cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Human Blood Cells and Changes in Plasma Mediators Produced by Radiographic Contrast Media

Abstract In vitro incubation of human blood cells with iodinated radiographic contrast media (RCM) produced marked effects which were dose-dependent: erythrocytes showed crenation which was reversible; neutrophil leukocytes released the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase; basophil leukocytes released histamine; and platelets released serotonin as well as β-glucuronidase. The release reaction could not be attributed to cell lysis, as demonstrated by the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). In normal human serum, RCM produced activation of the complement system with lysis of cells. This RCM-induced complement activation seemed to occur via the alternate pathway. Stabilizers and cations present in the clinically used RCM solutions did not produce any complement changes.
Association of sleep and inflammation in law enforcement

iii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5 Prevalence of CVD in law enforcement officers 5 Conventional CVD risk factors and LEO 8 Inflammatory mediators and CVD 11 Sleep, health, and inflammation 14 Inflammatory mediators in response to shiftwork 16 Association between shiftwork, sleep and inflammatory mediators in LEO 19 Conclusion 20 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 22 Participants 22 Data Collection Procedures 23 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS 27 Table 1. Subject Information 27 Table 2. Sleep Measures 28 Table 3. CVD Risk 29 Table 4. Cytokine Profiles 30 Table 5. Mental Health 31 CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION 32 REFERENCES 37
Pumpkins, Squashes, and Gourds (Cucurbita L.) of North America

Pumpkins and squash (Cucurbita L. spp.) include six independently domesticated crop species and subspecies that are grown worldwide for their edible fruits and seeds and for ornamental interest. Because domesticated pumpkins and squashes can be crossed with each other and with diverse primary genepool relatives, contributions from Cucurbita crop wild relatives (CWR) have enabled the development of disease-resistant cultivars and represent a vast pool of untapped genetic variability underlying traits including drought tolerance and disease resistance. Even so, thorough evaluations of these wild species for agronomically important traits are limited. The 12 Cucurbita crop wild relatives of North America are more narrowly distributed than they were in the past because of the extinction of megafaunal dispersers and because of habitat loss, and the genetic diversity of wild Cucurbita species may be decreasing; one North American wild relative, C. okeechobeensis (Small) L. H. Bailey ssp. okeechobeensis, is nearly extinct, and some others are rare. Ex situ and in situ conservation of these species that includes phenotypic assessments are needed to better utilize the wealth of genetic resources available for pumpkin and squash crop improvement.
The Effect of Inverse Micelles on the Inter- and Intramolecular Esterification Reactions of an ω-Hydroxyalkanoic Acid

The ability of inverse micelles to control the intra- vs. intermolecular character of the esterification reactions of an ω-hydroxyalkanoic acid yielding lactone and polymer, respectively, has been investigated with 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid. Inverse micellar solutions of di-n-dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDABr) and di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in benzene, with and without water pools, were used with two ionic carbodiimides, 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (ATos) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl- carbodiimide hydrochloride (ACl), as esterification agents. Lactone was formed only with the combination of DDABr and ATos in the absence of water pools.
Beyond "Triton": Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors With Complete Heterologous Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation Mimicking Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive sarcoma type with a predilection for the head and neck and frequent transactivating MYOD1 mutations. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) show heterologous (most often rhabdomyoblastic) differentiation in 10% of cases; such tumors have
Clarifying the Baroclinic Contribution to the Great Plains Low-Level Jet Frequency Maximum

AbstractThe frequency and intensity of the Great Plains nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) are enhanced by baroclinicity over the sloped terrain of the region. A classical description of baroclinic-indu...
La dimensión teatral en Gilles Deleuze

It is proposed to develop the bond between theater and Gilles Deleuze's thought to the inside of the metaphisical program present in Difference and repetition. For this, first, there will be outlined the bond between the inversion of platonism and the power of theater simulation in Deleuze's thought. Secondly, there will be proved that Deleuze's thought is oultined from a rupture with that philosophical tradition marked by a first representational reading of theater. Finally, that rupture will be inscribed in Deleuze's interest for an inventive comprehension of the philosophical expression forms, destined to reformulate boundaries and thinking attempts.
Sonder les vestiges photographiques : une archéologie de la publicité urbaine à Shanghai (début du XXe siècle)

Cet article propose de partir des photographies historiques pour conduire une histoire materielle et sociale de la publicite urbaine a Shanghai au debut du XXe siecle. Faute d’archive publicitaire en Chine, j’examine les possibilites et les limites des sources photographiques pour identifier les agences et les supports, palper les materiaux et les dimensions, saisir les artefacts dans leur environnement et sonder les reactions des passants. A partir d’un corpus riche mais heterogene, j’esquisse enfin une methode generale qui consiste a construire des series photographiques, croiser les sources et bâtir une base de donnees historiques.
In situ study of rotating lattice single-crystal formation in Sb2S3 glass by Laue μXRD

Author(s): Au-Yeung, C; Stan, C; Tamura, N; Jain, H; Dierolf, V | Abstract: Single-crystal architectures in glass, formed by a solid-solid transformation via laser heating, are novel solids with a rotating lattice. To understand the process of lattice formation that proceeds via crystal growth, we have observed in situ Sb2S3 crystal formation under X-ray irradiation with simultaneous Laue micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD) pattern collection. By translating the sample with respect to the beam, we form rotating lattice single (RLS) crystal lines with a consistently linear relationship between the rotation angle and distance from nucleation site. The lines begin with a seed crystal, followed by a transition region comprising of sub-grain or very similarly oriented grains, followed by the presence of a rotating lattice single crystal of unrestricted length. The results demonstrate that the primary cause of lattice rotation within RLS crystals is the densification accompanying the glassn→ncrystal transformation, rather than stresses produced from the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of the two phases or paraelectricn→nferroelectric transition during cooling to ambient temperature.
Big data and tiny proteins: shining a light on the dark corners of the gut microbiome

In 2019, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of the gut microbiome. Key developments include an improved gut-on-a-chip system, a search for small proteins produced by the commensal gut microbiome and the publication of one of the most comprehensive multi-omic datasets for interrogating host–microorganism interactions in inflammatory bowel disease.
Is Midlife Metabolic Syndrome Associated With Cognitive Function Change? The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Context Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects cognitive function in late life, particularly in women. But longitudinal research is scarce on associations of MetS with cognitive function during midlife. Objective To determine associations between MetS exposure and cognitive function trajectories in midlife women. Design and setting This is a 17-year prospective, longitudinal study of multiracial/ethnic women in 7 US communities, with annual/biennial assessments. Participants Participants were 2149 US women traversing menopause. Exposure Exposure consisted of MetS assessments (median 4 assessments over 4 years). Main outcome measures Main outcome measures were assessments of cognitive function in 3 domains: perceptual speed (symbol digit modalities test, SDMT), episodic memory (East Boston Memory Test, EBMT), and working memory (Digit Span Backward Test, DSB). Results By their first cognitive assessment (age 50.7 ± 2.9 years), 29.5% met the criteria for MetS. Women completed a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 6 (IQR 4-7) follow-up cognitive assessments over 11.2 (IQR 9.2-11.5) years. Women with MetS, compared with those without, had a larger 10-year decline in SDMT z-score (estimate -0.087, 95% confidence interval, -0.150 to -0.024; P = 0.007), after adjustment for cognitive testing practice effects, sociodemographics, lifestyle, mood, and menopause factors. As such, MetS accelerated the 10-year loss of perceptual speed by 24%. MetS did not differentially affect the rate of decline in either immediate (P = 0.534) or delayed (P = 0.740) episodic memory or in working memory (P = 0.584). Conclusions In midlife women MetS exposure was associated with accelerated decline in perceptual speed, but not episodic or working memory.
THE ACTIVATION OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE IN NORADRENERGIC NEURONS DURING ACUTE NERVE STIMULATION

Peripheral TH appears to exist in two forms. Acute nerve stimulation is associated with rapid activation of the enzyme to a form which exhibits a higher affinity for tetrahydropterin cofactor. The activation of the enzyme can be produced directly in situ by cyclic AMP analogs. The activation appears to be mediated by a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase reaction.
Advances on the live attentuated oral cholera vaccine CVD103-HgR

Cholera is epidemic in many countries, and is a major public health problem. Cholera vaccine is one of the main tools for prevention and control of cholera. Oral cholera vaccine CVD103-HgR contains gene-engineered live strain. The advances on immune response, protective effect and safety of oral cholera vaccine CVD103-HgR in recent years are summerized in this review. Key words: Cholera; Vaccine; Oral administration; Immune response; Safety
Developing an interactive and illustrative laboratory management curriculum for cytopathology trainees

Laboratory management is a critically important but often overlooked portion of cytopathology training. Indeed, recent surveys of new-in-practice pathologists have consistently shown this to be an area of deficiency. Fortunately, there are a multitude of resources available to fill this need.1-6 These resources, such as government websites and publications by professional organizations, are often freely accessible to everyone; however, the information they provide is scattered across the vast expanse of cyberspace. We offer this educational module to bridge those gaps and string together a web of resources. The curriculum content includes a pretest to assess the trainee's knowledge and a tree of clickable subject headings covering basic laboratory management topics that a graduating cytopathology fellow should be familiar with. Each subject heading is linked to a summary of the subject using tables and visual diagrams with hyperlinks to specific online resources and additional detailed information. A posttest is included to provide instant feedback. Although by no means comprehensive, we hope this will provide a stepping stone for our readers to build a sound laboratory management foundation that may guide their practice.
Resilient Mobile Fronthaul Links with Heterodyne Detection in Integrated Fiber-MMW-Fiber Transmission

We experimentally demonstrated a seamlessly integrated fiber-wireless-fiber system for agile data delivery with II-dB receiver sensitivity improvement by adopting cost-efficient heterodyne detection. The geographical impact of deploying millimeter wave (MMW) sites is also investigated.
The utility of an under-distended gallbladder on ultrasound in ruling out acute cholecystitis

To study the association between gallbladder dimensions and acute cholecystitis and to define a sensitive cutoff for excluding the disease. 456 consecutive patients with an abdominal ultrasound performed for right upper quadrant pain, from 1/2019 to 4/2019, were retrospectively collected. Length and width of the gallbladder were measured by a blinded radiology fellow. Patient charts were examined for prospective sonographic findings, clinical data, and pathology from subsequent cholecystectomy or at least 1 month of follow-up with symptom resolution. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to define the association of gallbladder dimensions and other sonographic and clinical variables with acute cholecystitis. Optimal and sensitive cutoffs of gallbladder widths were defined. The determined sensitive cutoff was validated with a separate cohort of 501 consecutive patients. 319 patients (median age 48 ± 19 years) including 11%, 19%, and 70% with acute, chronic, and no cholecystitis were included in the experimental cohort, respectively, and 298 patients (median age 50 ± 19 years) including 10%, 12%, and 79% with acute, chronic, and no cholecystitis were included in the validation cohort, respectively. Of all sonographic findings and clinical data, gallbladder width produced the best univariate ROC curve with an AUC of 0.91 (Odds ratio 5.1, 95% CI 3.1–8.5, p < 0.001). 2.2 cm was the gallbladder width cutoff below which there were no cases of acute cholecystitis in the experimental cohort. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using sonographic findings only produced an ROC curve with an AUC of 0.94. Applying the 2.2 cm cutoff in the validation cohort resulted in 100% sensitivity. Lack of gallbladder distention, defined as a width less than 2.2 cm, has potential to serve as a highly sensitive sign for exclusion of acute cholecystitis, regardless of additional sonographic findings and clinical data.
“A Great Injustice”: Urban Capitalism and the Limits of Freedom in Nineteenth-Century New York City:

Seneca Village was the largest African American landowning community in New York City until it was destroyed to build Central Park. Although it has largely been overlooked, Seneca Village reframes ...
Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma

SeverFigurel cellular elements of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients contribute to the immune evasion, proliferation, and drug resistance of MM cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated M2-like, "alternatively activated" macrophages, CD38+ regulatory B-cells (Bregs), and regulatory T-cells (Tregs). These immunosuppressive elements in bidirectional and multi-directional crosstalk with each other inhibit both memory and cytotoxic effector T-cell populations as well as natural killer (NK) cells. Immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), protease inhibitors (PI), monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), adoptive T-cell/NK cell therapy, and inhibitors of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways have emerged as promising therapeutic platforms that can be employed in various combinations as part of a rationally designed immunomodulatory strategy against an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in MM. These platforms provide the foundation for a new therapeutic paradigm for achieving improved survival of high-risk newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory MM patients. Here we review the scientific rationale and clinical proof of concept for each of these platforms.
Diesel Exhaust Particulate Control System Development

The EPA has established stringent requirements for levels of particulates emitted from the exhaust of diesel passenger cars. This paper summarizes six years of development activities directed towards reduction of diesel passenger car particulates. A series of conceptual approaches have been experimentally evaluated, leading to development of a regenerative particulate trap. Alternate trapping material investigations, regeneration systems, and total trap systems are reviewed. The current status of this development and required technical needs are identified.
Abstract 3939: Delineation of the ATM-Snail pathway in the DNA damage response

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA To cope with constant challenges toward the fidelity of genome by DNA damaging insults (both endogenous and exogenous), activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) is an essential step in preventing genomic instability. Studies of mammalian mechanisms have revealed that there are comprehensive, coordinated pathways that, when activated, serve to regulate the DDR. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive DDR mediated by the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase is linked to activation of the Zinc finger protein SNAI1 (Snail). Activated Snail in metastasis is well-characterized by its role as transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin thereby inducing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we report that, in response to DNA damage, activation of the ATM-Snail pathway, mediated by Snail Serine 100 phosphorylation, also contributes to the regulation of the cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Expression of a hyperactive Snail led to radioresistance. More interestingly, the Serine 100 to Glutamic Acid mutant variant of Snail displayed an enhanced invasion index after low dose radiation, independent of survival. Functional genomics and proteomics studies revealed downstream targets and interacting partners of Snail in the DDR. Together, we highlight the functional significance of the ATM-Snail pathway in the DDR. Citation Format: Rebecca J. Boohaker, Joshua Fried, Xiaoli Cui, Bo Xu. Delineation of the ATM-Snail pathway in the DNA damage response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3939. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3939
Selection of Revertants of Kirsten Sarcoma Virus Transformed Nonproducer BALB/3T3 Cells

Revertants of Kirsten sarcoma virus transformed nonproducer BALB/3T3 cells (KA31 cells) were isolated after exposing the transformed cells to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine at high cell density, or when suspended in methylcellulose. Revertants were also isolated by treating KA31 cells with the lectin, concanavalin A, which is manyfold more toxic to transformed cells than for normal cells. The revertants resemble BALB/3T3 cells in their morphology and growth characteristics in that they have a low saturation density, fail to grow in 1% calf serum or when suspended in methylcellulose, and cease to synthesize DNA after reaching their saturation density. Infection by murine leukemia virus rescues Kirsten sarcoma virus from only the concanavalin-A-selected variants, though all the revertants are susceptible to infection by leukemia virus. The concanavalin A revertants also become transformed after infection with murine leukemia virus. All the revertants can be transformed by Kirsten sarcoma virus but not by simian virus 40.
A Comparison of Model Predictions and Observations of the Transfer of 137 Cs Through the Air-Pasture-Cow-Milk Pathhay

Environmental measurements following the Chernobyl accident for selected locations in the United States and Europe were compared with model predictions of the transfer of 137Cs through the air-pasture-cow-milk pathway. The models include IAEA Safety Series No. 57, AIRDOS/EPA, NRC Regulatory Guides 1.109 and 1.111, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) screening model, and the PATHWAY dynamic food-chain model. Time integrals of the 137Cs concentrations in air, pasture, and milk were estimated, and the predicted and observed grass/air, milk/air, and milk/grass concentration ratios were compared. Predictions of the transfer of 137Cs from air to pasture and from pasture to milk tended to exceed observations. Those of PATHWAY, however, consistently underpredicted the grass/air and milk/air concentration ratios due to the use of parameter values specific for the deposition of large particles and their interception and retention by vegetation. Where possible, parameter values were adjusted to the specific conditions determined for a location, which substantially reduced the discrepancy between predictions and observations.
International Intellectual Property Rights: Do TRIPS' Flexibilities Permit Sufficient Access to Affordable HIV/AIDS Medicines in Developing Countries?

The World Trade Organization’s Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement seeks to standardize intellectual property laws around the world. TRIPS is controversial because, in effect, it limits access to affordable HIV/AIDS medicines in nations where they are desperately needed. This Note argues that although TRIPS’ compulsory licensing provision is an invaluable tool for improving access to affordable medicines, a tiered-pricing scheme in concert with a ban on parallel imports would help secure universally lower drug prices.
Experimental Observations of the Breakup of Multiple Metal Jets in a Volatile Liquid

A postulated severe loss of coolant accident in a nuclear reactor can lead to significant core damage due to residual heat generation. Subsequently, melted core materials (i.e.; corium) could migrate downward and impinge upon the lower head of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). During this relocation, the complexity of the reactor structure could segregate the molten corium into various flow paths. A perforated flow plate could readily provide the mechanism to segregate the molten corium. The resulting small (a few cm) diameter melt streams, driven by gravity, could then penetrate the remaining coolant in the RPV and cause any of the following events: impingement of the high temperature melt streams on the lower head could breach the RPV; re-agglomeration of the corium melt on the lower head could influence the coolability of the debris bed; {open_quotes}pre-mixing{close_quotes} of the melt streams with the coolant could lead to a vapor explosion; or, sufficient quenching of the melt streams by the coolant could produce a stabilized debris bed. An overview of the thermo-science issues related to core-melt accidents is presented by Theofanous. Thus, insight into the melt stream breakup mechanisms (i.e.; interfacial conditions, fragmentation, and geometric spacing) during the melt-coolant interactions is necessary to evaluate the plausibility, and characteristics, of these events. Molten Fuel Stream Breakup Simulation (MFSBS) experiments have been performed at Argonne National Laboratory in which simulant materials were used to determine a `boiling` jet breakup length correlation and to visualize the melt fragmentation mechanisms during the penetration of a single molten metal jet into a volatile liquid. The goal was to characterize the hydrodynamics of the corium-water interactions in a postulated core melt accident. The present experiment closely follows the procedures of the MFSBS.
The Role of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in the Detection of the Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve During Thyroid Surgery

Abstract Introduction: The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve occurs in less than 1% of cases and is associated with a right subclavian artery takeoff from the distal aortic arch. The nonrecurrent laryng...
Academic Workload Typologies and Burnout Among Faculty in Seventh-day Adventist Colleges and Universities in North America

The focus of this investigation was to determine the possible relationship of workload typologies and other selected demographic variables to levels of burnout among full-time faculty in Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities in North America. Four typologies of academic workload emerged from the study of the data. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between academic workload typologies and other selected demographic variables in levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. No relationship was found between the variables studied and levels of personal accomplishment.
MCP-1 causes cardiomyoblast death via autophagy resulting from ER stress caused by oxidative stress generated by inducing a novel zinc-finger protein, MCPIP

MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) plays a critical role in the development of heart failure that is known to involve apoptosis. How MCP-1 contributes to cell death involved in the development of heart disease is not understood. In the present study we show that MCP-1 causes death in cardiac myoblasts, H9c2 cells, by inducing oxidative stress which causes ER stress leading to autophagy via a novel zinc-finger protein, MCPIP (MCP-1-induced protein). MCPIP expression caused cell death, and knockdown of MCPIP attenuated MCP-1-induced cell death. It caused induction of iNOS (inducible NO synthase), translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit phox47 from the cytoplasm to the membrane, production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and induction of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress markers HSP40 (heat-shock protein 40), PDI (protein disulfide-isomerase), GRP78 (guanine-nucleotide-releasing protein 78) and IRE1alpha (inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha). It also caused autophagy, as indicated by beclin-1 induction, cleavage of LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) and autophagolysosome formation, and apoptosis, as indicated by caspase 3 activation and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) assay. Inhibitors of oxidative stress, including CeO2 nanoparticles, inhibited ROS formation, ER stress, autophagy and cell death. Specific inhibitors of ER stress inhibited autophagy and cell death as did knockdown of the ER stress signalling protein IRE1. Knockdown of beclin-1 and autophagy inhibitors prevented cell death. This cell death involved caspase 2 and caspase 12, as specific inhibitors of these caspases prevented MCPIP-induced cell death. Microarray analysis showed that MCPIP expression caused induction of a variety of genes known to be involved in cell death. MCPIP caused activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 and induction of p53 and PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis). Taken together, these results suggest that MCPIP induces ROS/RNS (reactive nitrogen species) production that causes ER stress which leads to autophagy and apoptosis through caspase 2/12 and IRE1alpha-JNK/p38-p53-PUMA pathway. These results provide the first molecular insights into the mechanism by which elevated MCP-1 levels associated with chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of heart failure.
Microbial source tracking: state of the science.

Although water quality of the Nation's lakes, rivers and streams has been monitored for many decades and especially since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, many still do not meet the Act's goal of "fishable and swimmable". While waterways can be impaired in numerous ways, the protection from pathogenic microbe contamination is most important for waters used for human recreation, drinking water and aquaculture. Typically, monitoring methods used for detecting potential pathogenic microorganisms in environmental waters are based upon cultivation and enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria (i.e. fecal coliforms, E. coli, and fecal enterococci). Currently, there is increasing interest in the potential for molecular fingerprinting methods to be used not only for detection but also for identification of fecal contamination sources. Molecular methods have been applied to study the microbial ecology of environmental systems for years and are now being applied to help improve our waters by identifying problem sources and determining the effect of implemented remedial solutions. Management and remediation of water pollution would be more cost-effective if the correct sources could be identified. This review provides an outline of the main methods that either have been used or have been suggested for use in microbial source tracking and some of the limitations associated with those methods.
Temporal arteritis without an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Case report and review of the literature

An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is regarded as a hallmark of temporal arteritis. Thirty-five cases of biopsy-proved temporal arteritis without an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are identified, and a 36th case is described. All patients had age-adjusted normal Westergren sedimentation rates, 16 with sedimentation rates of 20 mm per hour or less and 20 with sedimentation rates of 21 to 40 mm per hour. Twenty-two patients had sufficient clinical information for analysis and comparison with reported series of patients with biopsy-proved temporal arteritis with an elevated Westergren sedimentation rate. Headache (41 percent), temporal artery abnormalities (41 percent), and visual symptoms (36 percent) were the most common manifestations in patients without an elevated sedimentation rate. Headache (41 percent versus 75 percent, p less than 0.05) and jaw claudication (9 percent versus 43 percent, p less than 0.025) were found less often in the patients without an elevated sedimentation rate. History and physical examination are essential in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis with a normal Westergren sedimentation rate.
Vibratory angioedema: A hereditary type of physical hypersensitivity

Abstract A new clinical entity has been termed vibratory angioedema (VA). This is inherited as a Mendelian-dominant characteristic. The manifestations consist of local erythematous and edematotis lesions following local stimuli of a vibratory or fractional nature. Marked local reactions are accompanied by facial or generalised erythema and headache. The systemic manifestations subsequent to intense local stimulation suggested the release of a vasoactive amine. Further evidence for this was provided by detection of elevated plasma amine levels in venous blood from an extremity following an appropriate stimulus. It was not established that this material was histamine or that it was an active participant in the local or systemic reaction. VA is a hereditary, immediate-type, nonimmunologic physical hypersensitivity reaction that may be associated with vasoactive mediator release.
Body-Checked, Misshapen, and Pimpled Eggs as Influenced by Force Molting

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of force molting on the occurrence of pimpled, misshapen, and body-checked eggs. Approximately 15,000 Babcock (Experiment 1) and 15,000 Honegger (Experiment 2) hens, 16 months of age, were force molted. Eggs were collected from approximately 2200 hens just prior to force molting and at 8, 13, and 24 weeks postmolt. The eggs were collected at 0600 hr and discarded. The eggs were then collected at 2 hr intervals from 0600 to 1800 hr and scored for pimpling, body-checks, and misshapenness. Most of the misshapen and body-checked eggs were laid between 0600 and 1000 hr, with very few being laid after 1000 hr. Force molting did not prevent or eliminate the misshapen and body-checked eggs. The degree of egg shell pimpling was significantly reduced by force molting in both experiments. Although the degree of egg shell pimpling increased during the postmolt, it was still significantly less at the end of the 24-week postmolt than during the premolt period. The Honegger hens had significantly less pimpling during the premolt and the 24-week postmolt periods than the Babcock hens. In summary, force molting significantly reduced the severity of egg shell pimpling but appeared to have little influence on misshapen and body-checked eggs.
Structure and Function of the Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor in Steroidogenic Cells

Steroidogenesis depends on the rate of cholesterol transport from intracel- lular stores to the inner mitochondrial membrane cytochrome P-450 side-chain cleav- age enzyme. Using steroidogenic cell submitochondrial fractions, mitochondrial preparations, various cell models, and animal models and with the help of pharma- cological, biochemical, morphological, and molecular approaches, we provide evi- dence that the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor mediates the intramitochon- drial cholesterol transport and the subsequent adrenal, gonadal, placental, and brain steroid biosynthesis. (P.S.E.B.M. 1998, Vol 2171
Changes in Infants' Cries as a Function of Time in a Cry Bout

The present study examines changes in cry sounds over the course of a relatively long bout of crying. Specifically, differences in acoustic characteristics of 5 cries from early and 5 cries from late in a prolonged cry bout were assessed. The results indicated that several features changed in means and/or variances between early and late in the bout. A subset of 9 acoustic features was chosen to evaluate changes in the interrelations of features over time. Cries from late in the bout appeared to result from a smaller number of factors, which were more readily interpretable in terms of a standard model of cry production. Thus, it appears that as infants' level of arousal or distress changes, so do the acoustic features of their cries. Further, the results support the notion that bouts of crying settle into a "basic" or regular cry whose acoustic features provide a reasonable match with a theoretical model of cry production.
The Influence of Social Environment: Behavior of Unrelated Adults Affects Future Juvenile Behaviors

Juveniles' behaviors are often influenced by the behaviors of conspecifics. Most experimental studies of the influence of conspecific behavior vary the social environment by the presence or absence of conspecifics or investigate the impact of the outcome of social encounters (winner/loser effects) but less frequently expose individuals to variation in behavioral phenotypes present in the social environment. Based on previous work showing that juveniles of the salamander Plethodon cinereus are likely to interact frequently with non-parental adults, I hypothesized that territorial adults in the social environment alter the future behaviors of juveniles. I measured the intracohort social behaviors of juvenile salamanders collected from two geographic areas, Michigan (MI) and Virginia (VA), before and after housing with ostensibly territorial (VA) or non-territorial (MI) adults. There were overall effects of adult territoriality and aggression on the behavior of juveniles. However, juveniles from populations in MI were especially susceptible to behavioral modification. Compared with behaviors prior to being housed with adults, MI juveniles increased investigatory and escape behaviors in juvenile–juvenile interactions after being housed with adults that displayed territorial behaviors and decreased investigatory and escape behaviors after being housed with non-territorial adults. This study shows that not only is a specific behavior, territoriality of adult salamanders, a social environment that modifies future juvenile behaviors, but the effects of social environment may differ between populations.
Surface Pressure Observations from Smartphones: A Potential Revolution for High-Resolution Weather Prediction?

Millions of smartphones possess relatively accurate pressure sensors and the expectation is that these numbers will grow into the hundreds of millions globally during the next few years. The availability of millions of pressure observations each hour from smartphones has major implications for high-resolution numerical weather prediction. This paper reviews smartphone pressure-sensor technology, describes commercial efforts to collect the data in real time, examines the implications for mesoscale weather prediction, and provides an example of assimilating smartphone pressure observations for a strong convective event over eastern Washington State.
Phase-conjugate optical coherence tomography

We demonstrate a new type of optical coherence tomography using only classical resources to achieve results that are typically associated with quantum-enhancedmetrology: factor-of-two axial resolution enhancement and even-order dispersion cancellation.
Consciousness About Sexual Harassment Among Heterosexual and Lesbian Women Workers

This paper explores the nature of sexual harassment as a subjective and multi-faceted concept, one which challenges the meaning of taken-for-granted behaviors embedded in heterosexual interactions and relationships. Drawing on survey samples of 237 lesbian and 144 heterosexual working women, the study discusses the ways in which a woman's sexual identity affects her experiences and interpretation of interactions at work as sexual harassment. Four discrete indicators of consciousness about sexual harassment are employed: experiences and feelings about daily approaches, attitudes about the problem of unwanted sexual approaches at work, and recognition and willingness to utilize the term sexual harassment. The findings show that women have a great many physical and sexual experiences at work most of which they dislike; there is substantial recognition of the problem among working women. However, there is a gap between experiencing and disliking the phenomenon and applying the term sexual harassment in describing it. Further, women vary in the use of the label sexual harassment by the degree of social and economic inequality and powerlessness each experiences at her workplace; as a group, lesbians are more likely than heterosexuals to employ the term. The author suggests that further research concerning sexual harassment move beyond documenting incidents since by themselves they do not establish the basis on which particular situations in the everyday lives of working women come to be labeled sexual harassment.
From Mishnaic Philosophy To Talmudic Religion: The Transformation of Judaism Between 200 and 400 AD

Later generations have treated the rabbinic writings as continuous with one another, starting with the Mishnah, the foundation-document (ca. 200 A.D.), and running on through the two Talmuds (ca. 400 A.D. and 600 A.D., respectively). When, however, we read the documents on their own terms, one by one, we see that each one makes its distinctive statement. Successor-writings, though portrayed as mere exegesis of prior documents, in fact set forth their own systems. So we can compare one system with another within the ongoing literary statement of a religion.
Allometric estimation of earthworm ash-free dry mass from diameters and lengths of select megascolecid and lumbricid species

We present novel length to ash-free dry mass and preclitellar diameter to ash-free dry mass allometric equations for seven earthworm species from the families Megascolecidae and Lumbricidae, all of which are exotic and most of which are of ecological concern in North America: Eisenia hortensis, Eisenia fetida, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Lumbricus rubellus, Octolasion sp., Amynthas hilgendorfi, and Perionyx excavatus. We also present a length–biomass allometric equation for one enchytraeid, Mesenchytraeus sp. All relationships between length and biomass, and diameter and biomass were statistically significant at the species and family level (P<0.001). The predictive powers of these allometric regressions (as coefficients of determination, r2) were species-specific, and ranged widely from 0.27 to 0.93. Length–biomass regressions provided more predictive power and precision overall than preclitellar diameter–biomass calculations at both the species and the family levels. An ANCOVA followed by orthogonal contrasts determined that, while the slopes of these regressions did not differ significantly between the two earthworm families, significant differences in slopes of length–biomass regressions existed among species within families, indicating the utility of having species-level equations for accurate biomass predictions. With these allometric relationships, we aim to improve the estimation of earthworm biomass in order to facilitate investigations of how exotic-invasive earthworm species impact soil ecosystems.
Bacteria modulate host-cell responses by capitalizing on the lipid raft structure

Evaluation of: Hajishengallis G, Wang M, Liang S, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K: Pathogen induction of CXCR4/TLR2 cross-talk impairs host defense function. PNAS 105 (36), 13532–13537 (2008). Bacterial modulation of the innate host response is a rapidly evolving field. From bacterial effector proteins secreted into host cells to lipopolysaccharide lipid A structures that block Toll-like receptor function, we are learning that bacterial pathogenesis often involves downregulation of innate host responses. In the report by Hajishengallis et al. we learn that Porphyromonas gingivalis capitalizes on the lipid raft structure to downmodulate innate defense mechanisms. Remarkably, this novel mechanism employs host-cell signaling pathways through cross-talk between Toll-like receptor-2/chemokine receptor 4 to attenuate the protective and bactericidal response to P. gingivalis infection. This subtle subversion of host signaling may contribute to the chronic and persistent nature of P. gingivalis-associated diseases.
Characterization of CaMKII-expressing neurons within a striatal region implicated in avian vocal learning

Abstract In songbirds, an anterior forebrain pathway has been implicated in vocal learning. Within Area X, the striatal–pallidal component of this forebrain pathway, early social tutoring dramatically increases the autophosphorylation of CaMKII (calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II). Activation of CaMKII often is associated with forms of synaptic plasticity (e.g. LTP) underlying learning and memory, and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated NMDA and dopamine (DA) receptor-dependent LTP among Area X medium spiny neurons [Ding, L., Perkel, D.J., 2002. Dopamine modulates excitability of spiny neurons in the avian Basal Ganglia. J. Neurosci. 22, 5210–5218]. Together, these data suggest that Area X neurons may help to encode a representation of song used for vocal mimicry. To identify which Area X neurons could participate in the CaMKII response to song tutoring, we used immunocytochemistry to assess the colocalization of CaMKII with several other biochemical markers that identify specific neuron classes within Area X. Virtually all (∼ 98%) Area X cells expressing CaMKII also expressed DARPP-32 (dopamine- and adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein), a dopamine signaling protein enriched in medium spiny striatal neurons. The implication that medium spiny neurons are primary mediators of the pCaMKII response to tutoring is interesting in view of the established dopaminergic modulation of LTP in this cell type. Additionally, BrdU and DARPP-32 immunocytochemistry were combined to test whether medium spiny neurons are among the neurons generated and incorporated into Area X during song learning. Based upon their expression of DARPP-32, the majority of Area X neurons labeled by BrdU injections given on posthatch days 20–25 are medium spiny neurons.
Intersections of circuits and cocircuits in binary matroids

Abstract Oxley has shown that if, for some k ⩾ 4, a matroid M has a k -element set that is the intersection of a circuit and a cocircuit, then M has a 4-element set that is the intersection of a circuit and a cocircuit. We prove that, under the above hypothesis, for k ⩾ 6, a binary matroid will also have a 6-element set that is the intersection of a circuit and a cocircuit. In addition, we determine explicitly the regular matroids which do not have a 6-element set that is the intersection of a circuit and cocircuit. Finally, we prove that in the case of graphs, if for some k ⩾ 4, a circuit and a cocircuit intersect in k elements, then there must be a circuit and a cocircuit that intersect in ( k − 2) elements.
GROUND‐WATER MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA

. Although Georgia receives approximately 50 inches of precipitation annually, concern over water quantity is increasing in this State. Historically, ground-water problems were associated with major urban-industrial withdrawals but recent irrigation development in the southwestern portion of the State has attracted attention. Irrigation withdrawals were exempted from the permit requirements of the 1972 Ground Water Use Act. This has led to an inability to manage the resource and questions regarding legal rights to the use of water. Current activities in the State indicate that measures may be taken during the 1980 session of the Georgia General Assembly to enable better management of the State's water resources.
Mathematics, Physics, and Crime

This paper looks at the general issue of patterns in spatio-temporal crime data; in other words, the 'when' and 'where' of crime events. For the case of violent acts, common patterns have been found to underlie fatalities in three quite different arenas: homicides in Bogota, Colombia; violent deaths in insurgent conflicts; and deaths due to global terrorist acts. It is proposed that the emerging scientific discipline of complexity is well placed to interpret such patterns--and may eventually lead to predictive spatio-temporal modeling. At the same time, caution is urged in simply adopting physical or biological models that are based on diffusion dynamics. While such models work very well in physical and biological systems, any element of decision making and/or communication at-a-distance in the criminological setting is likely to render diffusive models inaccurate and even potentially misleading. Language: en
Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of three-dimensional fluid flow on a desktop computer.

The lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method is a cellular automaton approach to simulating fluid flow with many advantages over conventional methods based on the Navier−Stokes equations. It is conceptually s...
Ta panta rhei

In this issue of Blood, Evans et al report that fractal analysis of the mechanical properties of whole-blood clots defines a unique property of the incipient clot that can be used as a functional biomarker of hemostasis.
SU-DD-A1-04: Impact of Prescription Dose Gradient Discretization On Dose Painting

Purpose: Continuous prescription gradients may not be practical or necessary in the implementation of dose painting. This study optimized dose distributions to various discrete prescriptions and tested them for conformity to continuous, non‐uniform prescriptions. Method and Materials: The planning geometry consisted of a virtual cylindrical water phantom, containing a concentric heterogeneous tumor volume. The tumor was prescribed a uniform dose with boost subvolumes receiving escalated doses of 20, 50, or 100 % relative to background. Variable dose gradients extended up to 2 cm from the edge of 1 cm radius boost regions. Prescriptions were defined over gradient regions either continuously or in discrete steps. An iterative linear least squares method was employed to optimize helical tomotherapy dose distributions. Tumor, normal tissue, and subvolume importances were fixed relative to one another. Dosimetric evaluation included quantification of the volumetric percentage of boost and gradient regions whose plans conformed to prescriptions within 5 %. Results: Dose conformity to prescriptions in high dose contrast boost regions increased from 47 % of the volume for an infinite gradient to 100 % of the volume for a continuous gradient over 2 cm. In high contrast gradient regions of 1 cm radial distance, conformity ascended from 22 % of the volume for a single step to 91 % of the volume for a continuous gradient. To achieve dose conformity in 90 % of a 1 cm gradient region volume at low contrast, the prescription step size must be no larger than 0.5 cm. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that finite thresholds in prescription discretization exist to ensure planned dose conformity to continuous prescriptions. Adequate prescription gradient step size is dependent on beamlet dimensions, boost region size, and local gradient magnitude. Evaluation of prescription discretization may impact dose painting treatment planning protocols in its application to clinical cases.