cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effect of volume preload versus ephedrine infusion for the prevention of hypotension due to spinal anesthesia for lower abdominal and lower limb vascular surgery

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ephedrine infusion without preblock crystalloid administration in reducing the incidence of hypotension during spinal anesthesia. Patients and methods Fifty patients presented for lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia who were divided into equal groups (group F and group E), each group had 25 patients each. Results As regards demographic data there was no statistical significance between both groups. As regards blood pressure there is statistical significance between both groups except at 4 and 22 min postspinal; regarding heart rate there was no statistical significance between both groups; and regarding the incidence of complication, there is statistical significance between both groups. Conclusion Prophylactic intravenous ephedrine infusion is more effective than fluid preload in the prevention of hypotension due to spinal anesthesia for lower abdominal and lower limb vascular surgery.
Tracking ultrafast reactions in organic materials through vibrational coherence: vibronic coupling mechanisms in singlet fission

A multitude of ultrafast photoinduced reactions in organic semiconductors are governed by the close interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom. From biological light-harvesting and...
Measuring the Efficacy of a Club Sports New Participant Orientation

This study examines the impact of the University of Vermont Club Sports’ recently implemented new participant orientation. Using program evaluation theory and a survey instrument, this study measur...
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Discectomy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Minimally invasive posterior cervical microdiscectomy is an appropriate surgical approach for patients with foraminal stenosis from herniated disc with radicular symptoms that is not responsive to conservative management. While anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or arthroplasty is increasingly utilized to treat herniated disc, a posterior approach eliminates the risk of potential approach related injuries to the esophagus, carotid artery, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. Additional benefits of posterior decompression include avoidance of instrumentation, which represents an increased healthcare cost, as well as potential long-term risks of adjacent-level pathologies or device failures. A traditional open posterior cervical approach has the potential to cause significant postoperative pain due to dissection of the paraspinal musculature and the potential for disrupting the posterior tension band with inadvertent injury to the interspinous ligaments. Such disadvantages are reduced by utilizing the minimally invasive technique where a small tubular working channel is placed through a muscle splitting technique via a paramedian approach. This technique minimizes the need for muscle stripping, and thus decreases postoperative functional and structural disturbance. Discectomy in this case can also be safely performed with minimal retraction at the axilla of the nerve root. Additionally, this approach can be utilized in an ambulatory setting, which coupled with the lack of any additional instrumentation helps contribute to the overall healthcare cost savings of such a procedure. This video describes how the minimally invasive posterior cervical discectomy can be effectively and safely performed in this illustrative case. The patient consented to the procedure and publication.
Surgical management of splenic flexure colon cancer: a retrospective propensity-matched study comparing open and minimally invasive approaches using the national cancer database.

Minimally invasive resection of colon cancer at the splenic flexure can be technically challenging with concerns for a suboptimal oncologic outcome. We aimed to compare open and minimally invasive approaches following curative resection. The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with non-metastatic colon adenocarcinoma at the splenic flexure who underwent resection from 2010 to 2016. Cohorts were separated into open and minimally invasive approaches, and demographic and clinicopathologic variables were compared. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance potential confounding covariates between cohorts to elucidate the independent association between surgical approach and outcomes. Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox-proportional hazards regression were used to analyze survival. Secondary outcomes were analyzed by way of logistic regression or Mann–Whitney U test. After matching, 842 patients were compared between approaches. Patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery had no significant difference in regional nodes ≥ 12 examined, positive margins, negative circumferential margins, unplanned 30-day readmission, or time from surgery to initiation of chemotherapy when compared to patients who underwent open surgery. Minimally invasive surgery was significantly associated with decreased odds of 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and decreased mortality hazard for 5-year overall survival compared to open surgery. The optimal approach for surgical management of splenic flexure colon cancer has not been standardized given its rarity and exclusion from randomized controlled trials. Our retrospective review suggests that minimally invasive resection of splenic flexure colon cancers in carefully selected patients is associated with equivalent oncologic outcomes as well as improved short and long-term survival compared to an open approach.
Evoked Set Formation: A Longitudinal Perspective

Consumption decisions are made from relatively small groups of products or services known as evoked sets. The formation and usage of evoked sets, however, is currently not well understood by many managers and researchers. This paper presents a longitudinal rather than discrete model of this process and suggests that the evoked set decision-making process occurs in six stages: availability, awareness, evaluation, choice, implementation, and post-purchase evaluation. The authors also explore several research implications of viewing this process as dynamic rather than as a series of independent decisions.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Pesticide Chemistry

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in pesticide chemistry. Recent advances in NMR instrumentation have led to the use of high frequency spectrometers and computer averaging techniques, thus allowing a significant reduction in the required sample size. In addition, the availability of frequency synthesizers and variable radiofrequency units now permits the study of resonance of nuclei other than proton and fluorine. These developments have resulted in an increased application of NMR spectroscopy to the study of pesticides. The chapter summarizes the recent progress in the application of NMR techniques to the study of various aspects of pesticide chemistry. The spectra of pesticides are described in this chapter. Although NMR spectroscopy has not been extensively applied to the quantitative analysis of pesticides, it offers considerable advantage since the sample is not destroyed by the analytical procedure and structural information is also provided in the chapter. The most serious limitation for the application of NMR to pesticide analysis is the requirement for a large number of nuclei for a detectable signal. The chapter elaborates on the photochemical reactions of pesticides.
Primary osteogenic sarcoma and metastatic renal-cell carcinoma of the mandible. Case reports and necropsy findings.

Abstract We have presented two cases of malignant tumors of the mandible with necropsy findings. The dentist's opportunity to diagnose primary and metastatic cancer of the jaws has been stressed.
Is Structural Subtyping Useful? An Empirical Study

Structural subtyping is popular in research languages, but all mainstream object-oriented languages use nominal subtyping. Since languages with structural subtyping are not in widespread use, the empirical questions of whether and how structural subtyping is useful have thus far remained unanswered. This study aims to provide answers to these questions. We identified several criteria that are indicators that nominally typed programs could benefit from structural subtyping, and performed automated and manual analyses of open-source Java programs based on these criteria. Our results suggest that these programs could indeed be improved with the addition of structural subtyping. We hope this study will provide guidance for language designers who are considering use of this subtyping discipline.
Dopaminergic neurons: effect of acute and chronic morphine administration on single cell activity and transmitter metabolism.

At various time points following acute and chronic administration of morphine to rats, dopamine transmitter metabolism and neuronal activity were determined. Following acute injection of morphine (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally), dopamine cell firing rates increased slowly and steadily. This slow increase was accompanied by a similar slow increase in the accumulation of the dopamine metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Apparentin vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity, measured by dopa accumulation following inhibition of dopa decarboxylase, also increased. In chronically treated animals the average firing rate of dopamine cells was measured two hours after the last injection of morphine. The distribution of dopamine cell firing rates was significantly higher than in controls. DOPAC levels andin vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity were also increased at this time. When morphine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered to chronically treated animals 12 hours after the last injection a slow increase of firing rates was observed similar to that seen in naive animals after an acute morphine injection. In chronically morphine treated animals naloxone caused a rapid dose-dependent decrease in firing rates and DOPAC levels.In vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity was not changed.
Malignant schwannoma of the vulva: a light and electron microscopic study.

Abstract A case of malignant schwannoma of the vulva arising in a 44-year-old black female was studied utilizing light and transmission electron microscopy. Histological examination revealed areas consistent with Antoni type A and B tissues, which are characteristic of benign schwannoma. Mitoses were frequent and often abnormal. Ultrastructural examination of Antoni type A areas showed cells with bizarre, indented nuclei, elaborate whorl-like bodies, structures reminiscent of myelin figures, and frequent lipofucsin granules. The absence of so-called Luse bodies and a basal lamina around component cells was in contrast to the usual ultrastructural findings in benign schwannoma. The loss of these features may be ascribed to the malignant nature of the tumor.
The Impact of Exercise on Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life: A Primary Care Physician's Perspective

Evaluation of the environment of patients is an important function of the primary care physician and assists the caregiver in providing an improved quality of life for one's patients. In addition to data collection and therapy, assessment of both the basic and instrumental activities of daily living is a primary concern, especially in patients with chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This article presents the perspective and observation of a primary care physician's management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and will give examples of how combined pulmonary rehabilitation and medication improved the quality of life for three patients and show how activities of daily living and quality of life may be seen as a continuum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Spontaneous flower constancy and learning in honey bees as a function of colour

Abstract When presented with an artificial flower patch of blue and yellow pedicellate flowers, individual honey bees,Apis melliferaL., became constant to one of the two flower colours, rarely even sampling the alternative colour. Some bees visited only blue flowers while others visited only yellow flowers. This paper describes the onset of constancy for bees that had had no experience with the experimental apparatus. In 3020 visits, bees failed to land on or drink from the flower colour on which they first landed only 17 times. This behaviour was not modified by quality or quantity of reward, training to the experimental site, group effects or presence of odour during trials. However, when we trained bees to a target painted with two colours and then forced them to sample monomorphic flower patches in sequence, all bees visited the only colour present: yellow or blue. When we subsequently offered these same bees yellow and blue flowers simultaneously (rewarded choices), they became constant. Eleven of 23 bees showed constancy to the less rewarding flower morph without even sampling the alternative. Those bees failed to sample even though they had previously been forced to visit the alternative flower morph, which offered a reward with twice the calories/volume. Constancy is thus spontaneous in honey bees, but it can be hidden by some experimental protocols designed to study learning.
Pulling in more fat

In obesity, skeletal muscle accumulates triglyceride. Recent work from Hulver and colleagues (2005) in the October issue of Cell Metabolism implicates stearoyl-CoA desaturase as part of the underlying molecular mechanism.
Total hip arthroplasty in juvenile chronic arthritis: A consecutive series

Abstract Twenty-nine total hip arthroplasties in 16 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis were performed by one surgeon and followed prospectively. The 9 female and 7 male patients averaged 21 years of age (range, 14–35). Height and weight averaged 160 cm (63 inches) and 53 kg (118 lb.), respectively. Preoperative planning used small or miniature components to accommodate the small anatomic proportions of the hip. The femoral component was cementless in the majority (2029), but required cementing in 10 of 29 hips because of poor bone stock. The acetabula were reconstructed with a porous-coated cup with or without screws (2729) or with a cemented cup (229). Follow-up periods averaged 53 months (range, 24–100 months). The average Harris hip score improved from 37 to 78 after surgery ( P = .0001). Pain relief was excellent; 15 of 16 patients (2729 hips) expressed a significant improvement in daily function and lifestyle, despite systemic involvement of their arthritis. The range of motion of the hip improved significantly in all planes ( P = .001). Two of the 4 uncemented Muller CDH components (Protek, Bern, Switzerland) with a large offset have migrated into varus; both are pain-free. One cemented femoral component has been revised because of aseptic loosening. The use of a small or miniature, cemented or cementless femoral component and a porous-coated cup appears to provide an excellent method of hip reconstruction for patients with juvenile chronic arthritis and small anatomic proportions; however, a femoral component with too great an offset should be avoided, because this may result in varus migration of the stem.
Topological insulators: The surface surfaces.

Circularly polarized light can isolate surface states from bulk states in topological insulators, allowing their unique properties to be probed.
Gadolinium block of calcium channels: influence of bicarbonate.

Abstract The selectivity of block of voltage-activated barium (Ba + ) currents by lanthanide ions was studied in a rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell line (F11-B9), rat and frog peripheral neurons, and rat cardiac myocytes using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Gadolinium (Gd 3+ ) produced a dose-dependent and complete inhibition of whole-cell Ba 2+ current in all cells studied, including cells expressing identified dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type currents and ω-conotoxin-sensitive N-type currents. Like Gd 3+ , lutetium (Lu 3+ ) and lanthanum (La 3+ ) blocked all Ba 2+ current with little selectivity for different components of the whole-cell current. Gd 3+ block of Ba 2+ currents was incomplete, however, when sodium bicarbonate (5–22.6 mM) was added to the standard HEPES-buffered external Ba + solution. In rat DRG neurons and F11-B9 cells, a fraction of the whole-cell Ba 2+ current recorded in the presence of bicarbonate was resistant to block by saturating concentrations of Gd 3+ (50–100 μM). The resistant current inactivated more rapidly than the original current giving the appearance that, under these conditions, Gd 3+ block is more selective for the slowly inactivating component of the whole-cell current. Bicarbonate modification of Gd 3+ block occurred both before and after ω-conotoxin block of N-type currents in rat DRG neurons, suggesting that even in the presence of bicarbonate, Gd 3+ block was not selective for N-type currents.
RISK OF SYSTEMIC METASTASES IN CLINICAL STAGE I NONSEMINOMA GERM CELL TESTIS TUMOR MANAGED BY RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION

Purpose: We assess the risk of systemic recurrence after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I nonseminoma germ cell testis tumor based on predominance of embryonal carcinoma and/or vascular invasion in the orchiectomy specimen.Materials and Methods: A total of 292 cases of clinical stage I nonseminoma germ cell testis tumor treated with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection from 1990 to 1995 were identified from the Indiana University database. A minimum of 2 years of followup was required for study entry. Review of the written pathological reports classified tumors as embryonal carcinoma predominant, when it was present at a level greater than any other histology, nonpredominant, when it was present but not as the main histological subtype, and absent. Vascular invasion was categorized as present or absent.Results: Of the 292 cases 226 (77.4%) were pathological stage I and relapse rate after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was 10.2%. Vascular invasion and embryonal carcinoma p...
Influence of active site location on catalytic activity in de novo-designed zinc metalloenzymes.

While metalloprotein design has now yielded a number of successful metal-bound and even catalytically active constructs, the question of where to put a metal site along a linear, repetitive sequence has not been thoroughly addressed. Often several possibilities in a given sequence may exist that would appear equivalent but may in fact differ for metal affinity, substrate access, or protein dynamics. We present a systematic variation of active site location for a hydrolytically active ZnHis3O site contained within a de novo-designed three-stranded coiled coil. We find that the maximal rate, substrate access, and metal-binding affinity are dependent on the selected position, while catalytic efficiency for p-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis can be retained regardless of the location of the active site. This achievement demonstrates how efficient, tailor-made enzymes which control rate, pKa, substrate and solvent access (and selectivity), and metal-binding affinity may be realized. These findings may be applied...
The adaptation of observation noise covariances and adaptive Kalman filtering

The application of Kalman-Bucy filters entails precise knowledge on the a priori noise covariances as well as the system parameters. In many practical cases, however, such precise knowledge is not available, and approximate values are usually used or assumed. It has been pointed out that incorrect covariances often cause severe inconsistency between the calculated error covariance and the actual one. Approaches of adaptive filtering have been studied by various researchers for mainly time-invariant systems. An iterative procedure for the adaptation of the assumed a priori observation-noise covariances of time-variable systems is investigated in this paper. The procedure proposed here computes at each iteration a necessary correction from the covariances of the innovation process, and adapt the noise covariances thereby. The calculated error covariance is shown to tend to the actual in the limit. Simulated examples show that initial choices of the a priori covariance do not seem to be crucial to the convergence. An approach to adaptive filtering is also proposed.
Growth hormone (GH) induces tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in mouse L cells that express recombinant GH receptors.

Abstract Porcine and bovine GH receptor (GHR) cDNAs were stably expressed in mouse L cells, which normally do not possess detectable levels of mouse GHR. Expression of the GHR cDNAs resulted in specific binding of 125I-labeled GH by these cell lines. To study GHR-related signaling events in these cells, protein tyrosine phosphorylation was examined. In GH-treated cells, a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein with a molecular mass of approximately 95 kDa (pp95) was increased dramatically (approximately 100-fold) relative to non-GH-treated cells. The amount of pp95 within the cells after GH treatment was positively correlated with the number of GHRs on the cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp95 could not be induced by prolactin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, interleukin 2, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, or fibroblast growth factor. Phosphorylation of pp95 was found to be a rapid event that could be observed 60 sec after GH treatment. Also, pp95 appears to exist as a complex of two proteins, i.e., pp95 and pp96. The GH-induced response by these cells may be of use in screening GH analogs for biological activity.
Does cost affect endotracheal tube performance

Today's healthcare environment has forced providers to constantly evaluate the materials used, and to find less expensive alternatives. Recently, low-cost endotracheal tubes (ETTs) have been introduced to the market. The aim of this study was to test these tubes (Portex AirCare and Cardinal Health ETT) compared with endotracheal tubes with known performance (Hi-Lo Covidient pre ISO standard and Taper-Guard Covidient, post ISO standard).
OPTIMIZATION OF TEXTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A SOY‐GELATIN MOZZARELLA CHEESE ANALOG

Imitation mozzarella cheese was made using soy isolate and gelatin as the protein source instead of caseinate, and its textural and ultrastructural properties were studied. Of all the hydrocolloids evaluated, GFS gum (a mixture of xanthan, locust bean and guar gum) was found to give the best textural properties and melting quality to the analog. Optimum processing conditions were 5 min each of dry blending and wet blending of ingredients at 80°C. Studies done on the effect of heat treatment (time/temperature of processing) and addition of mercapto-ethanol, urea and emulsifiers suggests that hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions appear to be involved in stabilizing the gel. Processing and ingredient combinations are flexible and could be applied to manufacture of many other imitation cheeses.
A Critique of Exchange Rate Treatment in Agricultural Trade Models: Comment

In the May 1979 issue of the Journal, Chambers and Just (CJ) critically reviewed theoretical and empirical work on the role of exchange rates in agricultural prices and trade. CJ contend that the assumption of zero cross-price elasticities between commodities leads to an inaccurate portrayal of import demand and export supply functions and therefore an inaccurate portrayal of the effects of exchange rate changes on trade.1 This author agrees with that contention. Incorporation of possible cross-price effects will clarify the effect of all variables in the system. However, this author feels that the remedy CJ have proposed for incorporating these crossprice effects in order to analyze the effect of exchange rate fluctuations is less than desirable. The proposition will be put forth that the inclusion of prices for commodities which are close substitutes (complements) to the good studied and an index of all domestic prices in the country studied is more sound in theory and practice than the cure proposed by CJ. CJ argue that "a separate exchange rate variable (involving a weighted price index of other traded goods if feasible)" (p. 256), should be included in the equation for an excess demand function. This separate exchange rate variable would serve as a price index for all other traded goods. The structure under which this suggestion is derived is unclear. The exchange rate, in and of itself, is only relevant to excess demand as a deflator. It is a way of transforming prices into a currency which is relevant to producers and purchasers of goods in the country. Japanese producers and purchasers are interested in the yen price, not the dollar price. Therefore the idea of including the exchange rate as a separate regressor for an excess demand function is structurally unsound. If the exchange rate is multiplied by a weighted price index of other traded goods, other problems develop. The first problem is that the "purchasing power parity theory" may not hold. Exchange rates may not reflect the purchasing power of the currencies involved. Therefore the exchange rate multiplied by a weighted price index of other traded goods does not accurately reflect the domestic currency price of goods in the country. Second, there is the problem of price transmission for traded goods in a world where trade barriers are common. A change in the export price of a commodity may not be completely reflected in the internal price of the commodity in an importing country. Finally, the exchange rate change also can have indirect effects on all goods in the economy. The exchange rate directly affects traded goods, but because of cross-price effects the price of nontraded goods also could change. These price movements for nontraded goods could then influence the excess demand function for the country. These cross-price effects between traded and nontraded goods are important, but certainly outside the scope of an empirical agricultural trade model.
Interactive mining and semantic retrieval of videos

With the wide use of monitoring systems, there emerges an ever increasing amount of surveillance videos. Sequential browsing of such videos from the database is time consuming and tedious for users, and thus cannot take full advantage of the rich information contained in video data. In this paper, a general framework for semantic video mining and retrieval is proposed. The framework detects and retrieves semantic events from surveillance videos. It starts by tracking and modeling the trajectories of semantic objects in videos. After that, some general user-interested semantic events are modeled. The goal is to retrieve these semantic events by analyzing the spatiotemporal trajectory sequences. However, since individual users may have their own subjective query targets, these event models may be too general to capture the subjectivity of each individual user. Therefore, in this paper, the mining and retrieval phase is designed to dynamically learn the user's interest by interacting with the user. This technique is called the Relevance Feedback (RF) which is commonly used for Content-based Image Retrieval, but seldom applied to the field of semantic video mining. Due to the spatiotemporal nature of video events, substantial extensions to RF, especially its associated learning mechanisms, are needed to apply it to semantic video mining. The learning framework proposed in this paper bases its structure on the neural network for time series data, which is usually adopted for prediction purposes, and we tailor it to suit the specific needs of spatiotemporal video event mining. In this paper, transportation surveillance videos are used to demonstrate the design details.
Longitudinal changes in fibrillar amyloid-beta deposition across the cognitive spectrum: Effect of the APOE4 allele

Background: The concept of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) implies that beta-amyloid (As) deposits may accumulate in the brain for a decade or more prior to the clinical manifestations of AD. The highest initial As deposition is observed in the precuneus. APOE e4 genotype is the major genetic susceptibility factor for AD associated with increased As deposition. In this longitudinal [C] PIB PET study, we compared regional rates of As accumulation in a large cohort of cognitively normal APOE e4 carriers (e4+) and non-carriers (e4-). Methods: One hundred forty six cognitively normal individuals (96 e4and 50 e4+ individuals; mean age 66 6 10 yo) underwent two [C] PIB scans, separated by 2.6 6 1.1 years. Regional binding potential (BP) values were estimated in manually derived MRI-based regions including precuneus, prefrontal, temporal, gyrus rectus, anterior cingulate, and occipital cortex and caudate nucleus. Mean cortical BP (MCBP) was calculated from the first four regions and used as a globalmeasure of brain As deposition (with 0.18 as a threshold level for abnormality). The rate of As accumulation was estimated from the annual change in BP.Results: In 115 of 146 individuals (85 e4and 30 e4+), As accumulation was low on both [C] PIB scans (Low-PIB), while 31 individuals (11 e4and 20 e4+) had elevated As accumulation on the second or both [C] PIB scans (High-PIB). The rate of As accumulation in the precuneus was significantly higher in the group of 50 e4+ individuals compared to 96 e4individuals (0.024 + 0.040 BP/year for e4+ and 0.011 + 0.036 BP/ year for e4-, p 1⁄4 0.044, two-tailed unpaired t-test). It also was higher in High-PIB (0.054 + 0.039 BP/year for e4+ and 0.016 + 0.028 BP/year for e4-, p 1⁄4 0.008, two-tailed unpaired t-test), but not in Low-PIB individuals. The other brain regions evaluated did not demonstrate significant changes in the rate of As accumulation between e4+ and e4individuals.Conclusions: In cognitively normal APOE e4 carriers the rate of As accumulation is significantly increased in the precuneus, indicating greater vulnerability of this cortical region at the early stage of AD pathology.
Lifetime of a quasiparticle in an electron liquid

Inelastic lifetime of an electron quasiparticle in an electron liquid due to electron-electron interaction evaluated in previous work is calculated in an alternative way. Both the contributions of the ``direct'' and ``exchange'' processes are included. The results turn out to be exactly the same as those obtained previously, and hence confirm the latter and consequently fully resolve the theoretical discrepancies existing in the literature. Derivation in the two-dimensional case is presented in detail due to its intricacies. The effects of local field and finite well width on the effective electron interaction in the two-dimensional case are also investigated in a quantitive comparison of the electron relaxation rate between theory and experiment. These effects are shown to make a rather small contribution to the quasiparticle lifetime.
The oxidation states of cobalt and selected metals in Pacific ferromanganese nodules

Abstract A study of the oxidation states of metals in selected Pacific ferromanganese nodules by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates the presence of Co(III), Pb(II), Pb(IV), Fe(III) and Ti(IV). These findings are based on measurements of core electron binding energies and an evaluation of the core electron shake-up satellite features.
Magnetic Film Memory Design

Thin magnetic films of permalloy have characteristics ideal for high-speed digital storage. A simple rotational model modified to include the effects of wall switching and dispersion of the preferred direction of magnetization provides a basis for describing properties of engineering interest. A selection system has been chosen which allows great latitude in film uniformity. Production of films with magnetic properties uniform to within ± 10 per cent is readily achieved. Specifications for operation in a destructive mode can easily be met by existing film arrays; the nondestructive mode is considerably more stringent unless very small signals can be tolerated. The first film memory has been in reliable operation since the summer of 1959. It has 32 ten-bit words and has been operated with a minimum cycle time of 0.4 , ?sec. Higher speed and larger capacities will require higher bit densities and improved techniques to minimize undesirable coupling between drive and sense lines. The use of 10 × 60 mil rectangles, balanced sense windings, and longer words will hopefully permit memories of about 200,000 bits with cycle time under 0.2 ?sec.
Using Wavelets and Gaussian Mixture Models for Audio Classification

In this paper, we present an audio classification system using wavelets for extracting low-level acoustic features. We perform multiple-level decomposition using Discrete Wavelet Transform to extract acoustic features at different scales and time from audio recordings. The extracted features are then translated into a compact vector representation. Gaussian Mixture Models with Expectation Maximization algorithm are then used to build models for sound classes. Specifically, three types of audio classification tasks are designed to evaluate the system, including speech/music classification, male/female speech classification, and music genre (classical, pop, jazz, and electronic) classification. By evaluating the system through 5-fold cross validation, the experimental result shows the promising capability of wavelets for speech and music analyses.
Feminisms in motion: Pushing the "wild zone" thesis into the fourth dimension

(2003). Feminisms in motion: Pushing the 'wild zone' thesis into the fourth dimension. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 149-163.
Prolonged hypoperfusion in the cerebral cortex following cardiac arrest and resuscitation in dogs.

Increasing cerebral vascular resistance and brain perfusion failure occur within 90 minutes following cardiac arrest and resuscitation. This study followed cortical perfusion for 18 hours after a 15-minute cardiac arrest. Six dogs were anesthetized with ketamine and gallamine and then mechanically ventilated. They were instrumented for arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and regional cerebral cortical blood flow (rCCBF) determined by thermodilution. A left thoracotomy and pericardiotomy were done. Two dogs served as non-arrest controls. Cardiac arrest was produced in four dogs with an intravenous bolus of KC1 at 1 mEq/kg. After 15 minutes of cardiac arrest, the animals were resuscitated with internal massage, NaHCO 3 , epinephrine, and internal defibrillation. Cortical blood flow was followed for 18 hours. Arterial core temperature was never less than 35 C. Pre-arrest cortical blood flows were 0.86 cc/min/g (± 0.11). The two control animals had stable rCCBF (0.74 ± 0.17) for all determinations during the 18-hour follow-up period. Determinations of rCCBF from 6 to 18 hours in post-arrest animals were 7% to 14% of pre-arrest values. We conclude that the post-resuscitation perfusion failure in the cortex is prolonged. Any potential for neuronal recovery, unless perfusion is protected, would not be realized given this phenomenon.
Computerized-eyewear based face recognition system for improving social lives of prosopagnosics

Prosopagnosia (PA), or the inability to recognize faces, is widespread around the world, with no effective cure for the disease. We propose a wearable system to improve prosopagnosic's daily life. The system utilizes a real-time face recognition application that runs on a smartphone, and a portable eyewear that displays descriptive information when a person appears in range of camera mounted on the eyewear. The system helps these patients identify faces, reminds them to make social reactions and ultimately prevents them from developing social anxiety disorders, characterized by fear and avoidance of social situations that may cause embarrassment. Lastly, we implement the system in a real life demonstration to test its performance.
Influence of the pretransplant hematocrit level on early graft function in primary cadaveric renal transplantation

Although use of human recombinant erythropoietin has alleviated symptoms of anemia in renal failure, effects of increased hematocrit (HCT) on early post-transplant renal function are unknown. Of 244 consecutive primary cadaveric Kidney recipients transplanted over 74 months, 43% had HCT ≥30% and 57% had HCT<30% at transplantation. The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) was greater in recipients with HCT<30% (61%) than in recipients with HCT<30% (33%; P=0.0001). Ten percent of recipients with HCT≥30% experienced primary nonfunction (PNF) of the allograft (P=0.0001). No recipient with HCT<30% had PNF
Estimating joint angles from muscle Receptors via a Model of Muscle Dynamics

Joint receptors are most active on certain joint angles for phase changes and joint protection. Muscles often are in series with tendons so muscle spindle information alone can not determine joint angles. We investigated the observability of the musculoskeletal dynamical system (MSDS), and how to estimate joint trajectories from muscle receptors (spindles for muscle lengths and Golgi tendon organs for muscle forces).
The Comorbidity of ADHD and Bipolar Disorder: Any Less Confusion?

The clinical confusion surrounding childhood ADHD and bipolar disorder centers on overlaps between severe ADHD with mood lability and mania/hypomania. Perplexity has been exacerbated by the removal of mood symptoms from the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and a lack of stringent criteria for a manic/hypomanic episode. This review summarizes current knowledge of the relationship between ADHD and bipolar disorder, the rates with which ADHD and bipolar disorder coexist in youth of differing ages, their presence in community, clinical, and high risk samples, and their longitudinal course. Treatment studies are reviewed, highlighting findings in comorbid cases, which support the efficacy of stimulants and other agents for ADHD without worsening mood symptoms, and efficacy of second generation antipsychotics for bipolar disorder. In conclusion, a lack of clarity regarding the diagnostic boundaries between childhood ADHD and bipolar disorder remains, however, treatments targeting symptoms of each disorder when comorbid, provide some efficacy.
An Essential Role of the Jak-2/STAT-3/Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Axis in Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB-induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Motility

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a potent motogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). To understand its motogenic signaling events, we have studied the role of the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). PDGF-BB stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak-2 and STAT-3 in a time-dependent manner in VSMCs. In addition, AG490 and Jak-2KEpRK5, a selective pharmacological inhibitor and a dominant negative mutant, respectively, of Jak-2, attenuated PDGF-BB-induced STAT-3 tyrosine phosphorylation and its DNA binding and reporter gene activities. PDGF-BB induced VSMC motility in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum effect at 10 ng/ml. Dominant negative mutant-dependent suppression of Jak-2 and STAT-3 blocked PDGF-BB-induced VSMC motility. PDGF-BB induced the expression of cPLA2 in a Jak-2/STAT-3-dependent manner, and pharmacological inhibitors of cPLA2 prevented PDGFBB-induced VSMC motility. Furthermore, either exogenous addition of arachidonic acid or forced expression of cPLA2 rescued PDGF-BB-induced VSMC motility from inhibition by blockade of Jak-2 and STAT-3 activation. Together, these results for the first time show that PDGF-BB-induced VSMC motility requires activation of the Jak-2/STAT-3/cPLA2 signaling axis.
Micropropagation systems for the mexican redbud ( Cercis canadensis var. Mexicana L.) and other woody plants of the chihuahuan desert

There are many Chihuahuan desert species that have potential as landscape plants for the arid communities of the southwestern United States [agarita, Berberis trifoliata Moric.; Mexican buckeye, Ungnadia speciosa Endl.; Texas madrone, Arbutus xalapensis var. texana (Buckl.). A. Gray]. Within these plant populations, there are superior genotypes that offer even greater interest for the landscape. However, it is difficult to clonally propagate many of these species with conventional techniques, and the seed-derived populations often do not breed true. Therefore, selection of superior genotypes in wild populations coupled with clonal propagation through tissue culture may offer an attractive option. It is relatively easy to achieve disinfestation of explants from desert plants due to a general lack of natural surface contamination by fungi and bacteria, even though interference from numerous trichomes can impede good contact with disinfesting agents. However, there is only a narrow window of time that is ideal for explant collection, because of the brief, periodic flushes of growth that characterize this unusual plant group. There may be years when, due to the harsh environment, the amount of suitable explant material is severely limited. Phenolics and exudates are also problematic in this group of plants, and acclimatization of ex vitro plantlets to the harsh desert environment is a particular challenge. For these reasons, specific adaptations and modifications were necessary to achieve success with micropropagation of desert plant species such as Mexican redbud (Cercis canadensis var. mexicana L.).
Ballistic bunching of photoinjected electron bunches with dielectric-lined waveguides

We describe a simple technique to passively bunch non-ultra-relativistic ($\ensuremath{\lesssim}10\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$) electron bunches produced in conventional photoinjectors. The scheme employs a dielectric-lined waveguide located downstream of the electron source to impress an energy modulation on a picosecond bunch. The energy modulation is then converted into a density modulation via ballistic bunching. The method is shown to support the generation of subpicosecond bunch trains with multi-kA peak currents. The relatively simple technique is expected to find applications in compact, accelerator-based, light sources and advanced beam-driven accelerator methods.
The Music Experience Questionnaire: development and correlates.

The authors introduce the Music Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), a selfreport measure of individual differences in reactions to music. In analyses of responses in a derivation sample of 211 undergraduates and a replication sample of 105 undergraduates, scores on the 6 scales of this measure showed acceptable alpha coefficients and testretest correlations. The authors found 2 principal factors: subjective/physical reactions to music and active involvement. MEQ scores were, at most, weakly correlated with 2 measures of favorability of self-presentation, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (D. P. Crowne & D. Marlowe, 1960) and the Responding Desirability on Attitudes and Opinions Scale (K. Schuessler, D. H. Hittle, & J. Cardascia, 1978). Examination of correlations between MEQ scores and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (L. S. Radloff, 1977), as well as factor scores on the Adjective Check List (H. G. Gough & A. B. Heilbrun, 1983), suggested areas of similarity and difference i...
Effect of propranolol on oxygen binding to hemoglobin in vitro and in vivo.

We have shown that propranolol reduces oxygen binding by hemoglobin in intact red cells by increasing the selective permeability of the red cell membrane resulting in an exodus of potassium, chloride, and water. The latter effects result in a new distribution of hydrogen ion between cell and plasma, and thereby a reduction in red cell pH. The reduction in pH can fully explain the change in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen based on the Bohr effect. Either D- or DL-propranolol can produce the change in red cell pH and oxygen binding by hemoglobin. The drug action on permeability is not prevented by epinephrine, although it is by chlorbutanol. Hence, the membrane action of propranolol does not appear to be related to its activity as a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Propranolol produced a marked alteration in red cell shape as well as in hydration (hypovolumic stomatocytes). The two effects were separable since dehydration of the cell by the addition of sucrose to plasma did not result in stomatocyt...
Mechanism of alkyne conversion to carbyne by 14- or 16-electron Os(H)2ClL2X (L = PiPr3; X = OTf or B(C6H3(CF3)2)4)

Abstract The mechanism of conversion of terminal alkynes RC CH to coordinated carbyne Os CCH2R by Os(H)2ClXL2 (L = PiPr3) has been studied for X = OTf and BAr F 4 (ArF = 3,5-di(CF3)2(C6H3). Ready loss of these X makes possible detection of η2-RCCH (4-electron donor) and CH(CH2R) intermediates, and D-labeling (RCCD) gives OsDClX(CCH2R)L2. The energy of various intermediates, including the only experimentally unobserved one, η2-vinyl, was evaluated with DFT(PBE) calculations.
A finite elastoplastic flow theory for porous media

Abstract A yield criterion and basic flow equations are developed for finite elastoplastic deformation of porous materials. The yield criterion is derived using a specific micromechanical model of moninteracting spherical pores, with the matrix material being of the von Mises types. The criterion satisfies the convexity requirement of plasticity theory and accounts for the effect of hydrostatic stress. The theoretical prediction of yield stress is in good agreement with published experimental data. The field equations for finite elastoplastic derfomation of the porous media are obtained by generalizing those for plastically incompressible materials. The equations are derived in the form of a combined initial- and boundary-value problem whose spatial domain is the current configuration of the deformed body. They are distinguished by their quasi-linear nature. The theoretical model has two important features: 1. 1. It shows an exclusive dependence of the yield surface of the porous medium on the properties of the constituent matrix material. 2. 2. It shows that there is a porosity effect that itself leads to material instability.
Biotin-responsive Depression during Hyperalimentation

A patient with multiple enteric fistulae, after months of parenteral hyperalimentation, developed severe depression accompanied by delirium, dermatitis, pallor, paresthesias, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and headaches. His symptoms improved after treatment with parenteral biotin. Biotin-deficiency should be suspected in patients on hyperalimentation (without biotin supplementation) who develop similar symptoms.
In Their Voices: Perspectives of Incarcerated Sex Offenders on Their Treatment Experiences

This article presents findings from a qualitative study evaluating the perspectives of 18 inmates in the North Carolina prison system who completed a treatment program designed for incarcerated sex offenders. Survey data were collected regarding their experiences in treatment and the program-acquired skills they continue to use after treatment. Data analysis used the grounded theory method and 30 codes were collapsed to six themes: most important program aspect; least important aspect; sustained skills; peer experience; therapeutic experience; and participants' recommendations for improvement. We discuss implications for practice and recommendations for future research on improving sex offender treatment.