cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A precursory look at potential interaction objectives affecting flexible robotic cell safety

With increased competitive challenges in the manufacturing sector, the need for operational excellence has led to an increased presence of robotics in factory settings. Traditionally, robotics in manufacturing has been relegated to routine and monotonous tasks performed in isolation to ensure human safety. Now, the advancements in robotics are encouraging a paradigm shift --- human-robot collaboration. These new robotic systems are imbued with the ability to 1) perceive anomalies in work environments and to correct/workaround these deficiencies, 2) adapt to changes in workload by means of reconfiguring their layout in a facility, and 3) autonomously navigate factory floors. Although we would like to believe that these innate abilities of second-generation robotics allow for immediate implementation of human-robot collaboration on factory floors, the truth is that more research is required to ensure safety, analyze performance, and define standards. This paper explores potential interaction objectives for human-robot communication in flexible robotic cells.
Long-Term Outcomes of Fistula First Initiative in an Urban University Hospital-Is It Still Relevant?

Purpose:Dialysis access failure is a major cause of morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease. The Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative (FFBI) dictates arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) shoul...
Does Machine Learning Automate Moral Hazard and Error

Machine learning tools are beginning to be deployed en masse in health care. While the statistical underpinnings of these techniques have been questioned with regard to causality and stability, we highlight a different concern here, relating to measurement issues. A characteristic feature of health data, unlike other applications of machine learning, is that neither y nor x is measured perfectly. Far from a minor nuance, this can undermine the power of machine learning algorithms to drive change in the health care system--and indeed, can cause them to reproduce and even magnify existing errors in human judgment.
Inapproximability of Maximum Edge Biclique, Maximum Balanced Biclique and Minimum k-Cut from the Small Set Expansion Hypothesis

The Small Set Expansion Hypothesis (SSEH) is a conjecture which roughly states that it is NP-hard to distinguish between a graph with a small set of vertices whose expansion is almost zero and one in which all small sets of vertices have expansion almost one. In this work, we prove conditional inapproximability results for the following graph problems based on this hypothesis: - Maximum Edge Biclique (MEB): given a bipartite graph G, find a complete bipartite subgraph of G with maximum number of edges. We show that, assuming SSEH and that NP != BPP, no polynomial time algorithm gives n^{1 - epsilon}-approximation for MEB for every constant epsilon > 0. - Maximum Balanced Biclique (MBB): given a bipartite graph G, find a balanced complete bipartite subgraph of G with maximum number of vertices. Similar to MEB, we prove n^{1 - epsilon} ratio inapproximability for MBB for every epsilon > 0, assuming SSEH and that NP != BPP. - Minimum k-Cut: given a weighted graph G, find a set of edges with minimum total weight whose removal splits the graph into k components. We prove that this problem is NP-hard to approximate to within (2 - epsilon) factor of the optimum for every epsilon > 0, assuming SSEH. The ratios in our results are essentially tight since trivial algorithms give n-approximation to both MEB and MBB and 2-approximation algorithms are known for Minimum k-Cut [Saran and Vazirani, SIAM J. Comput., 1995]. Our first two results are proved by combining a technique developed by Raghavendra, Steurer and Tulsiani [Raghavendra et al., CCC, 2012] to avoid locality of gadget reductions with a generalization of Bansal and Khot's long code test [Bansal and Khot, FOCS, 2009] whereas our last result is shown via an elementary reduction.
Elucidation of salvage laryngectomy pathologic and clinical variables to guide further treatment intensification investigation.

Objective/Hypothesis There are limited treatment options beyond surgical salvage for patients who fail nonoperative treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we examine the failure patterns after surgical salvage and the potential pathologic and clinical prognostic variables that might guide further postoperative intensification investigation. Study Design Retrospective analysis at a tertiary academic referral center. Methods From an institutional review board-approved institutional head and neck cancer registry, a consecutive series of 147 patients who underwent salvage laryngectomy for squamous cell cancer recurrence or persistence after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy between May 1995 and May 2016 were identified. Variables potentially associated with oncologic outcome after surgical salvage were then collected and retrospectively evaluated. Results The projected 2-year locoregional failure rate was 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.6%–29.0%]), and the overall survival 65% (95% CI, 57.5%–74.3%) for the entire cohort after salvage laryngectomy. On multivariable analysis, sarcomatoid/spindle cell pathology (hazard ratio [HR], 3.147; 95% CI, 1.181–8.386; P = 0.022), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (positive vs. negative; HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.21–4.42; P = 0.011), and advanced initial American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th Edition grouped stage (stages III–IVB vs. stages I–II; HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.04–2.6; P = 0.035) were found to be independently associated with inferior disease-free survival. No other clinical or pathologic variables predicted failure. Conclusion Salvage laryngectomy after nonoperative treatment failure results in successful locoregional control rates and survival in the majority of patients failing initial therapy. This should temper enthusiasm for routine treatment intensification with postoperative re-irradiation and/or other systemic treatments for the vast majority of patients. Sarcomatoid pathology, LVSI, and an advanced initial stage are associated with inferior disease-free survival. The presence of these factors may warrant further investigational study of treatment intensification after salvage laryngectomy. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
Wideband and Compact Impedance-Transforming 90° DC Blocks With Symmetric Coupled Transmission-Line Sections

Wideband and compact 90° dc blocks are presented for the impedance-transforming function and designed based on the transmission-zero movement method combined with the pole (root) split method, which is the reason for the wide bandwidth responses, even with being very compact. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, one prototype is tested, and the measured bandwidth with the 10-dB return loss is 0.74–4.05 GHz (331%) with a design frequency of 1 GHz.
Treatment of advanced breast cancer with gemcitabine and vinorelbine

Breast cancer is sensitive to several cytotoxic drugs. Combination cytotoxic regimens are associated with higher response rates and longer durations of response and, occasionally, survival, than are single-agent regimens. However, combination regimens of conventional agents have not changed the course of the disease. In the past decade, numerous newer cytotoxic agents have been developed. Gemcitabine (Gemzar) and vinorelbine (Navelbine) are two such newer agents that have demonstrated good antitumor activity and favorable toxicity profiles as single-agent therapy for advanced breast cancer. Because gemcitabine and vinorelbine have different mechanisms of antitumor activity and good therapeutic indices, they have been evaluated as a combination regimen for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Data from phase II clinical trials suggest that the combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is effective first- or second-line therapy for advanced breast cancer and has a favorable safety profile. Further studies of the gemcitabine/vinorelbine combination regimen are warranted.
Bounds on complete exponential sums

We give a brief survey on complete exponential sums of the type S(g) = Σx e p (g(x)), with g a polynomial in n variables over the finite field 픽 p , and prove several new results including the following. If g is non-composite, that is, not of the type g(x) = f(h(x)) with deg f ≥ 2, and p ≥ c 1(d, n)then the weights of the characteristic values of S(g) are all ≤ 2n - 2. For homogeneous g we can take c 1(d,n) = 2. A partial converse is also given. Next, if g is homogeneous, absolutely irreducible of degree d, and has a singular locus of dimension l in ℙ n-l, then the characteristic values of S(g)have weight ≤ n + l + 1, and so \(\left| {S(g)} \right|(4d + 5)^n p^{\frac{{n + l + 1}}{2}}\).
Will BSN Students Consider a Future Nursing Faculty Role

Aim The aim of the study was to determine the intent of baccalaureate nursing students to pursue a future nursing faculty role. Background An impending nursing faculty shortage negatively affects the capacity to meet the need for nurses. Method Using the constructs of social cognitive career theory, a prospective correlational research design was used to survey prelicensure BSN nursing students regarding their intent for a future nursing faculty role. Results Twenty-five percent of the students intend to pursue a future faculty role. The six statistically significant predictors for a future faculty role were type of nursing program (OR = 2.0), interest in the activities of a faculty role (OR = 2.3), outcome expectations-advantages (OR = 1.9), previous teaching experiences (OR = 1.7), encouragement (OR = 1.5), and outcome expectations-disadvantages (OR = 0.8). Conclusion Providing students with knowledge of the faculty role, teaching experiences, and encouragement may inspire them to pursue a future faculty role.
Urinary excretion of dye in dogs infused with BSP or its glutathione conjugate.

Renal clearance of BSP compounds was investigated in dogs during infusion of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) or its glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH). Conjugated BSP compounds are more readily excreted into urine than unconjugated BSP. Dye clearance into urine was much less than simultaneously measured inulin clearance. This suggests that protein binding of BSP compounds significantly retards the glomerular filtration of the dye. BSP was found to bind more avidly to albumin than BSP-GSH. The ratio of dye clearance to inulin clearance remained relatively constant over a broad range of plasma concentrations of dye. The data support but do not prove glomerular filtration of non-protein-bound dye as the major mechanism accounting for urinary elimination of BSP compounds in the dog.
Let’s Face Adverse Childhood Experiences (FACE) It: Parent Education and Empowerment

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major public health concern in the United States as childhood trauma can lead to long-term health and mental health consequences. They disproportionally affect low-income children of diverse backgrounds; however, parent education can potentially reduce ACEs among low-income young children. This study aims to examine whether parents’ perceptions toward ACEs changed after exposure to ACEsrelated infographic education. In this study, we identified three main themes across the focus group interviews that highlight the importance of ACEs-related educational intervention. Following the ACEs-related education, our study found that the vast majority of participants’ attitudes toward and perceptions of ACEs changed from normalizing ACEs to acknowledging and accepting the consequences of ACEs; the participants also reported feeling empowered to prevent the cycle of ACEs. More importantly, the participants recognized that ACEs could cause long-term traumatic damage to the exposed child’s health outcomes, and they felt empowered to seek resources for ACEs-related interventions. These findings shed positive light on the significance of educating parents on ACEs, which should be considered for policy implications and program interventions to prevent child maltreatment in the United States. We propose an intervention model using the health literacy and educational empowerment frameworks along with other policy recommendations that highlight the importance of culturally and linguistically appropriate services for diverse families living in low-income housing communities.
Time and frequency resolved transient-absorption and stimulated-Raman signals of stochastic light

Covariance spectroscopy signals based on the transmission of broadband stochastic probe light undergoing a nonlinear optical process with matter are studied. The resulting signal depends on intensity correlation functions of the probe pulse. Application is made to transient absorption and stimulated Raman signals, where an ultraviolet pump and a delayed stochastically modulated infrared or optical Raman probe are used for monitoring vibrational excitations. We show that the stochastic properties of light can be exploited to circumvent the limitations on the joint temporal and spectral resolution of the signal. We study a model system with a time-dependent frequency and show that the dynamical information can be fully extracted from the covariance signal. This information is heavily suppressed upon averaging of noisy signals and practically inaccessible in conventional stimulated Raman measurements.
Input Language of clingo

clingois the centerpiece of the collection of ASP-related tools created at the University of Potsdam in Germany, called Potassco (for Potsdam Answer Set Solving Collection). Useful documentation and teaching materials, including information on downloading the latest clingo release and on running clingo in your browser, are available at the website of the Potassco project, https://potassco.org.
The association between home alcohol access and alcohol-related problems among US adolescents

Background: Research that links parenting factors to adolescent drinking is fairly well developed, but few studies have examined the association between home alcohol availability and problematic dr...
The 1970s and the Politics of Political Realism

What are the politics of political realism? This paper tries to answer the question by showing the political differences that emerged between the doyens of IR realism theory—Raymond Aron, Hans Morgenthau and George Kennan—during the 1970s. It argues that the Vietnam War and differing perceptions of American military power in the 1970s led these elder statesmen of IR realism theory into myriad political directions. Perhaps the best way to understand the nature of IR realist thought, then, is to focus not just on the theories that inspire political realism, but its diverse political applications, which, in the case of Aron, Morgenthau and Kennan, led to wide-ranging ways of thinking about what the role of the US in the world should be. If we make this move, we would see that Aron, the supposed embodiment of liberal moderation, became by the 1970s the most reactionary or militarist of the elder generation of IR realists.
Systematic Review of the Cost Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Treatment Interventions

It has been nearly 5 decades since Congress passed the 1971 National Cancer Act to strengthen the National Cancer Institute’s ability to eliminate the suffering from cancer.1 Most early efforts of the National Cancer Institute focused on development of cancer therapeutics. Later, Congress passed the 21st Century Cancer Access to Life-Saving Early Detection, Research and Treatment Act to increase the national research focus on prevention and early detection.2 Data from this period in US health care history suggest that the investments in prevention, screening, and treatment have together reduced cancer mortality by 27% over the past quarter of a century.3 The present era holds the promise to further reduce mortality with an explosion of scientific discoveries and new technologies based on knowledge about personal, lifestyle, genetic, and molecular disease factors.4-9 Although these recent advances have the potential to avoid cancer incidence,10 detect cancer earlier, and/or improve cancer survival, it has become increasingly complex to determine which intervention has the best value or the greatest improvement in health outcomes for the US population at the most reasonable and affordable costs.11,12 Economic evaluation provides data on several aspects of cancer care that can be used to address discussions about value and inform policies and guidelines.13,14 Cost-effectiveness analysis is the most common economic evaluation tool currently used to inform public health policy decisions, resource allocation, and investment decisions (eg, purchase of equipment or coverage of a specific drug). Although cost effectiveness does not capture all aspects of value to the system, payers, or consumers, it can be useful to assess whether investments in a new technology or drug extend life and at what added cost compared with current standard of care. In this study, we review modern breast cancer prevention, screening, and treatment cost-effectiveness analyses. We focus on breast cancer because it is a common cancer, accounts for the largest proportion of cancer economic analyses,15 has seen major advances in technology and shifts in treatment paradigms, and has cost-effectiveness analyses research spanning prevention through treatment. The results of the review are intended to determine whether new technology and therapies have improved population breast cancer outcomes at reasonable ranges of economic value, highlight gaps in the field, and inform the design of future economic analyses conducted to inform decisions about the value and prioritization of investments in breast cancer prevention and control.
Vaper Phase Polymerized PEDOT/Cellulose Paper Composite for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor

A flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on vapor phase polymerized (VPP) PEDOT into cellulose paper matrix (PEDOT/CP) was successfully fabricated. The PEDOT/CP composite material worked as both...
Advances in development of 64CuCl2 radiotracer for diagnostic imaging of copper metabolism disorders with PET

Development of new radiopharmaceuticals is crucial for the advance of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of radiopharmaceuticals based on radioactive metal nuclides such as 64Cu. Copper is a transition metal element necessary for human physiology. Disorders of copper metabolism not only cause hereditary Wilson disease and Menkes disease, but also play an important role in the development of malignant tumors. In addition to radiolabeling for probes, 64Cu can be used for PET diagnostic imaging of copper metabolism disorders. 64CuCl2 is a useful radiotracer that can be used to track the dynamic flow of copper ions in human body copper metabolism by PET imaging. In recent years, many preclinical and clinical studies of 64CuCl2 radiotracer have achieved good results, and have attracted a lot of attention in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. In this article, the progress in the development of 64CuCl2 as a radiotracer for PET diagnostic imaging of hereditary copper metabolism disorders and copper hypermetabolic tumors is reviewed, and further research studies and potential clinical application of 64CuCl2 PET/CT imaging is prospected. Key words: Copper radioisotopes; Positron-emission tomography; Copper; Metabolic diseases; Trends
The July Effect and its Impact on External Ventricular Drain Placement by Neurosurgical Trainees-Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample.

Objective External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is a life-saving procedure performed frequently by neurosurgical residents. The July effect is a theoretic decline in quality of health care sometimes perceived in teaching hospitals at the start of an academic year. We sought to quantify the learning curve of ventriculostomy drain placement in teaching hospitals and determine its impact on patient outcomes, health care utilization, and cost. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients admitted nonelectively between 2012 and 2015 requiring EVD placement at a teaching hospital determined by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Rates of multiple EVD placements per admission, infection and hemorrhage, mortality, length and cost of hospital stay, and discharge disposition were compared between admissions in the first quarter (Q1) of an academic year (July–September) versus those in Q4 (April–June). Results A total of 7783 admissions met inclusion criteria (3901 in Q1 and 3882 in Q4). The odds ratios (OR) for all combined complications, mortality, and long-term care disposition were similar between Q1 and Q4 groups. There was a significant reduction in the OR of wound and infectious complications in Q1 versus Q4 (1.60% vs. 2.31%; OR, 0.66; P = 0.01). The impact of Q1 EVD placement on total hospital charge and number of EVD codes was not statistically significant. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in length of stay in Q1 compared with Q4 (β = −0.04 days; P Conclusions There was no evidence of a July effect on EVD complication rates in outcomes for patients admitted in the beginning of an academic year versus the end.
Predictive Modeling of Covid-19 Data in the US: Adaptive Phase-Space Approach

There are currently intensified efforts by the scientific community world-wide to analyze the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic in order to predict key epidemiological effects and assist the proper planning for its clinical management, as well as guide sociopolitical decision-making regarding proper mitigation measures. Most efforts follow variants of the established SIR methodological framework that divides a population into “Susceptible”, “Infectious” and “Recovered/Removed” fractions and defines their dynamic inter-relationships with first-order differential equations. Goal: This paper proposes a novel approach based on data-guided detection and concatenation of infection waves – each of them described by a Riccati equation with adaptively estimated parameters. Methods: This approach was applied to Covid-19 daily time-series data of US confirmed cases, resulting in the decomposition of the epidemic time-course into five “Riccati modules” representing major infection waves to date (June 18th). Results: Four waves have passed the time-point of peak infection rate, with the fifth expected to peak on July 20th. The obtained parameter estimates indicate gradual reduction of infectivity rate, although the latest wave is expected to be the largest. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that, if no new waves of infection emerge, the Covid-19 epidemic will be controlled in the US (<5000 new daily cases) by September 26th, and the maximum of confirmed cases will reach 4,160,000. Importantly, this approach can be used to detect (via rigorous statistical methods) the emergence of possible new waves of infections in the future. Analysis of data from individual states or countries may quantify the distinct effects of different mitigation measures.
High-content live-cell imaging reveals co-regulation of cardiomyocyte decisions of hypertrophy and apoptosis

Abstract Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis underlie cardiomyopathies and heart failure. While previous studies have described hypertrophy or apoptosis at the level of cell populations, how individual cells commit to these distinct yet co-regulated fates is unclear. We used high-content imaging to track single-cell hypertrophy and apoptosis dynamics, revealing new features and unique subpopulation responses. Catecholamines isoproterenol and norepinephrine induced heterogeneous analog hypertrophy and digital apoptosis, which support a “grow and/or die” conceptual model for cell decisions. Multinomial log-linear models indicated that a cell’s initial size and DNA content predict its susceptibility to hypertrophy and apoptosis. This work integrates dynamic morphological and biochemical cell profiling to reveal that cardiomyocyte hypertrophic and apoptotic responses to catecholamines represent an incoherent feedforward loop in which hypertrophy enhances survival.
FACT subunit SUPT16H associates with BRD4 and contributes to silencing of antiviral interferon signaling

FACT ( FA cilitates C hromatin T ranscription) is a heterodimeric protein complex composed of SUPT16H and SSRP1, and a histone chaperone participating in chromatin remodeling during gene transcription. FACT complex is profoundly regulated, and contributes to both gene activation and suppression. Here we reported that SUPT16H, a subunit of FACT, is acetylated at lysine 674 (K674) of middle domain (MD), which involves TIP60 histone acetyltransferase. Such acetylation of SUPT16H is recognized by bromodomain protein BRD4, which promotes protein stability of SUPT16H. We further demonstrated that SUPT16H-BRD4 associates with histone modification enzymes (EZH2, HDAC1) and affects histone marks (H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and H3ac). BRD4 is known to profoundly regulate interferon (IFN) signaling, while such function of SUPT16H has never been explored. Surprisingly, our results revealed that SUPT16H genetic knockdown via RNAi or pharmacological inhibition by using its inhibitor, curaxin 137 (CBL0137), results in the induction of IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Through this mechanism, CBL0137 is shown to efficiently inhibit infection of multiple viruses, including Zika, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CBL0137 also causes the remarkable activation of IFN signaling in natural killer (NK) cells, which promotes the NK-mediated killing of virus-infected cells in a co-culture system using human primary NK cells. Overall, our studies unraveled the previously un-appreciated role of FACT complex in regulating IFN signaling in both epithelial and NK cells, and also proposed the novel application of CBL0137 to treat viral infections.
A New Era of Nuclear Criticality Experiments: The First 10 Years of Godiva IV Operations at NCERC

The work presented in this paper focuses on the first 10 years (2011–2020) of Godiva IV operations at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC). Godiva IV is a fast burst critica...
Greater radiologic evidence of hypothalamic gliosis predicts adiposity gain in children at risk for obesity.

Objective This study investigated, in a large pediatric population, whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) gliosis is associated with baseline or change over 1 year in body adiposity. Methods Cross-sectional and prospective cohort analyses were conducted within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Study 1 included 169 children with usable baseline T2-weighted MRI images and anthropometrics from baseline and 1-year follow-up study visits. Signal ratios compared T2 signal intensity in MBH and two reference regions (amygdala [AMY] and putamen) as a measure of MBH gliosis. Study 2 included a distinct group of 238 children with overweight or obesity to confirm initial findings in an independent sample. Results In Study 1, MBH/AMY signal ratio was positively associated with BMI z score (β = 4.27, p Conclusions Greater evidence of hypothalamic gliosis by MRI is associated with baseline BMI z score and predicts adiposity gain in young children at risk of obesity.
Perturbation analysis of a 2-class stochastic fluid model with finite buffer capacity

We use a stochastic fluid model (SFM) for a communication network node with finite buffer capacity processing two classes of traffic: one is uncontrolled and the other is subject to threshold-based buffer control. We derive gradient estimators for class-dependent packet loss and workload related performance metrics with respect to the threshold parameter. These estimators are shown to be unbiased and directly observable from a sample path without any knowledge of underlying stochastic characteristics of the traffic processes. This renders them computable in on-line environments and easily implementable for network management and control.
Aluminum Coagulation of Natural Organic Matter

The concentration and nature of natural organic matter (NOM) influence the processes selected for water treatment plants. Water supplies containing NOM dominated by humic substances require careful design and operation of the chemical pre-treatment step of coagulation. Humic substances in untreated waters exert a greater demand for chemical coagulants compared to particulate matter, and their removal is important for health reasons because they are precursors to trihalomethanes and other disinfection by-products. Furthermore, coagulation affects the performance of downstream particle separation processes of clarification (sedimentation or flotation) and filtration.
Abstract 5569: Ki67 is an independent prognostic marker in breast cancer even after accounting for molecular subtype

Ki67 labeling index (LI) has been demonstrated to be a prognostic marker in invasive breast cancer; a high Ki67 LI is associated with poorer survival among breast cancer patients. The goal of these analyses was to examine the extent to which Ki67 was associated with specific breast cancer subtypes, and whether it could serve as an additional prognostic marker above and beyond breast cancer subtype, in an ethnically diverse sample of 287 patients (86 Non-Hispanic White, 84 Hispanic and 116 African American). IHC analysis was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from invasive breast cancer samples obtained from the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study (patients diagnosed between 2005-2008). Tissue samples were tested for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, EGFR and CK5/6. From these results, breast cancers were classified as Luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2-), Luminal B (ER+/PR+/HER2+), HER2 enriched (ER-/PR-/HER2+), and triple negative (TN) (ER-/PR-/HER2-). TN tumors were subclassified into basal like (BL) if they expressed either EGFR or CK5/6 or otherwise classified as unspecified (US) if negative for both EGFR and CK5/6. Ki67 LI was classified as low ( In adjusted models, the proportion of tumors with a high Ki67 LI was much lower for luminal A (28%) than for luminal B, HER2, TN-US, and TN-BL subtypes (91,66, 77 and 89%, respectively, p In this multi-ethnic sample of breast cancer patients, we found that Ki67 was a significant independent predictor of more aggressive, higher grade disease, even after accounting for molecular subtype. Ki67 might serve as a useful additional marker for the classification of breast cancer into molecular subtypes. Citation Format: Abeer M. Mahmoud, Virgilia Macias, Umaima Al-alem, Jacob K. Kresovich, Galina Khramtsova, Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, Elizabeth L. Wiley, Garth H. Rauscher. Ki67 is an independent prognostic marker in breast cancer even after accounting for molecular subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5569. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5569
Does experience in creating a robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) programme in an academic centre impact outcomes or complication rate?

Objective To evaluate the impact of increased experience in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) on perioperative and oncological outcomes To detail the complications encountered in establishing a RAPN programme at a tertiary referral centre and the factors associated with these complications Patients and Methods The initial consecutive 233 patients undergoing RAPN between March 2008 and May 2012 at our institution were identified. Patients were divided into quartiles to evaluate outcomes, and uni- and multivariate predictors of complications were calculated Results In progressive quartiles, patients tended to have more complex renal tumours as evaluated by R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry (P < 0.01) or preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical classification (PADUA) scores (P = 0.003), and percentage endophytic (P = 0.01). Developing technique increased the patients undergoing unclamped PN (P < 0.01). The mean time in the operating room (from skin incision to closure) decreased significantly from 225 to 183 min (P < 0.01) and warm ischaemia time decreased from 28 to 15 min, when clamping (P < 0.01). Clavien graded complication rate (P = 0.26) and positive margin rate (P = 0.32) was unchanged by quartile. Conclusion We show that increasing experience allows more complex tumours to be removed with similar outcomes in patients undergoing RAPN. The complication rates and perioperative outcomes were similar in four successive quartiles of an initial experience of RAPN.
Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of lymphomas with signet ring cell features: potential pitfalls and solutions.

BACKGROUND Lymphoma with signet ring cell features (LSF) is a rare morphologic variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although it has been well documented in the surgical pathology literature, to the best of the authors's knowledge, the features of LSF in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples have rarely been reported. An accurate cytologic diagnosis of LSF is of important therapeutic significance. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed 7 FNA cases of LSF for cytologic features, ancillary studies, corresponding histologic findings, and the patients' clinical and radiologic information to illustrate the diagnostic clues and potential pitfalls. RESULTS The final diagnoses, based on a multidisciplinary approach, were follicular lymphoma (5 patients), large B-cell lymphoma of follicular center cell origin (1 patient), and low-grade B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid features (1 patient). FNAs were obtained from both lymph node and extranodal sites. Common cytologic features included various percentages of signet ring cells in a background of nonvacuolated lymphomatous cells, lymphoglandular bodies, and cytoplasmic rings. The majority of signet ring cells contained a single, large, clear intracytoplasmic vacuole that pushed the nucleus laterally whereas fewer cells contained ≥ 2 vacuoles that indented the nucleus into a scalloped or stellate configuration. These cells resemble, to some degree, other lesions with signet ring cell features. One of the diagnostic clues of LSF was the similarity in nuclear details between signet ring cells and surrounding nonvacuolated lymphoid cells. CONCLUSIONS Familiarity with cytologic features, correlation with clinical/radiologic information, and ancillary studies are important for an accurate diagnosis of LSF and for distinguishing it from other lesions with signet ring cell features in FNA samples. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:525-32. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Mouse brain gene expression changes after acute and chronic amphetamine

Gene expression changes are candidate mechanisms to contribute to long-term consequences of psychostimulant use. We use microarrays to examine the expression of 6340 genes in brains of mice killed 5 or 20 h following 14 day, twice-daily treatments with saline (SS), saline followed by a single 7.5 mg/kg amphetamine dose (SA), or repeated 7.5 mg/kg amphetamine doses (AA) that produce sensitization but no clear-cut neuronal toxicities. Arrays display robust hybridization for about 3600 transcripts. One hundred and seventeen of these expressed transcripts are candidate positives for drug-related changes, displaying > 1.8-fold differences from SS control values in whole brains of either SA or AA mice. Five transcripts reveal altered expression in both AA and SA mice. SA mostly enhances expression while AA treatments largely reduce expression. Fourteen SA and four AA changes in whole brain mRNA were replicated by > 1.8-fold changes in independent microarray assessments of either cerebral cortical or brainstem mRNAs, with more changes identified in frontal than in entorhinal/parietal cortical samples. About one-quarter of these changes persist in initial studies of mice killed 20 h after the last amphetamine injection. Each of these genes, including transcription factor, cellular regulatory, structural and other gene family members, are candidates to contribute to brain adaptations to psychostimulants.
A Generation at War: The Civil War Era in a Northern Community

Review of: "A Generation at War: The Civil War Era in a Northern Community," by Nicole Etcheson.
The effect of carbon on 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel: (I). Microstructure and tensile properties☆

Abstract The microstucture, hardness, and the tensile properties of 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel with 0.009, 0.030, 0.120, and 0.135 wt % C were determined on steels in the annealed (furnace-cooled from 927°C), normalized (air-cooled from 927°C), and normalized-and-tempered conditions. As annealed, the microstructure was primarily proeutectoid ferrite with spherical carbides and pearlite, the amounts increasing with increasing carbon content. During normalization ( 7 8 in rods or 1 in plates were heat-treated), granular bainite formed: 1 to 2 and 15 to 20% bainite (remainder proeutectoid ferrite) for the 0.009 and 0.030 wt % C steels, respectively; the 0.120 and 0.135 wt % C steels were entirely bainite. On tempering, carbides precipitated. In all heat-treated conditions, there was little difference in the room temperature hardness of the 0.009 and 0.030 wt % C steels and between the 0.120 and 0.135 wt % C steels. Tensile tests from 25 to 565°C indicated that strength depends on microstructure, which is determined by carbon content.
Convergence of neural network weights for stochastic systems

This paper considers the convergence of neural network weights in identification of a deterministic system dx=/spl phi/(x, u)*dt with stochastic observation y=x+/spl xi/. Since the backpropagation learning algorithm is based on the error between the output of the neural network and the desired output (i.e. the observation in our system), and the observation is stochastic in our system, it is not possible to use the steepest descent to estimate the weights directly. Therefore we consider the use of the stochastic approximation method to estimate the weights, and prove its convergence in the presence of noise. >
Christian Beginnings: From Nazareth to Nicaea. By Geza Vermes. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012. Pp. xvi, 272. $30.00.)

With the death of Geza Vermes in May 2013, at the age of eighty‐eight, the scholarly community lost one of its greatest historians of ancient Judaism, renowned for his popular translation of the De...
Inhibition of the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated current by the protein kinase inhibitor, H-7

The effect of the protein kinase inhibitor, H-7, on the inward current mediated by 5-HT3 receptors was investigated with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. H-7 inhibited the peak 5-HT current with an IC50 of 1.79 microM. The inhibition was quick, reversible and not blocked by the presence of 50 microM intracellular H-7. It is concluded that the effect of H-7 was independent of protein kinase activity.
Seasonal and tissue-specific regulation of canary androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid.

Natural seasonal fluctuations in androgen levels appear to cause changes in physiology and reproductive behavior, such as singing, in canaries. Little is known, however, about the cellular mechanisms underlying these changes. Because androgens act principally through nuclear receptors in other species, we have isolated and sequenced a cDNA likely to encode the canary androgen receptor and used this cDNA to examine the regulation of AR mRNA levels in the testis, kidney, and liver of the canary. The sequence corresponds to most of the coding portion of seven of the eight exons found in the homologous mammalian gene, including the domains that bind to DNA and androgen and affect transcription. Its mRNA is approximately 8 kilobases in length and is encoded by a single gene. In the testis, the transcript is expressed specifically in the Sertoli cells. The androgen receptor antagonist flutamide represses AR mRNA levels in kidney, but induces them in liver, indicating that androgen regulates its receptor, but do...
The US Bureau of Mines's synthetic fuel programme, 1920–1950s: German connections and American advances

Summary This essay examines the first 30 years of the US Bureau of Mines' synthetic fuel programme during which time Arno C. Fieldner (1881–1966), the Bureau's chief chemist in Washington, DC, established the direction of its fuel research. Fieldner was a world-renowned authority on coal combustion, whose technological style of coal research emphasized the potential applications of the research. He was a keen observer of international developments in coal research and made their study an essential and important part of the Bureau's synthetic liquid fuel programme. International developments, particularly Germany's coal-to-oil or synthetic liquid fuel industry, continued to interest the Bureau during the 1930s–1940s, and, after the Second World War, seven German synthetic fuel scientists came to the USA under Project Paperclip to assist in the construction and operation of the Bureau's coal hydrogenation (liquefaction) and Fischer-Tropsch demonstration plants in Louisiana, Missouri. The two plants were the...
The Social Life of Death on Delhi's Streets: Unclaimed Souls, Pollutive Bodies, Dead Kin and the Kinless Dead

ABSTRACTHow does the status of ‘street children’ in life inflect the narrative representation of their deaths? Street-dwelling children's interactions with death in North India reveal much about how their identities are produced in public domains. In this paper, I examine several instances of ‘homeless child’ death to illuminate the place of such subjects in society and urban space, and to interrogate the degree to which they can be rendered ‘recognizable’ or ‘grievable’, in Butler's (2010) terminology. In particular, I explore the presence or absence of kin in the ways that child death is narrated. I also explore the related question of how living ‘vagabond (aawara) children’ situate their status in narratives of death and loss. I conclude with discussions of how children negotiate their orientations towards death through ghost narratives, and of the space-, economy- and age-bound assignment of pollutive tasks once reserved for low castes to street-dwelling children.
Catalysis of ascorbate oxidation by 1, 10-phenanthroline and related ligands.

Abstract 1. 1. Catalytic amounts of 1,10-phenantthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine or neocuproine were found to enhance dramatically the rate of ascorbate autooxidation. 2. 2. The catalysis is not a case of base catalysis and copper ions are not involved in it. 3. 3. For 1–10-phenanthroline catalysis, the reaction has an apparent Michaelis constant of 1.8 · 10 −3 M and two atoms of oxygen are utilized per molecule of ascorbic acid oxidized. 4. 4. The reaction is inhibited by cyanide, 3,5,3′-triiodo- L -thyronine and catalase. 5. 5. The bearing of these observations on some biochemical phenomena is discussed.
Interpreting the γ Statistic in Phylogenetic Diversification Rate Studies: A Rate Decrease Does Not Necessarily Indicate an Early Burst

BACKGROUND Phylogenetic hypotheses are increasingly being used to elucidate historical patterns of diversification rate-variation. Hypothesis testing is often conducted by comparing the observed vector of branching times to a null, pure-birth expectation. A popular method for inferring a decrease in speciation rate, which might suggest an early burst of diversification followed by a decrease in diversification rate is the gamma statistic. METHODOLOGY Using simulations under varying conditions, I examine the sensitivity of gamma to the distribution of the most recent branching times. Using an exploratory data analysis tool for lineages through time plots, tree deviation, I identified trees with a significant gamma statistic that do not appear to have the characteristic early accumulation of lineages consistent with an early, rapid rate of cladogenesis. I further investigated the sensitivity of the gamma statistic to recent diversification by examining the consequences of failing to simulate the full time interval following the most recent cladogenic event. The power of gamma to detect rate decrease at varying times was assessed for simulated trees with an initial high rate of diversification followed by a relatively low rate. CONCLUSIONS The gamma statistic is extraordinarily sensitive to recent diversification rates, and does not necessarily detect early bursts of diversification. This was true for trees of various sizes and completeness of taxon sampling. The gamma statistic had greater power to detect recent diversification rate decreases compared to early bursts of diversification. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the gamma statistic as an indication of early, rapid diversification.
Distinct broadband third-harmonic generation on a thin amorphous medium-air interface.

We achieve a series of distinct broadband third-harmonic generation (THG) signals at the amorphous glass–air interface attributed to third-order and cascaded third-order nonlinear processes. A novel THG laser sideband arises from cascaded interaction between fundamental pulses and the cascaded four-wave mixing signals. The spatially separated THG sidebands with distinct spectral profiles manifest femtosecond quantum beats. Using a versatile setup with two crossing near-IR pulses temporally delayed to each other, we design an incident pulse polarization control method on the THG sideband lasers and also acquire the low-frequency surface Raman spectrum of the amorphous medium. © 2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.2620) Harmonic generation and mixing; (260.7190) Ultraviolet; (320.2250) Femtosecond phenomena; (320.7110) Ultrafast nonlinear optics; (190.4380) Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing.
Reform and revolution in South America: a forum on Bolivia and Venezuela

Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales represent something of a conundrum for the Left. The right-wing opposition has been so fierce, so deceitful, so excessive, and so powerful, the Left has often felt the need to unconditionally defend the governments, policies, and even personas of Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales. At times, this has been a necessary stance. Though significant gains have been made under the governments of Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales (in terms of poverty reduction, access to health care, education, etc.), there remains a considerable gap between rhetorical claims of ‘‘participatory democracy,’’ socialism, and noncapitalist development, in contrast to the reality of policies and practices that undermine the autonomous political mobilization, and/or economic interests, of popular sectors. Where does this leave the Left? From what Left-position, both intellectually and politically, does one launch a critique of Chavez, Morales, and their followers without joining a right-wing opposition that is nostalgic for neoliberalism and is using the rhetoric and practice of formal democracy? The following contributions provide a critical Left assessment of the ‘‘revolutionary’’ process under the Chavez and Morales governments. Many different topics are addressed, but collectively, the essays center on two sets of questions. First, and most basically, how have popular groups, including indigenous peoples, peasants, workers, women, and others who have been historically marginalized and disenfranchised, benefitted from the rise of ‘‘revolutionary’’ governments in Bolivia and Venezuela? What have these governments promised? What have they delivered? Where have they fallen short? Second, what is the relationship between the state and popular political and cultural mobilization and expression? What has
Collisional effect on the saturation amplitude of nonlinearly excited plasma waves

Abstract The collisional effect is found to be more important than the relativistic effect in controlling the saturation amplitude of plasma waves nonlinearly excited by two laser beams under existing experiment conditions.
Synthesis of naphthyl A–B disaccharides corresponding to olivomycin A and mithramycin

Highly stereoselective syntheses of naphthyl disaccharides 4 and 5, which correspond to the A–B disaccharide units of olivomycin A and mithramycin, are described.