cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The specter of Fanon: the student movements and the rationality of revolt in South Africa*

ABSTRACTThe largest student revolt since Soweto 1976, the student movements of 2015, were historic, challenging the lack of serious reform in the university systems and bringing to the fore the question of decolonization. Named ‘the Fanonian moment,’ it was the latest expression of the disillusion of rainbow politics. Marked by the Marikana massacre and the death of Nelson Mandela, Fanon’s name is almost as popular as Steve Biko’s and his name is often referenced in newspaper articles. While Fanon’s critique of post-apartheid has been well rehearsed in South Africa, this paper considers ‘the Fanonian Moment’ and the current popularity of Fanon as well as Steve Biko’s idea of Black consciousness as critical elements of decolonial liberation. With a focus on the student movements, the paper suggests that Fanon’s thought, and his notion of the rationality of revolt, is especially alive in intentional spaces where decolonization and liberation are linked with everyday questions of movement democracy and organ...
Altered Nocifensive Behavior in Animal Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of the Nicotinic Cholinergic System.

Caretakers and clinicians alike have long recognized that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can have altered sensory processing, which can contribute to its core symptoms. However, the pathobiology of sensory alterations in ASD is poorly understood. Here we examined nocifensive behavior in ASD mouse models, the BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) and the fragile-X mental retardation-1 knockout (Fmr1-KO) mice. We also examined the effects of nicotine on nocifensive behavior given that nicotine, a nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist that has antinociceptive effects, was shown to improve social deficits and decrease repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice. Compared to respective controls, both BTBR and Fmr1-KO had hyporesponsiveness to noxious thermal stimuli and electrical stimulation of C-sensory fibers, normal responsiveness to electrical stimulation of Aβ- and Aδ-fiber, and hyperresponsiveness to visceral pain after acetic acid intraperitoneal injection. In BTBR, nicotine at lower doses increased, whereas at higher doses, it decreased hotplate latency compared to vehicle. In a significantly different effect pattern, in control mice, nicotine had antinociceptive effects to noxious heat only at the high dose. Interestingly, these nocifensive behavior alterations and differential responses to nicotine antinociceptive effects in BTBR mice were associated with significant downregulation of α3, α4, α5, α7, β2, β3, and β4 nAChR subunits in several cerebral regions both, during embryonic development and adulthood. Taken together, these findings further implicate nAChRs in behaviors alterations in the BTBR model and lend support to the hypothesis that nAChRs may be a target for treatment of behavior deficits and sensory dysfunction in ASD.
Crying Over Spilled Water: Rethinking Prior Appropriation Rights and the Meaning of Agricultural Efficiency

As the drought in Western states worsens, the agricultural sector is being criticized for failing to adopt technical responses, such as shifting to less water-demanding crops and state-of-the-art irrigation systems, in a timely manner. However, these responses can have the reverse effect: they can increase water consumption. Technological responses alone are insufficient to reduce water consumption if unaccompanied by changes in how the law defines and allocates water rights. This paper proposes a redefinition of water rights to ensure that changes in crops or irrigation techniques are socially efficient. In the West, which uses the doctrine of prior appropriation to allocate water, rights are largely measured based on how much water is diverted from streams. As a consequence, technological responses only redistribute — not reduce — the total amount of water being consumed. Such redistribution is not necessarily systemically efficient. Take, for instance, a farmer who substitutes drip irrigation for furrow irrigation. While intended to reduce water use, drip irrigation results in more water being consumed by crops than traditional furrow irrigation, which returns unused water back to the stream. Farmers are reluctant to reduce diversion, since doing so would risk partially forfeiting their water rights. As a result, drip irrigation sharply reduces the return flow available for downstream users and the environment. Downstream water users may no longer be able to produce crops and the environment may be harmed if consumption upstream increases. This rebound effect from adopting technically efficient systems has not been adequately addressed in water law while it has been accounted for in energy policies. The Supreme Court case Montana v. Wyoming is used to illustrate this point. This article advances a legal framework for ensuring that technical responses to drought accomplish the stated goal of reducing agricultural water use without harming third parties. In particular, it proposes prior consumption as an additional measure of water rights in prior appropriation regimes. Consumption more accurately reflects the true social cost of agricultural water use. This would prevent farmers from taking advantage of technical responses to increase their water use and would protect downstream users and the environment. In addition, water markets would benefit, since water rights would be better defined and the review process of water market transactions would be streamlined. The proposal is consistent with the underlying principles of prior appropriation, and the article explains why such a change would survive a potential takings challenge.
Daylight operation of a sodium laser guide star for adaptive optics wavefront sensing

We report contrast measurements of a sodium resonance guide star against the daylight sky when observed through a tuned magneto-optical filter (MOF). The guide star was created by projection of a laser beam at 589.16 nm into the mesospheric sodium layer and the observations were made with a collocated 1.5-m telescope. While MOFs are used with sodium light detecting and ranging systems during the day to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements, they have not so far been employed with laser guide stars to drive adaptive optics (AO) systems to correct atmospherically induced image blur. We interpret our results in terms of the performance of AO systems for astronomy, with particular emphasis on thermal infrared observations at the next generation of extremely large telescopes now being built.
TNFα regulates HIF-1α transcriptional activity via NFκB pathway in HEK 293 cells

C176 The transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a vital role in the transcription of genes related to erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, angiogenesis (primarily VEGF) and cell survival. Studies show that HIF-1α expression increases as cancer advances and its expression can be regulated by cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), an inflammatory cytokine, plays a key role equally in tissue destruction and tissue healing from damage, thus is both pro- and anti- cancer. TNF-α has been linked to regulation of HIF-1α protein and tumor angiogenesis but the cellular mechanisms involved are yet to be identified. TNFα acts primarily through the activation of the NFκB pathway. We hypothesize that TNFα dose dependently regulates HIF-1α transcriptional activity through the induction of the NFκB pathway and NFκB interferes with HIF-1α DNA binding on the VEGF promoter site, thus regulating angiogenesis. We used HEK 293 cells and performed a dose response study with varying time points using TNFα and made nuclear extracts to study HIF-1α protein levels though immunoblotting. We observed that TNFα does not affect HIF-1α protein levels even at doses as high as 500 ng/ml in either normoxia or hypoxia. TNFα decreased the protein levels of pAKT and pGSK3, key players of the PI3K/AKT pathway, in both normoxia and hypoxia. We further studied the HIF-1α transcriptional activity by performing luciferase assays using an HRE luciferase construct. Interestingly, we observed that 10 ng/ml of TNFα decreased HIF-1α transcriptional activity by 25% in hypoxia and did not affect HIF-1α transcriptional activity in normoxia. Because TNFα acts primarily through the NFκB pathway we transfected HEK 293 cells with IKKα dominant negative plasmid to inhibit NFκB in vitro. Introduction of IKKα dominant negative plasmid blocked TNFα inhibitory activity on hypoxic HIF-1α transcriptional activity and also surprisingly increased hypoxic HIF-1α transcriptional activity in the presence of TNFα as compared to the transfection control. Immunoblot analysis of HIF-1α protein levels in presence of IKKα dominant negative plasmid show a slight increase in both normoxia and hypoxia, but the pAKT and pGSK3 levels did not change. We conclude that TNFα inhibits HIF-1α transcriptional activity through the activation of the NFκB pathway. We also propose that the PI3K/AKT pathway is downstream of NFκB pathway. Further experimentation is required to understand the precise role of TNFα and the NFκB pathway in affecting angiogenesis.
Carotenoids: Health Effects

Carotenoids are a group of phytochemicals assumed to be important for optimal health. Hundreds of carotenoids are present in nature and a few circulate in humans. Specific carotenoids are localized in different tissues, for example, lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye. Epidemiologic and clinical studies suggest that carotenoid consumption is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and eye disease. However, intervention trials with pharmacological doses of β -carotene have observed either no effect or harmful effects on lung cancer risk among smokers, suggesting that diets high in fruit and vegetables are important for optimal health, and carotenoids are biomarkers. Noninvasive ways to assess carotenoid status will be important for population-based studies.
Effects of acute alcohol and driving complexity in older and younger adults

Our previous work demonstrated differential neurobehavioral effects of low-dose alcohol consumption on older and younger adults in a driving simulator. However, the ability to enhance or suppress a response in such context has yet to be examined. The current study contrasted older and younger drivers’ responses to specific stimuli (i.e., relevant, irrelevant) in scenarios of differing complexity following low-dose acute alcohol administration. Healthy older (55–70) and younger (25–35) adults completed two driving scenarios (i.e., country and metropolis) both before and after consuming beverages targeted to reach peak BrACs of 0.00, 0.04, or 0.065%. Throughout the simulation, participants encountered relevant stimuli (e.g., pedestrians walking into the street) and irrelevant stimuli (e.g., pedestrians walking parallel). Peak deceleration, range of steering, and distance until brake application were assessed within a 450-ft window preceding each stimulus. Following low-dose alcohol consumption, older adults shifted from a strategy using both deceleration and steering to relying solely on deceleration in responding to relevant stimuli in the country. Older adults under both low and moderate alcohol conditions displayed an inability to withhold responses to irrelevant stimuli in the metropolis. These findings are consistent with our prior work showing differential effects of low-dose alcohol on older, relative to younger, adults. The interactive effects of age and alcohol, however, depend on stimulus type and environmental complexity. Continued investigation of neurobehavioral mechanisms in ecologically valid paradigms is necessary for understanding the implications of the combined impairing effects of alcohol and older age.
A smart campus internet of things framework

Smart cities and communities (S&CC) are experiencing transformational change across the nation and globally with the proliferation deployment of Internet of Things (IoT). Smart campus is an important part of S&CC. We built a smart campus IoT framework to address functionality, energy consumption, security and safety in a user-centric perspective. To achieve these, machine learning algorithms are employed in the hardware-software co-design process. During experiment, we focused on energy consumption management using support vector machine to learn the classroom schedule, so that the system can respond to dynamic change of the schedules. The experimental results show that our proposed framework can recognize the classroom regular events and irregular events with high accuracy.
The Control of Methane and VOC Emissions from Oil and Gas Operations in the Western United States

This article discusses the regulation of hydrocarbon emissions, including the emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the oil and gas industry in the western United States. It covers the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Land Management, and other Federal agencies. It also discusses the state laws of the major oil and gas producing western states: California, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. It covers operations on public, state, and private lands, but it does not cover oil and gas operations on Indian lands that are the subject of the author’s previous article.
An intrinsic velocity–curvature–acceleration relationship for weakly unstable gaseous detonations

Abstract The shock motion of calculated weakly unstable cellular detonation was analyzed using concepts from velocity-curvature theory to develop new insight into the underlying physical mechanisms driving the cellular instability. The cellular cycle was shown to follow a surface in a three-dimensional coordinate system composed of the local shock velocity, curvature, and acceleration. Wavelets of the detonation shock were found to follow a velocity-curvature trajectory that was characteristic of an initially reactive wave that decays in time to a decoupled blast wave. Near the Mach stem, these trajectories were only modulated by the strength of the Mach stem at the time the wavelet was generated, indicating that the small reaction zone present in this region is the dominant factor driving the flow. Away from the Mach stem, all wavelet trajectories collapsed to a common curve in velocity-curvature space that was consistent with motion of a decaying blast wave. For the mixture studied, the apparent adherence of shock motion to a unique surface in velocity-curvature-acceleration space indicates the possible existence of an intrinsic mixture-specific relationship for cellular gaseous detonation. This relationship and analysis methodology also provides a mechanism for quantification of the shock velocity and shape fluctuations present in cellular detonation, which may provide utility for modeling detonation engineering applications such as rotating detonation engine design.
Immersionsrefraktometrie an lebenden Zellen mit der Brechzahlgradientenmethode

Zur immersionsrefraktometrischen Bestimmung der mittleren Brechzahl des Cytoplasmas von Gewebekulturzellen wird der in Frage kommende Brechzahlbereich uber einen Brechzahlgradienten des Mediums kontinuierlich und definiert durchlaufen. Bei Grenzdunkelfeldbeleuchtung im Mikroskop wird die Beugungslichtintensitat, die der Brechzahldifferenz zwischen Medium und Objekt proportional ist, mikroskopphotometrisch gemessen. Sie durchlauft bei Brechzahlgleichzeit ein Minimum. Es werden die mathematischen Bedingungen angegeben, unter denen es die Gradientenmethode gleichzeitig gestattet, den osmotischen Druck des Immersionsmediums aufrechtzuerhalten und damit Isotonie fur die Zellen zu gewahrleisten.
Resolving the Taxonomic Identity of Prunus maritima VAR. Gravesii (Rosaceae) Through Genotyping Analyses Using Microsatellite Loci

Abstract Graves' Beach Plum (Prunus maritima var. gravesii) has been notable for its unique morphological form since a single individual was first discovered on Esker Point in Groton, Connecticut and formally described in 1897. This original clone is now extinct in the wild and is presently kept in cultivation on the University of Connecticut campus, with no additional wild plants discovered in 120 years. It was distinguished morphologically based primarily on its distinctive orbicular leaves, which differ from the ovate leaves found in P. maritima var. maritima. Prior studies have shown few morphological differences between P. maritima var. gravesii and P. maritima var. maritima and full reproductive compatibility has been experimentally observed between the two taxa. However, the few unique characteristics of P. maritima var. gravesii merit further investigation to determine if it has unique molecular differences relative to var. maritima that might lead to the prioritization of conservation and possibl...
Abolishing Ius Sanguinis Citizenship: A Proposal Too Restrained and Too Radical

Costica Dumbrava maintains that ius sanguinis citizenship is a historically tainted, outmoded, and unnecessary means of designating political membership. He argues that it is time to abandon it. Dumbrava limits his challenge to ius sanguinis citizenship per se, and even suggests that family-based migration rights could be used to minimise the disruptive effect of abolishing citizenship-by-descent. But his core complaints about ius sanguinis citizenship – the mismatch of biological parentage and political affinity, the difficulties of determining legal parentage – can be, and have been, levied against these various family-based preferences and statuses, which are likely found in every nation’s nationality laws. It is therefore important to consider his proposal in light of the role that the parent-child relationship plays in the regulation of migration, naturalisation, and citizenship more generally. I also argue that, as a remedy for the problems that he has identified, Dumbrava’s proposal is at once too restrained and too radical.
Physician Perceptions of the Electronic Problem List in Pediatric Trauma Care.

Objective To describe physician perceptions of the potential goals, characteristics, and content of the electronic problem list (PL) in pediatric trauma. Methods We conducted 12 semistructured interviews with physicians involved in the pediatric trauma care process, including residents, fellows, and attendings from four services: emergency medicine, surgery, anesthesia, and pediatric critical care. Using qualitative content analysis, we identified PL goals, characteristics, and patient-related information from these interviews and the hospital's PL etiquette document of guideline. Results We identified five goals of the PL (to document the patient's problems, to make sense of the patient's problems, to make decisions about the care plan, to know who is involved in the patient's care, and to communicate with others), seven characteristics of the PL (completeness, efficiency, accessibility, multiple users, organized, created before arrival, and representing uncertainty), and 22 patient-related information elements (e.g., injuries, vitals). Physicians' suggested criteria for a PL varied across services with respect to goals, characteristics, and patient-related information. Conclusion Physicians involved in pediatric trauma care described the electronic PL as ideally more than a list of a patient's medical diagnoses and injuries. The information elements mentioned are typically found in other parts of the patient's electronic record besides the PL, such as past medical history and labs. Future work is needed to evaluate the optimal design of the PL so that users with emergent cases, such as pediatric trauma, have access to key information related to the patient's immediate problems.
Voxel column culling: occlusion culling for large terrain models

We present Voxel Column Culling, an occlusion culling algorithm for real-time rendering of large terrain models. This technique can greatly reduce the number of polygons that must be rendered every frame, allowing a larger piece of terrain to be rendered at an interactive frame-rate. This is accomplished by using a form of 3D cell-based occlusion culling. A visibility table for the terrain model is precomputed and stored on disk. This table is then used to quickly bypass portions of the model that are not visible due to self-occlusion of the terrain model. This technique improves performance of real-time terrain simulations by reducing the number of polygons to be rendered.
Detection and Classification of Hard Exudates with Fundus Images Complements and Neural Networks

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disorder that progressively leads to vision loss due to high glucose causing impairment of retinal blood vessels (BVs). ‘Retinal Bright Lesions’ such as ‘Hard Exudates’ (HEs) are plasma leakages from rapture retinal capillaries. HEs appear as hard, waxy, yellowish deposits from tiny spots to fat patches and signify moderate-severe Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). This paper proposes a simple, compact and computationally inexpensive technique for detection and classification of HEs using Digital Image Processing Techniques on digital fundus images complements and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The proposed technique unfolds through five stages i.e. Pre-processing, coarse detection, optimization, features detection & extraction followed by classification. ‘Speed Up Robust Features’ (SURF) algorithm has been used for features detection & extraction while ‘Feed-Forward Back-propagation’ (FFBP) ANN has been used for classification. The proposed technique has yielded 98.7% ‘Sensitivity’ (SE), 97.5% ‘Specificity’ (SP) and 97.7% ‘Accuracy’ (AC) on ‘DIARETDB1’ fundus images.
Research on Fuzzy Adaptive Intelligent Decision-making in Complex Environment

Decision-making is an extremely complex proposition. Especially with the development of economy, the progress of science and technology and the acceleration of global integration. All walks of life are facing an increasingly complex and changing environment, and decision-making problems are becoming more and more complex. In complex environments, decision-making is made by multiple stakeholders on the basis of increasingly updated self-confidence and repeated discussions. Enterprise-level decision support system is much more complex than individual decision in decision environment, decision process and decision support technology. Multi-objective intelligent decision making is a difference and multi-objective optimization problem. Based on quantitative mathematical models, intelligent decision-making systems lack corresponding support methods for qualitative, fuzzy and uncertain problems in decision-making. Based on the complex adaptation theory, this paper constructs an adaptive intelligent decision support system. The adaptive decision process is analyzed. It is proved that the decision-making platform based on adaptive intelligent decision theory can help decision makers to provide effective decision-making in complex environments.
Abstract P179: Uncontrolled Cholesterol Levels In Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia

Introduction: The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guidelines recommends patients who have phenotypic severe hypercholesterolemia (SH), defined as a low-de...
Chapter 23 – Glycogen

: Glycogen is the major storage form of carbohydrate in animals. Glycogen is stored primarily in muscle and liver tissue (and to a lesser extent in adipose tissue). Glycogenolysis in muscle will not result in glucose being added directly to blood. Glycogenolysis in liver will result in glucose being added directly to blood. Glycogen synthase is activated through dephosphorylation. Both the cAMP and Ca++ messenger systems are involved in glycogen breakdown. Muscle contraction is normally synchronized with glycogenolysis.
Leveraging Collaboration to Manage, Preserve, and Provide Access to the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Records

This paper takes as a case study broadcasts produced by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), exploring efforts by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives (HILA) at Stanford University to bui...
A Pilot Study of a Measure of Parental Trust in Pediatric Emergency Department Care Teams.

Abstract Objective To modify and test an existing measure of trust validated in a primary care setting for use in a pediatric emergency department (PED). Methods The study population was parents/guardians who brought their child to an urban PED with a chief complaint of abdominal pain or head injury. We used a 2-phase design with modifications resulting from cognitive interviews with 15 participants followed by a field test with 150 participants. We measured usefulness by percent missing responses and ceiling effects. Cronbach's Alpha and Greatest Lower Bound measured reliability. As evidence of validity, we calculated a total trust score by summing the item scale values and correlating the score with measures of constructs shown to be positively associated with trust in other settings. We conducted a similar analysis to test a published shortened version of the same scale. Results Four items were modified prior to field testing. Ceiling effects for each item ranged from 53 to 67%. Missing data was minimal affecting only 2 items. The modified measure exhibited high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.88, Greatest Lower Bound = 0.93). Total trust scores ranged from 27 to 50 with mean (SD) = 45.1 (4.9). The trust score exhibited a high positive correlation with communication and overall satisfaction, and moderate correlation with intent to adhere to physician recommendations. The short version of the scale performed similarly. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the modified Wake Forest measure of trust is applicable and useful in the PED setting for this patient population.
AMPGAN v2: Machine Learning Guided Discovery of Anti-Microbial Peptides

Antibiotic resistance is a critical public health problem. Each year ${\sim}2.8$ million resistant infections lead to more than 35,000 deaths in the U.S. alone. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) show promise in treating resistant infections. But, applications of known AMPs have encountered issues in development, production, and shelf-life. To drive the development of AMP-based treatments it is necessary to create design approaches with higher precision and selectivity towards resistant targets. In this paper we present AMPGAN v2, a generative adversarial network (GAN) based approach for rational AMP design. Like AMPGAN , AMPGAN v2 combines data driven priors and controlled generation. These elements allow for the generation of AMP candidates tailored for specific applications. AMPGAN v2 is able to generate AMP candidates that are novel and diverse, making it an efficient AMP design tool.
Finding consensus on indicators for organizational climate capacity in sport

Rationale: As climate change presents organizations with unpredictable challenges, including damages, losses, and cancelations resulting from climate hazards, research into climate vulnerability an...
Implementation of an Integrated Avionics Unit for a Class D MicroSat

An enabling technology platform, the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) Integrated Avionics Unit (IAU) has been advanced from previous development efforts discussed in 2017 and continues to provide a number of functions to a host space vehicle in a compact form factor, tailored for the varied demands of Class D micro and mini satellite missions. In recent times, the SwRI IAU has been tailored for the recently awarded NASA Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission, a constellation of four microsats designed to study solar interactions. In this configuration, the IAU is capable of interfacing with a solar array to efficiently couple energy to the power system and provides for charging and discharging of a battery, as well as monitoring its state of health. The IAU also provides appropriate power switching and distribution for enumerated spacecraft sensors, actuators, encryption, and communication loads as well as for internal power regulation for its electronics and for a spacecraft sensor network. The IAU provides processing for command & data handling (C&DH) tasks, guidance navigation and control (GNC) tasks, sub-system communication, and specific processing of payload sensor data. The IAU also houses volatile and non-volatile data storages and can process data from these storages into CCSDS compliant packets for downlink on multiple links. The IAU also supports appropriate signal/control/telemetry interfaces to enumerated spacecraft sensors, actuators, and communication devices. This paper describes the implementation of the IAU, as tailored to the PUNCH mission, opportunities for further efficiency gains, and potential future capability growth.
Perceived Barriers to the De-implementation of Routine Preoperative History & Physicals Preceding Low-risk Ambulatory Procedures: A Qualitative Study of Surgeon Perspectives.

Abstract Background For patients undergoing surgery at an Ambulatory Surgical Center, recent changes to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services policy allow for the omission of a 30-day preoperative History and Physical (H&P). Preoperative H&Ps for low-risk surgery may contribute to health care waste and lead to unnecessary preoperative testing and treatment cascades. Methods In this qualitative study, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with surgeons who frequently perform low-risk surgeries. We aimed to evaluate surgeon perspectives on the continued use of the 30-day preoperative H&P and specifically the potential risks and benefits associated with the elimination of a preoperative H&P requirement from institutional practice. We used an interpretive description approach to generate a thematic description. Results Most participants felt that the 30-day preoperative H&P was low value and frequently described it as “unnecessary,” “redundant,” or “just checking a box.” Many viewed the 30-day requirement as arbitrary and felt that new H&P findings were rare and unlikely to influence surgical care. The participants who favored the preoperative H&P felt it was a safeguard to ensure “nothing was missed” and were less likely to be burdened by the requirement than participants who felt it was low value. Conclusions Surgeons performing low-risk procedures question the utility and value of conducting a preoperative H&P within 30 days of surgery. De-implementation of the 30-day preoperative H&P for low-risk patients may increase convenience for patients and providers. Furthermore, it may improve value in surgery by increasing access to services for patients with greater need for preoperative assessment.
System and mathematical modeling of quadrotor dynamics

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly visible in our daily lives; and range in operation from search and rescue, monitoring hazardous environments, and to the delivery of goods. One of the most popular UAS are based on a quad‐rotor design. These are typically small devices that rely on four propellers for lift and movement. Quad‐rotors are inherently unstable, and rely on advanced control methodologies to keep them operating safely and behaving in a predictable and desirable manner. The control of these devices can be enhanced and improved by making use of an accurate dynamic model. In this paper, we examine a simple quadrotor model, and note some of the additional dynamic considerations that were left out. We then compare simulation results of the simple model with that of another comprehensive model.
Effects on Ca and P Metabolism in Humans by Adding Meat, Meat Plus Milk, or Purified Proteins Plus Ca and P to a Low Protein Diet

The effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism of adult man by adding meat or meat plus dairy products to a diet low in protein (55 g), calcium (590 mg), and phosphorus (890 mg) were determined. When the low protein diet was consumed, the subjects retained a mean of 20 mg calcium daily but lost 106 mg phosphorus. The addition of meat which increased protein and phosphorus to 146 g and 1660 mg, respectively, caused calcium retention to decrease from 19 to -17 mg but phosphorus retention to increase from 106 to 55 mg. When the meat plus dairy diet high in protein (146 g), calcium (1370 mg), and phosphorus (2060 mg) was consumed the subjects retained substantial amounts of calcium (101 mg) and phosphorus (177 mg). The simulated diets high in purified proteins and supplemented with calcium and phosphorus affected calcium retention in a manner similar to the meat and meat plus dairy diets, but they had a marked negative effect on phosphorus retention; this indicates that supplements of calcium gluconate were well utilized but that those of monopotassium phosphate were not. The results obtained on urinary sulfate, acid, cyclic AMP and hydroxyproline support the conclusions made from the calcium and phosphorus data.
Social work intervention with families of children with cancer: the changing critical phases.

There are several critical phases through which pediatric cancer patients pass. It is important for the social worker to identify these stressful periods in order to give maximum help to the patient and his family. With constructive intervention, a concerned worker can minimize the stress and help the family regain its equilibrium.
Role of macrophages in delayed hypersensitivity: II. Effects of anti-macrophage antibody

Abstract Rabbit antisera (AMS) to guinea pig macrophages and the γG fraction thereof (AMG) were specific for membrane antigens of monocytes/macrophages. The AMS and AMG bound to the surface of peritoneal macrophages, agglutinated these cells, and destroyed them. They were nontoxic for guinea pig lymphocytes. When injected intraperitoneally repeatedly into Hartley guinea pigs immunized with BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant, AMG did not affect the Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin reactions elicited by BSA and PPD at 6 and 24 hr. They did, however, diminish or eliminate the passive transfer of DH in irradiated strain 13 guinea pigs that were infused with lymph node and a limited number of bone marrow cells from immune donors. This effect was most likely the result of a destructive action against bone marrow elements or their progeny.
A Simple Characterization of Stuttering Bisimulation

Showing equivalence of two systems at different levels of abstraction often entails mapping a single step in one system to a sequence of steps in the other, where the relevant state information does not change until the last step. In [BCG 88,dNV 90], bisimulations that take into account such “stuttering” are formulated. These definitions are, however, difficult to use in proofs of bisimulation, as they often require one to exhibit a finite, but unbounded sequence of transitions to match a single transition; thus introducing a large number of proof obligations. We present an alternative formulation of bisimulation under stuttering, in terms of a ranking function over a well-founded set. It has the desirable property, shared with strong bisimulation [Mil 90], that it requires matching single transitions only, which considerably reduces the number of proof obligations. This makes proofs of bisimulation short, and easier to demonstrate and understand. We show that the new formulation is equivalent to the original one, and illustrate its use with non-trivial examples that have infinite state spaces and exhibit unbounded stuttering.
Adaptive Recursive Doubling Algorithm for Collective Communication

Process arrival times at MPI collective operations differ significantly. Addressing this fact with special handling for popular collective communication algorithms can yield performance improvements. The recursive doubling algorithm is one of the most efficient techniques for implementing collectives in MPI, especially for short messages and when the number of participating processes is a power of two. In the recursive doubling algorithm, all the processes must complete a given step before the algorithm continues to the next step. In this paper, we present a recursive doubling algorithm that makes use of available data and removes the requirement for each process to arrive at each step before proceeding. Our approach makes use of the multicast feature of the underlying network and progress tagging of messages, describing the currently available partial results. Our approach could be implemented in any parallel execution environment that supports multicasting. Our prototype implementation is based upon a network interface card with an FPGA, the Net FPGA. The Net FPGA provides hardware level programmability to offload processing, precise and controlled timing for accounting for packet and algorithm behavior, allowing classification of skew scenarios. Our algorithm provides up to 10% saving in synchronization delay in the presence of skew and up to 37% saving in number of messages generated, and up to 32% saving in reduction operations performed in MPI Allreduce.
How Low Can You Go: Balancing Performance with Anonymity in Tor

Tor is one of the most popular anonymity systems in use today, in part because of its design goal of providing high performance. This has motivated research into performance enhancing modifications to Tor’s circuit scheduling, congestion control, and bandwidth allocation mechanisms. This paper investigates the effects of these proposed modifications on attacks that rely on network measurements as a side channel. We introduce a new class of induced throttling attacks in this space that exploit performance enhancing mechanisms to artificially throttle a circuit. We show that these attacks can drastically reduce the set of probable entry guards on a circuit, in many cases uniquely identifying the entry guard. Comparing to existing attacks, we find that although most of the performance enhancing modifications improve the accuracy of network measurements, the effectiveness of the attacks is reduced in some cases by making the Tor network more homogeneous. We conclude with an analysis of the total reduction in anonymity that clients face due to each proposed mechanism.
The Under-Theorized Asterisk Footnote

The asterisk footnote, although universally deployed in legal scholarship, has been equally universally ignored by the academy as a focus of scholarly interest. As I use the term, asterisk footnote refers to the note (usually, but not always, the first one) that, inter alia, identifies the author and (usually, but not always) is indicated by an asterisk. This footnote is used by every scholar but analyzed by none. This scholarly inattention is shocking given the remarkable growth and development of the asterisk footnote over the last 40 years. This Article is the first effort to address this gaping lacuna in scholarship. It is my hope (perhaps not my expectation) that it will launch a wave of asteriskian studies that will throw new light on the legal academy. In addition to tracing the history of the asterisk footnote from its origins in the primeval scholarly ooze to its present exalted status, the Article explores its significance for the legal academy on topics ranging from wholesale acknowledgements to dedications to pets. It also considers what light the asterisk footnote can throw on questions as diverse as the proper etiquette for tributes and the democratization of scholarship.
Does acute stress disorder predict subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder in pediatric burn survivors

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in pediatric burn survivors who had been treated for acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms during their initial hospitalization and compared them to patients who had been asymptomatic for ASD symptoms. METHOD: Participants were identified from electronic medical records from 1995 to 2008 and data were collected from 2006 to 2008. Participants were primarily matched on total body surface area burned and gender, and as close as possible on age at time of burn and number of years postburn. Pediatric burn survivors completed a semistructured clinical interview, the Missouri Assessment of Genetics Interview for Children-PTSD section, which is based on criteria from the DSM-IV for evaluating lifetime PTSD. RESULTS: There were 183 participants in the study, and from this sample 85 matched pairs were identified. Most were 5 years postburn. The prevalence of PTSD at the time of follow-up was 8.24% (7 of 85) for the ASD group and 4.71% (4 of 85) for the non-ASD comparison group. No significant differences were found between these groups at P value ≥.05. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine if prior ASD diagnosis, burn size, gender, ethnicity, age at time of study participation, and number of years postburn predicted subsequent PTSD. None of the variables were significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PTSD was similar in children who had ASD symptoms and those without ASD symptoms. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD was lower than reported in other studies. A possible explanation for this finding is that children received timely pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy during their acute hospitalization. Language: en
Earthquake Hazards Program could have new leadership

The interagency National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) in the United States will have new leadership and increased authorized funding, if bipartisan re-authorization legislation approved by the House of Representatives on 1 October becomes law. The bill, H.R. 2608, would elevate the National Institute of Standards and Technology as the lead agency for planning and coordinating NEHRP, replacing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in that role. The NEHRP, established by Congress in 1977, also includes the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) as agency partners.
The structure of acquaintance nets and rates of societal development

Abstract Selected steps in progress on the “small world problem” are reviewed, to show the difficulty of finding models that can produce the spectrum of clusters that is observed in contact nets rather than a single large cluster. Empirical work now in progress in the Philippines and in Hong Kong to correlate the structure of the acquaintance nets with rates of economic, political and societal development is presented and related to next steps in modelling. The relation of both empirical and theoretical findings to networking is brought out, as is the potential of computer conferencing for such network-supported applications as the provision of support in health maintenance.
806-4 Association of Ventricular Arrhythmias with Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction: Is it a Missing Link?

It is well known that both complex ventricular arrhythmias (CVA) and LV dysfunction after MI are predictors of poor prognosis. Several studies have assessed the relationship of CVA and LVEF with controversial results; however, the relationship of CVA and LV remodeling after MI has not been clarified yet. We have prospectively evaluated 97 consecutive pts with acute MI by serial echocardiographic examinations (day 1, 2, 3 and 7 and after 3 weeks) in order to determine end-diastolic volume index (EDVi), end-systolic volume index (ESVi) and EF. Holter monitoring was performed after 3 weeks. Coronary angiography was performed in 88 patients before hospital discharge. Results CVA (defined as Lown classes 3–5) were found in 16/97 pts. In the logistic regression model, variables predictive of CVA were ESVi on admission (b = 0.048, p = 0.032) and EDVi after 3 weeks (b = 0.034, p = 0.0121 CVA were related to the increase of EDVi and ESVi throughout the study (F = 5.62, p = 0.046 and F = 6.42, p = 0.017, respectively by MANOVA). The incidence of CVA was not related to EF, thrombolysis, infarct-related artery patency, angiographic extent of coronary artery disease and infarct location. Conclusions These data indicate that CVA are related to progressive LV dilation, rather than to depressed EF. It appears that CVA may be the missing link that explains association of LV remodeling with higher mortality.
A Conceptual Framework for Clutch-Size Evolution in Songbirds

AbstractCauses of evolved differences in clutch size among songbird species remain debated. I propose a new conceptual framework that integrates aspects of traditional life-history theory while including novel elements to explain evolution of clutch size among songbirds. I review evidence that selection by nest predation on length of time that offspring develop in the nest creates a gradient in offspring characteristics at nest leaving (fledging), including flight mobility, spatial dispersion, and self-feeding rate. I postulate that this gradient has consequences for offspring mortality rates and parental energy expenditure per offspring. These consequences then determine how reproductive effort is partitioned among offspring, while reproductive effort evolves from age-specific mortality effects. Using data from a long-term site in Arizona, as well as from the literature, I provide support for hypothesized relationships. Nestling development period consistently explains fledgling mortality, energy expendi...
De novo acute myeloid leukemia with Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL) and inversion 16 (CBFB-MYH11): report of two cases and review of the literature.

Cytogenetic and molecular studies play a major role in myeloid disease subclassification and risk stratification. The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification [1] recognizes several dise...
Transfusion contracts for Jehovah’s Witnesses receiving organ transplants: ethical necessity or coercive pact?

Jehovah's Witnesses should be required to sign transfusion contracts in order to be eligible for transplant.
Eigenspace transformation for automatic target recognition

In this paper, two eigenspace transformations are examined for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction in an automatic target detector. The transformations considered in this research are principal component analysis and the eigenspace separation transform (EST). These transformations differ in their capabilities to enhance the class separability and to compact the information for a given training set. The transformed data, obtained by projection of the normalized input images onto a chosen set of eigentargets, are fed to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) that decides whether a given input image is a target or clutter. In order to search for the optimal performance, we use different sets of eigentargets and construct the matching MLPs. Although the number of hidden layers is fixed, the numbers of inputs and weights of these MLPs are proportional to the number of eigentargets selected. These MLPs are trained with a modified Qprop algorithm that maximizes the target-clutter class separation at a predefined false-alarm rate. Experimental results are presented on a huge and realistic data set of forward-looking IR imagery.
A replacement name for a subspecies of Dericorythinae (Orthoptera : Dericorythidae) from Africa

The intent of this note is to briefly describe the objective circumstances associated with a primary homonym, making a nomenclatural change necessary. A new name is proposed for a subspecies of grasshopper (Acridoidea: Dericorythidae: Dericorythinae) from Africa. The name Dericorys escalerai descampsi, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name, in honor of the work of the eminent orthopterist, Marius Descamps.
WHAT DO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY GRADUATES DO? ONE CASE STUDY'

Summary.-In a study after Wineburg and McGraw, graduates of the doctoral program in Educational Psychology at Fordham Univenity were surveyed as to their current job placements and opinions about their Fordham program. Of 94 questionnaires sent during the 1990-91 academic year, 63 responses were completed and returned by program graduates of the period 1979 through May, 1990. Results were different from those reported in 1987 by Wieburg and McGraw and showed a wider range of career options for graduates. More than 40% of Fordham graduates were employed in schools. The largest single category was psychologist in private practice (21%). School psychologist (17.5%) and college faculty/administration (16%) were the second two most frequent positions. Results ate discussed in terms of the diversity of educational psychologists. This research follows the 1987 study of Wineberg and McGraw, who