cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The DigitalHome Case Study Material

The paper discusses the content and use of a comprehensive case study called the DigitalHome (DH) system. The DH system involves the development of ldquosmart houserdquo technology by a national retail chain serving the needs of home owners. Thus far, DH artifacts, scenarios and exercises have been developed. Thus DH case study has been used in an introductory software engineering course and in a graduate course in software architecture.
Use of System Dynamics to Understand Long-Term Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Performance and Maintenance Cost

An increase in the vulnerability of the nation's roadway network to changes in climatic conditions has become an issue of significant concern. Heavy rainfall and high temperatures are examples of climatic factors that can affect pavement performance and conditions in a detrimental way. Some of these effects, specifically on costs associated with constructing and maintaining roads, may not be significant in the short term but may become significant in the long term. The objective of this study was to present a framework to use system dynamics to understand the long-term impact of climate change on pavement performance and maintenance activity. A system dynamics model was created with available pavement performance and climate change data, and the effects on various key factors, such as pavement life and maintenance cost, were evaluated through simulation. Preliminary results show that the long-term effects of changes in air temperature, rainfall, seawater-level rise, and number of hurricanes on pavement pe...
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Childhood Ependymoma

Purpose To determine the patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized intracranial ependymoma. Methods and Materials From 1994 to 2005, 22 children with pathologically proven, localized, intracranial ependymoma were treated with adjuvant IMRT. Of the patients, 12 (55%) had an infratentorial tumor and 14 (64%) had anaplastic histology. Five patients had a subtotal resection (STR), as evidenced by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical target volume encompassed the tumor bed and any residual disease plus margin (median dose 54 Gy). Median follow-up for surviving patients was 39.8 months. Results The 3-year overall survival rate was 87% ± 9%. The 3-year local control rate was 68% ± 12%. There were six local recurrences, all in the high-dose region of the treatment field. Median time to recurrence was 21.7 months. Of the 5 STR patients, 4 experienced recurrence and 3 died. Patients with a gross total resection had significantly better local control ( p = 0.024) and overall survival ( p = 0.008) than those with an STR. At last follow-up, no patient had developed visual loss, brain necrosis, myelitis, or a second malignancy. Conclusions Treatment with IMRT provides local control and survival rates comparable with those in historic publications using larger treatment volumes. All failures were within the high-dose region, suggesting that IMRT does not diminish local control. The degree of surgical resection was shown to be significant for local control and survival.
Discharge assimilation in a distributed flood forecasting model

Abstract. In the field of operational flood forecasting, uncertainties linked to hydrological forecast are often crucial. In this work, data assimilation techniques are employed to improve hydrological variable estimates coming from numerical simulations using all the available real-time water level measurements. The proposed assimilation scheme, a classical Kalman filter extension to non-linear systems, is applied in a rainfall-runoff distributed model based on the SCS-CN approach. The complex hydrological system of the Toce river basin is studied, a mountainous catchment of about 1500 km2 in the Italian alps, through the development of a prototype available for operational use. For the considered flood event, the assimilation scheme is stable, even when available observations show gaps or outliers. It allows significant improvements in the simulation results, in particular when the focus is addressed to the peak.
A novel deadlock avoidance algorithm and its hardware implementation

This paper proposes a novel Deadlock Avoidance Algorithm (DAA) and its hardware implementation, the Deadlock Avoidance Unit (DAU), as an Intellectual Property (IP) core that provides a mechanism for very fast and automatic deadlock avoidance in MultiProcessor System-on-a-Chip (MPSoC) with multiple (e.g., 10) processing elements and multiple (e.g., 40) resources. The DAU avoids deadlock by not allowing any grant or request that leads to a deadlock. In case of livelock, the DAU asks one of the processes involved in the livelock to release resource(s) so that the livelock can also be resolved. We simulated two realistic examples that can benefit from the DAU, and demonstrated that the DAU not only avoids deadlock in a few clock cycles but also achieves a 37% speed-up of application execution time over avoiding deadlock in software. Finally, the SoC area overhead due to the DAU is small, under 0.01% in our example.
Grazing Deferment Effects on Forage Diet Quality and Ewe Performance Following Summer Rangeland Fire

Abstract Complete rest or grazing deferment is a general recommendation to encourage vegetative recovery following fire in the western United States. However, effects of grazing deferments on animal performance have not been determined. Prescribed fires were individually applied to nine separate, 1.5-ha pastures each year (2006 and 2007) for a total of 18 pastures. Grazing was deferred until spring (16 May), early summer (19 June), or late summer (1 August) the growing season after fire. At the end of each deferment, a 70-d (2007) or 41-d (2008) grazing period was initiated. Stocking rates were consistent between treatments within year, but were adjusted between years to achieve the targeted residual biomass of approximately 300 kg · ha −1 . Diet quality was assessed approximately every 15 d throughout each grazing period (three pastures · period −1 ) via collection of rumen extrusa throughout the 2-yr study. Ewe body weight was measured on and off-test for each grazing period. Diet extrusa samples for in vitro organic matter disappearance was less ( P = 0.03) for late summer than early summer grazing periods and equal to the spring period (62.9, 64.6, and 61.0 ± 0.90%, respectively for spring, early summer, and late summer grazing periods). In vitro neutral detergent fiber disappearance decreased ( P = 0.01) by 10.6 percentage units from early grazing to late grazing period in 2007, whereas no differences were observed in 2008. Ewe average daily gain did not differ between spring and early summer grazing periods and were greater ( P = 0.03) than the negligible body weight gains of the late summer grazing period. Total gain was 10.9 kg · ha −1 greater in 2008, and a quadratic response was measured for grazing period in 2007. Results indicate that deferment until early summer may be preferable so that stocking rates can be more accurately determined and animal performance is not diminished.
PyDII: A python framework for computing equilibrium intrinsic point defect concentrations and extrinsic solute site preferences in intermetallic compounds ✩

a b s t r a c t Point defects play an important role in determining the structural stability and mechanical behavior of intermetallic compounds. To help quantitatively understand the point defect properties in these compounds, we developed PyDII, a Python program that performs thermodynamic calculations of equilibrium intrinsic point defect concentrations and extrinsic solute site preferences in intermetallics. The algorithm implemented in PyDII is built upon a dilute-solution thermodynamic formalism with a set of defect excitation energies calculated from first-principles density-functional theory methods. The analysis module in PyDII enables automated calculations of equilibrium intrinsic antisite and vacancy concentrations as a function of composition and temperature (over ranges where the dilute solution formalism is accurate) and the point defect concentration changes arising from addition of an extrinsic substitutional solute species. To demonstrate the applications of PyDII, we provide examples for intrinsic point defect concentrations in NiAl and Al3 V and site preferences for Ti, Mo and Fe solutes in NiAl.
Effects of estrogens and xenoestrogens on androgen production by Atlantic croaker testes in vitro: evidence for a nongenomic action mediated by an estrogen membrane receptor.

Abstract The short-term effects of estrogens and xenoestrogens on testicular androgen production were investigated in an in vitro incubation bioassay system using testicular tissue from the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Incubation of testicular tissue fragments with estradiol over the concentration range of 37 nM to 37 μM caused concentration-dependent decreases in gonadotropin-stimulated 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) production. The effect was specific for estrogens; progesterone, cortisol, and the synthetic androgen mibolerone did not significantly alter 11-KT production at similar concentrations. Diethylstilbestrol, the antiestrogen ICI 182,780, and several xenoestrogens including Kepone (chlordecone), 4-nonylphenol, and a hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolite also significantly decreased gonadotropin-stimulated 11-KT production. The action of estradiol was rapid (<5 min) and was not blocked by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, respecti...
IBD (Isolation by Distance): A Program for Analyses of Isolation by Distance

The genetic similarity among individuals or populations can be ascertained using a number of statistical techniques (reviewed by Bohonak 1999; Neigel 1997; Roderick 1996; Slatkin 1985). When populations can be defined a priori, one option is to analyze genetic ‘‘isolation by distance’’ (sensu Wright 1943) by plotting the genetic similarity (or distance) among population pairs as a function of the geographic distance between those pairs. Slatkin (1993) suggested the genetic distance M (1/FST 1)/4 as an appropriate similarity measure, although other approaches are possible (e.g., Epperson and Li 1996). Qualitative and statistical analyses of isolation by distance can reveal much about population genetic structure. The primary use for plots of (genetic) isolation by (geographic) distance is to assess whether more distant population pairs are more different genetically. However, these plots can also be used to test the validity of simpler models of population structure (e.g., island or hierarchical island models). Isolation by distance analyses may help separate the effects of population history from ongoing gene flow, and test the explanatory power of alternative dispersal pathways (Slatkin 1994). For example, one might assess whether the distance along a river or a topographic isocline is more biologically relevant than distance ‘‘as the crow flies.’’ The influence of geographic features or specific life-history traits on population differentiation can also be tested. Peterson and Denno (1998) contrasted isolation by distance slopes and intercepts in species with different dispersal abilities. IBD version 1.1 is a program written in C and compiled for Macintosh and Windows that can be used for analyses of isolation by distance. This program provides a number of unique features: isolation by distance slopes and intercepts are calculated using reduced major axis (RMA) regression, confidence intervals are generated based on several different assumptions regarding data structure, and statistical significance is determined using Mantel tests. The program is freely available at http:// www.bio.sdsu.edu/pub/andy/IBD.html.
Interactions between surfaces coated with solvophobic and solvophilic homopolymers

Using scaling theory, we investigate the interaction between two planar surfaces that are coated with both A and B homopolymers. The polymers are tethered by one end and grafted at relatively low densities. The B chains are chosen to be solvophobic, while the A polymers are solvophilic. Calculating the energy of interaction versus distance profile, we find that the curve shows a wide attractive region as the surfaces are compressed. The features of this profile can be tailored by varying the length and grafting densities of the different chains. Our results provide guidelines for controlling the interaction between polymer-coated colloidal particles.
Geophysical and geochemical anomaly in northeastern New York

Trapped concentrations of oil and natural gas in the earth will sometimes release vapors, whose presence and motion might be used to help infer where resources are located. Tests for carbon anomalies may be applied to search for hydrocarbons in the earth, and alterations in 222Rn in the earth can be used to locate regions of subsurface gas flow. In a recent report we have observed both such anomalies over the Cement, Oklahoma oil and gas fields (Fleischer and Turner, 1984). Because of this result, whose generality is not yet known, it is of interest to know where other similar carbon and gas‐flow anomalies exist. (We should note that extensive examples of carbon anomalies in the soil have been presented; many of these are referenced in Fleischer and Turner, 1984.) This short note describes one such geochemical anomaly that has been observed using three methods of mapping—one radiometric, one isotopic, and one chemical. Testing whether this anomaly is associated with hydrocarbons is a logical next step tha...
New Technologies for Human Cancer Imaging

Despite technical advances in many areas of diagnostic radiology, the detection and imaging of human cancer remains poor. A meaningful impact on cancer screening, staging, and treatment is unlikely to occur until the tumor-to-background ratio improves by three to four orders of magnitude (ie, 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold), which in turn will require proportional improvements in sensitivity and contrast agent targeting. This review analyzes the physics and chemistry of cancer imaging and highlights the fundamental principles underlying the detection of malignant cells within a background of normal cells. The use of various contrast agents and radiotracers for cancer imaging is reviewed, as are the current limitations of ultrasound, x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging. Innovative technologies are emerging that hold great promise for patients, such as positron emission mammography of the breast and spectroscopy-enhanced colonoscopy for cancer screening, hyperpolarization MRI and time-of-flight PET for staging, and ion beam-induced PET scanning and near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery for cancer treatment. This review explores these emerging technologies and considers their potential impact on clinical care. Finally, those cancers that are currently difficult to image and quantify, such as ovarian cancer and acute leukemia, are discussed.
Treatment of irradiated poststernotomy sternal nonunion with autologous stem cell-impregnated bone matrix and sternal plating.

Sternal wound complications are an infrequent but significant cause of postoperative morbidity for cardiothoracic surgical patients. Sternal nonunion occurs in fewer than 1% of patients after median sternotomy, but it represents a challenging clinical problem because it is often associated with chronic pain of debilitating magnitude. Affected patients are often treated with debridement and sternal rewiring, which requires reexploration of the mediastinum. We describe the case of a patient successfully treated with an autologous stem cell–seeded bone matrix and sternal plating for chronic manubrial nonunion in a postsurgical, irradiated sternum.
Imaging findings in pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma.

Background. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a tumor that is rare among children, causes clinically evident hormonal disturbances. Imaging methods are used to stage disease and to plan surgical resection.¶Objective. To describe the findings of the various imaging methods used to evaluate ACC.¶Materials and methods. We reviewed the records of ten consecutive patients (mean age, 8.1 years) who presented from 1987 to 1998 with ACC. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning; five underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; four underwent ultrasonography (US); and eight underwent radionuclide bone scans.¶Results. Seven patients presented with signs of hormonally functional tumors. Typical imaging findings consisted of a large, well-defined suprarenal tumor, containing calcifications (seven patients) with a thin capsule and central necrosis or hemorrhage (six patients). The inferior vena cava (IVC) was compressed by tumor in three patients, and ultrasonography demonstrated invasion of the IVC wall in one of these. Three patients' bone scans showed that the primary tumor took up radioactive tracer. Spread to lungs or liver or both was demonstrated in six patients.¶Conclusions. CT, US and MR imaging are effective methods of imaging the primary tumor. Chest CT and bone scintigraphy should be performed to detect metastases. The presence of a thin tumor capsule, a stellate central zone of necrosis, and evidence of hormonal function help distinguish ACC from neuroblastoma.
Distributed control system implementation for tetrahedral walker robots

This work describes the implementation of distributed, modularized control hardware for an 8-tetrahedron robot. This design sought to make each actuating strut on the tetrahedral robot an independent unit. This allows for easy reconfiguration of the robot and better realizes the conceptualized goals for tetrahedral robotics. Both the electronic hardware and embedded software used for this implementation will be covered in detail. The performance gains of this implementation as opposed to a centralized control model will also be discussed.
A Lateralized Deficit in Morphine Antinociception after Unilateral Inactivation of the Central Amygdala

The amygdala is a forebrain region that is receiving increasing attention as a modulator of pain sensation. The amygdala contributes to antinociception elicited by both psychological factors (e.g., fear) and exogenous opioid agonists. Unlike the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) or rostral ventromedial medulla, the amygdala is a pain-modulating region that has clear bilateral representation in the brain, making it possible to determine whether pain-modulating effects of this region are lateralized with respect to the peripheral origin of noxious stimulation. Unilateral inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) plus adjacent portions of the basolateral amygdaloid complex (with either the excitotoxin NMDA or the GABAA agonist muscimol) reduced the ability of morphine to suppress prolonged, formalin-induced pain derived from the hindpaw ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the inactivated region. This effect was evident regardless of the nociceptive scoring method used (weighted scores or flinch-frequency method) and was not accompanied by a concurrent reduction in morphine-induced hyperlocomotion. Unilateral lesions restricted to the basolateral amygdaloid complex (i.e., not including the Ce) did not reduce the ability of morphine to suppress formalin-induced pain derived from either hindpaw. The results constitute the first report of a lateralized deficit in opioid antinociception after unilateral inactivation of a specific brain area and show the first clear neuroanatomical dissociation between antinociceptive and motor effects of systemically administered morphine in the rat. The amygdala appears to modulate nociceptive signals entering the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn, probably through monosynaptic connections with ipsilateral portions of the PAG.
Periodic forcing, dynamics and control of underactuated spacecraft and underwater vehicles

In this paper we describe spacecraft and underwater vehicle dynamics with small-amplitude, periodically time-varying forcing. The dynamic descriptions are derived so that they can be used to prescribe forcing laws for controlling the motion of these systems when they are underactuated, i.e., when the number of force inputs is less than the dimension of the configuration space. The use of periodic force inputs is motivated by the demonstrated success of using periodic velocity inputs in the associated nonholonomic kinematic spacecraft and underwater vehicle motion control problems, e.g., controlling underactuated spacecraft driven with internal rotors and underwater vehicles at low Reynolds number. By now addressing dynamic as well as kinematic response, we provide results that are useful in many practical problems in which the system cannot be modelled as purely kinematic, e.g., controlling underactuated spacecraft driven with gas jets and underwater vehicles at high Reynolds number.
The description of rain by means of sequential raindrop-size distributions

The photoelectric raindrop-size spectrometer has made possible the resolution of drop-size spectra in natural rains to 1-min intervals of time. Characteristics of the drop-size spectra thus obtained and their time-sequences are discussed. Various factors affecting the development of raindrop-size distributions are discussed as they relate to the observed distributions. Qualitatively it is indicated that the outstanding observed characteristics of the drop-size distributions for moderate- to high-intensity rains are primarily attributable to wind-shear and gravity sorting at the onset of rain and to aerodynamic break-up and impact splashing of drops, and that predominance of the coalescence or of the Bergeron-Findeisen process of raindrop formation may be indicated by features of the ground-level drop-size distributions.
Towards Scaled Designing and Testing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Missions

Today’s UAVs are being tasked to fly missions in increasingly difficult environments. Buildings, trees and thin wires form challenging terrain for the UAV to negotiate. The current paradigm of UAV research typically moves from computer simulation and individual subsystem testing to full integration in the field. The reactions of control algorithms to realistic sensor data are difficult to capture in simulation and can result in costly crashes. This paper introduces a methodic approach to developing UAV missions. A scaled down urban environment provides a facility to perform testing and evaluation (T&E) on control algorithms before flight. A UAV platform and test site allow the tuned control algorithms to be verified and validated (V&V) in real world flights. The resulting design methodology reduces risk in the development of UAV missions.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Fabricating semiconductor nano/microwires and transfer printing ordered arrays of them onto plastic substrates

Ordered arrays of single-crystalline nano- and microwires of GaAs and InP with well-controlled lengths, widths, and cross-sectional shapes have been fabricated over large areas from high quality bulk wafers by the use of traditional photolithography and anisotropic, chemical wet etching. A printing technique using elastomeric stamps can transfer these wire arrays to plastic substrates, with excellent retention of order and crystallographic orientation of the wires. Electrical measurements on simple test structures demonstrate the high degree of mechanical flexibility of the resulting wire arrays on plastics. The combination of “top down” wire fabrication and “dry” transfer printing might represent an effective route to ultrahigh performance macroelectronic systems.
Effects of augmentative visual training on audio-motor mapping.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of augmentative visual feedback training on auditory–motor performance. Thirty-two healthy young participants used facial surface electromyography (sEMG) to control a human–machine interface (HMI) for which the output was vowel synthesis. An auditory-only (AO) group (n = 16) trained with auditory feedback alone and an auditory–visual (AV) group (n = 16) trained with auditory feedback and progressively-removed visual feedback. Subjects participated in three training sessions and one testing session over 3 days. During the testing session they were given novel targets to test auditory–motor generalization. We hypothesized that the auditory–visual group would perform better on the novel set of targets than the group that trained with auditory feedback only. Analysis of variance on the percentage of total targets reached indicated a significant interaction between group and session: individuals in the AV group performed significantly better than those in the AO group during early training sessions (while using visual feedback), but no difference was seen between the two groups during later sessions. Results suggest that augmentative visual feedback during training does not improve auditory–motor performance.
Molecular assembly on cylindrical surfaces

Abstract A molecule adsorbed on a metal surface carries an electric dipole moment, and diffuses on the surface. When a collection of identical molecules partially covers the surface, the dipole–dipole interactions, along with other thermodynamic forces, drive the molecules to aggregate into monolayer islands, in the shape of dots or stripes. The dipole–dipole interactions mediate through the electrostatic field in the space. If the space is shaped, the electrostatic field will be affected, and so will the molecular pattern. To illustrate this idea, we develop a model to evolve molecular pattern on the surface of a wire, or the inner surface of a tube. Molecules assemble into parallel rings on the wire, and parallel stripes on the internal surface of a tube. When the tube radius is comparable to, or smaller than, the island size, the stripes switch to the rings; occasionally, the stripes form spirals.
Transduction and utility of the granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor gene into monocytes and dendritic cells by adeno- associated virus

The genetic manipulation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) offers promise for stimulating the immune response, in particular for anticancer and antiviral protocols. As adeno-associated vir...
Key Issues in Workforce Planning and Adaptation Strategies for BIM Implementation in Construction Industry

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its implementation have been continuously reshaping the construction industry. Fundamental changes are taking place to address the dual challenges of BIM in technology utilization and business operation. The lack of competent BIM talent has been identified as a major obstacle in BIM transformation. However, there has been little published research on the impacts of BIM on future workforce and how companies can adapt to BIM-driven business transitions with appropriate workforce planning and talent acquisition. This paper discussed key issues in workforce planning and adaptation strategies for companies that are looking into BIM adoption. The paper reviewed and identified the unique skill set requirements of BIM and desired changes in current talent planning and acquisition practices. A preliminary Workforce Planning/Succession Model was proposed to facilitate industry adaptation to BIM at the company level. The model outlined the procedures that companies could follow to align workforce analysis with their strategic goals oriented to BIM business, identify competency and skill gaps in existing workforce, create and implement development plans, and monitor, assess and continuously improve workforce plans. A case study was performed to verify the model. Results of this research provide valuable insights into intellectual preparation in companies who are at the early stage of BIM adoption and implementation.
A Pilot Health Information Technology-Based Effort to Increase the Quality of Transitions From Skilled Nursing Facility to Home: Compelling Evidence of High Rate of Adverse Outcomes

Abstract Objectives Older adults are often transferred from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for post-acute care. Patients may be at risk for adverse outcomes after SNF discharges, but little research has focused on this period. Design Assessment of the feasibility of a transitional care intervention based on a combination of manual information transmission and health information technology to provide automated alert messages to primary care physicians and staff; pre-post analysis to assess potential impact. Setting A multispecialty group practice. Participants Adults aged 65 and older, discharged from SNFs to home; comparison group drawn from SNF discharges during the previous 1.5 years, matched on facility, patient age, and sex. Measurements For the pre-post analysis, we tracked rehospitalization within 30 days after discharge and adverse drug events within 45 days. Results The intervention was developed and implemented with manual transmission of information between 8 SNFs and the group practice followed by entry into the electronic health record. The process required a 5-day delay during which a large portion of the adverse events occurred. Over a 1-year period, automated alert messages were delivered to physicians and staff for the 313 eligible patients discharged from the 8 SNFs to home. We compared outcomes to those of individually matched discharges from the previous 1.5 years and found similar percentages with 30-day rehospitalizations (31% vs 30%, adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.80–1.4). Within the adverse drug event (ADE) study, 30% of the discharges during the intervention period and 30% of matched discharges had ADEs within 45 days. Conclusion Older adults discharged from SNFs are at high risk of adverse outcomes immediately following discharge. Simply providing alerts to outpatient physicians, especially if delivered multiple days after discharge, is unlikely to have any impact on reducing these rates.
Critical Binding of an Electron to a Rotationally Excited Dipolar System

Calculations are made of the minimum dipole moments necessary to bind an electron to a nonstationary finite electric dipole in a number of rotationally excited states. The critical moment for a given dipolar system is found to depend on the dipole length, the moment of inertia, and the rotational quantum state of the finite dipole. The properties of the dipolar system are discussed as to their implications for electron scattering by polar molecules.
Efficient trajectory extraction and parameter learning for data-driven crowd simulation

We present a trajectory extraction and behavior-learning algorithm for data-driven crowd simulation. Our formulation is based on incrementally learning pedestrian motion models and behaviors from crowd videos. We combine this learned crowd-simulation model with an online tracker based on particle filtering to compute accurate, smooth pedestrian trajectories. We refine this motion model using an optimization technique to estimate the agents' simulation parameters. We highlight the benefits of our approach for improved data-driven crowd simulation, including crowd replication from videos and merging the behavior of pedestrians from multiple videos. We highlight our algorithm's performance in various test scenarios containing tens of human-like agents.
Verhalten in Organisationen

Dieses Buch beschaftigt sich mit der Theorie formaler Organisationen. Es ist einfacher und vielleicht auch zweckmasiger, Beispiele formaler Organisationen anzufuhren, als den Terminus definieren zu wollen. Die „United States Steel Corporation“ ist eine formale Organisation; ebenso das Rote Kreuz, die Gemischtwarenhandlung um die Ecke und das New York State Highway Department. Die zuletzt genannte Organisation ist naturlich Teil einer groseren: der Bundesregierung des Staates New York. Fur unsere gegenwartigen Zwecke brauchen wir uns aber nicht um eine genaue Abgrenzung des Begriffes Organisation oder um eine genaue Unterscheidung zwischen einer „Organisation“ und einer „Nicht-Organisation“ zu bemuhen. Wir befassen uns hier mit empirischen Phanomenen, und die Welt ist nun einmal so beschaffen, das sie sich nicht exakt klassifizieren last.
Description of Sphecosoma pattiannae , new species, with comments on its novel male androconia (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae: Euchromiini)

A new species of the mimetic tiger moth genus Sphecosoma, S. pattiannae Simmons sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The presumed sister species, S. tarsalis (Walker), is redescribed with illustrations of the male and female genitalia. These two species bear a novel androconial structure, which is a dorsal pouch at the base of the genitalia; this structure is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic placement of S. tarsalis and S. pattiannae within Sphecosoma Butler is discussed, with male and female genital comparisons to S. cognatum (Walker).
Genetic gain from selection and potential for improving alfalfa phosphorus uptake and removal from soils heavily amended with poultry litter

Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) is increasingly adopted in the southeastern USA as a companion crop in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) pastures, where poultry litter is excessively used as source of N fertilizer. This research explores the extent of genetic variation in phosphorus (P) accumulation and uptake in alfalfa germplasm grown in a soil heavily amended with poultry waste, and the expected genetic gain from selection for P accumulation and uptake. Eighteen commercial and experimental populations of alfalfa were evaluated in a soil, heavily amended with chicken litter. The soil pH was 6.8 and Mehlich-1 P content was 1039.7 kg ha−1. Significant genetic variation was observed in P accumulation, forage yield, and P uptake and removal (p < 0.01). Harvest dates effect was significant (p < 0.01), but little interaction of genotypes x harvest date. Narrow sense heritability estimates based on family-means were 0.50 for P concentration, 0.25 for biomass yield, and 0.74 for P uptake. Genetic gain from selection for forage yield based on family means was much higher than that of selection based on individual pots (40 vs. 16 %). For P uptake, gain from selection was 7 % higher using selection based on family means compared to individual pot basis (46 vs. 53 %, respectively). The data suggests that it is possible to make reasonable progress in improving P uptake in alfalfa by selection methods that take advantage of the additive genetic variation such as family selection, whether selecting indirectly for high forage yield or concurrently for P concentration and yield.
Changes in Physiological Information of Tobacco Leaf Affected by Environmental Conditions during Growth and Maturing

単葉同化箱を用いた光合成速度, 蒸散量, 葉温および環境条件の連続計測システムを試作した.本システムによって成熟期タバコのかん水による土壌水分変化に対する反応を測定し以下の結果が得られた. (1) 土壌pF値が2.72の時点でかん水した場合, 90分後の光合成速度および蒸散量は増加し, 葉温は低下した.これに対して, 土壌pF値が2.41の時点でかん水した場合は, 振幅は大きいが, 90分後の値は, かん水前と大差なかった. (2) かん水後の光合成速度, 蒸散量および葉温の経時変化には, おのおの相関関係があったが, 土壌pF値とは一定の関係が認められなかった. (3) 気孔および葉面境界層の拡散抵抗の和は, かん水後いったん増大し, その後, 徐々に一定値に収束していった. (4) 単位飽差当りの蒸散量に対する光合成速度の比は, かん水後の過渡期においてもほぼ一定で, その値は0.043mb-1であった.
On the Tendency of Concordance of Cultural Humanism in Music Education of Teachers College in Yunnan

The disadvantage of strict department teaching of the modern music education in teachers colleges leads to the separation of the three in one: singing,playing and dancing.Yunnan is a hometown of multi nationalities "music",college music education should transfer the nationality cultural significance to melt the Yunnan native music "experience" with "the unity" teaching model in order to meet the multi demands of the art students and keep the stand of cultural humanism to make the abundant Yunnan music resources into possessing of both individual diversity and culture heritage to promote the principle creation and Yunnan native cultural nourish.
Risk factors for urethral injuries in men with traumatic pelvic fractures.

AbstractUrethral injuries are commonly associated with pelvic fractures. The prompt recognition and appropriate management of these injuries may significantly impact subsequent morbidity, yet few studies have addressed the identification of the risk factors for urethral injury in men with pelvic fractures. We reviewed retrospectively the records of 405 men with pelvic fractures seen at our medical center, including 21 (5 per cent) with urethral injuries. Of the 21 men 14 (67 per cent) had fractures involving a pubic ramus and a sacroiliac joint, and 12 (57 per cent) had no physical signs (blood at the urethral meatus, perineal hematoma or a high-riding prostate) that would suggest a urethral injury. The likelihood for the presence of physical signs is directly related to the interval since injury.We believe that men with the combination of rami fractures and sacroiliac disruption should undergo retrograde urethrograms before urethral instrumentation, and that physical signs are unreliable indications for ...
Signal-background interference for a singlet spin-0 digluon resonance at the LHC

Dijet mass distributions can be used to search for spin-0 resonances that couple to two gluons. I show that there is a substantial impact on such searches from the interference between the resonant signal and the continuum QCD background amplitudes. The signal dijet mass distribution is qualitatively modified by this interference, compared to the naive expectation from considering only the pure resonant contribution, even if the total width of the resonance is minimal and very small compared to the experimental dijet mass resolution. The impact becomes more drastic as the total width of the resonance increases. These considerations are illustrated using examples relevant to the 750 GeV diphoton excess recently observed at the LHC.
First Pass Success Without Hypoxemia Is Increased With the Use of Apneic Oxygenation During Rapid Sequence Intubation in the Emergency Department.

Objectives The objective was to determine the effect of apneic oxygenation (AP OX) on first pass success without hypoxemia (FPS-H) in adult patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the emergency department (ED). Methods Continuous quality improvement data were prospectively collected on all patients intubated in an academic ED from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2015. During this period the use of AP OX was introduced and encouraged for all patients undergoing RSI in the ED. Following each intubation, the operator completed a standardized data form that included information on patient, operator, and intubation characteristics. Adult patients 18 years of age or greater who underwent RSI in the ED by emergency medicine residents were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was FPS-H, which was defined as successful tracheal intubation on a single laryngoscope insertion without oxygen saturation falling below 90%. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of AP OX on FPS-H. Results During the 2-year study period, 635 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 380 (59.8%) had AP OX utilized and 255 (40.2%) had no AP OX utilized. In the AP OX cohort the FPS-H was 312/380 (82.1%) and in the no AP OX cohort the FPS-H was 176/255 (69.0%) (difference = 13.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2% to 19.9%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the use of AP OX was associated with an increased odds of FPS-H (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5 to 3.3). Conclusions The use of AP OX during the RSI of adult patients in the ED was associated with a significant increase in FPS-H. These results suggest that the use of AP OX has the potential to increase the safety of RSI in the ED by reducing the number of intubation attempts and the incidence of hypoxemia.
Grain Subdivision Fission Gas Swelling Model for UO2

Under high burnup UO2 fuel pellets can experience high burnup structure (HBS) at the rim also known as rim effect. The HBS is exceptionally porous with fine grain sizes. HBS increases the swelling further than it would have achieved at a larger grain size. A theoretical swelling model is used in conjunction with a grain subdivision simulation to calculate the swelling of UO2. In UO2 the nucleation sites are at vacancies and the bubbles are concentrated at grain boundaries. Vacancies are created due to irradiation and gas diffusion is dependent on vacancy migration. In addition to intragranular bubbles, there are intergranular bubbles at the grain boundaries. Over time as intragranular bubbles and gas atoms accumulate on the grain boundaries, the intergranular bubbles grow and cover the grain faces. Eventually they grow into voids and interconnect along the grain boundaries, which can lead to fission gas release when the interconnection reaches the surface. This is known as the saturation point. While the swelling model used does not originally incorporate a changing grain size, the simulation allows for more accurate swelling calculations by introducing a fractional HBS based on the temperature and burnup of the pellet. The fractional HBS is introduced with a varying grain size. Our simulations determine the level of swelling and saturation as a function of burnup by combining an independent model and simulation to obtain a more comprehensive model.
THE PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL LIVER CELL CANCER

SUMMARY Liver cell cancer can be induced in animals by a diverse group of chemicals. The majority of these require metabolic conversion to a reactive derivative in order to initiate carcinogenesis. Many different acute effects are induced in virtually every part of the liver cell and in every macromolecule, many of which appear to be reversible. One of the most striking effects is an inhibition of DNA synthesis or of cell proliferation. The liver cell cancers induced by many different chemical carcinogens are remarkably similar in the spectrum of their appearance and behaviour. Virtually every such carcinoma shows an immature arrangement of hepatocytes, with multiple cell-thick plates being common. Associated with this altered organization is the expression of foetal and other non-adult phenotypic properties. Although such deviations are common, no two carcinomas appear to show the same patterns, indicating the probability of each being unique. The liver shows the appearance of new cell populations during most of the time period between initiation and the appearance of liver cell cancer. These new hepatocyte populations show many common and distinctive structural and biochemical properties, even when induced by one of many different carcinogens. These populations also show an arrangement of hepatocytes different from that in mature liver. When early, such populations show differentiation or maturation to apparently normal-appearing liver. This maturation is absent or takes place much more slowly in late putative pre-malignant lesions. In addition to a variety of negative markers (decrease or loss of activity), the presumptive precursor populations show at least two positive markers - alpha-fetoprotein and pre-neoplastic (PN) antigen. A major problem in carcinogenesis is the growth of hepatocytes in a carcinogen-induced environment in which normal cell proliferation is inhibited. This and other data suggest that the altered new cell populations have acquired a resistance to the cytotoxic action of carcinogens and that this resistance may be a key characteristic in the selection of putative pre-neoplastic or pre-malignant hepatocytes. Consistent with this hypothesis are the findings of a large decrease in the activities of one or more of the constituents of the microsome monooxygenase or mixed function oxidase systems in pre-malignant hepatocytes. These observations lead to a working hypothesis of liver carcinogenesis in which mutation, altered differentiation and selective resistance to cytotoxicity each play a role as pathogenetic mechanisms in encouraging the cellular evolution to liver cell cancer.
Class Actions: A Court Divided

During the 2015-16 term the Court continued its recent, robust interest in class action litigation, granting review in four class action appeals. This article analyzes the Court’s decisions in Tyson Foods, Inc. v. Bouaphakeo, Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez, DIRECTV, Inc. v. Imbrugia, and Spokeo v. Robins. On balance, it was a relatively good year for the plaintiffs’ trial bar, which scored some significant victories in the class action arena. The Court’s majority endorsed the carefully crafted use of statistical methodologies in class litigation. In addition, the Court deflected the defense strategy of evading class litigation by picking off class representatives through settlement offers prior to class certification. However, a divided Court continued to fight over the enforceability of class action waivers in arbitration clauses. And, notably, the Court averted definitive resolution of the problem of the “no injury” class, deflecting this issue for ultimate resolution in some future case. And finally, it is worth noting that Justice Scalia’s vote would not have changed the outcome of any of the Court’s class action decisions this term. Nonetheless, with the end of the Scalia jurisprudential era, class counsel may now perhaps look to an even rosier future for class action litigation if a liberal Justice is added to the Court’s bench.
Stress Buffer or Identity Threat? Negative Media Portrayal, Public and Private Religious Involvement, and Mental Health in a National Sample of U.S. Adults:

Guided by the stress process tradition, complex links between religion and mental health have received growing attention from researchers. This study gauges individuals’ public and private religiosity, uses a novel measure of environmental stress—negative media portrayal of religion—and presents two divergent hypotheses: (1) religiosity as stress-exacerbating attachment to valued identities producing mental health vulnerability to threat and (2) religiosity as stress-buffering social psychological resource. To assess these hypotheses, we analyze three mental health outcomes (generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and general mental health problems) in national U.S. data from 2010 (N = 1,714). Our findings align with the stress-buffering perspective. Results show that individuals low in public and private religiosity tend to have worse mental health with greater negative media portrayal. High public or private religiosity tends to nullify the relationship between negative media portrayal and mental health.
Control Systems Possessing Reliability to Control Channel Outages

Abstract System reliability is an important design consideration whenever fault-tolerant operation must be maintained in the face of outages. Graceful degradation of a reliable system allows times for diagnosis fault isolation, control system restructuring, and continuous operation. A methodology for the design of reliable control systems using the H ∞ norm to measure performance is presented.
The State of the Art: Introduction to Spinning

This chapter gives a general introduction to the book and describes briefly the context for which the editors established its contents. The characteristics of polysaccharides during fiber processing and several technical challenges are presented alongside opportunities for processing polysaccharide fibers with desired properties. This book is not the first survey dealing with the interest of polysaccharides fibers or materials derived from renewable resources since several monographs have been published in recent years. The common denominator to many of these collective overviews is the biodegradable blends character of the ensuing material. We have attempted to gather in the present volume what we feel is a more comprehensive collection of monographs with the materials science elements as the predominant feature. Of course, the making blends based fiber issues remain essential here, but within the primary focus spelled out in the tittle.