cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic fate of glucose in reversible low-flow ischemia of the isolated working rat heart

The acute adaptation of myocardial glucose metabolism in response to low-flow ischemia and reperfusion was investigated in isolated working rat hearts perfused with bicarbonate saline containing glucose (10 mM) and insulin (40 microU/ml). Reversible low-flow ischemia was induced by reducing coronary perfusion pressure from 100 to 35 cmH2O. Tritiated glucose was used to assess rates of glucose transport and phosphorylation, flux from glucose to pyruvate, and oxidation of exogenous glucose. Rates of glycogen synthesis and glycolysis were also assessed. With ischemia, cardiac power decreased by more than two-thirds. Rates of glucose uptake and flux from glucose to pyruvate remained unchanged, while glucose oxidation declined by 61%. Rates of lactate release more than doubled, and fractional enrichment of glycogen remained the same. During reperfusion, glucose oxidation returned to the preischemic values. When isoproterenol was added during ischemia, glucose uptake increased, glycogen decreased, and lactate release increased. No effect was seen with pacing. We conclude that during low-flow ischemia and with glucose as the only exogenous substrate, net glucose uptake remains unchanged. There is a reversible redirection between glycolysis and glucose oxidation, while glycogen synthesis continues during ischemia and is enhanced with reperfusion.
Oxalobacteraceae fam. nov.

Ox.al.o.bac.ter.a' ce.ae. M.L. masc. n. Oxalobacter type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote family; M.L. fem. pl. n. Oxalobacteraceae the Oxalobacter family. Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Oxalobacteraceae Keywords: Oxalobacteraceae fam. nov.; Oxalobacter; Betaproteobacteria class. nov.; Burkholderiales ord. nov
Partial Orders, Lattices, Well-Founded Orderings, Unique Prime Factorization in ℤ and GCDs, Equivalence Relations, Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers, Public Key Cryptography and RSA, Distributive Lattices, Boolean Algebras, Heyting Algebras

There are two main kinds of relations that play a very important role in mathematics and computer science: 1. Partial orders 2. Equivalence relations
Interrogation of the Gulf toadfish intestinal proteome response to hypersalinity exposure provides insights into osmoregulatory mechanisms and regulation of carbonate mineral precipitation

Abstract Marine bony fish live in a hyperosmotic environment and maintain osmotic homeostasis by drinking seawater, and absorbing salt and water across their gastrointestinal tract. Although the ion and water transport mechanisms in the intestine have been the subject of much study, numerous questions remain unanswered. To address some of these questions, a shotgun proteomics methodology employing isobaric tandem mass tags (TMT) was used to interrogate the anterior intestine, posterior intestine, and intestinal fluid proteomes of Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) acclimated to normal (35 ppt) or hypersaline (60 ppt) seawater. Relative protein abundance between tissues was also investigated using label free quantitation. Protein products from nearly 3000 unique toadfish loci were identified and quantified between the tissues, and pathway analysis was performed to gain insight into biological significance. Numerous proteins potentially involved in ion transport, digestion, nutrient absorption, and intestinal CaCO3 precipitation were found to respond to changing salinity, providing additional insight into the molecular mechanisms behind these processes. Intestinal protein heterogeneity was also observed with proteins involved in ion transport responding to hypersalinity exposure primarily in the anterior intestine, and proteins involved in digestion and nutrient absorption showing higher abundance in the anterior intestine, regardless of salinity.
Learning with Inscrutable Theories

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of learning problem solving knowledge when the domain theory of the learning system is inscrutable, i.e., not represented declaratively. We draw the following conclusions: First, although most of the algorithms and methods investigated in Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) literature assume declarative theories, at least in some domains, similar speedups can be achieved by simpler techniques that do not make this assumption. Second, learning with inscrutable theories blurs the distinction between “empirical― and “explanation-based― methods, both of which can be viewed as implementing some form of bias in their algorithms. Third, the utility problem is best addressed by implementing a bias that exploits the structure of the domain. We support our conclusions with experiments in the Eight Puzzle domain.
Common Questions About Wound Care

Lacerations, abrasions, burns, and puncture wounds are common in the outpatient setting. Because wounds can quickly become infected, the most important aspect of treating a minor wound is irrigation and cleaning. There is no evidence that antiseptic irrigation is superior to sterile saline or tap water. Occlusion of the wound is key to preventing contamination. Suturing, if required, can be completed up to 24 hours after the trauma occurs, depending on the wound site. Tissue adhesives are equally effective for low-tension wounds with linear edges that can be evenly approximated. Although patients are often instructed to keep their wounds covered and dry after suturing, they can get wet within the first 24 to 48 hours without increasing the risk of infection. There is no evidence that prophylactic antibiotics improve outcomes for most simple wounds. Tetanus toxoid should be administered as soon as possible to patients who have not received a booster in the past 10 years. Superficial mild wound infections can be treated with topical agents, whereas deeper mild and moderate infections should be treated with oral antibiotics. Most severe infections, and moderate infections in high-risk patients, require initial parenteral antibiotics. Severe burns and wounds that cover large areas of the body or involve the face, joints, bone, tendons, or nerves should generally be referred to wound care specialists.
A novel gold nanocomposite membrane with enhanced permeation, rejection and self-cleaning ability

Abstract The trade-off relationship between permeability, selectivity, and antifouling capability of nanocomposite membranes is the focal point of effective membrane technology. This study introduces a new gold nanocomposite membrane with enhanced antifouling behavior and permeability, as well as improved rejection capability for water treatment. Different (0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) concentrations of citrate-stabilized (coating) gold nanoparticles (CT-GNPs) having a core size of 50 nm were embedded into the polysulfone (PSF) membranes by the phase inversion method, resulting in alterations on PSF membrane performance. The intrinsic physicochemical properties and operational ability of all gold nanocomposite membranes were evaluated with regard to the self-cleaning, flux and selectivity criteria for water purification process. The PSF/0.5% GNPs demonstrated the optimal pore structure, morphology, and electrochemical surface properties among the gold nanocomposite and pure PSF membranes. The negative surface charge and the super hydrophilic functional group of CT-GNPs enhanced the permeation (at least three times in comparison with pure PSF membranes) and rejection ability of nanocomposite membranes. In addition, CT-GNPs showed digestive behavior towards humic acid (HA), a natural foulant, that significantly enhanced the antifouling ability (FRR = 95%) of the gold nanocomposite membranes by degrading the HA formed cake layer on the membrane surface and fragmenting the large HA aggregates that blocked the pores. The degradation of HA compounds by the embedded CT-GNPs occurred during the filtration process at room temperature and under the regular visible light. The stability of embedded GNPs into the polymeric matrix of membranes was evaluated at static and dynamic conditions for several days, and no release of CT-GNPs was observed.
Primera cita de la planaria terrestre cosmopolita Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) para la República Dominicana

The land planaria Bipalium kewense Moseley is recorded for the first time in the Dominican Republic.
The Deubiquitylase OTUB1 Mediates Ferroptosis via Stabilization of SLC7A11

Although cell-cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are established mechanisms of tumor suppression, accumulating evidence reveals that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, nonapoptotic form of cell death, represents a new regulatory pathway in suppressing tumor development. Ferroptosis is triggered by lipid peroxidation and is tightly regulated by SLC7A11, a key component of the cystine-glutamate antiporter. Although many studies demonstrate the importance of transcriptional regulation of SLC7A11 in ferroptotic responses, it remains largely unknown how the stability of SLC7A11 is controlled in human cancers. In this study, we utilized biochemial purification to identify the ubiquitin hydrolase OTUB1 as a key factor in modulating SLC7A11 stability. OTUB1 directly interacted with and stabilized SLC7A11; conversely, OTUB1 knockdown diminished SLC7A11 levels in cancer cells. OTUB1 was overexpressed in human cancers, and inactivation of OTUB1 destabilized SLC7A11 and led to growth suppression of tumor xenografts in mice, which was associated with reduced activation of ferroptosis. Notably, overexpression of the cancer stem cell marker CD44 enhanced the stability of SLC7A11 by promoting the interaction between SLC7A11 and OTUB1; depletion of CD44 partially abrogated this interaction. CD44 expression suppressed ferroptosis in cancer cells in an OTUB1-dependent manner. Together, these results show that OTUB1 plays an essential role in controlling the stability of SLC7A11 and the CD44-mediated effects on ferroptosis in human cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies OTUB1 as a key regulator of ferroptosis and implicates it as a potential target in cancer therapy.See related commentary by Gan, p. 1749.
Sagishi: an undercover software agent for infiltrating IoT botnets

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are continuously proliferating. In fact, by 2030, up to 125 billion devices will be connected to the Internet. 1 Directly related to the proliferation of IoT devices is the proliferation of IoT malware and, in particular, IoT botnets. Mapping and classifying bots forming part of IoT botnets and how these propagate over the Internet is a challenging task. Fooresec aimed to address this issue by footprinting, reporting and remotely securing IoT devices that had been previously turned into bots. 2 Its activities were based on honeypots that were able to ‘sense’ the Internet solely in order to map and classify IoT bots according to their behaviours.
Outcome-Weighted Learning for Personalized Medicine with Multiple Treatment Options

To achieve personalized medicine, an individualized treatment strategy assigning treatment based on an individual's characteristics that leads to the largest benefit can be considered. Recently, a machine learning approach, O-learning, has been proposed to estimate an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR), but it is developed to make binary decisions and thus limited to compare two treatments. When many treatment options are available, existing methods need to be adapted by transforming a multiple treatment selection problem into multiple binary treatment selections, for example, via one-vs-one or one-vs-all comparisons. However, combining multiple binary treatment selection rules into a single decision rule requires careful consideration, because it is known in the multicategory learning literature that some approaches may lead to ambiguous decision rules. In this work, we propose a novel and efficient method to generalize outcome-weighted learning for binary treatment to multi-treatment settings. We solve a multiple treatment selection problem via sequential weighted support vector machines. We prove that the resulting ITR is Fisher consistent and obtain the convergence rate of the estimated value function to the true optimal value, i.e., the estimated treatment rule leads to the maximal benefit when the data size goes to infinity. We conduct simulations to demonstrate that the proposed method has superior performance in terms of lower mis-allocation rates and improved expected values. An application to a three-arm randomized trial of major depressive disorder shows that an ITR tailored to individual patient's expectancy of treatment efficacy, their baseline depression severity and other characteristics reduces depressive symptoms more than non-personalized treatment strategies (e.g., treating all patients with combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy).
Predicting TBM utilization factor using discrete event simulation models

Abstract Improving the accuracy of models for tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance prediction and estimation of utilization factor is the focus of many ongoing studies in mechanized tunneling. Utilization factor is controlled by tunnel geology, rock mass condition, and size of the tunnel as well as tunneling activities such as maintenance, utility installation, transportation, surveying, unexpected breakdowns and miscellaneous downtimes. In this study, modeling tunneling activities and downtimes using discrete event simulation approach is used to predict TBM utilization factor and advance rate. Two mechanized tunneling projects were considered for the development of the model and verification of the results. A database was developed using Karaj Water tunnel project to generate the time distributions for various tunneling activities required as input for simulation model. Arena© software was used for the simulation of TBM operation in this project. The result of modeling was used to simulate Nowsood tunnel project for verification of the concept and discrete event simulation approach. The results showed a good correlation between the predicted TBM performance parameters and observed machine utilization. This exercise showed that the model is capable of predicting utilization factor based on available data for the ground conditions, operational settings, and tunneling activities.
Arthroscopic Treatment of a Low-Velocity Gunshot Injury to a Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Case An immunosuppressed 51-year-old man sustained a ballistic injury about the site of a primary total hip arthroplasty, which had been performed for osteonecrosis of the femoral head 2 years earlier. He was treated with arthroscopic debridement and irrigation, inspection of the implants, and removal of foreign bodies. Conclusion Ballistic injury to a hip arthroplasty site with retained foreign bodies is an unusual injury. Hip arthroscopy may represent a minimally invasive treatment option for implant inspection, joint debridement, and removal of intra-articular fragments while minimizing the risk of soft-tissue complications.
Tensor geometry: a language of brains & neurocomputers. Generalized coordinates in neuroscience & robotics

Neurocomputers are implementations of mathematical paradigms performed by real neuronal networks. Thus, it is essential for their construction that the mathematical language of brain function be made explicit. Based on the philosophy that the brain, as a product of natural evolution, is a geometrical object (not a machine that is a product of engineering), tensor geometry is used to describe multidimensional general (tensor) transformations of natural coordinates that are intrinsic to the organism. Such an approach uses a formalism that not only generalizes existing Cartesian vector-matrix paradigms, but can unite neuroscience with robotics: general frames include both Natural coordinate systems (found by quantitative computerized anatomy) and those simple artificial ones that are selected in engineering for convenience. Utilizations of the tensor approach center on natural and artificial sensorimotor operations, promoting a co-evolution of coordinated (and intelligent) robots with Nature’s systems such as adaptive cerebellar compensatory reflexes. Such sensorimotor-based strategy enables also a cross-fertilization; eg. employing neurocomputers to implement a coordination-algorithm of cerebellar-networks, to be used for functional neuromuscular stimulation of paraplegics.
Off-white, on-stage: Jewish self-representation at Chicago's 1933–1934 world's fair

Abstract World's fairs have attracted considerable geographical interest as sites where dominant ideologies are propounded and challenged, but the objectives of religious minority groups at such events remain relatively underexplored. In response, this article investigates the ways in which Jews used the 1933–1934 Chicago world's fair to advance their place in American society. In spite of an inauspicious social and political context, marked by virulent antisemitism at home and abroad, Jews enjoyed considerable autonomy to represent themselves as desired at this event, reflecting their growing albeit not unequivocal ‘whiteness’ in American society. With this opportunity, the Jewish exhibits and events successfully highlighted a unified Jewry's contributions to universal progress, interfaith collaboration and commitment to both the American nation and a future Jewish state. The fair thus enabled Jews to engage with identity questions among a broader public and stake a significant claim for their inclusion as acculturated rather than assimilated American citizens.
We Have Not Looked at Our Results Until We Have Displayed Them Effectively: a Comment on Robust Modeling in Cognitive Science

An astute reader will note that the title is a direct quote from Tukey’s seminal text Exploratory Data Analysis (p. 56, Tukey, 1977). In this book, Tukey lays out the foundation for leveraging visual tools to facilitate exploration and understanding of data and statistical models of data. As cognitive science moves toward establishing robust practices for modeling, building on the foundational recommendations by Lee et al. (Computational Brain and Behavior, 2019), I argue that we must make visualization one of our cornerstones.
O sucesso do inacabado: Clarice Lispector e sua “Children’s Corner” na revista Senhor

In 1959, when the sophisticated magazine Senhor was launched in Rio de Janeiro, the renowned writer Clarice Lispector was invited to join this new publishing venture targeted at educated upper-class men. As a separated woman in need of an income to support herself and her two children, Lispector accepted the offer, regularly contributing with chronicles/stories, and starting at the end of 1961 a column that she named “Children's Corner” in the section “Sr. & Cia.” These contributions are fragmentary, exploratory, somewhat hinting at failure. This article reads Lispestor’s texts for Senhor as interventions that enact a rupture in a narrative of growth, progress, and development geared towards a heteroreproductive future. As it unsettles this ideology, Lispector’s “Children’s Corner” also stages new modes of relationality that defy the ideas of human exceptionalism and human mastery over matter and nature.
Development of Dissipative Particle Dynamics framework for modeling hydrogels with degradable bonds

Controlled degradation of hydrogels enables several applications of these materials, including controlled drug and cell release applications and directed growth of neural networks. These applications motivate the need of a simulation framework for modeling controlled degradation in hydrogels. We develop a Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) framework for hydrogel degradation. As a model hydrogel, we prepare a network formed by end-linking tetra-arm polyethylene glycol precursors. We model bond breaking during degradation of this hydrogel as a stochastic process. The fraction of degradable bonds follows first order degradation kinetics. We characterize the rate of mass loss during degradation process.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and disseminated intravascular coagulation: A case report

28-year-old G1P0 at 33 weeks gestation presented with abdominal pain, elevated blood pressures and worsening edema. Laboratory workup revealed abnormal transaminases and hypofibrinogenemia. Diagnoses of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) were made and out of concern for placental abruption, an emergency cesarean section was planned. Preoperatively, cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) were administered. Cesarean delivery was performed under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, her course was complicated by ongoing metabolic derangements and acute liver failure. She was transferred to a liver transplant facility and remained hospitalized for several months with gradual clinical improvement.
Fungi Involved in the Biodeterioration and Bioconversion of Lignocellulose Substrates

Basidiomycota species that cause “brown rot” or “white rot” of wood are the primary organisms involved in depolymerization of the two most abundant polymeric materials on earth: cellulose and lignin. Ascomycota species are also involved in the deconstruction of wood, and although less ubiquitous compared to the Basidiomycota decays, these Ascomycota species cause a “soft rot” decay of wood that is important in some environments. Wood decay fungi are important from the standpoint of cycling and sequestration of recalcitrant lignocellulose carbon, and from an economic standpoint, they also cause significant destruction of the built environment. This chapter will review these decay fungi but also will overview Ascomycota molds and staining (stain) fungi that live on the surface or attack parenchyma of harvested wood and that typically do not cause decay or structural deterioration of timber. Over the last 70 years, several genera and species of fungi discussed in this chapter, and the extracellular enzymes and metabolic systems from these fungi, have been examined for potential applications in industrial processing, particularly in biorefinery applications.
Uncertainties in the parameterization of cloud microphysics: An illustration of the problem

Abstract Bulk microphysical parameterization schemes are used in numerical weather prediction models to simulate clouds and precipitation. Various schemes differ not only in the size and number distribution functions of hydrometeor particles, but also in the different physical property assumptions of frozen hydrometeor particles. In addition, the physical process parameterizations for hydrometeor production and conversion are also formulated differently. These differences, to a great degree, represent large uncertainties in the observations and quantification of the very physical processes responsible for the formation and evolution of hydrometeor particles. In this chapter, we will first review where these uncertainties lie. Then, numerical simulation results are used to illustrate these uncertainties and the challenges in reducing them.
Association of Metformin With Volumetric Tumor Growth of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas.

OBJECTIVE Recent research demonstrates a potential association between metformin use and reduced sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth in patients undergoing conservative observation. The current study was designed to elucidate the effect of metformin on tumor growth in sporadic VS using volumetric analyses. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Patients with sporadic VS who elected initial conservative treatment with at least two serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were included. INTERVENTIONS Metformin use among patients with observed sporadic VS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tumor growth, defined as an increase in volume of at least 20% from the initial MRI. RESULTS A total of 361 patients were evaluated. Thirty-four patients (9%) had a diagnosis of diabetes at baseline. Nineteen patients (5%) were taking metformin at the time of the initial MRI. Metformin use was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of volumetric tumor growth in a univariable analysis in all patients undergoing observation for VS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.40-1.42; p = 0.38) or within the diabetic subset (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.34-1.83; p = 0.58). Additionally, diabetes status, insulin dependence, hemoglobin A1c value, and metformin dose were not significantly associated with volumetric tumor growth. CONCLUSION Despite promising initial results in several previous studies, our data suggest that metformin use does not significantly reduce the risk of volumetric tumor growth in sporadic VS.
Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40-79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03-1.11) and 1.13 (1.05-1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.
Self-Injection Locked Oscillation of Multi-Mode Laser in Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon Photonics

High stability opto-electronic oscillators (OEO) are attained using self-forced oscillation techniques using long optical delays. A fully integrated solution using Si photonics (SiP) are more environmentally stable and amenable to large volume manufacturing. Free-running InP based multi-mode laser diodes with free-spectral range (FSR) of 11.7 GHz is stabilized using self-optical injection-locked (SOIL) and self-electrical injection-locked (SEIL) approaches; free-running OEO phase noise of-52 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset was improved by 13 dB and 17 dB using optical delay of 5 µs for SOIL and SEIL approaches, respectively. Calculated timing jitter of SEIL based OEO is reduced from 23.7 ps for 500 ns optical delays to 1.2 ps for 25 µs. A heterogeneously integrated MML combined with SEIL function is designed on an approximately 5 cm × 10 cm SiP chip using 325 ns time delay, which is realizable by an order 50 of cascaded add-drop filter (ADF) resonators.
Clonidine inhibits postprandial response of antral myoelectrical activity.

Clonidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, is known to inhibit gastric motility and delay gastric emptying in both humans and animals, but its effect on gastric myoelectric activity is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clonidine on postprandial gastric myoelectric activity. The experiment was performed in eight hound dogs (14.5–22.6 kg) implanted with three pairs of bipolar serosal electrodes with an interval of 4 cm and the most distal pair 2 cm above the pylorus. Each dog was studied twice on two separate days after a complete recovery from surgery. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded for 30 min in the fasting state and 90 min after a solid test meal of 838 kcal. Two tablets of clonidine (0.4 mg) were given with the meal in one of the sessions. The dominant frequency and power of the slow waves from the most distal pair were calculated by computerized spectral analysis. All data were expressed as mean ± se. A significant postprandial increase in the dominant power of the slow wave and an increase in the percentages of gastric slow waves with spike bursts were observed in the control session, whereas the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves showed a significant postprandial decrease after the meal. The dominant power increased 8.24 ± 0.5, 8.6 ± 0.2, and 7.5 ± 0.3 dB, respectively, in the first, and second, and third 30-min period after the meal (all P 0.05 vs baseline; P 0.05 vs baseline; P 0.05 vs baseline; P 0.05). In conclusion, the postprandial response of gastric myoelectrical activity in dogs to a solid meal is featured with an increase in amplitude and spike bursts, which is inhibited by clonidine.
Scandentia (Tree Shrews)

Tree shrews constitute an order of placental mammals known as Scandentia, represented by about 18 living species native to southern and southeastern Asia. Roughly similar in appearance to squirrels, tree shrews are scansorial omnivores that are equally adept on the ground and in the trees. Although tree shrews have often been considered the nearest living relatives of primates, this distinction may belong to dermopterans instead. Keywords: scansorial climbing; phylogeny
Automated composite depth scale construction and estimates of sediment core extension

[1] A composite section, which reconstructs a continuous stratigraphic record from cores of multiple nearby holes, and its associated composite depth scale are important tools for analyzing sediment recovered from a drilling site. However, the standard technique for creating composite depth scales on drilling cruises does not correct for depth distortion within each core. Additionally, the splicing technique used to create composite sections often results in a 10–15% offset between composite depths and measured drill depths. We present a new automated compositing technique that better aligns stratigraphy across holes, corrects depth offsets, and could be performed aboard ship. By analyzing 618 cores from seven Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites, we estimate that ∼80% of the depth offset in traditional composite depth scales results from core extension during drilling and extraction. Average rates of extension are 12.4 ± 1.5% for calcareous and siliceous cores from ODP Leg 138 and 8.1 ± 1.1% for calcareous and clay-rich cores from ODP Leg 154. Also, average extension decreases as a function of depth in the sediment column, suggesting that elastic rebound is not the dominant extension mechanism.
Geosensor Data Abstraction for Environmental Monitoring Application

Environmental observation applications are designed for monitoring phenomena using heterogeneous sensor data types and for providing derived and often integrated information. To effectively handle such a large variety of different sensors, both in scale and type and data volume, we propose a geosensor abstraction for large-scale geosensor networks. Our SGSA(Slope Grid for Sensor Data Abstraction) represents collected data in single grid-based layers, and allows for summarizing the measured data in various integrated grid layers. Within each cell, a slope vector is used to represents the trend of the observed sensor data. This slope is used as a simplifying factor for processing queries over several sensor types. To handle dynamic sensor data, the proposed abstraction model also supports rapid data update by using a mapping table. This model can be utilized as a data representation model in various geosensor network applications.
Analog optical fiber transmission systems: A comparison with digital systems

We show that the distinct requirements of analog and digital signals push their respective optical fiber communication systems into very different parameter spaces. We summarize the signal requirements, system designs, and the paths of technical advancement.
A Simple Adaptive Enhancer of Voltage Stability for Generator Excitation Control

This paper presents a simple adaptive devise for robust stability of power systems in the presence of time-varying parameters. Power systems are complex control systems with uncertain and time-varying parameters. For a first introduction of the idea we use a simplified generator excitation control system. Due to uncertain time-varying loads and parameters, fixed controllers may result in poor behavior or even total divergence. This paper is motivated by the properties of a particular simplified adaptive control procedure (SAC) to maintain the desired performance over large ranges of realistic operational and environmental conditions, and guarantee global stability of the nonlinear adaptive control system. The safety device measures the difference between the desired reference voltage and the actual voltage and interferes only if this difference is remarkable. This way, the power system is almost unaffected during regular times and strongly supported during difficult times. Simulation of difficult situations illustrate the power of the nonlinear adaptive device.
Carcinoma of the cervix in Jewish women

Abstract 1. 1. Of 323 patients with carcinoma of the cervix seen at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, from 1928 to 1948, there were 80 Jewish women. Eight of these patients had carcinoma of the cervical stump following subtotal hysterectomy. 2. 2. Carcinoma of the cervix in Jewish women, although not common, is not a rare lesion. Carcinoma of the cervix occurs about five times as frequently in the non-Jewish as in the Jewish woman.
Using a Grocery List Is Associated With a Healthier Diet and Lower BMI Among Very High-Risk Adults

Abstract Objective Examine whether use of a grocery list is associated with healthier diet and weight among food desert residents. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of in-person interview data from randomly selected household food shoppers in 2 low-income, primarily African American urban neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA with limited access to healthy foods. Results Multivariate ordinary least-square regressions conducted among 1,372 participants and controlling for sociodemographic factors and other potential confounding variables indicated that although most of the sample (78%) was overweight or obese, consistently using a list was associated with lower body mass index (based on measured height and weight) (adjusted multivariant coefficient=0.095) and higher dietary quality (based on the Healthy Eating Index–2005) (adjusted multivariant coefficient=0.103) ( P Conclusions and Implications Shopping with a list may be a useful tool for low-income individuals to improve diet or decrease body mass index.
Low temperature SER and noise in a high speed DRAM

The soft error rate (SER) and power bus noise were measured for a high-speed 512 kb CMOS DRAM (dynamic random access memory) operated at liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The SER decreased by about 3-20 times, depending upon cycle time and data type, and the power bus noise increased, but only modestly, at low temperature. These results show that the noise and SER do not preclude high-speed cryogenic DRAM operation. Compensation of increased inductive noise by decreased resistive noise is found to be a significant advantage in obtaining speed improvement by temperature reduction, rather than by room-temperature circuit and device techniques. >
Análisis de los comentarios de lectores en dos diarios digitales internacionales sobre los efectos no deseados de una campaña chilena de violencia doméstica

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de efectos no deseados para la campana de violencia domestica titulada “Maricon es el que maltrata a una mujer”, efectuada por el Gobierno de Chile entre el 28 de octubre y el 25 de noviembre de 2010. El proposito de este estudio es doble: por una parte, analiza comentarios de lectores en dos diarios internacionales online, en Reino Unido y Colombia; y, por el otro, evalua el impacto de esta campana, considerando la tipologia de efectos no deseados de Cho y Salmon (2007). Aunque los resultados de esta campana no fueron favorables, esta iniciativa causo controversia por el uso del termino “maricon”. Los efectos no deseados deben ser considerados para el logro de una campana efectiva que contribuya a prevenir la violencia que afecte la salud de la mujer.
PPARγ, 10 years later

It is now over 10 years since the discovery of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and its unique role in adipogenesis. The subsequent identification of PPAR gamma as the target of insulin sensitizing drugs certified this ligand-regulated transcription factor as an exciting link between adipocyte biology and peripheral insulin resistance. Here, I summarize the great progress that has been made over the past decade in elucidating the biology of PPAR gamma and its role in adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Prospects for future research leading to new therapies for obesity and diabetes are also discussed.
Patterns of Comprehension and Production of Nouns and Verbs in Agrammatism: Implications for Lexical Organization☆

This study examined the relationship between verb retrieval and verb-argument-structure properties in seven agrammatic aphasic patients using tasks requiring access to the verb's lexicon for both comprehension- and productionlike processes. Results showed intact comprehension of both nouns and verbs and noun naming, but impaired naming of verbs. Subjects also demonstrated near-normal performance on a grammaticality judgment task involving verb-argument-structure violations but were impaired in categorizing verbs by type (based on number of obligatory arguments). In both naming and categorization conditions, a hierarchy of verb difficulty emerged. Subjects were more accurate in naming/categorizing one-place verbs than two-place verbs and more accurate in naming/categorizing two-place verbs than three-place verbs. The pattern of selective impairment in lexical access/retrieval supports the hypothesis that one dimension of normal lexical organization is by form class. The results also suggest that no necessary relationship exists between production difficulties and comprehension of nouns/verbs in agrammatism. Further, the performance pattern noted supports the claim that verb-argument-structure properties, an important component of the verb lexicon, influence verb production at the single-word and at the sentence level. Subjects' performance on different tasks suggests that the locus of breakdown in the verb-retrieval processes for productionlike tasks may be in accessing information at the lemma level of representation as per Bock's model (1995) of sentence production.
Atomistic simulations of the effect of Coulombic interactions on carrier fluctuations in doped silicon

Carrier distributions associated with point charges in silicon are calculated via the quantum perturbation method and used to determine Coulombic interactions between charged defects in the presence of carrier screening. The resulting interactions are used in kinetic lattice Monte Carlo simulations of defect-mediated diffusion to study dopant redistribution and associated variations in carrier concentration. Over a broad range of doping concentrations, Coulombic repulsion between like dopants leads to ordering, resulting in a more uniform electrical potential distribution (and therefore reduced threshold voltage variations) compared with random doping, the standard condition assumed in previous doping fluctuation analyses.
Delayed Diagnosis of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient with Schizophrenia

Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also known as prion diseases, are caused by abnormal folding of normal prion proteins in the brain. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD), the most common prion disease, occurs at an annual rate of one in 1 million and often leads to a fatal outcome within a year. The mean age of onset is 55 to 75 years old. sCJD is a cause of rapidly progressive dementia but because of its rarity, may not be on the differential diagnosis in its earlier stages of manifestation, particularly if a patient lacks other neurological symptoms. Patients with sCJD often present with early cognitive and psychiatric manifestations, such as memory loss, irritability, depression, ataxia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and in rarer instances, psychosis. Later symptoms include myoclonus, cortical blindness, seizures, and in its final stage, akinetic mutism. We report a patient ultimately found to have sCJD whose presentation was initially mistaken for an exacerbation of his chronic schizophrenia, delaying his diagnosis.
Coastal Upwelling in the California Current System

Abstract Coastal upwelling in the California Current system has been the subject of large scale studies off California and Baja California, and of small scale studies off Oregon. Recent studies of the winds along the entire coast from 25°N to 50°N indicate that there are significant along-shore variations in the strength of coastal upwelling, which are reflected in the observed temperature distribution. Active upwelling appears to be restricted to a narrow coastal band (about 10–25 km wide) along the entire coast, but the region influenced by coastal upwelling may be much wider. Intensive observations of the upwelling zone during summer off Oregon show the presence of a southward coastal jet at the surface, a mean vertical shear, a poleward undercurrent along the bottom, and persistently sloping isopycnals over the continental shelf; most of the upwelling there occurs during relatively short periods (several days long) of upwelling-favorable winds. During the upwelling season off Oregon, the offshore Ekman transport is carried by the surface Ekman layer, and the onshore return flow occurs through a quasi-geostrophic interior. It is not known whether the structure and dynamics observed off Oregon are typical of the upwelling zone along the entire coast, though some of the same features have been observed off Baja California. Current and future research will eventually show whether the Oregon results are also applicable in the region of persistently strong upwelling-favorable winds off northern California, and in the region of complex bathymetry off central and southern California.
Cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin: analysis of accurate equilibrium binding data.

Accurate equilibrium binding data for the oxygenation of hemoglobin are used (a) to show that various models for cooperativity are inconsistent with the best available experimental data, (b) to determine the equilibrium constants for binding of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to hemoglobin molecules in intermediate stages of oxygenation, and (c) to deduce a mechanism for allosteric effects in hemoglobin which is consistent with the best available experimental data. The total free energy of cooperativity is defined and discussed.
Effects of FPL 64176 on Ca transients in voltage-clamped rat venticular myocytes

1. The L-type Ca channel agonist FPL 64176 increased the amplitude of both Ca currents and Ca transients elicited from isolated voltage clamped rat ventricular myocytes far more than it increased the rate of rise of the Ca transients. Consequently, the gain function relating the amplitude of peak Ca current to Ca transient rate of rise was greatly reduced at all potentials. 2. Furthermore, an increase in this gain function normally observed at negative potentials is abolished by FPL 64716. 3. Despite slowing the rate of decline of Ca transients, FPL 64176, at the concentration of 1 microM used throughout, had no direct effect on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca uptake or release using isolated cardiac membranes. 4. Arguments based on results presented here and elsewhere suggest that decreased gain was not due to increased ryanodine receptor adaptation or inactivation, to decreased L-type single channel current, to decreased SR Ca content, or to decreased synchronization of release. Decreased gain instead appears to reflect a form of decrease in coupling efficiency due either to differential effects of long openings on whole cell currents as opposed to the Ca release the long openings trigger or to some compensatory mechanism activated by the increased Ca trigger or resting free [Ca(2+)](i). 5. Abolition by FPL 64176 of the increased gain normally seen at negative potentials rendered it impossible to confirm or refute the claim that a single Ca ion suffices to activate ryanodine receptors.
Weibull extension of bivariate exponential regression model with different frailty distributions

We propose bivariate Weibull regression model with frailty in which dependence is generated by a gamma or positive stable or power variance function distribution. We assume that the bivariate survival data follows bivariate Weibull of Hanagal (Econ Qual Control 19:83–90, 2004; Econ Qual Control 20:143–150, 2005a; Stat Pap 47:137–148, 2006a; Stat Methods, 2006b). There are some interesting situations like survival times in genetic epidemiology, dental implants of patients and twin births (both monozygotic and dizygotic) where genetic behavior (which is unknown and random) of patients follows known frailty distribution. These are the situations which motivate to study this particular model.
Innovations in Early Childhood Teacher Education: Reflections on Practice

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the instruction in a teacher education science content course that applied the theories that underlie cognitive constructivism. The methods used aimed t...
Compliant Silver Nanowire‐Polymer Composite Electrodes for Bistable Large Strain Actuation

A new compliant electrode-based on silver nanowire-polymer composite has been developed. The composite electrode has low sheet resistance (as low as 10 Ω/sq), remains conductive (10(2) -10(3) Ω/sq) at strains as high as 140%, and can support Joule heating. The combination of the composite and a bistable electroactive polymer produces electrically-induced, large-strain actuation and relaxation, reversibly without the need of mechanical programming.
The Meaning of Freedom in the Age of Emancipation

Today is an exciting and troubling time for American historians. Rarely has the study and teaching of the nation's past aroused such heated public debate. We in the academic world should welcome this intense scrutiny, even as we deplore the oversimplifications of both history and politics in magazine features and instant best sellers decrying "political correctness," "multiculturalism," and the "new history." These debates helped provide the focus for the presidential addresses of my two distinguished predecessors. They reflect the enormous changes that have swept over the study of history in the past generation -changes familiar to everyone in this audience. Increased attention to the experience of previously neglected groups, such as women and members of racial minorities, and to previously neglected subjects, such as the subfields of social history, as well as new methodologies borrowed from other disciplines such as anthropology and literary theory, have transformed our understanding of the American past. They have also, some complain, sacrificed a coherent sense of what has unified our nation. I respond to these admonitions with mixed feelings. On the one hand, it seems irrefutable that the new history paints a far more inclusive, nuanced, and accurate portrait of the American experience. I do not regret the demise of older generalizations that claimed to distill the essence of the American saga, even as they reflected the history of only a single part of the American people. On the other hand, I myself have written of the desirability of moving beyond a portrait of the United States as a collection of fractious racial, ethnic, and sexual groups, to an appreciation of the common themes that give coherence to the nation's past.'