cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OS-aware tuning: improving instruction cache energy efficiency on system workloads

Low power has been considered as an important issue in instruction cache (I-cache) designs. Several studies have shown that the I-cache can be tuned to reduce power. These techniques, however, exclusively focus on user-level applications, even though there is evidence that many commercial and emerging workloads often involve heavy use of the operating system (OS). This study goes beyond previous work to explore the opportunities to design energy-efficient I-cache for system workloads. Employing a full-system experimental framework and a wide range of workloads, we characterize user and OS I-cache accesses and motivate OS-aware I-cache tuning to save power. We then present two techniques (OS-aware cache way lookup and OS-aware cache set drowsy mode) to reduce the dynamic and the static power consumption of I-cache. The proposed OS-aware cache way lookup reduces the number of parallel tag comparisons and data array read-outs for cache accesses to save dynamic I-cache power in a given operation mode. The proposed OS-aware cache set drowsy mode puts I-cache regions that are only heavily used by another operation mode to reduce leakage power. The proposed mechanisms require minimal hardware modification and addition. Simulation based experiments show that with no or negligible impact on performance, applying OS-aware tuning techniques yields significant dynamic and static power savings across the experimented applications. To our knowledge, this is the first work to explore cache power optimization by considering the interactions of application-OS-hardware. It is our belief that the proposed techniques can be applied to improve the I-cache energy efficiency on server processors mostly targeting on modern and commercial applications that heavily invoke OS activities.
Heat-Labile Enterotoxin IIa, a Platform To Deliver Heterologous Proteins into Neurons

ABSTRACT Cholera toxin (CT) and the related heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) of Escherichia coli have been implicated as adjuvants in human therapies, but reactivity upon intranasal delivery dampened efforts to develop other clinical applications. However, each CT family member variant has unique biological properties that may warrant development as therapeutic platforms. In the current study, a nontoxic variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin IIa (LTIIa) was engineered to deliver heterologous, functional proteins into the cytosol of neurons. As proof of principle, the LTIIa variant delivered two cargos into neurons. LTIIa delivered β-lactamase efficiently into cells containing complex gangliosides, such as GD1b, as host receptors. LTIIa delivery of β-lactamase was sensitive to brefeldin A, an inhibitor that collapses the Golgi compartment into the endoplasmic reticulum, but not sensitive to treatment with botulinum neurotoxin D (BoNT/D), an inhibitor of synaptic vesicle cycling. LTIIa delivered a single-chain, anti-BoNT/A camelid antibody that inhibited SNAP25 cleavage during post-BoNT/A exposure of neurons. Delivery of functional, heterologous protein cargos into neurons demonstrates the potential of LTII variants as platforms to deliver therapies to inactivate toxins and microbial infections and to reverse the pathology of human neurodegenerative diseases. IMPORTANCE This study engineered a protein platform to deliver functional, heterologous proteins into neurons. The protein platform developed was a variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin IIa (LTIIa) which lacked the catalytic domain, yielding a nontoxic protein. As proof of principle, LTIIa variants delivered two functional proteins into neurons, β-lactamase and a camelid antibody. These studies show the utility of LTIIa variants to deliver therapies into neurons, which could be extended to inactivate toxins and microbial infections and potentially to reverse the progression of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer9s disease and Parkinson9s disease.
ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION IN A MOUNTAIN VALLEY

It is often expedient to use a mass conservation or box-type model of atmospheric dispersion in mountain valleys because of the ease of definition of the box and the complexities of airflow in rugged terrain. The box model may be parameterized for use in a valley where observed mixing height data are unavailable. The parameterization is achieved through a series of modeling procedures. When the memory characteristic is taken into account, the box model performs satisfactorily with synthetic mixing height data and, therefore, could be a useful tool in air quality planning for mountain valleys.
WDM Cluster Ring: A Low-Complexity Partitionable Reconfigurable Processor Interconnection Structure

Wavelength selectivity of light sources and fil ters enable reconfigurable and partitionable parallel computer interconnection at low space complexity via wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Large scale processor networks can be built by mixing wavelength-division and passive space-division. In a multi-domain WDM network clusters of processors can be assigned ordered wavelength channel sets such that interprocessor communication takes place on a conflict-free point-to-point basis. This paper presents a multi-domain WDM processor interconnec tion structure based on a ring of processor clusters. The cluster ring has a limited space complexity and is easily partitionable into sub-networks, each can be reconfigured to multiple connectivities by appropriately tuning node transceivers. Reconfiguration of arbitrarily-sized sub-networks into grids, binary trees, and multi stage connectivities is demonstrated. The objective is supporting multi-user parallel computing with a relaxed application depen dence on the physical interconnection topology.
The Impact of Water Turbidity on Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Simulations in a Layered Global Ocean Model

Abstract The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with an embedded bulk-type mixed layer model is used to examine the effects of ocean turbidity on sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) simulations over the global ocean. The model accounts for ocean turbidity through depth-dependent attenuation of solar radiation in the mixed layer formulation as determined from the diffusive attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (k490) obtained by the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS). Interannual model simulations are used to assess the first-order effects of ocean turbidity on SST and MLD simulation. Results are reported from three model experiments performed using different values for the attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (kPAR). It is shown that, although allowing incoming solar radiation to vary in time and space is desirable for predicting SST, in an OGCM use of a constant kPAR with a value of 0.06 m−1 is generally sufficient in the deep ...
Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions with Chiral Amidocuprates: The effect of Cu(I) salts and coordinating heteroatoms

Chiral amidocuprates with methyl or n-butyl transferable ligands containing additional heteroatoms afforded higher asymmetric induction with CuBr than with CuI, although reactivity and chemical yields are generally higher with CuI. The enantiomeric excess generally increases with the number of heteroatoms in the chiral amine ligand available for coordination and was low and extremely variable for the bidentate system 1a.
Heparin binding induces conformational changes in Adeno-associated virus serotype 2

Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) uses heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a cell surface-attachment receptor. In this study the structures of AAV2 alone and complexed with heparin were determined to approximately 18A resolution using cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. A difference map showed positive density, modeled as heparin, close to the icosahedral twofold axes and between the protrusions that surround the threefold axes of the capsid. Regions of the model near the threefold place the receptor in close proximity to basic residues previously identified as part of the heparin binding site. The region of the model near the twofold axes identifies a second contact site, not previously characterized but which is also possibly configured by heparin binding. The difference map also revealed two significant conformational changes: (I) at the tops of the threefold protrusions, which have become flattened in the complex, and (II) at the fivefold axes where the top of the channel is widened possibly in response to movement of the HI loops in the capsid proteins. Ordered density in the interior of the capsid in the AAV2-heparin complex was interpreted as nucleic acid, consistent with the presence of non-viral DNA in the expressed capsids.
Explanation of Table II

The analytical line to be expanded is listed in the heading at the top of each page and is labeled with an asterisk (*) preceding the appropriate element symbol in column one. For each line, Table Ila lists all lines found within ±: 1 angstrom and Table IIb all prominent lines found within ±5 angstroms.
Rapid transient absorption and biliary secretion of enantiomeric cholesterol in hamsters

To probe the pathway and specificity of cholesterol absorption, the synthetic enantiomer of cholesterol (ent-cholesterol) and cholesterol were labeled with deuterium, gavaged into hamsters, and measured by negative ion mass spectrometry. Initial uptake of both tracers into the intestinal mucosa at 30 min was similar but cholesterol was temporarily retained there, whereas mucosal ent-cholesterol declined rapidly with concomitantly increased enrichment in both the systemic circulation and the gut lumen. In a 3 day fecal recovery study, ent-cholesterol was quantitatively recovered in the stool, whereas cholesterol absorption was 53.2%. ent-Cholesterol given by intracardiac injection was selectively secreted into bile, and the ratio of ent-cholesterol to cholesterol tracers in the gut lumen increased down the length of the small bowel, with the largest value being found in stool. ent-Cholesterol is efficiently taken up by the intestinal mucosa and undergoes transient enterohepatic recirculation, but it is quantitatively eliminated over 3 days as a result of selective secretion into bile and selective enrichment within the lumen of the intestine. These findings suggest that cholesterol absorption is structurally specific and likely to be mediated by enantiospecific cellular proteins.
RISK OF TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA AND NEOSPORA HUGHESI IN CALIFORNIA HORSES

The study objective was to assess the risk of transplacental transmission of Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi in foals from 4 California farms during 3 foaling seasons. Serum of presuckle foals and serum and colostrum of periparturient mares were tested using indirect fluorescent antibody tests for S. neurona and N. hughesi. Serum antibody titers were ≤10 in 366 presuckle foals tested. There was no serologic or histologic evidence of either parasite in aborted fetuses or placentas examined. Positivity for S. neurona and N. hughesi in mares increased with age. Mares ≤9 yr that originated from Kentucky were 3.8 and 1.4 times more likely to be positive for S. neurona and N. hughesi, respectively, than mares from California. The strength of association between positivity to either parasite and state of birth decreased as age increased. Mares positive for S. neurona and N. hughesi were 2.2 and 1.7 times more likely, respectively, to have a previous abortion than negative mares, adjusted for age and sta...
Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers

Objective To describe the relapse curve and rate of long-term prolonged abstinence among smokers who try to quit without treatment. Method Systematic literature review. Data sources Cochrane Reviews, Dissertation Abstracts, Excerpt Medica, Medline, Psych Abstracts and US Center for Disease Control databases plus bibliographies of articles and requests of scientists. Study selection Prospective studies of self-quitters or studies that included a no-treatment control group. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted data in a non-blind manner. Data synthesis The number of studies was too small and the data too heterogeneous for meta-analysis or other statistical techniques. Results There is a paucity of studies reporting relapse curves of self-quitters. The existing eight relapse curves from two studies of self-quitters and five no-treatment control groups indicate most relapse occurs in the first 8 days. These relapse curves were heterogeneous even when the final outcome was made similar. In terms of prolonged abstinence rates, a prior summary of 10 self-quitting studies, two other studies of self-quitters and three no-treatment control groups indicate 3–5% of self-quitters achieve prolonged abstinence for 6–12 month after a given quit attempt. Conclusions More reports of relapse curves of self-quitters are needed. Smoking cessation interventions should focus on the first week of abstinence. Interventions that produce abstinence rates of 5–10% may be effective. Cessation studies should report relapse curves.
Quality traits of date palm fruits in a center of origin and center of diversity

Multivariate statistical analyses procedures were employed in data reduction of six fruit qualitative traits in addition to economic value and a final score of fruit quality, scored at the “tamr” fruit ripening stage of 203 date palm cultivars grown in 20 ecogeographical regions in six countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Phenotypic diversity indices varied tremendously among (0.885 to 1.122) and within (0.086 to 0.998) countries. These cultivars represent a complex gene pool within which historical movements of germplasm, recent introductions and human selection are shaping their genetic structure. The relatively low amount of variation (49%) explained by the first three principal components, and the portion of total diversity (0.761) partitioned among ecogeographical regions (32%), among populations (45%) and among cultivars (23%) indicate the presence of a highly diverse germplasm among and within countries. Discriminant analysis correctly assigned 55 to 88% of the germplasm to its country of origin; fruit color, ripening and shape provided the basis for this level of discrimination. Anthropogenic factors were reflected on the number of traits forming two-, three- or four-trait log-linear models for each country. However, fruit color, shape, size and ripening and their interactions predominantly reflected differences in consumer preferences in these countries. “Hot spots” were identified in some ecogeographical regions where unique variants of quality traits are found with high frequencies.
Separation of methylated free bile acids from their taurine and methyl glycine conjugates by thin-layer chromatography

Class separation of methylated free bile acids from bile acids conjugated with taurine and methylglycine was accomplished using a solvent system of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-absolute ethanol 10:1 (v/v). By developing a silica thin-layer plate two times with solvent in a Brinkmann sandwich tank, the difficult resolution between methyl cholate and methyl glycolithocholate was achieved. Evidence is presented that this separation system may be useful as a preparative step in the analysis of bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography.--Bolt, M. J. G. Separation of methylated free bile acids from their taurine and methyl glycine conjugates by thin-layer chromatography.
THE STATISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON BUS-STOP DAILY BOARDING IN RICHMOND CITY

THE STATISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON BUS-STOP DAILY BOARDING IN RICHMOND CITY By Yue Zhao, Master of Urban and Regional Planning A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban and Regional Planning at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Advisor: Xueming Chen, Ph.D, Associate Professor, Master of Urban and Regional Planning Program At present, Richmond, Virginia only has bus transit services provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC) and primarily concentrated within the boundary of Richmond City. GRTC is impacted by both supply-side and demand-side factors, notably socioeconomic characteristics of bus riders, bus ridership is unevenly distributed across different bus stops. This thesis will conduct statistical and geographical analysis on the impacts of socioeconomic characteristics on bus-stop daily boarding in Richmond City. The statistical analysis includes both correlation analysis and regression analysis, assuming one dependent variable (bus-stop daily boarding) and fourteen independent variables (most of which describe socioeconomic characteristics of bus riders) at aggregated census block group levels. The research concentrates on local bus routes and the block groups with local bus stops in Richmond. This empirical study aims to identify the significant factors impacting bus ridership and assess the bus service situation for affected block groups (under-served or over-served). The study outcomes, such as the number of bus lines as the most important factor impacting ridership, will have important implications for Richmond’s local transit planning and decision-making.
A simple route to diverse noble metal-decorated iron oxide nanoparticles for catalysis.

Developing facile synthetic routes to multifunctional nanoparticles combining the magnetic properties of iron oxides with the optical and catalytic utility of noble metal particles remains an important goal in realizing the potential of hybrid nanomaterials. To this end, we have developed a single route to noble metal-decorated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2–M; M = Au, Pd, Ag, and PtAg) and characterized them by HRTEM and STEM/EDX imaging to reveal their nanometer size (16 nm Fe3O4 and 1–5 nm M seeds) and uniformity. This represents one of the few examples of genuine multifunctional particles on the nanoscale. We show that these hybrid structures have excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (knorm = 2 × 107 s−1 mol(Pd)−1; 5 × 106 s−1 mol(Au)−1; 5 × 105 s−1 mol(PtAg)−1; 7 × 105 s−1 mol(Ag)−1). These rates are the highest reported for nano-sized comparables, and are competitive with mesoparticles of similar composition. Due to their magnetic response, the particles are also suitable for magnetic recovery and maintain >99% conversion for at least four cycles. Using this synthetic route, Fe3O4@SiO2–M particles show great promise for further development as a precursor to complicated anisotropic materials or for applications ranging from nanocatalysis to biomedical sensing.
A Viscosity Model for Soy White Flakes-Based Aquafeed Dough in a Single Screw Extruder

A viscosity model was developed to study the influence of soy white flakes during extrusion of fish feed and the effect of extrusion processing parameters on mass flow rate, torque, specific mechanical energy and viscosity of dough inside a single screw extruder were evaluated. Full factorial design was used for three variables each at three levels which generated total 27 experimental runs. Round capillary die rheometer was used to determine the rheological data of the dough within the extruder. It was observed that increase in the soy white flakes content resulted in a higher mass flow rate, torque and specific mechanical energy and a decrease in the apparent viscosity. The specific mechanical energy, mass flow rate increased and viscosity decreased with increase in screw speed. Higher barrel and die temperature led to decrease in the apparent viscosity of the dough, torque and specific mechanical energy. The viscosity model developed in this study can be applied to develop large-scale extrusion models to determine the effect of soy white flakes on the feed material extrudates. Practical Applications During extrusion, the shearing effects of screws with thermal energy generated by viscous dissipation modifies the rheological properties of raw materials due to the physical and chemical changes of biopolymers. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the rheological properties of dough during extrusion. In the present study the viscosity of dough within the extruder was analyzed and the effect of extrusion processing parameters on the viscosity was evaluated. This study provides new experimental data of viscosity of soy white flakes-based aquafeed dough during extrusion processing. The viscosity models developed will be of great significance for aquafeed manufacturing industry mainly to produce low cost soy white flakes-based fish feed.
Public-Good Theory and Bargaining Between Large and Small Countries

Olson's theory of exploitation in public-good situations says that large countries are exploited by small ones with regard to the cost-benefit ratio of public goods. The policy implication of this theory is that small countries need not cooperate with large ones about the provision of public goods. With regard to groups that are formed to increase the supply of public goods, the larger the size of the group, the more it will fall short of providing optimal amounts of public goods. This theory has been applied to international organization and supposedly explains why small groups are more successful than large ones in providing themselves with public goods. However, the analysis here shows that large and small countries may exploit one another. This is shown by concentrating on the reaction process in public-good theory, a concept that permits testing of the exploitation thesis. The results demonstrate that mutual exploitation may lead to economic cooperation between large and small countries about public-good supplies. Economic cooperation requires the presence of several public goods; therefore, an organization's success in providing public goods may not necessarily be a function of group size. Instead, success may be a function of the number of public goods the organization supplies.
Distribution of Glycogen in the Dog's Heart.

SummaryWhile individual hearts show wide variations in the comparative contents of glycogen in the several parts, averages for the 12 hearts studied indicate that in a large series these differences would not be great. In general, the left atrium and the right ventricle show slightly higher percentages than do the remaining parts of the heart. Whether this greater content would hold for a larger series and possible structural or functional significance of such differences are matters entirely speculative in nature.
Temperature and Salinity as Factors Influencing the Size and Reproductive Potentials of Aedes dorsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Effects of temperature and salinity are based on experiments with females of Aedes dorsalis Meigen that emerged from media containing 0 to 25,000 ppm NaCl at 21, 25, and 30°C. The influence of temperature on the size of the individuals and their reproductive potentials interacted significantly with the salinity of the medium. On the average, females that emerged from media without added salt at 21°C were the largest (3.86 ± 0.03 mm) and deposited the greatest number of eggs (225 ± 32 per female). Those reared in media without added salt at 30°C were the smallest, even smaller than the females that emerged from media containing large amounts (20,000 ppm). Irrespective of the salinity of the medium, stress at 30°C also caused a significant reduction in wing length and numbers of eggs deposited as compared with effects of 21 and 25°C. Other evidence of thermally induced deficiencies were increases in the intervals between intake of blood meals and ovipositional efforts.
Rheology of rock around deep tunnel

To analyse the rheological phenomenon of tunnel at great depth and keep the long term stability of the geotechnical engineering,the rheology of rock around tunnels was studied with Shvedov-Bingham model.The elasto-plastic state was taken as the initial state,different mechanical properties in elastic and plastic zones were considered,and the evolution law of shearing strenght and deformatin of volume in different zones was analyzed.By theoretical derivation,analytic solutions to rheological radius and stress-strain state were obtained,and the evolution law of them was also analyzed.It is pointed out that ,to research the rheological phenomenon of tunnel at great depth,elasto-plastic state should be taken as the initial state.
New Conception of Rice Breeding in the Future

Three new conceptions of rice breeding in the future are introduced bri efly: from conventional breeding to rice variety design; discovery and exploitat ion of "hidden" genetic diversity for improvement of abiotic stress tolerances; rear green rice .All these conceptions could not leave that the collection , ide ntification ,analysis and utilization of rice gene resources; the integration of the conventional breeding and modern biological technology; the cooperation of all kinds of personnel from upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches.
ISOLATION ANALYSIS OF TISSUE FATTY ACIDS BY ULTRAMICRO-OZONOLYSIS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY.

Apparatus and technique for the detailed analysis of natural mixtures of fatty acids by a combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), and reductive ozonolysis are described. The fatty acids, as methyl esters, are separated on the basis of differences in unsaturation and chain length by the application of TLC using chromatoplates coated with silver nitrate-silica gel followed by GLC. Each group of fatty acid esters is analyzed by reductive ozonolysis by an ultramicromethod. The general procedure is demonstrated with pure methyl esters and mixtures thereof, and it is applied to the analysis of the fatty acids of the liver phospholipids of rats fed a fat-free diet. The detection of endogenous 4,7,10,13-eicosatetraenoic acid of the palmitoleic acid family is reported.
Model and Molecule

Publisher Summary The chapter states that the graphics image itself is incomplete, because it does not reveal things that may be known about the complex from other types of experiments, and it does not even reveal all that can be learnt from X-ray crystallography. The chapter emphasizes the fact that crystallography model is richer than the graphics image. These models can be used to learn the functioning of molecules: how enzymes catalyze metabolic reactions, how transport proteins load and unload their molecular cargo, how antibodies bind and destroy foreign substances, and how proteins bind to DNA, perhaps turning genes on and off. Informed use of a model requires evaluating its quality, which may entail using online model validation tools to assess model quality, and reading the crystallographic papers and data files that report the new structure, to extract from them criteria of model quality. In fact, models are hard-won products of technically difficult data collection and powerful but subtle data analysis. And they are richer and more informative than any single image, or even a rotating computer image, can convey. The chapter is concerned with where these models of structure come from and how to use them wisely.
The future of clinical cancer genomics

The current and future applications of genomics to the practice of preventive oncology are being impacted by a number of challenges. These include rapid advances in genomic science and technology that allow massively parallel sequencing of both tumors and the germline, a diminishing of intellectual property restrictions on diagnostic genetic applications, rapid expansion of access to the internet which includes mobile access to both genomic data and tools to communicate and interpret genetic data in a medical context, the expansion of for-profit diagnostic companies seeking to monetize genetic information, and a simultaneous effort to depict medical professionals as barriers to rather than facilitators of understanding one's genome. Addressing each of these issues will be required to bring "personalized" germline genomics to cancer prevention and care. A profound future challenge will be whether clinical cancer genomics will be "de-medicalized" by commercial interests and their advocates, or whether the future course of this field can be modulated in a responsible way that protects the public health while implementing powerful new medical tools for cancer prevention and early detection.
Why Collaborate in International Finance

Rachel McCulloch thinks collaboration is an inveterate, established habit, and therefore not easily changed. Surveying her fellow scholars’ collaborations, she sources the reason for collaboration to circumstances and tastes, and the nature of research itself. She suggests that the cost of collaboration can block entry. The tradeoff is between benefits from collaboration and two types of costs relating to “coordination and credit for completed work, with emphasis on the latter.” Short- and long-term partnerships may be a function of circumstances. McCulloch’s many collaborations with Janet Yellen tapered off as “Janet’s published research in her own major area of interest, macroeconomics, started to take off only after she left Harvard, and especially after she began to collaborate with her husband, George Akerlof [Nobel Prize, 2001].”
New developments in protein synthesis. A survey.

In the framework of an outline of the mechanism of protein synthesis the following topics were discussed more extensively: 1) Specificity in peptide chain initiation and the problem of translational control. 2) GTP cleavage as promoted by elongation factors Tu and G and the role of particular ribosomal proteins. 3) Protein synthesis and the stringent control of RNA synthesis and other processes by amino acids. 4) The interferon defense mechanism.
Medical Cannabis, a Beneficial High in Treatment of Blepharospasm? An Early Observation

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of medical cannabis in benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) as an adjunct to botulinum toxin. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients certified for medical cannabis use for BEB from September 2015 to May 2016. Patient demographics and responses, cannabis history, and severity indices were collected. Ten patients were certified for medical cannabis use. Five met the inclusion criteria, which was any patient with a diagnosis of BEB receiving standard botulinum toxin treatment who had started medical cannabis treatment by a registered distributor within the state, and was contactable by phone. Four patients discontinued use. Three out of four patients (75%) reported symptomatic improvement. Medical cannabis is an accepted therapy for muscle spastic disorders. Its potential as an adjunctive therapy for BEB remains unknown, and further investigations would be of benefit.
A modified Embedded-Atom Method interatomic potential for uranium-silicide

Abstract Uranium-silicide (U-Si) fuels are being pursued as a possible accident tolerant fuel (ATF). This uranium alloy fuel benefits from higher thermal conductivity and higher fissile density compared to uranium dioxide (UO 2 ). In order to perform engineering scale nuclear fuel performance simulations, the material properties of the fuel must be known. Currently, the experimental data available for U-Si fuels is rather limited. Thus, multiscale modeling efforts are underway to address this gap in knowledge. In this study, a semi-empirical modified Embedded-Atom Method (MEAM) potential is presented for the description of the U-Si system. The potential is fitted to the formation energy, defect energies and structural properties of U 3 Si 2 . The primary phase of interest (U 3 Si 2 ) is accurately described over a wide temperature range and displays good behavior under irradiation and with free surfaces. The potential can also describe a variety of U-Si phases across the composition spectrum.
ApoE Mimetic Peptide Reduces Plasma Lipid Hydroperoxide Content with a Concomitant Increase in HDL Paraoxonase Activity

ApoE mimetic peptide possesses the putative receptor binding domain 141–150 (LRKLRKRLLR) of apoE covalently linked to the class A amphipathic helical peptide 18A. It dramatically reduces plasma cholesterol in dyslipidemic mouse and rabbit models. Recycling of apoE mimetic peptide increases the duration of preβ-HDL formation leading to extended anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties.
Floras, Plant Conservation and China’s Future

This chapter will cover four areas: (1) an overview of the Flora of China, its characteristics, and the reasons for its rich development; (2) the fomiation of databases for an overall understanding of these plants; (3) plant conservation in China; and (4) Chinese medicinal plants and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Challenges to a Neuroanatomical Theory of Forebrain Auditory Plasticity

The mature brain performs paradoxical tasks. It encodes sensory experience accurately and with fidelity, and it modifies otherwise stable maps of the ears, eyes, and body to represent learning (Weinberger et al, 1984), forgetting (Bakin and Weinberger, 1990), and manipulation of stimulus parameters and statistics (Zhang et al, 2002). These two functional modes have elicited attention at the synaptic (Metherate and Ashe, 1995) and systems (Wall, 1988) levels of analysis, both of which have dynamic (Calford, 2002) as well as metastable (Schieber, 2001) elements. Reconciling the conflicting requirements of stability and lability in the adult map is a profound challenge for systems neuroscience that has received surprisingly little attention at the neuroanatomical level of discourse. The finding that primary auditory cortex (Al) neurons can reorganize their tonotopic map rapidly and globally in a frequency-specific manner (Kilgard and Merzenich, 1998) suggests that the continuous impact of sensory plasticity on shaping local processing (Weinberg, 1997) may have been underestimated (Kaas, 1997). A key issue for understanding the limits of such systems-level plasticity is to propose, and ultimately to test, a theory of neural substrates that plausibly encode, or that instruct the brain to represent, experience selectively (Recanzone et al, 1993), specifically 109
A Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis for Spiral Bevel Gears

A transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis for spiral bevel gears is presented. The time dependent Reynolds equation is solved numerically considering the effect of the rate of change of contact parameters. Some fundamental characteristics of the dynamic loading are investigated in detail and are compared with the Grubin's approximations. Next, this solution method is applied to the spiral bevel gear system. Because the ellipticity parameter is high, the line contact case is assumed.
On the shows

![Figure][1] Image courtesy of iStock/Stephanie_Zieber > On the shows > > paddles are charged, > > and all are clear. > He beeps back, > > a gift from nylon hands > > armed with solemn oaths > > and perfect hair. > I wish I knew > > when I shocked the poor man. > It’s violent
Dose-Adjusted Intensive Chemotherapy Is Safe and Tolerable in Older Patients with Ph-Negative ACUTE Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Outcomes of older adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain poor [PMID 19897583, 28419558, 22409379, 10653870]. PEG-Asparaginase (PEG-Asp) is a key component of the chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of pediatric and younger adult ALL [PMID 29450465]. Older patients with Ph-negative ALL are often not offered PEG-Asp containing regimen due to concerns related to tolerability and safety [PMID 28355969]. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis The Adult Leukemia Program at Mount Sinai Hospital developed an age-based, dose-adjusted pediatric chemotherapy regimen for adults (≥40 years) with diagnosis of Ph-negative ALL. For patients up to 60 years, prednisone (PRD) dose was reduced to 40 mg/m2/day, and PEG-Asp to 1000 units/m2. For patients aged ≥61 years, PRD was further reduced to 25 mg/m2/day. A PEG-Asp oriented supportive care plan was developed to prevent and treat Asp-related adverse effects (AE) based on Antithrombin III (ATIII) and fibrinogen levels. Findings & Interpretation Fourteen patients with median age 60 years (45 – 76) were evaluable, and three patients were ≥ 70 years. Eleven patients had significant co-morbidities at diagnosis, including diabetes, hypertension, previous history of cancer, coronary artery disease, obesity, alcohol related chronic pancreatitis, and chronic diarrhea. Eleven patients (79%) attained a complete remission (CR) at the end of induction (EOI), four of them with detectable minimal residual disease (MRD). Five patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) while in CR (age range 46 – 60), four remain in CR at last follow up (median 563 days, range 259 – 883), and one died of relapsed disease 67 days post-HCT. The other eight patients who are receiving chemotherapy are in remission at last follow up (median 317 days, range 63 – 714). Observed PEG-Asp related AE were asymptomatic hypofibrinogenemia and low ATIII levels (n=10), severe hyperbilirubinemia (n=1), and non-life-threatening venous thrombosis (n=1). No patient experienced early death, severe allergic reaction or clinical pancreatitis. Discussion & Implications This dose-adjusted PEG-Asp containing regimen was associated with an encouraging CR rate and with tolerable and manageable AE in this patient population with significant co-morbidities. Treatment related mortality was 0%. Twelve of the 14 patients are currently in sustained remission (median follow-up 399 days, range 63-883). Further prospective evaluation is under way.
Super-resolution imaging

Image Super-Resolution: Historical Overview and Future Challenges, J. Yang and T. Huang Introduction to Super-Resolution Notations Techniques for Super-Resolution Challenge issues for Super-Resolution Super-Resolution Using Adaptive Wiener Filters, R.C. Hardie Introduction Observation Model AWF SR Algorithms Experimental Results Conclusions Acknowledgments Locally Adaptive Kernel Regression for Space-Time Super-Resolution, H. Takeda and P. Milanfar Introduction Adaptive Kernel Regression Examples Conclusion AppendiX Super-Resolution With Probabilistic Motion Estimation, M. Protter and M. Elad Introduction Classic Super-Resolution: Background The Proposed Algorithm Experimental Validation Summary Spatially Adaptive Filtering as Regularization in Inverse Imaging, A. Danielyan, A. Foi, V. Katkovnik, and K. Egiazarian Introduction Iterative filtering as regularization Compressed sensing Super-resolution Conclusions Registration for Super-Resolution, P. Vandewalle, L. Sbaiz, and M. Vetterli Camera Model What Is Resolution? Super-Resolution as a Multichannel Sampling Problem Registration of Totally Aliased Signals Registration of Partially Aliased Signals Conclusions Towards Super-Resolution in the Presence of Spatially Varying Blur, M. Sorel, F. Sroubek and J. Flusser Introduction Defocus and Optical Aberrations Camera Motion Blur Scene Motion Algorithms Conclusion Acknowledgments Toward Robust Reconstruction-Based Super-Resolution, M. Tanaka and M. Okutomi Introduction Overviews Robust SR Reconstruction with Pixel Selection Robust Super-Resolution Using MPEG Motion Vectors Robust Registration for Super-Resolution Conclusions Multi-Frame Super-Resolution from a Bayesian Perspective, L. Pickup, S. Roberts, A. Zisserman and D. Capel The Generative Model Where Super-Resolution Algorithms Go Wrong Simultaneous Super-Resolution Bayesian Marginalization Concluding Remarks Variational Bayesian Super Resolution Reconstruction, S. Derin Babacan, R. Molina, and A.K. Katsaggelos Introduction Problem Formulation Bayesian Framework for Super Resolution Bayesian Inference Variational Bayesian Inference Using TV Image Priors Experiments Estimation of Motion and Blur Conclusions Acknowledgements Pattern Recognition Techniques for Image Super-Resolution, K. Ni and T.Q. Nguyen Introduction Nearest Neighbor Super-Resolution Markov Random Fields and Approximations Kernel Machines for Image Super-Resolution Multiple Learners and Multiple Regressions Design Considerations and Examples Remarks Glossary Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Multi-Channel Images, O.G. Sezer and Y. Altunbasak Introduction Notation Image Acquisition Model Subspace Representation Reconstruction Algorithm Experiments & Discussions Conclusion New Applications of Super-Resolution in Medical Imaging, M.D.Robinson, S.J. Chiu, C.A. Toth, J.A. Izatt, J.Y. Lo, and S. Farsiu Introduction The Super-Resolution Framework New Medical Imaging Applications Conclusion Acknowledgment Practicing Super-Resolution: What Have We Learned? N. Bozinovic Abstract Introduction MotionDSP: History and Concepts Markets and Applications Technology Results Lessons Learned Conclusions
Effects of ionizing radiation on RNA metabolism in cultured mammalian cells

Abstract The cell growth response of cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, line CHO, to 800 rads of X irradiation involves a period of division delay, followed by a period of resumed division which terminates in a plateau phase. Over 95% of the cells die eventually. No direct effects on RNA or protein metabolism are evident during the delay period. During the resumed division and beginning of plateau phases, however, a specific and relatively constant reduction in mRNA synthesis relative to messenger-like RNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA synthesis is evidenced. The ratio of mRNA to messenger-like RNA synthesis ranges from 0.8 to 0.65 during these phases. The effect is not due to altered cell-cycle distribution, and evidence is presented to indicate that it is probably not a compensatory response to the unbalanced growth that occurs during the division delay period.
Cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Using a modified CISNET breast cancer simulation model, we estimated outcomes for women aged 40–64 years associated with three scenarios: breast cancer screening within the NBCCEDP, screening in the absence of the NBCCEDP (no program), and no screening through any program. We report screening outcomes, cost, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and sensitivity analyses results. Compared with no program and no screening, the NBCCEDP lowers breast cancer mortality and improves QALYs, but raises health care costs. Base-case ICER for the program was $51,754/QALY versus no program and $50,223/QALY versus no screening. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis ICER for the program was $56,615/QALY [95% CI $24,069, $134,230/QALY] versus no program and $51,096/QALY gained [95% CI $26,423, $97,315/QALY] versus no screening. On average, breast cancer screening in the NBCCEDP was cost-effective compared with no program or no screening.
Hydrocolloids as Emulsifiers and Stabilizers in Beverage Preservation

Abstract Since emulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems, which tend to separate into two immiscible liquids, hydrocolloids are considered the most important group of ingredients used to stabilize and protect flavors in beverage emulsions. Gum arabic and modified starches are the most common emulsifiers and stabilizers used in beverage emulsions; however, other hydrocolloids used as stabilizers include xanthan, galactomannans, carrageenan, pectin, cellulose derivatives, and alginates. Each of these hydrocolloids has its unique functional properties that can affect the physicochemical and textural properties of beverage emulsions. Therefore, selection of the most appropriate ingredients is one of the most important decisions that a beverage manufacturer should make during the design, formulation, and production of beverage emulsions. This chapter provides an overview of the ingredients used in beverage emulsions, specifically the most significant protein and polysaccharide hydrocolloids, and discusses how they can be utilized to stabilize and protect flavors in beverage emulsions.
Fe limitation decreases transcriptional regulation over the diel cycle in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.

Iron (Fe) is an important growth factor for diatoms and its availability is further restricted by changes in the carbonate chemistry of seawater. We investigated the physiological attributes and transcriptional profiles of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana grown on a day: night cycle under different CO2/pH and iron concentrations, that in combination generated available iron (Fe’) concentrations of 1160, 233, 58 and 12 pM. We found the light-dark conditions to be the main driver of transcriptional patterns, followed by Fe’ concentration and CO2 availability, respectively. At the highest Fe’ (1160 pM), 55% of the transcribed genes were differentially expressed between day and night, whereas at the lowest Fe’ (12 pM), only 28% of the transcribed genes displayed comparable patterns. While Fe limitation disrupts the diel expression patterns for genes in most central metabolism pathways, the diel expression of light- signaling molecules and glycolytic genes was relatively robust in response to reduced Fe’. Moreover, we identified a non-canonical splicing of transcripts encoding triose-phosphate isomerase, a key-enzyme of glycolysis, generating transcript isoforms that would encode proteins with and without an active site. Transcripts that encoded an active enzyme maintained a diel expression at low Fe’, while transcripts that encoded the non-active enzyme lost the diel expression. This work illustrates the interplay between nutrient limitation and transcriptional regulation over the diel cycle. Considering that future ocean conditions will reduce the availability of Fe in many parts of the oceans, our work identifies some of the regulatory mechanisms that may shape future ecological communities.
On the accuracy of low-cost dual-frequency GNSS network receivers and reference data

The trend in spatial data accuracy has gone from meters to decimeters and even centimeter levels in the last two decades. In large part, the centimeter(s) level spatial accuracies of geospatial pro...