cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wavelength tunable source of subpicosecond pulses from CW passively mode-locked two-section multiple-quantum-well laser

A wavelength-tunable passively-mode-locked semiconductor laser source of subpicosecond pulses is demonstrated. The system includes a two-section multiple-quantum-well laser which is coupled to an external grating for tuning and is followed by an external grating pair for pulse compression. A tuning range of 16 nm round 846 nm is obtained, resulting in compressed pulse widths as short as 260 fs and pulse widths shorter than 600 fs for all wavelength values within this tuning range. Time-bandwidth products are one to two times the transform limit. >
Dark rearing in the cat: Effects on visuomotor behavior and cell growth in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

The morphological and behavioral effects of complete binocular deprivation were studied by rearing cats from birth in total darkness. Nineteen animals were sacrificed immediately upon removal from the dark at intervals that ranged from 3 to 16 weeks. Measurements of cell sizes in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus revealed that dark rearing affects cell growth in two stages. During the first three months of dark rearing the growth rate of geniculate cells is reduced, and a maximum size difference between cells from light reared control animals and dark reared cats is seen at 12 weeks. However, during the fourth month of deprivation, geniculate cells recover from the effects of dark rearing, and grow to essentially normal size by 16 weeks. In a separate set of experiments, cats were removed from the dark at 8, 12 and 16 weeks, and given normal visual experience for as long as one and one-half years. Lateral geniculate neurons in these animals were also normal in size. These results indicate that the effects of dark rearing on cell growth in the lateral geniculate nucleus are significant, but transitory, since they can be reversed either by long term deprivation, alone, or by exposure to normal levels of illumination. Behavioral experiments were performed to study the influence of dark rearing upon visually guided avoidance, jumping, placing, and following. After 8, 12 and 16 weeks of dark rearing, cats appear blind when first examined, and fail each of the behavioral tests. Within four weeks, however, visuomotor behavior recovers almost completely. Visual field perimetry testing was also carried out, and the results indicate that orientation is not reliably affected by periods of dark rearing less than 12 weeks in duration. However, 16 week dark reared animals show visual field defects, which persist for several months, and suggest that only the nasal hemiretina is used for orientation. Since the dark reared cats which showed deficits in orientation also demonstrated a pronounced convergent strabismus, it is proposed that misalignment of the visual axes may be directly responsible for the behavioral impairment.
Microvasculature and incident atrioventricular conduction abnormalities in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Abnormalities of the microvasculature are linked to major cardiac events, but their role in the development of atrioventricular conduction abnormalities (AVCA) is unknown. We examined the association between central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), a measure of the microvasculature, and incident AVCA. This analysis included 3975 participants free of AVCA at baseline from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Incident AVCA was defined as a composite of new heart rate-adjusted PR interval ⩾ 200 ms (first-degree AV block) and advanced block (second-degree or complete AV block) detected from the MESA exam 5 electrocardiogram (ECG). CRAE was measured from retinal photographs at exam 2. Both ECGs and retinal photographs were collected using standardized methods and read and graded at central core labs. Incident AVCA were present in 7.4% (n=290) of the participants, of which 94% were first-degree AV block. Incident AVCA were increasingly more common in participants with narrower CRAE (4.6% in Q4...
Optimizing point to point motion of net velocity constrained manipulators

The achitecture of many hydraulic manipulators, such as excavators common in the earthmoving industry, have constraints on the net sum of actuator speeds. This paper gives the necessary conditions for minimum-time velocity commands for point to point motion. A kinematic model of the manipulator is used. The optimal solution is not always unique. We propose a particular optimal solution, u*, that is stationary. The optimality of inputs unequal to u* is evaluated by the position of u* in the input domain. Several examples are given to demonstrate the analysis.
Treatment of extensive toxic epidermal necrolysis in children.

Objective. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but life-threatening disease of the skin and mucous membranes. We report our experience in the treatment of pediatric TEN patients with early debridement of necrotic skin and coverage with human allograft skin. Methods. From 1984 to 2000, 15 children (6 girls, 9 boys, 7.2 ± 1.5 years) with a histologic diagnosis of TEN and involvement of >30% total body surface area were treated at the Shriners Hospitals for Children in Galveston. All were treated in a specialized pediatric burn intensive care unit after our standard treatment protocol, including operative debridement of sloughing skin and allografting within 24 hours of admission. Outcome parameters were mortality, length of hospital stay, wound healing, clinical complications, causative drugs, corticosteroid use, and delay in referral to a burn center. Results. Taking a new medication (antibiotics, anticonvulsive drugs) was associated with all cases of TEN. Patients who were treated with early debridement and coverage with allograft skin showed no wound infection, and overall mortality was 7%. Total length of hospital stay was 26 ± 3 days. Long-term sequelae were changes in skin pigmentation (100%), ophthalmologic problems (40%), and diffuse itching early after wound healing (53%). Conclusion. Although a rare disease in children, TEN was managed successfully in a burn center environment, using early debridement and wound coverage with allograft skin as a biological dressing. The use of corticosteroids and referral patterns seems unchanged during the past 2 decades, indicating an additional need for information and education about the disease.
Effect of acute resistance exercise on carotid artery stiffness and cerebral blood flow pulsatility.

Arterial stiffness is associated with cerebral flow pulsatility. Arterial stiffness increases following acute resistance exercise (RE). Whether this acute RE-induced vascular stiffening affects cerebral pulsatility remains unknown. Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute RE on common carotid artery (CCA) stiffness and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) pulsatility. Methods: Eighteen healthy men (22 ± 1 yr; 23.7 ± 0.5 kg∙m-2) underwent acute RE (5 sets, 5-RM bench press, 5 sets 10-RM bicep curls with 90 s rest intervals) or a time control condition (seated rest) in a randomized order. CCA stiffness (β-stiffness, Elastic Modulus (Ep)) and hemodynamics (pulsatility index, forward wave intensity and reflected wave intensity) were assessed using a combination of Doppler ultrasound, wave intensity analysis and applanation tonometry at baseline and 3 times post-RE. CBFv pulsatility index was measured with transcranial Doppler at the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Results: CCA β-stiffness, Ep and CCA pulse pressure significantly increased post-RE and remained elevated throughout post-testing (p 0.05). There were significant increases in forward wave intensity post-RE (p0.05). Conclusion: Although acute RE increases CCA stiffness and pressure pulsatility, it may not affect CCA or MCA flow pulsatility. Increases in pressure pulsatility may be due to increased forward wave intensity and not pressure from wave reflections.
Organizational realignment case study: Adding value by analyzing performance

The U.S. Navy is a global organization with an annual budget in excess of $140 billion and employs roughly 330, 000 sailors. A multilevel adaptation of the human performance model was applied to look across organizations for functional areas where efficiencies could be gained by standardizing business practices and cooperating across organizational boundaries. The resulting 17-to-1 return on investment is attributed to the process of working through the model with a team of executive stakeholders.
On the design of an on-line complex FIR filter

In this paper, we present a novel implementation for an N-tap complex finite impulse response (FIR) filter, using complex number on-line arithmetic, based on adopting a redundant complex number system (RCNS) to represent complex operands as a single number. We present cost comparisons with (i) a real number on-line arithmetic approach and (ii) a real number parallel arithmetic approach, to demonstrate a significant improvement in cost.
Belief in UFOs as alternative reality, cultural rejection or disturbed psyche

No paranormal phenomenon has so captured public attention and has so permeated contemporary popular culture as have the so‐called “Unidentified Flying Objects” (UFOs). However, few empirical studies exist to explain why some believe UFOs are alien spacecraft while others do not. Survey data (N= 453) were collected to test three commonly advanced explanations of belief in UFOs as alien spacecraft. The “alternative reality” theory claims that UFO believers are simply those caught up in the awe and excitement of possible extraterrestrial life. Such believers believe because they want to, and they are also more psychologically involved with science fiction and with mysticism. The “cultural rejection” thesis is that UFO believers are social marginals and cultural “outsiders” who express their alienation by adopting deviant beliefs. The “disturbed psyche” theory holds that UFO believers are distressed, troubled, unhappy, or maladjusted persons susceptible to “primitive” thinking and delusions. The data analysis...
Mutations in the transcriptional activator EYA4 cause late-onset deafness at the DFNA10 locus

We identified Eyes absent 4 (EYA4), a member of the vertebrate Eya family of transcriptional activators, as the causative gene of postlingual, progressive, autosomal dominant hearing loss at the DFNA10 locus. In two unrelated families from Belgium and the USA segregating for deafness at this locus, we found different mutations in EYA4, both of which create premature stop codons. Although EYA proteins interact with members of the SIX and DACH protein families in a conserved network that regulates early embryonic development, this finding shows that EYA4 is also important post-developmentally for continued function of the mature organ of Corti.
Connecting Students to the Community through Ergonomics Projects

April Heiselt, Mississippi State UniversityAt Mississippi State University, students participated in a service-learning project as part of the Industrial Ergonomics course in the department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. The project was completed with community partner, N & W Farms. N & W Farms is a sweet potato farm and distributor with operations including cleaning, sorting, packaging, and shipping sweet potatoes. These operations allowed students to apply their ergonomics and design skills learned in the course as well as acquire a better understanding for how engineering can be applied to benefit the community. This paper will showcase the tools used by the students for the project, a summary of how students applied those tools, and how successful students were when using these tools to find solutions to ergonomic and operations problems at N & W Farms.
A machine learning approach for improved BM25 retrieval

Despite the widespread use of BM25, there have been few studies examining its effectiveness on a document description over single and multiple field combinations. We determine the effectiveness of BM25 on various document fields. We find that BM25 models relevance on popularity fields such as anchor text and query click information no better than a linear function of the field attributes. We also find query click information to be the single most important field for retrieval. In response, we develop a machine learning approach to BM25-style retrieval that learns, using LambdaRank, from the input attributes of BM25. Our model significantly improves retrieval effectiveness over BM25 and BM25F. Our data-driven approach is fast, effective, avoids the problem of parameter tuning, and can directly optimize for several common information retrieval measures. We demonstrate the advantages of our model on a very large real-world Web data collection.
Readability, Interest, and Coverage of 24 Introductory Special Education Textbooks

Twenty-four survey textbooks in special education published from 1974 through 1982 were analyzed with the Flesch formulae to determine levels of readability and human interest. These figures were compared with those found in a similar study dealing with books published from 1970 to 1975. Subject coverage and organization were also analyzed. The researchers conclude that while survey texts are dull and difficult, they are complete in subject coverage. Topics such as severe/profound handicaps, multiple handicaps, early childhood handicaps, and culturally different handicapped children, however, received scant coverage in most books. Some evidence was found that difficulty levels may be somewhat lower today than in 1976. Some books lack adequate author and subject indices and glossaries.
Nonlinear One-Dimensional Problems

The mathematical models considered in this chapter involve only a single nonlinear differential equation with one unknown, which is one-dimensional in the space variable. These equations are encountered mostly in problems of radiation heat transfer, stress in plastics bars, non-Newtonian fluid flows between parallel plates, and turbulent flows in tubes. We introduce the standard Newton’ method, the method of steepest descent, and some nonlinear conjugate gradient methods for numerical solutions of the corresponding finite element nonlinear problems. Both Galerkin and Rayleigh-Ritz finite element methods are used to drive the finitedimensional finite element equations from nonlinear differential equations and their respective boundary conditions in idealized situations. For simplicity, only linear elements are used in the finite element methods.
The heat of solution of curium metal and the heats of formation of Cm+3(aq) and CmCl3(c)

Abstract The heat of solution of curium metal in 1 M HCl at 298·4 ± 0·2°K has been measured and found to be −140·2 ± 1 kcal/mole. Calculated values for the heats of formation of CmCl3(c) and Cm+3(aq) are −226·4 ± 1·2 and −140·9 ± 1·3 kcal/mole, respectively.
Evolution of the child health day strategy for the integrated delivery of child health and nutrition services.

BACKGROUND: In efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goal for mortality among children under 5 years of age countries require strategies for covering hard-to-reach and older children who are often missed by routine fixed-site health services. OBJECTIVE: To document the evolution of Child Health Days (CHDs) designed as regular events for the delivery of health and nutrition services to children under the age of five. METHODS: We extracted information on service delivery strategies and codelivered interventions for the period 1999 to 2010from global monitoring databases for vitamin A and immunization. RESULTS: Our data illustrate a dramatic rise in CHDs over the decade: only two countries held CHDs in 1999; in 2010 96 CHDs were conducted in 51 countries. Reliance on CHDs has been particularly marked in sub-Saharan Africa where they are increasingly used to deliver five or more_services per event. Whereas early CHDs were largely defined by codelivery of vitamin A immunizations and deworming they have since evolved into diverse packages including services such as water purification tablets and screening for severe malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: The scale-up of CHDs is helping countries to achieve high and equitable coverage of essential health and nutrition services. Future research should consider whether the increasingly diverse services delivered via CHDs are guided by epidemiologic considerations and whether the rising number of codelivered interventions is affecting coverage performance or service quality. Guidance is also needed to ensure that CHDs are implemented as part of systematic efforts to improve health systems.
Some Characteristics of Mechanical Wedge System

A generalized mechanical wedge system has so many geometrical and frictional variables that the determination of meaningful relationships between the load force, W , the insertion force P , and the withdrawal force, P ., is unfeasible.
An Analysis of the Relative Job Progression of the Perceptibly Physically Handicapped

This research supports the conclusion that the effects of handicap-based social-psychological factors can be moderated by a supportive vocational environment to the extent that most perceptibly phy...
Biochemical and biomechanical drivers of cancer cell metastasis, drug response and nanomedicine

Metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence in cancer are regulated by the tumor microenvironment. This review describes recent advances in understanding how cancer cells respond to extracellular environmental cues via integrins, how to build engineered microenvironments to study these interactions in vitro and how nanomaterials can be used to detect and target tumor microenvironments.
When the Fire Won’t Go Out

This case discusses the pharmacokinetic interaction between pomegranate juice and sildenafil, resulting in priapism. Sildenafil is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate and pomegranate juice is a 3A4 inhibitor.
New insights into impacts of anthropogenic nutrients on urban ecosystem processes on the Southern California coastal shelf: Introduction and synthesis

Abstract Anthropogenic nutrient inputs are one of the most important factors contributing to eutrophication of coastal waters. Coastal upwelling regions are naturally highly variable, exhibiting faster flushing and lower retention times than estuarine systems. As such, these regions are considered more resilient to anthropogenic influences than other coastal waters. Recent studies have shown our perception of the sustainability of these systems may be flawed and that anthropogenic nutrients can have an impact at local and regional spatial scales within these larger upwelling ecosystems. Maintenance of an outfall pipe discharging wastewater effluent to the Southern California Bight (SCB) provided an opportunity to study effects of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on a near-shore coastal ecosystem. The diversion of wastewater effluent from a primary, offshore outfall to a secondary, near-shore outfall set up a large-scale, in situ experiment allowing researchers to track the fate of wastewater plumes as they were “turned off” in one area and “turned on” in another. In this introduction to a special issue, we synthesize results of one such wastewater diversion conducted by the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) during fall 2012. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) from point-source discharges altered biogeochemical cycling and the community composition of bacteria and phytoplankton. Nitrification of ammonium to nitrate in wastewater effluent close to outfalls constituted a significant source of N utilized by the biological community that should be considered in quantifying “new” production. The microbial-loop component of the plankton community played a significant role, exemplified by a large response of heterotrophic bacteria to wastewater effluent that resulted in nutrient immobilization within the bacterial food web. This response, combined with the photosynthetic inhibition of phytoplankton due to disinfection byproducts, suppressed phytoplankton responses. Our findings have ramifications for future studies and regulatory monitoring, emphasizing the need to consider chemical and biological responses to wastewater effluent in assessing effects of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on urbanized coastal ecosystems.
The stratigraphy and evolution of lower Mount Sharp from spectral, morphological, and thermophysical orbital data sets

We have developed a refined geologic map and stratigraphy for lower Mt. Sharp using coordinated analyses of new spectral, thermophysical, and morphologic orbital data products. The Mt. Sharp group consists of seven relatively planar units delineated by differences in texture, mineralogy, and thermophysical properties. These units are (1-3) three spatially adjacent units in the Murray formation which contain a variety of secondary phases and are distinguishable by thermal inertia and albedo differences, (4) a phyllosilicate-bearing unit, (5) a hematite-capped ridge unit, (6) a unit associated with material having a strongly sloped spectral signature at visible-near infrared wavelengths, and (7) a layered sulfate unit. The Siccar Point group consists of the Stimson formation and two additional units that unconformably overlie the Mt. Sharp group. All Siccar Point group units are distinguished by higher thermal inertia values and record a period of substantial deposition and exhumation that followed the deposition and exhumation of the Mt. Sharp group. Several spatially extensive silica deposits associated with veins and fractures show late stage silica enrichment within lower Mt. Sharp was pervasive. At least two laterally extensive hematitic deposits are present at different stratigraphic intervals, and both are geometrically conformable with lower Mt. Sharp strata. The occurrence of hematite at multiple stratigraphic horizons suggests redox interfaces were widespread in space and/or in time, and future measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover will provide further insights into the depositional settings of these and other mineral phases.
Charcoal Disrupts Soil Microbial Communication through a Combination of Signal Sorption and Hydrolysis

The presence of charcoal in soil triggers a range of biological effects that are not yet predictable, in part because it interferes with the functioning of chemical signals that microbes release into their environment to communicate. We do not fully understand the mechanisms by which charcoal alters the biologically available concentrations of these intercellular signals. Recently, charcoal has been shown to sorb the signaling molecules that microbes release, rendering them ineffective for intercellular communication. Here, we investigate a second, potentially more important mechanism of interference: signaling-molecule hydrolysis driven by charcoal-induced soil pH changes. We examined the effects of 10 charcoals on the bioavailable concentration of an acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) used by many Gram-negative bacteria for cell–cell communication. We show that charcoals decrease the level of bioavailable AHL through sorption and pH-dependent hydrolysis of the lactone ring. We then built a quantitative model...
Fatigue Analysis of an Innovative Extensible Wind Turbine Blade

This paper describes the feasibility analyses of an innovative, extensible ‘smart’ blade technology aims to significantly improve the wind turbine energy production. This innovative ‘smart’ blade will be extended at low wind speed to harvest more wind energy. It will be retracted to its original shape above rated wind speed, to protect the blade from possible damages under high wind speed. The extended blade, however, will inevitably increase the fatigue damage of the wind turbine blade of which fatigue demand, which often controls the design requirement of wind turbine blade. A rain-flow counting method is used for calculating stress range cycles during turbine blade operation. The analyzes model in the research is built based on a 100 kW utility-scale wind turbine installed on the campus of Case Western Reserve University with a data acquisition system installed on the wind turbine tower to monitor the operation data continuously over the years. In this analyses, the data set consists of four years’ wind speed data at 10-minutes time interval and blade rotational speed from March 2014 to February 2015 have been used. The results show that the fatigue damage of this extensible blade increased is acceptable considering its increased power output.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Model-independent information on γ from B± → πK decays

Abstract Measurements of the rates for the hadronic decays B± → πK can be used to derive information on the week phase γ = arg (V ub ∗ ) in a largely model-independent way. Hadronic uncertainties can be reduced to the level of nonfactorizable contributions to the decay amplitudes that are power-suppressed in Λ/mb and, in addition, either violate SU(3) flavor symmetry or are doubly Cabibbo suppressed. Various stategies to obtain bounds on γ and to extract its value with small theoretical uncertainty are described. The potential of B± → πK decays for probing physics beyond the Standard Model is also discussed.
The Same but Different: Making Meaning from Modified Texts with Cross-cultural Themes

Reader response theory provides the framework for the present study that explored literary elements and cultural responses of fifth-grade students to two modified versions of a cross-cultural text, Homesick: My Own Story by Jean Fritz. One group of students read the first chapter of the book and another group read a modified basal reader version that had deleted cultural information. Group discussions of the texts were videotaped and transcribed. Through constant comparative analysis of field notes and transcripts, two themes emerged: (a) personal interest and connections to stories and (b) cultural implications and misinterpretations.
Hydrogen sulfide emissions from a swine building affected by dietary crude protein.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic air pollutant at animal facilities; but the understanding of its generation and emission processes has been limited. This paper studied H2S emissions during a complete cycle of wean–finish pigs from a research building, where 12 pig rooms were divided into three groups that were fed with standard feed (control), and 2.1–3.8% (T1) and 4.4–7.8% (T2) reduced dietary crude protein (CP) feed. The group cycle mean H2S emission rates were 4.0 ± 2.9, 4.3 ± 3.2, and 5.4 ± 4.0 g d−1 AU−1 (Animal Unit = 500 kg live mass), respectively, for the control, T1, and T2 groups. Emissions of H2S were promoted by 10.0 and 36.7%, respectively, for the T1 and T2 groups (p < 0.001), although large variabilities existed in the emissions from different rooms within the same groups. The enhanced H2S emissions from the T1 and T2 groups were related to the reduced manure pH and were possibly affected through a number of pathways, which could involve volatile fatty acids and nitrogen concentrations, and microbial activities in manure.
Abstract 427: Histopathological and Molecular Effects of SIRT3 Deletion in Advanced Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Increasing age is the greatest risk factor for development and progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular calcification. Previous findings by our group suggested a significant reduction in expression of multiple sirtuin (SIRT) isoforms in normocholesterolemic aged mouse aortic valves, however, it is unclear if losses in SIRT3—a major mitochondrial SIRT isoform—modulates progression of aortic valve calcification. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of SIRT3 in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model of CAVD will result in augmented calcium burden in aortic valve, increased osteogenic signaling, and impaired aortic valve function. To test this we used mice that were Ldlr -/- /ApoB 100/100 mice that were either wild-type (LA-SIRT3 +/+ ) or null for SIRT3 (LA-SIRT3 -/- ) and fed a western diet (TD88137) for 12 months. Alizarin red was used to quantitate calcium burden, qRT-PCR was used to measure changes in mRNA levels, and high-resolution echocardiography was used to assess aortic valve function (cusp separation distance). In line with our hypothesis, we observed a substantial increase in calcium burden in LA-SIRT3 -/- mice compared to their LA-SIRT3 +/+ littermates(11.7±4.0, 4.8±1.8; respectively). Interestingly, expression of Runx2 and osterix—classic markers of osteogenic differentiation—were decreased in LA-SIRT3 -/- mice compared to their LA-SIRT3 +/+ littermates. Expression of Msx2, were markedly increased in aortic valve tissue from LA-SIRT3-deficient mice. Despite these histological and molecular changes, SIRT3 deletion did not alter cusp separation distance (LA-SIRT3 +/+ = 0.81±0.04; LA-SIRT3 -/- = 0.81±0.02). Collectively, this data suggest losses in SIRT3 can contribute to accelerated valve calcification through unclear molecular mechanisms, but these changes are not sufficient to drive reductions in cusp separation distance. Additional experiments delineating the histopathological and molecular sequelae of SIRT3 deletion will be critical to understanding its role in the pathogenesis of CAVD.
Enabling People with Visual Impairments to Navigate Virtual Reality with a Haptic and Auditory Cane Simulation

Traditional virtual reality (VR) mainly focuses on visual feedback, which is not accessible for people with visual impairments. We created Canetroller, a haptic cane controller that simulates white cane interactions, enabling people with visual impairments to navigate a virtual environment by transferring their cane skills into the virtual world. Canetroller provides three types of feedback: (1) physical resistance generated by a wearable programmable brake mechanism that physically impedes the controller when the virtual cane comes in contact with a virtual object; (2) vibrotactile feedback that simulates the vibrations when a cane hits an object or touches and drags across various surfaces; and (3) spatial 3D auditory feedback simulating the sound of real-world cane interactions. We designed indoor and outdoor VR scenes to evaluate the effectiveness of our controller. Our study showed that Canetroller was a promising tool that enabled visually impaired participants to navigate different virtual spaces. We discuss potential applications supported by Canetroller ranging from entertainment to mobility training.
Domestic Violence, Abuse, and Neglect

Family violence is a common public health problem that will be encountered by physicians and other health-care providers. The roots of the most common adulthood diseases are in violence and adverse experiences that occur within the family context and during childhood. Sometimes the violence is between partners (intimate partner violence); other times it is between parents and their young children (child maltreatment) or older parents and their adult children (elder maltreatment). Understanding and addressing this transgenerational violence are critical to improving the health of our patients. Identifying suspected maltreatment and reporting concerns to protective services can be one of the most challenging and important responsibilities of the health-care provider.
Medical Family Therapy in Internal Medicine

Whether a puzzling diagnostic dilemma or multiple severe chronic illnesses, Internal Medicine providers are trained to manage both simple and complex medical conditions. Internists are equipped to handle the broad and comprehensive spectrum of illnesses that affect adults and are experts in diagnosis, treatment of chronic illness, and health promotion and disease prevention. They are not limited to one type of medical problem or organ system. This includes care across the continuum of outpatient (community-based) to inpatient (hospital) facilities, with particular attention paid to times of transition when risk for adverse outcomes from chronic medical conditions increases. Nearly one-fifth of Medicare patients discharged from a hospital have an acute medical problem within the subsequent 30 days that necessitates another hospitalization, and the majority of the time, it is for a different medical condition than the original hospitalization (Jencks, Williams, & Coleman, 2009). The transition from hospital to home is a high-risk time for most patients but particularly for patients who are elderly or those with more chronic medical conditions. Internists, by nature of their training in balancing multiple medical conditions in adults, are well-equipped to provide care to patients at any inpatient or outpatient site.
Path Coupling for Curie-Weiss Model

In Chapters 5– 7, we describe the method of aggregate path coupling for one and higher dimensional models. As previously discussed, the aggregate path coupling method was initially derived to prove rapid mixing for models that exhibit first-order phase transitions. To help put the aggregate path coupling method in context, we begin in this chapter with an illustration of application of the standard path coupling to the Curie-Weiss model.
The Principal Hugoniot of Forsterite to 950 GPa

Author(s): Root, Seth; Townsend, Joshua P; Davies, Erik; Lemke, Raymond W; Bliss, David E; Fratanduono, Dayne E; Kraus, Richard G; Millot, Marius; Spaulding, Dylan K; Shulenburger, Luke; Stewart, Sarah T; Jacobsen, Stein B
Mobilizing community support in people receiving opioid-agonist treatment: A group approach.

This descriptive study evaluates a novel group intervention designed to help opioid-dependent patients in medication-assisted treatment identify and recruit drug-free individuals to support recovery efforts. The Social Network Activation Group works with patients who are actively using drugs and resistant to including drug-free family or friends in treatment. The group encourages patients to attend structured recovery, religious, or recreational activities in the community to find recovery support. For those with underutilized support, motivational interviewing and skills training are used to help patients resolve ambivalence and include family or friends in the treatment plan. Patients earn up to one methadone take-home each week that they attend the group and verify activity participation. They complete the group after introducing a drug-free family member or friend to their counselor. This study reports on a sample of 66 patients referred to this group as part of intensive outpatient treatment. Patients attended 71% of scheduled sessions and participated in a M = 4.3 activities. Mutual-help support groups (64%) and church (28%) were the activities most often attended. Thirty-six percent brought in a drug-free family or friend to meet their counselor. Family members were the most common choice (67%). The results demonstrate preliminary feasibility and mixed efficacy of the Social Network Activation Group for this highly select sample of patients, and provide additional evidence that many patients possess drug-free family or friends who are willing to support recovery efforts.
Using Google Trends to assess global public interest in osteoarthritis

To evaluate global public interest in osteoarthritis by assessing changes in Internet search popularity of the disease over a 10-year period. Google Trends was used to obtain search popularity scores for the word "osteoarthritis" (OA) between January 2004 and June 2018. We also analyzed changes in search volume relative to changes in search patterns for all health topics. Search interest in OA was high relative to all other health searches over the given timeframe. Overall, searches for OA steadily decreased between May 2004 and December 2012 and then steadily rose from January 2013 to April 2018. We also found consistent annual fluctuations over the pre-specified time range, with biannual peaks typically correlating with national and global awareness days. Biannual dips occurred with changes in seasonal patterns. Google searches for OA have steadily increased in recent years. Awareness initiatives, like World Arthritis Day, may be a reason for the public to search for information on OA. It may be helpful for physicians to search the Internet themselves for websites that provide accurate and high-quality information to recommend to their patients.
Case 1: Breast Development in a 2-year-old Girl

1. Lauren Logan, BS* 2. Suzanne E. Kingery, MD† 1. *University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY A 2-year 10-month-old girl presents with precocious puberty. Her parents recently noticed breast development and vaginal discharge described as “lotion” in her underwear. They deny any exposure to exogenous sources of estrogen. She does not take any medications or have any significant medical history. Anthropometrics are notable for height of 37.6 in (95.6 cm) (74th percentile), weight of 31.5 lb (14.3 kg) (65th percentile), blood pressure of 82/51 mm Hg, and heart rate of 95 beats/min. Physical examination findings are remarkable for bilateral breast buds consistent with Tanner stage 2, with Tanner stage 1 pubic and axillary hair, and pink vaginal mucosa consistent with estrogenization. Skin examination is significant for the absence of cafe-au-lait spots. Laboratory values obtained at presentation reveal normal thyroid function. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels are prepubertal at 0.1 mIU/mL (0.1 IU/L) and less than 0.2 mIU/mL (<0.2 IU/L), respectively. Estradiol level is elevated at 108.6 pg/mL (398.7 pmol/L). On transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography she has a postpubertal uterine size and shape but normal ovarian volumes for age without evidence of a tumor. Her bone age is advanced at 3 years …
Quantitative and kinetic analyses of peanut allergens as affected by food processing.

Abstract Peanuts contain four major allergens with differences in allergenic potency. Thermal processing can influence the allergenic properties of peanuts. Until now, a kinetic model has not been reported to assess the changes of soluble allergen (extracted from processed peanuts) content as affected by various thermal processing methods. Our objective is to characterize the reaction kinetics of the thermal processing methods, including wet processing (boiling with/without high-pressure, steaming with/without high-pressure), deep-frying and dry processing (microwaving and roasting) using five time intervals. The relationships between processing time and extractable major allergen content could be explained by a simple linear regression kinetic model (except high-pressure steaming). Among all the methods with optimal processing point, frying for 6 min had a relatively lower IgE binding (linear epitopes) ratio, possibly due to the processing conditions, which caused break down, cross-linking and aggregation of Ara h 2, and a relatively lower solubility.
Abstract WP239: Caregiver Burden Among Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors

Background and Purpose: Caregiver burden is commonly encountered in chronic disease management. Caregiver burden among informal caregivers of stroke survivors has potential to impact patient outcom...
Deep Learning: Current and Emerging Applications in Medicine and Technology

Machine learning is enabling researchers to analyze and understand increasingly complex physical and biological phenomena in traditional fields such as biology, medicine, and engineering and emerging fields like synthetic biology, automated chemical synthesis, and biomanufacturing. These fields require new paradigms toward understanding increasingly complex data and converting such data into medical products and services for patients. The move toward deep learning and complex modeling is an attempt to bridge the gap between acquiring massive quantities of complex data, and converting such data into practical insights. Here, we provide an overview of the field of machine learning, its current applications and needs in traditional and emerging fields, and discuss an illustrative attempt at using deep learning to understand swarm behavior of molecular shuttles.
Abstract A152: Investigating metabolic basis of neurotoxicity during CAR-T therapies

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies are rapidly becoming first in line therapies for treatment of hematologic malignancies. This is due to the efficacy of the treatment and long-lasting tumor responses. However, CAR-T therapies are associated with unique set of acute toxicities— cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic toxicities—the cause of which is not clear. As other immune therapies are becoming more widely used, these toxicities are observed in patients undergoing bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies (BiTEs) and checkpoint blockade therapies. Here, we sought to define metabolic changes in patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We performed metabolic analysis of amino acids in serum samples, and identified significant up-regulation of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in patients with high-grade neurotoxicity. In-depth look at tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in cerebrospinal fluid patient samples determined quinolinic acid up-regulation to correlate with low- and high-grade neurotoxicity, indicating local production of this metabolite. We show that quinolinic acid is produced by activated monocytes and microglia in response to Il1beta and TNF. Importantly, tryptophan metabolite—kynurenine— stimulates Il1beta production and further activation of monocytes, possibly exacerbating CSR and neurotoxicity. This study suggests that inhibition of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway may offer some benefit to manage neurotoxicity and CRS associated with CAR-T-cell therapy treatment. Citation Format: Darin Salloum, Bianca Santomasso, Renier J. Brentjens, Hans-Guido Wendel. Investigating metabolic basis of neurotoxicity during CAR-T therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A152.
Reshaping the Ecology of Invading Populations of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae), in Eastern North America

Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), is native to Japan where it is an innocuous inhabitant of Tsuga diversifolia Masters and T. sieboldii Carriere throughout their natural growing areas. Native adelgid populations are regulated by host resistance and natural enemies, in particular the oribatid mite, Diapterobates humeralis (Hermann) and the coccinellid beetle, Pseudoscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure. Invading populations of A. tsugae in western North America on T. heterophylla Sargent and T. mertensiana Carriere are mainly regulated by host resistance. However, invading populations in eastern North America attain damaging levels on T. canadensis (L.) Carriere and T. caroliniana Engelmann and are regulated mainly by weather and negative density-dependent feedback mechanisms related to host deterioration. Although A. tsugae is only passively dispersed by wind, birds, forest-dwelling mammals and humans, it is spreading at an alarming rate and is sufficiently cold hardy to threaten the existence of the two eastern hemlock species throughout their natural ranges. The current hope for suppressing invading populations of hemlock woolly adelgid in eastern North America lies with the exotic predator, P. tsugae. Extensive laboratory studies of the biology and predatory ability of P. tsugae revealed that it feeds on all life stages of its prey, that its multivoltine life cycle is well synchronized with that of the adelgid, and that it has great potential for biological control. We have reared and released nearly 130,000 adults of P. tsugae in forests in Connecticut, New Jersey and Virginia during the past four years. P. tsugae has reproduced, dispersed, overwintered and reduced densities of hemlock woolly adelgid by 47–88% in only five months on release branches at these sites. Current studies are investigating the long-term ability of P. tsugae to regulate invading populations of A. tsugae in eastern North America.
Controlling dissolution of PbTe nanoparticles in organic solvents during liquid cell transmission electron microscopy.

We present direct visualization of the dynamics of oleic-acid-capped PbTe nanoparticles suspended in different organic solvents using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool to directly observe the behavior of a variety of nanoparticles in liquids, but requires careful consideration and quantification of how the electron beam affects the systems being investigated. We find that etching and dissolution of PbTe nanoparticles occurs with a strong dependence on electron dose rate ranging from no perceivable effect on the nanoparticles with lower dose rates (50 e− A−2 s−1) to complete dissolution within seconds or minutes at higher dose rates (100 and 200 e− A−2 s−1). We propose that oxidative etching, resulting from the radiolysis of small amounts of water, causes the PbTe nanoparticles to dissolve after exposure to a threshold electron dose rate of 50 e− A−2 s−1.
Social Construction, HPC Kinds, and the Projectability of Human Categories

This paper addresses the question of how human science categories yield projectable inferences by critically examining Ron Mallon’s “social role” account of human kinds. Mallon contends that human ...
The interplay between post-crisis response strategy and pre-crisis corporate associations in the context of CSR crises

Abstract How should a company respond to a crisis that is related to its social responsibility by capitalizing on consumers’ existing corporate associations? To answer this question, the present study focuses on two primary types of corporate associations, corporate ability (CA) associations and corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations, and proposes two different types of response strategies that are association-based: CA strategy and CSR strategy. Drawing on the framework of CA-CSR, Expectancy Violation Theory, and information processing literature, this study examines whether and how these crisis response strategies interact with consumers’ pre-crisis associations and collectively influence consumer reactions in times of CSR crises. Results of two experiments render support for the predicted interaction effect. Furthermore, the results show that crisis response diagnosticity and novelty, as perceived by consumers with varied pre-crisis associations, serve as the underlying process explanations that drive the observed interaction effect. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of these results to crisis communication are also discussed.
Ice sheet influence on atmospheric circulation explains the patterns of Pleistocene alpine glacier records in North America

Abstract We explore the hypothesis that the relative size of Pleistocene ice sheets in North America modulated regional climate and alpine glaciation. We compare Pleistocene alpine glacier chronologies across North America with a comprehensive general circulation model using reconstructed ice sheet extents at peak glacial conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 and MIS 4. The effect of continent-wide ice sheets on atmospheric circulation during MIS 2 led to warming in Beringia and cooling in the western US; less expansive ice sheets during MIS 4 resulted in weaker ice sheet modulation of atmospheric circulation. This led to preservation of MIS 4 moraines in Beringia due to limited MIS 2 glaciation (resulting in a MIS 2/4 moraine sequence) and overriding of MIS 4 moraines – for sites with existing chronologies – in the western United States during MIS 2 (resulting in a MIS 2/6 moraine sequence). Our results highlight how influential ice sheets are for regional climate conditions.