cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antibodies as allosteric proteins—III: An alternative model, and some predictions

Abstract An alternative to the allosteric cluster hypothesis is examined as a possible explanation for cooperative C 1 binding. This alternative hypothesis is an elaboration of the concept that aggregation of antibody molecules suffices to induce biological effector function in antibody molecules. A number of experiments are suggested which would serve to discriminate between the two alternatives, and to test the allosteric cluster hypothesis.
Does ATP cause relaxation by binding to actin or its regulatory proteins

Abstract Although it has been shown that troponin and tropomyosin are not able to cause relaxation at low ATP concentration suggesting that they require ATP for their activity, neither regulatory protein nor actin bind ATP.
Therapies for coronaviruses. Part I of II -- viral entry inhibitors.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus emerged fleetingly in the winter of 2002 and again in the winter of 2003, resulting in the infection of ∼ 8000 people and the death of ∼ 800. The identification of the putative natural reservoir suggests that a re-emergence is possible. The functions of many coronaviral proteins have now been elucidated, resulting in many novel approaches to therapy. Objective: To review anticoronaviral therapies based on inhibition of viral entry into the host cell and to cast light on promising approaches and future developments. Method: The published literature, in particular patent publications, is searched for relevant documents. The information is organized and critiqued. Results/conclusion: The approaches to combating coronaviral infections are built on the foundation of antivirals against other viruses and the fundamental insights gained by dissection of the coronaviral lifecycle. These approaches include the prevention of viral entry, reviewed here,...
Ca 2+ signaling in astrocytes from Ip3r2 −/− mice in brain slices and during startle responses in vivo

Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is considered to be important for multiple astrocyte functions in neural circuits. However, mice devoid of inositol triphosphate type 2 receptors (IP3R2) reportedly lack all astrocyte Ca(2+) signaling, but display no neuronal or neurovascular deficits, implying that astrocyte Ca(2+) fluctuations are not involved in these functions. An assumption has been that the loss of somatic Ca(2+) fluctuations also reflects a similar loss in astrocyte processes. We tested this assumption and found diverse types of Ca(2+) fluctuations in astrocytes, with most occurring in processes rather than in somata. These fluctuations were preserved in Ip3r2(-/-) (also known as Itpr2(-/-)) mice in brain slices and in vivo, occurred in end feet, and were increased by G protein-coupled receptor activation and by startle-induced neuromodulatory responses. Our data reveal previously unknown Ca(2+) fluctuations in astrocytes and highlight limitations of studies that used Ip3r2(-/-) mice to evaluate astrocyte contributions to neural circuit function and mouse behavior.
Putting the idle to work

Noble gases are a do-nothing group of elements that barely exist on Earth. But that doesn't mean they're not valuable, says cosmochemist David E. Fisher
Interaction of cyclosporine and FK506 with diuretics in transplant patients.

Interaction of cyclosporine and FK506 with diuretics in transplant patients. Background The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and FK506 are widely used for immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation. One of the side effects of these agents is renal magnesium wasting. The site of action and molecular mechanism of this effect are not known. We hypothesized that agents such as diuretics that cause renal magnesium wasting through a similar action would not have an additive effect on magnesium deficiency with calcineurin inhibitors. Methods The records of 50 heart transplant patients on calcineurin inhibitors were reviewed to determine levels of serum magnesium and required replacement dose of magnesium, diuretic usage, and other laboratory values. Results Loop diuretics did not change either the magnesium level or magnesium replacement requirements in patients on calcineurin inhibitors. In contrast, the thiazide diuretic resulted in an increase in serum magnesium and a decrease in magnesium replacement. Results were similar when the cyclosporine or FK506 groups were evaluated alone. Patients taking FK506 had lower serum magnesium values and higher requirements for magnesium replacement compared with patients taking cyclosporine. Conclusion We conclude that calcineurin inhibitors and loop diuretics have a similar site of action.
Management of Flail Chest Without Mechanical Ventilation

The pathophysiology of flail chest is usually described only on the basis of paradoxical respiration, ignoring underlying pulmonary contusion. Two groups of comparable patients were treated either with early tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (Group 1), or with fluid restriction, diuretics, methylpredinisolone, albumin, vigorous pulmonary toilet, and intercostal nerve blocks, ignoring the paradox and treating only the underlying lung (Group 2). When tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation were not used the mortality rate went from 21% to O(p = 0.01), the complication rate from 100% to 20% (p = 0.005), and the average hospitalization from 31.3 to 9.3 days (p = 0.005). We conclude that most patients with flail chest do not need internal pneumatic stabilization if the underlying lung is treated appropriately and that tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation with a volume respirator, as practiced in most respiratory care centers, is usually a triumph of technique over judgment.
Politics and Pseudopolitics: A Critical Evaluation of Some Behavioral Literature.

A curious state of affairs has developed within the academic discipline that bravely calls itself Political Science—the discipline that in a much-quoted phrase has been called “a device, invented by university teachers, for avoiding that dangerous subject politics, without achieving science.” A growing and now indeed a predominant proportion of leading American political scientists, the behavioralists, have become determined to achieve science. Yet in the process many of them remain open to the charge of strenuously avoiding that dangerous subject, politics.Consider a recent essay on the behavioral persuasion in politics. The conclusion stresses the purpose of political inquiry: “The Goal is Man.” There is to be a commitment to some humane purpose after all. But what kind of man? A democratic kind of man, a just man, or perhaps a power-seeking man? The answer follows: “These are philosophical questions better left to the philosophers.”
Role of [18F]-dopa-PET imaging in assessing movement disorders.

Fluorodopa-PET (FD-PET) has proved to be an extremely useful technique for the noninvasive evaluation of nigrostriatal pathophysiology in patients with Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. The development of ratio methods for image analysis has greatly reduced the complexity of these positron emission tomography studies and has facilitated data analysis. With the recent advances in cyclotron targetry and automated synthesis modules, FD-PET will soon become an important component of the clinical armamentarium.
PCV24: BEYOND THE FIRST YEAR: PATTERNS AND PREDICTORS OF LONG-TERM STATIN UTILIZATION

INTRODUCTION: Noncompliance with lipid-lowering medications has important implications for clinical and economic outcomes of therapy. Little is known about long-term utilization of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins) because previous data have been based on closely monitored trials or have observed patients for short periods of time. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns and predictors of long-term compliance with statin therapy in a US elderly population. METHODS: Cohort study (n = 607) of enrollees in the New Jersey Medicaid and Pharmacy Assistance for the Aged and Disabled (PAAD) programs aged 65 and older who began statin therapy in the first half of 1990. Filled prescription data were used to assess the proportion of days with any statin available in each of 12 consecutive 6-month intervals after initiation of therapy. Demographic and clinical predictors of noncompliance, measured at baseline, were identified using linear models for repeated measures. RESULTS: Mean days with statin available was 64% in the first 6 months of therapy and 45% in the next 6 months; it then decreased linearly to 32% at the end of year 6. The proportion of patients with 80% of days covered was 41% in the first 6 months, 30% in the next 6 months, and 25% at the end of year 6. After controlling for baseline demographic and clinical variables, lower compliance in years 2 through 6 was significantly associated with duration of treatment, black race, lower income, older age, and taking fewer other medications. By contrast, first-year compliance was significantly better among blacks than other races and age was not associated with utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with statin therapy declines over time, with the greatest reductions occurring in the first year of treatment. Predictors of short- and long-term compliance differ, with long-term noncompliance most strongly predicted by age, race, and socioeconomic status.
Hydrogen bonding by chloroform-d as a conformational probe of the macrobicyclic diamines

Abstract By means of the i.r. spectrum of chloroform-d as a probe, the conformations of 1, (k + 2)-diazabicyclo[k.k.k]alkanes have been studied for the compounds with k = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 14. It was found that the nitrogen atoms are inaccessible to hydrogen bonding by chloroform-d in the compounds with k even. For the [7.7.7] and [9.9.9] compounds evidence of bonding is provided by a satellite at 2170 cm−1 to the CD stretching frequency at 2254 cm−1. In the [7.7.7] compound the satellite is extremely weak, which suggests either that this compound exists mainly as the “in, in” conformation or that there is steric hindrance in the association of chloroform-d with the nitrogen atoms even though one or both of these may be in the “out” conformation. The [9.9.9] compound shows a much stronger satellite at 2170 cm−1, though the extent of association is still substantially lower than expected on the basis of a study of interaction between chloroform-d and 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Interaction was also examined between chloroform-d and the polyether obtained by replacement of the six CH2 groups in the 4,7; 13,16 and 21,24 positions of the [8.8.8] compound by oxygen atoms. A very strong satellite was observed at 2190 cm−1. Although it was not possible to make a quantitative determination of the components in this equilibrium, it seems quite clear that in chloroform-d solution the two nitrogen atoms are in the “out, out” conformation. However, when a cryptate salt is formed by insertion of a barium ion within the polyether framework, the satellite disappears, indicating that the nitrogen atoms are bound to the barium ion and are in the “in, in” conformation.
Sterile culture of the free-living stages of the sheep stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus.

The effect of an efficient bactericidal solution on the hatching of Haemonchus eggs was studied and it was found that a large proportion remained viable. Based on former work, a medium was devised in which the bacteria-free eggs hatched and the larvae developed to the infective stage. These larvae were morphologically and otherwise normal, except that they were slightly smaller than faecal-grown specimens, although the size ranges overlapped. Infection tests proved that Haemonchus larvae grown under conditions of sterility were normally infective for, and produced normal adults in, a susceptible lamb.
MAGNESIOPASCOITE, A NEW MEMBER OF THE PASCOITE GROUP: DESCRIPTION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

Magnesiopascoite, Ca 2 Mg(V 10 O 28 )·16H 2 O, a new mineral species from the Blue Cap mine, near La Sal, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A., is named as the Mg analogue of pascoite, Mg occupying one of the two nonequivalent Ca sites in the structure of pascoite. Magnesiopascoite formed from post-mining leaching and oxidation of V–U oxide replacements of organic matter. Magnesiopascoite occurs as parallel stacks of lustrous, transparent, bright-orange crystals that vary in aspect from tabular to equant to prismatic. Numerous small faces in the [110] and [110] zones (at approximately 120°) yield shapes and prominent striations that mimic hexagonal symmetry. Crystal intergrowths reach several mm in the largest dimension. The mineral has a yellow streak, an adamantine luster, a Mohs hardness of about 2½, and one cleavage, {001} perfect. The measured density is 2.43(2) g/cm 3 , and the calculated density is 2.442 g/cm 3 . It is optically biaxial (−), α 1.769(3), β 1.802(3), γ 1.807(3), 2 V (meas.) = 45(5)°; the dispersion, r v , is crossed. The orientation is X = b , Z ∧ a = 20° (in β obtuse), and the pleochroic scheme is Y (orange) > X (yellow), Z (yellow). Electron-microprobe analyses provided: CaO 7.78, MgO 2.67, ZnO 0.23, CoO 0.05, V 2 O 5 71.32, H 2 O 21.94 (calc.), total 103.99% which, based on V = 10 apfu with O = 44 apfu and sufficient H for charge balance, yields Ca 1.77 (Mg 0.85 Zn 0.04 Co 0.01 )(H 2 O) 15.34 (H 3 O) 0.66 (V 10 O 28 ). Magnesiopascoite is monoclinic, C 2/ m , a 19.8442(15), b 9.9353(8), c 10.7149(8) A, β 120.305(1)°, V 1823.9(2) A 3 , Z = 2. Its atomic structure [ R 1 = 2.27% for F o > 4σ( F o )] is similar to that of other pascoite-group minerals. It consists of an anionic decavanadate (V 10 O 28 ) 6− structural unit and an interstitial hydrated cationic complex of composition {Ca 2 Mg(H 2 O) 16 } 6+ , which is formed of Mg(H 2 O) 6 octahedra and seven-coordinated CaO 2 (H 2 O) 5 groups.
Growth and sedimentation of dust particles in the vicinity of local pressure enhancements in a solar nebula

A planet-forming nebula is a dynamic environment whose properties and structure vary with time. At the early stage of planet formation, when small grains coagulate to form larger objects, the dynamics of such an environment and its time-varying structure have considerable effects on that process. Among such structures, regions where the pressure of the gas is locally enhanced are of particular interest. In the vicinity of these regions, the combined effect of gas drag and pressure gradients, which in a nebula with a monotonic pressure gradient creates gas drag-induced migration of solids towards the central star causes solid particles to migrate inward/outward, and accumulate at the location of the pressure-enhanced region. While migrating, solid particles sweep up smaller objects and grow in size. In this paper, the effects of the appearance of pressure-enhanced structures on the growth and sedimentation of micron-sized particles are studied, and the effects of gas drag and pressure gradients on the rate of accumulation of centimetre-sized objects in the regions of local maximum pressure on the midplane are discussed. To portray a more detailed picture of the dynamical influence of such structures on the motions and interactions of particles, comparisons are made with the results of similar studies in a nebula without pressure-enhanced structures, and the cases, in which the changes in the physical properties of the gas and particles will enhance the growth rates of solids, are discussed. A discussion is also presented on the inelastic collision of dust particles and the corrections to the formulae of sticking velocity that currently exist in the literature.
Exploiting parallelism across program execution: a unification technique and its analysis

A new technique for source-to-source transformation of sequential programs is described. It is shown that the transformed programs so generated provide significant speedups over the original program on vector processors and vector multiprocessors. The parallelism that arises when multiple instances of a program are executed on simultaneously available data sets is exploited. This is in contrast to the existing approaches that aim at detecting parallelism within a program. The analytic model is used to prove the optimality of the complete first policy for block selection for a class of program graphs known as nonregressive graphs. Analytic and simulation models of the technique clearly indicate the speedups that could be achieved when several data sets are available simultaneously, as is the case in many fields of interest. >
Fast forward rounds: an effective method for teaching medical students to transition patients safely across care settings.

Adverse events commonly occur during hospital-to-home transitions and cause substantial morbidity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Fast Forward Rounds (FFR), a novel educational intervention that aims to foster awareness of the essential elements of transitional care in 3rd-year medical students. FFR consists of two 90-minute sessions using lectures, an interactive video, small-group discussion, and a team-based learning exercise. It emphasizes functional assessment to identify patients at risk for poor discharge outcomes, promotes interdisciplinary collaboration to link vulnerable patients with appropriate services, reviews Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement, and teaches development of comprehensive care plans. Using a pre/posttest design, participants' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors within the domains of transitional care, functional assessment, interdisciplinary team, community resources, and reimbursement were assessed. Of 103 students, 99.0% attended Session 1 and 97.1% attended Session 2 (pretest completion rate 99.0%, posttest 94.1%). Significant improvements were found in all domains, with the largest gains seen in transitional care. After the intervention, 56.0% identified medication errors as the most common source of adverse events after discharge (vs 14.9% before the intervention, P or =50% of the time (vs 42.3%, P=.002)). A multimodal educational intervention for medical students increased their transitional care knowledge, reported frequency of transitional care behaviors, and perceived competence in managing the discharge process.
True palmar aneurysms—A case report and literature review

Abstract True palmar aneurysms are rare tumors of the hand. They occur most commonly in the hypothenar region and are the result of nonpenetrating blunt trauma. This trauma may be repetitive or a single episode. The absence of palmar fascia, the proximity to the hook of hamate, and the superficial location of the distal ulnar artery and superficial palmar arch are predisposing factors.
Are there industrial relations sub‐models?

This article explores patterns of industrial relations throughout the world, and hypothesizes that there are three basic sub-models: the developed capitalist, the communist, and the semi-developed capitalist sub-model. All have analytical rigor and predictive possibilities, and can be utilized and tested.
On the Dilation of Delaunay Triangulations of Points in Convex Position

Let S be a finite set of points in the Euclidean plane, and let E be the complete graph whose point-set is S. Chew, in 1986, proved a lower bound of �/2 on the stretch factor of the Delaunay triangulation of S (with respect to E), and conjectured that this bound is tight. Dobkin, Friedman, and Supowit, in 1987, showed that the stretch factor of the Delaunay triangulation of S is at most �( √ 5 + 1)/2 ≈ 5.084. This upper bound was later improved by Keil and Gutwin in 1989 to 2�/(3cos(�/6)) ≈ 2.42. Since then (1989), Keil and Gutwin’s bound has stood as the best upper bound on the stretch factor of Delaunay triangulations, even though Chew’s conjecture is now widely believed to be true. Whether the stretch factor of Delaunay triangulations is �/2 or not remains a challenging and intriguing problem in computational geometry. Bose, in an open-problem session at CCCG 2007, suggested looking at the special case when the points in S are in convex position. In this paper we show that the stretch factor of the Delaunay triangulation of a point-set in convex position is at most � = 2.33.
The PtlE Protein of Bordetella pertussis Has Peptidoglycanase Activity Required for Ptl-Mediated Pertussis Toxin Secretion

Pertussis toxin of Bordetella pertussis is secreted by a type IV secretion system comprised of the products of the nine ptl (pertussis toxin liberation) genes. These proteins are believed to form a complex spanning both the inner and outer membranes and passing through the peptidoglycan layer. Peptidoglycan acts as a barrier for transport through the periplasm of large folded molecules. Assembled pertussis toxin and the secretion component proteins PtlC through PtlH are too large to diffuse through intact peptidoglycan. Therefore, we hypothesized that the Ptl system contains a peptidoglycanase activity. The PtlE protein was found to exhibit a sequence match to the active site of glycohydrolase enzymes. An N-terminally polyhistidine-tagged PtlE fusion protein, constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli and in B. pertussis, exhibited peptidoglycanase activity on activity gels. A fusion protein with alanine substitutions at the putative active site residues (aspartic acid at position 53 and glutamic acid at position 62) lacked peptidoglycanase activity. B. pertussis strains with the amino acid substitutions were deficient for pertussis toxin secretion. Based on these results, we concluded that PtlE is a peptidoglycanase responsible for the local removal or rearrangement of the peptidoglycan layer during Ptl secretion complex assembly.
Capacity-delay tradeoff for information dissemination modalities in wireless networks

This paper presents the first comprehensive capacity-delay tradeoff study for random wireless ad hoc networks under all information dissemination modalities (unicast, multicast, broadcast, anycast) when nodes operate either with multi-packet reception (MPR) or single-packet reception (SPR) capabilities. Our results demonstrate that for unicast, increasing capacity requires additional delay for SPR similar to the results in [1] while MPR incurs no penalty, i.e., we can increase capacity and decrease delay simultaneously for MPR. For multicast, there is no tradeoff for both SPR and MPR. However, similar tradeoff can be observed for broadcast when MPR is used while there is no tradeoff with SPR.
CHANCE AND NECESSITY IN ARTHUR PEACOCKE'S SCIENTIFIC WORK

Arthur Peacocke was one of the most important scholars to contribute to the modern dialogue on science and religion, and for this he is remembered in the science-religion community. Many people, however, are unaware of his exceptional career as a biochemist prior to his decision to pursue a life working as a clergyman in the Church of England. His contributions to studies of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure, effects of radiation damage on DNA, and on the interactions of DNA and proteins are among the most important in the field at the time and have had a lasting scientific impact that is still felt today. Peacocke's arguments with Jacques Monod over stochastic (chance) and deterministic (necessity) processes driving evolution became important independently for both the science and religion communities and appear to have contributed significantly to his decision to become involved in science-religion dialogue rather than continuing his work exclusively in the field of science. Nevertheless, while Peacocke took on an active Church life and ceased his experimental work, he never left science but continued to read the scientific literature and published a scientific review on different approaches in defining DNA structure as recently as 2005.
Testing a social safety net

Abstract Standard benefit-incidence analysis does not distinguish policy impacts on persistent poverty from transient poverty. We offer an alternative approach, based on actual and simulated joint distributions of consumption over time, which allows us to distinguish the extent of ‘protection’ against poverty from ‘promotion’ out of poverty. The approach is illustrated by an analysis of the distributional impact of changes in cash benefits introduced to compensate for other policy reforms in Hungary. Cash benefits protected many from poverty, but promoted few out of poverty. The safety net's impact on poverty was largely due to higher average outlays, rather than improved targeting.
The softer side of custom software development: working with the other players

Many university programs in software engineering educate students about various technical topics, programming, methodology, software, applications as well as other topics that are considered 'hard' subjects. However, in the practical industrial world of developing custom software applications, there are various other matters confronting the software engineer that involve the other stakeholders in the development setting. These other stakeholders might be from the 'softer' subjects: sales, marketing, graphical arts, management, etc. This article presents an overview of the other stakeholders and suggests, to the software engineer, how to interact with them effectively.
An Uncommon Helicobacter Isolate from Blood: Evidence of a Group of Helicobacter spp. Pathogenic in AIDS Patients

An unusual Helicobacter sp. was isolated from the blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient. This organism had spiral morphology, with single amphitrichous flagella, and was negative for hippurate hydrolysis, production of urease, and reduction of nitrate. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis verified that the isolate was a species of Helicobacter, most closely related to an undescribed Helicobacter-like isolate from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and to Helicobacter westmeadii, a recently described species from Australia. Both organisms had also been isolated from the blood of HIV-infected patients. These blood isolates, along with Helicobacter cinaedi, form a cluster of closely related Helicobacter spp. that may represent an emerging group of pathogens in immunocompromised patients.
Phosphorescence quenching microrespirometry of skeletal muscle in situ.

We have developed an optical method for the evaluation of the oxygen consumption (Vo2) in microscopic volumes of spinotrapezius muscle. Using phosphorescence quenching microscopy (PQM) for the mea...
What Can an Image of a Smooth Lambertian Surface Tell About Camera Nonlinearity

This paper investigates the use of a single image of a smooth Lambertian surface to calibrate and remove some image nonlinearities due to the imaging device. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed before in the literature. We show that this is possible, both theoretically and practically, taking advantage of some local shading measures that vary nonlinearly as a function of luminance and geometric nonlinearities (e.g., gamma correction and lens distortion). This can work as a basis for developing a simple method to estimate these nonlinearities from a single image. Several experiments are reported to validate the proposed method.
Satisfaction with College by Traditional and Nontraditional College Students

University students (N=433) were surveyed about their satisfaction with a number of campus services and opportunities. Comparisons between traditional (up to 24 years old) and nontraditional (25 years old and older) students indicated the latter valued learning and school opportunities more and appreciated the efforts of their professors in interacting with them and communicating information. A number of similarities were noted. University administrations need to be aware of the important differences between such groups to be able to enhance students' satisfaction.
Trust in Medicine

Trust relations in medicine are argued to be a requisite response to the special vulnerability of persons as patients. Even so, the problem of motivating trust remains a vital concern. On this score, it is argued that a strong motivation can be found in recognizing that professional self-interest actually entails cultivation of patient trust as a means to maintain professional self-governance. And while the initial move to restore trust must be provoked from such narrow concerns, the process of sustaining trust will require educational initiatives aimed at restoring attitudes and skills suggestive of Percival's concept of empathic care. By including such initiatives, future waves of medical professionals are apt to sustain trust with deepened commitments to character, care, and trust as constitutive properties of their professional mission.
Apnea and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Apnea represents an episode of respiratory arrest or a pause in respiration. Pathological apnea is a period of lack of breathing that lasts 15 sec or more and is associated with slow heart rate (bradycardia) of 100/min or less. The concepts of apnea and bradycardia may vary: an example of bradycardia in a newborn is a pulse of 100 or less; bradycardia in an infant, associated with apnea, is a pulse less than 80; bradycardia of 40 associated with apnea is a severe bradycardia in an older child.
Electrodisintegration of Cu 63 and Mn 55

The electrodisintegration of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{55}$ has been investigated for total electron energies from 29.5 Mev to 81.5 Mev by a stacked-foil experiment using the internal electron beam of a synchrotron. The value of $\overline{F}$, which is essentially the ratio of photon induced foil activity to electron induced foil activity, is found to be 8.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.54 at 29.5 Mev, 5.47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36 at 46.5 Mev, 5.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25 at 63.5 Mev, and 4.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 at 81.5 Mev for the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}(e, {e}^{\ensuremath{'}}n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$ reaction. For the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{55}(e, {e}^{\ensuremath{'}}3n){\mathrm{Mn}}^{52*}$ reaction, which has an effective excitation energy of 42 Mev, $\overline{F}$ is found to be 6.67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.41 at 63.5 Mev and 7.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40 at 81.5 Mev. Upon comparing these values with the theoretical values of $\overline{F}$ for different multipole photon absorption processes, it appears that the resonance peak in the nuclear photon absorption cross section for copper is due to a mixture of 97% of an electric dipole process and 3% of an electric quadrupole process. Nuclear size effects might make the experimental results compatible with a larger proportion of electric quadrupole process. Above the resonance peak, at energies near 42 Mev, the photon absorption appears to be due to either an electric dipole or a magnetic dipole process, but not an electric quadrupole process.
Isolation of a New Enterovirus

SummaryDuring 1972 an apparently new enterovirus with characteristics of the Cox-sackievirus group A was isolated from 11 residents of New York State, 10 of whom had central nervous system disease. The representative strain S/Albany 1/72 has the physical and chemical properties of an enterovirus and causes the pathology typical for Cox-sackievirus group A in 1-day-old mice. Cross-neutralization tests indicated that the virus is distinct from currently recognized enteric viruses of man. Antibody levels to the representative strain were moderate to high in patients and were low to moderate in 26 % of healthy individuals tested.The authors acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Thomas Cutie, Mrs. Ruth Jackson, Mrs. Margaret Koehler, and Mrs. Frances Bouchard.
Deferability: A Concept for Incremental Air Traffic Management Decision Making

Dealing with uncertainty poses a challenge for traffic flow management (TFM) decision making, for example, when rerouting flights to avoid forecast convective weather. These decisions impose costs and delays on flights, and weather does not always materialize where it was forecast or with the forecasted severity. Deciding on a good strategy to take now when faced with uncertain and probabilistic forecasts is difficult for human decision makers. We have developed the deferability concept as an approach for building TFM decision support systems that make decisions incrementally. Simulation studies show this concept can be an effective way to manage airspace congestion using uncertain traffic and weather forecasts.
Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Aerogels for Aerospace Applications

Silica aerogels are highly porous solid materials consisting of three-dimensional networks of silica particles and are typically obtained by removing the liquid in silica gels under supercritical conditions. Several unique attributes such as extremely low thermal conductivity and low density make silica aerogels excellent candidates in the quest for thermal insulation materials used in space missions. However, native silica aerogels are fragile at relatively low stresses. More durable aerogels with higher strength and stiffness are obtained by proper selection of silane precursors and by reinforcement with polymers. This paper first presents a brief review of the literature on methods of silica aerogel reinforcement and then discusses our recent activities in improving not only the strength but also the elastic response of polymer-reinforced silica aerogels. Several alkyl-linked bis-silanes were used in promoting flexibility of the silica networks in conjunction with polymer reinforcement by epoxy.
A parallel high-order implicit algorithm for compressible Navier-Stokes equations

In recent years, direct numerical simulation (DNS) has become a powerful tool to study the stability and transition of compressible boundary layers. The difficulty in using explicit methods for DNS of hypersonic flow is the limitation of the temporal steps since the Navier-Stokes equations are stiff for explicit numerical schemes. Due to the progress in computer techniques in recent years, one way to overcome the limitation of small time steps in explicit method is by using distributed memory computers. However, a short marching step still can not be avoided during the computation due to stability limitation. Implicit method is considered to improve the efficiency of solving NavierStokes equations. In this paper, we extend our previous work to develop and validate the new high-order parallelized semi-implicit shock-fitting code solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Divide and conquer method is used as a start point for the solution of the big banded matrix. The new parallel semi-implicit code has been tested in solving a 2-D convection-diffusion model equation first. Efficiency and accuracy are studied. Several test cases, which include the numerical simulations of the stability of 3-D supersonic Couette flow, and hypersonic boundary layer receptivity to freestream acoustic waves over 3-D blunt wedge, are used to evaluated the efficiency and accuracy of the new parallelized code.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: a decade of experience.

The authors report their experience with adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma at Children’s Hospital Center and Sidney Farber Cancer Institute. Results of three studies showed a significant improvement in disease-free and overall survival rates over those of historical controls. Some aspects of the tumor that may affect the results of adjuvant therapy trials are also discussed, and experimental design factors that may resolve the controversy over the role of adjuvant chemotherapy are suggested.
Trauma and Latency in Primo Levi’s The Reawakening

Primo Levi’s second book, The Reawakening, describes his liberation from Auschwitz and his nine months as a “displaced person” as he waits and wanders through Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, finally returning home to Italy in October 1945. This memoir usually has been read as a spirited odyssey, or as a lively, picaresque account that affirms the value of community, or as the story of Levi’s metaphorical “rebirth” after the Holocaust.1 Gian-Paolo Biasin brings nuance to the conversation in saying that the book describes a journey “haunted by the memories of the horrors past … which project their long shadow over the whole narration.”2 I would go even further: the historical trauma of Auschwitz does not merely color Levi’s second memoir but dictates its form and, therefore, its meaning. That is to say, the structure of The Reawakening closely follows the three stages of trauma posited by Sigmund Freud, which I summarize here.3 First, there is the initial shock, which is so extreme and unexpected that the subject cannot immediately absorb its impact; then, there is the latency period, an interval of forgetfulness between the primary exposure and the appearance of pathological symptoms; and finally, there is the onset of recurring traumatic memories that may last a lifetime.
Rape Myth Acceptance among Social Work Students

ABSTRACTIt is important to examine rape myth acceptance and the pertinent situational factors that affect attitudes and beliefs concerning the act of rape, perpetrators, and survivors. This study examines the influence of alcohol consumption and perceptions of alcohol use on levels of rape myth acceptance among social work students. Results showed differences in levels of rape myth acceptance based on race or ethnicity and gender. Results also showed that the version of the vignette read by the participant was a significant predictor of rape myth acceptance. Respondents’ perceptions of alcohol consumption were also a strong predictor of rape myth acceptance levels. These results demonstrate there are multiple factors that influence social work students’ rape myth acceptance levels that need further examination.
Cons: Can liquid biopsy replace tissue biopsy?—the US experience

Development of new genotype-directed therapies has shifted a paradigm of treatment for advanced lung cancer patients.
Implications of estimating confidence intervals on group fuzzy decision making scores

We examine the implications of confidence intervals for the aggregated mean scores.Confidence intervals provide an interval where the rank may be valid.A case study was used to compare mean score ranks against confidence intervals.No statistical differences in many cases between the top two alternatives.Confidence intervals should be considered when aggregating group scores. Group multi-criteria decision making methodologies are widely used tools in a democratic environment. Previous research work in this field has been done by aggregating results of Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP). Further, elaboration of the group methodology has been done to include the fuzziness in the decision making environment in the AHP and ANP analysis. The current aggregation methods in group fuzzy AHP and group fuzzy ANP yield a certain rank-based best option among the available alternatives and criteria according to aggregated mean score method. This research introduces the concept of calculating standard deviation and 95% confidence interval on the aggregated mean score of group fuzzy AHP (GFAHP) and group fuzzy ANP (GFANP). The standard deviation suggests the deviance in the group decision making from the mean scores of the group, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) gives upper and lower CI of the mean score, thus providing the decision makers an interval where the ranks obtained may be valid instead of a single absolute rank. Tukey's HSD tests were done to show if the mean score of the alternatives were statistically significantly different from each other. The study uses Arrow's theorem as a guiding principle which helps in understanding and making decisions in a group fuzzy environment with multiple alternatives where ranking and choosing the alternatives may not always yield a single best choice of alternative. The concept of confidence interval on the group fuzzy decision making scores has been presented by comparing its implication on GFAHP and GFANP using a case study example of online purchase of cookware, perfume and a watches through shopping platforms, Amazon, Walmart and Macy's with male and female participants. An important implication of the study is presented by the results which show that in many instances the ranks of the alternatives are not statistically different from each other. This study acts as a foundation for future research where the methodology used can be combined with Delphi or other complex group argumentation methods to gain more meaningful outcomes in ranking alternatives.
A Retrospective Chart Review of the Hematologic Consequences of Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Roux-en-y gastric (RYGB) bypass surgery has become increasingly common as a procedure to control overweight/obesity. Due to the resulting bypass of significant amounts of gastric and duodenal mucosa, patients may develop anemia. We reviewed charts of 28 patients who had undergone RYGB surgery in the past 5 years who were referred to us for evaluation. Eighteen of these patients had no hematologic consequences as a result of the surgery. Five patients were anemic but were excluded because they had other causes for anemia than the bypass surgery: myeloma (1), pregnancy (1), breast cancer (1), and heavy menstruation (2). The remaining 5 patients however revealed hematologic abnormalities an average of approximately 23 months following RYGB surgery. In our retrospective chart review, we found anemia most commonly caused by iron deficiency although 1 patient had B12 deficiency, and we suggest periodic follow up of patients months to years after such surgery to screen for anemia from potential malabsorption of iron or B12 from this surgical alteration of gastrointestinal anatomy. | | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | |:----------------------------------------- | --------- | --------- | --------- | --------- | --------- | | Months since RYGB & first heme evaluation | 24 months | 28 months | 39 months | 11 months | 11 months | | Pre/Post Menopausal | pre | pre | pre | pre | pre | | Hemoglobin | 8 | 12.9 | 9.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | | B12 | 165 | 501 | 233 | 340 | 660 | | Ferritin | 14 | 9 | 7 | <1 | 5 | | Folate | 20.8 | >24.0 | 16.3 | 16.4 | >24.0 | | Creatinine | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | | WBC | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9 | 6.9 | 5.6 | | Platelets | 364 | 300 | 473 | 378 | 462 | | Reticulocyte Count | 1.00% | 1.30% | 1.20% | 1.30% | 1.30% |
Caregivers' Positive Emotional Expression and Children's Psychological Functioning After Parental Loss

The death of a loved one, particularly a parent, has been identified as not only the most common, but also the most distressing form of adversity youth may experience in their lifetime. Surviving caregivers’ communication with their children may play a critical role in shaping bereaved children’s psychological functioning. However, few studies have examined the specific content (e.g., word usage) of caregivers’ verbal communication as a predictor of psychological functioning in bereaved youth. In a sample of 39 parentally-bereaved children and their surviving caregivers, we investigated whether the frequency of caregivers’ use of positive emotion words (e.g., “love”, “happy”, “hope”) during a reminiscing task about the deceased was associated with children’s psychological functioning and coping. In a cross-sectional analysis, we specifically examined whether these associations were moderated by the amount of time passed since children lost their parents. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Program (LIWC) was used to code and evaluate the percentage of positive emotion words caregivers used during the discussion. When caregivers used more positive emotion words, children were less likely to experience depression, anxiety, and avoidant coping. Those associations were present for children who had experienced parental loss at least 105 days prior to the study.
The Common Dynamics of Psychiatric Therapies

To propose to psychiatrists that their diverse therapies have essentially similar dynamics is a Promethean* risk, since I am bound to have some eagle-eyed critic tear at the vitals of any such hubris.
GM2 overexpression in renal cell carcinoma: potential role in tumor induced immune dysfunction

5304 Previous reports from our laboratories and others suggested a role for tumor-derived gangliosides in tumor-induced immune dysfunction, a process that may impair the development of an effective immune response to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most predominant form of kidney cancer. Though there has been some isolated reports relating GM2 to tumor progression and metastasis, evidence suggesting a role for GM2 in mediating immune dysfunction in cancer patients is lacking. In this study we report a novel apoptotic function of RCC derived GM2 in mediating immune dysfunction in RCC patients. HPLC data is presented showing that GM2 expression is significantly increased in clear cell RCC tissue compared to normal adjacent tissue (9/16). The mass of GM2 was confirmed in gangliosides isolated from RCC tumors by mass spectrometry analyses (LC/ESI/MS/MS). Immunostaining with anti-GM2 antibody also revealed increased expression of GM2 in freshly cultured tumor cells versus adjacent normal cells. Real time PCR demonstrated increased expression of GM2 synthase mRNA in tumor over normal tissue. Gangliosides isolated from RCC tissue and RCC cell lines induced apoptosis of T cells as did co-culturing with RCC lines expressing GM2. Apoptosis of T cells was assessed by the TUNEL assay after 48 hours of incubation with gangliosides or tumor cells. Further, apoptosis of T cells induced by RCC derived gangliosides and RCC cell lines was blocked significantly with anti-GM2 antibody suggesting the potential role of GM2 in tumor induced immune dysfunction in RCC.
Robust GANs against Dishonest Adversaries

Robustness of deep learning models is a property that has recently gained increasing attention. We explore a notion of robustness for generative adversarial models that is pertinent to their internal interactive structure, and show that, perhaps surprisingly, the GAN in its original form is not robust. Our notion of robustness relies on a perturbed discriminator, or noisy, adversarial interference with its feedback. We explore, theoretically and empirically, the effect of model and training properties on this robustness. In particular, we show theoretical conditions for robustness that are supported by empirical evidence. We also test the effect of regularization. Our results suggest variations of GANs that are indeed more robust to noisy attacks and have more stable training behavior, requiring less regularization in general. Inspired by our theoretical results, we further extend our framework to obtain a class of models related to WGAN, with good empirical performance. Overall, our results suggest a new perspective on understanding and designing GAN models from the viewpoint of their internal robustness.
Breaking Down Barriers Between Undergraduate Computing Students and Users with Disabilities

One of the subthemes of the 2018 CWUAAT is “Breaking down barriers between people with impairments and those without impairments.” This chapter describes an innovative undergraduate class that has, over a 10-year period, broken down barriers between undergraduate computing students without disabilities and computer users with disabilities. The chapter discusses the need for teaching about ICT accessibility within the computing curriculum, and offers details on how to implement innovative approaches in an undergraduate class, including field trips, and one-to-one partnerships between students and computer users with disabilities outside of the university community.