cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards next-generation design-for-manufacturability (DFM) frameworks for electronics product realization

This paper elucidates the process architecture of a pilot implementation of a DFM Framework (specifically the SFM DFM Framework or SDF), which consists of four key ingredients. The first ingredient is a Design Integrator that acquires product design information from an ECAD tool and in-house sources (each populating a subset of the design) and consolidates them into a STEP AP210 model. The second ingredient is a Rule-based Expert System (initiated at Boeing) that captures the manufacturability constraints as DFM rules and evaluates printed circuit assembly (PCA) designs against them. The third ingredient is a Design View Generator that extracts design information from the AP210 model (first ingredient) and library database and derives a Kappa design model for the expert system (second ingredient) to evaluate. The fourth ingredient is the Results Viewer that helps the user browse DFM analysis results and identify design improvement opportunities. This implementation of the SDF demonstrates the ability to extract PCA design information and build a higher fidelity standards-based design model. Additionally, it also shows the capability of Rule-based Expert Systems to emulate manufacturability checks on product (PCAs in this case) designs as well as increase analysis coverage and reduce human checking time via automation.
Preventing high-risk drinking in youth in the workplace : A web-based normative feedback program

This study evaluated the efficacy of an alcohol web-based personalized feedback program delivered in the workplace to young adults. Participants (N = 124) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: web-based feedback (WI), web-based feedback plus a 15-minute motivational interviewing session (MI), or a control group. Results indicated that participants in the intervention group (WI and MI conditions combined) reported significantly lower levels of drinking than those in the control group at a 30-day follow-up. This was particularly true for participants classified as high-risk drinkers at the baseline assessment. Similar results were found when comparing the WI condition to the control group. No differences were found between the WI and MI conditions, indicating that the addition of a 15-minute motivational interviewing session did not increase the efficacy of the web-based feedback program. Findings support the use of web-based feedback as a stand-alone alcohol prevention program for young adults in the workplace.
A point target model for the synthetic aperture radar detection of ships and ice conditions during a swell

A running swell affects the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of ships, smaller icebergs, and other floating objects because the targets signal is no longer matched with the azimuth processor. This effect is analyzed analytically and numerically for the case of conventional image processing.
Series representations for the weighting matrices in the sampled-data optimal linear regulator problem

Taylor-series representations for the weighting matrices in the optimal sampled-data regulator problem are presented along with error bounds and doubling formulas for computer implementation.
VEHICLE-BASED VERSUS FIXED LOCATION MEASUREMENTS FOR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE IN IVHS

Many recent IVHS deployments feature vehicle probes as prominent sources of information about traffic conditions either in addition to or in place of traditional fixed location measurement devices such as inductive loop detectors. A number of other technologies now being considered for traffic surveillance that are deployed in fixed locations are reviewed and are found to provide the same kinds of information as more complex probe vehicle data collection systems. Recent experience with both fixed location and vehicle-based incident detection systems is summarized. Several incident detection algorithms calibrated with both fixed location and vehicle-based traffic measurements from a simulation of a signalized arterial street for a soon to be launched IVHS demonstration are introduced. The performance of these algorithms, some of which use data from only one source while others use data from both sources, is compared. While the fixed location measurements appear to be superior to the probe reports for detecting incidents when used alone, incidents detected by the respective algorithms do not completely overlap. Algorithms using both sources of data perform substantially better than either single-source algorithm, indicating that there is value in collecting information using both methods.
Influence of the high affinity divalent cation on actin tryptophan fluorescence.

The ability of actin to form stable polymers is important to many cellular processes. Actin polymerization has been measured by a wide variety of methods. Kerwar and Lehrer (1) were the first to demonstrate tryptophan fluorescence changes upon denaturation and polymerization of actin. We and others have made use of this work in assessing actin denaturation (2–4); however, intrinsic fluorescence has not been exploited as a general means of following actin polymerization. Instead, fluorescent probes such as pyrene attached near the C-terminal end of the actin molecule have been the primary tools for monitoring actin polymerization. This approach has yielded a wealth of information, but the possibility that labeled actin does not exactly reflect the characteristics of native actin always remains.
Annotating and Learning Morphological Segmentation of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic

We present an annotation and morphological segmentation scheme for Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) in which we annotate user-generated content that significantly deviates from the orthographic and grammatical rules of Modern Standard Arabic and thus cannot be processed by the commonly used MSA tools. Using a per letter classification scheme in which each letter is classified as either a segment boundary or not, and using a memory-based classifier, with only word-internal context, prove effective and achieve a 92% exact match accuracy at the word level. The well-known MADA system achieves 81% while the per letter classification scheme using the ATB achieves 82%. Error analysis shows that the major problem is that of character ambiguity since the ECA orthography overloads the characters which would otherwise be more specific in MSA, like the differences between y (U) and Y (U) and A (O§) , > ( O£), and < (O¥) which are collapsed to y (U) and A (O§) respectively or even totally confused and interchangeable. While normalization helps alleviate orthographic inconsistencies, it aggravates the problem of ambiguity.
The Facet Algebra

This chapter provides an overview of facet algebra which is a collection of operations for composing facets from one or more domains. The facet product and sum operations define classical conjunctive and disjunctive composition operations. Taking the product of two facets defines a new facet that satisfies both of the original specifications. Similarly, taking the sum of two facets defines a new facet that satisfies either of the original specifications. The use of facet product and sum provides direct language support for concurrent engineering, where multiple specifications must be simultaneously valid. The chapter also discusses homomorphism and isomorphism, which do not form new facets, but define relationships between facets. A homomorphism exists between two facets when the properties of one are implied by the other. Furthermore, homomorphisms are critical for moving information between domains. An isomorphism exists between two facets when a homomorphism exists both ways. When facets are isomorphic, they are considered equivalent.
Metadata: What Is It? How Can It Get Me into Trouble? What Can I Do About It?

Metadata is "data about data." Problems arise for lawyers and their clients when metadata is inadvertently provided to opposing attorneys and parties. This article provides a brief overview of what metadata is. This article next discusses how metadata can get attorneys into trouble. Lastly, this article concludes by informing lawyers what they may do about metadata in order to prevent its accidental disclosure.
Cinnamon extract increases tristetraprolin and decreases vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in mouse adipocytes

Cinnamon is proposed to improve the metabolic syndrome due to its insulin-like activity (Khan et al., 2003, Diabetes, 26:3215–8; Cao et al., 2008, AgroFood Industry Hi-tech, 19:14–17). Insulin incr...
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of n-Heptane Autoignition in the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)

Development of advanced compression ignition and low-temperature combustion engines is increasingly dependent on chemical kinetic ignition models. However, rigorous experimental validation of kinet...
Study on Mining Model of Case-based Adaptive Association Rules

In data mining, the efficiency of traditional association rules mining model is lower in the stage of data preparation, especially when there are a lot of data information and non-structured data. The support and confidence of the traditional model can't adjust adaptively with the variation of environment, and namely, it lacks adaptability. In order to overcome the deficiency, a case-based discovering model of adaptive association rules is put forward, and its structure and characteristics are presented. It not only raises the efficiency in the stage of data preparing by using the past cases and expert experience, but also adjusts support and confidence with the variation of environment.
Ecosystem context and historical contingency in apex predator recoveries

Habitat loss, overexploitation, and numerous other stressors have caused global declines in apex predators. This "trophic downgrading" has generated widespread concern because of the fundamental role that apex predators can play in ecosystem functioning, disease regulation, and biodiversity maintenance. In attempts to combat declines, managers have conducted reintroductions, imposed stricter harvest regulations, and implemented protected areas. We suggest that full recovery of viable apex predator populations is currently the exception rather than the rule. We argue that, in addition to well-known considerations, such as continued exploitation and slow life histories, there are several underappreciated factors that complicate predator recoveries. These factors include three challenges. First, a priori identification of the suite of trophic interactions, such as resource limitation and competition that will influence recovery can be difficult. Second, defining and accomplishing predator recovery in the context of a dynamic ecosystem requires an appreciation of the timing of recovery, which can determine the relative density of apex predators and other predators and therefore affect competitive outcomes. Third, successful recovery programs require designing adaptive sequences of management strategies that embrace key environmental and species interactions as they emerge. Consideration of recent research on food web modules, alternative stable states, and community assembly offer important insights for predator recovery efforts and restoration ecology more generally. Foremost among these is the importance of a social-ecological perspective in facilitating a long-lasting predator restoration while avoiding unintended consequences.
Some Applications of Operator Valued Analytic Functions of Two Complex Variables

This survey is meant to illustrate the main ideas of the theory which arises from a certain association of analytic operator valued functions of two complex variables wich pairs of operators related by a commutator identity.
Organization of Differential Sympathetic Responses to Activation of Visceral Receptors and Arterial Baroreceptors

Cannon reasoned that the sympathetic nervous system is organized to produce “widespread changes in smooth muscle and glands throughout the organism” (Cannon, 1929; 1930). This diffuse action of the sympathetic system is possible because of its “arrangement for simultaneous and unified action.” Specifically, the extensive divergence of preganglionic inputs to postganglionic neurons as well as to secretory cells of the adrenal medulla would seem to ensure concordant physiological responses required to homeostatically regulate mammals’ internal environments during changes in the external environment. Cannon’s postulated “en masse” action of the sympathetic nervous system was strictly interpreted until thirty years later, when reports of non-uniform sympathetic responses began to appear in the literature. The concept of sympathetic mass-activation was first challenged by Folkow, Johansson, and Lofving (1961) and Lofving (1961). These investigators made simultaneous measurements of the reflex changes in blood flow to hindlimb muscle and skin, kidney, and intestine that were initiated by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors or unloading of carotid arterial baroreceptors. In these studies, renal and cutaneous blood flows were relatively unaffected, whereas skeletal muscle vessels constricted in response to these stimuli; intestinal blood flow decreased less than skeletal muscle blood flow.
Nicotinic acid: treatment for the hyperchloremic acidosis following urinary diversion through intestinal segments

The syndrome of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis following urinary diversion through intestinal segments has posed a problem for urologists for more than 50 years. Recent work demonstrates that chlorpromazine, an intestinal cyclic-AMP inhibitor, partially corrects the metabolic derangements associated with this syndrome. Nicotinic acid has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of intestinal cyclic-AMP. The present investigation employs nicotinic acid in a rat vesico-cecostomy model to examine its efficacy in the management of this syndrome. Rats with vesico-cecostomies treated with nicotinic acid are compared to untreated rats, rats with intestinal but not urinary diversions and non-operative controls. Nicotinic acid in a dose of 50 mg./kg./day corrects the hyperchloremia (p less than 0.02), elevated serum osmolality (p less than 0.0001), hyperammoniumemia (p less than 0.05) and acidosis (p less than 0.001). Results compare favorably to those obtained in an identical model with the use of chlorpromazine.
Introduction to Modulation

Modulation is a technique that changes the characteristics of the carrier frequency in accordance with the input signal. Figure 1.1 shows the conceptual block diagram of a modern wireless communication system, where the modulation block is shown in the inset of the dotted block. As shown in the figure, modulation is performed at the transmit side and demodulation is performed at the receive side. This is the final stage of any radio communication system.
Residual Psychophysical Deficits Following Recovery from the Cuban Epidemic of Optic Neuropathy

From the Spring of 1992 until the middle of 1993, an epidemic of blindness swept across Cuba. Men between the ages of 25 and 64 presented with complaints of bilateral symmetrical visual loss and dyschromatopsia often associated with peripheral neuropathy. Patients were noted to have a wedge-shaped defect of their optic disk and papillo-macular bundle. In contrast to Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, there was an absence of mitochondrial DNA defects. Risk factors included a high rate of smoking, of missing meals, and of heavy drinking, especially home brewed rum. It was concluded that there was a combined set of insults to the mitochondria due largely to folic acid and vitamin B-12 insufficiency, aggravated in some patients by cyanide from smoking and in others by low grade chronic consumption of methanol fromhome brewed rum. Four months following implementation of vitamin therapy, we found improvement of visual acuity, color vision and contrast sensitivity at low and mid spatial frequencies. Initial large central and centrocecal scotomas improved to small central scotomas. Finally, saccadic smooth pursuit eye movements completely resolved. We hypothesize that compromise of mitochondrial function due to acquired metabolic disease led to a viscious cycle which caused a severe disruption of the axonal transport system. Contrast sensitivity at the high spatial frequencies subserved by P cells and their smaller axons was lost. Upon vitamin therapy and resumption of a healthier diet, the larger caliber axons and M cell function were able to recover providing a dramatic subtotal improvement of visual acuity. In conclusion, we believe that this process provided a model for the selective loss of P cells in the human retina.
Effects of gap size and excitation frequency on the vibrational behavior and wear rate of fuel rods

Abstract Grid-to-rod fretting (GTRF) wear is a major cause of fuel leaks. Understanding its mechanism is crucial for improving the reliability of nuclear reactors. In this paper we present a three-dimensional, finite-element based approach, which reveals how the wear rate depends on the size of the gap between the grid and the fuel rod, and on the frequency of the excitation force. We show that these two factors affect the dynamic vibration of the rod, which leads to three different regimes: harmonic, period-doubling and chaotic. The wear rate in the harmonic regime is significantly larger than that in the other two regimes, and reaches a maximum when the excitation frequency is close to the resonant frequency of the system, which is dependent on the gap size. We introduce the concept of a critical gap size that gives the maximum wear rate, and we identify the properties and values of this critical gap size. A wear map is developed as a result of a large number of parametric studies. This map shows quantitatively the wear rate as a function of the gap size and excitation frequency, and will be a valuable tool for the design and optimization of the fuel assembly to reduce the risk of fuel leaks caused by GTRF.
Acoustic Behavior of a Reactivated, Commercially Available Ultrasound Contrast Agent

Background Commercially available microbubbles such as Definity contain octafluoropropane encapsulated in a lipid shell. This perfluorocarbon can be compressed into liquid nanodroplets at room temperatures and activated with transthoracic diagnostic ultrasound. The aim of this study was to determine the size range and acoustic characteristics of Definity nanodroplets (DNDs) compared with Definity microbubbles (DMBs). Methods An in vitro flow system was used with a diagnostic ultrasound transducer (S5-1, iE33). DMBs were prepared using package insert instructions. DNDs were prepared by cooling DMBs in a −10°C to −15°C isopropyl alcohol bath before hand-pressurizing the solution. The formed DNDs were sized, diluted to 1% solutions, and infused continuously into a phosphate-buffered saline solution running within Silastic tubing. Acoustic intensity (AI) was compared with equivalent dilutions of DMBs at different mechanical indices (MIs) ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 ( n = 6 comparisons at each MI) using real-time 56-Hz and triggered 2-Hz frame rates (FRs). A 3-cm-thick tissue-mimicking phantom was used to simulate transthoracic attenuation. In vivo transthoracic studies were performed in four normal pigs infused with 10% intravenous infusions of DMBs or DNDs at real-time and triggered end-systolic FRs to compare differences in myocardial and left ventricular cavity AI. Results DNDs were smaller than DMBs and ranged in size from 50 to 1,000 nm. In vitro studies revealed that at an MI of 0.2 and an FR of 56 Hz, DMBs had high AI (37 ± 2 dB), but AI dropped to 25 ± 2 dB at an MI of 1.0 ( P P Conclusion These data indicate significant differences in acoustic responses of the commercially available DMBs when administered as an equivalent number of DNDs. The DND formulation may render them more useful for high-MI real-time imaging and other targeted transthoracic diagnostic applications.
Performance of 2G-HTS REBCO Undulator Coils Impregnated Epoxies Mixed With Different Fillers

The use of second-generation high-temperature superconducting-coated conductors enables an enhancement of the performance of undulator magnets. However, preventing the motion of the wire and providing sufficient conduction cooling to the winding stacks have remained challenges. In this study, we have evaluated epoxy impregnation techniques to address these issues. Epoxy resin was prepared with different nanopowders and the effect on the performance of the undulator coil pack was investigated. All epoxy impregnated coils showed smaller n values and some degree of deterioration of the critical current I c . The I c degradation was most pronounced for epoxy mixed with high aspect ratio multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). It has been found that the crack formation in the epoxy results in plastic deformation of the copper stabilizer layer, which causes the underlying ceramic REBCO superconducting layer to crack resulting in degradation of the superconducting tape performance. Careful adjustment of epoxy thickness surrounding the superconductor and the powder ratio in the epoxy eliminate the performance degradation.
O-014 Vision Outcomes for Paraclinoid Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters

Introduction Aneurysms of the paraclinoid region of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the interventions used to treat them often result in visual impairment. Because of the proximity of these aneurysms to the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery, between 16% and 53% of patients present with visual deficits. While flow diversion is increasingly used throughout endovascular neurosurgery, few studies have reported the visual outcomes of treating paraclinoid aneurysms with this technique or compared it to coiling or clipping. Hypothesis In order to satisfy demand for data on the visual outcomes for this new endovascular treatment modality and inform the contemporary management of paraclinoid aneurysms, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients with paraclinoid aneurysms treated at our site with a Pipeline embolization device (PED). Methods We compiled visual outcome data for 20 patients presenting with 26 paraclinoid aneurysms and treated at our site with flow diversion, 10 of whom (totaling 13 aneurysms) presented with visual impairment. We then reviewed vision outcomes in these patients at discharge and at 6 months, noting improved, unchanged, deteriorated, or newly impaired vision. We also performed an extensive literature review to compile data (1447 cases from 21 sites) on vision outcomes for paraclinoid aneurysms treated with clips (534 cases), coils (638), or flow diverters (275). Results Of twenty patients with 26 paraclinoid aneurysms treated at our site with a PED, ten patients (totaling 13 aneurysms with an average diameter of 7.1 mm) presented with preoperative visual impairment. Visual deficits were improved in 8 patients (80%) and unchanged in 2 (20%) following treatment. No patients experienced sustained worsening of their existing visual impairment, however one patient acquired postoperative iatrogenic vision impairment (5%). A literature review of paraclinoid aneurysm treatment revealed visual improvement rates of approximately 41% for clipping, 54% for coiling, and 73% for flow diversion, visual deterioration rates of approximately 14%, 23%, and 2%, and newly impaired vision rates of 9%, 3%, and 4%. Conclusion Compared to clipping and coiling, flow diversion demonstrates a higher rate of visual improvement and a lower rate of visual decline in patients with visually symptomatic paraclinoid aneurysms, with comparable risk of iatrogenic vision impairment. We report strong visual outcomes in patients treated at our site for paraclinoid aneurysms with a PED, including small aneurysms. Our results suggest that this new treatment modality yields improved vision outcomes in patients with paraclinoid aneurysms compared to clipping and coiling. Disclosures M. Silva: None. A. See: None. H. Dasenbrock: None. P. Khandelwal: None. N. Patel: None. M. Aziz-Sultan: 2; C; Covidien.
Friction between van der Waals Solids during Lattice Directed Sliding

Nanometer-scale crystals of the two-dimensional oxide molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) were formed atop the transition metal dichalcogenides MoS2 and MoSe2. The MoO3 nanocrystals are partially commensurate with the dichalcogenide substrates, being aligned only along one of the substrate’s crystallographic axes. These nanocrystals can be slid only along the aligned direction and maintain their alignment with the substrate during motion. Using an AFM probe to oscillate the nanocrystals, it was found that the lateral force required to move them increased linearly with nanocrystal area. The slope of this curve, the interfacial shear strength, was significantly lower than for macroscale systems. It also depended strongly on the duration and the velocity of sliding of the crystal, suggesting a thermal activation model for the system. Finally, it was found that lower commensuration between the nanocrystal and the substrate increased the interfacial shear, a trend opposite that predicted theoretically.
Hip Injury: MRI Pitfalls

There are numerous structures in and around the hip that can be injured, including intra-articular structures (such as the labrum, cartilage, or ligamentum teres), muscles, tendons, surrounding soft tissues, and osseous structures. In this chapter, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of the normal anatomy and select injuries of each of these structures are reviewed. Injuries discussed include labral tears, chondrosis, ligamentum teres tears, myotendinous avulsions and strains, muscle contusions, bursal pathology, fatigue and insufficiency fractures, and osseous contusions. Although each hip injury has relative characteristic features, there are also many normal anatomical variants and pathologies that may mimic injuries. The pitfalls in MRI and arthrography of the hip caused by anatomical variants or pathologies are highlighted and discussed.
Using Self-Organizing Map and Clustering to Investigate Problem-Solving Patterns in the Massive Open Online Course: An Exploratory Study:

This study investigated whether clustering can identify different groups of students enrolled in a massive open online course (MOOC). This study applied self-organizing map and hierarchical cluster...
Interactions between race/ethnicity, poverty status, and pregnancy cardio-metabolic diseases in prediction of postpartum cardio-metabolic health.

Background: Prenatal health disparities exist for African Americans and low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals when compared to non-Hispanic Whites and people of higher SES, particularly in cardio-metabolic diseases. Furthermore, having had a pregnancy-specific cardio-metabolic disease, e.g. preeclampsia, increases risk for future cardio-metabolic disease. Although these factors (race, SES and pregnancy cardio-metabolic disease) are interrelated, studies have rarely considered their combined effect on postpartum cardio-metabolic risk. The purpose of this study was to assess whether SES, race/ethnicity, and prenatal cardio-metabolic disease interact in the prediction of postpartum cardio-metabolic risk. Methods: A sample of 1,753 low-income women of African American, Latina, non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity was recruited after a birth in 5 US sites. Household income was used to categorize poverty status as Poor ( 200% FPL). Three prenatal cardio-metabolic disease diagnoses (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes) were identified from medical records. Four biomarkers (mean arterial pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin, total cholesterol:HDL ratio, and waist-hip ratio) were collected at 6 and 12 months postpartum, and combined into an average postpartum cardio-metabolic risk index. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, health behaviors and employment status were covariates. Results: Analyses revealed interactions of race/ethnicity, poverty status, and prenatal cardio-metabolic diseases in the prediction of postpartum cardio-metabolic risk. African American women had higher postpartum cardio-metabolic risk, which was exacerbated following a prenatal cardio-metabolic disease. Low/middle income African American women had higher cardio-metabolic risk compared to poor African American, and all Latina and White women. Conclusions: African American women, and especially those who experienced pregnancy complications, emerged as vulnerable, and greater household income did not appear to confer protection against worse postpartum cardio-metabolic risk for this group. These results highlight the complex interplay between socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity with respect to understanding health disparities.
Clinical Assessment of Malignant Hyperthermia Patients

A continuing goal of research in malignant hyperthermia (MH) is the identification of a reliable, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of MH susceptibility (MHS). A wide variety of approaches has been proposed; unfortunately, very few of these have been appropriately evaluated. We present an overview of these proposals, with a summary of the available evidence for or against each and an assessment of their clinical utility.
Post-intervention coronary pseudoaneurysm treated with a covered stent.

A 70-year-old man with extensive coronary disease underwent successful treatment of a complete restenosis of his right coronary artery (RCA) with everolimus-eluting stents. During the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a small wire-related perforation was noted in the proximal vessel (Fig. 1A). However, at the end of the procedure the perforation was no longer visible, and the patient was clinically stable (Fig. 1B). The perforation was not treated further. Fig. 1 A) Wire-related coronary perforation during treatment of total restenosis in the right coronary artery. Contrast extravasation is indicated by arrows. B) At the end of the intervention, no contrast extravasation was present. C) Brightness-enhanced ... The patient presented 7 months later with a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Angiography showed a discontinuity in the proximal stents (compare Fig. 1C and 1D) due to fracture or a new disruption in the overlap; it also showed a pseudoaneurysm at the site of the earlier wire perforation (Fig. 1E and 1F). Because of other coronary lesions and concomitant ischemic mitral regurgitation, the patient underwent 3-vessel bypass grafting and valve repair. The pseudoaneurysm could not be repaired surgically due to its deep intramyocardial location, the presence of a prior stent at the ostium, and uncertainty regarding the long-term patency of the vein graft to the RCA, which supplied collateral vessels to the left circumflex coronary artery. Therefore, a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent (JOSTENT®, Abbott Vascular, part of Abbott Laboratories; Redwood City, Calif) was used to successfully treat the pseudoaneurysm (Fig. 1G and 1H). The patient experienced no further clinical events related to the RCA. Angiography after 5 months revealed persistent exclusion (Fig. 1I).
Computed tomography with monochromatic x rays.

Recent advances in the development of synchrotron facilities that provide high-energy and high-flux x-ray beams allow the use of monochromatic x rays at a < 0.5% energy bandwidth (i.e. energy width of < 500 eV at 100 keV) for computed tomography (CT) of humans. Such CT systems will consist of a fixed, horizontal, low-divergence fan beam and a seated subject rotating about a vertical axis. Compared to conventional CT, the new system should significantly improve contrast resolution of the image and provide better image quantification because of its lack of beam-hardening effects and its efficient implementation of energy-selective imaging methods such as dual-photon absorptiometry and K-edge subtraction with high-atomic-number (high-Z) contrast-enhancement elements. Further, the nearly parallel synchrotron x-ray beam geometry minimizes patient-to-detector scattering when the detector is positioned far from the patient. The design considerations and the expected performance of monochromatic CT are described, in particular those of the CT being developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The potential applications of the method in neuroradiology, cardiac and vascular imaging, bone densitometry, lung imaging, and radiotherapy are discussed. The future of monochromatic CT in research and in clinical diagnostics is also reviewed, as are the prospects for development of compact sources of x rays with narrow-energy bandwidths.
Modulation of Calcium-Dependent Postsynaptic Depression Contributes to an Adaptive Sensory Filter

Bastian, Joseph. Modulation of calcium-dependent postsynaptic depression contributes to an adaptive sensory filter. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3352–3355, 1998. The ability of organisms to ignore unimport...
Review of Robertson’s The Passport in America: The History of a Document

Robertson, Craig. 2010. The Passport in America: The History of a Document. New York: Oxford University Press. 352pp. Paperback, $29.95 (US), ISBN-13: 978-0199733422.
Interest Rate Swap Market Complexity and Its Risk Management Implications

The primary objective of this paper is to study the post Dodd-Frank network structure of the interest rate swap market and propose a set of effective complexity measures to understand how the swap users respond to market risks. We use a unique swap dataset extracted from the swap data repositories (SDRs) to examine the network structure properties and market participants’ risk management behaviors. We find (a) the interest rate swap market follows a scale-free network where the power-law exponent is less than 2, which indicates that few of its important entities have a significant number of contracts within their subsidiaries (a.k.a. interaffiliated swap contracts); (b) swap rate volatility Granger-causes swap users to increase their risk sharing intensity at entity level, but market participants do not change their risk management strategies in general; (c) there is a significant contemporaneous correlation between the swap rate volatility and the underlying interest rate futures volatility. However, interest rate swap volatility does not cause the underlying interest rate futures volatility and vice versa. These findings provide the market regulators and swap users a better understanding of interest rate swap market participants’ risk management behaviors, and it also provides a method to monitor the swap market risk sharing dynamics.
Heller Myotomy for Epiphrenic Diverticula Compared to Nondiverticula Esophageal Motility Disorders, A Single Institution Experience and Appraisal of Patient Characteristics, High-Resolution Manometry and Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare demographics, symptoms, prior interventions, operation, and outcomes of patients who underwent Heller myotomy for esophageal motility disorders and epiphrenic diverticulectomy with Heller myotomy. Methods We identified all patients who underwent Heller myotomy for esophageal motility disorders with and without esophageal diverticulectomy over an 80-month period. Primary data points included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, prior intervention, high-resolution manometry, surgery performed with rate of laparoscopic, conversion to open, and open procedures; postoperative complications, and symptom resolution. Results Over the study period, 308 Heller esophagomyotomy operations were performed on 301 patients. Of these, 277 cases were without epiphrenic diverticula and 31 included diverticula. One patient with an asymptomatic epiphrenic diverticulum did not undergo surgery was included, for a total of 32 diverticula patients. Six patients in the non-diverticula group and 1 in the diverticula group required a second operation for recurrent symptoms or residual diverticulum. The diverticula group was significantly older, had different manometry findings, required more open operations, and had longer length of stay. The diverticula group had a lower frequency of patients with prior interventions, but similar postoperative leaks, higher overall postoperative complications, and no difference in reported symptomatic improvement. Conclusions Esophageal diverticula patients have a unique profile compare to patients with non-diverticula motility disorders. Operations are more complex, with increased complication rate and a longer length of stay. In spite of this, there is no statistically significant difference in symptomatic outcomes between the groups.
The State of Our Unions: Exploring Relationship Quality among Dyadic Couple Homeowners

AbstractRelationship stability represents a major economic interest not only to Florida, but to every state in the nation. The cumulative expenses related to relationship dissolution (including lit...
Meat Consumption and Health: Food for Thought

This issue includes 5 systematic reviews and new recommendations regarding consumption of red and processed meat and health outcomes. The editorialists discuss the findings and the insight they off...
A Survey of the Academic Engagement of Students with Visual Impairments in General Education Classes

General educators (n = 79) answered a questionnaire regarding the engagement of students with visual impairments who were enrolled in their classes. These students were identified as being only mod...
The role of oral health in an evolving health care delivery system: An interview with Bruce Donoff, D.M.D., M.D.

Abstract This interview is focused on the role that dentistry, and oral health more broadly, can play in improving the quality, accessibility, and value of health care delivered in the United States. The interview touches on the importance of oral health, transitioning from interprofessional education to interprofessional practice, and the opportunity for dental professionals to participate in value-based reimbursement models, among other related topics.
Bivalirudin resistance in a patient on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a therapeutic response to argatroban.

A 48-year-old male patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for hypoxaemic respiratory failure failed to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation with bivalirudin after continuous dose escalations, and continued to have recurrent fibrin stranding in the circuit over a 6-day course of treatment. Suspecting bivalirudin resistance, the patient was transitioned to argatroban and achieved a therapeutic response in less than 24 hours. The case describes the challenges of anticoagulation in ECMO supported patients. The interplay between bivalirudin metabolism, renal replacement therapy, and immunological effects leading to a heparin-like-effect, inflammatory mediators, and thrombotic burdens may all impact the clinical effect during bivalirudin therapy. The structural biochemistry of thrombin and bivalirudin likely plays a role in the presented patient’s successful response to argatroban. Bivalirudin may fail at achieving therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with genetic thrombin mutations or structural defects that alter the binding pockets at the thrombin exosites.
Laser processing as a high-throughput method to investigate microstructure-processing-property relationships in multiprincipal element alloys

Abstract A direct laser deposition processing method was applied to construct compositional and microstructural libraries of AlxCoCrFeNi in an efficient and high-throughput manner. Among the compositions (x = 0.51–1.25) and quench rates (26–6400 K/s) studied, most of the laser deposited alloys exhibit a cellular microstructure, similar to the cast materials. The microstructural feature sizes were found to follow a power law relationship with the quench rate. The dependence of the microhardness on microstructural length scale was also investigated and observed to follow a Hall-Petch relationship. This study indicates that laser processing is an effective method for rapidly and efficiently evaluating multiprincipal element alloys and their microstructures.
HEMOPERICARDIUM WITH CARDIAC TAMPONADE DURING AN INFERIOR STEMI DUE TO RUPTURE OF THE LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL: WHERE IS THE CULPRIT LESION?

In this era of PCI, it is important to recognize patients with acute coronary syndrome complicated by left ventricular wall rupture. A 62-year-old woman presented with an acute inferior STEMI and hypotension. Diagnostic coronary angiography revealed 80% stenosis of mid LAD, 70% stenosis of first OM
Entrepreneurship, fear of failure, and economic policy

Abstract The previous literature finds that self-reported ‘fear of failure’ has a significant negative effect on individuals’ choice to become entrepreneurs. We hypothesize this effect is lessened in economies with a larger number of additional, alternative, entrepreneurial opportunities to pursue if a failure occurs. Prior literature also concludes the number of entrepreneurial opportunities is enhanced significantly by having policies and institutions consistent with higher levels of economic freedom. We therefore test and confirm that fear of failure hurts the entrepreneurial process less when levels of economic freedom are higher as there are more additional chances for failed entrepreneurs to pursue.
The Digital Services Act Package: Reflections on the EU Commission’s Policy Options

The forthcoming Digital Services Act package (DSA) is a legislative initiative to regulate online digital platforms, including online marketplaces, social media platforms, search engines, video gaming platforms and other information society services and internet service providers. As the first major piece of legislation for the sector since the e-Commerce Directive of 2000, it will define what the internet will be for years to come and impact internet governance not only in Europe, but globally. In addition to general rules applicable to all platforms, specific obligations will apply to ‘very large online platforms’ or ‘gatekeepers’. The initiative comes at the right time: COVID-19 is making obvious how much citizens, workers, consumers and businesses depend on digital services and online digital platforms. Online digital platforms enable web-based jobs or digital labour. This key aspect is not covered by the DSA package, it will be addressed through an ‘enhanced framework’ in 2021. Given the negative impact of platform work on labour conditions, security and worker protection, the DSA should not remain blind to the responsibilities platforms have towards the people they employ and leave this issue for later.
The relationship between development assistance for health and public health financing in 134 countries between 2000 and 2015.

This paper utilizes causal time-series and panel techniques to examine the relationship between development assistance for health (DAH) and domestic health spending, both public and private, in 134 countries between 2000 and 2015. Data on 237 656 donor transactions from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's DAH and Health Expenditure datasets are merged with economic, demographic and health data from the World Bank Databank and World Health Organization's Global Health Observatory. Arellano-Bond system GMM estimation is used to assess the effect of changes in DAH on domestic health spending and health outcomes. Analyses are conducted for the entire health sector and separately for HIV, TB and malaria financing. Results show that DAH had no significant impact on overall domestic public health investment. For HIV-specific investments, a $1 increase in on-budget DAH was associated with a $0.12 increase in government spending for HIV. For the private sector, $1 in DAH is associated with a $0.60 and $0.03 increase in prepaid private spending overall and for malaria, with no significant impact on HIV spending. Results demonstrate that a 1% increase in public financing reduced under-5 mortality by 0.025%, while a 1% increase in DAH had no significant effect on reducing under-5 mortality. The relationships between DAH and public health financing suggest that malaria and HIV-specific crowding-in effects are offset by crowding-out effects in other unobserved health sectors. The results also suggest policies that crowd-in public financing will likely have larger impacts on health outcomes than DAH investments that do not crowd-in public spending.
Multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging system with Si avalanche photodetector: a better platform for clinical application

We report the design, development, and characterization of the first multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging platform designed for clinical application based on avalanche photodiodes (APD). Consistent and accurate measurement of fluorescence lifetimes is achieved. Fast dynamic gain adjustment via APD bias modulation is implemented independently for each spectral channel, maximizing photon economy and greatly improving signal quality. Compared to conventional MCP-PMT based systems, the new platform presents 5-fold reduction of lifetime measurement variability under identical experiment conditions. This improved photon economy leads to 35 times faster coverage of imaging field in clinical practice with identical tissue exposure, making the new platform better suited for clinical application.
Going Feminine: Identifying How and When Female Candidates Emphasize Feminine and Masculine Traits on the Campaign Trail:

Female candidates face a messaging challenge. There is a strong association between masculinity and political leadership. Stressing masculinity can result in a likability backlash for female candid...
Open Cholecystectomy for the New Learner-Obstacles and Challenges.

Background Laparoscopy has become the standard of care in most general surgery procedures. This has led to a decrease in the number of open surgical procedures for surgical training, particularly as senior surgeons retire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of retiring senior surgeons on our residents' operative experience. Methods Cholecystectomies performed between Jan 2010 and Dec 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgeons training residents were divided into two groups based on their training experience. Group 1 were trained in the prelaparoscopic era, and group 2 were trained during the age of laparoscopy. We then evaluated the impact of retirement on the number of open cholecystectomies performed. Results There were 4555 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at our institution over a 7-year period. Overall conversion rate was 1.5% (66/4555). Conversion rates were higher in group 1 as compared to group 2. The analysis of the number of open cases performed by each graduating resident showed reduction in the number of open cholecystectomies performed over time. Conclusion The decline in the number of open cholecystectomies creates a challenge for the training of general surgery residents. To compensate, we have employed simulation curriculum with the use of cadaveric surgical anatomy courses. Additionally, with transplant curriculum, open cholecystectomy experience has increased with liver transplant exposure. Continued laparoscopic experience has also shown that advanced laparoscopic techniques such as top down dissection laparoscopically have decreased the need for conversion to open and are skills that graduating residents possess.