cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competing coexistence models in medium-mass nuclei

Simple phenomenological two-state coexistence models have previously been developed to describe the ground state and some low-lying 0/sup +//sup '/ excited state in isotopic chains of even-even medium-mass nuclei. Specifically, these models allow for mixing between a basis ground state and a basis 0/sup +/ intruder state to form the wave functions for the physical ground state and 0/sup +//sup '/ excited state. The amount of data accounted for by these models is amazing, considering their simplicity. However, these two-state phenomenological models contain inconsistencies that have previously been overlooked. We point out some of these inconsistencies and emphasize that they can be removed by a slight generalization of the two-state coexistence model, without destroying agreement between data and model predictions.
12- and 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Are Excreted in the Urine of Peroxisome-Deficient Patients: Evidence for Peroxisomal Metabolism in Vivo

To determine the importance of peroxisomes and mitochondria in hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) oxidation in vivo, urinary excretion of 12- and 15-HETE was measured in eight patients with a peroxisome deficiency disorder (Zellweger syndrome) showing normal mitochondrialβ-oxidation capacity, in three patients with a defect of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation (long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency), and in eight healthy subjects. 12- and 15-HETE were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and specific RIA. The free compounds were found exclusively in the urine of peroxisome-deficient subjects (12-HETE: median 26 pg/mL, range 17-36 pg/mL; 15-HETE: median 40 pg/mL, range 29-61 pg/mL), whereas both compounds were below the detection limit (<0.5 pg/mL) in the urine of patients with defective mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation and normal subjects (p < 0.002). These results implicate that peroxisomes are the main cellular organelle responsible for HETE oxidationin vivo. Analysis of HETE excretion in urine represents an additional new specific diagnostic tool in patients with Zellweger syndrome.
Emergent computation and the modeling and management of ecological systems

Abstract This paper introduces the emergent computational paradigm, discusses its applicability and potential in ecosystem management, and reviews the literature. Emergent computation is significantly different from the “classic” computational paradigm, where control is top-down and centralized. In emergent systems, overall system dynamics emerge from the local interactions of independent agents. In such systems, overall global control is minimized or eliminated altogether. Applications in ecosystem management include use of “artificial ecosystems” as surrogate experimental systems, and genetics-based machine learning systems to evolve management rule-sets for complex domains. Cellular automata, neural networks, genetic algorithms and classifier systems are discussed as examples of the emergent approach. Finally, an in-depth literature review of artificial ecosystems is provided.
Rheology of coal/waste coprocessing mixtures

Abstract The economical recycling of waste materials to produce liquid fuel feedstocks is being investigated. Particular emphasis at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) has been given to coal/waste coprocessing. Coal/waste coprocessing represents the conversion, into fuels and higher value products, of coal with a combination of any or all of the following: plastics, rubber, heavy oil, waste oil and paper. This study focuses on the theology of various mixtures of coal, plastics, rubber and oil in order to facilitate their pumping in coal/waste coprocessing continuous units. The theological properties of these mixtures determine their pumpability and the feed system requirements for the slurries. The viscosities of coal/waste mixtures were measured at various temperatures and shear rates. It was noted that these mixtures had non-Newtonian flow properties, hence their viscosities were a strong function of shear rate. The relative amounts of coal, plastics (and plastics type), rubber and oil were varied in order to evaluate their effect on apparent viscosity. A bench-scale continuous unit was used to evaluate the pumpability of slurries that represent mixtures that may be used in coal/waste coprocessing.
Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Rifaximin for Persistent Symptoms in Patients with Celiac Disease

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is one cause of a poor response to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and persistent symptoms in celiac disease. Rifaximin has been reported to improve symptoms in non-controlled trials. To determine the effect of rifaximin on gastrointestinal symptoms and lactulose-hydrogen breath tests in patients with poorly responsive celiac disease. A single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease and persistent gastrointestinal symptoms despite a GFD was conducted. Patients were randomized to placebo (n = 25) or rifaximin (n = 25) 1,200 mg daily for 10 days. They completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and underwent lactulose-hydrogen breath tests at weeks 0, 2, and 12. An abnormal breath test was defined as: (1) a rise in hydrogen of ≥20 parts per million (ppm) within 100 min, or (2) two peaks ≥20 ppm over baseline. GSRS scores were unaffected by treatment with rifaximin, regardless of baseline breath tests. In a multivariable regression model, the duration of patients’ gastrointestinal symptoms significantly predicted their overall GSRS scores (estimate 0.029, p < 0.006). According to criteria 1 and 2, respectively, SIBO was present in 55 and 8% of patients at baseline, intermittently present in 28 and 20% given placebo, and 28 and 12% given rifaximin. There was no difference in the prevalence of SIBO between placebo and treatment groups at weeks 2 and 12. Rifaximin does not improve patients’ reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms and hydrogen breath tests do not reliably identify who will respond to antibiotic therapy.
Block Copolymerizations of Vinyl Acetate by Combination of Conventional and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Four different methods of block copolymerization, combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and conventional radical polymerization, were studied. The first two methods employed azo compounds containing activated halogen atoms. 2,2‘-Azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-(4-chloromethylbenzoyloxy)ethyl)propionamide] (AMCBP) was used to initiate the polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) at 90 °C. The resulting pVAc with a Cl terminal group (Mn = 47 900; Mw/Mn = 2.21) was subsequently used as a macroinitiator for styrene (St) to yield pVAc-b-pSt (Mn = 91 600; Mw/Mn = 1.80). In the second method, 2,2‘-azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl)propionamide] (AMBEP) was first used to polymerize n-butyl acrylate (BA) at 30 °C in the presence of CuBr/tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6-TREN). The pBA (Mn = 7500; Mw/Mn = 1.15) with the preserved central azo unit was dissolved in VAc and extended to a block copolymer (Mn = 41 800; Mw/Mn = 3.56). Alternatively, ATRP has been combined with a redox initiated syst...
Contributions of the retrosplenial and posterior parietal cortices to cue-specific and contextual fear conditioning

The retrosplenial cortex (RSP) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) are the primary sources of cortical sensory input to the postrhinal cortex (POR) in rodents. Together, these areas compose a major corticohippocampal circuit that is involved in processing visuospatial information. The POR has been implicated in contextual learning and memory, consistent with the type of information presumably being processed by this region. By comparison, little is known about the role of the RSP or the PPC in contextual learning. In the present study, rats were trained either before or after surgery in a standard signaled fear conditioning task in which an auditory cue was paired with foot shock. Contextual fear and tone-specific fear were assessed in subsequent test sessions. In Experiment 1, electrolytic damage to the RSP either before or immediately after training impaired the expression of contextual fear but not tone-specific fear. In contrast, electrolytic damage to the PPC had no effect on conditional fear to the context or the tone in Experiment 2. These findings indicate that the RSP, but not the PPC, contributes to the processing of contextual information by the POR corticohippocampal processing stream.
Fractional excretion of sodium after renal transplantation.

Fractional excretion of sodium after renal transplantation. After renal transplantation low urinary sodium concentration (U Na ) has been used to diagnose acute rejection (AR), for the early phase of AR is often associated with reduced renal perfusion. Early postoperative graft failure without low U Na favors the diagnosis of ischemic tubular damage (ATN). As fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FE Na ) better reflects glomerulotubular balance in renal sodium handling, FE Na was analyzed during the first 2 weeks in 118 renal allografts. From data on 41 transplants with good early renal function (GEF), a temporal profile of FE Na was obtained and used to evaluate the behavior of FF Na by means of standardized FE Na (z score). Individual subjects followed their own profile with a small deviation (Δz 1.5 for 2 days), an average of 2.6 days before the first rise in serum creatinine concentration; 15 responded to treatment. The difference between these two groups was significant (P Na was significantly higher than it was in the GEF group as early as the first posttransplantation day and approached normal as the renal function recovered. This behavior of FE Na was clearly different from that in AR. Excretion fractionnelle du sodium apres transplantation renale. Apres transplantation renale une concentration urinaire de sodium (U Na ) faible est consideree comme un signe de rejet aigu (AR), du fait que la phase precoce du rejet est souvent associee a une diminution du debit renal. L'echec precoce d'une greffe sans abaissement de U Na est en faveur d'une tubulopathie ischemique (ATN). Puisque l'excretion fractionnelle du sodium filtre (FE Na ) est le meilleur reflet de l'equilibre glomerulo-tubulaire concernant le sodium, FE Na a ete etudiee pendant les 2 premieres semaines d'evolution de 118 allogreffes renales. A partir de l'observation de 41 transplants ayant eu un bon fonctionnement precoce (GEF) un profil de FE Na en fonction du temps a ete obtenu et utilise pour evaluer le comportement de FE Na au moyen d'une FE Na standardisee (test z). Les sujets ont suivi leur propre profil avec une deviation faible (Δz 1,5 par 2 jours), 2,6 jours en moyenne avant la premiere augmentation de la creatinine; quinze ont repondu au traitement. La difference entre ces deux groupes est significative (P Na etait significativement plus elevee que dans le groupe GEF des le premier jour apres la transplantation et revenait vers la normale au fur et a mesure que la fonction renale s'ameliorait. Ce comportement de FE Na est nettement different de celui observe dans les rejets aigus.
Lipid reserves of the brown water snake Nerodia taxispilota

Abstract 1. 1. Lipid stores of the brown water snake (Nerodia taxispilota) varied seasonally with reserves increasing before ovulation in females and prior to hibernation in both sexes. 2. 2. Gravid females had greater lipid reserves than either males or nongravid females of equal size. 3. 3. Relative lipid content of fat bodies increased with weight of fat bodies; small fat bodies had low lipid content while large fat bodies were more than 98% lipid. 4. 4. Mass of fat bodies was an accurate predictor of energy content of fat bodies; however, small masses provided inaccurate estimates since little of the fat body actually was lipid.
Prediction of Residual Stresses in an Autofrettaged Thick–Walled Cylinder

Abstract : Most of the earlier results for residual stresses are based on the assumption of elastic unloading. In this report, the prediction of residual stresses for the case of reverse yielding including the combined Baushinger and hardening effect will be reported for an autofrettaged thick-walled cylinder. The Bauschinger effect factor is varying as a function of overstrain. The strain-hardening effect is considered with different parameters used for loading and unloading process. The new results indicate that the influence of the combined Bauschinger and hardening effect on residual stress distribution is significant.
International Student Demand for Higher Education in the United States.

Foreign students have been attending colleges and universities in the United States at rapidly increasing rates since the late 1960s. Due particularly to demographic changes and cost considerations, U.S. universities have accepted and grown somewhat dependent on these foreign students. This raises the questions of what caused the increased international demand for U.S. education and will that demand continue to grow? We attempt here to provide a theoretical model of educational demand and to test the model employing both time series and cross-sectional data. First, we give background information and a brief literature survey; then we develop the model. Next, we test the model by examining the time series evidence. We then present cross-sectional findings employing the Zellner SUR technique. The paper concludes with policy implications.
An Energy-Efficient Water-Filling Algorithm for OFDM Systems

In this paper, we develop an energy-efficient power allocation algorithm for the parallel channels of an OFDM system. This algorithm provides the optimum solution to a nonlinear fractional program involving an objective function called \textit{energy-per- goodbit} (EPG). The EPG objective function models the impact of both transmit power and constant circuit power consumption. The energy minimization problem formulation is quite general and subsumes both maximize rate (MR) and maximize margin (MM) problems as specific cases. As a result, the energy efficiency viewpoint provides a convenient and unified perspective of the various water-filling solutions. Using a numerical example, we show that the energy-efficient solution is quite different from the MM or MR solutions and can provide several dBs of performance improvement. We also study the impact of rounding to discrete constellation sizes.
Rapid photoactivated hydrosilation polymerization of vinyldimethylsilane

The complex bis(acetylacetonato)platinum(II) is inactive in the dark but forms a highly reactive hydrosilation catalyst upon irradiation with near-UV light. Vinyldimethylsilane is polymerized with it. Poly[(dimethyl)vinylsilane] is the major product; minor components consist of the dimers 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-1,3-disilacyclopentane and 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-disilacyclohexane and oligomers. After photoactivation the catalyst remains reactive for an indefinite period of time with hydride and vinyl polymer end-groups, thus the molecular weight of the major product increased from 5500 g/mol (Mw) shortly after irradiation to 12300 g/mol in six months due to end-linking of polymer chains. Photoactivation of the catalyst and the subsequent step polymerization reaction are unaffected by dissolved air.
RU-486 can abolish glucocorticoid-induced increases in CSF-1 receptor expression in primary human breast carcinoma specimens.

OBJECTIVE: We present the results of the application of organ culture techniques previously described in this journal to the study of steroid hormone responsiveness of primary breast carcinoma specimens.METHODS AND RESULTS: Nearly all breast carcinomas that express macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1R (CSF-IR) at tissue harvest (15 of 18) had levels of CSF-1R expression lowered after incubation in steroid-free media. The decrease in CSF-1R expression was reversed by treatment with glucocorticoids; this glucocorticoid-induced increase in CSF-1R expression can be blocked by mifepristone (RU-486), a competitive inhibitor of glucocorticoid action.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that steroid hormone responsiveness of primary breast carcinomas can be assayed in vitro, a result which can not only be employed to better predict the responsiveness of breast carcinomas to therapies with steroid hormone agonists and antagonists, but also suggests that the therapeutic utility of mifepristone in breast cancer ...
Determination of concentrations and ionization energies of imperfections in degenerate InSb films

Abstract A model is presented for analyzing the results of temperature dependent carrier concentration measurements in degenerate n-type InSb in order to determine the concentration and ionization energies of both shallow and deep trap states. Experimental data on evaporated InSb films as well as from our own sputter- deposited InSb films were fitted very well with the present model. In both cases the results indicated two deep trap levels at energies of 0.025 and 0.085 eV below the conduction band as well as a net concentration of shallow donors with ionization energies less than 0.001 eV. The concentrations of these levels varied with film growth conditions.
Development of a parametric down-conversion source for two-photon absorption experiments

ABSTRACT We describe a ber-coupled parametric down-conversion (PDC) source designed for entanglement-enhanced two-photon absorption experiments. The key feature of the source is a narrowband ( 1 MHz) UV diode pumpinglaser which can be tuned to match the energy of the 5 S 1 / 2 to 5 D 5 / 2 two-photon transition in Rubidium. Theweak narrowband pumping beam is delivered to the PDC crystal through a single-mode ber, which allows thesource to be pre-aligned with a much stronger broadband auxiliary pump laser. The motivation for this PDCsource lies within the context of Linear Optics Quantum Computing and Quantum Zeno Gates.Keywords: parametric down-conversion, two-photon absorption, quantum Zeno Gates 1. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION It has recently been shown 1 that the failures inherent in probabilistic Linear Optics Quantum Computing (LOQC)logic gates 2 can be overcome by using the quantum Zeno eect. This results in the possibility of implementingdeterministic Zeno Gates, which may oer a number of advantages for quantum information processing withsingle-photon qubits.
Influence of chorionic gonadotrophin on brain amine levels in male rats.

Chorionic gonadotrophin did not influence brain amine levels significantly in control animals. Hypophysectomized rats treated with chorionic gonadotrophin showed nonsignificantly elevated levels of brain amines. Castration of male rats resulted in significant decreases in brain amine levels (p<0.005). Castrated rats treated with chorionic gonadotrophin showed no significant changes in brain amine levels.
Influence of diet of double-crested cormorants on thiamine, lead, and mineral contents of their eggs

ABSTRACT Throughout much of the Great Lakes basin, reproduction of several fish species is impaired by deficiency of thiamine in their eggs, an effect attributed to consumption of thiaminase-containing forage species, primarily alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus.) Because the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting on islands in Lake Ontario is known to consume considerable amounts of alewife, we examined cormorant food habits and measured thiamine content in eggs collected in 1999 from six separate nests of cormorants from colonies near Lake Ontario and contrasted them with food habits and eggs of cormorants from Oneida Lake where the alewife is rare. Thiamine concentrations in eggs varied between 4.31 and 11.24 nmoleslg with no significant (P>0.18) difference between mean concentrations for Lake Ontario and Oneida Lake (8.08 vs 8.36 nmoles/g) even though alewife comprised approximately 65 vs 0 % of their diets, respectively. Consumption of other thiaminase-containing species was minor in bot...
PREDICTORS OF PERFORMANCE IN A FIELD-BASED COUNSELOR EDUCATION PROGRAM '

Sztmmary.- The study investigated variables predicting graduate counselor-trainee academic achievement and professional competence attained in a field-based counselor education program. The variables were the 15 needs from the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, dogmatism as measured by the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, and analytic thinking measured by the Miller Analogies Test, all three instruments administered at time of program entrance, as well as level of counselor preparation selected by trainees at entrance and sex. Performance of 81 trainees, 41 women and 40 men, was analyzed. Four predictors-sex, preparation level selected, analytic thinking ability, and need for affiliation-made significant, unique contributions to the explanation of 28% of the variance in academic achievement. Preparation level selected made a sigruf~cant, unique contribution to the explanation of 11% of the variance in professional competence attained. 57.5% of the men compared to 41.5% of the women selected the basic plus advanced preparation level rather than the basic preparation level only. Trainees selecting the basic level had significantly higher analytic thinking ab~lity and were significantly higher in needs for Achievement and Heterosexuality. Trainees selecting the basic plus advanced level were significantly higher in needs for Deference and Order. Men were significantly higher in need for Achievement and in Dogmatism. Women were significantly higher in academic achievement in the counselor-education program. Complexities in the relationships among characteristics of counselor trainees and of counselor training were discussed. Research on the prediction of performance of counselor-trainees is needed in which the focus of study is on the interactions between trainees' ability and personality characteristics and the curriculum and environmental variables in counselor education programs.
Aerospace applications of soft computing and interval computations (with an emphasis on simulation and modeling)

This paper presents a brief overview of our research in applications of soft computing and interval computations to aerospace problems, with a special emphasis on simulation and modeling.
An external device for management of male urinary incontinence

Abstract Deficiencies of presently available external male urinary incontinence appliances have led to the development of the device described herein. The device applies intermittent pressure about the anterior penis with force concentration on ventral surface, transmitting occlusive force to urethra. Healthy volunteer evaluation has shown no observable loss to tissue viability or vascular impairment to the distal penis following device application.
Dioxins, dibenzofurans, dioxin-like PCBs, and DDE in U.S. fast food, 1995

Food, especially dairy products, meat, and fish, is the primary source of environmental exposure to dioxins in the general population. Little data exists on dioxin levels in the popular and widely consumed “fast foods”. Data presented in a previously published pilot study was limited to measuring only the levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in three types of U.S. fast food. This study adds to the previous paper by presenting data, in addition to dioxins and dibenzofurans, on the closely related dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the persistent metabolite of DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), in four types of popular U.S. fast food. These include McDonald's Big Mac Hamburger®, Pizza Hut's Personal Pan Pizza Supreme®, Kentucky Fried Chicken® (KFC) three piece original recipe mixed dark and white meat luncheon package, and Haagen-Daz® chocolate-chocolate chip ice cream. Dioxin plus dibenzofuran dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 TEQ pg/g wet or whole weight for the Big Mac, from 0.03 to 0.29 for the Pizza, from 0.01 to 0.31 for the KFC, and from 0.03 to 0.49 TEQ pg/g for the ice cream. Daily TEQ consumption per kilogram body weight (kg/BW), assuming an average 65 kg adult and a 20 kg child, from one serving of each of these fast food ranged between 0.046 and 1.556 pg/kg in adults whereas in children the values were between 0.15 and 5.05 pg/kg. Total measured PCDD/Fs in the Big Mac, Personal Pan Pizza, KFC, and the Haagen-Daz ice cream varied from 0.58 to 9.31 pg/g. Measured DDE levels in the fast foods ranged from 180 to 3170 pg/g. Total mono-ortho PCB levels ranged up to 500 pg/g or 1.28 TEQ pg/g for the KFC and for di-ortho PCBs up to 740 pg/g or 0.014 TEQ pg/g for the pizza sample. Total PCB values in the four samples ranged up to 1170 pg/g or 1.29 TEQ pg/g for the chicken sample.
Nucleation and growth of silicon nitride nanoneedles using microwave plasma heating

We report on needlelike silicon nitride nanowires grown on silicon using ammonia microwave plasma heating. Scanning electron microscope reveals that the nanoneedles are either straight, slightly bent, or kinked with sharp tips. Transmission electron microscope shows that the sizes of the nanowire tips are less than 5 nm and the structures are well crystallized. X-ray diffraction on the surface of the as-deposited structures indicates that both α-silicon nitride and β-silicon nitride exist. Catalyst particle splitting and merging explain observed structure derivation and bending. A vapor–liquid–solid model is employed to explain nucleation and growth mechanism.
Influence of an optically thick water layer on the bond‐strength of composite resin to dental enamel after IR laser ablation

Background and Objectives: Several studies of hard tissue ablation with Er:YAG lasers have shown that the addition of an optically thick water layer (� 1 mm) added to the surface of dental enamel before each incident laser pulse, profoundly influences the rate and efficiency of ablation and the resulting surface morphology. The objective of this study was the determination of laser parameters which result in clinically useful bond strengths without the need for phosphoric acid etching. The hypothesis to be tested was that laser irradiation through a relatively thick layer of water would result in a surface to which composite could be bonded with bond strength similar to surfaces etched with phosphoric acid. This hypothesis is predicated on the assumption that the water prevents the formation of nonapatite calcium phosphate phases on the enamel surface. Materials and Methods: In this study, a calibrated syringe pump and a motion control system were used to uniformly treat flat enamel surfaces using free-running Er:YAG laser pulses with and without water, and 9.6 mm CO2 laser pulses on a dry surface for comparison. The rate of water delivery that resulted in the most efficient ablation was determined by profiling the resulting laser incisions using optical coherence tomography. In addition, enamel surfaces of 5 � 5m m 2 were uniformly treated and the resulting surface morphology was examined using synchrotron radiation-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR), and optical and electron microscopy. The influence of the modified surface morphology on the adhesion of composite resin was investigated. Results: The shear-bond strength of composite bonded to enamel surfaces irradiated at intensities clinically relevant for caries removal approached values measured for conventional acid etching when the water delivery rate was optimized. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that composite restorative materials can be directly bonded to laser prepared surfaces without the necessity of further surface preparation and acid etching and that the addition of a thick water layer (� 1 mm) prevents the formation of undesirable CaP phases that compromise adhesion to restorative materials. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:264–269, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Traumatic Huge Acute Subdural Hematoma of the Posterior Fossa in a Child

Acute subdural hematoma of the posterior fossa is rare, occupying 0.5% to 1.6% of all acute subdural hematomas. In children, it is extremely rare. There has been only 11 cases reported in the literature, excluding neonatal cases. Herein a case was reported of an acute subdural hematoma of the posterior fossa in a child who survived after an emergent surgical exploration. A 6-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident. She fell to the ground, hitting the left occipital region. After a semi-lucid interval several hours, her consciousness deteriorated and she was brought to the hospital. On examination, the patient was comatose, and showed decerebrate posture with bilateral pin-point pupils. Computed tomography scan revealed a huge hematoma which occupied the left posterior fossa and moderate obstructive hydrocephalus. A left suboccipital emergency craniectomy was performed, and an occipital bone fracture was confirmed. Then, subdural hematoma was confirmed, which seemed to be caused by bleeding from a cerebellar cortical small artery. Most of the clots were removed, and hemostasis was achieved. The postoperative course was favourable. The patient became alert 2 weeks later, and was discharged with a very mild ataxic gait 2 months later. No post-traumatic hydrocephalus is seen as yet.
Suspense and Advertising Responses

Suspense is a cognitive and emotional reaction that is evoked by time-dependent structural characteristics of an unfolding dramatic narrative. Suspense within narratives is defined and its structural antecedents, based on characteristics of suspense that have been studied within the context of film and fiction, are identified. Results of three studies offer evidence that suspenseful commercials can be identified and discriminated from other types of commercials. As they watch, viewers of suspenseful commercials show a combination of hope and fear emotional responses. A parameter of online hope and fear responses is positively correlated with attitude toward the ad for suspenseful, but not for nonsuspenseful, commercials. Perceptions of suspense-related characteristics predict attitude toward the ad for suspenseful commercials, but are 1 of several predictors for nonsuspenseful commercials. A negative aspect of suspenseful commercials is that there is less brand–content integration.
A C0 triangular plate element with one‐point quadrature

On developpe un element de plaque triangulaire du type de Mindlin qui utilise des champs lineaires pour les rotations et les deflexions transversales. L'element ne necessite qu'un seul point de quadrature ce qui est tres interessant pour l'analyse non lineaire
An operational transconductance amplifier in 0.18/spl mu/m SOI

An operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) using three cascaded comparator stages is presented in 180nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) technology processed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Each comparator stage used 14 transistors with close to minimum aspect ratios. The OTA is self-biasing without the need for external bias circuitry, and provides a rail to rail input common mode range. The use of deep submicron and FDSOI technology provides for an open loop gain of 64.5dB, unity gain bandwidth product of 2.27 GHz using an actual area of only 860 mum2
Antiarrhythmic Effects of Statins in Heart Failure

In vitro heart failure models indicate that statins may be antiarrhythmic, but the mechanisms by which statins are antiarrhythmic are not completely understood. Several retrospective and post hoc analysis studies also indicate that statins can be antiarrhythmic in heart failure populations, but this was not confirmed by a recent large prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Ongoing and future clinical trials will likely resolve the discrepancies between studies and further the understanding of how pleiotropic properties of statins can be antiarrhythmic in patients who have heart failure.
793 THE “ON-CALL” SCHEDULE AND PERFORMANCE IN THE INTRAINING EXAM OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF PEDIATRICS

793 THE “ON-CALL” SCHEDULE AND PERFORMANCE IN THE INTRAINING EXAM OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF PEDIATRICS
Tritium labelled (±)‐7‐chloro‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine (SCH23390)

The antipsychotic drug, SCH23390, once thought to be the first selective D1 dopamine antagonist, is now believed to possibly produce its profound antidopaminergic and antipsychotic effects via molecular sites that involve recognition characteristics similar to, or are a subpopulation of the D1 dopamine receptors. Tritium labelled SCH23390 has been prepared in our laboratory by palladium catalyezed reductive aryl debromination of a brominated precursor with carrier free tritium gas in THF. The product is labelled in the 9-position of the benzazepine ring and a specific activity of 5.6 Ci/mmole was obtained.
Mechanomyographic responses to concentric isokinetic muscle contractions

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of velocity of contraction on the mechanomyographic (MMG) responses to maximal concentric isokinetic leg extension movements. Eight adult males [mean (SD) age, 22.3 (1.3) years] performed maximal leg extensions on a calibrated Cybex 6000 dynamometer at velocities of 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360° · s−1. MMG responses were detected by a piezoelectric recording device placed over the vastus lateralis muscle. Intraclass reliability correlations ranged from R = 0.84 to 0.97 and from 0.90 to 0.99 for peak torque and MMG amplitude values, respectively, with no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the mean values for test versus retest at any contraction velocity. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in peak torque at all velocities except 240 [135 (27) Nm] versus 300 [127 (27) Nm], and 300 versus 360° · s−1 [115 (37) Nm]. The mean MMG amplitude at 60° · s−1 [61 (67) mV] was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that at 360° · s−1 [452 (451) mV]. These results indicate a velocity-related dissociation between MMG amplitude and peak torque. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that the increases in MMG amplitude were due to velocity-related decreases in muscle stiffness which allowed for greater muscle fiber oscillations.
Preventing the misuse of microorganisms: the role of the American Society for Microbiology in protecting against biological weapons.

The American Society for Microbiology's (ASM) involvement with issues surrounding biological weapons began during World War II and continues to the present time. The Public and Scientific Affairs Board (PSAB) of the ASM has played an important role in monitoring and responding to legislative and regulatory issues involving biological weapons. As this review makes apparent, there is no consensus of opinion among scientists on their role in biological defense research, or is it likely that there will ever be complete agreement. There is consensus that steps should be taken to prevent biological warfare and that openness of scientific research and global surveillance of disease outbreaks can significantly increase transparency for detecting development of biological weapons. The ASM recommends increased attention to and efforts directed toward global surveillance of disease outbreaks, not only to aid public health organizations in improving human health, but also to establish baseline data against which unus...
Immunological studies in tropical spastic paraparesis.

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and other chronic-progressive myelopathies have been clearly associated with increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). However, little is known about the cellular immune function in TSP. In the present study, activated T lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of patients with TSP. Specifically, there were increased numbers of large CD3+ cells that also expressed HLA-DR and interleukin-2–receptor molecules. A significantly elevated spontaneous lymphoproliferative response was demonstrated in all patients tested. Generation of measles virus–specific cytotoxic T-cell response was reduced in 4 of 4 patients. This was similar to previous findings in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, unlike multiple sclerosis, reduced generation of cytotoxic T-cell response to influenza and mumps viruses was observed in 2 of 4 patients. These observations confirm further the strong association between TSP and an HTLV-I–like virus and suggest that the observed abnormalities of the cellular immune response in TSP are related to infection of lymphocytes by the retrovirus.
Enteropneust production of spiral fecal trails on the deep-sea floor observed with time-lapse photography

Photographs of the deep-sea floor not infrequently show conspicuous spiral fecal trails, sometimes with an enteropneust hemichordate at the leading end. Here, we report on the dynamics of enteropneust trail production and disappearance at an abyssal station. A time-lapse camera deployed in the abyssal NE Pacific (Station M, 4100 m depth) photographed the same field of view at hourly intervals for 4 months in 2001–2002. Fortuitously, the final 10 days of the time-lapse sequence showed an enteropneust (of an undescribed species) abruptly appear in the field of view and spend 39 h foraging and producing a clockwise, four-whorl spiral fecal trail before ascending off the sea floor. The selection of the foraging site was not obviously influenced by previous biological or sedimentation processes observed in the time-lapse photographs over the 3-month period prior to the enteropneust arrival. After departure of the enteropneust, the fecal trail degraded rapidly over the remaining 8.5 days of the deployment. In an ancillary analysis of 52 camera sled transects over a 15-year period (1989–2004) at Station M, the photographs revealed that the same enteropneust species was present in small numbers through the 1990s but increased four-fold in abundance between 2002 and 2004. Similarly, the number and length of fecal trials increased over the same period. We were unsuccessful in collecting any of these enteropneusts in a semi-balloon trawl routinely towed behind the camera sled, presumably because of their fragility.
Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Hydrogels with Proteolytically Degradable Cross-Links

Hydrogels composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylic acid (AAc) were prepared by redox polymerization with peptide cross-linkers to create an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) amenable for testing hypotheses regarding cell proliferation and migration in three dimensions. Peptide degradable cross-linkers were synthesized by the acrylation of the amine groups of glutamine and lysine residues within peptide sequences potentially cleavable by matrix metalloproteinases synthesized by mammalian cells (e.g., osteoblasts). With the peptide cross-linker, loosely cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)] hydrogels were prepared, and their phase transition behavior, lower critical solution temperature (LCST), water content, and enzymatic degradation properties were investigated. The peptide-cross-linked P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels were pliable and fluidlike at room temperature and could be injected through a small-diameter aperture. The LCST of peptide-cross-linked hydrogel was influenced by the monomer ratio of NIPAAm/AAc but not by cross-linking density within the polymer network. A peptide-cross-linked hydrogel with a 97/3 molar ratio of NIPAAm/AAc exhibited a LCST of approximately 34.5 degrees C. Swelling was influenced by NIPAAm/AAc monomer ratio, cross-linking density, and swelling media; however, all hydrogels maintained more than 90% water even at 37 degrees C. In enzymatic degradation studies, breakdown of the peptide-cross-linked P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels was dependent on both the concentration of collagenase and the cross-linking density. These results suggest that peptide-cross-linked P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels can be tailored to create environmentally-responsive artificial extracellular matrixes that are degraded by proteases.
LUMINAL DIGESTION OF TRANSFERRIN IN SUCKLING AND WEANLING RATS

Transferrins (TF) are major milk whey proteins which may function in iron absorption, protection against infection, and cell growth in the gastrointestinal tract. Their potential to perform such roles is dependent upon the degree to which they survive digestion within the gastrointestinal lumen. To evaluate the development of luminal digestion of TF, we measured the hydrolysis of 125I-human TF incubated in vitro with fluid flushed from the stomach and small intestine of 12-day old suckling and 31-day old weanling rats, followed by analysis of radioactivity soluble in trichloroacetic acid. In the stomach, TF degradation at pH 3.2 was minimal in the suckling but increased greater than 20-fold by the time of weaning. In the small intestine at neutral pH, the rate of TF hydrolysis was 10-fold greater in the weanling than in the suckling; in both age groups peak degradative capacity was observed in the mid-jejunum. Corticosteroid administration to suckling rats increased TF hydrolysis in all gastrointestinal segments. We conclude that luminal TF digestion increases with weaning in the rat and that degradative capacity for this protein may be precociously increased by corticosteroids.
Beauty or the Beast? The Effects of Appearance, Personality, and Issue Information on Evaluations of Political Candidates

Two studies investigated the effects of image and issue information on evaluations of political candidates. The extent to which voters base their evaluations on stereotypic image information (i.e., candidates' physical attractiveness) and nonstereotypic image information (i.e., individuating personality descriptions of the candidates) was examined. Also of interest were the factors that lead to image-based, as opposed to issue-based, evaluations of the candidates. Results demonstrated that (a) physical appearance influenced evaluations even when individuating personality information was provided, (b) subjects' evaluations were less influenced by their agreement with the candidates' issue positions when image information was presented than when it was not, and (c) subjects' evaluations were less influenced by issue agreement when a candidate's image was evaluatively mixed than when it was evaluatively consistent.
Management of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients With Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Aims. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) remain at high risk for the development of posttransplant renal thrombosis without the benefit of anticoagulation therapy. This study describes the clinical management of these high-risk patients on anticoagulation therapy. Methods. In this study period, 802 patients awaiting renal transplantation were screened for APAS. Twenty-seven of these patients (3%) had APAS. Of these 27, nine patients received cadaveric kidney transplants along with 409 patients who did not have APAS. Of the nine patients, seven were treated with coumadin and the remaining two were treated with heparin. Results. Of the seven patients treated with coumadin, five did not have thrombotic complications posttransplant. However, three of these patients were taken off coumadin due to bleeding complications at 6 months to 1 year posttransplant. They all returned to dialysis shortly thereafter. The remaining two patients have maintained their allografts on coumadin therapy for 3 and 5 years posttransplants. The other two patients had posttransplant renal thrombosis within 24 hours of their transplant despite coumadin therapy. Of the two patients treated with heparin, one is doing well at 6 years posttransplant while the other had early allograft loss due to thrombosis. Conclusions. ESRD patients with APAS may benefit from anticoagulation therapy; however, early allograft loss and bleeding complication are two serious side effects of this therapy.
Training psychiatric residents in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in mentally retarded persons

A serious shortage of psychiatrists trained to care for mentally retarded patients exists. Based on a successful program that has been in place for more than a decade, the authors offer guidelines for training psychiatric residents in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in mentally retarded persons. They describe a model curriculum and suggest ways to modify existing four-year curricula. Special diagnostic skills for working with this population, such as posing questions in concrete terms and ruling out the effects of disabilities like seizure disorders, are reviewed. Important treatment issues include knowing the side effects of neuroleptics and understanding the stages through which families and other caregivers pass in accepting a person's mental retardation.
A case of exuberant cutaneous lymphomagenesis in the setting of chronic patch mycosis fungoides.

Patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) are at increased risk of a second malignant neoplasm, especially lymphoma.1 We report a sexagenarian with a 14-year history of patch MF, stage IB, who had intravascular cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and cutaneous composite lymphoma (CL) of B-cell and T-cell origin in sequential series as late complications.
Reducing interference among vector accesses in interleaved memories

Memory interference occurs when two or more concurrent data requests are addressed to the same main memory bank. In vector superconductors, this problem is serious due to the periodic interaction among vectors accesses, and can significantly reduce memory bandwidth and overall system performance. Two techniques can be used to reduce the effects of memory interference. First, vector data can be placed in the main memory such that, when accessed concurrently, the vectors do not interfere with one another. Second, buffers can be used at the memory banks to hold conflicting requests and to allow vector streams to continue to access other banks. Conditions for arbitrary numbers of vector streams to access an interleaved memory system without conflict are derived. It is shown that when three or more vector streams must be accessed concurrently, vector data placement to avoid conflicts becomes increasingly difficult, and that bank buffers can be effective under these conditions in increasing the effective memory bandwidth. >
The Effects of Parenthood on the Career Orientation and Job Characteristics of Young Adults

Scholars of sex differentials in attainment in the labor market have long looked to the effect of the division of labor in the family--especially childbearing and rearing--as 1 of these source differentials. This paper assesses the effects of 1st birth on the career orientation and job characteristics of young adult males and females using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. It examines the hypothesis that those who become parents differ in their views of work even prior to the pregnancy that produces the 1st birth and that parenthood produces changes in career orientation over and above those existing before. The authors also examine the average job characteristics of employed mothers and fathers to assess changes in these around the 1st birth. Results show that mothers differ from nonmothers in several key respects prior to the pregnancy and that the 1st birth results in further changes. For men there is no evidence of initial differences between those who become fathers and those who do not and the authors find effects of parenthood only for general career expectations. (authors modified)
Controllability in Linear Sequential Networks

A linear sequential network (LSN) with m inputs and n delay elements can be viewed both as a linear control system and as a sequential machine. A linear system is k controllable if and only if every state transition can be achieved in exactly k steps. It is shown that controllability is equivalent to n controllability, and that a LSN is n controllable if and only if it is a stronglyconnected sequential machine. Techniques are given for determining controllability in LSN's, for finding a sequence of n input vectors for an arbitrary state transition, and for finding a similar sequence of k input vectors, where k is the smallest integer such that the LSN is k controllable.