cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-Hospital Quality-of-Care Measures for Pediatric Sepsis Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sepsis syndrome, comprising sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock, is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity, for which the delivery of time-sensitive care leads to improved survival. We aimed to describe the development and testing of quality measures for in-hospital care of pediatric sepsis syndrome. METHODS: Seven measures of quality of care for children hospitalized with sepsis syndrome were developed by using an iterative process including literature review, development of concepts and candidate measures, and selection of measures for feasibility and importance by 2 panels of experts. The measures were tested for reliability and validity among children 0 to 18 years of age hospitalized with sepsis syndrome from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2013. RESULTS: Of 27 hospitals, 59% had no protocol for the identification and treatment of pediatric sepsis syndrome. Blood culture was performed in only 70% of patients with pediatric sepsis syndrome. Antibiotics were administered within 1 hour of diagnosis in 70% of patients with pediatric severe sepsis or septic shock, and timely fluid resuscitation was performed in 50% of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Documentation of heart rate during fluid resuscitation of children with severe sepsis or septic shock was observed in 18% of cases. Two measures could not be rigorously tested for validity and reliability given the rarity of septic shock and were deemed infeasible. CONCLUSIONS: This multisite study to develop and validate measures of the quality of hospital care of children with sepsis syndrome highlights the existence of important gaps in delivery of care.
Applying SMOS soil moisture data into the National Weather Service (NWS)’s Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) for flash flood guidance application

Abstract After rainfall, soil moisture is the most important factor dictating flash flooding, since rainfall infiltration and runoff are based on the saturation of the soil. However, continuous and regional soil moisture data acquisition is difficult by ground-based measurement. As such, soil moisture is often derived from land surface models and used by agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NOAA/NWS) as a proxy for estimates of soil moisture at the surface in order to support operational flood forecasting. The current Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) system at the Arkansas Red Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC) provides gridded flash flood guidance (GFFG) by using the soil moisture from the NWS Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) to scale Natural Resources Conservation Service curve numbers. This study evaluates the contribution of remote sensing technology to quantifiable improvements in HL-RDHM soil moisture as well as adding a satellite-based soil moisture component to the NWS FFG Algorithm. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite of European Space Agency operates at an L-band (1.4 GHz) wavelength which offers relatively deeper penetration and has lower sensitivity to vegetation impacts than other microwave satellite platforms. It has been shown to be well-suited for observing surface soil moisture. The purpose of this paper is to determine, execute, and assess a method of SMOS data assimilation applicable for use with the HL-RDHM modeling system. The value of remote sensing data in constraining modeled soil moisture states is evaluated. Results from the technique developed in this study imply a potential for SMOS-based improvement of the GFFG product. The technique is also expected to be useful for assimilating soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP).
The Evolution of Positional Behavior in the Saki-Uakaris (Pithecia, Chiropotes, and Cacajao)

A major concern in the study of the postcranial skeleton and associated behaviors in primates has been distinguishing the effects of heritage from those of habitus. The skeleton represents many compromises between selective pressures and the effects of ancestry, and it is difficult to separate the influence of each. In order to interpret anatomical adaptations, knowledge of the positional behavior of animals in their natural habitat is of critical importance.
Analytic survey of 57 cases of oral metastases

Background Oral lesions have been reported among the first signs of an undiagnosed metastatic disease. Accurate diagnosis of an occult metastasis remains critical in determining the treatment course. Previous studies regarding oral metastatic tumors present varied data regarding the most frequent metastases to the oral cavity. These discrepancies echo the changes in incidence rates for certain malignancies over time and demonstrate the need for periodic updates in oral metastasis studies. Methods Using Text Information Extraction System, a de-identified pathology database, we compiled 57 cases over a period of 19 years using key terms to search for oral metastases. Results For both males and females, the most common primary sites were lung (21.1%), liver (12.3%), breast (10.5%), kidney (10.5%), and colorectal (8.8%). We found an equal number of lung and breast metastases in females and metastases from the liver to be the most prevalent for males. In most of our cases (54.9%), the patient had no history of the primary malignancy and the oral lesion preceded awareness of the widespread cancer. Conclusions As a departure from many previous case series, we found lung and breast metastases to be equally numerous in women and liver as the most common oral metastasis in men. Also, we identified a tendency for the patient to present with a previous history in certain malignancies, such as breast cancer, whereas in other malignancies, such as renal cell carcinoma, our data demonstrated a propensity to present in the oral cavity without history of a primary tumor.
Cognitive function predicts listening effort performance during complex tasks in normally aging adults

Purpose: This study examines whether cognitive function, as measured by the subtests of the Woodcock–Johnson III (WCJ-III) assessment, predicts listening-effort performance during dual tasks across the adults of varying ages. Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 14 listeners (number of females = 11) who were 41–61 years old [mean = 53.18; standard deviation (SD) = 5.97]. Group 2 consisted of 15 listeners (number of females = 9) who were 63–81 years old (mean = 72.07; SD = 5.11). Participants were administered the WCJ-III Memory for Words, Auditory Working Memory, Visual Matching, and Decision Speed subtests. All participants were tested in each of the following three dual-task experimental conditions, which were varying in complexity: (1) auditory word recognition + visual processing, (2) auditory working memory (word) + visual processing, and (3) auditory working memory (sentence) + visual processing in noise. Results: A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that task complexity significantly affected the performance measures of auditory accuracy, visual accuracy, and processing speed. Linear regression revealed that the cognitive subtests of the WCJ-III test significantly predicted performance across dependent variable measures. Conclusion: Listening effort is significantly affected by task complexity, regardless of age. Performance on the WCJ-III test may predict listening effort in adults and may assist speech-language pathologist (SLPs) to understand challenges faced by participants when subjected to noise.
Extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light in the fungal pathogen causing white-nose syndrome of bats.

Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has decimated North American hibernating bats since its emergence in 2006. Here, we utilize comparative genomics to examine the evolutionary history of this pathogen in comparison to six closely related nonpathogenic species. P. destructans displays a large reduction in carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes (CAZymes) and in the predicted secretome (~50%), and an increase in lineage-specific genes. The pathogen has lost a key enzyme, UVE1, in the alternate excision repair (AER) pathway, which is known to contribute to repair of DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. Consistent with a nonfunctional AER pathway, P. destructans is extremely sensitive to UV light, as well as the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The differential susceptibility of P. destructans to UV light in comparison to other hibernacula-inhabiting fungi represents a potential “Achilles’ heel” of P. destructans that might be exploited for treatment of bats with WNS.
LEVELS OF ADHESION PROTEINS ON NEUTROPHILS OF THE NEONATAL RAT DURING THE FIRST THREE WEEKS OF LIFE. † 1241

Neutrophils of the neonatal rat show decreased migration into the lung after hyperoxia compared to adults. To investigate the mechanism of this impairment, expression of the neutrophil adherence molecules, L-selectin and CD18, were examined on neonatal rat neutrophils at 0-24 hrs, 72 hrs, and 7, 10, 14, and 21 days of age. Staining of whole blood was analyzed by flow cytometry (results expressed as mean channel fluorescence). Soluble L-selectin in the serum was measured using a sandwich ELISA (results expressed as absorbance). Results are as follows (mean ± S.D., * p<0.05 for adult vs. neonate): Table
Integrating object locations in the memory representation of a spatial layout

The present study investigated how object locations learned separately are integrated and represented as a single spatial layout in memory. Two experiments were conducted in which participants learned a room-sized spatial layout that was divided into two sets of five objects. Results suggested that integration across sets was performed efficiently when it was done during initial encoding of the environment but entailed cost in accuracy when it was attempted at the time of memory retrieval. These findings suggest that, once formed, spatial representations in memory generally remain independent and integrating them into a single representation requires additional cognitive processes.
Mid dermal elastolysis with wrinkling. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Background: We observed two patients who had mid dermal elastolysis with wrinkling. Objective and Methods: We reviewed the pertinent features of the four cases reported in the literature and of our two cases. We also compared mid dermal elastolysis with other disorders of acquired elastolysis, such as postinflammatory elastolysis and cutis laxa, anetoderma, and (regular) cutis laxa. Results: Our two patients with mid dermal elastolysis with wrinkling were middle-aged, white women. Physical examination showed widespread wrinkling, erythematous patches (macules), and papules. Histologic examination showed patchy loss of elastic tissue limited to the mid dermis. In one of our patients, elastolytic skin lesions appeared on areas not covered by a two-piece swimsuit. She used to sunbathe frequently. In our other patient, skin lesions were also more prominent on exposed areas. Conclusion: We speculate that sun exposure is one of the main causative factors of mid dermal elastolysis with wrinkling.
GENETICS | Selection: Concepts

Genetics is the source of all permanent change or improvement in the value of dairy cows. Changes in environment, management or nutrition can affect their productivity or appearance, sometimes by large amounts, but such effects are usually of a fleeting nature. Certainly they are not transmitted to offspring. In the past, most selection was within breed. Most breeds adopted a hair color or pattern as an identifier. Many selected for a specific trait as a specialty for the breed. For instance, the black-and-white spotted breed (Friesian or Holstein) of the Rhine valley was widely known for its high milk volume in Roman times. The Jersey has been known for high milk fat content for centuries. Historically, sons of the ‘best’ cows have been mated to other top cows to produce bulls to sire the next generation. This type of breeding was called ‘best-to-best’. Such a breeding system was relatively inaccurate for identifying the genetic merit of individual animals because of inability to separate genetic and nongenetic causes of differences, both within and between herds. It was effective in identifying above-average animals. Yet, it was the main selection procedure for centuries.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Over recent years, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important outcome measure in determining the impact of a disorder as well as therapeutic success. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been shown to decrease HRQoL. Multiple instruments are available to assess HRQoL in OSAS. Objective parameters do not consistently predict HRQoL in OSAS. Positive airway pressure therapy has been shown to improve HRQoL. Other therapeutic options have also been shown to improve HRQoL in OSAS, but further investigations are needed.
Government expenditure on labour market policies in OECD countries: responding to the economic crisis

In most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the unemployment rate increased considerably during the early stage of the Great Recession of 2008. However, unemploy...
New observations support William Osler's rationale for systemic bloodletting.

Bloodletting has been called William Osler’s “blind spot,” especially with respect to pneumonia. Also puzzling has been his endorsement of bleeding in selected cases of heatstroke. Recent clinical ...
Modeling the Dense Spray Regime Using an Euler-Lagrange Approach With Volumetric Displacement Effects

Modeling of a dense spray regime using an Euler-Lagrange approach is challenging because of local high volume loading. A cluster of droplets, that are assumed subgrid, can lead to locally low void fractions for the fluid phase. Under these conditions, spatio-temporal changes in the fluid volume fractions should be considered in an Euler-Lagrange, two-way coupling model. This leads to zero-Mach number, variable density governing equations. Using pressure-based solvers, this gives rise to a source term in the pressure Poisson equation and a non-divergence free velocity field. To test the validity and predictive capability of such an approach, a round jet laden with particles is investigated using Direct Numerical Simulation coupled with point-Particle based model and compared with available experimental data for a particulate turbulent round jet with $Re_j=5712$. Standard force closures including drag, lift, Magnus effect, pressure, added mass as well as viscous torque acting on each individual particle are employed in the Point-Particle based model. In addition, volume displacement effects due to the presence of solid particles or liquid droplets, which is commonly neglected in the standard two-way coupling, are taken into account in both continuity and inter-phase momentum transfer to accurately capture the underlying structure of particle-turbulence interactions. Prediction results are in well agreement with the corresponding experiment.
Redesigning for Twenty-First Century Learning: Analyzing the Process of Transforming Student Learning Using the Three Pillars Method

This study analyzed the process through which 45 courses were transformed using the Three Pillars Course Transformation Method. The three pillars (deep learning, intellectual skills, and professional skills) advanced active learning and engaged learning in order to impact student success. The transformation process began with training of faculty members on using the method booklet before they went on to transform courses while working with an instructional designer who took the role of a Higher Learning Commission Quality Initiative Project (HLC-QIP) consultant. The study analyzed the transformation process, focusing on the pedagogical support provided to faculty members, benefits, and challenges. While course developers encountered challenges during the process, these issues were essentially duly addressed by the HLC-QIP consultant. The project was a success; transformed courses were reconstructed to include active and engaged learning activities with robust assessment strategies and well-developed syllabi. Course developers also went away with new, instructional design skills that they would use for the rest of their careers.
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity Habits and Physical Function Contribute to Fatigue in the Rest Home Residents.

BACKGROUNDS Fatigue is a common complaint in older adults living in rest homes. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with fatigue among older adults living in a rest home. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 92 older adults. Fatigue was evaluated by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The sociodemographic characteristics, quadriceps and handgrip strength, functional capacity and physical function were assessed using a structured questionnaire, digital dynamometers, 6-minute walking test and Short Physical Performance Battery, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of fatigue was 67.4%. FSS showed significant correlations with age, female gender, body mass index, physical activity habits, quadriceps strength, handgrip strength, functional exercise capacity, and physical function. However, in the regression analysis, only body mass index, physical activity habits and physical function were responsible for 51% of the variance in fatigue among rest home residents. Physical activity habits and physical function were the best predictors of fatigue explaining 47.5% of variance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that body mass index, physical activity habits and physical function contributed to fatigue in rest home residents. These factors can be used to identify individuals at high risk of fatigue and to attenuate fatigue levels.
Biological activities of commercial bovine lactoferrin sources.

Lactoferrin (Lf) samples from several manufacturers were evaluated in vitro. The purity and protein form of each Lf were examined by SDS–PAGE, Western blot, and proteomics analysis. Assays were con...
Comparing architectural features between heuristically human-annotated and Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated tumor and satellite labels in early-stage oral cavity cancer

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated tissue maps for outcome prediction would aid in reducing the exhaustive workload on pathologists. But how quantitatively analogous are these maps to pathologist labeled maps must be studied. Another area that interested us was to understand how the "satellite tumor" definition in tissue label maps affects the features extracted. Our work was motivated from these ideas. This work aids in understanding the impact on feature values extracted when an automatic relabeling is applied on both hand-annotated and AI tumor maps This would be a first step towards investigating if the AI maps can be reliable for recurrence risk prediction in early stage oral cavity cancer patients.
Super-Resolution Electrochemical Impedance Imaging with a 100 × 100 CMOS Sensor Array

This paper presents a 100 × 100 super-resolution integrated sensor array for microscale electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) imaging. The system is implemented in 180 nm CMOS with 10μm × 10μm pixels. Rather than treating each electrode independently, the sensor is designed to measure the mutual capacitance between programmable sets of pixels. Multiple spatially-resolved measurements can then be computationally combined to produce super-resolution impedance images. Experimental measurements of sub-cellular permittivity distributions within single algae cells demonstrate the potential of this new approach.
Using common practices to establish a framework for mobile produce markets in the United States

Access to affordable fruit and vegetables (F&V) remains a challenge within underserved communities across the United States. Mobile produce markets (mobile markets) are a well-accepted and effective strategy for increasing F&V consumption in these communities. Mobile market organizations share similar missions that focus on food, health, and empowerment, participate in incentive programs, offer nutrition education, utilize grassroots-based marketing strategies, prioritize local produce, and sell competitively priced produce through a market style. While mobile markets have become increasingly prevalent, models vary widely. Establishing standardized practices is essential for ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of this important food access program. This research seeks to identify common practices of established mobile markets and describe the resources they rely on.
Data Classification: Algorithms and Applications

Comprehensive Coverage of the Entire Area of Classification Research on the problem of classification tends to be fragmented across such areas as pattern recognition, database, data mining, and machine learning. Addressing the work of these different communities in a unified way, Data Classification: Algorithms and Applications explores the underlying algorithms of classification as well as applications of classification in a variety of problem domains, including text, multimedia, social network, and biological data. This comprehensive book focuses on three primary aspects of data classification: Methods-The book first describes common techniques used for classification, including probabilistic methods, decision trees, rule-based methods, instance-based methods, support vector machine methods, and neural networks. Domains-The book then examines specific methods used for data domains such as multimedia, text, time-series, network, discrete sequence, and uncertain data. It also covers large data sets and data streams due to the recent importance of the big data paradigm. Variations-The book concludes with insight on variations of the classification process. It discusses ensembles, rare-class learning, distance function learning, active learning, visual learning, transfer learning, and semi-supervised learning as well as evaluation aspects of classifiers.
Sewage Irrigation and Recharge Consequences, Oahu

By the year 2000 the island of Oahu, Hawaii, is projected to have a water demand that equals its fully-developed freshwater (essentially ground-water) supply. columns appears that reuse and reclamation are presently the most feasible means of water supplementation for the island. Recently completed field projects on Oahu, covering a 7-year period, involving the application of secondary sewage effluent to grassland and sugarcane revealed that: (1) It does not have a detrimental effect on the vegetation or public health; (2) it serves as a fertilizer source and a sewage disposal method; (3) the quality of the leachate below the root zone is similar to that produced by agriculture practices; and (4) at least 50 percent of the applied liquid reaches the ground water when the ridge and furrow method of irrigation is employed.
Social Breakdown and the Social Distress Syndrome

Jacob Bronowski once remarked about Joseph Priestley that if you ask an impertinent question you may open the doors to a pertinent answer. To search for the impertinent question is itself impertinent; it is a tricky, even hard, road to follow. But this is the road we intend to follow as we inquire into the processes of how we institutionalize stress within our culture.
Amino acid sequence arrangements of DNA-methyltransferases.

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the classes of MTases that have been discerned, and the principal amino acid sequence motifs and arrangements that differentiate them. DNA-methyltransferases (MTases) catalyze the addition of methyl groups to adenine and cytosine residues in the DNA. The methyl group is transferred from S-adenosylmethionine. The enzymes interact with particular nucleotide (nt) sequences in DNA usually comprising four to eight specific bases and methylate an A or C residue within only these sequences. Individual MTases are specific for a particular nucleotide sequence, a particular base within the sequence, and a particular atom within the base. With rare exceptions, the enzymes recognize only double-stranded (ds) substrates and act as monomers, methylating one strand at a time. Based on the amino acid sequence, DNA methyltransferases divide naturally into those that methylate the endocyclic carbon-5 of cytosine (mSC-MTases), and those that methylate the exocyclic nitrogen of adenine and cytosine (m4C- and m6A-MTases). The former group constitutes a single, fairly homogeneous class, but the latter group is heterogeneous, comprising enzymes of three general amino acid sequence architectures, are referred in the chapter as α,β, and γ.
Host-parasite relationship of Angiostraongylus cantonensis in Lymnaea palustris. I. Intramolluscan larval growth and development.

Abstract Lymnaea palustris is susceptible to infection with viable first-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The growth and development of larvae follow a normal but more rapid pattern from the first to the third larval stage as compared with previous life cycle descriptions. Two molts occur during larval development within the snail, the first 6–8 days after infection and the second 2–4 days later. Between each molt there is a period of growth and development. Initially growth is primarily in girth, whereas growth and development from second to the third larval stage is characterized by an increase in length as girth decreases. The third stage of larval development is reached as early as 12 days after onset of infection, but more frequently this stage is not reached until 14–21 days after infection.
Effects of China's recent development in the rest of the world: With special attention to Latin America

Abstract In one respect, China's economic awakening is bad for those economies that have been technological ahead of China and that China is now catching up to. The special feature of China's advance in recent decades has been its harnessing a high volume of Chinese saving to domestic investment projects involving technology transfer through cooperative arrangements with overseas corporations in the West, especially the US. The openness of export markets to China has served to amplify the resulting investment opportunities. The result has been a phenomenal increase of productivity and of the supply of exports. The negative effect for the US and other advanced economies in the West stems from the resulting import substitution by China, thus a decline in overseas demand for US exports, hence a deterioration in the US terms of trade and resulting decline in the real factor rewards that US producers can afford to pay to domestic inputs, including labour, particularly low-skill manufacturing labor. Of course, there are in other respects some important gains for the West from China's commercial success and economic development.
Choreographing Cape Town through Goema music and dance

In this article, I address the distinctive spatial practices of Minstrel Carnival participants, exploring the ways in which paraders use their bodies to collectively lay claim to Cape Town and access urban space through sonic and embodied performances. Recent scholarship has called attention to the central narratives of slavery and emancipation contained within the Minstrel Carnival, as well as the symbolic significance of the Carnival’s re-appropriation of city space in relation to the coloured community’s colonial and apartheid experiences of dispossession, forced removals, and social dislocation.
To Caesar or To God? The Consequences of Political and Religious Discussion in Hard Times

While recent work demonstrates religiosity's role in modern political alignments, voting behavior, and issue attitudes, less is known about how people of various religious orthodoxies think about the role of religion in society, especially as it is affected by difficult economic times. We focus on how the way that people of faith communicate about this stress within their faith communities influences preferences about the role of religion in politics. To learn more about this veritable "black box" with respect to how, when, and why people connect their spiritual life to the political world, we conducted several focus groups in randomly selected Christian congregations in a mid-sized Midwestern city. Specifically, we illustrate how the intersection of religious and political discussion at church varies across faith traditions, levels of religious orthodoxy, and partisanship to cast a revealing light on the variety of ways in which faith affects political attitudes while paying special attention to those of particular faiths or religious orthodoxies that behave "against type." We show that the political issues that fall into the realms of Caesar and God vary by both religious faith and belief orthodoxy in politically meaningful ways that corroborate and uniquely amplify what survey research has revealed about the role of religion in politics. !
Self, Privacy, and Power: Is It All Over?

The realization of a multifaceted self is an ideal one strives to realize. You realize such a self in large part through interaction with others in various social roles. Such realization requires a significant degree of informational privacy. Informational privacy is the ability to determine for yourself what others may do with your information. The realization of multifaceted selves requires informational privacy in public. There is no contradiction here. Informational privacy is a matter of control, and you can have such control in public. Current information processing practices greatly reduce privacy in public thereby threatening the realization of multifaceted selves. To understand why this is happening and to figure out how to respond, we analyze the foundations of privacy in public.Privacy in public consists in privacy by obscurity and privacy by voluntary restraint. Privacy by obscurity is essentially a matter of getting lost in the crowd. Privacy by voluntary restraint was perhaps first explicitly discussed by the great nineteen century sociologist, Georg Simmel. He was impressed by the fact that people voluntarily limit their knowledge of each other as interact in various social roles. Merchants and customers, students and teachers, restaurant customers and waiters, for example, typically exchange only the information necessary to their interaction in those roles and voluntarily refrain from requesting, disclosing, or otherwise discovering more. Advances in information processing have greatly reduced both privacy by obscurity and privacy by voluntary restraint. We focus on the latter. One reason is that, as privacy by obscurity declines, the need for privacy in public by voluntary restraint increases. We confine our attention to the private sector; however, given the current corporate-government surveillance partnership, constraining private information processing is an essential part of constraining governmental processing.Unlike privacy by obscurity, you need the cooperation of others to realize privacy by voluntary restraint. We explain the cooperation by appeal to informational norms, norms that define contextually varying permissions and restrictions on the collection, use, and distribution of information. Norm-implemented coordination is essential to privacy in public (in the form of voluntary restraint), and it is this coordination that advances in information processing and related business practices undermined. This happens in two ways. First, businesses exploit existing norms to create a debased form of "coordination" that serves their interests while eroding privacy in public. Second, technology-driven business innovation has created new forms of interaction not governed by relevant information norms. This lack of norms means the lack the coordination essential to privacy in public. As privacy in public disappears, multifaceted selves face the threat of disappearing — literally — from the scene. The solution is to establish norms that ensure sufficient privacy in public. We conclude by considering the prospects for doing so.
Redefining Spirit Through the Body for the Healing and Flourishing of Trauma Survivors

Pastoral caregivers are mediators for healing both body and spirit. However, healing of the body through the spirit, and the spirit through the body is overlooked by caregiving disciplines. Different specialties emphasize more bodily healing or spiritual healing. For example, medical doctors and psychologists aim to heal bodies, while pastoral caregivers seek to heal the spirit. Additionally, this “healing” is complete once one reaches neutral functioning. I believe healing is, instead, a journey towards optimal functioning that is flourishing. In this paper, I explain how the body and spirit become disconnected in trauma survivors, and how those seeking healing ultimately are seeking to reconnect the body and spirit as one. That is to say, bodily trauma hurts the spirit, and vice versa. Secondly, I discuss the dangers of dualistic thinking and the language that separates body and spirit in society and among all types of caregivers, but especially pastoral caregivers. Finally, I connect how an integrative body/spirit approach leads to more holistic healing. Overall, I urge pastoral caregivers (as well as other disciplines) be more integrative, open-minded, and less dualistic in their approach to service and healing in order to build flourishing communities.
Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric Jet in a Coflowing Airstream

The flow development of an axisymmetric jet exhausting into a moving airstream has been studied. The jet has a Reynolds number of 22,600, and the ratio of the jet velocity to the wind tunnel velocity is 5.1 to 1. The flow field of the axisymmetric jet was examined at locations varying from approximately zero to eight diameters downstream of the orifice. Of primary concern at each downstream location was the mapping of the one point statistical properties of the flow, including mean velocity, turbulent intensity, and intermittency. Autocorrelations and power spectral density curves were determined for both the fluctuating velocity field and the concentration signal at various distances from the jet's center line for different downstream locations. A laser Doppler velocimeter, using a phase locked loop processor, was used to make the desired velocity field measurements which were compared with hot wire anemometer and pressure probe data.
In Vitro Analysis of the Very‐Low Density Lipoprotein Export from the Trans‐Golgi Network

The movement of mature VLDL particles from the TGN to the plasma membrane (PM) is a complex physiological process that plays a critical role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating these intracellular transport events had not been studied until recently because of the lack of appropriate molecular assays and techniques. This unit provides a detailed description of cell-free approaches and techniques to study the TGN-to-PM transport of the mature VLDL at the molecular level. A major emphasis is placed on the preparation and purification of sub-cellular organelles because the success of in vitro assays for the vesicle formation and fusion depends on the quality of the isolated TGN, hepatic PM and hepatic cytosol. A number of critical factors that control the formation of mature VLDL-containing vesicle, the PG-VTV, from the TGN and their subsequent targeting to and fusion with the hepatic PM have been discussed. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: trans-Golgi network (TGN); very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); post-golgi VLDL transport vesicle (PG-VTV); apolipoprotein B; endoplasmic reticulum; triacylglycerol
An ELLAM approximation for advective-dispersive transport with nonlinear equilibrium and nonequilibrium sorption

We consider an Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (ELLAM) applied to nonlinear model equations governing solute transport and sorption in porous media. Solute transport in the aqueous phase is modeled by standard advection and hydrodynamic dispersion, while two types of solid phase are distinguished --- a fraction which achieves equilibrium with the aqueous phase quickly, and another which does not. The rapidly sorbing fraction is modeled using a local equilibrium assumption, while a first-order rate expression is used for the slowly sorbing fraction. The presence of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium sorption can be challenging for Eulerian-Lagrangian methods, since information may propagate along different characteristic directions in the space-time domain. Here, we present an implementation of a finite element ELLAM (FE-ELLAM) discretization in both fully coupled and operator-split frameworks for the reactive transport model. We then evaluate our method for several test problems spanning a range of auxiliary and physical conditions and compare its performance to more standard approaches.
Seifert $G_m$-bundles

A Seifert bundle over a variety X is a variety Y with a proper action of the multiplicative group such that the quotient is X. The topological version of this notion (using circle actions) was introduced by Seifert, the holomorphic version by Orlik and Wagreich. The aim of this paper is to provide the foundational results for Seifert bundles over an arbitrary normal variety X. The main results are a classification and a smoothness criterion.
Charging War Crimes: Policy & Prognosis from a Military Perspective

This chapter highlights the import of the war crimes provisions found in Article 8 of the Rome Statute and describes the correlative considerations related to charging practices for the maturing institution. It discusses the subtleties of the Rome Statute structure insofar as they facilitate a harmonious balance between the prerogatives of responsible military commanders and the vitally important role of the Court in prosecuting perpetrators of war crimes. The text of Article 8 should not be understood either as a rejection of prior practice or an evisceration of the core precepts that were widely accepted prior to 1998. When properly understood and applied in light of the Elements of Crimes, the Court’s charging decisions with respect to the war crimes found in Article 8 ought to reflect the paradox that its operative provisions are at once revolutionary yet broadly reflective of the actual practice of warfare. Even as Article 8 embodied notable new refinements, the Rome Statute made such sweeping legal advances against a backdrop of pragmatic military practice. The logical conclusion is that the carefully constructed Statute will have been effectively abandoned if the Court habitually overrides the permissible discretion of domestic officials by displacing the proper authority of responsible military commanders based on its own preferences or the expediency of political considerations. To be more precise, judicially superimposed preferences would effectively amend the Rome Statute contrary to the intentions of the States Parties. The text of Article 8 in essence baked in a complex commingling of lex lata hard law and established state practice, as informed by the much more diffuse expectations and assessments of expert practitioners. Section 2 of this chapter examines the explicitly permissive aspects of the laws and customs of war, while Section 3 details the conformity of the Rome Statute and its constituent Elements of Crimes with that basic framework. Section 4 builds on these foundational principles to identify some of the most important consequences of the design of the Rome Statute. The chapter concludes with a series of specific recommendations that should guide prosecutorial discretion in charging decisions as well as the range of judicial decision-making. To wit, Section 4 of this chapter explains how the Court should 1) recognize the principle of the jurisdictional floor for war crimes charging that is embedded in the Rome Statute, 2) understand the implications of the Status of Forces agreements widely employed in international military operations, and 3) respect and reinforce the rationale behind the principles embedded in Article 28.
A theory of hyperfragments

A model for the structure of hyperfragments is developed which is similar to the shell model for ordinary nuclei. The projection theorem relations fors andp shell hyperfragments are worked out and the case of two-particle interactions is dealt with in detail. The interaction parameters fors andp shell hyperfragments are deduced by a fit with the experimental data and the goodness of fit achieved on the model is satisfactory. An interesting inference is that4HeΛ has zero spin and hence the kaon is pseudoscalar. A chart of the hyperfragments including energy levels, stability and possible spins is presented. As a further application of the projection theorem an expression is derived for the magnetic moments of various hypernuclei. The present model is compared with previous work and some comments on the plausibility of the model are made.
Characterization of Protein Clusters of Diverse Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Dynamic Interactions with Human Cells

Although nanoparticle/protein binding and the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles have been separately reported, there has been no study linking the nature of nanoparticle/protein clusters to cell uptake and the dynamic cellular responses. We report here that water-soluble iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different sizes and surface chemistry bind different serum proteins in terms of protein identity and quantity without changing the protein secondary structures. Carboxylated MNPs (and aminated one in smaller MNPs) resulted in higher cytotoxicity, and PEG coating reduced both cell uptake and the cytotoxicity. Smaller MNPs (especially the carboxylated one) bind more serum proteins, are much less taken up by cells as compared to larger particles, and yet elicit more dynamic cytotoxic responses. Besides the intrinsic effects of size and surface charge of the water-soluble MNPs, the cellular effects of MNPs/protein clusters were also attributed to the identity and quantity of the adsorbed protein...
Laser desorption‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: a novel ion source for the direct coupling of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to mass spectrometry

Laser desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LD-APCI-MS) is presented for the atmospheric pressure (AP) sampling of tryptic peptides directly from a polyacrylamide gel. In contrast to other gel sampling mass spectrometric approaches, this technique does not require the addition of any exogenous matrices to the gel to assist with ionization. In this arrangement, a CO2 laser at 10.6 µm is used to desorb intact neutral peptide molecules from the gel, followed by ionization in the gas-phase with APCI. The ions are then sampled via a heated capillary inlet and transferred to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer for mass analysis. Preliminary results suggest the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis–LD-APCI-MS technique provides several advantages that could translate into a more convenient, robust methodology for the rapid identification and characterization of proteins. Finally, strategies regarding the further development of the method are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of gap heating due to stepped tiles in zero pressure gradient regions of the Shuttle Orbiter Thermal Protection System

An analytical study is presented which investigates the cause of the excessive heating in the tile-to-tile gaps of the Shuttle Orbiter Thermal Protection System, as evidenced by the visible discoloration and charring of the filler bar and strain isolation pad used in the attachment of tiles to the aluminum substrate. Techniques are developed to estimate the pressure disturbances due to a stepped tile and to calculate the disturbance-induced mass flow rates in the tile-to-tile gaps, filler bar, strain isolation pad, and the tile itself. A thermal analysis in the tile-to-tile gap is then performed in order to determine the temperature response to the hot gas flow. Calculations are performed at locations on the fuselage and the left wing where damaged filler bars were observed on the first flight of the Shuttle. It is concluded that the steps and gaps must be controlled within tight tolerances during tile installation and the tolerances must be maintained in flight. If the tolerances cannot be maintained, tile-to-tile gap filler may be an alternative.
Effects of Induced Motor Gestures on Vocal Output

The communicative act is a complex phenomenon involving gestural and expressive, as well as vocal, components. In the present experiment, the relationship between gestural and vocal components was studied by imposing an arbitrary gesture on a speaker and examining its effect on his verbal output. Subjects either performed or viewed a circular or linear gesture, and were required to simultaneously produce either short stories or words in restricted categories. Analysis of the story protocols showed a significant effect of gesture type in both the observed and produced conditions. No such effect was found for word production. These results suggest that meaning was conveyed by the gestures, and that the gestural and vocal systems are not independent during the communicative act. Furthermore, the gesture is capable of constraining the content of vocal output at the ideational level of production (stories), but not at the level of production of individual words.
First Report of Thiophanate-Methyl Resistance in Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry from South Carolina

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is the causal agent of gray mold disease and one of the most important plant-pathogenic fungi affecting strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa). Control of gray mold mainly depends on fungicides, including the methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) thiophanate-methyl. In 2011, strawberries with gray mold symptoms were collected from commercial fields near Chesnee, Florence, Lexington, McBee, Monetta, and North Augusta, all in South Carolina. MBC fungicides were used in most of these fields for gray mold control during the last 3 years. A total of 124 single spore B. cinerea isolates were obtained, each from a different fruit. Resistance to thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M 70WP, Cerexagri-Nisso LLC, King of Prussia, PA) was determined using a conidial germination assay as described previously (1). The majority of isolates (81.4%) were resistant; the rest were sensitive. Resistant isolates were found in all locations with some populations (Chesnee, McBee, and Lexington) revealing no sensitive i...
The X-Ray Warm Absorber in NGC 3516

The Seyfert 1 galaxy, NGC 3516 has been the subject of many absorption line studies at both ultra-violet and X-ray wavelengths. In the UV, strong, broad, variable associated metal line absorption with velocity width approximately 2000 km s(exp -1) is thought to originate in gas with N(sub H)greater than or approximately 10(exp 10)cm (exp -2) lying between 0.01 and 9 pc from the central active nucleus. The Ginga X-ray data are consistent with several possibilities: a warm absorber and a cold absorber combined either with partial covering or an unusually strong reflection spectrum. We present ROSAT observations of NGC 3516 which show a strong detection of a warm absorber dominated by a blend of 0 VII/O VIII edges at approximately 0.8 keV with N(sub H) approximately 7x10(exp 21)cm(exp -2), and U:8-12. We argue that NGC 3516 contains an outflowing 'XUV' absorber showing the presence of X-ray absorption edges which are consistent with the presence of broad absorption lines in the old IUE spectra and their disappearance in the new UV observations. Our dynamical model suggests that the O VII absorption edge will continue to weaken compared to the O VIII edge, an easily testable prediction with future missions like AXAF. Eventually the source would be transparent to the X-rays unless a new absorption system is produced.