cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating the NCI-60 Data with “Omics” for Drug Discovery

Preclinical Research The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 screening panel represents one of the largest chemical cell line screening endeavors ever undertaken. This screen, starting in the early 1990s, has evaluated the effect of ∼400,000 compounds on the growth of a panel of over 60 human cancer cell lines. The screen and the extensive characterization of the cell lines provide a wealth of data on determinants of drug sensitivity, much of it publicly available. Here, an overview of the data is provided including basic characteristics of cell lines, the variance of 50% growth inhibitory concentration of over 40,000 chemicals, and expression of 17,775 genes across these cell lines. This analysis revealed that only a fraction of compounds have differential sensitivities across lines. For the majority of compounds, the genomic underpinnings of drug sensitivity cannot possibly be discerned from the data as there is no significant variance between cell lines. This limitation applies, surprisingly, to platinum agents and even to tamoxifen, demonstrating the limitation of this screening methodology to capture all differences that predict drug sensitivity in the context of human cancer. In contrast, methotrexate has remarkably disparate effects across cell lines, suggesting that the origin of its sensitivity can be discerned. Correlations of drug sensitivity and gene expression reveal some remarkably robust correlations across the NCI-60 cell lines, suggesting their value as predictive biomarkers, or perhaps even drug targets. These results demonstrate both the power and limitations of NCI-60 type screens to identify the determinants of drug sensitivity.
Multiobjective optimization using a Pareto differential evolution approach

Differential evolution is a simple, fast, and robust evolutionary algorithm that has proven effective in determining the global optimum for several difficult single-objective optimization problems. In this paper, the differential evolution algorithm is extended to multiobjective optimization problems by using a Pareto-based approach. The algorithm performs well when applied to several test optimization problems from the literature.
Sensational Knowledge: Embodying Culture through Japanese Dance

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Tomie Hahn Year: 2007 Pages: 218 Publisher: Wesleyan University Press ISBN: 978-0-8195-6834-2 (hard cover). Prices: $70.00 USD(hard cover).
Phonon localization and thermal rectification in asymmetric harmonic chains using a Nonequilibrium Green's Function formalism.

Thermal transport across one-dimensional atomic chains is studied using a harmonic nonequilibrium Green's function formalism in the ballistic phonon transport regime. Introducing a mass impurity in the chain and mass loading in the thermal contacts leads to interference of phonon waves, which can be manipulated by varying the magnitude of the loading. This shows that thermal rectification is tunable in a completely harmonic system.
Effect of substrate age on microleakage of dentine adhesive agents.

Summary The present investigation was performed to determine the effect of substrate age on the microleakage of two new dentine adhesive agents. Class 5 preparations were placed at the cemento-enamel junctions of two groups of extracted human molar teeth which had been stored in water for less than 3 months or for approximately 18 months. Silux Plus was used to restore cavities that had been primed with either Scotchbond 2 or GLUMA. The restored teeth were thermally stressed for 100 temperature cycles and placed in a dye solution for 24 h. Leakage was measured under a microscope at ×50 magnification. Under the experimental conditions, there was no significant difference in microleakage which could be attributed to the two different post-extraction tooth storage periods.
Factors Influencing Driving Status in an Older Latino Population

Objective: The study aims at examining factors associated with driving status and self-reported driving difficulty, with particular attention to vision and cognitive impairment. Method: This study uses cross-sectional data from 421 elderly Latino participants in the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES) along with cognitive screening, and comparison is by driving status (currently driving, used to drive, never drove) and self-reported difficulty driving among current drivers. Results: Current drivers were more educated and reported better health.Those who never drove were less acculturated.Those who gave up driving had more visual impairment and lower scores on mental status testing. Self-reported difficulties among current drivers were associated with more health problems but not cognitive difficulties. Discussion: Elderly Latinos have a lower driving rate than the general older population. There are significant differences between older Latinos who continue to drive versus those who never drove or have stopped driving. Poorer cognitive performance and poorer vision are associated with driving cessation.
A Byzantine Attack Defender in Cognitive Radio Networks: The Conditional Frequency Check

Security concerns are raised for collaborative spectrum sensing due to its vulnerabilities to the potential attacks from malicious secondary users. Most existing malicious user detection methods are reputation-based, which become incapable when the malicious users dominate the network. On the other hand, although Markovian models characterize the spectrum state behavior more precisely, there is a scarcity of malicious user detection methods which fully explore this feature. In this paper, a new malicious user detection method using two proposed conditional frequency check (CFC) statistics is developed under the Markovian model for the spectrum state. With the assistance of one trusted user, the proposed method can achieve high malicious user detection accuracy (≥ 95%) for arbitrary percentage of malicious users that may even be equipped with more advanced sensing devices, and can thus improve the collaborative spectrum sensing performance significantly. Simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Lattice instabilities in Cs2MFe(CN)6 (M = Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+): The crystal structure of Cs2BaFe(CN)6·2H2O

Abstract The room temperature Raman spectra of Cs 2 M Fe(CN) 6 ( M = Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Sr 2+ ) suggest that these salts undergo phase transformations similar to those found in Cs 2 LiCr(CN) 6 where the distortion from the high-symmetry phase proceeds primarily along two modes of vibration. The distortion involves an antiferroelectric rotation of the hexacyanide moiety and a cesium translation. On the basis of the spectra a correlation has been made between the size of M and the apparent transition temperature. In going down the alkaline earths, the apparent transition temperature increases. The structure of the barium salt determined at room temperature shows the crystal latitce contains two waters of hydration. Many similarities have been found between Cs 2 BaFe(CN) 6 ·2H 2 O and the low-symmetry phase structure of Cs 2 LiCr(CN) 6 .
LEARNER INTUITIONS OF GRAMMATICALLY

In order to characterize learner transitional competence adequately and to identify particular learning strategies of students learning a second language, both the actual performance of the learners and their intuitions about the target language must be taken into consideration. Grammaticality judgments by adult target language learners can be a valid means of obtaining the necessary intuitional data. We developed a method of eliciting intuitions of grammaticality and used this method in a pilot project involving 100 ESL students from the following language groups: Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Spanish. The subjects were presented with a set of sentences some of which were well-formed, some of which were malformed in specific ways—and were asked to make a judgment about each sentence. The use of intuitional data forces the researcher to view the learner in a new light. The results of the pilot indicate that the elicitation of intuitional data is revealing and must be pursued.
Synthesis and characterization of 8-quinolinolato and 1,1,1-Trifiuoropentane-2,4-dionato complexes of manganese(I)

Abstract Reactions of manganese(I) pentacarbonyl halides with sodium quinolinolate (oxine) and thallium(I) 1,1,l-trifluoropentane.2,4-dionate (tfac) have afforded two new manganese(I) tetracarbonyl complexes, Mn(CO) 4 (oxine) and Mn(CO) 4 (tfac), respectively, as yellow-orange crystalline solids. These complexes undergo facile substitution of carbon monoxide with various monodentate ligands to yield the tricarbonyls Mn(CO) 3 L(oxine) and Mn(EO) 3 L (tfac) (L= C 5 H 5 N, 4-CH 3 C 5 H 4 N, p-CH 3 C 6 H 4 NH 2 p-FC 6 H 4 NH 2 , As(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ,or P(C 6 H 11 3 ) and the dicarbonyls Mn(CO)2L′(oxine) and Mn(CO)2 L′(tfac) (L′= P(n-C 4 H 9 ) 3 , P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 P(OCH 3 ) 3 , P(O-n-C 4 H 9 )3, or P(OC 6 -H 5 3 ). The dicarbonyls Mn (CO) 2 L′2 (oxine) can be also obtained by reaction of Mn (CO) 3 (C 5 H 5 N)(oxine) with excess L′. At 25°C, the bidentate ligand 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane (diphos) displaces two carbonyl groups from Mn(CO) 4 , (oxine) to yield Mn (CO) 2 Mn(Co) 2 (diphos)(oxine), but there is no reaction between Mn (CO) 4 (oxine) and o-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy). The complexes Mn(CO) 3 (C 5 H 5 N 5 ) 2 (tfac) and Mn(CO) 3 (bipy)(tfac), each containing a monodentate, carbon-bonded 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dionato ligand, were prepared by treatment of Mn(CO) 3 (C 5 H 5 N) 2 Cl and Mn(CO) 3 (bipy)Cl, respectively, with Tl(tfac). Some spectroscopic (infrared, 1 H NMR, mass spectral) and chemical properties of the new complexes are presented and discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of M[Mn(CO)4DF] and M[Mn(CO)4DM] (M Li, Na, (PPh3)2N; DF = dimethyl fumarate, DM = dimethyl mal

Abstract The complexes M[Mn(CO)4DF] (1) and M[Mn(CO)4DM] (2) (M  Li (a), Na (b), (PPh3)2N (PPN) (c); DF = dimethyl f DM = dimethyl maleate) were prepared by photochemical reactions of M[Mn(CO)5] with the appropriate olefin, or by the metathesis reactions of (Li or Na)[Mn(CO)4DF] and (Li or Na)[Mn(CO)4DM] with [PPN]Cl. They were characterized by a combination of elemental analysis and IR and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Complexes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b catalyze the isomerization of free DM to DF in THF under reflux for 2–4 days. By contrast, 1c and 2c are catalytically inactive under comparable experimental conditions. Studies on the catalysed isomerization revealed that 1a and 1b exchange ligated DF with free DM in THF at 47–50δC over several days, whereas 1c does not. All three complexes 2a, 2b, and 2c isomerize to 1a, 1b, and 1c, respectively, in THF at 45–55δC o ver se of DM in the coordination sphere of 1, conversion of the resultant 2 back to 1, and replacement of ligated DF by free DM.
Expanding hydrodynamical jets crossing a galactic halo/intergalactic medium interface

Parameters within ranges that are plausible for radio sources are presently used to perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical calculations of axisymmetric, initially conical, jets whose initial propagation is through isothermal galactic halos with power-law density distributions; these emerge across a pressure-matched interface into a hotter, but less dense medium whose parameters are typical of an intracluster or intergalactic gas. Upon crossing this interface, the jets accelerate and focused toward cylindrical shapes having long, narrow cocoons.
Intracorporeal Robot-Assisted Microsurgical Vasovasostomy for the Treatment of Bilateral Vasal Obstruction Occurring Following Bilateral Inguinal Hernia Repairs with Mesh Placement

Purpose: Various surgical approaches have been described to manage iatrogenic inguinal vasal obstruction, including open microscopic, laparoscopic and robot-assisted techniques. The open and laparoscopic approaches are often limited in cases of extensive inguinal obstruction or inadequate intra-abdominal vasal length. The robotic approach offers novel opportunities to the operating surgeon, including performing microsurgical anastomoses in traditionally challenging locations. To our knowledge we describe the first intracorporeal robot-assisted, microsurgical vasovasostomy for iatrogenic vasal obstruction not amenable to standard microscopic repair.Materials and Methods: Bilateral intracorporeal robot-assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy was performed. The proximal vasa were transected and obstruction of the distal segments was confirmed. After docking the robot the intracorporeal regions of the vasa were transected at the internal ring. The proximal vasal segments were passed intracorporeally and approxim...
Molecular characterization and delineation of subtle deletions in de novo "balanced" chromosomal rearrangements

To test the hypothesis that the phenotypic abnormalities seen in cases with apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements are the result of the presence of cryptic deletions or duplications of chromosomal material near the breakpoints, we analyzed three cases with apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements and phenotypic abnormalities. We characterized the breakpoints in these cases by using microsatellite analysis by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of yeast artificial chromosome clones selected from the breakpoint regions. Molecular characterization of the translocation breakpoint in patient 1 [46,XY,t(2;6)(p22.2;q23.1)] showed the presence of a 4- to 6-Mb cryptic deletion between markers D6S412 and D6S1705 near the 6q23.1 breakpoint. Molecular characterization of the proximal inversion 7q22.1 breakpoint in patient 2 [46,XY,inv(7)(q22.1q32.1)] revealed the presence of a 4-Mb cryptic deletion between D7S651 and D7S515 markers. No deletion or duplication of chromosomal material was found near the breakpoints in patient 3 [46,XX,t(2;6)(q33.1;p12.2)]. Our study suggests that a systematic molecular study of breakpoints should be carried out in cases with apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements and phenotypic abnormalities, because cryptic deletions near the breakpoints may explain the phenotypic abnormalities in these cases.
Optical bistability in a radially varying mode

The theory of optical bistability in an interferometer with a nonlinear absorber is treated, including radial variation in the mode function. Dispersive effects and inhomogeneous broadening are included in the resulting analytic state equations. These realistic equations requite much greater cooperativity (or atomic absorption), relative to the plane-wave theory, before bistability exists.
Toward a Differential Calculus for Temporal Map Analysis

Investigators in many fields are analyzing temporal change in spatial data. Such analyses are typically conducted by comparing the value of some metric (e. g., area, contagion, or diversity indices) measured at time T1 with the value of the same metric measured at time T2 . These comparisons typically include the use of simple interpolation models to estimate the value of the metric of interest at points in time between observations, followed by applications of differential calculus to investigate the rates at which the metric is changing. Unfortunately, these techniques treat the values of the metrics being analyzed as if they were observed values, when in fact the metrics are derived from more fundamental spatial data. The consequence of treating metrics as observed values is a significant reduction in the degrees of freedom in spatial change over time. This results in an oversimplified view of spatio-temporal change. A more accurate view can be produced by (1) applying temporal interpolation models to ...
Atg9 trafficking in autophagy-related pathways

The origin of the autophagosomal membrane and the lipid delivery mechanism during autophagy remain unsolved mysteries. Some important hints to these questions come from Atg9, which is the only integral membrane protein required for autophagosome formation and considered a membrane carrier in autophagy-related pathways. In S. cerevisiae, Atg9 cycles between peripheral sites and the pre-autophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. We recently identified a peripheral membrane protein, Atg11, as a binding partner of Atg9, in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Based on our analysis we propose a model for Atg9 cycling. Our model suggests that a pool of Atg11 mediates the anterograde transport of Atg9 to the PAS along the actin cytoskeleton, and that this delivery process may serve as a membrane shuttle for vesicle assembly during yeast selective autophagy. Here, we discuss the implications of the model and present additional evidence that extends it with regard to membrane trafficking modes during pexophagy.
Transglutaminase antibodies in children with a genetic risk for celiac disease

Abstract Objectives: The transglutaminase (TG) antibody test is accurate in identifying celiac disease in symptomatic children. We sought to determine the positive predictive value of this test in asymptomatic children at genetic risk for celiac disease. Study design: Asymptomatic children with a genetic risk for celiac disease were studied to investigate the relationships between TG antibody titer, small bowel histology, growth, and clinical features. Small bowel biopsy histology was graded by using the system of Marsh. Results: Of 30 children with a positive TG antibody test result, 21 (70%) had definite (Marsh score 2 or 3) and 4 (13%) had possible (Marsh score 1) biopsy evidence of celiac disease. TG antibody titer correlated with Marsh score ( r = 0.569, P z score ( r = –0.361, P =.05). Conclusions: In this group of asymptomatic children screened because of a genetic risk, TG antibodies have a positive predictive value of 70% to 83% for biopsy evidence of celiac disease and may identify children before clinical features of celiac disease develop. (J Pediatr 2000;137:356-60)
The effect of ozone on polymer degradation in Polymer Core Composite Conductors

Abstract The matrix material of high voltage Polymer Core Composite Conductors used in the next generation power transmission is generally a moderately high temperature epoxy, which has the potential of experiencing extreme aging effects in-service, including severe ozone degradation. It is well known that polymers are susceptible to oxidation by ozone, due to chain scission and the breaking of crosslinks. It is also known that ozone is present around high voltage transmission systems and its concentration rapidly increases close to energized transmission lines. Therefore, the primary goals of this study were to investigate (1) the effects of aging in ozone at room temperature of a high temperature epoxy, which could be used in the polymer composite conductors and (2) the effect of ozone exposure on a hybrid polymer matrix composite rod, presently used in-service. It was found using nanoindentation that the ozone oxidation depth on the surface of neat resin specimens was limited to about 120 μm. It was also observed that exposure to 1% ozone for up to three months at room temperature did not negatively affect the flexural performance of either the neat resin epoxy, or the composite. Comparatively small variations in the bending strength and deformations of the specimens were associated with an initial increase in crosslinking of the epoxy followed by a small increase in chain scission and bond breaking. These effects also demonstrated themselves in the type of the viscoelastic behavior of the polymer after aging. The scission of the polymer chains in the neat resin and rod specimens was further evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy, where the aged neat resin specimens showed an increase in absorption around the 3500 cm −1 wavenumber associated with the formation of carbonyl groups and carboxylic acids.
The Relevance of Liver Histology to Predicting Clinically Meaningful Outcomes in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more severe form of NAFLD, has an increased risk for progression to cirrhosis. The available data suggest increased morbidity and mortality among those patients with advanced histologic severity such as NASH and fibrosis. Despite the lack of a universally accepted histologic definition of NAFLD and inconsistency among pathologists regarding histologic findings essential to the diagnosis of NASH, a few studies have identified specific histologic findings (particularly fibrosis regardless of stage) that are able to predict NAFLD-related mortality as being most important.
iSens: Detecting hidden busy channels in WM systems with interactive sensing for CRN

Cognitive radio (CR) implements dynamic spectrum access (DSA) mainly through performing spectrum sensing. In some circumstances, spectrum sensing is regarded as not sufficient for CR systems without generating unacceptable impact on primary users. For example, for wireless microphone (WM) systems when the transmitters either are turned off or stay idle while receivers are actively listening, CR systems decide to transmit message over the idle channel after spectrum sensing. At this moment, active WM receivers still can detect narrow-band BPSK/QPSK signals transmitted by customer premise equipments (CPEs) leading to unexpected audio signals. In this paper, we first address and study such a hidden busy channel (HBC) situation. The degree of audio interferences generated by narrow-band BPSK/QPSK signals on HBCs is evaluated through field testing. To detect HBCs, we propose a novel technique named iSens. Experiments show that detection the rate of iSens is higher than 90% while the false alarm rate is lower than 10%.
Practice trends in contemporary management of adult ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Abstract Objectives To determine current practice patterns in the surgical treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the United States and Canada. Methods An e-mail survey was sent to 56 academic endourologists regarding the number of procedures performed in the previous year for ureteropelvic junction obstruction, factors considered in the choice of procedure, and whether community urologists in their area were performing laparoscopic pyeloplasty or endopyelotomy. Results The response rate was 66% (37 of 56). More respondents were performing endopyelotomy (91%) than laparoscopic pyeloplasty (51%), and nearly one half were performing open pyeloplasty. The mean number of procedures performed by respondents in the previous year was 9.5 endopyelotomies, 4 laparoscopic pyeloplasties, and 2.5 open pyeloplasties. A number of factors had an impact on the practitioners’ choice of procedure, including the presence of a crossing vessel and massive hydronephrosis, secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, the surgeon’s training, procedure cost, operative time, expected success rate, degree of invasiveness, and patient preference. Nearly one fifth of respondents said they would choose laparoscopic pyeloplasty as first-line therapy regardless of anatomic considerations. Seventy-eight percent stated that community urologists in their area were performing endopyelotomy routinely or occasionally compared with only 3% who stated community urologists in their area were performing laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Conclusions Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is still in its early stages. Although laparoscopic pyeloplasty has a greater success rate, endopyelotomy continues to be more commonly performed in academic centers. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has not yet made significant inroads into community practice. Several factors, especially the surgeons’ training, have an impact on the choice of procedure. Open pyeloplasty is still performed by a significant number of academic endourologists.
Social-structural indices and between-nation differences in HIV prevalence

Research emphasises the role that social structures play in shaping national HIV prevalence. This study examined how social, economic, and political contexts that may represent the confluence of individual capabilities and environmental affordances or constraints are associated with national HIV prevalence. Based on social-ecological perspectives, we examined social-structural dimensions in relation to national HIV prevalence. The study identified six publicly available nation-level social, political, and economic indices and examined their associations with national 2009 HIV prevalence across 225 nations. National indices, (a) education expenditures, (b) unemployment rate, (c) homicide rate, (d) freedom of religion, and (e) women's social rights, altogether explained 43% of the variability in national HIV prevalence. Education expenditures, homicide rate, and freedom of religion were significant predictors of national HIV prevalence in the multivariate analysis. The present study identified nation-level factors that capture social, economic, and political contexts to explain between-nation differences in HIV prevalence. Findings extend current literature on the social-structural foundation of HIV-risk and the relationship between human rights and health. National safeguards that afford individuals the power to promote general quality of life and protection from structural violence may be most important to lowering overall rates of HIV transmission.
Copper Phthalocyanine Nanowire Based Solar Cells

Photovoltaic devices based on organic semiconductors are of interest because of their potential as flexible, lightweight and inexpensive devices. One of the promising devices, involves the heterojunction between copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benz-imidazole (PTCBI). Earlier, we reported, the highest Voc (1.125V) in a single organic heterojunction solar cell in an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc/PTCBI/Al structure. Results were interpreted in terms of a modified CuPc-Al Schottky diode for this thin PTCBI layer case and a CuPc-PTCBI heterojunction for the thick PTCBI case. We also reported the device characteristics of Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/Aluminum (Al) Schottky diode solar cells. Here, open circuit voltages (Voc ) increased from 220 mV at 15 nm to 907 mV at 140 nm. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics indicated that tunneling and interface recombination mechanisms are important components of the current transport at the CuPc/Al junction. With the objective of higher short circuit current densities in mind, we have extended our earlier work on organic semiconductors to nanowire based designs. In this paper, we report the fabrication, materials and electrical characterization of CuPc nanowire based solar cells in AAO templates by electro-deposition. The CuPc nanowires were electrochemically deposited into the AAO templates using CHCl3 (Chloroform) containing 10-4 M CuPc with 0.5 ml of CF3COOH (Trifluoro acetic acid). The nanowires were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy and electrical measurements. CuPc nanowires were also electrodeposited onto ITO/glass substrates and compared with templated nanowires for their structural, optical and electrical properties. Effect of the PEDOT: PSS buffer layer on the nanowire based device characteristics was also investigated.
Cytokine regulation of cellular proliferation in endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed (1) to characterize the resident leukocyte population in ectopic endometrium (EE), (2) to assess proliferative activity of cellular components in EE, (3) to assess whether resident leukocytes in EE express IFN gamma mRNA and (4) to demonstrate endometrial epithelial cell IFN gamma receptors in EE. STUDY DESIGN: Biopsies of EE and normal eutopic endometrium (UE) were studied immunocytochemically using monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45 leukocyte common antigen, CD3 (a T cell marker), CD11c (a macrophage marker), and Ki67 (proliferation marker). Leukocyte types were identified immunocytochemically, followed by in situ hybridization to assess expression of IFN gamma mRNA. IFN gamma receptor expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The percentage of scattered stromal cells staining for each CD marker was greater in EE than in UE. The proliferative activity of endometrial stromal cells and epithelial cells was significantly less in EE than in UE. The overall concentration of T cells and macrophages expressing IFN gamma mRNA was significantly greater in EE than in UE. The percentage of each leukocyte type expressing IFN gamma mRNA was also greater in EE than in UE, and IFN gamma receptors were present in glandular epithelium of EE. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a possible paracrine role for resident leukocytes and IFN gamma in regulating cell proliferation in endometriosis.
Operational Termination of Conditional Rewriting with Built-in Numbers and Semantic Data Structures

While ordinary conditional rewrite systems are more elegant than unconditional ones, they still have limited expressive power since semantic data structures, such as sets or multisets, cannot be modeled elegantly. Extending our work presented at RTA 2008 [Falke, S. and D. Kapur, Dependency pairs for rewriting with built-in numbers and semantic data structures, in: A. Voronkov, editor, Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA '08), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5117 (2008), pp. 94-109], the present paper defines a class of conditional rewrite systems that allows the use of semantic data structures and supports built-in natural numbers, including constraints taken from Presburger arithmetic. The framework is both expressive and natural. Rewriting is performed using a combination of normalized equational rewriting with recursive evaluation of conditions and validity checking of instantiated constraints. Termination is one of the most important properties of any kind of rewriting. For conditional systems, it is not sufficient to only show well-foundedness of the rewrite relation, but it also has to be ensured that evaluation of the conditions terminates. These properties are captured by the notion of operational termination. In this work, we show that operational termination for the class of conditional rewrite systems discussed above can be reduced to (regular) termination of unconditional systems using a syntactic transformation. Powerful methods for showing termination of unconditional systems are presented in [Falke, S. and D. Kapur, Dependency pairs for rewriting with built-in numbers and semantic data structures, in: A. Voronkov, editor, Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA '08), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5117 (2008), pp. 94-109].
Self-Efficacy as a Mediator of Children's Achievement Motivation and in-Class Physical Activity:

The present study was designed to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on relations of middle school students' four achievement goals with their perceptions of two motivational climates and in-class physical activity in physical education. The four achievement goals (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance), perceptions of the motivational climate (mastery- and performance-involving climates), and self-efficacy were measured in a sample of 194 students (93 boys, 101 girls) in a public school. Students' in-class physical activity was assessed using Actical Accelerometers. A series of multiple-regression analyses supported the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationships among students' mastery-approach goal, perceived mastery-involving climate, and physical activity.
Modified temperature programmed desorption evaluation of hydrocarbon trapping by CsMOR zeolite under cold start conditions

Abstract A cesium-exchanged mordenite zeolite was tested as a hydrocarbon trap for cold-start automotive applications using a modified temperature programmed desorption (TPD) procedure. In the modified TPD procedure, a step increase in feed concentration was performed simultaneously with the start of the temperature ramp to more closely mimic cold start conditions. The feed stream contained mixtures of toluene, propane, and water. The cesium-exchanged mordenite trapped propane under these dynamic conditions, demonstrated improved propane trapping when toluene was coadsorbed, and retained its trapping capacity after nearly 40 h of hydrothermal treatment.
Neotermes gnathoferrum (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae), a New Species from Fiji that Infests Mahogany

Abstract A new species of Neotermes, N. gnathoferrum, is described based on soldiers, imagoes, queens and workers. Neotermes gnathoferrum is one of three Fijian species of Neotermes, along with N. papua and N. samoanus, known to infest mahogany as well as other economically important native trees. A diagnostic key is provided to distinguish these species. The lectotype and paralectotypes for Neotermes papua are also designated here.
Endoscopic Management of Medial Subperiosteal Orbital Abscess

• Medial subperiosteal orbital abscess is the most common serious orbital complication of pediatric sinusitis. When it is confirmed by radiograph or strongly suspected from clinical findings, most authors recommend drainage via an external ethmoidectomy. The present case review describes five pediatric patients with medial subperiosteal orbital abscesses that were successfully managed via an endoscopic ethmoidectomy approach. Potential advantages include avoidance of a scar and more rapid resolution of signs and symptoms. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:789-791)
Efficient global optimization for image registration

The image registration problem of finding a mapping that matches data from multiple cameras is computationally intensive. Current solutions to this problem tolerate Gaussian noise, but are unable to perform the underlying global optimization computation in real time. This paper expands these approaches to other noise models and proposes the Terminal Repeller Unconstrained Subenergy Tunneling (TRUST) method, originally introduced by B.C. Cetin et al. (1993), as an appropriate global optimization method for image registration. TRUST avoids local minima entrapment, without resorting to exhaustive search by using subenergy-tunneling and terminal repellers. The TRUST method applied to the registration problem shows good convergence results to the global minimum. Experimental results show TRUST to be more computationally efficient than either tabu search or genetic algorithms.
The Ethical Challenges of the UN’s Clean Development Mechanism

This paper examines the ethical implications of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the United Nation’s climate change initiative that provides incentives to countries and firms in developed countries to motivate investments in greenhouse gas reduction projects in developing countries. Using the tenets of agency theory, we present a solid waste management project in El Salvador as an illustrative example of how the CDM can produce a disproportionately high social cost for the most marginalized populations in the developing world. We suggest that the UN needs to reformulate the CDM so that it more effectively aligns the divergent goals of multiple actors and upholds the UN’s principles for sustainable development, including ethical firm-level behavior. By providing incentives for environmental, economic, and social value creation, the CDM would not only promote ethical norms for profit-seeking firms that participate in the program but also reinforce the UN’s twin pro-poor and environmental objectives.
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide kills cultured hepatocytes by peroxidizing membrane lipids

The killing of cultured hepatocytes by tert-butyl hydroperoxide was dissociated from the changes both in glutathione metabolism and in intracellular calcium homeostasis that accompany the metabolism of this toxin. Deferoxamine, a ferric iron chelator, keto-methiolbutyric acid, a radical scavenger, and the antioxidants N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and catechol prevented the cell killing without effect on glutathione or calcium metabolism. Malondialdehyde, formed as a result of the peroxidation of cellular lipids, accumulated before any loss of viability. Prevention of the lipid peroxidation paralleled the prevention of cell killing. As much as 25 microM DPPD or 1 mM catechol did not prevent the iron-dependent, catalase-insensitive formation of tert-butyl alkoxyl radicals. Thus, DPPD and catechol do not detoxify a radical species that kills the cells and initiates lipid peroxidation as an epiphenomenon. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation cannot be dismissed as simply a consequence of the cell killing. It is concluded that low concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (less than 1.0 mM) lethally injure cultured hepatocytes by a mechanism that depends on the peroxidation of cellular lipids.
Cinematic checkpoints and sovereign time

This article articulates a concept of sovereign time and aims to demonstrate how the checkpoint generates this time. After briefly discussing how the checkpoint system in the West Bank radically alters the tempos of daily life, It then works through the understanding of messianic time developed by Walter Benjamin and Giorgio Agamben in order to distinguish sovereign time as a unique concept. It argues that the temporalities of the checkpoint correspond to the spatial configurations of these sites, labeling these compound spatio-temporal relationships as chronotopes. The second half of the article examines how the checkpoint functions as a film set where a theological understanding of sovereignty is performed and filmed, and also explores how critical cinema exposes the checkpoint as a location that brings different kinds of chronotopes to crisis. It analyzes scenes at the checkpoint in Gillo Pontecorvo’s The Battle of Algiers (1966), Tawfiq Saleh’s The Dupes (1972), Elia Suleiman’s Divine Intervention (20...
Reflective polarizer based on a stacked double-layer subwavelength metal grating structure fabricated using nanoimprint lithography

A reflective polarizer consisting of two layers of 190 nm period metal gratings was fabricated using nanoimprint lithography. Measurements with a He–Ne laser (wavelength=632.8 nm) showed that at normal incidence, this polarizer reflects light polarized perpendicular to the grating lines (transverse magnetic polarization) with a reflectance of 54%, but strongly absorbs parallel-polarized light (transverse electric polarization) with a reflectance of only 0.25%. The enhanced polarization extinction ratio of over 200 at this wavelength is possibly related to the resonance between the two layers of metal gratings. This polarizer is thin, compact, and is suited for integrated optical systems.
Intramolecular enone-furan photocycloadditions: Studies toward the synthesis of ginkgolides A and B

Abstract The synthesis of a pentacyclic model 14 for ginkgolides A and B has been accomplished utilizing an intramolecular furan-enone photochemical cycloaddition as the key transformation.
The reversible inhibition by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in perifused isolated fat cells.

Abstract Lipolysis stimulated in perifused isolated fat cells by 0.5 μm epinephrine is an ATP-dependent process which can be monitored by measuring the release of glycerol. The stimulated lipolysis is inhibited by 10 μM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. If 20 mM glucose is continuously present in the perifusion medium during and after treatment with epinephrine and CCCP, the inhibition of the stimulated lipolysis is reversible when the CCCP is discontinued; otherwise it is not readily reversible. Since 20 mM 2-deoxyglucose will not substitute for glucose, metabolism of glucose beyond phosphorylation by hexokinase is concluded to be necessary in order to maintain the reversibility of the inhibition by CCCP. Substitution of 10 mM succinate for glucose also did not preserve the reversibility of the CCCP inhibition, and there was no significant difference in the amount of decrease of ATP in fat cells incubated with CCCP and epinephrine in the presence of glucose as compared to the decrease observed in the presence of succinate. The mechanism by which glucose maintains reversibility of the inhibition of stimulated lipolysis by CCCP is therefore not clear.
Corundum crucibles for vaporizing aluminum in vacuo

Corundum-based materials are suitable for the large crucibles used in industrial equipment for aluminum-plating rolled strips in vacuo. The durability in the plating process of crucibles fabricated from corundum with high-alumina cement as binder is good (several hours) and they can be recommended for industrialscale testing.
Labeled shortest paths in digraphs with negative and positive edge weights

This paper gives a shortest path algorithm for CFG (context free grammar) labeled and weighted digraphs where edge weights may be positive or negative, but negative-weight cycles are not allowed in the underlying unlabeled graph. These results build directly on an algorithm of Barrett et al. [SIAM J. Comput. 30 (2000) 809–837]. In addition to many other results, they gave a shortest path algorithm for CFG labeled and weighted digraphs where all edges are nonnegative. Our algorithm is based closely on Barrett et al. 's algorithm as well as Johnson's algorithm for shortest paths in digraphs whose edges may have positive or negative weights.
Catalysis of the Photo-Fries Reaction: Antibody-Mediated Stabilization of High Energy States

A conformationally constrained hapten is presented that is capable of catalyzing the first antibody-mediated photo-Fries rearrangement. In this reaction, absorption of light energy by a diphenyl ether substrate results in homolytic C-O bond cleavage followed by recombination to yield biphenyl-derived products. The most proficient antibody studied converts 4-phenoxyaniline 15 into 2-hydroxy-5-aminobiphenyl 16 under high-intensity irradiation at a rate of 8.6 microM/min. These results support a recent hypothesis stating that immunization with conformationally constrained haptens provides higher titers for the acquisition of simple binding antibodies; however, in this case, conformational constraint does not ensure the development of more efficient catalysts. Using the obtained antibodies, the presence of products resulting from escape of free radicals from the solvent cage can be suppressed, altering the excited state energy surface such that free radicals are funneled into the formation of the desired biphenyl product. However, studies also show the inactivation of the antibodies as a result of photodecay of the biphenyl product. Using an isocyanate scavenging resin, the photodecay product could be removed and the inactivation of the antibody drastically reduced. Furthermore, despite the observed photodecay, turnover of the antibody was present; this represents the first case in which true turnover of a photochemical reaction using a catalytic antibody could be observed.
Stress computation in displacement methods for two-material elastic media

The method of best fit strain tensors is extended to compute the stresses satisfying the conditions of equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive relationships. It is assumed that the deflections at the mesh points have already been computed with acceptable accuracy. Results of examples presented show better accuracy than the usual procedure, in which equilibrium conditions are not enforced. Special emphasis is placed here upon two-material elastic media.
The oil-microcentrifuge assay: a rapid and sensitive method for analyzing specific [3H]estradiol binding in cultured cells.

Abstract We have developed an oil-microcentrifuge assay system for analyzing the binding of [ 3 H]estradiol in metabolically active MCF-7 and MDA human breast cancer cells. Complete separation of 2 × 10 6 cells from radioactive media can be achieved within 5s of centrifugation at 12,000 rpm. The [ 3 H]estradiol binding sites in MCF-7 cells are filled within 20 min of radioligand exposure. Using this assay, our MCF-7 cells contain ~ 15,000 high affinity and saturable binding sites. Binding is inhibited by estradiol and tamoxifen but not progesterone. There is no specific binding of [ 3 H]estradiol in MDA cells. This assay is a rapid, sensitive and reproducible method for investigating hormone-receptor binding and ligand specificity in cultured cells; results compare favorably with those obtained by more complex and lengthy techniques.
Lasers in the treatment of acne scars

Acne scars occur as one of the complications of acne vulgaris. A number of therapeutic options are available. Lasers are most useful for grades 2 and 3 acne scars according to the scale put forth by Goodman and colleagues. Nonablative lasers are most appropriate for grade 2 scars, while ablative lasers should be used to treat grade 3 acne scars. Fractional lasers have been developed in an effort to improve the efficacy observed with nonablative lasers, yet reduce the side effects of ablative lasers. Ablative fractional lasers ablate through the epidermis, while nonablative fractional lasers leave the epidermis largely untouched, instead targeting the dermo–epidermal junction. More studies are required to determine the exact placement of fractional lasers in the clinician’s armamentarium.
Design and method of fabricating phase-shift masks for extreme-ultraviolet lithography by partial etching into the EUV multilayer mirror

Phase Shift Masks (PSM) for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) have the potential for extending the lithographic capability of EUVL beyond the 45-nm node. Typical PSM structures, such as for attenuated PSMs (Att-PSMs), are similar to those of binary masks in the sense that patterned structures of one or more layers of absorber (attenuator) are constructed on the EUV multilayer mirror to provide the correct amount of attenuation and phase shift. However, another type of PSM implemented by etching into the Mo/Si multilayers, rather than by adding lithographic structures on top of the Mo/Si multilayers (additive approach) can provide the required phase shift for both attenuated and hard PSMs. One of anticipated technical challenges, i.e. terminating ethcing at a specific depth with good surface uniformity can be sovled by employing an etch stop layer (ESL) embedded at a target depth inside the multilayer. In designing PSMs using this subtractive fabrication technique, the position and thickness of the ESL should be optimized, so that optical function of the multilayer substrate with embedded ESL should be same or close to when it does not have any embedded layer. According to simulation, the print bias for PSMs by etching into the multilayer stack to create the phase shift is smallest and near ideal compared to other types of PSMs or binary masks fabricated by conventional methods. The increase of depth of focus by 25-75% for contacts using an attenuated PSM and by 50-100% for lines using an ideal har dPSM is another lithographic advantage as well. The design and method of fabricating PSMs by etchign intothe multilayers is described, which include the optimziation of the thinkness and dpeth of the embedded layer. Experimental results of the multilayer etch process demonstrate initial feasibility of the subtractive approach to fabricating EUV PSMs.
a Framework for Interneural Dynamics in a Cerebral Cortex Center

We model the innervation dynamics of interneurons in a cerebral cortex center A between the time of initial sensory input and acquisition of a sustained steady state. The model assumes that interneurons in A are heavily interconnected allowing synchronization. This invites modeling the dynamics by means of a discrete time map. The model takes into account the influence of excitatory and inhibitory cells and reflects the architecture of synapses along the axons. The acquisition of a sustained chaotic state is characterized by means of a natural invariant probability measure. The time to attain this probability measure can be estimated.