cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventing wind turbine overspeed in highly turbulent wind events using disturbance accommodating control and light detection and ranging

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems can be used to provide wind inflow information to a wind turbine controller before the wind reaches the turbine. Both fatigue and extreme load reduction are possible as a result; in this research, we propose a LIDAR-based controller designed to prevent emergency shutdowns caused by rotor overspeed. This switching controller consists of a disturbance accommodating control (DAC)-based baseline controller and a different DAC linearized about a reduced generator speed for extreme events, also referred to as an extreme event controller. Switching between the controllers was performed using linear interpolation over various transition times, depending on how early the extreme event could be detected. If a gust of wind is detected using LIDAR measurements evaluated by a one-sided cumulative summation algorithm, a relatively long transition time can be used. Switching can also be based on a large output estimation error, ey, in which case the transition time is shorter. Once the extreme event passed, control is switched from the extreme event controller back to the baseline DAC. This switching controller resulted in fewer overspeeds when compared with the modified baseline controller, which is a gain scheduled DAC. By preventing overspeeds, the switching controller increased the mean power the wind turbine generated over a simulated 10 min period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training Teachers in Human Sexuality: Effect on Attitude and Knowledge:

The current study investigated the extent to which a 9-wk. course on human sexuality for teachers changed their knowledge and attitudes. Significant changes were found from the pre- to post-course assessment on both measures of knowledge. The only significant change in attitude scores, however, was on the Autoeroticism Attitude Scale. This pilot program encourages further exploration of the differences in methodological approaches and the long-term effects of training on specific attitudes and knowledge.
Reinforcement Learning with a Supervisor for a Mobile Robot in a Real-world Environment

This paper describes two experiments with supervised reinforcement learning (RL) on a real, mobile robot. Two types of experiments were preformed. One tests the robot's reliability in implementing a navigation task it has been taught by a supervisor. The other, in which new obstacles are placed along the previously learned path to the goal, measures the robot's robustness to changes in environment. Supervision consisted of human-guided, remote-controlled runs through a navigation task during the initial stages of reinforcement learning. The RL algorithms deployed enabled the robot to learn a path to a goal yet retain the ability to explore different solutions when confronted with a new obstacle. Experimental analysis was based on measurements of average time to reach the goal, the number of failed states encountered during an episode, and how closely the RL learner matched the supervisor's actions.
Warthin tumors do not have microsatellite instability and express normal DNA mismatch repair proteins.

Abstract Context.—Warthin tumors are controversial entities with a poorly understood etiology. Although some investigators have suggested a neoplastic origin, others have supported a developmental anomaly. A recent study described the absence of staining for hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins in the epithelial component of Warthin tumors, suggesting that they arise secondary to defects in the DNA mismatch repair system. Objective.—To determine if Warthin tumors exhibit evidence of DNA mismatch repair defects. Design.—Immunostains for hMLH1 and hMSH2 were performed using a standard approach. Microdissection of the epithelial component was followed by DNA extraction from the tissue fragments. Polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis analyses were performed for the following 5 National Cancer Institute–recommended microsatellites: D2s123, D5s346, D17s250, BAT25, and BAT26. Patients.—Twelve patients with Warthin tumors were included. Results.—The immunostains for hMLH1 and hMSH2 showed preserved expressi...
Integrated pulse stretchers for high-energy CPA and OPCPA systems

Pulse stretchers are critical components in chirped pulse amplification (CPA) and optical parametric CPA (OPCPA) laser systems. In CPA systems, pulse stretching and compression is typical accomplished using bulk diffraction gratings; however integrated devices such volume or fiber Bragg gratings can provide similar optical performance with significantly smaller footprint and simplified alignment. In this work, we discuss the use of such integrated devices to stretch a 100 fs pulse to 400 ps with customized third order dispersion for use in a multi-TW Ti:Sapphire system as well as integrated optics to control the pulse duration in pump lasers for OPCPA systems.
Instructional uses of computing in the health sciences. An annotated bibliography.

Literature on the use of computers for instruction in the medical and health professions was surveyed for a 20-year period. More than 150 articles were located dealing with actual or proposed applications of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) to the education of physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, and allied health professionals. The resulting bibliography provides an overview of the history of CAI and a summary of CAI activities as reflected in the published literature.
DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY IN SPECIES AND HYBRIDS OF LIATRIS.

The genome may be viewed as a harmoniously coadapted and integrated gene ensemble which mediates a broad and complex array of developmental processes whose successful completion is essential for viability, vigor, and fertility. The genomes of related species, while possessing these attributes, differ in their genetic constitution and in the type of epistatic interactions which confer maximal fitness. Consequently, these genomes may not be capable of interacting in a harmonious fashion, when joined in an interspecific hybrid. Genome incompatibility in hybrids may be based upon negative interactions between parental genes and chromosomes, embryo and surrounding tissues, genes and cytoplasm, and plastids and cytoplasm, and will be expressed in the form of hybrid inviability, weakness, and sterility (cf. Stebbins, 1958; Grant, 1963). The antagonisms which are manifested prior to germination or during reproduction have been critically analyzed in numerous plant genera. On the other hand, relatively little is known of the antagonisms which underlie the development of the plant body. The development of any expression is to some extent resistant to modification by fluctuations in the external or internal environment (Waddington, 1961). This resistance or buffering is conferred by regulatory interactions during morphogenesis which are mediated by complex feed-back mechanisms. When these interactions are interrupted or disrupted by stress generated by the external environment or the genotype, development deviates from the prescribed geometry, and intragenotypic variability in repeating or paired structures ensues. Interspecific hybrids by virtue of the lack of coadaptation of their genomes may be expected to experience developmental instability to a greater extent than their parents when exposed to the same environmental regimes. Such has been observed in hybrids of Antirrhinum (Lotsy, 1916; Stubbe, 1959, 1963), Aesculus (Hardin, 1957), Geum (Gajewski, 1953), Digitalis (Schwanitz, 1957), Lycopersicon (Rick and Smith, 1953; Tal, 1967), Gilia (Grant, 1956), Layia x Madia (Clausen, 1958), Phyllanthus (Webster, 1959), Baptisia (Alston, 1965), Linanthus (Huether, 1966), Phlox (Levin and Levy, 1970) and many genera of ferns (Wagner, 1962). The present study was undertaken with the hope of demonstrating the effect of hybridity on developmental stability. Three species of Liatris (L. aspera Michx., L. cylindracea Michx., and L. spicata Willd.) and their natural hybrids were chosen as experimental material because hybrids were abundant, and the species are distantly related (Gaiser, 1946). Furthermore, there is a good deal of information on the genetic and ecologic structure of the population which the hybrids and species comprised (Hadley and Levin, 1967; Levin, 1968, 1969). For a comparison of the salient morphological attributes of the species and hybrids the reader is referred to the aforementioned papers. Suffice it to say that the hybrids are quite distinctive and vigorous.
Effect of nephrectomy and splanchnicectomy on plasma disappearance of labeled insulin in the rabbit.

SummaryThe plasma clearance and consumption of I131 labeled insulin was determined in normal, nephrectomized and splanchnicectomized rabbits. The rate constant for plasma disappearance of labeled material was decreased by nephrectomy but not by splanchnicectomy. The plasma clearance of insulin was decreased by splanchnicectomy but the remaining renal circulation was able to maintain the consumption rate of insulin at a normal level.
Surgery analysis on acute intussusception in 45 cases of infants

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of infants with intussusception.Methods: The clinical data of clinical manifestation,diagnostic method,surgical method in 45 cases of infants with intussusception in our hospital from January to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively,and the results were summarized.Results: 45 cases were all cured,no case was dead.Conclusion: Early diagnosis,rational selection of auxiliary examination,corrective dispose of intraoperation and postoperation is the key to successfully treat acute intussusceptions and reduce the complications.
Analysis of the Intellectual Property in Website Information Resources Construction

This paper approaches the concepts of intellectual property in building network information resources from the angle of web site operation.Based on the condition of intellectual property protection nowadays,we make a claim to avoid intellectual property infringements.
Replication of Human Norovirus RNA in Mammalian Cells Reveals Lack of Interferon Response.

UNLABELLED Human noroviruses (HuNoVs), named after the prototype strain Norwalk virus (NV), are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Studies on the related murine norovirus (MNV) have demonstrated the importance of an interferon (IFN) response in host control of virus replication, but this remains unclear for HuNoVs. Despite the lack of an efficient cell culture infection system, transfection of stool-isolated NV RNA into mammalian cells leads to viral RNA replication and virus production. Using this system, we show here that NV RNA replication is sensitive to type I (α/β) and III (interleukin-29 [IL-29]) IFN treatment. However, in cells capable of a strong IFN response to Sendai virus (SeV) and poly(I·C), NV RNA replicates efficiently and generates double-stranded RNA without inducing a detectable IFN response. Replication of HuNoV genogroup GII.3 strain U201 RNA, generated from a reverse genetics system, also does not induce an IFN response. Consistent with a lack of IFN induction, NV RNA replication is enhanced neither by neutralization of type I/III IFNs through neutralizing antibodies or the soluble IFN decoy receptor B18R nor by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) or interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in the IFN induction pathways. In contrast to other positive-strand RNA viruses that block IFN induction by targeting MAVS for degradation, MAVS is not degraded in NV RNA-replicating cells, and an SeV-induced IFN response is not blocked. Together, these results indicate that HuNoV RNA replication in mammalian cells does not induce an IFN response, suggesting that the epithelial IFN response may play a limited role in host restriction of HuNoV replication. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to lack of an efficient cell culture system and robust small-animal model, little is known about the innate host defense to these viruses. Studies on murine norovirus (MNV) have shown the importance of an interferon (IFN) response in host control of MNV replication, but this remains unclear for HuNoVs. Here, we investigated the IFN response to HuNoV RNA replication in mammalian cells using Norwalk virus stool RNA transfection, a reverse genetics system, IFN neutralization reagents, and shRNA knockdown methods. Our results show that HuNoV RNA replication in mammalian epithelial cells does not induce an IFN response, nor can it be enhanced by blocking the IFN response. These results suggest a limited role of the epithelial IFN response in host control of HuNoV RNA replication, providing important insights into our understanding of the host defense to HuNoVs that differs from that to MNV.
Manufacturability tools: an engineer's use and needs

The Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) has successfully incorporated design for manufacturability (DFM) as a company philosophy by disseminating several assembly analysis techniques. HP is using the results of this philosophy to help identify future DFM needs. This work contains a history of DFM tools at HP, a discussion of the contributions, the shortcomings of these tools in the electronics manufacturing environment, and some recommendations to designers of DFM tools. For DFM tools to have a significant impact on manufacturing cost, design engineers must use them throughout the design process. The tools should be easy to use and provide the designer with beneficial analysis and advice. >
Integrating Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory into a sport psychology classroom using a golf-putting activity

The purpose of this article is to describe the integration of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) within an undergraduate sport psychology course. According to Kolb, experiential learning occ...
Russellianism and prediction

Russellianism (also called `neo-Russellianism’, `Millianism’, and `thenaive theory') entails that substitution of co-referring names inattitude ascriptions preserves truth value and proposition expressed.Thus, on this view, if Lucy wants Twain to autograph her book, thenshe also wants Clemens to autograph her book, even if she says ``I donot want Clemens to autograph my book''. Some philosophers (includingMichael Devitt and Mark Richard) claim that attitude ascriptions canbe used to predict behavior, but argue that if Russellianism weretrue, then this would not be so. They conclude that Russellianism isfalse. I defend Russellianism from this objection. I present severalanalyses of ``sentence S can be used to predict event E''. I arguethat, on each of these analyses, attitude ascriptions can be used topredict behavior, even if Russellianism is true. Furthermore, if myarguments are incorrect, and attitude ascriptions cannot be used topredict behavior under Russellianism, then Russellians can explainaway the intuition that they can be so used.
Time Series Categorization of Driving Maneuvers Using Acceleration Signals

Two methods of time series analysis were applied to naturalistic driving data. The SAX method reduces the dimensionality of the data by discretizing and quantizing it into distinct symbols. The matrix profile method works on raw data and computes a Euclidian distance measure between subsequences of the time series. Both methods can be used to search for motifs and discords (anomalies) in the data. We discuss the applications of these methods to look for driving patterns and show an example of a left turn that was identified using both methods. After comparing the methods, the matrix profile was the preferred method.
Tributo a Graziella Magherini. I viaggi di Freud e la Sindrome di Stendhal

L’esperienza di estraniazione di Freud sul Partenone di Atene e la sua angoscia e fuga dalla chiesa di Roma di fronte al capolavoro di Michelangelo, il Mose, sono in realta esempi trascurati di Sindrome di Stendhal, che riguardano sia la storia della psicoanalisi che la stessa psicobiografia di Freud. La discussione sulle sue reazioni comprende sia il contesto psicoanalitico che quello storico, sociale ed artistico. Le conseguenze della precoce fobia dei viaggi da parte di Freud, le fantasie dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza verranno collegate alla psicologia dei disturbi dei visitatori di lontani luoghi d’arte e di musei
John R. Kelly. 1987. Freedom to Be: A New Sociology of Leisure

(1987). John R. Kelly. 1987. Freedom to Be: A New Sociology of Leisure. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 246-247.
Effect of Fitbit and iPad Wearable Technology in Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer face significant challenges with regard to fatigue, reduced physical activity, and social isolation, which may negatively impact quali...
Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics in the Icu:

ObjectiveTo solicit practitioner-perceived opinions regarding current sedative/analgesic/paralytic practice including drug selection, admixture methods, and methods of assessing patient response to...
Utilization of Low Vision in Adults who are Severely Visually Handicapped

Emphasis upon more efficient and effective use of residual vision is vital to the rehabilitation process of visually impaired adults. Labels of blindness limit motivation to use remaining vision. P...
Improving energy efficiency of an austenitization furnace by heat integration and real-time optimization

We study the effect of heat integration on fuel savings for a currently operating industrial austenitization furnace. More than 40% of the heat input to the system (heated indirectly by radiant-tube burners) is discharged in the burner exhaust. We report on the potential energy savings resulting from capturing some of the exhaust heat to preheat the inlet air to the burner using a recuperator — a specialized gas-to-gas heat exchanger. The novelty of this work is the development of a detailed model of the recuperator, capturing essential physics such as local convection and long-range surface-to-surface radiation heat transfer, and using the model for simulation and operational optimization of the furnace. The operation of the furnace with a recuperator installed at every burner requires 15.93% less fuel input to the system compared to the base case without recuperators, with negligible changes in the part exit conditions. Optimization of the furnace using a response-surface methodology further reduces the fuel consumption by 5.87%.
Parameterized Heuristics for Incomplete Weighted CSPs

The key assumption in Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems (WCSPs) is that all constraints are specified a priori. This assumption does not hold in some applications that involve users preferences. Incomplete WCSPs (IWCSPs) extend WCSPs by allowing some constraints to be partially specified. Unfortunately, existing IWCSP approaches either guarantee to return optimal solutions or not provide any quality guarantees on solutions found. To bridge the two extremes, we propose a number of parameterized heuristics that allow users to find boundedly-suboptimal solutions, where the error bound depends on user-defined parameters. These heuristics thus allow users to trade off solution quality for fewer elicited preferences and faster computation times.
Endothelial Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (Bmp2) Knockout Exacerbates Hemochromatosis in Homeostatic Iron Regulator (Hfe) Knockout Mice but not Bmp6 Knockout Mice.

Background and aims Bone morphogenetic proteins BMP2 and BMP6 play key roles in systemic iron homeostasis by regulating production of the iron hormone hepcidin. The homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) also regulates hepcidin through a mechanism that intersects with the BMP-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1/5/8 (SMAD1/5/8) pathway. However, the relative roles of BMP2 compared with BMP6 and whether HFE regulates hepcidin through a BMP2-dependent mechanism remain uncertain. Approach and results We therefore examined the iron phenotype of mice deficient for both Bmp2 and Bmp6 or both Bmp2 and Hfe compared with single knockout (KO) mice and littermate controls. Eight-week-old double endothelial Bmp6/Bmp2 KO mice exhibited a similar degree of hepcidin deficiency, serum iron overload, and tissue iron overload compared with single KO mice. Notably, dietary iron loading still induced liver SMAD5 phosphorylation and hepcidin in double Bmp6/endothelial Bmp2 KO mice, although no other BMP ligand mRNAs were increased in the livers of double KO mice, and only Bmp6 and Bmp2 mRNA were induced by dietary iron loading in wild-type mice. In contrast, double Hfe/endothelial Bmp2 KO mice exhibited reduced hepcidin and increased extrahepatic iron loading compared to single Hfe or endothelial Bmp2 KO mice. Liver phosphorylated SMAD5 and the SMAD1/5/8 target inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) mRNA were also reduced in double Hfe/endothelial Bmp2 KO compared with single endothelial Bmp2 KO female mice. Finally, hepcidin and Id1 mRNA induction by homodimeric BMP2, homodimeric BMP6, and heterodimeric BMP2/6 were blunted in Hfe KO primary hepatocytes. Conclusions These data suggest that BMP2 and BMP6 work collaboratively to regulate hepcidin expression, that BMP2-independent and BMP6-independent SMAD1/5/8 signaling contributes a nonredundant role to hepcidin regulation by iron, and that HFE regulates hepcidin at least in part through a BMP2-independent but SMAD1/5/8-dependent mechanism.
The effects of DEM interpolation on quantifying soil surface roughness using terrestrial LiDAR

Abstract Soil surface roughness (SSR) is often calculated based on the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) obtained by interpolating points from terrestrial LiDAR measurements. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DEM interpolation and interpolation methods on quantification of SSR. A series of rainfall at the intensity of 59 and 178 mm hr−1 were simulated on a 2 by 6.1 m stony soil plot under 12 % and 20 % slope treatments. LiDAR measurements were conducted after each rainfall simulation at six positions around the soil plot. DEMs gridded at 5 and 10 mm were generated from LiDAR points using Inverse Distance Weighting, Natural Neighbors and Universal Kriging methods implemented in ESRI ArcGIS 10.5. Random roughness index (RR) was calculated based on the LiDAR-interpolated DEMs and LiDAR points directly and then compared. Results showed: 1) average values of RR from the DEMs were under-predicted compared to those directly calculated from LiDAR points by 7%–20%, indicating smoothing of the modeled surface during the interpolation process; 2) RR from LiDAR points indicated that soil surface became rougher as rainfall was progressed; 3) DEM errors increased as the surfaces evolved to rougher states and when 10 mm resolution was used; 4) the temporal SSR variations using the DEMs were -0.27 and -0.19 mm at 20 % slope and 0.30 and 0.36 mm at 12 % slope for the resolution 10 and 5 mm, respectively, while they were 0.22 mm at 20 % slope and 0.65 mm at 12 % slope when LiDAR points were directly used, the differences are due to the resulting increased DEM errors as the surface became rougher that masked the true changes in soil surface roughness. This study shows that at plot scale, DEMs generated through interpolations from LiDAR points underestimate soil surface roughness and are ineffective at tracking changes in soil surface roughness over time, and that LiDAR point data must be used instead at present scale.
Real-Valued Sparse Bayesian Learning for Off-Grid Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) Estimation in Ocean Acoustics

Real-valued sparse representation methods have recently become popular for directions of arrival (DOAs) of unknown and possibly correlated signals using an array of sensors. Such a representation is useful when it is not straightforward to extend sparse representation algorithms, which are specifically designed in the real domain, to the complex domain or when the array output is represented in the sparse covariance domain. However, most existing real-valued sparse representation methods simply separate the real and imaginary parts of the signals, which are possibly complex, and treat them independently, rather than simultaneously, to impose the sparsity constraint. We use a unitary transformation-based real-valued sparse representation approach to convert the problem of estimating the DOAs from complex to the real domain for a uniform linear array. A fully automatic sparse Bayesian learning principle-based algorithm is then proposed to estimate the DOAs by simultaneously imposing the sparsity constraint on both the real and imaginary parts of the signals. This is in contrast to conventional deterministic sparse signal processing methods, which require tuning of regularization parameters, making them unsuitable to be used in practice where the ground truth is usually unknown. Since in practice, the DOAs of signals may not be exactly aligned with the predefined angular grids, we use an off-grid model to infer the off-grid DOAs. Using the singular value decomposition directly on the array output, the proposed real-valued DOA estimation can also be carried out in the same dimensional space as the original complex domain, which results in a reduction of computational complexity. Moreover, since in ocean acoustics, signals are usually wideband, we extend our proposed narrowband algorithm to the wideband case, where we estimate one spatial power spectrum by simultaneously exploiting sparsity from all frequency bins. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the proposed algorithms by analyzing both narrowband and wideband correlated multipath signals from a shallow water high-frequency (namely, HF97) ocean acoustic experiment.
HYPERKÄHLER ARNOLD CONJECTURE AND ITS GENERALIZATIONS

We generalize and refine the hyperkahler Arnold conjecture, which was originally established, in the non-degenerate case, for three-dimensional time by Hohloch, Noetzel and Salamon by means of hyperkahler Floer theory. In particular, we prove the conjecture in the case where the time manifold is a multidimensional torus and also establish the degenerate version of the conjecture. Our method relies on Morse theory for generating functions and a finite-dimensional reduction along the lines of the Conley–Zehnder proof of the Arnold conjecture for the torus.
Selective high harmonics generated from a carbon nanotube

Selective high-order harmonic radiation can be generated when circularly polarized driving fields interact with single-walled carbon nanotubes. We obtain a gauge-covariant Hamiltonian for electrons confined to a nanotube surface in the presence of a circularly polarized electromagnetic field. Regularized delta-functions are used to approximate the $${\pi }$$ -bonds in the nanotube unit cells, and the electron dynamics, in the presence of the field, is analyzed. The high harmonic radiation occurs for incident field intensities high enough to induce significant nonlinearities and chaos in the electron dynamics. Both (5, 5) and (10, 10) armchair nanotubes are considered and the electron quantum dynamics is modeled using Floquet–Bloch theory. The behavior of the quasienergy spectrum, Floquet states, and the electron current are described for varying intensities of the incident field. We show that, for incident radiation with frequency $${\omega }$$ , the emitted radiation for a (p, p) armchair nanotube will be $$(2p\pm 1){\omega }$$ , $$(4p\pm 1){\omega }$$ , etc.
An investigation of new medications initiation during ambulatory care visits in patients with dementia

Abstract Background There is currently insufficient data describing how new medications are provided to older adult ambulatory patients with dementia in the United States (US). Objectives To describe characteristics of ambulatory care visits for adults ≥65 years old and investigate differences in prescribing of new medications between patients with and without dementia. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) in the US. Non-perioperative ambulatory care visits of patients ≥65 years old with sampling weights were used to provide national estimates of visits. Baseline characteristics were compared between visits for patients with and without dementia using Pearson's chi square or Student's t-tests. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds of receiving a new medication. Results 218,182,131 non-perioperative ambulatory care visits of patients ≥65 years old were included, 2.1% of which were for patients with dementia; these patients were older on average and had more comorbidities and higher ambulatory care utilization than those without dementia. New medications were provided at 26.3% of visits for patients with dementia. After adjusting for confounders, there was no statistically significant difference in odds of a new medication being provided between visits for patients with and without dementia (odds ratio [OR], 0.555; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.183–1.678). Differences were seen in the provision of cholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotics, and central nervous system agents at visits for patients with dementia (p = 0.0011, Conclusion While fewer visits for patients with dementia provided new medications compared to patients without dementia, after adjusting for confounders no significant difference were identified. Significant differences were seen in the classes of new medications provided. Further investigation is needed to evaluate new medication usage and the utility of pharmacists in the care of patients with dementia at an outpatient setting.
Female Child Soldiering, Gender Violence, and Feminist Theologies: Edited by Susan Willhauck. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 195 pp., $99.99 (hardcover). ISBN: 9783030219819

Why do young women become child soldiers and suffer from gender-based violence? In Female Child Soldiering, Gender Violence, and Feminist Theologies, the contributors present an impressively wide a...
Computational Structural Genomics Unravels Common Folds and Novel Families in the Secretome of Fungal Phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae

Structural biology has the potential to illuminate the evolution of pathogen effectors and their commonalities that cannot be readily detected at the primary sequence level. Recent breakthroughs in...
Abstract P363: Circulating Soluble CD163 and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Older Persons: The Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS)

Introduction: Macrophages play important roles in atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability. CD163 is a macrophage specific receptor involved in the clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes; soluble CD163 (sCD163) may be a useful biomarker to assess macrophage activation. We are not aware of epidemiologic studies of sCD163 levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Also it is not known whether common genetic variants are associated with sCD163. Methods: We tested whether sCD163 was associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and incident clinical events (overall mortality, coronary heart disease [CHD], myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, and congestive heart failure [CHF]) in 4,577 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants (95% white, 5% black; age range 65-100 y). We used linear regression with adjustment for sex, age, race, study site, current smoking, BMI, hypertension status, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and LDL cholesterol to test for association between sCD163 and IMT. We used 2 Cox proportional hazards models for incident events analyses: (1) adjusting for sex, age, race, study site, and current smoking; (2) model 1 plus BMI, hypertension status, SBP, LDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), and fibrinogen. We also performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for sCD163 in 2,769 unrelated CHS white participants, using Hapmap 2 imputed SNPs. Results: sCD163 was positively associated with female sex, white race, age, BMI, SBP, CRP, IL6 and fibrinogen, negatively associated with current smoking status (p&lt0.0001), and not associated with LDL cholesterol or hypertension status. After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, sCD163 was positively associated with carotid IMT (p=0.027). In model 1, increased sCD163 levels were associated with overall mortality (p&lt0.0001), incident CHD (p=0.0034), incident stroke (p=0.016), and incident CHF (p&lt0.0001), but not incident MI (p=0.069). None of the model 2 analyses resulted in significant associations (all p&gt0.05). Five variants upstream of chromosome 2q gene MGAT5 (top result rs4954118, p=7.1x10-14) and a single variant (rs314253, p=6.0x10-13) on chromosome 17p between ASGR1 and DLG4 were significantly (p&lt5x10-8) associated with sCD163. The top result near the CD163 gene was for upstream variant rs6488429 (p=8.2x10-5). Conclusions: sCD163 was associated with carotid IMT after accounting for established CVD risk factors. There were associations of sCD163 with mortality and incident clinical CVD, although associations were attenuated after adjustment for other risk factors. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether results are similar in younger age groups and other populations. The significant results in the GWAS for sCD163 implicate novel molecular pathways that warrant future fine-mapping and functional studies.
Property Rights and Income Inequality

We establish the relationship between property rights and income inequality within 22 former European colonies. The key, unexpected result is: stronger property rights are associated with higher income inequality levels. We provide plausible explanations for these findings.
Frequency measurement for QCM applications

It is desirable for QCM response time (time to measure a frequency change Δf) to be as short as possible, particularly for newer applications of QCM technology such as biochemistry, environmental monitoring for explosives, intrusion detection as well as a microbalance. A new method for making high resolution, rapid frequency measurements is described. The method is applicable for uncoated or functionalized crystals, as the application demands. For a 5 MHz crystal a conservative estimation time for a Δf of 0.1 Hz is less than 1 msec.
Decomposing the determinants of trade deficits: Turkey in the 1970s

Abstract Persistent trade deficits in developing countries have followed the increases in crude oil prices of the 1970s. This paper examines through econometric estimation and shock decomposition analysis this persistence for the Turkish economy. Results highlight the primary role played in trade deficit creation by government tariff and exchange rate policies; also of interest is the measured responsiveness of the private economy to price incentives offered both by changing international conditions and government policy. The Turkish economy provides an empirical example of contractionary devaluation; the importance of devaluation cum liberalization for deficit reduction and economic growth is established.
The Effect of 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine on the Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Pyrimidines in Precancerous Rat Liver

Precancerous livers were induced in rats by feeding the animals a diet containing 0.05 % (w/w) of the hepatocarcinogenic azo dye-3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for 3 weeks. The contribution of de novo gnd salvage pathways to the synthesis of DNA pyrimidines in precancerous liver in vivo was monitored by simultaneously measuring the incorporation of [6-14C]orotic acid into DNA cytosine and DNA thymine and of [ methyl -3H]-thymidine into DNA thymine, respectively. The incorporation of these precursors into total liver DNA, the DNA of hepatic cell suspensions, and the DNA of different classes of hepatic nuclei was determined. In addition, the activities of deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase (dCMP aminohydrolase, EC [3.5.4.12][1]), thymidine kinase (ATP: thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC [2.7.1.21][1]) and thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1b) were measured in hepatic cell suspensions and in whole homogenates prepared from precancerous liver. These studies emphasize that, with regard to several aspects of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism, precancerous liver is composed of a heterogeneous population of cells. The use of thymidine incorporation as the sole measure of the rate of DNA synthesis is shown to be questionable, and it is suggested that simultaneous assessment of both de novo and salvage pathways for the synthesis of DNA precursors is required for an accurate estimate of the extent of DNA synthesis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Drs. J. A. and E. C. Miller for providing the special diets used in these studies, and Dr. C. Heidelberger for providing the FUdR. [1]: pending:yes
Sensitivity to unconjugated pregnandiol.

Abstract A patient allergic to pregnandiol was studied during a pregnancy when symptoms of ovarian pain, vomiting. and urinary retention similar to those she had previously experienced premenstrually continued to recur cyclically. Extreme skin sensitivity to pregnandiol was demonstrated on four occasions, two when she was having severe symptoms and two when she was well. When she was having symptoms, the reaction to 0.1 to 0.2 mcg. of 3 alpha, 20 alpha pregnandiol given intracutaneously developed within 5 minutes and the symptoms were aggravated. When she was well, the wheal developed in 10 to 20 minutes and identical symptoms were produced. Thirteen 24 hour urine specimens were assayed for both free and conjugated pregnandiol. In five specimens obtained when the patient was having severe symptoms, 13 per cent to 66 per cent of the pregnandiol was unconjugated. In seven specimens obtained when she was well, 2 per cent to 24 per cent was in the frec form. During the 24 hours before delivery, when there were no symptoms other than those normally associated with labor, 66 per cent of the pregnandiol was unconjugated. Assay of nine 24 hour specimens of urine from a normal pregnant woman showed 0 to 6 per cent of the pregnandiol unconjugated. It is postulated that conjugation of pregnandiol with glucuronic acid is a protective mechanism and that the free steroid is responsible both for the inception of allergy to pregnandiol in susceptible women and for the later cyclic recurrence of symptoms.
Male Inmate Perceptions of the Visitation Experience: Suggestions on How Prisons Can Promote Inmate–Family Relationships

There is a lack of empircal research on male inmate experiences with familial contact and visitation. Utilizing surveys and interviews of men incarcerated in a southwestern correctional facilitiy, ...
The transformation of α-Fe nanoparticles into multi-domain FeNi–M3O4 (M = Fe, Ni) heterostructures by galvanic exchange

In this work we describe a novel method to prepare multi-domain metal–metal oxide heterostructured nanoparticles (NPs). We investigated the ability of Ni(acac)2 to undergo galvanic exchange with pre-synthesized metallic α-Fe NPs. Findings indicate that an asymmetric heterostructure emerges from the exchange, which is followed by rapid oxidation to form a NiFe–M3O4 (M = Fe, Ni) alloy-oxide microstructure. Nucleation and growth was monitored using UV-vis and TEM, and crystal evolution, composition change, and oxidation states were measured by XRD and XPS respectively. Galvanic exchange and growth was studied by varying Ni:Fe molar feed ratios during synthesis. The findings indicate that at low Ni:Fe ratios, the NP forms multiple domains of oxides, whereas at higher ratios form regions with novel Ni–NiFe–M3O4 interfaces. These new heterostructures were highly magnetic, and the extent of magnetization was proportional to composition and morphology, where NPs prepared at high Ni:Fe feed ratios resulted in decreased saturation magnetization and increased magnetic hysteresis. The nickel deposition and NP growth mechanism was considered as a combination of both galvanic exchange and reduction, and the observed rapid oxidation of the remaining α-Fe core was considered in light of electron density change at the heterostructures interfaces. Nanomaterials like these may find use as components in magnetic storage and spintronic devices, probes in biomedicine, additives in corrosion resistant coatings, and even as 3D printing inks.
Viscous energy loss in the presence of abnormal aortic flow

Purpose To present a theoretical basis for noninvasively characterizing in vivo fluid-mechanical energy losses and to apply it in a pilot study of patients known to express abnormal aortic flow patterns. Methods Four-dimensional flow MRI was used to characterize laminar viscous energy losses in the aorta of normal controls (n = 12, age = 37 ± 10 yr), patients with aortic dilation (n = 16, age = 52 ± 8 yr), and patients with aortic valve stenosis matched for age and aortic size (n = 14, age = 46 ± 15 yr), using a relationship between the three-dimensional velocity field and viscous energy dissipation. Results Viscous energy loss was elevated significantly in the thoracic aorta in patients with dilated aorta (3.6 ± 1.3 mW, P = 0.024) and patients with aortic stenosis (14.3 ± 8.2 mW, P < 0.001) compared with healthy volunteers (2.3 ± 0.9 mW). The same pattern of significant differences was seen in the ascending aorta, where viscous energy losses in patients with dilated aortas (2.2 ± 1.1 mW, P = 0.021) and patients with aortic stenosis (10.9 ± 6.8 mW, P < 0.001) were elevated compared with healthy volunteers (1.2 ± 0.6 mW). Conclusion This technique provides a capability to quantify the contribution of abnormal laminar blood flow to increased ventricular afterload. In this pilot study, viscous energy loss in patient cohorts was significantly elevated and indicates that cardiac afterload is increased due to abnormal flow. Magn Reson Med 72:620–628, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporating operator–process interactions in process control: A framework and an application to glucose refining

Abstract The challenge for process control in dynamic manufacturing environments is to develop systems that reduce variation in key process parameters without compromising the responsiveness of the process. Contemporary engineering control paradigms, because they do not explicitly include the effects of the operator–process interactions that are inevitable in even the most sophisticated processes, trade off high variation for process responsiveness. We term consideration of these interactions and their effects operational intelligence and use this concept to develop a generalized framework for operationally intelligent control systems. This framework is used to develop analytical models to control the operations of a glucose refinery. Application of this methodology reduced throughput variation by more than 50% while increasing the refinery's daily glucose production by roughly 12%.
Inhibition of leukocyte phagocytic acitivity by hypergammaglobulinemic multiple myeloma plasma.

Conclusions and SummaryThis report is intended to describe a new observation. Speculation about the ultimate significance of virtually complete inhibition of leukocytic phagocytosis in hypergammaglobulinemic multiple myeloma (M.M.) plasma in vitro is clearly unwarranted at present, but a few tentative conclusions are justified: (1) Depressed phagocytic activity is directly attributable to the γ globulin fraction in M.M. plasma and not to a cellular defect. (2) Plasma from M.M. patients with hyperproteinemia due to increased levels of αR or β globulins, or from patients with hypergammaglobulinemia due to disease other than M.M. does not inhibit leukocyte phagocytic activity. (3) Inhibited phagocytosis appears not to be solely a function of total gamma globulin level. This is most clearly demonstrated by the relatively low levels of γ globulin which inhibit phagocytosis in plasma of M.M. patients without hypergammaglobulinemia or hyperproteinemia; most notably when γ globulin levels are lower than normal. (...
The effect of disinfectants on the properties of dental gypsum, part 2: surface properties.

Purpose This study is part of an ongoing investigation to evaluate the surface properties of dental stones mixed with disinfection solutions, and to determine the effect of adding gum arabic and calcium hydroxide on the same properties. Materials and Methods Aqueous solutions of 2 chemical disinfectants were used in mixing 2 types of dental stones (type III and type V). These dental stones were modified further by adding 1% gum arabic and 0.132% calcium hydroxide to their hemihydrate powders before mixing. Five specimens prepared from each type of dental stone were classified into 7 groups according to the hemihydrate powder modification and mixing liquid/powder ratio. Surface roughness was tested by 2-dimensional profilometery and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Knoop hardness testing was carried out, and detail reproduction was assessed using ADA specification 25 in addition to SEM and 3-dimensional profilometer studies. Results Dental stones mixed with chemical disinfectants showed higher average roughness (Ra) values than those of the controls. However, adding gum arabic and calcium hydroxide to the hemihydrate powders before mixing restored values to the level of the control. The additives seemed to have a role in the improvement of surface hardness. There was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group in the terms of detail reproduction. Conclusions Using SEM, 3-dimensional profilometry, and ADA testing methods, we found that the surface roughness of stone casts was adversely affected by using the disinfectant solutions as mixing water substitutes. Gum arabic and calcium hydroxide additives can yield a harder stone surface without compromising other surface properties.
PI3K-targeted therapy can be evaded by gene amplification along the MYC-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) axis

The PI3K pathway is frequently activated in cancer; therefore, considerable effort is focused on identifying compounds that can inhibit specific pathway components, particularly the hallmark oncogene PIK3CA. Although targeted inhibition of a cancer survival gene holds significant promise, there are concerns that drug resistance may emerge within the cancerous cells, thus limiting clinical efficacy. Using genetically defined human mammary epithelial cells, we evolved resistance to the PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor BEZ235, and by genome-wide copy number analyses, we identified MYC and eIF4E amplification within the resistant cells. Importantly, either MYC or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) was required to bypass pharmacological PI3K/mTOR inhibition in resistant cells. Furthermore, these cells displayed elevated 5′ cap-dependent protein translation. Collectively, these findings suggest that analysis of drivers of protein translation could facilitate the identification of cancer lesions that confer resistance to PI3K pathway-targeted drugs.
Continuum Model of Collective Cell Migration in Wound Healing and Colony Expansion

Collective cell migration plays an important role during wound healing and embryo development. Although the exact mechanisms that coordinate such migration are still unknown, experimental studies of moving cell layers have shown that the primary interactions governing the motion of the layer are the force of lamellipodia, the adhesion of cells to the substrate, and the adhesion of cells to each other. Here, we derive a two-dimensional continuum mechanical model of cell-layer migration that is based on a novel assumption of elastic deformation of the layer and incorporates basic mechanical interactions of cells as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis. The evolution equations are solved numerically using a level set method. The model successfully reproduces data from two types of experiments: 1), the contraction of an enterocyte cell layer during wound healing; and 2), the expansion of a radially symmetric colony of MDCK cells, both in the edge migration velocity and in cell-layer density. In accord with experimental observations, and in contrast to reaction-diffusion models, this model predicts a partial wound closure if lamellipod formation is inhibited at the wound edge and gives implications of the effect of spatially restricted proliferation.