cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fiber Optic Versus Direct Laser Delivery For Endarterectomy Of Experimental Atheromas

Direct laser energy delivery was compared to fiber optic laser energy delivery by the performance of open laser endarterectomy in the rabbit arteriosclerosis model. In Group I, 6 open laser endarterectomies were performed with a hand-held CO 2 laser (10.6 pm). In Group II, 6 open laser endarterectomies were performed with an argon ion laser (488 nm and 514.5 nm) with the laser beam directed through a 400 μm quartz fiber optic. Gross and light microscopic examination revealed uneven endarterectomy surfaces and frequent perforations at the end points in Group I. In Group II, the endarterectomy surfaces were even and the end points were fused with a tapered transition. Energy density for Group I was 38 ±5 J/cm 2 . Energy density for Group II was 110±12 J/cm 2 . CO 2 laser energy was better absorbed by arteriosclerotic rabbit aortas than argon ion laser energy, but it could not be as easily controlled. We conclude that a more precise endarterectomy can be performed with fiber optic delivery of laser energy.
Mass dependence of the /sup 3/He optical potential at 40 MeV

The elastic scattering of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ions has been studied at 39.7 MeV from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{105}\mathrm{Pd}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ at angles between 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The data are analyzed in terms of the optical model. A standard geometry is used to study the mass dependence of the real and imaginary well depths obtained from analysis of our data and that of others. The utility of a spin-orbit term is discussed. Continuous ambiguities of the geometrical parameters are examined. Improvements in the standard geometry are considered.
Interface Language for Diagnostic Control

The neutron multichannel collimator diagnostic on TFTR is run with the help of a keyboard-entered interface language. The language allows the user to interact with the real-time control and data analysis systems in a consistent and efficient manner. It uses a vocabulary that can be abbreviated into one character commands which the proficient user may concatenate into command words. This allows the user to progress quickly from a novice to an expert operating mode. A similar type interface language could be applied to many interactive applications accepting keyboard inputs.
An Aristotelian Theory of Divine Illumination: Robert Grosseteste's Commentary on the Posterior Analytics

Two central accounts of human cognition emerge over the course of the Middle Ages: the theory of divine illumination and an Aristotelian theory centred on knowledge abstracted from sense data. Typi...
Development and Reliability of the Research Version of the Minnesota Handwriting Test

Poor handwriting is often the trigger for evaluation by occupational therapists of students in special education programs, yet psychometrically strong tests for assessing primary grade printing are lacking. The Minnesota Handwriting Test was developed to meet the need of occupational therapists for an educationally relevant, norm-referenced test that can identify students with handwriting difficulties as well as document treatment effectiveness. In this report, the development of the research version of the test and studies of the test's reliability are reported.
CONGENITAL SCROTAL AGENESIS: DESCRIPTION OF A RARE ANOMALY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Anomalies of the scrotum are uncommon. The most frequent malformations include bifid scrotum, scrotal ectopia and penile scrotal transposition. Congenital scrotal agenesis (CSA) is an extremely rare phenomenon, with only 3 cases reported in the worldwide literature. We report a case of CSA in an infant and review the current literature to identify possible congenital associations, diagnostic approaches and surgical reconstructive options. A MEDLINE search was performed for the period January 1965 to December 2003 using the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed Internet site.
A multi-disciplinary approach for digital systems design curricula

Historically, Digital Systems Design curricula have focused principally on the hardware design aspects of systems development. At Arizona State University, we have expanded our Digital Systems Design program to include aspects of computer architecture, assembly language programming, and operating systems fundamentals, as well. We feel that this larger focus provides the students with a comprehensive understanding of the overall system development process. In this paper, we discuss our philosophy and examine a course sequence that incorporates this multi-disciplinary approach.
Straight as an Arrow: Reading Confucius Archetypally

L'A. montre la permanence du mythe de Yu, maitre des flots, dans la tradition confucienne, malgre le passage du paradigme mythologique a une forme de pensee philosophique au VI e siecle. La dimension pratique du confucianisme justifie ce changement de style dans les rites qui definissent le comportement droit comme la voie de l'homme vertueux
Calculation of Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficients in a Packed Tower Operating With a Desiccant-Air Contact System

Packed towers can be used for solar regeneration of aqueous solutions and dehumidification of air using aqueous solutions. These processes involve simultaneous heat and mass transfer with heat effects. In order to design a packed tower for aqueous solution-air contacting operations, heat and mass transfer coefficients for each phase are required. For the present study, aqueous calcium chloride solution is used; ceramic Raschig rings and Berl saddles are used as the packing materials. In this paper air phase transfer coefficients are correlated with flow rates of air and liquid and the temperature of air, whereas liquid phase coefficients are correlated with rates of air and liquid flow, and the temperature and concentration of the liquid.
Review of Hardware for PTCA

There is a growing inventory of dilatation hardware at the disposal of the interventional cardiologist. The purpose of this review is to compare the distinguishing features of current and anticipated equipment which should be considered in the selection of hardware for performing coronary angioplasty (PTCA). New guiding catheters designed to improve “back-up” support for difficult anatomic variants include the hockey stick, the El Gamal, the Arani, the FR 3.5 ALT, and the AL 0.75 and ALR 1.2 Amplatz models. New “micro” dilatation catheters include the Mini-Profile and Skinny catheters, which combine independent wire movement and low profile shafts (3.5 F), and the Probe, which is currently the catheter with the lowest profile shaft (1.7 F) and balloon (0.020” for a 2.0-mm diameter balloon). The low profile of the Probe allows it to be used alongside a conventional 4.3 F dilatation catheter within the new 9 F Giant Lumen guiding catheter, which has an internal diameter of 0.088″. The forthcoming “monorail” catheters will provide the operator with a low profile, “over-the-wire” system that can be exchanged for a different balloon size or a perfusion catheter without using an extension or exchange wire. Two innovations in guidewire technology are the Dilating Guide Wire (DGW) and the Buchbinder Om-niflex catheter. The DGW features a 1.5-mm diameter balloon with a deflated profile of 0.018” that can be accommodated within the Trac and Trac Plus series of dilatation catheters. The Buchbinder Omniflex catheter is designed so that the distal tip of the wire can be rotated and flexed via controls on the proximal hub of the catheter, permitting shaping of the tip without removal of the catheter. Selection of appropriate equipment from the vast array of PTCA hardware will allow the operator to minimize the cost and maximize both the safety and success of dilating a coronary stenosis. (J Interven Cardiol 1988:1:3)
Registered Nurse Scope of Practice and ED Complaint-Specific Protocols

Introduction The use of complaint-specific protocols (CSPs) by emergency registered nurses (RNs) can improve ED efficiency. However, RN practice is influenced by regulatory environments that may facilitate or inhibit the use of protocols. The purpose of this policy analysis was to explore the language of state boards of nursing scope-of-practice documents related to the use of RN-initiated CSPs in the ED setting. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used to investigate how the RN's scope of practice relates to the use of CSPs in ED settings across states. Data were collected from state boards of nursing Web site documents. Results Three major themes emerged: cautiously within scope, intentionally vague/silent, and outside scope. Seven states (Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, and Oklahoma) were identified where RN-initiated CSPs appear to be currently outside the RN's scope of practice. Therefore 18% of the US population, or 55,973,900 people, resides in states where CSPs are not allowed. Discussion State-to-state inconsistencies in the RN's scope of practice may interfere with the implementation of practices that enhance ED efficiency. RNs in all states must ensure that they have the requisite knowledge, skill, and documented competency to implement CSPs, if supported by their employing facility. Efforts to standardize ED RN education and policy are warranted. Continued research is needed assess the impact of RN-initiated CSPs on the efficiency of ED care.
Effect of Film Curvature on Drainage of Thin Liquid Films

Thin liquid films are considered to be the basic structural elements of foam and emulsion systems. Consequently, the structure and stability of macro-dispersions are highly dependent on the dynamic structure formation and stability of a single, thin, curved film between unequal-sized bubbles and droplets as in a polydispersed foam and emulsion system. A novel experimental technique based on the differential microinterferometric method has been used to investigate the dynamic behavior of such curved foam films. The simple theoretical drainage model of Reynolds was used to calculate the drainage time for both curved and plane-parallel films, and the results were compared with the experimental observations. It was found that for thicker films (i.e., greater than 100 nm), the curved film drained twice as slowly as the plane-parallel film. However, at a film thickness less than 100 nm, the plane-parallel film has a lower rate of thinning compared to the curved film.
Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest: Research initiatives and future directions

At present, fewer than 10% of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts prehospital or in hospitals outside special care units result in survival without brain damage. Minimizing response times and optimizing CPR performance would improve results. A breakthrough, however, can be expected to occur only when cerebral resuscitation research has achieved consistent conscious survival after normothermic cardiac arrest (no flow) times of not only five minutes but up to ten minutes. Most cerebral neurons and cardiac myocytes tolerate normothermic ischemic anoxia of up to 20 minutes. Particularly vulnerable neurons die, in part, because of the complex secondary postreflow derangements in vital organs (the postresuscitation syndrome) which can be mitigated. Brain-orientation of CPR led to the cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) system of basic, advanced, and prolonged life support. In large animal models with cardiac arrest of 10 to 15 minutes, external CPR, life support of at least three days, and outcome evaluation, the numbers of conscious survivors (although not with normal brain histology) have been increased with more effective reperfusion by open-chest CPR or emergency cardiopulmonary bypass, an early hypertensive bout, early postarrest calcium entry blocker therapy, or mild cerebral hypothermia (34 C) immediately following cardiac arrest. More than ten drug treatments evaluated have not reproducibly mitigated brain damage in such animal models. Controlled clinical trials of novel CPCR treatments reveal feasibility and side effects but, in the absence of a breakthrough effect, may not discriminate between a treatment's ability to mitigate brain damage in selected cases and the absence of any treatment effect. More intensified, coordinated, multicenter cerebral resuscitation research is justified.
The mechanism of step propagation and pyramid formation on the (100) plane of copper from in situ nomarski-optical studies

Abstract In situ observations of copper electrodeposits on to the (100) plane of copper from highly purified, solutions of CuSO 4 , and from highly purified solutions to which n -decylamine was added to concentrations of 10 −4 –10 −10 mole l , have been made using Nomarski interference contrast and polarized interferometry. In pure solutions, at current densities of 5 and 10 mA cm 2 pyramids form, which, at higher current densities, easily truncate and gradually transform into blocks and cubic layers. Truncation is facilitated by addition of small amounts ( −7 mole l ) of n -decylamine. Layers, which develop along with pyramids, have their origin in misorientation of substrate. In the presence of n - decylamine (⩾ 10 −7 mole l ), a ridge type of deposit forms. Mechanism of the formation of various types of deposit, the rates of their growth, and the role of surface active agents in the formation of layers with macro-steps are discussed.
Constructing MANET Simulation Scenarios That Meet Standards

Choosing an appropriate simulation scenario to study the performance of a MANET routing protocol is an important process. For example, routing will not be properly evaluated when a simulation scenario with a low average hop count or a large degree of network partitioning is used. To ensure that a simulation scenario provides an effective platform for testing a MANET routing protocol, we recommend that researchers use two metrics to characterize their simulation scenarios: the average shortest-path hop count and the average amount of network partitioning. In this paper, we provide researchers with several models that take the desired values for these two metrics as inputs, and output the simulation area and number of nodes required to create a simulation scenario that meets the researcher's target values for these two metrics to a close approximation. In this way, we provide several models that researchers can use to construct simulation scenarios that meet their standards in the evaluation of a MANET routing protocol.
Mechanical instability of gels at the phase transition

Polymer gels, consisting of a cross-linked polymer network immersed in liquid, undergo a volume phase transition: when external conditions such as temperature or solvent composition change, a gel reversibly swells or shrinks, but does so discontinuously1–5. The volume change at the transition can be as large as a factor of one thousand2, and the phenomenon occurs in all gels6,7. The equilibrium aspects of the phase transition have been extensively studied, but its kinetics have not yet been fully explored. In particular, the appearance of patterns on the originally smooth surface of a gel during the transition makes the kinetic process difficult to understand. Here we elucidate the physical basis underlying the formation and evolution of the pattern.
Upper bounds on fluctuational power absorption in a turbulent pinch

An upper bound is given for the fluctuational power absorption in a steady, driven reversed‐field pinch. The functional χ, which is the ratio of the power dissipated by fluctuations to the mean Ohmic power, is expressed in terms of the mean magnetic field B0 by using energy conservation. Maxima of χ are obtained from a variational principle which includes the helicity and toroidal flux constraints. The largest upper bound is found with the natural boundary condition derived from the variational principle itself. It is shown that the theoretical bound is not inconsistent with observations from the Los Alamos ZT‐40M experiment [Phys. Fluids 27, 1671 (1984)].
Comparison of helium‐neon and dye lasers for the excitation of allophycocyanin

Allophycocyanin (APC) has a broad absorption spectrum permitting several different lasers to be used to excite this dye in a flow cytometer. A comparison was made between a dye laser and a helium-neon (HeNe) laser for the excitation of APC as an immunofluorescent chromophore. The ratio of fluorescence of stained to unstained lymphocytes (signal to background) was used to assess differences in sensitivity. In determining the best wavelength for operating the dye laser, it was found that there was little difference in the ability to separate the positive-labelled cells from the unstained cells using 600 nm or 633 nm light for excitation of APC. A study of the effect of laser power on the signal to background identified a nonlinear relationship. It was found that the sensitivity obtained with 47 mW of 633 nm light from a HeNe laser was near the maximum attainable. This sensitivity was comparable to that obtained using phycoerythrin as an immunofluorescence chromophore. APC had the added advantage of being applicable to the study of highly autofluorescent cells. Exciting this chromophore using red light dramatically decreased the autofluorescence observed even on alveolar macrophages.
Leveraging Bluetooth Consumer Electronics as Proximity Sensors to Construction Health Hazards

There are numerous hazards on construction sites. Significant research has focused on using advanced technologies to prevent collisions between moving construction equipment and workers. Relatively few studies have focused on advanced technologies to quantify worker exposure to long-term health hazards, such as noise, fumes, silica dust and other exposure hazards. One possible technology is wireless Bluetooth systems to quantify exposure risk. A series of tests was designed to investigate leveraging consumer Bluetooth enabled devices as a platform to determine the proximity of a construction worker to potential construction hazards. Bluetooth enabled devices were tested in controlled studies to determine the characteristics of the signal detection and signal strength. The controlled studies demonstrated the viability of estimating the distance between a Bluetooth receiver and emitting device. In a field test, the receiver system performed reasonably well and the system was able to determine when workers w...
Slit-Lamp Examination of the Bedridden Patient

Slit-lamp examination of bedridden patients is facilitated by using a stretcher with the patient lying prone and holding the head erect.
THE EFFECT OF DONOR AGE ON THE IN VITRO LIFE SPAN OF CULTURED HUMAN ARTERIAL SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS

The number of population doublings of cultured human arterial smooth-muscle cells decreased as a function of donor age (0.5 to 82 years). Cells from older donors als showed longer latent periods for outgrowth from explants. These results extend other comprable observations with human skin fibroblasts to another cell type, and may have relevance to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with aging in vivo.
The effects of teacher immediacy and clarity on instructional outcomes: An intercultural assessment

The present investigation examined: 1) the correlations between teacher verbal and nonverbal immediacy and teacher clarity for ethnically diverse students, and 2) the correlations of verbal and nonverbal immediacy and clarity with four instructional outcomes for ethnically diverse students. A unidimensional measure of teacher clarity was developed for the present investigation. Cultural differences were found in the relationships among verbal and nonverbal immediacy and teacher clarity. The results also indicated that teacher clarity, teacher verbal immediacy and teacher nonverbal immediacy significantly correlated with instructional outcomes for each group in all but one case. The implications of these findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Predictive Utility of Four Methods of Incorporating Parent and Teacher Symptom Ratings of ADHD for Longitudinal Outcomes

Despite robust evidence that parents and teachers provide incremental validity in the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), far less is known about the predictive utility of various strategies for incorporating these multi-informant data. Thus, we compared the 2-year predictive validity of four common assessment methods (i.e., algorithms) for ADHD symptoms--(a) parent only, (b) teacher only, (c) parent or teacher ("or rule"), and (d) parent and teacher ("and rule")--with respect to psychopathology and multidomain functional outcomes. At baseline, separate parent and teacher ratings of ADHD were obtained from an ethnically diverse (53% non-White) sample of 195 6- to 10-year-old children (30% female) to classify children according to the 4 algorithms. We then evaluated the predictive validity of each baseline ADHD algorithm with respect to its prediction of separate measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, as well as normed ratings of academic and social impairment obtained at a 2-year follow-up. The "or rule" algorithm, based on symptoms being endorsed by either informant, optimally predicted psychopathology and functional outcomes relative to the other algorithms. These findings converge with previous evidence that incorporating data from multiple informants, and more sensitive approaches in particular, provide incremental validity in the assessment of ADHD.
Electric Circuit Models of the Schrödinger Equation

Equivalent circuits are developed to represent the Schr\"odinger amplitude equation for one, two, and three independent variables in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems. The networks allow the assumption of any arbitrary potential energy and may be solved, within any desired degree of accuracy, either by an a.c. network analyzer, or by numerical and analytical circuit methods. It is shown that by varying the impressed frequency on a network of inductors and capacitors (or by keeping the frequency constant and varying the capacitors), it is possible to find by measurements the eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and the statistical mean of various operators belonging to the system represented. The electrical model may, of course, be replaced by an analogous mechanical model containing moving masses and springs. At first the network for the one-dimensional wave equation for a single particle in Cartesian coordinates is developed in detail, then the general case. A companion paper contains results of a study made on an a.c. network analyzer of one-dimensional problems: a potential well, a double barrier, the harmonic oscillator, and the rigid rotator. The curves show good agreement, within the accuracy of the instruments, with the known eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and "tunnel" effects.
Adaptation of myofibrils to a microstructured polymeric substrate

Myofibrils are functional contractile elements in skeleton and cardiac muscle cells of vertebrates and in skeleton muscle cells of invertebrates. Each myofibril consists of parallel filaments, allowing maximal contraction performance. When these muscle cells are cultured in vitro, this parallel arrangement is often disrupted due to cell remodeling. The contractile performance of the muscle cells is thus deteriorated. In this paper, we present a microstructured polymeric substrate to regulate the reassembly of the myofibrils during cell remodeling. The results show the myofibrils in long-term cultured heart muscle cells are reassembled directionally, along longitudinal axis of the microstructured polymeric sidewalls. This directional arrangement is further validated by monitoring the mechanical performance of the living cells, using embedded polymeric microstructures. This work opens a door for orientation of subcellular elements using microstructured extracellular environments, and is the basis for development of in vitro assembled muscle patches.
Loss of HSF1 Results in Defective Radiation-Induced G2 Arrest and DNA Repair

Abstract HSF1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to heat stress and was previously shown by us to also be essential for importation of p53 into the nucleus. Here we extend these studies and show that loss of HSF1 renders cells more sensitive to killing by ionizing radiation. Cells that lack a functional HSF1 were unable to arrest in G2 after exposure to ionizing radiation, suggesting that HSF1 activity was essential for activation of this cell cycle checkpoint. In addition, cells with no HSF1 showed a reduced capacity to repair radiation-induced double-stranded DNA breaks. We found that in these cells 53BP1 did not accumulate at sites of DNA damage, suggesting that HSF1 was also essential for the functioning of this DNA damage mediator. Taken together our results indicate that HSF1 plays an important role in checkpoint activation and DNA repair and suggest that there is overlap between the heat stress response pathway and the pathway that responds to ionizing radiation.
Preoperative Teaching on a Gynecology Unit

The patient undergoing gynecologic surgery may have many questions and concerns. The nurse, whose role includes teaching and counseling, can provide important information to help allay patient fears and answer questions. A preoperative class on a gynecology unit, presented by nurses, is described below. Recommendations are given for problems that may be encountered when implementing such a class.
A comparison of the effects of alcohol on mice selectively bred for differences in ethanol sleep-time

Abstract The activities of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were virtually identical in two lines of mice selectively bred for differences in “sleep-time” to ethanol. Similarly, the rates of blood ethanol disappearance were identical for these mouse lines. The ED50 values for loss of righting reflex with ethanol were approximately two-fold greater in the short-sleep than in the long-sleep mice. These results suggest that the two lines of mice differ in their central nervous system sensitivity to ethanol.
The Landslide Victory That Wasn't: The Bias Toward Consistency in Recall of Election Support1

Experiments that test for the judgmental bias that results from a preference for cognitive consistency often contain two threats to their internal validity. First, the subjects are asked to make judgments about themselves. Thus, the biases that result may be explained in terms of cognitive consistency or the motivation to see oneself in a positive light. Second, the decision subjects are asked to make is often difficult to verify objectively. The present research sought evidence in support of cognitive consistency using a methodology that avoided these two confounds. The context chosen was the tendency of perceivers to use the outcome of a group decision to make inferences about the magnitude of group members’ support for the outcome. The present experiment examined whether people in Richmond, Virginia, would use the outcome of a gubernatorial election to make decisions regarding the percentage of people in favor of the winning candidate. Although the winner won by less than one-half of one percent of the popular vote, we found that the subjects significantly overestimated the degree of voter support he received and underestimated the degree of support his opponent received. Moreover, this tendency was exacerbated over time.
On the Use of Meshless Methods in Acoustic Simulations

In this paper, we are investigating the potential and limits of a meshless Lagrangian technique, called Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), as a method for acoustic simulations. Currently the most common techniques for acoustic simulations draw on mesh-based methods such as the Boundary Element Method (BEM), Finite Differences Method (FD) and Finite Element Method (FEM). Though many improvements have been made to each class of methods during the last few years, they still have their weaknesses. Difficulties arise as soon as inhomogeneous media, moving boundaries or aeroacoustic effects are involved. These problems are either particularly hard to describe or cannot be simulated with some of these mesh-based methods. The investigation of SPH for modeling sound propagation is carried out in order to assess its potential in relation to the limitations associated with the existing simulation methods listed above. Simple computational experiments will be carried out for the verification of the new approach and applications on the problems listed above will be discussed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A Model of Factors Correlated to Homeownership:The Case of Utah

This article examines the relationship between homeownership and socioeconomic, demographic, and market factors in Utah. Units of analyses were census-designated places. The goal was to provide a model that can be replicated by housing specialists and consumer scientists to gain a better understanding of how homeownership (dependent variable) differs from place to place and how this variation relates to socioeconomic index, population density, affordability ratio, and the median value of owner occupied housing units (independent variables). The 1990 data set was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Homeownership percentages were regressed on the linear combination of the socioeconomic scale, log of population density, and affordability ratios. Log of population density was the factor that explained most of the variance. The interaction equation slightly improved the explanatory power, accounting for more than 50% of the variance.
Observations of Low-Latitude Plasma Density Enhancements and their Associated Plasma Drifts

Plasma density structures are frequently encountered in the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere by probes on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. Of particular interest to us here are plasma density enhancements, which are typically observed +/- 15 deg away from the magnetic equator. The low inclination of the C/NOFS satellite offers an unprecedented opportunity to examine these structures and their associated electric fields and plasma velocities, including their field-aligned components, along an east-west trajectory. Among other observations, the data reveal a clear asymmetry in the velocity structure within and around these density enhancements. Previous observations have shown that the peak change in drift velocity associated with a density enhancement occurs simultaneously both perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field, while the 1results in this paper show that the peak change in parallel fl ow typically occurs 25-100 km to the east of the peak perpendicular ow. We discuss this and other aspects of the observations in relation to the characteristics of the plasma depletions formed near the magnetic equator detected by the same probes on the C/NOFS satellite and to previous observations and theories.
Abstract 859: CDK11 (PITSLRE) kinase expression is critical for human cancer cell growth and proliferation

In the search to identify kinases required for human cancer cell growth, we found CDK11 (PITSLRE) by a comprehensive human kinome-wide shRNA screen to be critical for human cancer cell growth and proliferation. We observed that the expression level of CDK11 was elevated in a variety of human cancer cells and tumor tissues. Furthermore, knock-down of CDK11 either by lentiviral shRNA or by synthetic siRNA inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. In these cells, suppression of CDK11 reduces the expression of several antiapoptotic genes essential for tumor cell survival and proliferation including MCL-1, BcL-XL and survivin. We showed by immunohistochemical analysis that osteosarcoma and ovarian cancer patients with high CDK11 tumor expression levels were associated with significantly shorter survival than patients with lower expression levels of CDK11 expression. Systemic administration of In Vivo Ready siRNA of CDK11 reduced tumor growth in an osteosarcoma s.c. xenograft model. Taken together, these observations suggest that CDK11 signaling is essential in human cancer cell growth and survival. CDK11 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 859. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-859
Synthesis of Pyridine-2-aldoxime-C14 Methiodide (2-PAM-C14 Iodide)

A procedure is described for the synthesis of C-14 oxime-labeled pyridine-2-al-doxime methiodide. Picolinamide-C 14 is prepared from 2-bromo-pyridine and potassium cyanide-C 14 . This amide is used in the synthesis of 2-picolinyl-C 14 -benzene-sulfonyl hydrazide which, upon decomposition with heat and alkali, yields pyridine-2-aldehyde-C 14 . Pyridine-2-aldoxime-C 14 is readily obtained from the aldehyde. Treatment of the oxime with methyl iodide in benzyl alcohol yields the desired 2-PAM iodide.
Shape instability in thin viscous films and jets

The theory of viscous liquid films and thin jets as two- and one-dimensional continua is examined. Theoretical results are presented concerning a special type of instability which leads to the loss of smoothness of the shape (wrinkling) and associated with the failure of hyperbolicity of the governing equations. The conditions for different types of such an instability are formulated in the closed analytical form.
Free-standing, erect ultrahigh-aspect-ratio polymer nanopillar and nanotube ensembles.

Free-standing polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate) or cyclic olefin copolymer) nanopillar and nanotube ensembles with previously unreported, ultrahigh aspect ratios (300 to > 1600) were fabricated via anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-based methods that utilize a dilute, aqueous H 3 PO 4 template etchant followed by freeze drying removal of the aqueous medium. Good replication of the AAO template by either solutions of the polymeric materials or molten polymer was achieved by using ultrasonic degassing and vacuum conditions. Classical surface wetting and viscoelastic fluid rheology theories were applied to explain the formation of polymer nanopillars and nanotubes in the aluminum oxide templates. The utilization of dilute H 3 PO 4 for etching the AAO template and freeze-drying removal of the environmental liquid allows for the preparation of free-standing, erect, and ordered polymeric nanopillars or nanotubes that show much promise for use in biological microelectromechanical systems that target biological analyses.
Improving Reliability of a Sequential Machine by Error-Correcting State Assignments

The problem considered in this paper is the design of a checking experiment which will determine from observation of input-output behavior whether a sequential switching circuit is operating correctly. An input sequence is applied to the circuit, and the output sequence is observed and compared to the correct output sequence which has been determined from the state table corresponding to the correctly operating circuit. The sequential machines under consideration here must be 1) strongly connected, 2) reduced, and 3) have a distinguishing sequence [1]. The malfunctions which occur in the circuit are assumed to be those which do not increase the number of states in the circuit. In Hennie [1], a general synthesis procedure is proposed for checking experiments on machines in the class defined previously. The procedure to be proposed here is a modification of that procedure for which the upper bound on the length is reduced. Familiarity with at least the first portion of Hennie [1] on the synthesis of checking experiments for machines having distinguishing sequences is assumed.
Barrett--type esophagus associated with squamous carcinoma.

A patient with a large fungating, squamous carcinoma of the esophagus associated with hiatal hernia and columnar epithelium of the lower esophagus is presented. The area of columnar epithelium lined mucosa exactly corresponded to the area of esophageal wall in direct contact with the tumor surface. It was considered that the columnar epithelium in this case was a result of re-epithelialization of mucosa which had been denuded by mechanical irritation of the large fungating, intraluminal mass and by reflux esophagitis due to hiatal hernia. This case is considered to present further evidence to support the theory that the Barrett-type epithelium of esophagus is an acquired condition rather than congenital.
The characters of the holomorphic discrete series.

Abstract This paper summarizes the derivation of an explicit and global formula for the character of any holomorphic discrete series representation of a reductive Lie group G which satisfies certain conditions. The only very restrictive condition is that G/K be a Hermitian symmetric space. (Here K is the maximal compact subgroup of G.)
Recent Advances in Barite Sag Technology

The occurrence of barite sag is a well recognized but poorly understood phenomenon in the drilling industry. Industry experts have offered a variety of measuring parameters, based upon empirical data, that only partially correlate with the occurrence of barite sag. The industry’s lack of understanding of the mechanisms and types of barite sag generally result in a poor correlation between laboratory results and field observations of barite sag. The financial impact of barite sag on drilling costs, usually resulting from rig-time lost while circulating and conditioning the mud system, is not trivial. There are reported incidences where recurring barite sag problems have resulted in the loss of drilling projects. The accuracy and relevance of technology utilized to manage barite sag can help reduce drilling costs. In the field barite sag frequently occurs in deviated wells where pipe eccentricity creates conditions conducive to dynamic sag. With the exception of a flow loop, laboratory tests do not simulate field conditions. Historically, laboratory tests characterize density variations arising from a vertical fluid column as static or dynamic sag without proper consideration to angle, pipe eccentricity, annular shear rates and annular flow. This paper reviews traditional and newly-emerging barite sag technology and compares their ability to predict barite sag potential. This potential will be determined under dynamic and static conditions in a sophisticated flow loop configured to match certain field conditions.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
An Unexpected Alliance: Christian Zionism and its Historical Significance

In 1840, the leader of the evangelical party in Britain, Lord Ashley Cooper, the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, petitioned the British foreign minister, requesting that Britain initiate the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.' Fifty years later, an American evangelist, William Blackstone, organized a petition to the president of the United States, urging him to convene an international conference that would decide to grant Palestine to the Jews. Shaftesbury and Blackstone, whose attempts to create a Jewish state in Palestine antedated the rise of political Zionism, were among the more well-known proto-Zionists in the English-speaking world. A large number of clergymen, writers, businessmen, and politicians supported, and at times labored actively for, the restoration of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of a Jewish state. Motivated by a biblical messianic faith and the belief that a Jewish commonwealth in the Land of Israel was a necessary stage in the preparation of the way for the return of Jesus of Nazareth to earth, Christian Zionists have, at times, been more enthusiastic than Jews over the prospect of a Jewish state. When Jews launched the Zionist movement, Christian protagonists offered support. Christian political backing accompanied the birth of the State of Israel and its history ever since, gaining special momentum after the Six-Day War in 1967.
Individualism‐collectivism in horizontal and vertical directions as predictors of conflict management styles

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of horizontal and vertical individualism‐collectivism in explaining conflict management styles. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 640 respondents completed the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory‐II (ROCI‐II, Form C) designed to assess five conflict management styles and the individualism‐collectivism (I‐C) scale designed to assess the vertical and horizontal aspects of individualism‐collectivism. Findings – Correlation and regression analyses provide support for a conceptual fit between cultural dimensions and conflict management styles. Horizontal and vertical aspects of individualism‐collectivism explained 5‐20 percent of the variance in the various conflict management styles. Specifically, individuals displaying an individualist orientation (horizontal and vertical) tended to give greater importance to satisfying personal needs and preferred a dominating style, rather than an obliging or avoiding style. In contrast, collectivists (horizontal and...
Postoperative complications in the context of risk:benefit.

o U b R e c l s Assessment of the risk versus benefit of a major surgical rocedure is complicated by various factors, including the nherent risks of the underlying disease, the technical and hysiological complexity of the operation itself, and the ocial milieu in which the procedure is performed. The ecent proliferation of gastric bariatric operations in the nited States is correlated with both wider recognition of he American obesity epidemic and the introduction of minmally invasive technology to the field. Unfortunately, the roliferation of bariatric operations has been associated with large number of surgeons entering this subspecialty, as ell as with closer scrutiny of the complications associated ith bariatric procedures. This review summarizes the comlications that may follow these operations, presented with historical perspective and in the context of the benefits ssociated with postoperative weight loss.
Extensions of the Coalescent Effective Population Size

We suggest two extensions of the coalescent effective population size of Sjodin et al. (2005) and make a third, practical point. First, to bolster its relevance to data and allow comparisons between models, the coalescent effective size should be recast as a kind of mutation effective size. Second, the requirement that the coalescent effective population size must depend linearly on the actual population size should be lifted. Third, even if the coalescent effective population size does not exist in the mathematical sense, it may be difficult to reject Kingman's coalescent using genetic data.
Myocardial Ischemia and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity

It has been >55 years since Hahn1 first observed that the intravenous injection of heparin abolished postprandial lipemia in dogs; subsequently, Korn and Quigley2 identified the factor released by intravenous heparin as a triglyceride lipase. Since that time, the putative role of lipoprotein lipase in atherosclerosis has expanded tremendously. Lipoprotein lipase is a key enzyme in the regulation of lipid fuel disposal,3 and it provides fatty acids for tissue utilization by catalyzing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol circulating in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Anchored to the surface of the capillary endothelium by glycosaminoglycans, lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes plasma chylomicrons and VLDL to remnant particles. As such, lipoprotein lipase is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the removal of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the circulation. Although expressed in most tissues of the body, in particular, skeletal and heart muscle and adipose tissue, lipoprotein lipase is also expressed and secreted by macrophages. Lipoprotein lipase is important for the transfer of phospholipids and apolipoproteins to HDL and, thus, is critical for the formation of this particle.4 Apolipoprotein C-II is an essential cofactor for the activation of lipoprotein lipase activity, …
SWAP-70 Regulates c-kit-Induced Mast Cell Activation, Cell-Cell Adhesion, and Migration

SWAP-70, an unusual phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent protein that interacts with the RhoGTPase Rac, is highly expressed in mast cells. Cultured bone marrow mast cells (BMMC) from SWAP-70(-/-) mice are reduced in FcepsilonRI-triggered degranulation. This report describes the hitherto-unknown role of SWAP-70 in c-kit receptor signaling, a key proliferation and differentiation pathway in mast cells. Consistent with the role of Rac in cell motility and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, mutant cells show abnormal actin rearrangements and are deficient in migration in vitro and in vivo. SWAP-70(-/-) BMMC are impaired in calcium flux, in proper translocation and activity of Akt kinase (required for mast cell activation and survival), and in translocation of Rac1 and Rac2 upon c-kit stimulation. Adhesion to fibronectin is reduced, but homotypic cell association induced through c-kit is strongly increased in SWAP-70(-/-) BMMC. Homotypic association requires extracellular Ca(2+) and depends on the integrin alpha(L)beta(2) (LFA-1). ERK is hyperactivated upon c-kit signaling in adherent and dispersed mutant cells. Together, we suggest that SWAP-70 is an important regulator of specific effector pathways in c-kit signaling, including mast cell activation, migration, and cell adhesion.
ADAM KENDON , Gesture: Visible action as utterance

Adam Kendon, Gesture: Visible action as utterance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. 410. Hb $90.00.Written by one of the foremost authorities on the subject, this book gives a definitive account of gesture and its study. It is an excellent and thought-provoking work for all readers interested in everyday interactions across various disciplines. The book can be divided into two parts: The first six chapters present a detailed history of gesture studies dating back to Roman antiquity and continuing to the twentieth century, especially in the Western tradition. The latter half of the book provides micro-analyses of gesture practices occurring in everyday interactions in various settings.
Scholarly consequences: current views of the conquest of the American Southwest

Columbian Consequences. Volume 1: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands West. DAVID HURST THOMAS, ed.
Appetite and body weight regulation after bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery continues to be remarkably efficient in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and a debate has started whether it should remain the last resort only or also be used for the prevention of metabolic diseases. Intense research efforts in humans and rodent models are underway to identify the critical mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects with a view towards non-surgical treatment options. This non-systematic review summarizes and interprets some of this literature, with an emphasis on changes in the controls of appetite. Contrary to earlier views, surgery-induced reduction of energy intake and subsequent weight loss appear to be the main drivers for rapid improvements of glycaemic control. The mechanisms responsible for suppression of appetite, particularly in the face of the large weight loss, are not well understood. Although a number of changes in food choice, taste functions, hedonic evaluation, motivation and self-control have been documented in both humans and rodents after surgery, their importance and relative contribution to diminished appetite has not yet been demonstrated. Furthermore, none of the major candidate mechanisms postulated in mediating surgery-induced changes from the gut and other organs to the brain, such as gut hormones and sensory neuronal pathways, have been confirmed yet. Future research efforts should focus on interventional rather than descriptive approaches in both humans and rodent models.