in brain tumor.

Purpose To quantify pure chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (CEST) related amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) signals in a rat glioma model and to investigate the mixed effects of water content and water T1 on APT and NOE imaging signals. Methods Eleven U87 tumor-bearing rats were scanned at 4.7 T. A relatively accurate mathematical approach, based on extrapolated semisolid magnetization-transfer reference signals, was used to remove the concurrent effects of direct water saturation and semisolid magnetization-transfer. Pure APT and NOE signals, in addition to the commonly used magnetization-transfer-ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm, MTRasym (3.5ppm), were assessed. Results The measured APT signal intensity of the tumor (11.06%, much larger than the value reported in the literature) was the major contributor (approximately 80.6%) to the MTRasym (3.5ppm) contrast between the tumor and the contralateral brain region. Both the water content ([water proton]) and water T1 (T1w ) were increased in the tumor, but there were no significant correlations among APT, NOE, or MTRasym (3.5ppm) signals and T1w /[water proton]. Conclusion The effect of increasing T1w on the CEST signal in the tumor was mostly eliminated by the effect of increasing water content, and the observed APT-weighted hyperintensity in the tumor should be dominated by the increased amide proton concentration. Magn Reson Med 77:855-863, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
[Parker's and Jackson's sarcoma. Contribution of MRI].

Le sarcome de Parker et Jackson est un lymphome osseux primitif des cellules avec marqueurs des lymphocytes-B. Dans notre observation, l'IRM de cette tumeur etait remarquable avec hypointensite dans les sequences en ponderation T1 et T2. Ces signaux par IRM sont differents de ceux des autres tumeurs malignes des petites cellules rondes, et peuvent etre caracteristiques du sarcome de Parker et Jackson
Assessment of port-related air quality impacts: geographic analysis of population

Increased global trade has led to greater transportation by rail, road and ships to move cargo. Based upon multiple near-road and near-source monitoring studies, the busy roadways and large emission sources at ports may impact local air quality within several hundred metres of the ports. Health effects have been associated with near-road exposures and proximity to large emission sources, so characterising emission sources is important for understanding potential health effects. To address this need, we have developed a new community-scale tool called C-PORT to model emissions related to all port-area activities and predict concentrations of multiple criteria and hazardous air pollutants at fine spatial scales in the near-source environment. We present a geographical information system analysis of areas surrounding five US ports (Ports of New York and New Jersey, Virginia, Savannah, Miami, and Houston) to determine potential sources of concern related to freight transport and demographics of the near-source population that could be affected.
Distributed Decentralized Domain Name Service

We present D3NS, a system to replace the current top level DNS system and certificate authorities, offering increased scalability, security and robustness. D3NS is based on a distributed hash table and utilizes a domain name ownership system based on the Bitcoin blockchain. It addresses previous criticism that a DHT would not suffice as a DNS replacement. D3NS provides solutions to current DNS vulnerabilities such as DDOS attacks, DNS spoofing and censorship by local governments. D3NS eliminates the need for certificate authorities by providing a decentralized authenticated record of domain name ownership. Unlike previous DNS replacement proposals, D3NS is reverse compatible with DNS and allows for incremental implementation within the current system.
Gunshot Wounds to the Male External Genitalia

AbstractWe report on 23 patients with genital gunshot wounds treated since 1977. Of these 23 patients 16 received 1 shot and 7 received multiple shots. The bullet affected the scrotum in 12 patients, the penis in 4, and the penis and scrotum in the remaining 7. The same missile also compromised the thigh in 15 patients, with major vascular damage in 2. Management was based on serial clinical evaluation and aggressive imaging, related to the missile trajectory. Staging studies were 100% accurate in the patients in whom they were done.Nine patients had damage to the testis (7, 1 bilaterally) and/or spermatic cord (2): 5 required orchiectomy, in 3 the testis was repaired and in 2 the bullet transected the vas, which was ligated with nonabsorbable suture for later repair. Six patients had damage to the corpora, which were repaired. Three patients had urethral rupture (bulbar in 2 and penile in 1): primary repair was feasible in 2 and in 1 (with extensive urethral loss after a shotgun blast) a suprapubic tube ...
The Route Less Taken: The Homegrown Los Alamos Integrated Computer Network

Between the 1970s and 1990s, Los Alamos National Laboratory built and utilized a largely custom computer network for the Lab’s supercomputers. Designed to support the unusual performance, storage, and security requirements of an American weapons lab, the Los Alamos Integrated Computer Network, as the focus of historical study, complicates and enriches the history of computer networking development, exploring the approaches and contributions to computer networking of an institution outside the better-known worlds of industry, academia, and the military. For example, the Lab’s reticence to adopt TCP/IP due to performance and security concerns further complicates the narrative of the ARPANET/Internet protocol suite’s adoption among advanced networking sites in the 1980s and 90s.
Repair of a subscapular tear in a 13-year-old boy.

Subscapular tendon tears in the skeletally immature patient are rare. Accurate diagnosis through clinical examination and imaging studies promotes early repair, allowing the young patient to return to activities.
What is Foreign Relations Law

This draft first chapter of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law considers what is potentially encompassed by the term “foreign relations law,” and what it might mean to think about it as a distinct field of law that can be compared and contrasted across national jurisdictions. The chapter begins by outlining some differences between foreign relations law and international law. It then describes the development of foreign relations law as a field of study within the United States and considers why, at least until recently, it has not been treated as a field in most other countries. Finally, the chapter highlights a central question for foreign relations law, which is the extent to which it (or at least some parts or elements of it) should be treated differently than other types of domestic law — a debate referred to in the United States as one over “foreign affairs exceptionalism.”
The Neuropeptide Tac2 Controls a Distributed Brain State Induced by Chronic Social Isolation Stress

Chronic social isolation causes severe psychological effects in humans, but their neural bases remain poorly understood. 2 weeks (but not 24 hr) of social isolation stress (SIS) caused multiple behavioral changes in mice and induced brain-wide upregulation of the neuropeptide tachykinin 2 (Tac2)/neurokinin B (NkB). Systemic administration of an Nk3R antagonist prevented virtually all of the behavioral effects of chronic SIS. Conversely, enhancing NkB expression and release phenocopied SIS in group-housed mice, promoting aggression and converting stimulus-locked defensive behaviors to persistent responses. Multiplexed analysis of Tac2/NkB function in multiple brain areas revealed dissociable, region-specific requirements for both the peptide and its receptor in different SIS-induced behavioral changes. Thus, Tac2 coordinates a pleiotropic brain state caused by SIS via a distributed mode of action. These data reveal the profound effects of prolonged social isolation on brain chemistry and function and suggest potential new therapeutic applications for Nk3R antagonists.
Translation-Invariant De-Noising

De-Noising with the traditional (orthogonal, maximally-decimated) wavelet transform sometimes exhibits visual artifacts; we attribute some of these—for example, Gibbs phenomena in the neighborhood of discontinuities—to the lack of translation invariance of the wavelet basis. One method to suppress such artifacts, termed “cycle spinning” by Coifman, is to “average out” the translation dependence. For a range of shifts, one shifts the data (right or left as the case may be), De-Noises the shifted data, and then unshifts the de-noised data. Doing this for each of a range of shifts, and averaging the several results so obtained, produces a reconstruction subject to far weaker Gibbs phenomena than thresholding based De-Noising using the traditional orthogonal wavelet transform.
January 1971–June 1971

This chapter presents a case history of Genie's condition during January 1971–June 1971. As of January 1971, Genie appeared to have a small receptive vocabulary and an even smaller productive vocabulary. Her spontaneous productive vocabulary included the terms stopit and nomore. During the months from January through June of 1971, Genie changed socially as well. She began to differentiate the adults around her and to develop closer dependent relationships with some of the hospital staff. She began to differentiate affect and respond more appropriately. Physically, socially, and emotionally, Genie was changing, growing, developing, and beginning to realize a small portion of her human potential. Genie was developing cognitively and intellectually as well. Her visibly increasing cognitive awareness and functioning were reflected in her test performances, even though testing Genie was extremely difficult and not comparable to testing a normal child in many ways. As her receptive vocabulary grew, her productive vocabulary increased as well.
ME-Class2 reveals context dependent regulatory roles for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.

Since the discovery of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as a prominent DNA modification found in mammalian genomes, an emergent question has been what role this mark plays in gene regulation. 5hmC is hypothesized to function as an intermediate in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and in the reactivation of silenced promoters and enhancers. Further, weak positive correlations are observed between gene body 5hmC and gene expression. We previously demonstrated that ME-Class is an effective tool to understand relationships between whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data and expression. In this work, we present ME-Class2, a machine-learning based tool to perform integrative 5mCG, 5hmCG and expression analysis. Using ME-Class2 we analyze whole-genome single-base resolution 5mCG and 5hmCG datasets from 20 primary tissue and cell samples to reveal relationships between 5hmCG and expression. Our analysis indicates that conversion of 5mCG to 5hmCG within 2 kb of the transcription start site associates with distinct functions depending on the summed level of 5mCG + 5hmCG. Unchanged levels of 5mCG + 5hmCG (conversion from 5mCG to stable 5hmCG) associate with repression. Meanwhile, decreases in 5mCG + 5hmCG (5hmCG-mediated demethylation) associate with gene activation. Our results demonstrate that ME-Class2 will prove invaluable to interpret genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC datasets and guide mechanistic studies into the function of 5hmCG.
Abstract P380: Validity and Reliability of Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement in a Seated Posture

Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that prolonged sitting may have adverse effects on vascular health. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a simple measurement of vascular stiffness that would b...
Digital Expressionism and Christopher Wheeldon’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland: What Contemporary Choreographers Can Learn from Early Twentieth-Century Modernism

How can classical ballet adapt to a world that is in an ever more rapid state of flux? By uncovering an example of the kind of interdisciplinary artistic collaboration that contributed to the thriving artistic environment of the early twentieth century, a model for artistic success emerges. By examining modernism and Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes in relation to Christopher Wheeldon’s groundbreaking 2011 ballet Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, a correlation between the success of the Ballets Russes and the success of Wheeldon is exposed. I argue that by applying the modernist practice of interdisciplinary interaction to his own productions, Wheeldon has equipped ballet to survive in a dramatically changing artistic world, reach a wider audience, and, as Ezra Pound put it nearly eighty years ago, “make it new.” The time is 8:30pm on May 29th, 1913. Dressed in elegant evening gowns and flaunting their finest top hats, the most fashionable Parisians, international travelers, critics, writers, artists, and musicians have taken their seats in the new Theâtre des Champs-Elysees in Paris, France. In fifteen minutes, the curtain will open on one of the most anticipated performances Paris has seen since the arrival of the Russian Ballet in 1909—the premiere of the Ballets Russes’s Le sacre du printemps. Throughout the months, days, and moments preceding the premiere, Paris has been rife with anticipatory excitement and buzzing with rumors of an unprecedented artistic collaboration: Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes and co-founder of the Russian art magazine Mir iskusstva (World of Art), is planning a daring collaboration with Igor Stravinsky, Vaslav Nijinsky, and Nicholas Roerich. Stravinsky is composing an original score that calls for a huge, ninety-nineplayer orchestra. Nijinsky has the near impossible task of choreographing dances that will complement Stravinsky’s polyrhythmic, dissonant composi-
AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System: The Relationship Between Injury Morphology, Admission Injury Severity, and Long-Term Neurologic Outcome.

Objective The AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System was introduced to improve communication, clinical management, and research. Here, the system was studied in relation to injury severity along with admission and long term neurologic follow-up. Methods A retrospective study was performed in subaxial cervical spine injury patients. Morphology was classified using the AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System. Six major morphology subtypes were selected for analysis. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor and Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) scores were recorded at admission and at follow-up >6 months. Admission intramedullary lesion length (IMLL) on MRI was recorded. Results In all, 82 patients met criteria for analysis. The mean follow-up time was 11 months (range, 6–33 months). The were 36 patients with morphology subtypes A0, 4 with A1/A2, 9 with A3/A4, 8 with B2, 11 with B3, and 14 with C. The A1/2 subtype had the least severe injuries on admission. The C and A3/A4 subtypes had the most severe injuries. The subtype C had the lowest ASIA Motor Score (AMS) and second highest percentage of complete injuries. A3/A4 patients had the highest percentage of complete injuries on admission. At follow-up, A3/A4 patients had the lowest AMS, and 33% of patients continued to have complete injuries. C subtype injuries all converted to AIS incomplete injuries on follow-up (P = 0.04). IMLL was found to be significantly different compared across multiple morphologic subtypes. Surgical management for each morphology subtype was reported. Conclusion The AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System successfully associated injury morphology with IMLL along with admission and long-term neurologic function and recovery.
Development and Validation of the College Social–Emotional Crossroads Inventory:

The purpose of this study was to develop and provide initial validity evidence for the College Social–Emotional Crossroads Inventory (C-SECI). A sample (N = 751) of undergraduate students was rando...
Assessment of engine combustion network recommendations for measurement of ignition and lift-off length:

The engine combustion network recommends two different imaging-based diagnostics for the measurement of diesel spray ignition delay and lift-off length, respectively. To measure ignition delay, hig...
Methods for Enrichment and Assignment of N-Acetylglucosamine Modification Sites.

Abstract O-GlcNAcylation, the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine residue to serine and threonine residues of cytoplasmic, nuclear, or mitochondrial proteins, is a widespread regulatory posttranslational modification. It is involved in the response to nutritional status and stress, and its dysregulation is associated with diseases ranging from Alzheimer’s to diabetes. Although the modification was first detected over 35 years ago, research into the function of O-GlcNAcylation has accelerated dramatically in the last 10 years owing to the development of new enrichment and mass spectrometry techniques that facilitate its analysis. This article summarizes methods for O-GlcNAc enrichment, key mass spectrometry instrumentation advancements, particularly those that allow modification site localization, and software tools that allow analysis of data from O-GlcNAc-modified peptides.
Beyond calorie restriction: aging as a biological target for nutrient therapies

Arguably, the most important discovery in the biology of aging to date was that simply reducing food intake extended life and improved many aspects of health in a diversity of animal species. The conventional wisdom that emerged from first 50 years of rodent food restriction studies included (1) that the longevity impact of restriction was greater the longer restriction was imposed, and (2) that restricting calories rather than any specific macronutrient was critical to its health and longevity benefits. However these assumptions began to crumble as more and more restriction research was performed on other species besides laboratory rodents. Recent investigations of flies, rodents, monkeys, and increasingly humans, has begun to parse how calorie restriction, protein restriction, intermittent fasting, and the temporal pattern of eating all impact the health benefits of food restriction. Fly research continues to inform, as it has repeatedly shown that genotype, age, sex, duration, and tempo restriction all affect the health impact. Ultimately, optimizing human diets will require a personalized approach using omics approaches.
Monitoring COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of social media using natural language processing and machine learning.

It has been over a year since the first known case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged, yet the pandemic is far from over. To date, the coronavirus pandemic has infected over eighty million people and has killed more than 1.78 million worldwide. This study aims to explore “how useful is Reddit social media platform to surveil COVID-19 pandemic?” and “how do people’s concerns/behaviors change over the course of COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina?”. The purpose of this study was to compare people’s thoughts, behavior changes, discussion topics, and the number of confirmed cases and deaths by applying natural language processing (NLP) to COVID-19 related data. In this study, we collected COVID-19 related data from 18 subreddits of North Carolina from March to August 2020. Next, we applied methods from natural language processing and machine learning to analyze collected Reddit posts using feature engineering, topic modeling, custom named-entity recognition (NER), and BERT-based (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) sentence clustering. Using these methods, we were able to glean people’s responses and their concerns about COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina. We observed a positive change in attitudes towards masks for residents in North Carolina. The high-frequency words in all subreddit corpora for each of the COVID-19 mitigation strategy categories are: Distancing (DIST)—“social distance/distancing”, “lockdown”, and “work from home”; Disinfection (DIT)—“(hand) sanitizer/soap”, “hygiene”, and "wipe"; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)—“mask/facemask(s)/face shield”, “n95(s)/kn95”, and “cloth/gown”; Symptoms (SYM)—“death”, “flu/influenza”, and “cough/coughed”; Testing (TEST)—“cases”, “(antibody) test”, and “test results (positive/negative)”. The findings in our study show that the use of Reddit data to monitor COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina (NC) was effective. The study shows the utility of NLP methods (e.g. cosine similarity, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, custom NER and BERT-based sentence clustering) in discovering the change of the public's concerns/behaviors over the course of COVID-19 pandemic in NC using Reddit data. Moreover, the results show that social media data can be utilized to surveil the epidemic situation in a specific community.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Model to Identify Patients With an Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm.

Background Screening protocols do not exist for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs). A risk prediction algorithm may aid targeted screening of patients with an undiagnosed ATAA to prevent a...
Intersections of Critical Systems Thinking and Community Based Participatory Research in Developing a Web Site for Autistic Adults

Critical systems thinking (CST) and community based participatory research (CBPR) are distinct approaches to inquiry which share a primary commitment to holism and human emancipation, as well as common grounding in critical theory and emancipatory and pragmatic philosophy. This paper explores their intersections and complements on a historical, philosophical, and theoretical level, and then proposes a hybrid approach achieved by applying CBPR's principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice to traditional systems thinking frameworks and practices. This hybrid approach is illustrated in practice with examples drawn from of the implementation of the learning organization model in an action research setting with the Autistic community. Our experience of being able to actively attend to, and continuously equalize, power relations within an organizational framework that otherwise has great potential for reinforcing power inequity suggests CBPR's principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice could be useful in CST settings, and CST's vocabulary, methods, and clarity around systems thinking concepts could be valuable to CBPR practioners.
Adropin Enhances Glucose Disposal and Cardiovascular Function in Rats (LB761)

Adropin, a hormone encoded by the Energy Homeostasis Associated gene, has been demonstrated in mice to enhance glucose tolerance (Cell Metabolism 8:468, 2008) and in cultured, human endothelial cel...
Drawing clocks and driving cars.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine whether a new method of scoring the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a reliable and valid method for identifying older adults with declining driving competence.
Structure-Dependent Viscoelastic Properties of C(9)-Alkanethiol Monolayers

Quartz crystal microbalance techniques and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry are used to probe the structure-dependent intrinsic viscoelastic properties of self-assembled CH{sub 3}(CH{sub 2}){sub 8}SH alkanethiol monolayer adsorbed from the gas phase onto Au(111)-textured substrates. Physisorbed molecules, mixed chemisorbed-fluid/solid phases and solid-phase domain boundaries make sequentially dominant contributions to the measured energy dissipation in the growing monolayer. Deviations from Langmuir adsorption kinetics reveal a precursor-mediated adsorption channel. These studies reveal the impact of structural heterogeneity in tribological studies of monolayer lubricants.
Partial Resolution of the Enzymes Catalyzing Photophosphorylation: VI. Interaction of Coupling Factor 1 from Chloroplasts with a New Coupling Factor for Photophosphorylation

Abstract 1. The ATPase activity of coupling factor 1 from chloroplasts (CF1) after treatment with dithiothreitol was inhibited on addition of CF1-depleted chloroplasts. This inhibition was used as an assay for components of the chloroplast membrane which interact with CF1. 2. The chloroplast membrane contains at least two components that interact with CF1. One component appears to be a lipid which is destroyed by freezing in salt solution. The other component is a protein, which can be extracted from chloroplasts with 0.4 m ammonium hydroxide. 3. The soluble protein component (CF2) inhibits the dithiothreitol-activated ATPase of CF1. CF2 is heat-labile and sensitive to trypsin. CF2 stimulates photophosphorylation in chloroplasts that have been exposed to trypsin.
AbNET, a fault-tolerant fiber optic communication system

The design of a fiber optic communication network originally intended for monitoring and control in power distribution systems is discussed. By appropriate choice of protocols, a fault-tolerant system can be built that operates in any arbitrary network configuration. The network, called AbNET, is a packet-based distributed protocol system. Flooding is used for maximum failure tolerance. Hierarchical (master-slave) polling controls access to the system. This supports many data acquisition and control applications. The protocols allow multiple adjacent masters to share resources. A service reports the network's configuration to the master, where changes can be logged, and action taken if needed. The system is transparent to the user, and maintains no record of the clients it serves. It is fast enough for many industrial control applications. Only a small number of fiber cables is needed for a high reliability system.
High-resolution gravure printed lines: proximity effects and design rules

Gravure printing is a very promising method for printed electronics because it combines high throughput with high resolution. Recently, printed lines with 2μm resolution have been demonstrated at printing speeds on the order of 1m/s. Here we build on these results to study how more complex patterns can be printed that will ultimately lead to printed circuits. We study how the drag-out effect leads to proximity effects in gravure when multiple lines are printed close to each other. Drag-out occurs as the doctor blade passes over the roll surface to remove excess ink from the land areas in between the cells that make up the pattern. In addition to this desirable removal of excess ink, some ink from the cells also wicks up the doctor blade and is removed from the cells. This ink is subsequently deposited on the land area behind the cells leading to characteristic drag-out tails. If multiple lines, oriented perpendicular to the print direction, are printed close to each other, the ink that has wicked up the doctor blade from the first line will affect the drag-out process for subsequent lines. Here we show how this effect can be used to enhance print quality of lines as well as how it can deteriorate print quality. Important variables that will determine the regime for printing optimization are ink viscosity, printing speed, cell size, cell spacing and relative placement of lines. Considering these factors carefully allows one to determine design rules for optimal printing results.