cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among people living with HIV: Examining the roles of partner characteristics and stigma

HIV serostatus disclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is an important component of preventing HIV transmission to sexual partners. Due to barriers like stigma, however, many PLWHA do not disclose their serostatus to all sexual partners. This study explored differences in HIV serostatus disclosure based on sexual behavior subgroup (men who have sex with men [MSM]; heterosexual men; and women), characteristics of the sexual relationship (relationship type and HIV serostatus of partner), and perceived stigma. We examined disclosure in a sample of 341 PLWHA: 138 MSM, 87 heterosexual men, and 116 heterosexual women who were enrolled in SafeTalk, a randomized, controlled trial of a safer sex intervention. We found that, overall, 79% of participants disclosed their HIV status to all sexual partners in the past 3 months. However, we found important differences in disclosure by subgroup and relationship characteristics. Heterosexual men and women were more likely to disclose their HIV status than MSM (86%, 85%, and 69%, respectively). Additionally, disclosure was more likely among participants with only primary partners than those with only casual or both casual and primary partners (92%, 54%, and 62%, respectively). Participants with only HIV-positive partners were also more likely to disclose than those with only HIV-negative partners, unknown serostatus partners, or partners of mixed serostatus (96%, 85%, 40%, and 60%, respectively). Finally, people who perceived more HIV-related stigma were less likely to disclose their HIV serostatus to partners, regardless of subgroup or relationship characteristics. These findings suggest that interventions to help PLWHA disclose, particularly to serodiscordant casual partners, are needed and will likely benefit from inclusion of stigma reduction components.
Preparing for pharmacy residency accreditation surveys.

The progress of health-system pharmacy depends on residency training. An increasingly talented pharmacy work force is necessary if the profession is to reach the heights of its collective aspirations. Both the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) and the American Society of Health-System
Microgel Colloidal Crystals

Colloidal crystals assembled from stimuli-sensitive hydrogel particles composed largely of the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) display unusual phase behavior because of the inherent “softness” of their interaction potentials as well as the particle thermoresponsivity. In this contribution, we review results from our group that illustrate the use of such soft-sphere building blocks in the construction of colloidal crystals. First, we describe the utility of temperature-induced volume phase transitions in controlling the crystallization and melting of the colloidal crystals. These methods then enable the study of the complex phase behavior of certain types of microgels. For example, it is proposed that multiple weak attractive interactions between particles can drive crystallization at particle concentrations well below the hard-sphere freezing point. Finally, the utility of soft-sphere crystals in the development of new photonic materials is presented in examples of laser direct writin...
Radioiodination of proteins by reductive alkylation.

The use of the aliphatic aldehyde, para-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde as the reactive moiety in the radioiodination of proteins by reductive alkylation is described. The para-hydroxyphenyl group is radiolabeled with /sup 125/I, reacted through its aliphatic aldehyde group with primary amino groups on proteins to form a reversible Schiff base linkage which can then be stabilized with the mild reducing agent NaCNBH/sub 3/. The introduction of the methylene group between the benzene ring and the aldehyde group increases its reactivity with protein amino groups permitting efficient labeling at low aldehyde concentrations. Using this method, radioiodinated proteins with high specific activity can be produced. The reductive alkylation procedure is advantageous in that the labeling conditions are mild, the reaction is specific for lysyl residues, and the modification of the epsilon-ammonium group of lysine results in ionizable secondary amino groups avoiding major changes in protein charge.
Irreversible active-site-directed inhibition of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase by steroidal 17-β-oxiranes. Evidence for two modes of binding in steroid-enzyme complexes

The spiro-17β-oxiranyl derivatives of d-equilenin, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and Δ4-androsten-3,17-dione are active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of P.testosteroni. The 17β-oxiranyl steroids rapidly inhibit the isomerase in a time-dependent manner which exhibits saturation kinetics. The enzyme is protected against inactivation by the competitive inhibitor 19-nortestosterone. In addition, prolonged dialysis against neutral buffer leads to no regeneration of enzyme activity. Fluorescent spectral changes associated with the incubation of the enzyme with the 17β-oxirane derived from d-equilenin indicate that there are two modes of binding for steroids to the isomerase. These results suggest that 17β-oxiranes may inhibit the enzyme by a mechanism similar to that for the previously studied spiro-3β-oxiranyl steroids.
Conditioned taste aversions induced by alcohol and lithium in rats selectively bred for ethanol neurosensitivity.

Rats that were selectively bred for differences in alcohol-induced sleep time (alcohol neurosensitivity) were tested for differences in formation and extinction of alcohol- and LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversions. Male rats bred for high, control, or low alcohol sensitivity (HAS, CAS, and LAS rats, respectively) were deprived of water and given daily 30 min access to water for a baseline period of 7 days. Rats were then given a novel 0.125% sodium saccharin solution, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of either saline, 2 g/kg of ethanol (at 10% w/v), or 50.9 mg/kg of LiCI (0.15 M) on 3 conditioning days. Each saccharin exposure was followed by a recovery day of access to water. The ethanol-induced saccharin aversion extinguished more rapidly in LAS rats than in CAS or HAS rats (p CAS > LAS), but LiCI injection produced no reliable group differences in resting. The weaker alcohol-induced taste aversion in LAS rats accords with their previously measured higher oral consumption of alcohol (Kulkosky et al., Alcoholism 17 : 545-651, 1993) and the idea that alcohol intake is limited by an expectancy of postingestive consequences. The weaker ethanol-induced aversion in LAS rats reflects selective breeding of an alcohol-specific trait and not a general difference in aversive conditioning or chemical neurosensitivity.
Structural and supportive changes in couples' family and friendship networks across the transition to parenthood

This article prospectively examined the patterns of change in couples' family and friend networks and supports across the transition to parenthood as well as stability in individual differences over time. Additionally, parental adjustment and depression were examined with respect to changes in couples' social systems. Participants included a total of 137 couples recruited prior to the birth of their first child from prenatal clinics in rural North Carolina. Couples were interviewed about their social networks and supports at four different time periods: prenatally and when target children were 3, 12, and 24 months of age. Couples also completed measures of depression and adjustment at each of the time periods. Across-time correlations computed for the social network, support, and parental functioning variables revealed that there was considerable stability in the rank ordering of husbands and wives from the prenatal period through 24 months postpartum documenting continuity in parental networks in the context of change. However, growth curve analyses revealed dynamic changes in mothers' and fathers' social systems during this transition and that many of these changes were related to parental adjustment and depression. The discussion highlights the contribution of these data to understanding continuities and discontinuities in mothers' and fathers' social networks over time.
Quality of electron beam irradiation of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) at medium dose levels (1.0-3.2 kGy)

Abstract We assessed the effect of electron beam irradiation of packaged fresh blueberries at doses greater than 1.0 kGy on the quality attributes of the fruits. Irradiation experiments were conducted using a 10 MeV (18 kW) linear accelerator with single beam fixture. Fruits were stored at 5 °C and 70.4% RH for 14 days and tested at days 0, 3, 7 and 14 for physico-chemical, textural, microstructural, and sensory characteristics. Control samples consisted of non-irradiated fruits. Irradiation at doses higher than 1.1 kGy did affect (P
Characterization of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Oxide Thin Films deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition for CMOS Gate Electrode Applications

This study describes work carried out to date involving evaluation of the chemical, structural, and electrical performance of ruthenium (Ru) and ruthenium oxide (RuO2) films grown on SiO2 substrates employing metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Diethyl ruthenocene and oxygen were employed as reactant gases for this work, which was carried out using a 200-mm wafer cluster tool. The films were characterized using cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (CS-SEM), four-point resistance probe, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements were also carried out to assess the work function of the deposited films. It was determined that both Ru and RuO2 phases possess near-bulk resistivity and low contamination levels. Importantly, it was observed that the film stoichiometry could be modulated by controlled changes of the processing conditions, and that pure Ru and RuO2 films can be deposited in an oxygen ambient. In order to assess thermal stability, the films were subsequently annealed in forming gas and oxygen ambients, and it was found that the film stability is dependent upon both the deposited phase and the annealing ambient. Results of PMOS gate electrode performance testing of CVD Ru films, has been carried out, and the results are similar to those previously reported for ruthenium-based films.
Driving Home the Message: Using a Video Game Simulator to Steer Attitudes Away From Distracted Driving

A pre-test, post-test experiment was conducted to determine if using a popular racing game on a PlayStation® 3 video game console could change a player's intent to drive distracted. Results indicated that those who were driving distracted texting or talking in a video game driving simulator had significantly more crashes, speed violations, and fog-line crossings than those in a non-distracted driving control group. These findings are consistent with predictions from the ACT-R cognitive architecture and threaded cognition theory. A follow-up study manipulated the original protocol by establishing a non-distracted baseline for participants' driving abilities as a comparison. Results demonstrated that this manipulation resulted in a significantly stronger change in attitude against driving distracted than in the original procedure. The implications help to inform driving safety programs on proper protocol for the use of game consoles to change attitudes toward distracted driving.
College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage

(2013). College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 120, No. 5, pp. 386-391.
164 BIOCHEMICAL GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORT IN LEISHMANIA DONOVANI PROMASTIGOTES

A rapid sampling kinetic technique has been used to evaluate the nucleoside transport functions of Leishmania donovani. The results indicate that Leishmania donovani promastigotes possess two independent purine nucleoside transporters of broad but non overlapping substrate specificity. The first transports inosine, guanosine and their analogs, while the second recognizes adenosine, analogs of adenosine, and the pyrimidine nucleosides, uridine, cytidine, and thymidine. Mutant strains of Leishmania have been generated that are genetically deficient in their expression of either of the two nucleoside transport systems. The apparent Km values of the two nucleoside permeases for their purine nucleoside substrates were 0.3 - 0.6 micromolar, approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the Km values of the mammalian nucleoside transporter for these nucleosides. Wild type Leishmania were capable of concentrating purine nucleosides from the medium and converting them to the nucleotide level with great efficiency and rapidity. Inosine and adenosine transport could be distinguished by different sensitivities to sulphydryl reagents suggesting structural differences between the two carriers. Both nucleoside transporters were virtually refractory to inhibition by NBMPR and DPA, two potent inhibitors of nucleoside entry into mammalian cells. This latter observation has important chemotherapeutic implications for the treatment of diseases of parasitic origin.
Neither neoadjuvant nor adjuvant therapy increases survival after biliary tract cancer resection with wide negative margins.

Background We investigated the role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies on survival for resectable biliary tract cancer. We hypothesized that neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy should improve the survival probability in these patients.
InP-based oxide-confined 1.6 μm microcavity light emitting diodes

InP-based 1.6 micrometer microcavity light emitting diodes (MCLEDs) have been designed, fabricated and characterized. Oxide-confined MCLEDs with lateral aperture size down to 1 micrometer have been realized with enhanced output slope efficiency and excellent spectral and spatial properties. Both mirror-free cylindrical MCLEDs with oxide-aperture and 3D MCLEDs have been fabricated and a maximum output power of 0.03 mW at 30 mA for a 30 micrometer device has been realized. The effect of the aperture size on the slope efficiency and spatial properties have been systematically investigated, which shows an enhanced slope efficiency and narrower emission angle for small aperture size devices. The temperature dependent cavity properties have also been carefully examined for both the active region emission peak and cavity resonance peak.
An Optimization Approach for Scheduling Internal Audits of Divisions

In this paper, we develop an optimization model for efficiently scheduling internal audits of multiple units within a business enterprise. The model determines an optimal mix of audit frequencies for the audit units given the risks and costs involved in the audit process. We also show one method for estimating the audit cost and loss functions needed as input to the model and demonstrate how to obtain a solution for the model. To illustrate the model's use, we solve a sample problem with eight audit units and examine the sensitivity of the solution to misestimation of the risk parameters. Our results indicate that the model is readily solvable on a personal computer, useful for choosing an efficient mix of audit frequencies and an overall audit budget, and relatively insensitive to misestimation of the risk parameters.
Y-Cell Receptive Field and Collicular Projection of Parasol Ganglion Cells in Macaque Monkey Retina

The distinctive parasol ganglion cell of the primate retina transmits a transient, spectrally nonopponent signal to the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Parasol cells show well-recognized parallels with the alpha-Y cell of other mammals, yet two key alpha-Y cell properties, a collateral projection to the superior colliculus and nonlinear spatial summation, have not been clearly established for parasol cells. Here, we show by retrograde photodynamic staining that parasol cells project to the superior colliculus. Photostained dendritic trees formed characteristic spatial mosaics and afforded unequivocal identification of the parasol cells among diverse collicular-projecting cell types. Loose-patch recordings were used to demonstrate for all parasol cells a distinct Y-cell receptive field "signature" marked by a nonlinear mechanism that responded to contrast-reversing gratings at twice the stimulus temporal frequency [second Fourier harmonic (F2)] independent of stimulus spatial phase. The F2 component showed high contrast gain and temporal sensitivity and appeared to originate from a region coextensive with that of the linear receptive field center. The F2 spatial frequency response peaked well beyond the resolution limit of the linear receptive field center, showing a Gaussian center radius of approximately 15 microm. Blocking inner retinal inhibition elevated the F2 response, suggesting that amacrine circuitry does not generate this nonlinearity. Our data are consistent with a pooled-subunit model of the parasol Y-cell receptive field in which summation from an array of transient, partially rectifying cone bipolar cells accounts for both linear and nonlinear components of the receptive field.
Risky Human Capital and Alternative Bankruptcy Regimes for Student Loans

In a heterogeneous life cycle economy with human capital accumulation, the option to discharge student loans under a liquidation regime helps alleviate some of the risk of investing in human capital. However, exclusion from borrowing is especially costly for high school graduates with low ability and human capital, for whom the gains from this insurance option are large. Replacing liquidation with reorganization induces significant allocational consequences across education groups. Overall, reorganization improves welfare relative to liquidation. Poor high school graduates with low ability and human capital benefit the most. However, an economy with partial dischargeability is desirable on welfare grounds.
Marital histories, marital support, and bone density: findings from the Midlife in the United States Study

We examined the association between marital life history and bone mineral density (BMD) in a national sample from the US. In men, being stably married was independently associated with better lumbar spine BMD, and in women, more spousal support was associated with better lumbar spine BMD. Adult bone mass may be influenced by stressors over the life course. We examined the association between marital life history and bone mineral density (BMD) net socioeconomic and behavioral factors known to influence bone mass. We sought evidence for a gender difference in the association between marital history and adult BMD. We used data from 632 adult participants in the Midlife in the United States Study to examine associations between marital history and BMD, stratified by gender, and adjusted for age, weight, menopausal stage, medication use, childhood socioeconomic advantage, adult financial status, education, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Compared to stably married men, men who were currently divorced, widowed, or separated, men who were currently married but previously divorced, widowed, or separated, and never married men had 0.33 (95 % CI: 0.01, 0.65), 0.36 (95 % CI: 0.10, 0.83), and 0.53 (95 % CI: 0.23, 0.83) standard deviations lower lumbar spine BMD, respectively. Among men married at least once, every year decrement in age at first marriage (under age 25) was associated with 0.07 SD decrement in lumbar spine BMD (95 % CI: 0.002, 0.13). In women, greater support from the spouse was associated with higher lumbar spine BMD. Our findings suggest that marriage before age 25 and marital disruptions are deleterious to bone health in men, and that marital quality is associated with better bone health in women.
Empirical Validation of DIMTEST on Nonnormal Ability Distributions

DIMTEST is a nonparametric statistical test procedure for assessing unidimensionality of binary item response data. The development of Stout's statistic, T, used in the DIMTEST procedure, does not require the assumption of a particular parametric form for the ability distributions or the item response functions. The purpose of the present study was to empirically investigate the performance of the statistic T with respect to different shapes of ability distributions. Several nonnormal distributions, both symmetric and nonsymmetric, were considered for this purpose. Other factors varied in the study were test length, sample size, and the level of correlation between abilities. The results of Type I error and power studies showed that the test statistic T exhibited consistently similar performance for all different shapes of ability distributions investigated in the study, which confirmed the nonparametric nature of the statistic T.
Eczema herpeticum in association with familial benign chronic pemphigus

Familial benign chronic pemphigus (FBCP), or Hailey-Hailey disease, is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis that typically appears in the late teens or early twenties. Almost one third of patients have no family history of FBCP and are generally in good health otherwise. Although fungal and bacterial infections are considered precipitating or aggravating factors in FBCP,1,2 there is little information linking herpes simplex virus with exacerbations of FBCP.3-7 In fact, major dermatology texts do not mention this association. We describe a case of FBCP in association with eczema herpeticum and Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Levels of Glycine Betaine in Growing Cells and Spores of Bacillus Species and Lack of Effect of Glycine Betaine on Dormant Spore Resistance

Bacteria of various Bacillus species are able to grow in media with very high osmotic strength in part due to the accumulation of low-molecular-weight osmolytes such as glycine betaine (GB). Cells of Bacillus species grown in rich and minimal media contained low levels of GB, but GB levels were 4- to 60-fold higher in cells grown in media with high salt. GB levels in Bacillus subtilis cells grown in minimal medium were increased approximately 7-fold by GB in the medium and 60-fold by GB plus high salt. GB was present in spores of Bacillus species prepared in media with or without high salt but at lower levels than in comparable growing cells. With spores prepared in media with high salt, GB levels were highest in B. subtilis spores and > or =20-fold lower in B. cereus and B. megaterium spores. Although GB levels in B. subtilis spores were elevated 15- to 30-fold by GB plus high salt in sporulation media, GB levels did not affect spore resistance. GB levels were similar in wild-type B. subtilis spores and spores that lacked major small, acid-soluble spore proteins but were much lower in spores that lacked dipicolinic acid.
Response latency differences in speech shadowing as an indicator of distinctive features of consonants.

The purpose of this study was to determine which articulatory features serve as important distinctive features of perception by measuring latency in speech shadowing. Fifteen subjects shadowed a recording of consonant-vowel syllables orally and by means of a hand-held switch. Vocal shadowing was tape recorded and the onsets of the stimuli and the manual responses were recorded on a polygraph. The oral responses were used to indicate perceptual confusions and the manual responses were used as the basis for measuring the shadowing latency for each consonant. After eliminating the dental fricatives because of perceptual confusions, the remaining consonants (p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, s, z, ∫, 3, m, n, 1, r, j, w,) were classified according to a feature system and the latency scores were analysed. An analysis of variance indicated significant differences among sounds arranged according to features. A post hoc comparison between all possible features (interrupted, grave, acute, diffuse, strident, voiced, tense, n...
Using reminder/recall systems to improve influenza immunization rates in children with asthma

Asthma is a major public health concern in the U.S. pediatric population. Children with asthma tend to fare worse when they acquire respiratory illnesses such as influenza, requiring more episodic office visits and hospitalizations than do healthy children with the same illnesses. Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation that children with chronic diseases be immunized for seasonal influenza annually, influenza immunization rates in this population peaks at < 30%. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the effectiveness of reminder/recall systems in improving influenza immunization rates among children with asthma.
Glucose Storage Is a Major Determinant of in Vivo “Insulin Resistance” in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance

In vivo “resistance” to the action of insulin on glucose uptake is commonly found in obesity and is characteristic of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in obese subjects. To investigate the relationship among glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and nonoxidative glucose disposal (storage) in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, we studied 25 Caucasians and 79 southwestern American Indians, including lean and obese subjects in both groups. The euglycemic clamp technique with simultaneous indirect calorimetry was used to determine rates of glucose uptake and glucose oxidation. These studies were performed at two rates of insulin infusion (40 and 400 mU/m2- min), with resulting mean plasma insulin concentrations of 113 and 1839 μU/ml, respectively. At the lower insulin infusion rate, there was no glucose storage in subjects with a glucose uptake rate of about 2.2 mg/kg fat free mass min. In contrast, glucose storage accounted for over 45% of the glucose disposal in subjects with glucose uptake rates ov...
Testing Explanations of Strategic Voting in Legislatures: A Reexamination of the Compromise of 1790

A difficult yet prevalent problem in legislative politics is how to assess explanations when observable actions may not represent true (and unobserved) legislator preferences. We present a method for analyzing the validity of theoretical/historical accounts that unifies theory, history, and measurement. We argue that approaches to testing accounts of legislative behavior which are theoretically and historically agnostic are not always best and present an approach which: (1) forms an explicit explanation of behavior (here a simple dynamic voting game) that yields estimable parameter constraints, and (2) tests these constraints using a customized empirical model that is as consistent as possible with the explanation. We demonstrate the method using legislative voting data from the first Congress (1789‐1791). Using the idea of sophisticated equivalents from voting theory we subject the traditional account of the “Compromise of 1790” to a statistical test and find that there is reason to doubt the claim that legislators of the time believed the specified log roll was taking place. The results suggest that the capital location and assumption issues were resolved independently.
Conceptualizing Family Well-Being

This chapter focuses on family well-being as a goal of family policy. Family policy is defined as all actions of governments that affect families, directly or indirectly, explicitly or implicitly, intentionally or not. Three frameworks are presented together with their underlying assumptions and concepts for assessing the extent to which such policies meet the family well-being criterion: family systems theory, exchange and choice theories, and family stress theory. The application of such frameworks allows for a more holistic and contextual approach to the conceptualization of family well-being and the implications of policies that governments enact that affect families.
Roma senza il Papa: La Repubblica romana del 1849

One of Italy's foremost experts on the Roman revolution of 1848 and the Roman Republic of 1849, Giuseppe Monsagrati offers in Roma senza il Papa a compact, highly readable narrative of those now hi...
Francis Slade on Political Forms and Their Formation

AbstractThe task of the article is to introduce the reader to one of the essential teachings of Francis Slade's understanding of political philosophy. After a brief presentation of why Slade examines political philosophy through the lens of form and what the principal political forms are, this article presents the form of premodern political philosophy by explicating what of its fundamental teachings modern political philosophy rejects and denies. The remainder of the work presents the modern form of the political by means of tracing the essential moments of the genesis of this form in Machiavelli's Prince and in Hobbes’ Leviathan. The argument focuses primarily on their revolutionary understanding of the human condition and its need to be transformed, or how man is no longer understood as a political animal and has necessarily become the subject of the state.
Probabilistic Models for Fine-Grained Truth Discovery from Crowdsourced Data

In crowdsourced data aggregation task, there exist conflicts in the answers provided by large numbers of sources on the same set of questions. The most important challenge for this task is to estimate source reliability and select answers that are provided by high-quality sources. Existing work solves this problem by simultaneously estimating sources' reliability and inferring questions' true answers (i.e., the truths). However, these methods assume that a source has the same reliability degree on all the questions, but ignore the fact that sources' reliability may vary significantly among different topics. To capture various expertise levels on different topics, we propose three fine-grained truth discovery models -- parametric probabilistic model (FaitCrowd), non-parametric probabilistic model and topical influence-aware model -- for the task of aggregating conflicting data collected from multiple users/sources. These probabilistic models jointly model the process of generating question content and sources' provided answers to estimate both fine-grained expertise and true answers simultaneously. This leads to a more precise estimation of source reliability. Therefore, theses models demonstrate better ability to obtain true answers for the questions compared with existing approaches.
Abstract A31: Akt-dependent metabolic reprogramming regulates tumor cell histone acetylation

Histone acetylation plays important roles in gene regulation, DNA replication, and the response to DNA damage, and it is frequently deregulated in tumors. We postulated that tumor cell histone acetylation levels are determined in part by changes in acetyl-CoA availability mediated by oncogenic metabolic reprogramming. Here, we demonstrate that acetyl-CoA is dynamically regulated by glucose availability in cancer cells and that the ratio of acetyl-CoA: coenzyme A within the nucleus modulates global histone acetylation levels. In vivo, expression of oncogenic Kras or Akt stimulates histone acetylation changes that precede tumor development. Furthermore, we show that Akt9s effects on histone acetylation are mediated through the metabolic enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), and that pAkt(Ser473) levels correlate significantly with histone acetylation marks in human gliomas and prostate tumors. The data implicate acetyl-CoA metabolism as a key determinant of histone acetylation levels in cancer cells. Citation Format: Supriya Shah, Joyce V. Lee, Alessandro Carrer, Nathaniel W. Snyder, Kathryn E. Wellen. Akt-dependent metabolic reprogramming regulates tumor cell histone acetylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A31.
Hippocampal Dose With Radiosurgery for Multiple Intracranial Targets: The Rationale for Proactive Beam Shaping

Stereotactic radiosurgery provides conformal treatment of intracranial lesions, but when multiple lesions are treated, cumulative dose to structures such as the hippocampi may be increased. We analyzed hippocampal dose for patients treated with radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases. We then investigated a means to minimize hippocampal dose. We randomly selected 8 patients treated with single-session, frame-based radiosurgery for 6 to 12 intracranial metastases. Standard planning was employed to deliver 16 to 20 Gy to each lesion without hippocampal avoidance. Each case was replanned using the software’s dynamic shaping function to minimize direct beam hippocampal irradiation, while maintaining conformality and target coverage. With standard planning, the maximum hippocampal dose varied from 0.8 to 9.0 Gy but was >3 Gy only when a lesion was <10 mm from the hippocampus. There was no clear correlation between hippocampal dose and the number or the total volume of lesions. Replanning with direct beam av...
Association between atrial fibrillation and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging brain measures: Framingham Offspring Study

Background The increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) is well documented. However, there is a paucity of research investigating the relations between AF and brain morphology. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between AF and brain volume measures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The study sample included stroke- and dementia-free participants who attended the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort 7th examination cycle (1999–2005) and underwent contemporaneous MRI. We examined the association between prevalent AF and brain volume measures (total cerebral volume, frontal lobe volume, temporal lobe volume, temporal horn volume, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensity volume) with linear regression. We first adjusted models for age and sex, and then for vascular risk factors and APOE4. Results We studied 2144 individuals (mean age 61.8 ± 9.3 years; 54% women); 73 participants (3.4%) had prevalent AF at the time of MRI. In age- and sex-adjusted models, AF was inversely associated with total cerebral brain volume, frontal brain volume, and temporal brain volume. After further adjustment for vascular risk factors and APOE4, AF remained associated with frontal brain volume. Conclusion After accounting for vascular risk factor burden, prevalent AF was associated with lobar indexes of vascular brain aging but not with expected white matter changes.
Circadian-Based Therapies for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

This review summarizes recent developments relevant to the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. The clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders is described, followed by recent treatment studies for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, non-24 hour sleep-wake disorder, irregular sleep-wake disorder and shift work. New methods to estimate circadian phase, including home saliva collection to estimate the dim light melatonin onset, circadian questionnaires and general rules to guide light and exogenous melatonin treatments are described. New developments in light treatment are detailed, including light flashes during sleep and wearable light devices. Substances such as caffeine and alcohol, and devices such as electronic tablets are also considered for their potential to shift circadian timing. Finally, an update on melatonin supplements in the US is discussed, along with the controversy surrounding the use of melatonin supplements in patients with prediabetes or diabetes.
Mortality and Air Pollution

Studies linking air pollution and human mortality are reviewed and data are reanalyzed to provide a consistent basis for synthesis. The studies are reviewed in three groups: short duration episodes of high air concentrations; time-series analyses of daily mortality; and cross-sectional analyses of long-term mortality rates. Both sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter are implicated in short-term effects on mortality; although most of the studies reviewed are consistent, it is not possible to define thresholds of “no effect”. The cross-sectional studies are less consistent, but together suggest that air pollution also influences long-term mortality rates. It is not possible to specify with certainty the pollutants responsible nor to determine whether the long-term effects are additional to the annual sum of short-term effects on mortality.
Direct detection of nitrotyrosine-containing proteins using an aniline-based oxidative coupling strategy

A convenient two-step method is described for the detection of nitrotyrosine-containing proteins. First, nitrotyrosines are reduced to aminophenols using sodium dithionite. Following this, an oxidative coupling reaction is used to attach anilines bearing fluorescence reporters or affinity probes. Features of this approach include fast reaction times, pmol-level sensitivity, and excellent chemoselectivity.
Non-invasive Adaptive Nulling For Improved Hyperthermia Thermal Dose Distribution

Adaptive nulling is applied to the problem of generating a therapeutic thermal dose distribution in electromagnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Non-invasive electric field probes are used to reduce the electric field at target positions where undesired high temperature regions (hot spots) occur. Computer simulation results are presented for a fully-adaptive eightelement annular array operating at 120 MHz. The simulations show that adaptive nulling can prevent undesired hot spots from occurring while simultaneously heating a deep-seated tumor site.
A Developmental Crisis Theory of Stuttering

The relationship between mother and child has been considered as the interpersonal matrix within which the development of language in children occurs. Processes of successful language learning and of developmental deviations have been analyzed within this framework. Stuttering has been interpreted as the result of a crisis in language learning coincident with a crisis in the relationship between mother and child. The general hypothesis is that a disruption of reciprocal identification between mother and child, occurring at the time when the child is in the practising stage of early grammatical speech, results in the child's inability to master language learning, expressed in a regression to earlier forms of language behaviour. An experimental study was designed to test four operational hypotheses derived from the theory. This study has implications for research in symbolic learning occurring within an interpersonal matrix, and also for therapy with stuttering children and their mothers.
Full-Thickness Skin Graft

Skin grafting for coverage of skin and/or tissue defects, secondary to trauma, infections, and neoplasms, is still a widely performed procedure by reconstructive surgeons today. While split-thickness skin grafts include the epidermis and varying amounts of dermis, full-thickness skin grafts consist of the epidermis and the entire underlying dermis. Full-thickness skin grafts are valuable for the reconstruction of certain soft tissue defects that require maintenance of functional and aesthetic integrity, such as the fingers or face. Donor sites may heal by primary closure or use of split-thickness skin grafts. Undeniably, full-thickness skin grafting bears its own risks of complications. The most significant involves the potential for graft contracture, poor graft survival, donor-site infections, and skin color mismatching. Overall, the procedure is a meticulous task that requires important postoperative observation and care. Restoration of function and cosmesis is considered a successful outcome for full-thickness skin grafting procedures.
Foucault, Sovereignty, and Governmentality in the Roman Republic

The originality of Foucault’s work lies in part in how he reverses the question of power, asking not how power is held and imposed, but how it is produced. In both his discussion of sovereignty and governmentality, though, Foucault skips over the res publica ; a form of political organization that fits neither Foucault’s characterization of sovereignty nor the care of the self. I extend Foucault’s discussion to identify a ratio of government around the discipline of ownership by which the res publica was made intelligible, its relations understood, and its logic organized. I end by suggesting some implications for neo-Roman interpretations of liberty as non-domination.
Efficient Healing Takes Some Nerve: Electrical Stimulation Enhances Innervation in Cutaneous Human Wounds

Cutaneous nerves extend throughout the dermis and epidermis and control both the functional and reparative capacity of the skin. Denervation of the skin impairs cutaneous healing, presenting evidence that nerves provide cues essential for timely wound repair. Sebastian et al. demonstrate that electrical stimulation promotes reinnervation and neural differentiation in human acute wounds, thus accelerating wound repair.
Mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging with a low-cost microbolometer array

A low-cost, commercially available vanadium oxide microbolometer array is characterized in terms of its noise equivalent differential temperature and responsivity spectra. The same array is used in an FTIR spectroscopic imaging demonstration.
Bacterial Infections in Neonates Following Mupirocin-Based MRSA Decolonization: A Multicenter Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE To characterize the risk of infection after MRSA decolonization with intranasal mupirocin. DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 3 urban hospitals in the United States ranging in size from 45 to 100 beds. METHODS MRSA-colonized neonates were identified from NICU admissions occurring from January 2007 to December 2014, during which a targeted decolonization strategy was used for MRSA control. In 2 time-to-event analyses, MRSA-colonized neonates were observed from the date of the first MRSA-positive surveillance screen until (1) the first occurrence of novel gram-positive cocci in sterile culture or discharge or (2) the first occurrence of novel gram-negative bacilli in sterile culture or discharge. Mupirocin exposure was treated as time varying. RESULTS A total of 522 MRSA-colonized neonates were identified from 16,144 neonates admitted to site NICUs. Of the MRSA-colonized neonates, 384 (74%) received mupirocin. Average time from positive culture to mupirocin treatment was 3.5 days (standard deviation, 7.2 days). The adjusted hazard of gram-positive cocci infection was 64% lower among mupirocin-exposed versus mupirocin-unexposed neonates (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.76), whereas the adjusted hazard ratio of gram-negative bacilli infection comparing mupirocin-exposed and -unexposed neonates was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.42-2.62). CONCLUSIONS In this multicentered cohort of MRSA-colonized neonates, mupirocin-based decolonization treatment appeared to decrease the risk of infection with select gram-positive organisms as intended, and the treatment was not significantly associated with risk of subsequent infections with organisms not covered by mupirocin's spectrum of activity. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:930-936.
Mixed methods of assessment: measures of enhancing library services in academia

Collection assessment is an essential aspect of library collection development, especially for public institutions currently affected by financial budget cuts. Collection managers working with little to no budget have the task of establishing unconventional methods of selecting most relevant materials. This paper aims to demonstrate the correlation between a syllabi analysis, faculty survey and circulation statistics as a practical measure to enhance and expand the architecture library services at the City College of New York and in academia in general.,This study uses mixed use assessment strategies to evaluate a library collection. The scope of the study supports combining collection-based practices and use-based methods to gather two types of data: quantitative (including collection size and/or in-house use statistics) and qualitative (accomplished by user opinion surveys, focus groups and/or list checking).,Out of 74 architecture faculty members, 22 participated in a library survey to help uncover new opportunities for cross-collaboration. The findings simultaneously reinforce the importance of exploring syllabi and usage data as methods of assessment to reveal opportunities for cultivating library collections.,This paper will provide a better understanding of faculty perceptions to discover academic needs and achieve library integration into the design curriculum. The study demonstrates prospective directions for collection evaluation and faculty collaboration to open further opportunities for building a successful library.
Inhalants abuse: Status of etiology and intervention

Inhalants differ from other psychoactive substances in that thousands of commercial ­products can produce intoxication and toxicity if inhaled, they are widely available, legal, inexpensive, and easily obtained. Moreover, relatively few parents, retailers, school personnel, law enforcement professionals, or human services workers are vigilant about inhalant use or inhalant-related health and social problems. Numerous medical, cognitive, emotional, and social consequences and correlates of inhalant use have been documented including abuse and dependence. Moreover, little research has tested prevention or treatment programs specifically for inhalant abuse. This chapter summarizes extant research on etiology and clinical practices pertaining to inhalant use and abuse.
Pentyl­tri­phenyl­phospho­nium bromide

At 102 K, the two torsion angles of the pentyl group nearest to P in the title compound, C23H26P+·Br−, correspond to the extended conformation. However, the remaining torsions are gauche−. The phenyl rings are in the propeller configuration usually found in this family of tri­phenyl­phospho­nium compounds.
Impact of Training Specialty on Breastfeeding Among Resident Physicians: A National Survey.

Abstract Objectives: The United States has seen an increasing number of child-bearing women in medical training. We aimed to compare the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding across varied specialt...
In Vitro Selection and Characterization of a Single-Stranded DNA Aptamer Against the Herbicide Atrazine

Atrazine is an herbicide that is widely used in crop production at about 70 million pounds per year in the United States. Its widespread use has led to contamination of groundwater and other aquatic systems. It has resulted in many serious environmental and human health issues. This study focuses on the identification and characterization of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer that binds to atrazine. In this study, a variation of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process was used to identify an aptamer, which binds to atrazine with high affinity and specificity. This SELEX focused on inducing the aptamer’s ability to change conformation upon binding to atrazine, and stringent negative target selections. After 12 rounds of in vitro selection, the ssDNA aptamer candidate R12.45 was chosen and truncated to obtain a 46-base sequence. The binding affinity, specificity, and structural characteristics of this truncated candidate was investigated by using isothermal titration...