cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genomic organization of the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors within the leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4.

The leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LIRs) comprise a family of cell surface receptors that couple to either activating or inhibitory signals depending on the nature of their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. We describe the organization and fine localization of the genes for LIR-1 and LIR-5, which are inhibitory receptors, and LIR-6, which is an activating receptor. The genomic organization of all three genes is highly conserved from the signal peptide through the membrane-proximal Ig domain but diverges thereafter depending on the inhibitory or activating nature of the gene product. The 3′ untranslated region of the gene for LIR-6 contains a 37-base pair repeat not present in the LIR-1 or LIR-5 genes. 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends defined the putative transcription initiation site of the LIR-5 gene, which is TATA-less. A nucleotide substitution in the LIR-5 gene led to loss of an intron present in the 5′ untranslated region of the LIR-1 and LIR-6 genes. Differences in the genomic structure of these three LIR genes suggests possible mechanisms for their differential expression in cells of hematopoietic lineage. The three genes are in a region of Chromosome 19q13.4 that is immediately centromeric of the killer cell Ig-like receptor genes and are separated from one another by ∼20 to 30 kb, suggesting that they arose by gene duplication from a common ancestor.
Higher Order Global Differentiability Local Approximations for 2-D Distorted Triangular Elements

The paper presents development of higher order global differentiability local approximations for two dimensional distorted triangular elements. We consider seven node (3 vertex nodes, 3 mid-side nodes and a center node) p-version C 00 hierarchical triangular element. The distorted element geometry in x y space is mapped into ξ η space in a two unit equilateral triangle with seven nodes (master element). For the master triangular element, 2-D C 00 p-version hierarchical local approximation functions are considered in ξ η space. The degrees of freedom and the approximation functions from the mid-side nodes and/or center node are borrowed to derive the derivative degrees of freedom at the corner nodes in ξ η space for various higher order global differentiability approximations in ξ η space. The derivative degrees of freedom at the corner nodes in ξ η space are transformed from the natural coordinate space to the physical coordinate space (x, y) using Jacobians of transformations to obtain the desired higher...
Kairos and Quantification: Data, Interpretation, and the Problem of Crania Americana

This essay examines kairos and rhetorical situation theory in relation to scientific inquiry, particularly the quantitative and interpretive components of Samuel G. Morton’s Crania Americana. Morton’s text is a flashpoint of debate on the ability of the sciences to detach themselves from their social contexts. This essay seeks to elucidate the significant political and social influences on scientific practice by examining the impact of kairos on Morton’s data analysis, and thereby to demonstrate kairos as a model for analyzing the interplay of the subjective and objective elements in processes of scientific inquiry.
Cardiac function after hepatic ischemia-anoxia and reperfusion injury: a new experimental model.

Background and MethodsDuring liver transplantation, reperfusion of the donor liver and in the clinical setting, end-stage liver disease, have occasionally resulted in profound cardiovascular disturbances. The etiology of hepatic injury-induced myocardial dysfunction is still unclear. In this study,
How effective is mobile browser cache

We report a study on the effectiveness of the mobile browser's cache. The study is based on the browsing history from 24 smartphone users over one year. We make two interesting findings. Firstly, increasing the cache size of the browser on smartphones will not improve the effectiveness of the browser cache very much. Secondly, revalidations greatly reduce the effectiveness of the browser cache. The findings reveal the limitations of the cache design for mobile browsers and motivate a new level of cache design and speculative revalidation and loading.
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in the southeastern United States using receptor and emissions-based models : Conceptual differences and implications for time-series health studies

Abstract Elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) have been associated with adverse effects on human health, but whether specific components of PM 2.5 are responsible for specific health effects is still under investigation. A complementary approach to examining species-specific associations is to assess associations between health outcomes and sources contributing to PM 2.5 . This approach could help target and regulate the sources that contribute most to adverse health effects. Various techniques have been developed to quantify source impacts on air quality, allowing examination of their health impacts. We compare two conceptually different approaches to source apportionment (SA): a receptor model and an emissions-based air-quality model. Daily source impacts for July 2001 and January 2002 at four sites in the southeastern US were calculated using CMB-LGO, an extended chemical mass balance receptor model incorporating the Lipschitz global optimizer, and EPA's Models-3 emissions-based air-quality modeling system (MM5–SMOKE–community multiscale air-quality (CMAQ)). The receptor model captured more of the temporal variation in source impacts at a specific receptor site compared to the emissions-based model. Driven by data at a single site, receptor models may have some significant shortcomings with respect to spatial representativeness (unless a reduced study area is used or data from multiple sites are available). SA results from emissions-based models, such as CMAQ, may be more spatially representative as they represent an average grid-cell value. Limitations in the ability to model daily fluctuations in emissions, however, lead to results being driven mainly by regional meteorological trends, likely underestimating the true daily variations in local source impacts. Using results from either approach in a health study would likely introduce an attenuation of the observed association, due to limited spatial representativeness in receptor modeling results and to limited temporal representativeness in emissions-based models results.
Identification of SR8278, a synthetic antagonist of the nuclear heme receptor REV-ERB

REV-ERBα is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that functions as a receptor for the porphoryin heme. REV-ERBα suppresses transcription of its target genes in a heme-dependent manner. Recently, the first nonporphyrin synthetic ligand for REV-ERBα, GSK4112, was designed, and it mimics the action of heme acting as agonist. Here, we report the identification of the first REV-ERB antagonist, SR8278. SR8278 is structurally similar to the agonist but blocks the ability of the GSK4112 to enhance REV-ERBα-dependent repression in a cotransfection assay. Additionally, whereas GSK4112 suppresses the expression of REV-ERBα target genes involved in gluconeogenesis, SR8278 stimulates the expression of these genes. Thus, SR8278 represents a unique chemical tool for probing REV-ERB function and may serve as a point for initiation of further optimization to develop REV-ERB antagonists with the ability to explore circadian and metabolic functions.
Multimodal therapy for neoplasms arising from a vesical diverticulum.

Both radical cystectomy and diverticulectomy for the treatment of neoplasms arising in a vesical diverticulum have resulted in poor survival, mainly secondary to early metastatic spread. In this study, nine patients were treated with a multispecialty approach in hopes of eradicating both local and distant disease. All patients underwent a combination of therapeutic modalities with three patients undergoing pre-operative radiotherapy (RT) and diverticulectomy; diverticulectomy and chemotherapy (three patients); diverticulectomy with chemotherapy and pre-operative RT (two patients); and definitive RT with cisplatin (one patient). With a mean follow-up of 4.0 years (median 3.2), four patients are free of disease, two are dead of other causes, one patient has developed an invasive recurrence, one patient is alive with metastatic disease, and one patient is dead of disease. Five patients (55%) developed local recurrences. Disease-specific survival for the group was 89%. Surgical monotherapy has been ineffective in controlling both local and metastatic disease in patients with diverticular tumors. This study suggests a significant benefit from systemic chemotherapy and RT when combined with surgery for these neoplasms. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Morphological Parameters Associated with Ruptured Posterior Communicating Aneurysms

The rupture risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is known to be dependent on the size of the aneurysm. However, the association of morphological characteristics with ruptured aneurysms has not been established in a systematic and location specific manner for the most common aneurysm locations. We evaluated posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms for morphological parameters associated with aneurysm rupture in that location. CT angiograms were evaluated to generate 3-D models of the aneurysms and surrounding vasculature. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate morphological parameters including aneurysm volume, aspect ratio, size ratio, distance to ICA bifurcation, aneurysm angle, vessel angles, flow angles, and vessel-to-vessel angles. From 2005–2012, 148 PCoA aneurysms were treated in a single institution. Preoperative CTAs from 63 patients (40 ruptured, 23 unruptured) were available and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that smaller volume (p = 0.011), larger aneurysm neck diameter (0.048), and shorter ICA bifurcation to aneurysm distance (p = 0.005) were the most strongly associated with aneurysm rupture after adjusting for all other clinical and morphological variables. Multivariate subgroup analysis for patients with visualized PCoA demonstrated that larger neck diameter (p = 0.018) and shorter ICA bifurcation to aneurysm distance (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with rupture. Intracerebral hemorrhage was associated with smaller volume, larger maximum height, and smaller aneurysm angle, in addition to lateral projection, male sex, and lack of hypertension. We found that shorter ICA bifurcation to aneurysm distance is significantly associated with PCoA aneurysm rupture. This is a new physically intuitive parameter that can be measured easily and therefore be readily applied in clinical practice to aid in the evaluation of patients with PCoA aneurysms.
Concurrent Reduction of Draft Height and Heat-Exchange Area for Large Dry Cooling Towers

A procedure is outlined to meet simultaneous requirements to reduce overall size of a dry cooling tower for a large power plant, and to reduce the size (surface area) of the associated air-water heat exchanger. First, tower exit dimensions (or fan power) are specified as attainable fractions of their theoretical minima as found from a draft equation. Then a heat-exchanger type is chosen, having as small an air hydraulic diameter as feasible. Appropriate equations and assumptions dealing with air side and water side heat exchange and water pumping power then yield a full description of tower and heat-exchanger characteristics for a given tower duty. A specific example is worked out and compared with the tower at Rugeley, England. We find that a very open heat exchanger, of shallow depth (one in or less) results from our analysis, and in a proposed configuration of acceptable header loss gives a 1/3 height reduction and a four-fold reduction of heat-exchanger area.
The implications of imperfect measurement for free-choice carry-over effects: Reply to M. Keith Chen’s (2008) “Rationalization and cognitive dissonance: Do choices affect or reflect preferences?”

Abstract Examinations of post-choice decision-making behavior often involve two successive choices. At time 1, participants choose between two equally attractive items. At time 2, participants choose between the unchosen item from time 1 and a new item that is roughly equal in attractiveness to the other two. The option rejected at time 1 will tend to again be rejected at time 2, a tendency often attributed to a psychological carry-over effect. Chen (2008) (Available from: http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cd/d16b/d1669.pdf) discounts these psychological explanations. He argues that, given the time 1 choice, there is, in fact, a baserate probability of 66.7% that the initially unchosen item will be rejected again at time 2. However, Chen’s argument rests on the unwarranted assumption that the time 1 choice provides a perfectly reliable measure of subjects’ preference for the chosen item over the unchosen item. With more realistic estimates of the association between preference and choice, Chen’s statistical explanation cannot fully account for the carry-over effect. Alternative experimental methodologies that eliminate Chen’s statistical explanation are discussed.
A Common Programming Structure For Bryant-Chandy-Misra, Time-Warp, And Sequential Simulators

CPS expresses event-driven, parallel simulation programs. Rather than being a programming language, CPS is a structure imposed on an existing language, C++. CPS programs contain sufficient information to be implemented as Bryant-Chandy-Misra, time-warp, or sequential simulations. CPS is independent of any problem domain. We describe the main concepts of CPS, illustrating them using the problem of logic circuit simulation. We identify what information a parallel simulation must contain that is not required for sequential simulation.
Barriers to hospital births: why do many Bolivian women give birth at home?

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the low rates of hospital/health center births recorded in Yapacani, Bolivia, that persist despite the national maternal-infant insurance program designed to ensure equitable access to free center-based health care services for pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to identify the multilevel factors inhibiting access to and utilization of public health centers for labor and delivery. METHODS: Qualitative research methods were used, including participant observation, semistructured interviews of 62 community members, and key informant interviews with eight regional experts. Data were coded and analyzed using the grounded theory approach. RESULTS: From the semistructured interview data, five reasons for the low rate of institutional births and their frequency were identified: (1) fear or embarrassment related to receiving care at a public health care center (37%); (2) poor quality of care available at the health care centers (22%); (3) distance from or other geographic issues preventing timely travel to health care services (21%); (4) economic constraints preventing travel to or utilization of health care services (14%); and (5) the perception that health care services are not necessary due to the experience of "easy birth" (6%). CONCLUSIONS: The reasons for the low rate of births in public health centers exist within the context of deficient resources, politics, and cultural differences that all influence the experience of women and their partners at the time of birth. These large scale, contextual issues must be taken into account to improve access to quality health care services for all Bolivian women at the time of birth. Resources at the national level must be carefully targeted to ensure that governmental services will successfully instill confidence in Bolivian women and facilitate their overcoming the cultural, geographic, economic, and logistical barriers to accessing "free" services.
Spatio-temporal optical flow statistics (STOFS) for activity classification

This paper presents a novel descriptor for activity classification. The intuition behind the descriptor is "learning" statistics of optical flow histograms (as opposed to learning "raw" histograms). Towards this end, an activity descriptor capturing histogram statistics is constructed. Further, a technique to make the feature descriptor scale-invariant and parts-based is proposed. The approach is validated on a dataset collected from a camera network. The data presents a challenging real world scenario (variable frame rate recording, significant depth disparity, and severe clutter), where biking, skateboarding, and walking are activities to be classified. Experimental results point to the promise of the proposed descriptor in comparison to state of the art.
Noise-induced arousal and breadth of attention.

The effect of intermittent noise upon attention span was investigated in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 4 levels of noise intensity were used (no noise, 75 db, 85 db, and 100 db). The task was a serial anticipation task in which the relevant stimuli were 4-letter words located in the center of a projected slide. 3-letter words were peripherally located; the peripheral words were not mentioned to Ss. Ss in the 85-db and the 100-db conditions learned fewer of the peripheral words as indicated by a free-recall test than Ss in the no-noise and the 75-db conditions, indicating a narrowing of attention due to the higher noise levels. In Exp. 2, Ss operating under noise (85 db) performed significantly better on the Stroop Color-Word Test than did Ss operating under no noise, again indicating a focusing of attention due to noise-induced arousal. The results are consistent with the proposal of several authors that increasing emotional arousal causes a narrowing of attention.
Turbulent transport in magnetic confinement: how to avoid it

From recent tokamak research, there is considerable experimental evidence that superthermal ions slow down and diffuse classically in the presence of turbulent fluctuations that cause anomalous transport of thermal ions. Further more, research on field-reversed configurations at Los Alamos is consistent with the view that kinetic effects suppress instability growth when the ratio of plasma radius to ion orbital radius is small; turbulence is enhanced and confinement degrades when this ratio increases. Motivated by these experiments, we consider a plasma consisting of large-orbit non-adiabatic ions and adiabatic electrons. For such a plasma, it is possible that the anomalous transport characteristic of tokamaks can be avoided and a compact reactor design becomes viable.
Dialog as a Game

We describe a technique to manage pre-written lines of dialog by treating a conversation as a game. Thinking of conversation as a game means structuring it as a series of moves, made according to rules, with some sort of score. Speakers in our system converse by participating in short dialog trees, and make “moves” by negotiating transitions between trees. Speakers have internal state variables which describe their standing in the conversation and their emotional state. Speakers try to manage the conversation so as to maximize a payoff function of their internal variables. We believe that this technique will allow us to create lifelike NPC dialog, and allow our NPCs to play a more social role in game worlds. We also believe that games in general desperately need to have more socially coherent NPCs, and that improving dialog is a critical problem in game development.
Electroquasistatic induction micromotors

The steady-state operation of the electroquasistatic induction micromotor (IM) is investigated. A rotary pancake IM compatible with surface micromachining serves as an example. A model is developed to predict the electric potential, field, and free charge within the IM. The model also predicts the motive torque and transverse force of electric origin acting on its rotor. The torque is balanced against bushing friction and windage to determine rotor velocity; the bushing friction is modeled as a function of the transverse force acting on the rotor. The model is used to study IM performance and its dependence on IM dimensions and material properties. For example, IM performance is predicted to be a complex function of axial IM dimensions and a strong function of rotor conductivity. The study also reveals that IM performance can differ significantly from that of the variable-capacitance micromotor. For example, the dependence of motive torque and transverse force on velocity and the excitation and control requirements can all be significantly different. >
Inadequate venous return as a primary cause for Fontan circulatory limitation

graft would have allowed a more limited surgical sub-costal approach for LVAD pump exchange. This may have avoided the extensive dissection, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) duration and vasoplegia, which ultimately resulted in the patient’s death. The diagnosis of LVAD thrombosis is complex and should be based on an algorithm that includes clinical symptoms, along with serologic and imaging studies. CTA is considered a non-invasive imaging modality and may be a reliable diagnostic tool for thrombus detection in the graft; however, clinicians should be aware of the potential misinterpretation of findings in VAD patients.
Celluloid love songs: musical modus operandi and the dramatic aesthetics of romantic Hindi film

In Hindi cinema, love songs comprise the vast majority in an industry in which almost every film contains song and dance numbers. Often incorrectly characterised as narrative interruptions, these celluloid creations contain indigenous aesthetics and self-identifying cultural values, and employ contemporary cinematic techniques which impact film song content and context. How do these cinematic techniques intensify the viewing experience and allow traditional aesthetic ideals to coexist with contemporary codes relevant to a burgeoning Indian middle class and diaspora? Beginning with an examination of traditional sources and contemporary values regarding music and emotion, I address the particularly important notion of displaying heart, often the centrepiece of thematic and dramatic tension as well as the love song soundtrack. As the primary emotional genre, I analyse the use of heart in romantic films and suggest a general typology of romantic film songs and their aesthetics, including commonly used musical motifs and codes. Finally, I compare musical, cinematic and narrative components of the Indian romantic genre with those aspects of the American film musical, particularly in relation to cultural values and ideological differences. The iconic use of a couple-centric narrative is examined in relation to Indian displays of emotion, and love song duets are contextualised through description of several pervasive cinematic techniques used to heighten the emotional impact of songs on the audience. I conclude with a focus on the relationship between the song sequence and the narrative structure, particularly how this serves to intensify the narrative flow rather than interrupt it.
Innovation, Creativity, and Discovery in Modern Organizations

The article reviews the book “Innovation, Creativity, and Discovery in Modern Organizations,” by Wayne M. Bundy.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: The Problems of a Growing Family

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is now recognized as an important component of the control of many fundamental aspects of cellular function, including growth and differentiation, cell cycle and cytoskeletal integrity. In vivo, the net level of phosphorylation of tyrosyl residues in a target substrate reflects the balance between the competing action of kinases and phosphatases. We are examining physiological roles for protein tyrosine phosphorylation, pursuing the problem from the perspective of the enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation reaction, the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). The PTPases have, until recently, been somewhat neglected relative to the protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). However, considerable progress has been made in identifying new members of the PTPase family, and it appears that they constitute a novel class of signal transducing molecules that rival the PTKs in their structural diversity and complexity. One of the principal reasons that the study of PTPases has lagged behind that of the...
Practice parameter: Utility of electrodiagnostic techniques in evaluating patients with suspected peroneal neuropathy: An evidence-based review

An evidence-based review of electrodiagnostic (EDX) techniques in the evaluation of peroneal neuropathy was conducted to determine whether these techniques are useful for diagnosis and prognostication in this disorder. A Medline search and a review of relevant sources were performed in 1999 and updated through July 2003 to identify articles describing the use of EDX in patients suspected to have peroneal neuropathy. From the 499 articles identified, 112 articles describing motor and sensory nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography in peroneal neuropathy were reviewed in detail; 11 articles met the predetermined literature inclusion criteria for the adequacy of EDX techniques employed. Six articles provided Class III evidence in support of a role for nerve conduction studies in making the diagnosis of peroneal neuropathy; five articles provided Class IV evidence. Implicit in making the diagnosis were normal EDX findings outside the distribution of the peroneal nerve. The current literature supports the use of EDX in patients with suspected peroneal neuropathy (Level C recommendation).
Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment

It is widely recognized that communications that activate social norms can be effective in producing societally beneficial conduct. Not so well recognized are the circumstances under which normative information can backfire to produce the opposite of what a communicator intends. There is an understandable, but misguided, tendency to try to mobilize action against a problem by depicting it as regrettably frequent. Information campaigns emphasize that alcohol and drug use is intolerably high, that adolescent suicide rates are alarming, and—most relevant to this article—that rampant polluters are spoiling the environment. Although these claims may be both true and well intentioned, the campaigns’ creators have missed something critically important: Within the statement “Many people are doing this undesirable thing” lurks the powerful and undercutting normative message “Many people are doing this.” Only by aligning descriptive norms (what people typically do) with injunctive norms (what people typically approve or disapprove) can one optimize the power of normative appeals. Communicators who fail to recognize the distinction between these two types of norms imperil their persuasive efforts.
Frequency Doublers with GaAs FET's

A comprehensive study is presented of single-gate GaAs FET frequency doublers, including self-oscillating doublers, focusing specifically on their applicability to mm-wave power generation. Large-signal simulations are used to identify critical design aspects; with three experimental circuits substantiating the assumptions and predictions.
Improving the Speed of a Class of Single Frequency Estimation Algorithms

Recently, a class of recursive algorithms for single frequency estimation has been developed based on the rotate-add-decimate (RAD) method. The computational bottleneck of the RAD approach is the calculation of the arctangent function required to create a frequency estimate at the end of each recursion. This work demonstrates speed gains are possible with minimal loss in mean squared-error (MSE) performance by deferring accuracy in the calculation of the arctangent function until the final recursion.
Common peroneal nerve compression

Entrapment of the common peroneal nerve at the knee can cause sensory and motor symptoms and functional problems that affect the foot and ankle. This article reviews the signs and symptoms of entrapment of this nerve. It also presents a retrospective assessment of subjective improvement in symptoms and the activity level after decompression of the common peroneal nerve. A consecutive series of 17 patients who underwent neurolysis of the common peroneal nerve, 4 bilaterally, is reported. Eighteen (86%) of the 21 surgical procedures had a good-to-excellent outcome, whereas three outcomes (14%) were not improved. Decompression of the common peroneal nerve offers a chance for improvement of sensory and motor symptoms in carefully selected patients.
Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic disease: a systematic review of meta-analyses

Background: Depression is a major public health problem among adults with arthritis and other rheumatic disease. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of previous meta-analyses addressing the effects of exercise (aerobic, strength or both) on depressive symptoms in adults with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia and systemic lupus erythematous. Methods: Previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were included by searching nine electronic databases and cross-referencing. Methodological quality was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) Instrument. Random-effects models that included the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. The alpha value for statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05. The U3 index, number needed to treat (NNT) and number of US people who could benefit were also calculated. Results: Of the 95 citations initially identified, two aggregate data meta-analyses representing 6 and 19 effect sizes in as many as 870 fibromyalgia participants were included. Methodological quality was 91% and 82%, respectively. Exercise minus control group reductions in depressive symptoms were found for both meta-analyses (SMD, �0.61, 95% CI, �0.99 to �0.23, p = 0.002; SMD, �0.32, 95% CI, �0.53 to �0.12, p = 0.002). Percentile improvements (U3) were equivalent to 22.9 and 12.6. The number needed to treat was 6 and 9 with an estimated 0.83 and 0.56 million US people with fibromyalgia potentially benefitting.
A mitotic kinase scaffold depleted in testicular seminomas impacts spindle orientation in germ line stem cells

Correct orientation of the mitotic spindle in stem cells underlies organogenesis. Spindle abnormalities correlate with cancer progression in germ line-derived tumors. We discover a macromolecular complex between the scaffolding protein Gravin/AKAP12 and the mitotic kinases, Aurora A and Plk1, that is down regulated in human seminoma. Depletion of Gravin correlates with an increased mitotic index and disorganization of seminiferous tubules. Biochemical, super-resolution imaging, and enzymology approaches establish that this Gravin scaffold accumulates at the mother spindle pole during metaphase. Manipulating elements of the Gravin-Aurora A-Plk1 axis prompts mitotic delay and prevents appropriate assembly of astral microtubules to promote spindle misorientation. These pathological responses are conserved in seminiferous tubules from Gravin(-/-) mice where an overabundance of Oct3/4 positive germ line stem cells displays randomized orientation of mitotic spindles. Thus, we propose that Gravin-mediated recruitment of Aurora A and Plk1 to the mother (oldest) spindle pole contributes to the fidelity of symmetric cell division.
Unpacking the psychological weight of weight stigma: A rejection-expectation pathway☆

The present research tested the hypothesis that the negative effects of weight stigma among higher body-weight individuals are mediated by expectations of social rejection. Women and men who varied in objective body-weight (body mass index; BMI) gave a speech describing why they would make a good date. Half believed that a potential dating partner would see a videotape of their speech (weight seen) and half believed that a potential dating partner would listen to an audiotape of their speech (weight unseen). Among women, but not men, higher body-weight predicted increased expectations of social rejection, decreased executive control resources, decreased self-esteem, increased self-conscious emotions and behavioral displays of self-consciousness when weight was seen but not when weight was unseen. As predicted, higher body-weight women reported increased expectations of social rejection when weight was seen (versus unseen), which in turn predicted decreased self-esteem, increased self-conscious emotions, and increased stress. In contrast, lower body-weight women reported decreased expectations of social rejection when weight was seen (versus unseen), which in turn predicted increased self-esteem, decreased self-conscious emotions, and decreased stress. Men's responses were largely unaffected by body-weight or visibility, suggesting that a dating context may not be identity threatening for higher body-weight men. Overall, the present research illuminates a rejection-expectation pathway by which weight stigma undermines higher body-weight women's health.
Urban Design: Some Relevant Social Forces in Developing Societies

In developing societies a series of interrelated changes are occurring which are and will continue to have a major effect on the nature of urban life and, in turn, on settlement patterns. Urban designers must either ride with these trends or face directly their spatial implications. Among trends noted are major shifts in class composition with class substituting for ethnic homogeneity in residential choices, the dominance of the consumption and entertainment culture in the use of public space, the upswing in violence against property and personal safety in housing and locational preferences, and the increasingly endemic outbreaks of collective violence.
An Integrated Model of Religious Influence on Political Participation

Current thinking about the effect of religion on political participation centers on its organizational structure, emphasizing the role of “institutional treatment” – the development of resources, social pathways to recruitment, and shaping of motivation that occurs in small groups and activities of congregations. None of this work has, as of yet, incorporated the personality traits that may drive both religious involvement and political activity. Nor have studies evaluated the moderating effect of religious beliefs and values that may channel church-gained resources toward different ends, especially between men and women. With new data, we significantly augment the psychological dimension of religious effects on political participation while continuing to acknowledge (and model) the organizational connection of religion to politics. Following a growing line of research articulating how individual predispositions condition political involvement, we argue that gendered personality differences may moderate civic skill development in religious institutions and undermine their translation to political participation. The results admit of the true effect of religious organizations by controlling for the personality predispositions individuals bring to church and adding the cognitive bases for linking church-gained experiences to the public square. Women do not develop skills from religious institutions at the same rate as men, and this pattern is due in large part to their distinctive personality profile.
Experimental evidence of the secretion of urine by the fetal kidney.

SummaryThe bladders of fetal rats were allowed to fill after the urogenital papilla had been ligated. The contents of the bladder and the blood of the fetus were analyzed, as were also those of the mother. The observations indicate that the fetal kidney produces urine which is somewhat dilute.
The Incidence of Romanticism During Courtship

Lynds found that working-class wives had more best friends living near them than business-class wives. In Middletown over one-half of the best friends of working-class wives lived within six blocks of them while this was true for less than one-fifth of the best friends of business-class wives."5 In our study, lower status housewives first met relatively more of their close friends in the neighborhood than higher status women. In Table 4 it may be seen that 53.3 percent of the lower status housewives compared with only 31.6 percent of the higher status ones first met 21.0 percent or more of their close friends in the neighborhood. These findings are significant beyond the .001 level. The positive association between housewives' neighborhood friendships and lower social status is maintained at the .05 level of significance when length of neighborhood residence, employment, place of birth, household composition, club or organizational membership, and age are held constant."6 Since higher status wives have a relatively smaller proportion of their close friends in the neighborhood, they must of necessity have a greater proportion of them in other places. Thus, higher status wives first met more of their close friends at clubs or organizations, husbands' work, and school than occurred among lower status wives."7
Chemical Oscillations: The Templator Model

Recently, Rebek has synthesized self-replicating molecules in the laboratory. Given the importance of such molecules, we are introducing a simple model of self-replicating molecules for the first time. The model mimics the experimental template mechanism and is an important new dynamical model with cubic nonlinearity. This nonlinearity is modeled after the self-replicating mechanism recently reported in the literature. Here we consider the full templator model and a minimal model, which disregard the uncatalyzed step in the mechanism. For the minimal model, we find an exact analytical expression for the locations of the bifurcation points. For the full model, however, we obtain analytical approximations for the bifurcation points that compare very well with the exact numerical solutions.
Primary lymphedema: clinical features and management in 138 pediatric patients.

Background:Lymphedema results from maldevelopment of the lymphatic system (primary) or injury to lymphatic vasculature (secondary). Primary lymphedema is far less common than the secondary condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical features of primary lymphedema in the pediat
Harvesting HLA Antibodies From Placentas

Reagent quality HLA antibodies are essential as typing antisera in his to compatibility and transplantation laboratories. A high yield of these antibodies can be obtained from placentas by a simple technique. Placentas are obtained from an obstetrical unit, and the placental veins are severed. The placenta is then placed in a sealable plastic bag that is constricted in the center, allowing serum to drain into the lower portion of the bag. The serum is collected from the fewer portion of the bag after overnight drainage at 4°C, and can then be screened for HLA antibody. Sera from 604 placentas were processed using this technique, with volumes from 8 to 300 mL obtained (mean volume 74.2 mL). HLA antibody was demonstrated in 130 (21.5%) of the serum samples. Sera from 49 placentas (8.1%) contained reagent grade antibody after lymphocytotoxicity testing was performed to characterize specificity.
Effectiveness and Limitations of Cultivated Land Requisition-compensation Balance Policy in China

It has been more than ten years since Cultivated Land Requisition-compensation Balance Policy was implemented in China in 1997. Its targets also underwent the changes from quantity to quality balance,and finally to ecological equilibrium. This paper evaluates the policy effectiveness from three indicators: the policy implementation,the total amount of cultivated land and the grain output in China. On the whole,the goal of ‘quantity balance ' has been achieved in all provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities since 2001. But the total amount of cultivated land in China continues to decline and the quality of supplementary cultivated land can not be guaranteed. Moreover,the changes in the quantity and quality of cultivated land directly affect grain output in China. Although the policy plays a positive role in the domestic production and social life,in fact,there are still a lot of problems unsolved in the requisition and compensation of cultivated land,which exposed its limitations. For example,such illegal use of land as occupying cultivated land with less or no compensation has not been fundamentally curbed; occupying fertile land and replenishing it with poor one will further lead to ecological deterioration; besides,delayed supplement will continue to cause social injustice. From the perspective of public policy,the further research shows that as far as the policy targets are concerned,the policy overemphasized the ‘quantity balance'in occupation and compensation of farmland,ignoring the multiple targets such as ‘quality balance'and ‘ecological balance'. As for policy formulation,this policy puts more emphasis on the occupation of cultivated land and the requirement of compensation for the occupied land,but lacks a specification of how to supplement arable land,resulting in the decrease in the overall quality of cultivated land in China. In the implementation,the policy has objectively increased the difficulty of land supply. Meanwhile the inconsistency and conflict between the local governments and the central government targets caused deviation in the administrative roles. Finally,based on public policy targets,policy content,the transformation of the role of local governments and the mechanism of public participation,some suggestions are put forward to improve the policy.
Noninvasive Recognition and Biomarkers of Early Allergic Asthma in Cats Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis of NMR Spectra of Exhaled Breath Condensate

Asthma is prevalent in children and cats, and needs means of noninvasive diagnosis. We sought to distinguish noninvasively the differences in 53 cats before and soon after induction of allergic asthma, using NMR spectra of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Statistical pattern recognition was improved considerably by preprocessing the spectra with probabilistic quotient normalization and glog transformation. Classification of the 106 preprocessed spectra by principal component analysis and partial least squares with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) appears to be impaired by variances unrelated to eosinophilic asthma. By filtering out confounding variances, orthogonal signal correction (OSC) PLS-DA greatly improved the separation of the healthy and early asthmatic states, attaining 94% specificity and 94% sensitivity in predictions. OSC enhancement of multi-level PLS-DA boosted the specificity of the prediction to 100%. OSC-PLS-DA of the normalized spectra suggest the most promising biomarkers of allergic asthma in cats to include increased acetone, metabolite(s) with overlapped NMR peaks near 5.8 ppm, and a hydroxyphenyl-containing metabolite, as well as decreased phthalate. Acetone is elevated in the EBC of 74% of the cats with early asthma. The noninvasive detection of early experimental asthma, biomarkers in EBC, and metabolic perturbation invite further investigation of the diagnostic potential in humans.
Violence, Trauma, Mental Health, and Substance Use among Homeless Youth Juggalos

Insane Clown Posse is a musical duo whose fans are known as Juggalos. Many homeless youths (HY) identify as Juggalos, most likely because the group’s music embraces poverty and being an outsider in mainstream society. Juggalos are stereotyped as being violent, undereducated, poor, racist, crime-committing youth, and in 2011 the FBI officially labeled Juggalos as a gang. However, little is known about the intersection of HY and Juggalos. A convenience sample of Los Angeles-area, drop-in service-seeking HY completed a self-administered questionnaire (N = 495). In the sample, 15 % of HY identified as Juggalos. Juggalo-identifying youth were more likely to have experienced childhood trauma, including physical and sexual abuse and witnessing community violence. Multivariable models revealed that identifying as a Juggalo was associated with increased odds of recent methamphetamine use, ecstasy use, chronic marijuana use, and prescription drug misuse. Juggalos were also more likely to experience suicidal ideation, attempt suicide, recently engage in interpersonal violence, become injured during a fight, and have unprotected sex. In conclusion, Juggalos constitute a unique subpopulation of HY. Implications for Juggalo-specific trauma-informed services, rather than punitive, are discussed as well as the potential for future research regarding resiliency associated with Juggalo identification.
Whose idea is it anyway?: Students communicating innovative and entrepreneurial work and the quagmire of ownership at the university level

At many universities across the United States, the students' ideas resulting from course-associated work may not be their own, especially if they make "significant use" of university equipment or resources. But what does "significant use" mean for an undergraduate who is required to complete a unique design, in a team, for a grade? Is the design patentable? Licensable? Protected? The authors explore ramifications and ways to raise awareness for project-based designs and the communication of those designs.
Designing OFDM Radar Waveform for Target Detection Using Multi-objective Optimization

We propose a multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique to design an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signal for detecting a moving target in the presence of multipath reflections. We employ an OFDM signal to increase the frequency diversity of the system, as different scattering centers of a target resonate variably at different frequencies. Moreover, the multipath propagation increases the spatial diversity by providing extra “looks” at the target. First, we develop a parametric OFDM measurement model for a particular range cell under test, and convert it to an equivalent sparse-model by considering the target returns over all the possible signal paths and target velocities. Then, we propose a constrained MOO problem to design the spectral-parameters of the transmitting OFDM waveform by simultaneously optimizing three objective functions: maximizing the Mahalanobis distance to improve the detection performance, minimizing the weighted trace of the Cramer–Rao bound matrix for the unknown parameters to increase the estimation accuracy, and minimizing the upper bound on the sparse-recovery error to improve the performance of the equivalent sparse-estimation approach.