cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of v‐mos encoded proteins in cells transformed by several related murine sarcoma viruses

We have used antisera against synthetic peptides to identify and characterize a 37,000 dalton v-mos encoded protein (p37mos) in cells transformed by M-MuSV 124. p37mos, a phosphoprotein, comprises only about 0.0005% of total cellular protein in cell lines transformed by M-MuSV 124. NIH 3T3 cells acutely infected with M-MuSV 124, however, contain 30–100-fold more p37mos. These elevated levels of p37mos correlate with striking morphological changes and cell death in the acutely infected cell population. Using the antipeptide antisera, we have extended the analysis of v-mos proteins to include several other MuSV variants that contain a similar v-mos gene to M-MuSV 124. With the exception of P85, the gag-mos fusion protein from ts110 MuSV, the v-mos gene of these variants is expressed as a 35,000–37,000 dalton protein (size depending on the particular virus).
Experimental Investigation of Pressure Measurement and Airfoil Characteristics at Low Reynolds Numbers

A low-speed wind-tunnel investigation is presented that elucidates the effects of pressure tapping layout on observed pressure distributions. The characteristics of a 16% thick S8036 profile used in the study are explored. The set Reynolds number Re range was 75,000,100,000,150,000 and 200,000. Effects of streamwise, inclined, and wing-root taps were studied. Results encompassing pressure plots, lift coefficients, and surface flow visualization are presented. All data are compared to numerical predictions using Xfoil. The data show good agreement between experiment and Xfoil for most cases; most disagreement is in the location and extent of the laminar separation bubble. The results show that the streamwise taps may cause premature transition depending on the test Reynolds number and wing incidence. For a given angle of attack, agreement between the streamwise and inclined pressure ports improved with the Reynolds number, while for Re ≤ 100,000, the accord improved with wing incidence. Tappings at the wing root generally indicated reduced pressure compared to those along the span, although agreement between all three tap locations was reasonable downstream of the bubble reattachment As cited in the literature, the effect of increasing Reynolds number was to shorten the laminar bubble, not by altering the location of laminar separation but by earlier transition and reattachment. Incidence was noted to move the bubble toward the leading edge and to reduce its length slightly. Both the laminar and turbulent sections of the bubble were seen to demonstrate Reynolds number dependency. Reynolds number effects were also present in the magnitude of the loading upstream of bubble reattachment, but were not evident from the location of reattachment aft.
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography: more than a screening tool for pulmonary embolus

Abstract Background Traumatically injured patients have multiple causes for acute respiratory decompensation. We reviewed the use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in critically injured patients to evaluate the results and impact on patient care. Methods The charts of trauma patients (age >16 years) admitted to our intensive care unit for greater than 48 hours, who underwent CTPA for acute respiratory decompensation, were reviewed to determine the results of these studies and the effect on patient care. Results We identified 188 patients who underwent CTPA for acute physiologic changes. Pertinent clinical finding were identified in 95% of studies and included atelectasis/collapse (56%), pleural effusion (18%), pneumonia (15%), and pulmonary embolus (18%). These results prompted interventions designed to improve patient outcome. The most frequent interventions were modifications of ventilator therapy (52%), antibiotic therapy (28%), mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (15%), or bronchoscopy (15%). Diagnostic agreement between chest x-ray and CTPA was poor to moderate ( κ = 0.013-0.512). Conclusions Computed tomography pulmonary angiography is valuable in the evaluation of cardiopulmonary deterioration in critically ill traumatically injured patients. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography offers the ability to identify causes of acute physiologic changes not detected using standard chest x-ray. The results of these studies provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology and offer an opportunity to direct subsequent patient care.
Communication patterns and decision making among parents and health care providers in the neonatal intensive care unit: A case study

This case study illustrates salient issues in the communication and decision making of parents in a neonatal intensive care unit. The case provides descriptions that may be typical features of interaction between parents and professionals in a neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusions are drawn from this case with recommendations for practice.
Rethinking the Articulation Between Business and Technical Communication and Writing in the Disciplines: Useful Avenues for Teaching and Research

In a profound sense, the teaching of business and technical communication (BTC) is always already the teaching of writing in the disciplines (WID). Yet the WID dimension of BTC is often hard to see. The question this article addresses is, How might the North American tradition of BTC communication courses be more consciously—and effectively—articulated with the disciplines? The article reviews some of the research literature concerning the value of articulating BTC with WID in undergraduate education and program descriptions of such efforts to examine what BTC has done, is doing, and might do in the future to strengthen WID in BTC.
Rationale for increasing the starting dose of simvastatin

respective agents in high-risk, moderate-risk and low-risk patients were: atorvastatin 3, 1, 0; fluvastatin 6, 4, 1; lovastatin 5, 2, 0; pravastatin 6, 4, 1; and simvastatin 5, 2, 0. At a minimum, these data lead one to question the starting doses of all the statins in the high-risk patient and most starting doses in the moderate-risk patient. It is not surprising that with the resulting number of necessary dose titrations to achieve target LDL-C, we often do not achieve patient goals. As has been done with simvastatin, we should revisit the starting doses of all statins based on patient needs. If one chooses to ignore the aggressiveness and immediacy with which we should address this issue, citing the need for more data, perhaps the time has come for a randomised evaluation exploring the hypothesis of prompt aggressive treatment (versus delayed, subgoal treatment).
A proposal for genetically modifying the project of naturalizing phenomenology

In this paper, we examine Shaun Gallagher’s project of “naturalizing” phenomenology with the cognitive sciences: front-loaded phenomenology (FLP). While we think it is a productive proposal, we argue that Gallagher does not employ genetic phenomenological methods in his execution of FLP. We show that without such methods, FLP’s attempt to locate neurological correlates of conscious experience is not yet adequate. We demonstrate this by analyzing Gallagher’s critique of cognitive neuropsychologist Christopher Frith’s functional explanation of schizophrenic symptoms. In “constraining” Gallagher’s FLP program, we discuss what genetic phenomenological method is and why FLP ought to embrace it. We also indicate what types of structures a genetically modified FLP will consider, and how such an approach would affect the manner in which potential neurological correlates of conscious experience are conceptually understood and experimentally investigated.
Suprathreshold contrast perception as a function of spatial frequency.

Several studies have indicated that the exponent of the function relating perceived contrast to physical contrast is influenced by spatial frequency (e.g., Franzen & Berkley, 1975). This result has been called into question by other studies that have found the exponent to be unaffected by changes in spatial frequency (e.g., Gottesman, Rubin, & Legge, 1981). Possible artifactual reasons for the spatial frequency effect include failure to take into account range and stimulus repetition effects as well as contrast threshold differences. The present study examined the influence of spatial frequency on the relationship between perceived and physical contrast and controlled for these possible artifacts. Using a modulus-free version of magnitude estimation, judgments of perceived contrast were obtained from 7 observers at each of four spatial frequencies—.75, 4, 15, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd). When the data were fit with a threshold-corrected power function, an increase in the exponent of the perceived-contrast function was still observed at both low and high spatial frequencies, relative to a middle spatial frequency.
An Instrumental System for Simultaneous Measurement of Spatially Resolved Electron Number Densities in Plasmas

An instrumental system based on a two-dimensional detector to measure electron number densities in plasmas is described. High-resolution H spectra are detected simultaneously at up to 200 spatial locations. Radially resolved electron number densities are determined, following Abel inversion and comparison of H line profiles to theoretical Stark-broadened spectra. The particular interpolation procedure used to calculate H spectra from discrete literature data can affect the calculated electron number density values. Radially and vertically resolved electron number maps for inductively coupled plasmas supported in Fassel-type and low-flow torches are presented, Electron number densities in the center of the 1.0-kW ICPs are less than 2.5 × 1014 cm−3. Short-term precision is better than 1% relative standard deviation except low in the center of the plasma, where the H intensity is low on-axis and larger off-axis.
A parametric multinomial model for size selection in alternate-haul experiments

Abstract A parametric model for estimating mesh size selectivity is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation method of Skalski and Perez-Comas (1993). It is based on a multinomial likelihood for sampling from a mixture of discrete size classes, and assumes logistic curves to describe relative size selectivity. Analysis was illustrated for haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ), pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ) and petrale sole ( Eopsetta jordani ) caught in alternate-haul experiments. Results were contrasted with those from three other methods (Pope et al., 1975; Simpson, 1989; Millar, 1992). For the three examples, the performance of the multinomial method was statistically acceptable and similar to that of the Millar method. Possible sources of bias due to departures from the model assumptions are discussed.
Feasibility study of a low-cost feedback damping scheme for a micromachined capacitive microphone

This paper reviews the need for feedback to damp the resonance of a low-noise capacitive microphone, evaluates alternative feedback structures with different measurement mechanisms for their control effectiveness, and finally investigates the feasibility of a low-cost mechanism that uses the voltage across the capacitive sensor as the feedback variable. This capacitive sensing mechanism leads to a stiff system with weak controllability, indicated by the Hankel singular values of the small-signal microphone model. The outcome of an initial attempt in linear controller design for small signal operation is presented. The linear controller is verified through simulations in closed-loop with a nonlinear microphone model. The design is shown to have eliminated the resonant peak and extended the microphone's bandwidth. A second degree of freedom is introduced to robustify the achieved nominal performance level in the presence of uncertainties attributed to the micro-fabrication variability of the microphones.
Shared Medical Appointments for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Important Learning Communities.

The Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society (PENS) is committed to the development and advancement of nurses in the art and science of pediatric Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency state. The impact of the diagnosis on children, parents, and other family members can be overwhelming. Diabetes education is a labor-intensive process to empower parents, and eventually adolescents, to be primary care managers. Parenting a child with diabetes involves a delicate balance between ensuring that the child is medically safe and encouraging the child to assume a developmentally appropriate level of independence. At each stage of growth and development, children experience different challenges, and suboptimal glycemic control is often noted in the struggle to achieve a balance between carbohydrate intake, exercise and insulin requirements (Lowes et al., 2014). Adolescents generally have poorer glycemic control than other age groups. Effectively managing their diabetes and the impact on their daily activities requires knowledge, skills, and an appropriate attitude toward self-care (Graue, Wentzel-Larsen, Hanestad, & Sovik, 2005). In addition to monitoring blood glucose (BG) levels, counting carbohydrates, and adjusting insulin based on activities, adolescents must react appropriately to glucose levels and trends. Shifting away from the traditional visits and didactic education to an interactive practice provides psychosocial and behavioral support (Eisenstat, Ulman, Siegel, & Carlson, 2012) and is relevant to youth with other chronic disorders.
Enzyme-activated inhibition of bacterial D-amino acid transaminase by β-cyano-D-alanine

Summary β-Cyano-D-alanine is an efficient suicide substrate (K i = 10 μM) of D-amino acid transaminase. This apparent inactivation is temperature dependent; it is irreversible at 10 °C or below and becomes progressively reversible at higher temperatures. Since at higher temperatures the apparent reactivation process predominates over the inactivation reaction, the reactivation process is considered to be endothermic. The nature of this reversibility suggests the formation of a heat labile bond between the inhibitor molecule and a nucleophilic group on the enzyme.
On the use of ‘then’/‘after that’ in the marking of chronological order: insights from Vietnamese and Chinese learners of ESL

The complexities inherent to the acquisition of temporal reference have not been associated with the first formal means of representing time in L2 acquisition of temporal reference, namely temporal adverbials. But this study of the use of ‘then’/‘after that’ by Vietnamese and Chinese learners of ESL suggests that this temporal adverb poses as much of a learning challenge as morphological means of temporal reference. A distinct form to function mapping is evident in this learner's use of ‘then’/‘after that’, just as it is in interlanguage morphological marking of tense and aspect. The same asymmetry in the learning process is evident, with target-like form being acquired at a point at which the corresponding function is still not completely target-like. ‘Then’/‘after that’ marks chronological order for salient narrative events. This paper shows that this learner's usage is monitored by a looser notion of salience, which emerges from the transference of a salience-marking principle from a tense-free L1. It is suggested that since the tenseless L1 is clearly impacting not just the acquisition of English tense-aspect morphology, but rather the entire system of temporal reference, the teacher should not assume shared intuitions on the felicitous use of ‘so simple a word’ as then. Felicitous target usage of ‘then’/‘after that’ should be introduced as a subset of what the learner assumes to be acceptable. In this, negative evidence can be used to illustrate the more highly constrained nature of target usage.
The ground impulse generated by a plane fuel-air explosion with side relief☆

Abstract Detonations can be initiated in unconfined fuel-oxidizer clouds by blast waves of sufficient energy. The ground impulse generated by such detonations can cause considerable damage. An analytical theory is developed in the present paper, which makes it possible to predict this impulse, and experimental measurements which verify the theory are reported. A plane detonation wave propagating through a one-dimensional fuel-air cloud in contact with the ground and with the inert atmosphere at height h is considered. The wave is followed by an expansion wave which propagates from the inert gases into the combustion products, and an oblique shock is induced in the inert bounding the explosive. In computing the impulse only the region behind the detonation where the expansion is reflected from the ground is considered. The impulse per unit area is found to be the product of p 2 ( h C ) and a universal impulse function Us(ξ), where p2 is the pressure behind the detonation and C is the Chapman-Jouguet velocity, and ξ = x l is the dimensionless distance from the detonation. Experimental values of the pressure and impulse behind a plane wave were obtained using a plastic bag, 4 × 4 × 20 ft long, filled with a stoichiometric MAPP-air mixture. The detonation was initiated using an explosive initiator at one end of the bag. Pressure transducers placed on the ground plane along the center of the bags were used to determine the variation of the pressure and impulse per unit area with time. Theory and experiment were found to be in excellent agreement.
Role of Wood Extractives in Black Liquor Corrosiveness

Abstract In the pulp and paper industry, variability in the process and wood source may result in highly corrosive waste liquors, called black liquors, from the Kraft pulping process. Prior research has demonstrated corrosion rates of carbon steel in pulp mill equipment ranging from 2.54 mm/y, depending on the wood species pulped. In this study wood species-dependent corrosion is confirmed and age-dependent corrosion is investigated as a function of organic extractive content. The composition of the organic portion of black liquor depends largely on the wood species used. Organic components come from extractives in the wood chips or are generated from the degradation of lignin and other wood constituents during the pulping process. Depending upon the wood species used, some black liquor constituents have been identified to increase the corrosiveness of black liquors whereas others may act as corrosion inhibitors. Our research demonstrates the importance of operational parameters for wood sp...
Data Analysis with Computer Graphics: Production Functions

Computer graphics provide a valuable addition to existing statistical procedures. While the usefulness of computer graphics in obtaining information on data or estimated response functions has been discussed (Cady and Fuller; Debertin, Pagoulatos, Bradford), comparatively little work exists on the application of computer graphics to analysis of research data and the subsequent development of useful functional forms. This paper proposes that computer graphics can be used with the traditional statistical tests of "goodness of fit" to promote a better understanding of data and aid in the selection of functional form. When estimating functions, economic theory and a priori knowledge usually identify only general mathematical requirements which can be satisfied by numerous functional forms. Thus it is almost inevitable that estimated production functions contain some bias error. Cady and Laird demonstrate that misspecification by incorrect choice of functional form can be a major cause of bias error-the difference between the true model and the posited model over the area of interest. Measurement of the cost of bias error and its associated economic implications is of particular interest to economists. For example, Havlicek and Seagraves measured losses associated with suboptimal fertilizer rates resulting from misspecification. Computer graphics aid in analyzing and reducing bias error by providing direct insight into specific physical characteristics of data and functions.
Effects of post-exercise recovery in a cold environment on muscle glycogen, PGC-1α, and downstream transcription factors

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of post-exercise environmental cold exposure on muscle glycogen, PGC-1α, and downstream transcription factors. Methods Eight males cycled for 1 h and recovered in either 7 °C (cold) or 20 °C (room temp) environment for 4 h. Muscle biopsies were obtained pre, post, and 4 h post exercise for the analysis of muscle glycogen and mRNA. During recovery participants consumed 1.8 g kg −1 of body weight of an oral dextrose solution immediately following the post biopsy and 2 h into recovery. Blood samples were obtained post exercise and at 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, and 240 min post exercise for the analysis of serum glucose and insulin AUC. Results Oxygen uptake was lower during room temp than during cold recovery (0.40 ± 0.05 L x min −1 vs. 0.80 ± 0.12 L x min −1 ; p p = 0.025). PGC-1α gene expression was higher ( p = 0.029), but ERRα and NRF2 were lower ( p = 0.019 and p = 0.046, respectively) after recovery in the cold. There were no differences in NRF1 ( p = .173) or TFAM ( p = 0.694). Conclusions This investigation shows no effect of a cold recovery environment on glycogen re-synthesis but does demonstrate reduced ERRα and NRF2 mRNA despite elevations in PGC-1α mRNA when recovery post-exercise takes place in a cold environment.
The eclipse of NEPA as Environmental Policy

Previous evaluations of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) have focused on the effectiveness of its procedural requirements in improving the quality of decision making with respect to environmental matters. Subsequent growth of other environmental regulation and the changing role of Environmental Impact Statements in the decision-making process should also be considered. The many federal and state environmental laws passed in the 1970s have, by defining the nature and acceptability of environmental impact and prohibiting unacceptable impacts, superseded the substantive role of NEPA in environmental protection. Although the EIS continues to serve as a focus for public debate regarding proposed government actions, such debates usually center around social or economic rather than environmental issues. NEPA has thus been superseded by other environmental laws, and its role in the decision-making process today has little relation to its earlier environmental significance.
Gastrointestinal biodurability of engineered nanoparticles: Development of an in vitro assay

The toxicity of engineered nanoparticles is expected to depend in part on their stability in biological systems. To assess the biodurability of engineered nanomaterials in the human digestive system, we adapted an in vitro assay previously used to evaluate the bioaccessibility of metals in contaminated soils. The compositions of the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, temperature and residence times were designed to closely mimic conditions in the stomach and duodenum of the small intestine. We demonstrated the utility of the assay using CdSecore/ZnSshell quantum dots functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) thiol of two different molecular masses (PEG350 and PEG5000). Under gastric conditions, removal of the PEG ligand diminished the stability of PEG350-quantum dot suspensions, while PEG5000-quantum dots were severely degraded. Inclusion of the glycoprotein mucin, but not the digestive protein pepsin, in simulated gastric fluids provided both PEG350- and PEG5000-coated quantum dots partial protection from transformations induced by gastric conditions.
High-quality streamable free-viewpoint video

We present the first end-to-end solution to create high-quality free-viewpoint video encoded as a compact data stream. Our system records performances using a dense set of RGB and IR video cameras, generates dynamic textured surfaces, and compresses these to a streamable 3D video format. Four technical advances contribute to high fidelity and robustness: multimodal multi-view stereo fusing RGB, IR, and silhouette information; adaptive meshing guided by automatic detection of perceptually salient areas; mesh tracking to create temporally coherent subsequences; and encoding of tracked textured meshes as an MPEG video stream. Quantitative experiments demonstrate geometric accuracy, texture fidelity, and encoding efficiency. We release several datasets with calibrated inputs and processed results to foster future research.
A Comparison of Controller Designs for an Experimental Flexible Structure

This paper addresses control systems design and hardware testing for an experimental structure that displays the characteristics of a typical flexible spacecraft. The results of designing and implementing various control design methodologies are described. The merit of each design is based on its capacity for vibration suppression, its stability robustness characteristics with respect to unmodelled dynamics, and its ease of design and implementation. The design methodologies under investigation include Linear Quadratic Gaussian control, static and dynamic dissipative controls and H ? optimal control. Among the three controllers considered, it is shown, through computer simulation and laboratory experiments on the evolutionary structure, that the dynamic dissipative controller gave the best results in terms of vibration suppression and robustness with respect to modeling errors.
Learning Sexual Identity: Parents and Children in Northern Afghanistan

The urban milieu in northern Afghanistan, as in other areas of the Middle East, is marked by the public separation of the sexes and the wearing of the veil by women. The inculcation of appropriate identity in boys and girls and the development of “proper” behavior patterns are among the primary tasks of each household. The mechanisms of the process, particularly the influence of the mother on children of both sexes, are analyzed as are implications for adolescent behavior and marital relationships.
NetGen: synthesizing data-plane configurations for network policies

Networks are hard to maintain. When the physical network changes or when policies, most importantly security properties change, it is hard to change the network while maintaining all other existing policies. We study the problem of network change synthesis, where given a current network and a desired change for it expressed as a high-level policy, we automate the process of synthesizing changes in the data-plane configuration so that the policy is met. We develop a new language that allows the user to express desired reroutings and, given such a policy and a current network, we design a novel synthesis engine based on abstraction and constraint-solving that can find (minimal) changes to the current network that satisfies the policy. We report on a preliminary implementation of our technique that shows that we can effectively and efficiently synthesize changes in large networks.
Structure of Ribosomes of Chromatoid Bodies: Three-Dimensional Fourier Synthesis at Low Resolution

A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at an axial resolution of 75 angstroms of optical diffraction data from electron micrographs of stained sections of chromatoid bodies reveals the position of the large and small ribosomal subunits within these crystals of ribosomes.
High energy final bands in Cu

Abstract We probe final energy bands of Cu in the kinetic energy range 20 eV ⩽ E ⩽120 eV by angle resolved photoemission techniques. We observe deviations from free electron like behaviour in agreement with a LEED-type KKR calculation (Jepsen [5]). The lifetime broadening of the final bands at 60 eV kinetic energy is ∼5 eV (FWHM).
Parallel Timing Model Applied to Hadoop Applications on a Private Cloud

The purpose in conducting the research presented in this paper is to determine the applicability of a parallel scalability model to Apache Hadoop on a cloud computer. In doing this, the goal is to identify possible optimizations of map-reduce systems for more efficient computation. The results of the experiment indicate that Hadoop does not have the necessary features for it to be adaptable to the model, but that certain optimizations can be made nonetheless.
Vertical ground reaction forces of children during one- and two-leg rope jumping.

(2002). Vertical Ground Reaction Forces of Children during One- and Two-Leg Rope Jumping. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 445-449.
pH AND QUALITY OF HOME‐CANNED TOMATO‐VEGETABLE MIXTURES

Of 162 samples of home canned tomato-vegetable mixture collected from Washington and Idaho, 3% showed visible mold growth, 6% had a pH greater than 4.5, and 2.6% exceeded a pH of 4.7. Tomato-vegetable mixtures with a pH greater than 4.7 contained pasta products which was probably the reason for the high pH. It was determined that home canners of tomato-vegetable mixtures do not follow any recommended canning procedures, do not acidify tomato-vegetable mixtures and process by a boiling water bath. In a separate laboratory experiment, it was found that low acid vegetables could be added to low acid tomatoes (1 to 2 parts by wt) and the pH remain below 4.6. The cultivar of low acid tomato used in tomato-vegetable mixtures does influence pH and quality, but not to an extent to have practical value.
Measurement of Energy Flux Density Distribution in the Focus of an Arc Image Furnace

A calorimeter for mapping flux density in a focal volume is described. The design is based on an earlier design by Broido and Willoughby. It differs chiefly in two ways. First it is much smaller in order to permit its placement inside a test specimen chamber. Second the design provides for an aperture-containing shield which is placed in front of the receiving surface calorimeter in order to limit the area of beam which is intercepted. The decay constant is 2 × 10−3 sec−1. Flux densities ranging from 5 to 120 cal/cm2-sec can be conveniently measured over intercepted beam areas of from 0.03 to 0.2 cm2. With this calorimeter the flux-density distribution in the focal volume of a double ellipsoidal arc image furnace system was determined.
High-relaxivity gadolinium-modified high-density lipoproteins as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.

There is an ongoing desire to produce high-relaxivity, Gd-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. These may allow for lower doses to be used, which is especially important in view of the current safety concerns surrounding Gd in patients. Here we report the synthesis of a high-relaxivity MRI contrast agent, by incorporating Gd-chelating lipids that coordinate two water molecules into high-density lipoprotein (q = 2 HDL). We compared the properties of q = 2 HDL with those of an analogous HDL particle labeled with Gd-chelating lipids that coordinate only one water molecule (q = 1 HDL). We found that the q = 2 HDL possessed an elevated r1 of 41 mM−1 s−1 compared to 9 mM−1 s−1 for q = 1 HDL at 20 MHz, but the q = 2 HDL exhibited high R2* values at high fields, precluding imaging above 128 MHz. While carrying out this investigation we observed that enlarged, disrupted particles were formed when the synthesis was carried out above the lipid critical micelle concentration (cmc), indicating the im...
Effects of GABA and related agents on the electrical activity of hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus neurons in vitro.

Functional and neurochemical evidence suggests significant GABA participation in the basomedial hypothalamus. We have investigated electrophysiological effects of GABA using in vitro recording from hypothalamic tissue slices. Exogenous GABA inhibited 94 out of 121 ventromedial hypothalamic (VMN) neurons tested. In sixty-one percent of these GABA-responsive neurons, the inhibitory action of GABA was blocked by GABAA antagonists, bicuculline methiodide (BMI) and picrotoxin (PTX). Nevertheless, many (27/69) GABA-responsive neurons were not sensitive to GABAA blockers: BMI and PTX failed to antagonize inhibitory action of GABA. Most, if it not all, of these inhibitions can be accounted for by GABAB effects, since baclofen powerfully inhibited 42 of 44 neurons tested. In addition to blocking the inhibitory action of exogenous GABA, BMI (55%) and PTX (36%) also caused changes of neuronal activity indicating blockade of intrinsic GABA-ergic action. Altogether, our results showed that, in the VMN, GABA acts through not only GABAA but also GABAB receptors to inhibit neuronal activity, and that there is tonic inhibition by intrinsic GABA neurons. These GABA actions may participate in behaviorallyrelevant VMN hypothalamic mechanisms.
Structural Analysis of Human Apolipoprotein E3 by Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Coupled to Mass Spectrometry

Apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) is an important anti-atherogenic protein that helps maintain cholesterol levels in the brain and plasma. It is responsible for binding and cellular uptake of plasma lipoproteins via the low-density lipoprotein receptor family of proteins. It is a highly alpha-helical protein that can exist in lipid-free and lipid-bound states. ApoE3 is composed of two domains in lipid-free state: an N-terminal (NT) domain folded into a 4-helix bundle and a C-terminal (CT) domain that mediates apoE3 oligomerization via inter-molecular helix-helix interactions. The objective of this study is to understand the conformational organization of lipid-free apoE in its oligomeric state. We employed chemical-induced denaturation coupled to fluorescence spectroscopy of apoE bearing environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes monitoring different helices in the two domains, to obtain information regarding tertiary conformation. in a complementary approach, we also used hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to understand amide-backbone structural dynamics, solvent accessibility, and helical contours of apoE3. Fluorescence intensity and polarization studies indicate that the unfolding is likely initiated at the C-terminal end of the protein, the CT domain unfolds prior to NT domain, and that the NT domain forms a highly stable helix bundle. HDX/MS analysis revealed that the amide backbone of the NT domain underwent limited exchange, with the exception of the first 14 residues at the N-terminal end, and, those linking helices 2 and 3 (79-93), confirming the presence of a tight helix bundle. In contrast, the CT domain revealed significantly higher HDX rates. Our studies suggest that the two domains of apoE may undergo independent conformational reorganization, a concept that bears significant relevance in terms of apoE interaction with lipids and lipoproteins. NIH-HL096365 and TRDRP 17RT-0165.
Solution manifolds and submanifolds of parametrized equations and their discretization errors

The paper concerns solution manifolds of nonlinear parameterdependent equations (1)F(u, ?)=y0 involving a Fredholm operatorF between (infinite-dimensional) Banach spacesX=Z×? andY, and a finitedimensional parameter space ?. Differntial-geometric ideas are used to discuss the connection between augmented equations and certain onedimensional submanifolds produced by numerical path-tracing procedures. Then, for arbitrary (finite) dimension of ?, estimates of the error between the solution manifold of (1) and its discretizations are developed. These estimates are shown to be applicable to rather general nonlinear boundaryvalue problems for partial differential equations.
An improvement of Goldberg, Plotkin and Vaidya's maximal node-disjoint paths algorithm

Abstract Goldberg, Plotkin, and Vaidya recently developed a sublinear-time parallel algorithm for finding maximal node-disjoint paths [3] with the concurrent-read concurrent-write random access machine model (CRCW PRAM) [2] by balancing two approaches to the problem appropriately. We improve their results by finding a better balance factor. Our results are as follows: we can find maximal node-disjoint paths for undirected graphs in O(√ n log 2 n ) time with O( n + m ) processors improved from O(√ n log 3 n ) time with the same number of processors; for directed graphs in O(√ n log 5/2 n ) time with BFS ( n, m )processors improved from O(√ n log 3 n ) time with the same number of processors. Here BFS ( n, m ) denotes the maximum of n + m and the number of processors required to find a breadth-first search tree in O(log 2 n ) time for a directed graph with n vertices and m edges. As a consequence of our result, we show that a depth-first search tree in an undirected graph can be found in O(√ n log 5 n ) time with O( n + m ) processors.
Reassignment of residue 122 in the myoglobin from the killer whale, Orcinus orca

The complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from killer whale,Orcinus orca, was determined by automated Edman degradation. In this study residue 122 was found to be glutamic acid instead of glutamine as was originally reported (Castillo et al. 1977). This reassignment affects the phylogenetic relationship of killer whale myoglobin with the myoglobins from other closely related cetacean species and also affects studies concerned with the physical parameters of the protein.
On inverting circulant matrices

Abstract The elements of the inverse of a circulant matrix having only three non-zero elements in each row (located in cyclically adjacent columns) are derived analytically from the solution of a recurrence equation. Expressing any circulant as a product containing these three-element-type circulants then provides an algorithm for inverting circulants in general. Extension is also made to deriving generalized inverses of certain singular circulants.
Antioxidant Activities of Vitamin E Analogues in Water and a Kamlet−Taft β-Value for Water1

Rate constants for hydrogen atom abstraction from two water-soluble α-tocopherol (α-TOH, vitamin E) analogues by tert-butoxyl radicals have been measured at room temperature in four solvents, inclu...
How to Study Communication: Notes on a Method

Carey's call for a uniquely American form of cultural studies challenged the dominant paradigm of media effects research in the late 1970s. Even today, his work cannot be easily categorized. How then can we replicate his method in order to teach his way of doing scholarship? The discipline of communication has the potential to reveal how the structures of cities, of print, of voice, of digital media, as well as the structure of our ideas all privilege certain experiences over others. His configured style was a methodological choice that indicated by implication what had been relatively invisible within our discipline. What we can know through the progression of a linear argument and what one can discern through an emergent configural pattern will differ. These two approaches illustrate different ways of knowing. The challenge is to learn to recognize this crucial difference, as it relates to our choice of methodologies.
Edge-segment-based stereo analysis

This paper presents an approach for edge segment based stereo analysis. In this, linear features are derived independently from a pair of stereo images and are matched using a relaxation labeling technique. The matching process integrates two global stereo matching constraints, figural continuity and disparity continuity. The results of the experiments show that the method is capable of solving the correspondence problem with reasonable accuracy. This segment based stereo analysis will be utilized as a component of a hierarchical stereo system currently under development. It is believed that the hierarchical stereo approach will attempt to capture the unique strengths of primitives of differing levels of abstraction in a systematic manner.
Stimulation of Reproductive Tract of the Infantile Female Mouse by Anuran Anterior Pituitary Substance.

SummaryStimulation of the reproductive tracts of infantile female mice has been brought about by the administration of large amounts of fresh anterior pituitary from Rana Pipiens. It is believed that this is the first time precocious sexual maturity has been caused in the mammal by anuran pars anterior.
IR photochemistry: A unified approach for single-channel reactions. A simple approximate solution of the master equation

Abstract A birth and death master equation with simple solutions is used to approximate the complete solution of the full master equation for collisionless multiphoton decomposition. Limits of validity and methods for assigning the effective decomposing level are discussed, giving a simple solution of the full master equation.
Effect of thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing factor (TRF) on plasma TSH levels in nutria (Myocastor coypus).

Abstract Intrapituitary or intracarotid infusion of porcine thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) into coypu (nutria) failed to increase plasma thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Intravenous administration of TRF into thyroidectomized nutria resulted in an increase in plasma TSH, but the responses were inconsistent. The increase in plasma TSH after TRF was readily demonstrable when thyroidectomized nutria were pretreated with small doses of triiodothyronine. Low sensitivity of the nutria to exogenous TRF may be ascribed, in part, to the relatively low TSH levels in the anterior pituitary gland. These studies nevertheless indicate that TRF can increase plasma TSH levels in the nutria and extend to one more species the evidence of responsiveness to TRF.
Design considerations for mirrors at the Advanced Photon Source

Detailed ray-tracing studies and preliminary thermal analysis are presented for two mirrors that will be installed at the Advanced Photon Source. The first mirror is designed to accept white radiation from a bending magnet. This radiation is 5 mrad in the horizontal direction and 73 {mu}rad in the vertical. A 1.5 m long toroidal mirror is planned. The second mirror accepts radiation from an undulator. This radiation is 55 {mu}rad and 25 {mu}rad in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. A 70-cm toroidal mirror is planned. Both mirrors are optimized for 1:1 focusing in order to minimize optical aberrations. Design specifications are presented. Suitable materials for the mirror substrates and reflective surfaces are discussed as well.
Comparative Kinetic-Ionic Strength Study of Two Differently Charged Cytochromes C : Effects are Limited to Overall Charge

The reduction kinetics of two differently charged cytochromes c, horse cytochrome c and Rhodosprillum rubrum cytochrome c2, by ferrous EDTA2− were studied as a function of ionic strength. Since both proteins have nearly the same heme edge region, but have very different overall surface charge, this comparative study served as a direct test of the utility of small nonbinding non-physiological redox agents in the study of the charge of electron transfer sites of redox proteins. Calculations based on the ionic strength-kinetic data yielded protein charges of +10 and +2.3 for cytochrome c and cytochrome c2 respectively and compared well with values of +9 and +3 for the overall charge of the proteins based on acidic and basic amino acid residues. It is concluded that ionic strength effects upon the redox kinetics with such nonbinding nonphysiological redox agents reflect the influence of the overall protein charge and not the localized charge of the presumed site of electron transfer.
Does interstitial adenosine mediate acute hibernation of guinea pig myocardium

Objective: The aim was to test the role of interstitial adenosine in protective downregulation of myocardial energy demand during myocardial hibernation. Methods: Isolated working guinea pig hearts, perfused with glucose fortified Krebs-Henseleit, were subjected to 60 min global low flow ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. Left ventricular performance was assessed from heart rate-developed pressure product and pressure-volume work. Cytosolic energy level was indexed by creatine phosphate and ATP phosphorylation potentials measured in snap frozen myocardium. Lactate and purine nucleosides (adenosine, inosine) were measured in venous effluent. Results: When coronary flow was lowered by 80% for 60 min, heart rate-pressure product and pressure-volume work fell 87% and 75%, respectively, and stabilised at these low levels, but fully recovered when flow was restored. Myocardial ATP phosphorylation potential fell by 67% during the first 10 min of ischaemia, but subsequently recovered to preischaemic levels despite continuing ischaemia, indicating downregulation of myocardial energy demand. Lactate release increased about 10-fold during ischaemia and remained increased until reperfusion. Purine nucleoside release varied reciprocally with phosphorylation potential, peaking at 10 min of ischaemia, then gradually returning to the preischaemic level during the subsequent 50 min of ischaemia. The ecto 5′-nucleotidase inhibitor α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-diphosphonate (50 μM) decreased ischaemic purine nucleoside release by 41%, but did not attenuate postischaemic contractile recovery. The unspecific adenosine receptor antagonist 8- p -sulphophenyl theophylline (8-SPT, 20 μM) doubled ischaemic lactate release and lowered coronary venous purine nucleoside release by 21%. 8-SPT increased phosphorylation potential at 10 min ischaemia relative to untreated hearts, but blunted the subsequent rebound of phosphorylation potential. 8-SPT treatment during ischaemia resulted in a significantly higher cytosolic phosphorylation potential at 30 min of reperfusion, but did not affect postischaemic contractile function. Conclusions: We conclude that activation of adenosine receptors results in recovery of cytosolic energy level of moderately ischaemic working myocardium, but this energetic recovery is not solely responsible for postischaemic contractile recovery.
Estimating the number of motor units in a muscle.

Abstract A loss of motor units is the primary defect in many neurogenic disorders. The number of motor units remaining in a muscle or group of muscles can be estimated by a number of methods on either needle electromyography or as part of nerve-conduction studies. Comparison of the methods of motor unit number estimates (MUNE) and their underlying assumptions shows that each method can provide reliable and useful clinical information. Each method relies on obtaining an estimate of the average size of single motor units, and compares that size with the size of a maximal compound muscle action potential in which all motor units are activated. The potential errors of all the methods are similar and relate primarily to adequacy of sampling of the size of single motor units. The method of statistical estimates of MUNE does not attempt to isolate and measure individual motor unit potential sizes. Rather it estimates the size of single motor units from the variation in size of a muscle action potential when individual motor units in a group of motor units fire randomly.
The effect of adsorbed sulfur on surface segregation in a polycrystalline Pd70Cu30 alloy

Abstract Surface segregation in alloys can be influenced by the presence of adsorbed species. In this work, the effect of adsorbed sulfur on surface segregation in a Pd70Cu30 alloy was studied for sulfur coverages from zero through saturation and for temperatures from 400 to 1000 K. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the alloy composition in the near-surface region (∼7 atomic layers) and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) was used to probe the composition of the topmost atomic layer of the alloy. Surface segregation was observed to depend on both the presence of adsorbed sulfur and heat-treatment history. The near-surface region of the clean alloy was enriched in Pd relative to the bulk, but the topmost atomic layer was enriched in Cu. Adsorbed sulfur caused a reversal of the Cu enrichment of the topmost surface, resulting in a top layer that contained only Pd and S atoms. Segregation reversal may be driven by the formation of thermodynamically favored Pd–S bonds at the terminating surface of the alloy.