cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and the Self-Tracking Student

This article examines universities’ adoption of WellTrack—a self-tracking mobile phone application modeled on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques—as a solution to reported increases in the prevalence and severity of student mental health conditions. Drawing from a feminist materialist perspective that understands discourse and the material word as co-produced, this article argues that the app’s design, marketing, and reception are deeply intertwined with the political rationality of neoliberalism, which centers self-responsibility and the market economy. The article first situates the development of the WellTrack app within larger institutional and political shifts towards digital education governance. It then contextualizes the app’s use within the history of college mental health services in the United States, revealing how longstanding socio-medical discourses concerning student wellness individualize structural and systemic factors of ill health. Through close reading and immanent critique of the marketing and media reception of the WellTrack app’s introduction into universities, the article provides an account of how universities are socializing students to relinquish data to private firms in exchange for health services. Students are encouraged to engage in constant self-examination and strive towards a vision of student wellness that precludes an analysis of the structural conditions and intersecting oppressions contributing to poor student mental health. These conditions are social and pervasive, requiring institutional analysis and critique of the university itself.
Cell-phone camera Raman spectrometer

In this report, we describe the design, construction, and operation of a cell-phone-based Raman and emission spectral detector, which when coupled to a diffraction grating and cell-phone camera system provides means for the detection, recording, and identification of chemicals, drugs, and biological molecules, in situ by means of their Raman and fluorescence spectra. The newly constructed cell-phone spectrometer system was used to record Raman spectra from various chemicals and biological molecules including the resonance enhanced Raman spectra of carrots and bacteria. In addition, we present the quantitative analysis of alcohol–water Raman spectra, performed using our cell-phone spectrometer. The designed and constructed system was also used for constructing Raman images of the samples by utilizing a position scanning stage in conjunction with the system. This compact and portable system is well suited for in situ field applications of Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy and may also be an integrated feature of future cell-phones.
Application of Linear and Non-Linear Time Series Analysis to Neonatal EEG Activity

Segments of neonatal surface EEG recordings were subjected to analysis using linear and non-linear time series methods. Non-linear measures showed significant age dependencies, while changes in linear metrics were less striking. The largest and most consistent changes were in Kolmogorov entropy. Age dependent changes were also noted in the effect of sleep/wake transition on the non-linear measures. These non-linear metrics also showed a difference as a function of anatomic location (frontal, temporal, and occipital). It is concluded that non-linear metrics of neonatal EEG can be reliably obtained and are potentially informative of underlying developmental changes.
Fuzzy Logic Intelligent Systems and Methods in Midwifery and Obstetrics.

Background: Fuzzy logic can be used to model and manipulate imprecise and subjective knowledge imitating the human reasoning. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze research studies pertaining to fuzzy logic and fuzzy intelligent systems applications in midwifery and obstetrics. Methods: A thorough literature review was performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, APA PsycINFO, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect). Only the papers that discussed fuzzy logic and fuzzy intelligent systems applications in midwifery and obstetrics were considered in this review. Selected papers were critically evaluated as for their relevance and a contextual synthesis was conducted. Results: Twentynine papers were included in this systematic review as they met the inclusion and methodological criteria specified in this study. The results suggest that fuzzy logic and fuzzy intelligent systems have been successfully applied in midwifery and obstetrics topics, such as diagnosis, pregnancy risk assessment, fetal monitoring, bladder tumor, etc. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that fuzzy logic is applicable to midwifery and obstetrics domains providing the means for developing affective intelligent systems that can assist human experts in dealing with complex diagnosis and problem solving. However, its full potential is not yet been examined, thus presenting an opportunity for further research.
Can Proxy Ratings Supplement Patient Report to Assess Functional Domains Among Hospitalized Patients

Abstract Objective To (1) characterize the agreement between patient and proxy responses on a multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) measure of function, and to (2) determine whether patient, proxy, or MCAT score characteristics identify when a proxy report can be used as a substitute for patient report in clinical decision making. Design A psychometric study of the Functional Assessment in Acute Care MCAT (FAMCAT) and its three scales (Applied Cognition, Daily Activity, and Basic Mobility). Setting An Upper Midwestern quaternary academic medical center Participants A total of 300 pairs of patients [average age 60.9 years (range 19 to 89)] hospitalized on general medical services or readmitted to surgical services for postoperative complications and their proxies [average age 60.5 years (range 20-88]. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures There were three outcomes:. 1) Agreement between patient and proxy scores on the FAMCAT domains, as well as age and gender, analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA); 2) Associations of patient-proxy relationship and FAMCAT score characteristics with patient-proxy score agreement; and 3) Presence of psychometrically significant intra-dyad differences in FAMCAT scores. Results The results of the MANOVA and follow-up ANOVAs indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in FAMCAT scale scores between patient and proxy estimates for either the Daily Activity or Basic Mobility scales. There were significant differences for the Applied Cognition scale (p Conclusions Patient and proxy FAMCAT Daily Activity and Basic Mobility scores did not differ significantly, and proxy reporting offers a credible surrogate for patient report on these domains. Low rates of psychometrically significant intra-dyadic score differences suggest that proxy report may serve as a low resolution screen for functional deficits in all FAMCAT domains. Approximately half the proxies provided multi-domain profile ratings on the three scales that did not differ significantly from these of the associated patients, but more research is needed to identify situations in which proxy profiles could be used in place of those provided by patients.
Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

LiFePO4 materials have become increasingly popular as a cathode material due to the many benefits they possess including thermal stability, durability, low cost, and long life span. Nevertheless, to broaden the general appeal of this material for practical electrochemical applications, it would be useful to develop a relatively mild, reasonably simple synthesis method of this cathode material. Herein, we describe a generalizable, 2-step methodology of sustainably synthesizing LiFePO4 by incorporating a template-based, ambient, surfactantless, seedless, U-tube protocol in order to generate size and morphologically tailored, crystalline, phase-pure nanowires. The purity, composition, crystallinity, and intrinsic quality of these wires were systematically assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), and high-resolution synchrotron XRD. From these techniques, we were able to determine that there is an absence of any obvious defects present in our wires, supporting the viability of our synthetic approach. Electrochemical analysis was also employed to assess their electrochemical activity. Although our nanowires do not contain any noticeable impurities, we attribute their less than optimal electrochemical rigor to differences in the chemical bonding between our LiFePO4 nanowires and their bulk-like counterparts. Specifically, we demonstrate for the first time experimentally that the Fe-O3 chemical bond plays an important role in determining the overall conductivity of the material, an assertion which is further supported by recent “first-principles” calculations. Nonetheless, our ambient, solution-based synthesis technique is capable of generating highly crystalline and phase-pure energy-storage-relevant nanowires that can be tailored so as to fabricate different sized materials of reproducible, reliable morphology.
Bayesian Updating of Nonlinear Model Predictions using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation

The usual practice in system identification is to use system data to identify one model from a set of possible models and then to use this model for predicting system behavior. In contrast, the present robust predictive approach rigorously combines the predictions of all the possible models, appropriately weighted by their updated probabilities based on the data. This Bayesian system identification approach is applied to update the robust reliability of a dynamical system based on its measured response time histories. A Markov chain simulation method based on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and an adaptive scheme is proposed to evaluate the robust reliability integrals. An example for updating the reliability of a Duffing oscillator is given to illustrate the proposed method.
Catastrophic consequences secondary to psychotropic drugs, part 1

The use of psychotropic drugs has dramatically changed the lives of many; yet as often occurs with technological advances, negative outcomes can be encountered. Potentially fatal reactions to neuroleptic drugs and serotonin-enhancing agents (e.g., antidepressants) have been presented in Part 1, with the intent of alerting and informing psychiatric nurses. Part 2 will complete this series on catastrophic consequences of psychotropic drugs with a discussion of agranulocytosis and lithium toxicity.
Possible mechanism of action of serotonin on molluscan muscle

Publisher Summary Serotonin (5-HT) has several outstanding effects on Mytilus smooth muscle, such as relaxation of catch, increased spiking, decreased membrane resistance, and stimulation of metabolism. These secretory granules associated with nerves release 5-HT. Serotonin relaxes catch in concentrations between 10-9 and 10-7 M. Serotonin is present in Mytilus nerve and muscle tissue and is broken down by a specific enzyme within the muscle. Thus, 5-HT can be considered a possible mediator released by nerves, which relax catch. Lysergic acid diethylamide, which blocks 5-HT in many smooth muscles and in mollusk central nervous systems, relaxes catch in Mytilus. Because the action of 5-HT is to relax catch rather than to inhibit contraction, 5-HT is termed as a relaxant and the nerves which mediate relaxation of catch as relaxing nerves. Two recent hypotheses suggest that 5-HT affects Ca++ binding. Both hypotheses propose that intracellular Ca++ plays a role in catch in Mytilus and that 5-HT relaxes by influencing intracellular Ca++ translocation.
Detection Limits for Real‐Time Source Water Monitoring Using Indigenous Freshwater Microalgae

This research identified toxin detection limits using the variable fluorescence of naturally occurring microalgae in source drinking water for five chemical toxins with different molecular structures and modes of toxicity. The five chemicals investigated were atrazine, Diuron, paraquat, methyl parathion, and potassium cyanide. Absolute threshold sensitivities of the algae for detection of the toxins in unmodified source drinking water were measured. Differential kinetics between the rate of action of the toxins and natural changes in algal physiology, such as diurnal photoinhibition, are significant enough that effects of the toxin can be detected and distinguished from the natural variance. This is true even for physiologically impaired algae where diminished photosynthetic capacity may arise from uncontrollable external factors such as nutrient starvation. Photoinhibition induced by high levels of solar radiation is a predictable and reversible phenomenon that can be dealt with using a period of dark adaption of 30 minutes or more.
Symmetry-Aware Mesh Processing

Perfect, partial, and approximate symmetries are pervasive in 3D surface meshes of real-world objects. However, current digital geometry processing algorithms generally ignore them, instead focusing on local shape features and differential surface properties. This paper investigates how detection of large-scale symmetries can be used to guide processing of 3D meshes. It investigates a framework for mesh processing that includes steps for symmetrization (applying a warp to make a surface more symmetric) and symmetric remeshing (approximating a surface with a mesh having symmetric topology). These steps can be used to enhance the symmetries of a mesh, to decompose a mesh into its symmetric parts and asymmetric residuals, and to establish correspondences between symmetric mesh features. Applications are demonstrated for modeling, beautification, and simplification of nearly symmetric surfaces.
The Assisted User-Centred Generation and Evaluation of Pervasive Interfaces

The usability of a pervasive interface is crucial because it is a quality criterion which can determine about the success or the failure of a product. The application of the user-centred design is a possibility to reach a good design. However, this process requires combined knowledge of software and usability engineering. A lack of these skills can cause long development times and additional costs as well as badly usable interfaces. We address these problems and support interface developers with a tool-based assistance which reduces the required programming and interface design skills of the developers in order to more efficiently conduct the user-centred design. In this paper we describe this tool-based assistance for the user-centred generation and evaluation of pervasive interfaces for mobile phones as well as its evaluation.
Proton Spin-Flip Probability in Inelastic Scattering on 120 Sn and 124 Sn at 30 MeV

Proton spin flip in the excitation of the first ${2}^{+}$ states in $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ has been measured at 30 MeV using the ($p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$) coincidence technique. The data are fit by the distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) collective model using the full Thomas spin-orbit coupling term and the DWBA microscopic model using a real interaction. The effect of adding an imaginary part to the microscopic interaction was investigated with respect to the present spin-flip data and published asymmetry data. It is concluded that such a term can be important.
Influence of ventilated shrouds on the convective heat transfer to a circular cylinder

Convective heat transfer to shrouded cylinders in transverse flow has been studied over the Reynolds number range 2000-20,000. The influence of shroud ventilation, relative shroud diameters, and orientation of the ventilation holes was studied. In some cases, average inner-cylinder Nusselt numbers were found to exceed the comparable bare-cylinder values by as much as 50 percent. Cylinder heat convection was influenced more by the degree of ventilation and shroud diameter than by hole orientation. An equivalent inner bare cylinder diameter, based on degree of shroud ventilation and shroud diameter, was developed which can be useful in shroud design studies.
A note on a reappraisal and generalization of the Kelvin–Voigt model

Abstract In this short note we show that expressing the strain and the symmetric part of the velocity gradient as functions of the stress instead of providing constitutive relations for the stress, as is the norm, allows one to obtain a far wider class of models to describe the response of viscoelastic bodies than those that are possible within the classical framework. Such an approach is used to describe the Kelvin–Voigt solid and several of its generalizations. A further generalization that recognizes that a certain class of viscoelastic solids, such as the Kelvin–Voigt solid, can be thought of a mixture of a dissipative fluid and an elastic solid, allows one to develop models wherein implicit relationships can be provided for the dissipative response and the elastic response.
General uniqueness and monotone iterative technique for fractional differential equations

In this paper, the general existence and uniqueness result is proved which exhibits the idea of comparison principle. This result is also valid for fractional differential equations in a Banach space. The well-known monotone iterative technique is then extended for fractional differential equations which provides computable monotone sequences that converge to the extremal solutions in a sector generated by upper and lower solutions.
A two‐dimensional stochastic algorithm for the solution of the non‐linear Poisson–Boltzmann equation: validation with finite‐difference benchmarks

This paper presents a two-dimensional floating random walk (FRW) algorithm for the solution of the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (NPB) equation. In the past, the FRW method has not been applied to the solution of the NPB equation which can be attributed to the absence of analytical expressions for volumetric Green's functions. Previous studies using the FRW method have examined only the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. No such linearization is needed for the present approach. Approximate volumetric Green's functions have been derived with the help of perturbation theory, and these expressions have been incorporated within the FRW framework. A unique advantage of this algorithm is that it requires no discretization of either the volume or the surface of the problem domains. Furthermore, each random walk is independent, so that the computational procedure is highly parallelizable. In our previous work, we have presented preliminary calculations for one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional benchmark problems. In this paper, we present the detailed formulation of a two-dimensional algorithm, along with extensive finite-difference validation on fully two-dimensional benchmark problems. The solution of the NPB equation has many interesting applications, including the modelling of plasma discharges, semiconductor device modelling and the modelling of biomolecular structures and dynamics.
Combined Thrombolytic Therapy and Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Treatment of Complex Arterial Graft Thrombosis—A Case Report:

Combined catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was successfully performed for the treatment of a thrombosed complex mesenteric artery bypass graft resulting from an anasto motic stenosis. Restenosis of the graft due to neointimal hyperplasia was subse quently treated by PTA, with resultant long-term patency. This approach is an attractive alternative to surgical thrombectomy and graft revision, especially in patients who are poor surgical risks owing to concurrent medical problems.
Diethyldithiocarbamate increases distribution of cadmium to brain but prevents cadmium-induced neurotoxicity

Dithiocarbamates exhibit potent metal-binding properties which have been exploited in a variety of applications, one of which is chelation therapy for heavy metal toxicity. Such therapy, however, promotes the accumulation of metals in the brain, a side effect which may result in neurotoxicity. To examine this possibility we used morphological and biochemical indices to assess the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in the newborn rat. Co-administration of DDC prevented the neurotoxic effects of cadmium while causing a persistent increase in the distribution of cadmium to brain.
Generation of Xe(6s′3P0) atoms by optical pumping in a flow reactor. Reactions with N2 and halogen-containing molecules

Abstract The conversion of Xe(6s[ 3 2 ]2) metastable atoms to Xe(6s′[ 1 2 ]0) metastable atoms has been successfully accomplished in a flow reactor by optical pumping in He carrier gas. The Xe(3P2) concentration was depleted by a factor of 8–10 with 12% conversion to the Xe(3P0) concentration. The propensity for conservation of the Xe+(2P 1 2 ) ion-core is negligible in the reactions of Xe(3P0) with halogen-containing molecules (RX), except for F2 and Br2. The emission spectra and the product branching ratios for XeX(B) formation from the reactions of Xe(3P0) with RX molecules are similar to those from reactions of Xe(6p) atoms, which suggests a coupling between the Xe(6s′) + RX and the Xe(6p) + RX potentials in the entrance channel.
Phase separation at the surface of poly(ethylene oxide)-containing biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) blends.

The surface chemistry and in-depth distribution of the composition of a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-containing biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) blend matrix system have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This study reports detailed quantitative compositional information using a novel numerical method for determining depth profiles. The PEO system studied is an amphiphilic Pluronic P104 surfactant, PEO−b-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)−b-PEO. The extent of phase separation is analyzed by determining the surface enrichment of the PEO component via measurement of chemical composition at the polymer−air interface. For this blend system, the combination of the PPO component in the Pluronic surfactants drives the formation of a surface excess of Pluronic in the blends with PLLA. The surface excess profile shows a rapid increase in Pluronic surface composition versus bulk Pluronic mass fractions of 1−5%, but the profile levels off above bulk Pluronic mass fractions of 5%.
Electrically Induced Relaxation in Systematic Desensitization: A Case Note

The use of electrically induced relaxation by means of an apparatus developed in the USSR is described. The technique is used as an adjunct to systematic desensitization in one case. Such relaxation is compared with other techniques which place greater constraints on their application.
Early embryology and implantation in the california leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus

Female reproductive tracts from 84 bats were examined by light and/or electron microscopy to electron microscopy to observe early embryology and implantation in Macrotus. The earliest pregnancy was observed in October and by the end of October all bats were pregnant. Implantation had begun in most specimens from late October. In late November females were carrying implanted blastocysts in which differentiation of endoderm was noted. Reichert's membrane was first observed in November. In early December the trophoblast had begun to differentiate into cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast and by the end of January this differentiation was most evident. Reichert's membrane persisted until late January. Endoderm in the January sample completely surrounded the yolk sac cavity. By late February the embryos were at the embryonic disc stage had differenitated mesoderm. The uterine-fetal relationship was complex and an early placenta was recognized. In late March the embryos spanned a range of development from neural plate to limb-bud stages. Parturition occurred in June. This lengthy gestation period is characterized by an embryonic diapause of approximately four and one-half months. The roles of food supply and/or temperature in controlling this growth rate and the evolutionary implications of this development are discussed.
Invertibility of the Poiseuille Linearization for Stationary Two-Dimensional Channel Flows: Symmetric Case

We study the invertibility of the linearization of the stationary Navier-Stokes system near the Poiseuille solution with flux \( \Phi \) in infinite or semi-infinite two dimensional channels and in the setting of Sobolev spaces accounting for a natural geometric symmetry. For the case of an infinite straight channel, we show that such a "Poiseuille linearization" is invertible for all the values of the flux \( \Phi \), whereas invertibility holds only off a (possibly empty) discrete set of singular values in the case of a semi-infinite straight channel. The same result is true for more general symmetric domains with a partly distorted geometry. This yields the existence of solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations approaching the Poiseuille solution at infinity for flux of arbitrarily large magnitude if the perturbation data are small enough in a suitable norm.
Advertising Images of Men: Body Size and Muscularity of Men Depicted in Men’s Health Magazine

Abstract Despite an increasing incidence of body image and eating disturbances in men, research on men and the ways in which they are affected by the media remain greatly under-documented. Given the fact that men are not immune to media images and are increasingly objectified in the media (Rohlinger, 2002), some men may be under as much pressure as women to achieve cultural ideals of physical appearance depicted by the media. The media not only reflects cultural environments but it can also actively shape social norms as being recognized as an important socialization agent. In Western cultures, the male appearance ideal is leanness with defined musculature. Emphasis on muscularity for male body ideals has also been noted with children’s action toys (Baghurst, Carlston, Wood, & Wyatt, 2007). Although men are not targeted as obviously as fitness magazines target bodybuilders, men are increasingly targeted by advertisements in health and lifestyle magazines concerning how to improve their shape, tone their m...
Towards an integrated multiscale simulation of turbulent clouds on PetaScale computers

The development of precipitating warm clouds is aected by several eects of small-scale air turbulence including enhancement of droplet-droplet collision rate by turbulence, entrainment and mixing at the cloud edges, and coupling of mechanical and thermal energies at various scales. Large-scale computation is a viable research tool for quantifying these multiscale processes. Specically, top-down large-eddy simulations (LES) of shallow convective clouds typically resolve scales of turbulent energy-containing eddies while the eects of turbulent cascade toward viscous dissipation are parameterized. Bottom-up hybrid direct numerical simulations (HDNS) of cloud microphysical processes resolve fully the dissipation-range ow scales but only partially the inertial subrange scales. it is desirable to systematically decrease the grid length in LES and increase the domain size in HDNS so that they can be better integrated to address the full range of scales and their coupling. In this paper, we discuss computational issues and physical modeling questions in expanding the ranges of scales realizable in LES and HDNS, and in bridging LES and HDNS. We review our on-going eorts in transforming our simulation codes towards PetaScale computing, in improving physical representations in LES and HDNS, and in developing better methods to analyze and interpret the simulation results.
The 6 Degrees of Freedom Kinematics of the Knee after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency: An in Vivo Imaging Analysis

BackgroundPrevious studies of knee joint function after anterior cruciate ligament deficiency have focused on measuring anterior-posterior translation and internal-external rotation. Few studies have measured the effects of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency on 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics in vivo.ObjectiveTo measure the 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics of patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsThe knee joint kinematics of 8 patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture was measured during a quasi-static lunge. Kinematics was measured from full extension to 90° of flexion using imaging and 3-dimensional modeling techniques. The healthy, contralateral knee of each patient served as a control.ResultsAnterior cruciate ligament deficiency caused a statistically significant anterior shift (approximately 3 mm) and internal rotation of the tibia (approximately 2°) at low flexion angles. However, ligament deficiency also caus...
Mechanisms of amino acid release from the isolated anoxic/reperfused rat heart

Loss of amino acids into the coronary artery perfusate, which is exacerbated during anoxic stress, may have important implications for the ability of hearts subjected to ischemia or anoxia to recover function during reoxygenation. This work investigates the mechanisms underlying the amino acid efflux. Rat Langendorff heart preparations were used to study amino acid loss into coronary artery perfusates during anoxia or anoxia/reoxygenation sequences. Coronary flow rates, heart rates and intra-aortic pressures were recorded. Changes in myocardial amino acid concentrations were equated with amino acid levels in collected anoxic perfusate. With the exception of taurine, the differences in amino acid levels between normoxic and anoxic hearts were smaller than the amounts lost into the coronary perfusates, indicating ongoing replenishment of most amino acids during the anoxic episode. Fifteen-minute periods of exposure to low oxygen levels (P02 18-20 mmHg) resulted in large percentage increases in perfusate amino acid levels which returned slowly towards control levels upon reoxygenation. Anion channel blockers, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, furosemide, and 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS), depressed anoxia-elicited increases in amino acid release. Phospholipase inhibition with quinacrine, 4-bromophenacyl bromide and 7,7-dimethyl-eicosadenoic acid (DEDA) depressed the anoxia-evoked release of amino acids. Combined applications of SITS and DEDA exhibited additive effects, virtually abolishing anoxia-evoked release of all the amino acids. The protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine chloride, and the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and lavendustin A, inhibited anoxia-evoked amino acid release. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic and linoleic, reduced anoxia-evoked amino acid release whereas monosaturated (oleic) and saturated (stearic) acids were ineffective. The glutamate transport inhibitor, dihydrokainate, depressed anoxia-evoked glutamate and aspartate release. These results suggest that at least three possible mechanisms for the anoxia-evoked amino acid efflux including (a) diffusional release through volume activated anion channels, (b) leakage across myocyte plasma membranes as a consequence of phospholipase activation and (c) reversal of Na+ dependent high-affinity transporters.
Multi-grid IE Method For Large-scale Models With Inhomogeneous Background

We present a multigrid integral equation (IE) method for threedimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) field computations in largescale models with inhomogeneous background conductivity (IBC). This method combines the advantages of the iterative IBC IE method and the multigrid quasi-linear (MGQL) approximation. The new EM modeling method solves the corresponding systems of linear equations within the domains of anomalous conductivity, Da and inhomogeneous background conductivity, Db, separately on coarse grids. The observed EM fields in the receivers are computed using grids with fine discretization. The developed MGQL IBC IE method can be also applied iteratively by taking into account the return effect of the anomalous field inside the domain of the background inhomogeneity Db, and vice versa. The iterative process described above is continued until we reach the required accuracy of the EM field calculations in both domains, Da and Db. The method was tested for modeling the marine CSEM field for complex geoelectrical structures with hydrocarbon petroleum reservoirs and a rough sea bottom bathymetry.
Similarities and differences between anonymous and directed candidates for oocyte donation

To compare anonymous and directed candidates for oocyte donation within a single program. 75 consecutive candidates for oocyte donation (49 anonymous and 26 directed) were studied using a semistructured interview to collect data on demographics, psychosocial history, motivation, and candidate views on disclosure to a potential child. Donor groups were similar with regard to race, religion and education. Anonymous donors (mean age 27.33 years, SD 4.17) were significantly younger than directed donors (mean age 37.54 years, SD 4.94), (t=−4.83, df=73, p<0.001). Marital duration was significantly longer for directed donors (6.92 years, SD 5.64) versus (2.57 years, SD 3.96) for anonymous donors (t=−3.50, df=38.47, p=.001). Forty-one percent of anonymous and 69% of directed donors had previous pregnancies (x 2=4.60, p<.05). A greater percentage of anonymous donors (34.7%) felt that the potential child should be informed of his or her origins, compared to 19% of directed donors, but this difference fell short of statistical significance. There were more similarities than differences among groups of potential donors with the exception of age, marital status, and previous pregnancies. Differing views about disclosure were suggested in both groups with anonymous donors tending to opt for disclosure.
T wave alternans: an association with abrupt rate change.

Abstract A case of alternation of T wave with reversal of polarity, independent of any changes of the QRS but apparently greatly influenced by abrupt cycle length change, is presented. Evidence suggests that this phenomenon is indicative of severe myocardial disturbance.
Polarized neutron reflectometry – a historical perspective

Born in the early 1980s to study magnetic films, polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) has enjoyed growing popularity as witnessed by the number of instruments assembled at neutron research centers. PNR has proved its usefulness by providing information as diverse as the penetration depth of the magnetic field in superconductors and the absolute value of the magnetic moments in ultrathin ferromagnetic layers; yet its widest application has become the study of the magnetic configurations in multilayers. Two types of reflectometers have been constructed: time of flight and crystal analyzer. The relative merits of the two types are discussed in the light of present and future applications.
Long-term effects of excision of the mitral apparatus on global and regional ventricular function in humans.

AbstractTo evaluate the long-term sequelae of mitral valve excision on global and regional wall motion, contrast left ventriculograms from 21 patients with suspected prosthetic mitral valve dysfunc...
Latex gloves. Medical-legal issues for health care professionals.

(2001). LATEX GLOVES: MEDICAL-LEGAL ISSUES FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 263-281.
Effects of moisture on interface modified graphite epoxy composites

The effects of interface modifications on the fiber matrix adhesion and wet properties of composites are investigated. The thermodynamic failure of the interface is described in relation to the surface energies of the adherents. The surface energy of graphite fibers was modified by plasma polymerization of thin coatings on the fiber surface. Changes in the surface fiber composition and surface texture are analyzed. The effects of moisture on the surface energies and the elemental surface concentrations of treated and untreated AS4 fibers and Fiberite 934 epoxy are examined. The data reveal that shear and transverse properties of the wet composites are influenced by the epoxy and are not improved by interface treatments. 28 references.
A class of peak regulators with fixed feedback control laws

This study concerns control laws which are optimal in the sense of minimizing a class of performance indices which penalize peak trajectory error. For the time-invariant case with infinite control horizon, the optimal control is shown to exist, be unique, and be a time-invariant feed-back map requiring current state and worst-error-to-date. This law is asymptotically stable if and only if the (linear) model has no J? axis poles. A linear terminal control law is explicitly calculated, and necessary and sufficient conditons which characterize all optimal solutions presented.
Neural transplantation: a review of recent developments and potential applications to the aged brain.

Abstract —Mammalian neural transplantation has recently been recognized to be a valuable technique for studying normal development and regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, the ability of grafted neurons to reinnervate damaged regions of the host brain and to ameliorate some neuroendocrine deficits, cognitive disorders and motoric dysfunctions in young adult rodents has suggested that transplantation therapy may be effective in treating human neurodegenerative diseases and neurotransmitter deficiencies related to aging. It is of particular interest that initial studies of neurons transplants in aged rodents indicate that cholinergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons all integrate to some extent with the aged brain, and that the product of this graft-host interaction is improved behavioral performance of aged subjects. The present paper critically reviews the present domain of neural transplantation, its applications to studies on the properties of the aged mammalian brain and discusses the possible therapeutic use of transplants in ameliorating transmitter-specific abnormalities associated with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
Occupational hazards of the safety engineer

Our jobs as product safety engineers require us to exceed ratings, defeat safeguards and abuse products to determine their limits. Hipot tests involve high voltages and ground bond tests require high currents. We set fire to plastics and we use chemicals to test the durability of labels. Stability tests may require intentionally tipping very heavy test samples. The safety engineer's familiarity with the risks of a product may lead them to underestimate the risks inherent in testing. Safety test laboratories need to be designed to ensure test engineers and technicians follow safe work practices. The rooms need to comply with the local electrical and building codes, and the procedures need to comply with the local occupational safety and health requirements. Properly implemented procedures can reduce the risk of injury without incurring significant costs and delays.
Using Attack and Protection Trees to Analyze Threats and Defenses to Homeland Security

Attacks against computer networks are a serious threat and occur quite often. Currently there are methods using attack trees that can be used to model how these attacks may occur. We have extended this concept to a new tree structure called a protection tree as a tool for decision makers to allocate limited resources towards the appropriate defenses against a specified attack. Protection trees ensure these limited resources are used in a manner to achieve the highest probability of success in stopping an attack. Protection trees are produced systematically by first developing an attack tree, computing metrics for each node of an attack, and then developing a corresponding protection tree with similar metrics. Eventually, libraries of attacks and available protections can be used to automate the process of developing the trees. An example attack and protection tree is used to notionally show how an organization such as the Department of Homeland Security can allocate resources to protect their computer networks from being compromised. Decision makers in the organization can use the resultant protection tree to determine where to allocate limited resources for the best protection of their network.
Optical Fermi edge singularity of double-layer quantum Hall systems

We study the Fermi edge singularity in the absorption and emission spectra of quantum Hall states at filling fraction \ensuremath{\nu}=1/k in double-layer systems. We found that power-law anomalies remain in these systems because of the neutral gapless mode. The exponents are calculated and we found that the ``orthogonality catastrophe'' exponent is positive. The ``excitonic'' exponent for optical recombination if the electron is located in a different layer has the opposite sign. So there exists two power-law anomalies for each localized core hole. We suggest that the Fermi edge singularity might be measurable in order to detect the neutral gapless modes.
Effect of low dose aspirin on cardiorenal function and acute hemodynamic response to enalaprilat in a canine model of severe heart failure.

Objectives. This study examined the effect of low dose aspirin on cardiorenal and neurohumoral function and on the acute hemodynamic response to enalaprilat in a canine model of heart failure. Background. Low dose aspirin is frequently prescribed for patients with systolic dysfunction who also benefit from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Although high doses of potent cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors cause fluid retention and vasoconstriction and antagonize the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, the effects of low dose aspirin in heart failure are unknown. Methods. A model of heart failure was produced in 11 mongrel dogs by rapid ventricular pacing (250 beats/min for 12 to 14 days). Five dogs received 325 mg aspirin/day for the final 4 days of pacing before the acute experiment; six control dogs received no aspirin. Cardiorenal and neurohumoral function was measured during chloralose anesthesia. Hemodynamic and renal responses to enalaprilat were assessed. Results. Both groups demonstrated severe heart failure with decreased cardiac output; increased atrial pressures and systemic resistance; activation of plasma renin activity, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic factor; and sodium retention. Low dose aspirin had no detrimental effect on cardiorenal or neurohumoral function. Mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased to a similar degree with enalaprilat in both groups. There was no difference between the groups with respect to renal response to enalaprilat. Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that low dose aspirin has no adverse effect on hemodynamic, neurohumoral or renal function in heart failure. Furthermore, aspirin has no adverse effect on the acute response to enalaprilat. These findings suggest that there is no contraindication to concomitant treatment with low dose aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in humans with heart failure.
The lattice-based screen set: a square N-color all-orders Moiré-free screen set

Periodic clustered-dot screens are widely used for electrophotographic printers due to their print stability. However, moir´e is a ubiquitous problem that arises in color printing due to the beating together of the clustered-dot, periodic halftone patterns that are used to represent different colorants. This beating or interference phenomenon introduces spurious low frequency (large period) patterns in the printed output that are very objectionable to the viewer. The traditional solution in the graphic arts and printing industry is to rotate identical square screens to angles that are maximally separated from each other. For example, the classic three-color screen set rotates three identical square screens to the angles 15°, 45°, and 75°, respectively. However, the effectiveness of this approach is limited when printing with more than four colorants, i.e. N-color printing, where N >4. Moreover, accurately achieving the angles that have maximum angular separation requires a very high resolution plate writer, as is used in commercial offset printing. In this paper, we propose a systematic way to design color screen sets for periodic, clustered-dot screens that offers more explicit control of the moir´e properties of the resulting screens when used in color printing. We find a general concept for moir´e-free screen design that is called lattice-based screen design. The basic concept behind our approach is the creation of the screen set on a 2-dimensional lattice in the frequency domain and then picking each fundamental frequency vector of the individual colorant planes in the created spectral lattice according to the desired properties. The halftone geometry of a screen set is the set of angles and frequencies in units of lines per inch (LPI) of each screen plane. The lattice-based screen design offers more flexibility in designing N-color screen sets with different halftone geometries, and all of them are guaranteed to be all-orders moir´e-free. For example, by creating a square lattice in the frequency domain, square N-color moir´e-free screen sets that consist of N rotated square screens can be achieved. The proposed approach maintains the advantage of square clustered-dot screen design and is based on low addressability of digital printing. We also propose several symmetry measures, and use them to compare the proposed 4-color square screen set and the screen sets based on a previous moir´e-free N-color non-orthogonal approach. The proposed screen set is shown to have better symmetry properties.
Domain theoretic models of topological spaces

Abstract A model of a space X is simply a continuous dcpo D and a homeomorphism ∅: X → max D , where max D is given its inherited Scott topology. We show that a space has a coherent model iff it has a Scott domain model and investigate the topological structure of spaces which have G δ models.
Analysis and Testing of Dynamic Micromechanical Behavior of Composite Materials at Elevated Temperatures

This paper describes the use of a recently developed high temperature impulse-frequency response apparatus to directly measure dynamic modulus and internal damping of high temperature composite materials, matrix materials, and reinforcing fibers as a function of temperature. An extensional vibration test was used for determination of the complex Young's modulus of fiber specimens as a function of temperature. A flexural vibration test was used for determination of the complex flexural modulus of matrix and unidirectional composite specimens (0 and 90 deg fiber orientations) as a function of temperature. These results were obtained from tests done on two different fiber reinforced composite materials : boron/epoxy (B/E) and Silicon Carbide/Ti-6Al-4V (SiC/Ti). The results from these tests were then used to assess the validity of micromechanics predictions of composite properties at elevated temperatures. Micromechanics predictions of composite moduli and damping at elevated temperatures show good agreement with measured values for the 0 deg case (longitudinal) but only fair agreement for the 90 deg case (transverse). In both cases, the predictions indicate the correct trends in the properties.
Morphological changes in cultured mammalian cells: prevention by the calcium ionophore A23187.

Abstract The morphological changes induced by butyrate in HeLa cells and by monobutyryl or dibutyryl cAMP in CHO cells are prevented by micromolar concentrations of the divalent cation ionophore A23187. The ionophore is unable to prevent such changes in medium from which calcium is omitted. At slightly higher (but nontoxic) concentrations, the ionophore inhibits the butyrate-mediated induction of the ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, slalyltransferase, in HeLa. In CHO, slalyltransferase activity is normally high and not altered by any of the compounds tested.