cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Full-length prepro-alpha-factor can be translocated across the mammalian microsomal membrane only if translation has not terminated.

We have previously shown that fully synthesized prepro-alpha-factor (pp alpha F), the precursor for the yeast pheromone alpha-factor, can be translocated posttranslationally across yeast rough microsomal (RM) membranes from a soluble, ribosome-free pool. We show here that this is not the case for translocation of pp alpha F across mammalian RM. Rather we found that a small amount of translocation of full-length pp alpha F is observed, but is solely due to polypeptide chains that were still ribosome bound and covalently attached to tRNA, i.e., not terminated. In addition, both signal recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor are required, i.e., the same targeting machinery that is normally responsible for the coupling between protein synthesis and translocation. Thus, the molecular requirements for targeting are distinct from posttranslational translocation across yeast RM. As termination is generally regarded as part of translation, the translocation of full-length pp alpha F across mammalian RM does not occur "posttranslationally," albeit independent of elongation. Most other proteins for which posttranslational translocation across mammalian RM was previously claimed fall into the same category in that ribosome attachment as peptidyl-tRNA is required. To clearly separate these two distinct processes, we suggest that the term posttranslational be reserved for those processes that occur in the complete absence of the translational machinery. We propose the term "ribosome-coupled translocation" for the events described here.
Clinical Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy

The precise identification of some clinically important sugars as their phenylosazones has been accomplished by infrared absorption spectroscopy. Tentative band assignments have been suggested.
Effect of valence on relative weighting in impression formation.

This experiment assessed relative weighting of traits in three types of personality descriptions; those with only favorable traits (PP), with favorable and unfavorable traits (PN), and with only unfavorable traits (NN), Predictions that traits in PP descriptions would be weighted equally and that the more negative trait in PN and NN descriptions would receive greater weight were supported by the results. The results were generally consistent with the initial impression averaging model, although a possible difficulty with respect to the relative size of set-size effects for PP and NN descriptions was noted. Stimulus traits in impression formation may vary in polarization or in valence. Polarization refers to distance from the neutral point, while valence refers to evaluative sign, favorable or unfavorable, of the trait. This study explores the effect of valence on relative weighting in impression formation. Three valence combinations are possible: those in which all traits are favorable (PP); those in which some traits are favorable and some unfavorable (PN); and those in which all are unfavorable (NN). PP descriptions have generally shown equal weighting of traits, as well as set-size effects when traits have the same polarization (e.g., Anderson,
Embedded microwave system for monitoring of intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure is of increasing interest in the management of patients who are suffering from various neurological disorders such as hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, and blast injury. Long-term monitoring of intracranial pressure may be desirable in these conditions to aid in determining the outcome of any treatment. A completely implantable microwave device for monitoring of intracranial pressure has been designed and characterized. The application of an embedded Planar Inverted-F antenna in this implant is also investigated.
A Computational Model Predicting Disruption of Blood Vessel Development

Vascular development is a complex process regulated by dynamic biological networks that vary in topology and state across different tissues and developmental stages. Signals regulating de novo blood vessel formation (vasculogenesis) and remodeling (angiogenesis) come from a variety of biological pathways linked to endothelial cell (EC) behavior, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and the local generation of chemokines and growth factors. Simulating these interactions at a systems level requires sufficient biological detail about the relevant molecular pathways and associated cellular behaviors, and tractable computational models that offset mathematical and biological complexity. Here, we describe a novel multicellular agent-based model of vasculogenesis using the CompuCell3D (http://www.compucell3d.org/) modeling environment supplemented with semi-automatic knowledgebase creation. The model incorporates vascular endothelial growth factor signals, pro- and anti-angiogenic inflammatory chemokine signals, and the plasminogen activating system of enzymes and proteases linked to ECM interactions, to simulate nascent EC organization, growth and remodeling. The model was shown to recapitulate stereotypical capillary plexus formation and structural emergence of non-coded cellular behaviors, such as a heterologous bridging phenomenon linking endothelial tip cells together during formation of polygonal endothelial cords. Molecular targets in the computational model were mapped to signatures of vascular disruption derived from in vitro chemical profiling using the EPA's ToxCast high-throughput screening (HTS) dataset. Simulating the HTS data with the cell-agent based model of vascular development predicted adverse effects of a reference anti-angiogenic thalidomide analog, 5HPP-33, on in vitro angiogenesis with respect to both concentration-response and morphological consequences. These findings support the utility of cell agent-based models for simulating a morphogenetic series of events and for the first time demonstrate the applicability of these models for predictive toxicology.
Misorientation Dependence of the Grain Boundary Energy in Magnesia

Geometric and crystallographic data obtained from a well annealed magnesia polycrystal have been used to specify the five macroscopic degrees of freedom for 4665 grain boundaries. The results indicate, that for this sample, the five parameter grain boundary character space is fully occupied. A finite series of symmetrized spherical harmonics has been used to approximate the misorientation dependence of the relative grain boundary energy. Best fit coefficients for this series were determined by assuming that the interfacial tensions at each triple junction are balanced. The grain boundary energy function shows Read-Shockley behavior at small misorientations and a broad minimum near the Σ3 misorientation. Furthermore, misorientations about the ‹100› axis create boundaries with relative energies that are less than those created by misorientations about the ‹110› or ‹111› axes.
Role of HNF-1α in regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular growth and proliferation in pancreatic beta-cells

Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor. Humans heterozygous for mutations in the HNF-1α gene develop maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3), which is associated with reduced insulin secretion. The mechanisms responsible for defective glucose-induced insulin secretion due to HNF-1α deficiency are complex. In order to explore the relationship between HNF-1α and beta-cell proliferation, we have created a novel animal model. Mice lacking one allele of the HNF-1α gene were crossed with transgenic mice expressing the large T antigen driven by the rat insulin II promoter (RIP). The resulting mouse strains allowed us to study the effect of HNF-1α deficiency on the extensive beta-cell proliferation that occurs in these mice. Our results indicate that deficiency of HNF-1α severely constrains the extent of beta-cell proliferation occurring in RIP-Tag mice leading to significant changes in blood glucose concentrations as a result of reduced beta-cell number, insulin content, insulin secretion and intracellular responses in Ca2+. Furthermore expression profiling studies using immortalized cell lines generated from HNF-1α/RIP-Tag mice showed changes in expression of genes involved in cellular growth and proliferation. These results provide insights into the mechanisms whereby HNF-1α affects beta-cell function.
Surgical documentation form for TMJ arthroscopy

The use of a form to document the findings observed during arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint will allow oral and maxillofacial surgeons not only to consistently record the abnormal observations but also to compare their findings with the findings of other surgeons and possibly even establish a national database. The form presented has been used by the author for 6 years with periodic modification and has provided a means to review and evaluate surgical findings in patients who had arthroscopic procedures.
FAQ: HT Prescription

A. When a woman patient reports that symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, cognitive problems, vulvar and vaginal discomfort, and poor quality sleep are severe enough that they interfere with her quality of life. Often, the symptoms that most interfere are hot flushes and interrupted sleep, and cognitive issues.
Material transport in a convective surface mixed layer under weak wind forcing

Abstract Flows in the upper ocean mixed layer are responsible for the transport and dispersion of biogeochemical tracers, phytoplankton and buoyant pollutants, such as hydrocarbons from an oil spill. Material dispersion in mixed layer flows subject to diurnal buoyancy forcing and weak winds ( | u 10 | = 5 m s − 1 ) are investigated using a non-hydrostatic model. Both purely buoyancy-forced and combined wind- and buoyancy-forced flows are sampled using passive tracers, as well as 2D and 3D particles to explore characteristics of horizontal and vertical dispersion. It is found that the surface tracer patterns are determined by the convergence zones created by convection cells within a time scale of just a few hours. For pure convection, the results displayed the classic signature of Rayleigh–Benard cells. When combined with a wind stress, the convective cells become anisotropic in that the along-wind length scale gets much larger than the cross-wind scale. Horizontal relative dispersion computed by sampling the flow fields using both 2D and 3D passive particles is found to be consistent with the Richardson regime. Relative dispersion is an order of magnitude higher and 2D surface releases transition to Richardson regime faster in the wind-forced case. We also show that the buoyancy-forced case results in significantly lower amplitudes of scale-dependent horizontal relative diffusivity, k D (l), than those reported by Okubo (1970), while the wind- and buoyancy-forced case shows a good agreement with Okubo’s diffusivity amplitude, and the scaling is consistent with Richardson’s 4/3rd law, k D ∼ l 4/3 . These modeling results provide a framework for measuring material dispersion by mixed layer flows in future observational programs.
Abstract W MP52: Treatment With N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline Improves Neurological Functional Recovery in Diabetic Middle Aged Rats After Embolic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease among middle-aged and older populations, which leads to an increase of stroke incidence and poor stroke recovery. The present study investigated the effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) on stroke recovery in middle aged DM rats after embolic stroke. Methods: Male Wistar rats at age of 13 months were subjected to nicotinamide (NTM) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection . Rats with confirmed hyperglycemia status were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 30d after STZ-NTM injection. AcSDKP (2.4mg/kg) or saline were subcutaneously infused for 3d starting at 1d after stroke (n=12/group). Results: AcSDKP treatment significantly improved neurological functional recovery measured by adhesive removal test, foot-fault test, and modified neurological severity score starting at 21d after MCAO compared with saline treated rats. In addition, AcSDKP substantially reduced spatial learning deficits measured by the Morris water maze (41±4 vs 33±3% of time spent in the correct quadrant) 35d after MCAO. AcSDKP treatment significantly reduced vascular and parenchymal fibrin deposition (43±9 vs 92±11/mm2) in the ipsilateral hippocampus and peri-infarct corpus callosum (CC), which was associated with reduction of IL-1 receptor associated kinase-1(IRAK1) immunoreactive vessels (95±13 vs 47±11/mm2) 7d after MCAO (n=4/group). AcSDKP treatment did not reduce infarct volume, but robustly increased myelinated axonal density (14±4 vs 8±3% in hippocampus, 36±6 vs 27±7% in CC) and oligodendrocyte density (71±18 vs 46±16/mm2 in hippocampus, 526±113 vs 394±107/mm2 in CC) 35d after MCAO (n=8/group). In vitro, high glucose increased protein level of IRAK1 and NF-κB in primary cerebral endothelial cells, whereas AcSDKP suppressed high glucose-increased IRAK1 and NF-κB protein levels by 50%. Conclusions: AcSDKP promotes ischemic brain repair by reducing neurovascular damage in the hippocampus and white matter, which likely contributes improvement of neurological functional recovery in middle-aged DM rats. IRAK1/NF-κB signals suppressed by AcSDKP may be involved these processes.
Globalization and Landscape Architecture: A Review of the Literature

The literature review examines globalization and landscape architecture as discourse, samples its various meanings, and proposes methods to identify and contextualize its specific literature. Metho...
Counterflaking and the Manufacture of Mesoamerican Prismatic Blades

AbstractExperimental and archaeological examples of counterflaking damage are presented and discussed. It is argued that the non-random occurrence of this type of damage is indicative of different blade-making techniques. The pattern of counterflaking noted for archaeological prismatic blades is convincing evidence that pre-Columbian, Mesoamerican knappers held cores with their feet rather than with vises.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Selective Laser Melted 17-4 PH Stainless Steel

The present article focuses on the mechanical properties and microstructural features of Selective Laser Melted (SLM) 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel (SS) as well as their comparison to conventionally built materials. The topics investigated are the effects of different building orientations and post-fabrication heat treatment (solution annealing and aging) on the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of samples fabricated by SLM. Yield and ultimate tensile strengths of SLM-produced 17-4 PH SS were found to be lower than those of wrought materials (H900 condition). In addition, building orientations showed a noticeable effect on tensile properties. Presence of defects, such as pores resulting from entrapped gas, un-melted regions, and powder particles resulting from lack of fusion were the main reasons for lower elongation to failure of SLM-produced 17-4PH SS in this study.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
A. Vicious activity of the gall bladder during biliary stasis. B. The determining factor in the causation of white stasis bile

Ligation experiments in dogs, cats, and monkeys show that under stasis conditions the gall-bladder and bile-ducts act very differently. The gall-bladder, continuing to exercise functions that are normal to it, effects a great concentration of the stasis bile and adds mucus thereto in quantity. As result, when an obstruction is produced below the entrance of the cystic duct all of the extralobular biliary channels come at length to be filled with a thick, greenish-black fluid. The ducts, on the other hand, have no concentrating faculty, and their lining secretes but little mucus. In an obstructed duct system blocked off from the gall bladder, or connecting with one so changed as to be incapable of functioning, there regularly accumulates a limpid, watery fluid devoid of pigment and bile salts even when the animal is heavily jaundiced. This is the “white bile” of the surgeons. The passages soon become so distended with it that true bile ceases to enter them.The facts as given relate to uninfected and uninfl...
State Law and Policy Related to Twice-Exceptional Learners Implications for Practitioners and Policymakers

Legislation and policy lead to action. In the absence of law or policy, situations are addressed on a case-by-case basis or they are sometimes ignored. Legislation and policy become extremely important when they relate to groups that have traditionally been marginalized, such as students with disabilities or students with gifts and talents, and they can help guarantee or increase access to services for students from those groups. Because legislation and policy focus on students with disabilities at the federal and state levels, schools usually plan to meet the needs of these students. However, gifted and talented education is not mandated at the federal level, and mandates and funding are limited or nonexistent at the state level. Only recently have twice-exceptional learners been acknowledged in law or policy.
Behavior Characteristics in Children with Benign Epilepsy Combined with Centro-Temporal Spikes

Objective To explore the behavior characteristics in children with benign epilepsy combined with centro-temporal spikes(BECTS).Methods Eighty-two children with BECTS aged 2.5-3.0(2.65±2.31)years old,51 male,31 female,who were free of mental retardation assessed with Gesell developmental schedules,untreated with antiepileptic drugs,and were investigated 15 days after the latest seizure.Eighty-two healthy children with sex and age matched to the cases,53 male,29 female,aged 2.5-3.0(2.6±0.4)years old.The behavior characteristics of infants in BECTS group and control group were assessed with CBCL,including 6 behavior factors which were sleep problem,social flinches,depression,physical aspect,attacking,act of sabotage and the infants-middle school student social ability scale.Results The total scores of behavior characteristics and the scores of depression,sleep problem,attacking and act of sabotage in BECTS group were all higher than those in control group,the differences were statistically significant.However,scores of social flinches,and physical aspect in BECTS group had no significant differences compared with those of control group.There were no significant difference of social adaptive component between the BECTS and control group.Conclusions Children with BECTS have behavior disorders to some extent,but their social adaptive capacity are the same as normal children.
Individual Development Accounts and Homeownership among Low-income Adults with Disabilities: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

We examined the long-term effects of Individual Development Accounts (IDAs), savings accounts that match funds deposited by participants for qualified purposes, on homeownership rates among study p...
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Recently the surgical results of simple (isolated) total anomalous pulmonary venous connection have improved markedly, and even the most severely affected patients presenting with marked hypoxia soon after birth have become salvagable partly due to the perioperative use of nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, the outcome after complex surgery, particularly in asplenia, is still very poor in newborns. Common pulmonary vein atresia is still an ominous diagnosis and according to the literature only a few patients have survived surgery. The results of reoperation for postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis are also poor, although the good results of the "sutureless technique" which have recently been reported are encouraging. Prenatal diagnosis using echocardiography is difficult, but postnatal diagnosis using echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging is usually precise and can obviate the need for cardiac catheterization which often aggravates the hypoxic status in critically ill infants.
Toward disentangling stages in mixed assemblages of flake debris from biface reduction: An experimental approach

Abstract Their abundance in the archaeological record makes assemblages of lithic debris popular subjects of analysis. Archaeologists study them to identify both kinds and stages of reduction, using approaches that range in scale from attribute analysis to typology and size distributions. Experiments demonstrate meaningful pattern in flake assemblages by both kind and stage. Yet empirical assemblages often are mixtures of flake debris from various reduction kinds and stages. Mixing confounds the patterns often found in controlled experimental data. To address this problem, we use Stahle and Dunn's (1982) data and a similar constrained-regression method, QUADPROG in R, to allocate hypothetical mixed assemblages of biface-reduction stages to their constituent stages. In combining their Stages 2 and 3, a measure that Stahle and Dunn themselves advocated, QUADPROG improves their allocation results. Methods like these deserve further testing on a wider range of flake assemblages to address the challenge that mixing poses.
Hematology testing in the doctor's office laboratory.

Physicians are performing a greater variety of hematology tests in their offices. Changes in reimbursement by third-party payers have been one factor in this move. Manufacturers are now actively marketing new, smaller, and simpler desktop analyzers to meet this need. This article discusses the requirements for performing hematology tests and the available instrumentation for the doctor’s office setting.
A phase I clinical trial of autologous, anti-CD19 gene targeted T cells for adults with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

TPS2619 Background: Complete remission (CR) rates for B-ALL in adults is high (>80%), but overall survival remains low (approximately 30%). Patients with relapsed disease have a very poor prognosis...
How to Approach Difficult Cases of AVNRT.

Our approach to the ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT), the most common supraventricular tachycardia, is as follows: We first attempt ablation in the right atrial posteroseptum anterior to the coronary sinus ostium with a 4-mm non-irrigated tip catheter. If ablation within the triangle of Koch is unsuccessful with radiofrequency (RF), we switch to cryoablation and target a more superior (mid septal) region. We also utilize cryoablation if RF ablation produces transient VA block (absence of retrograde conduction during junctional rhythm) or a fast junctional rhythm (<350 msec). If cryoablation were to fail, or is not available, we would then suggest ablation within the coronary sinus targeting the roof (2–4 cm from the os) using a 3.5-mm irrigated tip catheter. If tachycardia were still inducible despite these measures, we would then proceed with transseptal puncture (given our greater experience with this over a retrograde aortic approach) and perform RF ablation along the posteroseptal left atrium and inferoseptal mitral annulus utilizing an irrigated tip catheter. In our experience, cryoablation reliably results in elimination of the slow pathway. The only left atrial ablation for AVNRT at our institution in the past year was performed because a patent foramen ovale allowed for rapid left atrial access, facilitating left atrial ablation of the slow pathway.
Tests for, origins of, and corrections to non-Gaussian statistics. The dipole-flip model.

The following article appeared in Schile, A. J., & Thompson, W. H. (2017). Tests for, origins of, and corrections to non-Gaussian statistics. The dipole-flip model. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 146(15), 154109. and may be found at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4981009.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for small brain metastases and implications regarding management with systemic therapy alone

While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been shown effective in the management of brain metastases, small brain metastases (≤10 mm) can pose unique challenges. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of SRS in the treatment of small brain metastases, as well as elucidate clinically relevant factors impacting local failure (LF). We utilized a large, single-institution cohort to perform a retrospective analysis of patients with brain metastases up to 1 cm in maximal dimension. Clinical and radiosurgical parameters were investigated for an association with LF and compared using a competing risk model to calculate cumulative incidence functions, with death and whole brain radiotherapy serving as competing risks. 1596 small brain metastases treated with SRS among 424 patients were included. Among these tumors, 33 developed LF during the follow-up period (2.4% at 12 months following SRS). Competing risk analysis demonstrated that LF was dependent on tumor size (0.7% if ≤2 mm and 3.0% if 2–10 mm at 12 months, p = 0.016). Other factors associated with increasing risk of LF were the decreasing margin dose, increasing maximal tumor diameter, volume, and radioresistant tumors (each p < 0.01). 22 tumors (0.78%) developed radiographic radiation necrosis following SRS, and this incidence did not differ by tumor size (≤2 mm and 2–10 mm, p = 0.200). This large analysis confirms that SRS remains an effective modality in treatment of small brain metastases. In light of the excellent local control and relatively low risk of toxicity, patients with small brain metastases who otherwise have a reasonable expected survival should be considered for radiosurgical management.
Context-specific adaptation and its significance for neurovestibular problems of space flight

It has been demonstrated that various vestibular and oculomotor responses can be adapted in a context-specific manner: different adapted states are associated with different states of a prevailing context cue, and a change in the context state triggers a change in the response such that each adapted state is associated with a given context state. We review selected literature on context-specific adaptation, including our own recent results on adaptation of saccades, pursuit, and the linear and angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes (LVOR and AVOR), and suggest some ways in which context-specific adaptation might be useful as a countermeasure to the adverse neurovestibular effects of space flight.
When do middlemen matter? Evidence from variation in corruption in India

Corruption is a persistent problem in developing countries, and recent scholarship suggests that middlemen play an important role in corrupt acts. Yet, while intermediaries can reduce transaction costs in illicit exchange, they also increase agency costs and reduce benefits to others. The involvement of middlemen may thus vary. I argue that middlemen are most likely to engage in, and benefit from, the subset of corruption transactions that are repeated frequently, but not by the same parties. I test the implications of this argument using survey experiments administered to a large sample of politicians and bureaucrats at multiple levels of government in India. I show that middlemen are critical, but far from ubiquitous. Intermediaries are more relevant where corrupt deals are frequent but involve unfamiliar potential principals. My results suggest that anticorruption efforts must pay greater attention to the type of corruption and the incentives of middlemen.
Understanding the outperformance of the minimum variance portfolio

Abstract Minimum variance portfolio (MVP) seems to outperform the mean-variance optimized portfolio on a risk-adjusted basis. Scherer (2011) conjectures that the MVP tilts toward low beta and low idiosyncratic risk assets. Consequently, the MVP capitalizes on both the beta anomaly and the idiosyncratic risk anomaly. By providing a counter-example, Yanushevsky and Yanushevsky (2015) show that the proof of the conjecture is incomplete. In this article, we provide conditions under which Scherer (2011) conjecture remains valid. Specifically, we show that the counter-example in Yanushevsky and Yanushevsky (2015) represents a knife-edge case. We also analytically identify the MVP weight sign.
Exercício físico na prevenção de quedas do idoso da comunidade: revisão baseada na evidência

Introduction: The prevention of falls among elder people is an urgent public health challenge. Physical exercise has proven an effective preventive intervention. Objective: Review the latest scientific evidence, concerning the recommendation of physical exercise in the prevention of falls of the elderly of the community. Identify the optimal type and frequency of exercise with better benefits. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using the terms MeSH “aged”, “accidental falls/prevention and control” and “exercise”, in PubMed, Cochrane Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association, Evidence based Medicine e NICE Evidence Search databases, in the last five years. We included articles evaluating the exercise as an isolated intervention in the prevention of falls of the individual of the community, with ≥60 years. Rated result: incidence of falls. Results: Of 637 potential articles, 4 fulfilled inclusion criteria: 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 1 cohort study and 1 meta- analysis (MA). Overall, the results demonstrate a protective effect of exercise. The MA obtained a ratio of incidence rates (IR) was 0.79 (p<0.001), with the training of balance (IR=0.85, p=0.04) and greater weekly dose (IR=0.77, p=0.03) has demonstrated more effective. Contrarily, one RCT suggested that hike can be more effective. The cohort study revealed greater benefit in ≥3 years participations (IR=0.90; p=0.03). Conclusion: Physical exercise is effective in preventing falls in the community elder. Balancing training and weekly ≥3 hours practices showed better results (SORT A). Its maintenance must be encouraged in the long term (SORT B).
Fieldwork Ethics: The Rights and Responsibilities of the Fieldworker

There has been a great deal of discussion in recent years on the responsibilities of the fieldworker with respect to the community whose language is being studied. As Dwyer (2006:50) puts it, “The ethical requirements of fieldwork-based investigation are complex, as they demand that the researcher attend both to a respectful and reciprocal relationship with the language community and produce documentation meeting the standards of the academic community and the funding agency.” In this chapter, we review what has been reported in the literature regarding the challenges of meeting these many demands.
Enhancing the Relevance and Effectiveness of a Youth Gambling Prevention Program for Urban, Minority Youth: A Pilot Study of Maryland Smart Choices

Youth with problem gambling behaviors are susceptible to serious academic, behavioral, and mental health consequences including school failure, criminal involvement, and depression. Coupled with increased exposure to gambling formats, issues related to youth gambling have been deemed a serious public health issue requiring increased prevention efforts. However, the literature is limited in terms of evidence-based gambling prevention programs warranting the development of The Maryland Smart Choices Program (MD-Smart Choices), a gambling prevention program for middle and high school youth. This 3-session, 45-min program was developed for implementation in Baltimore City Public Schools, an urban and predominately African American district with specific aims to engage students, encourage positive behavior, and facilitate learning related to gambling disorder. Pre-post program participation assessments were collected from 72 students across 5 different schools. Results yielded significant increases in student awareness and knowledge following participation in MD-Smart Choices. Focus group data collected from program facilitators suggested high student engagement and participation, program feasibility, and ease of implementation. Study implications and future directions are discussed.
Variation in the use of Fontan fenestration in the current surgical era

Abstract Fontan fenestration reduces chest tube duration and shortens post-operative length of stay but is not universally performed. Using a large national database, we sought to describe current use of the Fontan fenestration, including factors associated with placement. The Virtual Pediatric System database was queried to identify patients with the Society of Thoracic Surgery code for a Fontan procedure during their admission from January 2009 until June 2016. Those undergoing a fenestrated Fontan were compared to those undergoing a non-fenestrated Fontan. Of the 1695 patients, 1084 (64%) had a fenestration placed. There was variation between centers with the range of fenestration placement being 8 to 100%. Those with a fenestration placed had lower weight, despite similar age, and were more likely to have a single right ventricle. Those with a fenestration had lower systolic blood pressure and greater need for mechanical ventilation within the first hour of admission to the intensive care unit after Fontan. Most patients still have a fenestration placed at the time of Fontan but this varies markedly by center. Fenestration placement is more common in higher risk patients including those with a systemic right ventricle. Further study is necessary to determine specific patient populations that benefit from fenestration placement at the time of Fontan.
Just Beneath the Surface

Just Below the Surface A 55-year-old man presented with intermittent fevers and fatigue after returning from a 5-month visit to Pakistan. He had no night sweats, weight loss, headache, cough, diarr...
Systemic Complications and Radiographic Findings of Opioid Use and Misuse: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons

Amid growing concern about the misuse of prescribed opioids, the rising rates of opioid use disorder, and the use of illicit opioids, clinicians in ambulatory, inpatient, and operative environments are encountering opioid-related complications in their patients. These complications can affect multiple organ systems including cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic and are related to excess opioid levels in the body or contamination from non-sterile injection. It is important for the orthopedic surgeon to have a general understanding of the pathologies associated with opioid use disorder and their appearance on diagnostic imaging. This article reviews image findings of several complications, organized in a systems-based approach, for the orthopedic surgeon.
Short Term Outcomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates Receiving Caffeine & Indomethacin

Background Numerous studies have now shown that caffeine is no longer just limited to the treatment of apnea of prematurity. There are several short term benefits such as decreased incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), lower mechanical ventilation days, and better neurodevelopmental outcome at 18-21 months with the use of early caffeine in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) neonates. Whether PDA should be treated medically or surgically is an ongoing debate, but morbidities …
Efficacy of the mini‐meatoplasty

OBJECTIVES The lateral meatoplasty is a well-described technique for widening the lateral external auditory meatus. After bony canalplasty, the external auditory meatus may need to be enlarged to accommodate an expanded tympanic ring. In this study, we introduce a novel meatoplasty technique for use during canalplasty and describe its efficacy in widening the external auditory meatus. METHODS Patients undergoing at least 180-degree bony canalplasty and mini-meatoplasty at a tertiary care facility were enrolled. Meatus diameter was measured before and after mini-meatoplasty using Shea aural speculums and Hegar dilators. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled. Mean preoperative speculum size was 6.1 mm (range 3.5-7.5 mm). All postoperative speculum sizes were 8 mm (P < .0001). Mean preoperative and postoperative Hegar dilator sizes were 10.6 mm (range 7-14 mm) and 16.2 mm (range 13-19 mm), respectively (P < .0001). The mean increase in aural speculum and Hegar dilator sizes were 1.9 mm (range 0.5-3.5 mm) and 5.7 mm (range 3-10 mm), respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The mini-meatoplasty is a novel and effective technique for widening the external auditory meatus after bony canalplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1294-1298, 2020.
Strategies for Teaching Linguistic Preparedness for Physicians: Medical Spanish and Global Linguistic Competence in Undergraduate Medical Education.

Abstract In accordance with Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) curriculum content standards, medical schools are expected to teach physician communication skills and cultural competence....
Effective and Innovative Interactives for icseBooks

The term icseBook (pronounced ice book) was coined for Interactive Computer Science Electronic Books. IcseBooks use interactives to engage students. Interactives use animation and visualization to make difficult concepts easy to understand. Interactives enable students to interact with the book to receive hints, tips, and feedback instantaneously. We have created more than 1500 interactives for each of the interactive ebooks on Java, C++, and Python and have received positive reviews. The interactives can be classified into fourteen types. This paper introduces all fourteen types of interactives, discusses their innovative features and pedagogical merits, and compares them with similar interactives used in the icseBooks on the market.
The Globalization of Female Child Prostitution: A Call For Reintegration and Recovery Measures Via Article 39 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

Female child prostitution is an epidemic that touches every corner of the world.1 The female child2 usually finds her way into prostitution by being bought, kidnapped, tricked, sold by her parents, or traded.3 Figures estimate that the child prostitution business employs approximately 1 million children in Asia,4 1.5 to 2 million children in India,5 100,000 children in the United States,6 and 500,000 children in Latin America.7 Statistics also estimate that in one year's time a child prostitute will service over 2,000 men.8 The globalization of economics is at the forefront of the prostitution problem. Economics perpetuates female child prostitution because it is
Ultrasonic investigation of the pressure profile on the faying surface of fastened aluminum plates

Abstract Machines, buildings, and vehicles often use fasteners to connect structural elements. Screws and bolts introduce a pressure profile on joint interfaces that varies under different material parameters, preloads, and assembly conditions. Characterization of interfacial pressure at the faying surface of a joint is helpful for understanding the dynamics of the entire built-up system. Examples of interfacial measurements in the literature utilize ultrasonic methods. Some of these previous studies have used separate calibration specimens to convert qualitative ultrasonic measurements to quantitative pressure at an interface. An experiment presented here measured the quantitative distribution of pressure between fastened aluminum plates using an ultrasonic probe and force-sensing washer, without the need of a calibration specimen and test. Beyond traditional measurement methods of this type, boundary effects near the fastener were also accounted for. Scans using this method match finite element results, lending to the utility of the new procedure. The new method has shown to be accurate and more advantageous when compared to previous methods.
Thermal conductivity of nano- and micro-crystalline diamond films studied by photothermal excitation of cantilever structures

Abstract Polycrystalline diamond films have unique structural and thermal properties that make them suitable for use in extreme environments. Recently, they have been utilized in accelerator beamlines for electron stripping due to their unique combination of mechanical and thermal properties. Thermal conductivities of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and microcrystalline diamond (μCD) films were characterized using photothermally actuated bimaterial cantilevers. Approximately one micrometer thick NCD and μCD cantilevers were fabricated from microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown polycrystalline diamond (PD) films. A layer of gold was sputtered on the diamond film surfaces to make bilayer cantilevers and the thermal response time was measured by photothermally exciting the bilayer cantilevers, causing them to deflect. Finite element thermomechanical modeling of the deflection dynamics in response to photothermal actuation was performed to determine the NCD and μCD thermal diffusivities and conductivities. By fitting the simulated and experimentally observed response times, thermal conductivities of 10 and 60 W/(m-K) were extracted for the NCD and μCD samples, respectively. Expected changes in thermal conductivity of PD in higher temperature regimes are also discussed. In addition to applications of PD films as electron stripping foils, these findings also have implication in fields such as micro/nano-electromechanical systems.
The Differential Effects of Parental Style on Parental Legitimacy and Domain Specific Adolescent Rule-Violating Behaviors

This study examined whether parental legitimacy served as a mediator in the relation between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and adolescent engagement in four domain-specific rule-violating behaviors (RVB: relational aggression, assault, theft, substance use). A total of 708 middle school and high school students from the New Hampshire Youth Study were surveyed four times every six months for the current study. Using generalized structural equation modeling, results demonstrated that parental legitimacy was a mediator of authoritative parenting style, but was not a significant or consistent mediator for authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, with RVBs. Parental legitimacy fully mediated the relation between authoritative parenting and assault, theft, and relational aggression, but only partially mediated the relation with substance use. This finding suggests that parental legitimacy might be more important in certain domains of behavior than others. Moveover, this pattern mostly persisted when examining changes in RVB overtime and changes in parental legitimacy as a mediator. The implications of parental authority and why adolescents may engage in certain RVB over others, as well as how developmental factors are accounted for in legal socialization, are discussed.
Running it Twice (or Thrice): Double-Header and Triple-Header Baseball Arbitration

Major League Baseball (MLB) uses final offer arbitration (FOA) to set the salaries of certain players. In FOA, the team and the player each submits a proposed salary number, and the arbitrator (in MLB’s case, a panel of three arbitrators) is required to select one of the numbers as the award. The rationale for FOA is that it incentivizes each party to submit a reasonable number so that it will be selected by the arbitrator, and if the submitted numbers are closer, settlement is more likely. Although FOA has historically worked well in MLB, players have been critical of the process in recent years as teams have begun to use the process to their advantage. The root of the problem is that because the award is a binary choice, FOA results in too much variance with (potentially) million-dollar swings in the outcome. This high variance disadvantages the players, who are generally less willing than teams to take risk. It is much easier for teams to play for the long run and take “smart” million-dollar gambles because of their deeper pockets and the ability to spread risk over arbitrations with multiple players over multiple years. But, is there a way to level the proverbial playing field between the teams and players while maintaining the core benefits of FOA? My paper answers in the affirmative by proposing a variation of FOA based on the probability theorem called the Law of Large Numbers and modeled after the “Running it Twice” poker procedure. My proposal — Double-Header Baseball Arbitration — plays out like regular FOA, except that two different arbitrators, independently of each other, decide which of the parties’ numbers to award. If both agree on a number, then that is the award. If they disagree, then the award is the midway point between the two parties’ numbers. In another variation, Triple-Header Baseball Arbitration, three arbitrators decide the case independently of the others. If all three agree on a number, then that is the award; but, if the arbitrators split 2-1, the award is set at the applicable two-thirds point between the parties’ numbers.
Endocrine Therapy and Its Effect on Sexual Function

KEY POINTSBreast cancer and its treatment, especially endocrine therapy, can cause sexual dysfunction, which is often multifactorial in nature with both a physical and mental component.Clinicians s...
Is tree loss associated with cardiovascular-disease risk in the Women's Health Initiative? A natural experiment

Data from the Women's Health Initiative were used to quantify the relationship between the loss of trees to an invasive forest pest-the emerald ash borer-and cardiovascular disease. We estimated a semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards model of time to cardiovascular disease, adjusting for confounders. We defined the incidence of cardiovascular disease as acute myocardial infarction requiring overnight hospitalization, silent MI determined from serial electrocardiograms, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, or death from coronary heart disease. Women living in a county infested with emerald ash borer had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (HR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.20-1.31).
Snow and Ice Environments

Snow Glacial Ice Ice Covers on Lakes Ecophysiology of Ice and Snow Environments Keywords: extreme environments; ice environment; snow environment
Radioactive contamination distribution in the bottom sediments and water of the Mishelyak River

Joint Russian-American field studies have been conducted within theframework of a Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Atomic Energyfor the Russian Federation and the U.S. Department of Energy and managed bythe Joint Coordinating Committee on Environmental Restoration and Waste Management(JCCEM). We conducted the field studies discussed in this report in 1996 nearthe Mayak Production Association in the South Urals, Russia. The primary purposeof the research was to apply new methods to study the distribution of a contaminantplume originating from Lake Karachai, an unlined radioactive waste repository,which is currently migrating into the Mishelyak River valley. This researchwas conducted within the frontal part of the contaminant water plume. Thestudies from this work include: surface water and soil moisture sampling within situ radiometric measurements. The data from the radiometric measurementsobtained in the field were then compared to laboratory measurements of fieldsamples. Due to the possible inflow of the radionuclides from the groundwaterto the Mishelyak River, this paper also describes the study of river bottomsediments and water contamination.