cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motional dynamics of functional cytochrome c delivered by low pH fusion into the intermembrane space of intact mitochondria

We have investigated the motional dynamics of cytochrome c in the intact, functional rat liver mitochondrion. To do this, functional, FITC-cytochrome c (fluorescein isothiocyanate monoderivatized cytochrome c) was incorporated into the intermembrane space (IMS) of intact mitochondria through encapsulation of cytochrome c into asolectin liposomes followed by low pH-induced fusion of the liposomes with the outer membranes of the mitochondria. A cytochrome c controlled enrichment of between 15%-50% (1800-7200 molecules incorporated per mitochondrion) was obtained. All cytochrome c incorporated, regardless of the quantity, participated in the function of electron transport, indicative of a functional, independent random diffusant. Resonance energy transfer was determined from the IMS-entrapped functional FITC-cytochrome c to octadecylrhodamine B incorporated into the mitochondrial membranes. Resonance energy transfer from FITC-cytochrome c to octadecylrhodamine B in isolated inner or outer mitochondrial membranes (IMM and OMM, respectively) was also measured. We found substantial differences in the effects of ionic strength (I) on the proximity of cytochrome c to isolated IMM and OMM. Interactions with isolated IMM were very dynamic, i.e., very I-dependent, and cytochrome c binding to IMM was significant only at very low I. I-dependent interactions of cytochrome c with isolated OMM were less I-dependent than those for the IMM. However, FITC-cytochrome c was essentially released from IMM and OMM at physiological I. The proximity of FITC-cytochrome c to each mitochondrial membrane after its incorporation into the IMS of intact mitochondria in the condensed configuration was estimated at different external, bulk I using: (a) resonance energy transfer from IMS-entrapped FITC-cytochrome c to octadecylrhodamine B-label evenly distributed in both mitochondrial membranes; and (b) resonance energy transfer from IMS-entrapped FITC-cytochrome c to octadecylrhodamine B-label concentrated in the OMM. Resonance energy transfer showed that the average distance between cytochrome c and the two IMS-membrane surfaces increased with increasing IMS-I, approaching a maximal measurable distance of 85 A at 150 mM I. This result is consistent with a dissociation of FITC-cytochrome c and both membranes of intact mitochondria at physiological I, i.e., when the activity of cytochrome c in electron transport is highest. Our findings reveal a primarily three-dimensional diffusion mode for IMS-cytochrome c during its function in electron transport in intact mitochondria at physiological I, and offer further evidence that mitochondrial electron transport is a process driven by random collisions between its independently diffusing electron transferring, redox components.
Acute pancreatitis due to hereditary angioedema.

Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an infrequent disorder characterized by abnormalities in the levels and/or function of complement C1 esterase inhibitor. Clinical manifestations of HAE are due to recurrent episodic swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue. When swelling involves the gastrointestinal mucosa, patients may present with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe abdominal pain. However, HAE is almost never suspected as a potential cause of acute pancreatitis. Objective To describe a patient with HAE-associated pancreatitis requiring intensive medical care that responded favorably to conservative and supportive measures. Methods Various tests were performed, including abdominal imaging, measurement of pancreatic enzymes levels, liver function tests, measurement of complement levels, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Results The results of these tests confirmed the diagnosis of HAE-associated acute pancreatitis. No other obvious origin, such as gallstones or alcohol use, was identified. Conclusion This case illustrates the need for a high clinical suspicion of acute pancreatitis when caring for patients with HAE who present with abdominal symptoms. There continues to be an urgent need for better and additional therapeutic options for HAE patients, including those to prevent and abort ongoing attacks.
Oligomerization and phase separation in globular protein solutions

We have chemically crosslinked a globular protein, gamma IIIb-crystallin, to produce a system of well-defined oligomers: monomers, dimers, trimers and a mixture of higher n-mers. Gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, quasielastic light scattering spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were used to characterize the oligomers formed. The liquid-liquid phase separation boundaries of the various oligomers were measured. We find that at a given concentration the phase separation temperature strongly increases with the molecular weight of the oligomers. This phase behavior is very similar to previous findings for gamma II-crystallin, for which oxidation-induced oligomerization is accompanied by an increase in the phase separation temperature. These findings imply that for phase separation, the detailed changes of the surface properties of the proteins are less important than the purely steric effects of oligomerization.
Cooperative Learning Through Simulation of Regulated Markets

Teaching agricultural policy is challenging in that the operations of markets are complicated by government intervention. Many students need practical experience in formulating decision strategies in the presence of government programs to adequately understand consequences of government actions. This article shows how cooperative learning and simulation can effectively be combined in agricultural policy. With cooperative learning in small groups, complicated problems related to government intervention can be addressed. Economic simulation provides realistic problems for the small groups to consider. The approach helps students understand how abstract economic models can be used to improve economic decision-making in the presence of government regulations.
Goodbye and farewell: Siegel vs. Feyerabend∗

In his review (Inquiry 32 [1989], pp. 343–69) of Paul Feyerabend's Farewell to Reason, Harvey Siegel makes a fairly simple point: Feyerabend provides a bad argument for a good cause. In particular, Siegel maintains that the argument suffers, first, from self‐inflicted depreciation: having been rendered impotent by Feyerabend's views of objectivity and rationality, what claim to persuasion can his argument possibly hold? And second, the argument is said to be incoherent: instead of respecting and leaving alone diverse cultures and traditions as required by his views, Feyerabend fails to honor the right of people in several ways by formulating from afar abstract principles of cultural autonomy. Having debunked the argument, what remains is at least a semblance of agreement when Siegel identifies a shared concern with the value of cultural diversity on a world‐wide scale. In response to Siegel this paper argues: yes, in an important sense, Feyerabend's argument is admittedly impotent and admission of that is...
Infarct-associated bone sarcomas.

Sarcoma associated with bone infarct is a rare condition sparsely reported in the literature. Sixty percent of cases arise about the knee and most are malignant fibrous histiocytomas. We report 15 patients; 12 of 15 presented with a tumor around the knee. Treatment was limb salvage in seven patients, amputation in six, and biopsy alone in two. For patients without metastatic disease at presentation, the 2-year disease-free survival rate was 63% (seven of 11). Two patients received chemotherapy and both were continuously disease-free at last followup. When we combined our 15 patients with the 52 previously reported in the literature, 38 of the 67 (57%) died of their disease at an average of 19.2 months after diagnosis; 21 patients (31%) were continuously disease-free for 24 months. Of 13 patients who received chemotherapy, eight (62%) were continuously disease-free at 24 months compared with 24% (13 of 54) of those who did not receive chemotherapy. Overall, prognosis for these patients is poor, but survival in patients without metastatic disease at diagnosis approaches that of other bone sarcomas. There is a trend suggesting adjuvant chemotherapy combined with appropriate surgery may improve patient outcomes.
Analgesic effects of intraventricular and intrathecal injection of morphine and ketocyclazocine in the infant rat.

Little is known of the neural bases of analgesia in immature animals. This experiment examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intrathecal (i.t.) administration of morphine or ketocyclazocine in tests of antinociception in rats aged 3 to 14 days of age. Analgesia tests were conducted using both thermal and mechanical (pressure) noxious stimuli applied to the forepaw, hindpaw or tail. In the 3-day-old morphine-injected i.c.v. produced analgesia in the forepaws when either the mechanical or thermal noxious stimulus was used. There was no effect when the hindpaw or tail was tested. At 10 days of age, when the mechanical stimulus was used, morphine was analgesic in tests on all three appendages but was only effective in the forepaw when the thermal stimulus was used. Morphine was fully effective in all tests with both stimuli at 14 days of age. Ketocyclazocine had no consistent effect when given i.c.v. When injected i.t., morphine produced analgesia in the forepaws in the thermal test at 4 days of age and in all appendages by 10 days. When the mechanical test was used, morphine was effective in all appendages at all ages tested. Ketocyclazocine was analgesic at all appendages for the mechanical stimulus at all ages but was only transiently effective in the thermal test. The results demonstrate differential development of analgesia mediated at different levels of the neural axis and are consistent with the development of descending inhibitory that may mediate analgesia induced by i.c.v. injections of morphine. Neural mechanisms that are involved in the analgesic effects of these drugs against the two types of stimuli are also developmentally distinct.
Experimental and theoretical thermal analysis of a Hybrid Silicon Evanescent Laser

In this work we present both experimental and theoretical thermal analysis of an electrically pumped hybrid silicon evanescent laser. Measurements of an 850 μm long Fabry-Perot structure show an overall characteristic temperature of 51 °C, an above threshold characteristic temperature of 100 °C, and a thermal impedance of 41.8 °C/W. Finite element analysis of the laser structure predicts a thermal impedance of 43.5 °C/W, which is within 5% of the experimental results. Using the overall characteristic temperature, above threshold characteristic temperature, and the measured thermal impedance, the continuous wave output power vs. current from the laser is simulated and is in good agreement with experiment.
A Technique to Protect the Left Internal Thoracic Artery

The natural tendency of the harvested in-situ left internal thoracic artery is to assume a position near the anterior midline of the mediastinum, adjacent to the posterior sternal table. This repositioning of the left internal thoracic artery makes sternal reentry for redo myocardial revascularization (or other open cardiac procedures) hazardous. A technique of posterior and lateral repositioning of the mobilized in-situ left internal thoracic artery by creating a thymic flap and a pleuromediastinal groove is presented.
Role of GH and IGF-I in the regulation of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor and IGF binding protein gene expression in the rat spleen.

Abstract To characterize the expression of the IGF-I system in the spleen and its role in spleen growth, we have studied the effect of hypophysectomy and the action of either GH or IGF-I treatment on the expression of several components of the IGF system in the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were hypophysectomized (Hx) on postnatal day 50, and five animals each received twice-daily sc injections of saline, bovine GH (bGH; 84 μg/animal/day), or recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I; 125 μg/animal/day) for 11 days. Compared to sham-operated controls, Hx animals exhibited a reduction in both body ( 192.6 ± 5.6 g (mean ± S.E.M.) vs. 268.6 ± 6.0 g ; P ) and spleen weights ( 0.42 ± 0.03 g vs. 0.84 ± 0.06 g ; P ). The reduction in body and spleen weights in Hx animals was partially prevented by both bGH and rhIGF-I. Body weights were 234.2 ± 5.3 g ( P ) after bGH and 213.8 ± 6.3 g ( P ) after rhIGF-I. Spleen weights were 0.56 ± 0.048 after bGH P and 0.53 ± 0.05 g after rhIGF-I ( P ). Serum GH and IGF-I levels were markedly reduced in Hx animals and bGH partially maintained IGF-I levels. Hypophysectomy reduced spleen IGF-I mRNA levels ( 30.6 ± 7.5% of control values; P ) and this reduction was prevented by bGH ( 96.6 ± 24.2% ; NS) but not by rhIGF-I ( 39.9 ± 5.0% NS vs. Hx). There were no changes in GH receptor or IGF-I receptor mRNA levels in Hx or bGH or rhIGF-I-treated animals. When IGF-I binding protein (IGFBP) mRNA levels were studied under these conditions, we found that IGFBP-1 mRNA was not detected in spleen; IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were reduced in Hx rats ( 67.9 ± 7.4% of control values, P ) and bGH treatment prevented this reduction ( 95.5 ± 12.2% , NS). IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were not affected by hypophysectomy or by bGH treatment, but were reduced in rhIGF-treated rats ( 69.6 ± 3.0% , P ). On the other hand, IGFBP-4 mRNA levels were increased in Hx rats ( 136.4 ± 15.9% of control values, P ) and bGH treatment prevented this increase. These data demonstrate that several components of the IGF system are expressed in rat spleen and that following hypophysectomy, there is a reduction in spleen weight that correlates with a reduction in local IGF-I gene expression and, presumably, a reduction in IGF-I bioavailability due to a decrease in IGFBP-2 and an increase in IGFBP-4 gene expression.
Large deformation and electrochemistry of polyelectrolyte gels

Immersed in an ionic solution, a network of polyelectrolytes imbibes the solution and swells, resulting in a polyelectrolyte gel. The swelling is reversible, and the amount of swelling is regulated by ionic concentrations, mechanical forces, and electric potentials. This paper develops a field theory to couple large deformation and electrochemistry. A specific material model is described, including the effects of stretching the network, mixing the polymers with the solvent and ions, and polarizing the gel. We show that the notion of osmotic pressure in a gel has no experimental significance in general, but acquires a physical interpretation within the specific material model. The theory is used to analyze several phenomena: a gel swells freely in an ionic solution, a gel swells under a constraint of a substrate, electric double layer at the interface between the gel and the external solution, and swelling of a gel of a small size.
Silylation of poly-L-lysine hydrobromide to improve dissolution in apolar organic solvents

Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) was used to trimethylsilylate the hydrobromide salt of the synthetic polyamide poly-L-lysine (PLL-HBr) to improve its solubility in apolar organic solvents. The resulting trimethylsilylated derivative of PLL (PLL-SiMe 3 ) was found to be soluble in methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, and xylenes. The PLL-SiMe 3 was eventually used in the formation of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene via xylenes. Elemental analysis, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopic evidence supported highly efficient (81.7%) silylation for the BSA-treated PLL-SiMe 3 product. Spectral data also showed complete silylation at the carboxyl, N-terminal α-amine, and the e-amine groups. This chemistry provides solvent processing accessibility for PLL blends or grafting reactions not possible for the commercial hydrobromide salt of PLL.
Blood pressure lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes improves cardiovascular events including mortality, but more intensive lowering to systolic blood pressure less than 130 mm Hg is associated with further reduction in stroke and albuminuria without further reduction in cardiac events

Commentary on: Emdin CA, Rahimi K, Neal B, et al. Blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2015;313:603–15.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Hypertension and diabetes are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.1 Although lowering blood pressure (BP) reduces cardiovascular events,1 thresholds to initiate antihypertensive therapy and BP targets have been areas of controversy. Until recently, guideline recommendations for BP targets have been more stringent in patients with diabetes. Emdin and colleagues report information from a systematic review of 45 randomised trials. The trials included 104 586 participants with diabetes with higher or lower BP targets. They compared antihypertensive medications with placebo or two antihypertensive medications in this patient group. Outcomes assessed included macrovascular and microvascular outcomes. Overall, lowering systolic BP (SBP) by … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D313%26rft.spage%253D603%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2014.18574%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25668264%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.2014.18574&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=25668264&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F5%2F183.atom
EFFECT OF ENZYME INHIBITORS AND ACTIVATORS ON THE MULTIPLICATION OF TYPHUS RICKETTSIAE : I. PENICILLIN, PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID, SODIUM FLUORIDE, AND VITAMINS OF THE B GROUP

By injection into typhus-infected yolk sacs, a number of agents were tested for possible inhibition or acceleration of rickettsial growth. The previously reported rickettsiostatic activity of penicillin was further confirmed. Para-aminobenzoic acid, in single injections of 6.6 mg. and 3.3 mg. giving initial concentrations of approximately 1:6000 and 1:12,000 was found to have rickettsiostatic activity approximately equal to that of penicillin. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the possibility of a synergistic action of para-aminobenzoic acid and penicillin. Para-aminobenzoic acid neutralized with sodium hydroxide was found to be as effective as the acid itself, when given in single injections of 6.6 mg. Sodium benzoate, as Well as the ortho and meta forms of aminobenzoic acid were found to be ineffective when given in similar amounts. Para-aminobenzoic acid, when added to the food in a concentration of 3 per cent, was shown to have a remarkably effective chemotherapeutic action on murine typhus infection in mice. Sodium fluoride was found at times to accelerate the growth of rickettsiae in the yolk sac, and to cause heavy infection under conditions such that the controls showed practically no multiplication of the organism. When rickettsiostatic substances (penicillin and para-aminobenzoic acid) were combined with sodium fluoride, their rickettsiostatic activity was not demonstrably changed. Other agents studied and found not to affect rickettsial multiplication are listed. The possible mechanisms involved in the observed inhibition and stimulation of rickettsial growth under these conditions are discussed.
Endovascular Repair of a Chronic Aortocaval Fistula Using a Thoracic Aortic Endoprosthesis

Penetrating abdominal trauma with injury to the aorta and vena cava usually requires emergent intervention and is frequently lethal. Formation of a chronic aortocaval fistula (ACF) is an uncommon late complication of these injuries. We report a case of an ACF presenting 17 years after a gunshot wound to the abdomen, with progressive congestive heart failure as the presenting symptom. The ACF was successfully treated with an endoprosthesis designed for the thoracic aorta.
A Simulation of Partial Information Use in Decision Making: Implications for DSS Design

Information matrices are often the output produced by a decision support system. These matrices are a common method for expressing a decision situation under different decision-making scenarios. The decisions involved in designing a decision support system to generate the information matrix are important and involve several cost and benefit components. A designer needs guidance in making effective design decisions in this context. Such guidance can be provided by considering the relationships among specific design decisions, costs, and benefits. The general objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive framework for this purpose. This study is the first to develop and present a comprehensive cost-benefit framework for evaluating design decisions for a variety of scenarios. The specific objective of this research is to provide guidance regarding the number of available information dimensions to incorporate in a computer-based decision aid. Simulation experiments are conducted with a completely specified model based on the cost-benefit framework (including needed assumptions) to evaluate how many information dimensions to include for a specific information matrix size to achieve a balance between information use costs and decision quality. Based upon extensive simulation analyses for a hypothetical decision maker, the practical guideline found for designers is to include only the top half of the relevant information dimensions in any specific decision support system. Over a large number of repeating choice decisions, the savings in cognitive effort and information gathering costs clearly offset relatively minor losses in decision quality.
‘Subversive stories and hegemonic tales’ of child sexual abuse: from expert legal testimony to television talk shows

This article explores the cultural and legal contexts in which the construction of childhood sexual abuse has taken place over the past three decades in the United States. It also explores a theoretical debate that pits ‘logico-scientific’ accounts of reality against narrative accounts of reality. This debate is of central importance to the study of social and legal responses to childhood sexual abuse, which is categorised in this article as a problem of sexual and domestic violence from a feminist perspective. Some feminists argue that narratives may serve an empowering function in legal and other institutions by giving voice and legitimacy to survivors of sexual and domestic violence. Other feminists argue that narratives of domestic and sexual abuse that fail to identify the social systems of inequality associated with abuse may produce hyper-individualistic and depoliticising accounts of these problems. In this article, the author argues, with Ewick and Silbey, that it is possible to specify the kinds of narratives that contribute to political discourse and confrontation surrounding issues of childhood sexual abuse. The strategic use of social science and expert testimony in criminal and civil court cases, the construction and cultural significance of autobiographical narratives, and the proliferation of narratives in popular media that deal with child sexual abuse are all discussed. It is argued that autobiographical accounts of child sexual abuse, such as those of Dorothy Allison and Maya Angelou, internally illuminate the contexts of inequality which perpetuate abuse and shape the lives of survivors, while discourses in legal institutions and popular media tend to reproduce hegemonic constructions of women, children, and the problem of childhood sexual abuse.
Discipline of the catwalk: Gender, power and uncertainty in fashion modeling

The work of women's fashion modeling is a disciplining labor process in which female bodily capital is transformed into a cultural commodity. Based on participant observation of the New York modeling industry, this article examines how models are made into `looks'. Models are subject to intense surveillance, a discourse of infantilization, and uncertain judging criteria. This labor process typifies the politics of gender, in which women exercise power over themselves insofar as they internalize and pursue the glamour of their regime. Models are mobilized into looks by adhering to floating norms, a concept introduced to describe discipline under market constraints. Models undergo a disciplining process that is at once a response to the instabilities of gender and to the vagaries of cultural production markets. The institutionalized market context and the impossibility of idealized femininity together draw linkages between the uncertainties of gender and of markets, two spheres that intertwine in the produc...
Cathode Catalyst Layer Model for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

The flooded agglomerate model has found prolific usage in modeling the oxygen reduction reaction within the cathode catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The assumption made in this model is that the ionomer-coated carbon-platinum agglomerate is spherical in shape and that the spheres are non-overlapping. This assumption is convenient because the governing equations lend themselves to closed-form analytical solution when a spherical shape is assumed. In reality, micrographs of the catalyst layer show that the agglomerates are best represented by sets of overlapping spheres of unequal radii. In this article, the flooded agglomerate is generalized by considering overlapping spheres of unequal radii. As a first cut, only two overlapping spheres are considered. The governing reaction-diffusion equations are solved numerically using the unstructured finite-volume method. The volumetric current density is extracted for various parametric variations, and tabulated. This sub-grid-scale generalized flooded agglomerate model is first validated and finally coupled to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for predicting the performance of the PEMFC. Results show that when the agglomerates are small (< 200 nm equivalent radius), the effect of agglomerate shape on the overall PEMFC performance is insignificant. For large agglomerates, on the other hand, the effect of agglomerate shape was found to be critical, especially for high current densities for which the mass transport resistance within the agglomerate is strongly dependent on the shape of the agglomerate, and was found to correlate well with the surface-to-volume ratio of the agglomerate.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Interface crack between two shear deformable elastic layers

Abstract An improved method based on the first-order shear deformable plate theory is developed to calculate the energy release rate and stress intensity factor for a crack at the interface of a bi-layer structure. By modeling the uncracked region of the structure as two separate Reissner–Mindlin plates bonded perfectly along the interface, this method is able not only to take into account the shear deformation in the cracked region, but also to capture the shear deformation in the uncracked region of the structure. A closed form solution of energy release rate and mode decomposition at the interface crack is obtained for a general loading condition, and it indicates that the energy release rate and stress intensity factor are determined by two independent loading parameters. Compared to the approach based on the classical plate theory, the proposed method provides a more accurate prediction of energy release rate as well as mode decomposition. The computational procedures introduced are relatively straightforward, and the closed form solution can be used to predict crack growth along the layered structures.
The NIH BD2K center for big data in translational genomics.

The world’s genomics data will never be stored in a single repository – rather, it will be distributed among many sites in many countries. No one site will have enough data to explain genotype to phenotype relationships in rare diseases; therefore, sites must share data. To accomplish this, the genetics community must forge common standards and protocols to make sharing and computing data among many sites a seamless activity. Through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, we are pioneering the development of shared application programming interfaces (APIs) to connect the world’s genome repositories. In parallel, we are developing an open source software stack (ADAM) that uses these APIs. This combination will create a cohesive genome informatics ecosystem. Using containers, we are facilitating the deployment of this software in a diverse array of environments. Through benchmarking efforts and big data driver projects, we are ensuring ADAM’s performance and utility.
Microstructural Changes of Ice-Chilled and Cooked Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The microstructural changes in ice-chilled and cooked prawn, M. rosenbergii were studied with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The SEM study revealed muscle fibers in the control samples were wrapped in bundles by the endomysium and subsequently by the perimysium. During ice-chilling, degradation of these intact structures proceeded gradually. The TEM study showed the organized myofilaments of muscle fiber, presence of M line in the H Zone, and abundance of sarcoplasma in the controlled sample. During ice-chilling, the disappearance of sarcoplasma and the fine structure of myofilaments in the H Zone was clearly demonstrated. These findings supported previous observations of mushiness development and textural changes under similar conditions.
The Effect of Shared Mental Models on Consensus

Modern organizations are increasingly relying on teams to solve problems and make decisions. In order to effectively utilize teams, it is important to understand the conditions in which the team can function most efficiently. One of the conditions required to make team work successful is to ensure that there is consensus among the team members about the decisions made. Organizations consider consensus-based decision-making to be important because it has the potential to increase commitment and enable the successful execution of strategies. There are various factors that can have a bearing on consensus decision-making. This study focuses on one such factor that may influence team consensus - shared mental models. Specifically, this study explored if shared mental models had a positive relationship with the consensus decision making in groups. Results show that teams with higher shared mental models reached higher levels of consensus. In addition, it was discovered that perceptions of fairness in the decision-making process was the greatest contributor to difference between groups' shared mental model scores.
The Treatment Facility as Coalcoholic

An institution or group has a personality which is different from the individuals who make up the institution or group. An institution functions as a person. It is not just the total of its members. It is a distinct entity. The alcohol treatment facility has the capacity to interact with clients. The relationship can lead to alcoholic “game playing” between the institution and its clients. This can occur regardless of the administrative structure of the facility. The notion of the “game” adopted for this paper comes from Transactional Analysis. According to this theory, the potential game roles include: persecutor, rescuer, victim, patsy, and connection. The roles may be played by the institution as well as the clients. It can perpetuate the alcoholic behavior of the clients. Examples of this process come from clinical observation. Ultimately the potential for change of this situation rests with the self-awareness of the administration and treatment staff as a collective personality. The game can be ended...
Left ventricular aneurysm.

1. Beck CS. Operation for aneurysm of the heart. Ann Surg 1944; 120: 3-0. 2. Cooley DA, Collins HA, Morris GC, Chapman DW. Ventricular aneurysm after myocardial infarction. Surgical excision with use of temporary cardiopulmonary bypass. JAMA 1958; 167:557. 3. Cooley DA, Henly WS, Amad KH, Chapman DW. Ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction: results of surgical treatment. Ann Surg 1959;150:595-612. 4. Schlichter J, Hellerstein HK, Katz LN. Aneurysm of the heart: a correlative study of 102 proved cases. Medicine 1954;33:43-86.
Weather Classification Using Passive Acoustic Drifters

Abstract Weather observations are needed in remote oceanic regions to support numerical weather forecast models, to provide surface truth for satellite sensors, and to help understand global weather patterns. An acoustic mini-drifting buoy using no moving parts has been designed to meet operational naval demands for real-time monitoring of upper-ocean air–sea interface processes. This buoy is an air-deployable, standard sonobuoy-sized buoy that uses an Argos satellite link to transmit data to users. Interpretation of the ambient sound field allows classification of weather into five categories: wind, wind and drizzle, rain, high seas, and shipping contaminated. Quantitative estimates of wind speed are shown to be in agreement with the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager satellite sensor. Rainfall detection is confirmed and rainfall rate quantified using an acoustic rainfall-rate algorithm. Atmospheric pressure, air and sea temperature, and ambient sound levels are measured directly.
The Right to Privacy in the Age of Digital Technology

Despite efforts to make the digital persona more transparent, the right to privacy has not lost its salience. Consumers and others are at risk of serious harm when their privacy is lost. Privacy is often misconstrued and defined too broadly. Our contention is that privacy is best interpreted as a condition of restricted access where users have limited control over their personal information. While privacy is important, it is not an intrinsic good. Rather, it is an instrumental good, valued not for its own sake but for its pivotal role in preserving and promoting other goods such as security, intimate friendship, and freedom. Because of its status as an instrumental good, privacy should be considered as an individual right that is owed to a person in justice in certain situations. Privacy rights should be secured by law, especially when sensitive information is at stake. But whether information requires normative protection depends not only on the nature of that information but also on the context.
The Political Economy of Acid Rain

Over the past decade, acid rain has been transformed from a relatively unnoticed area of scientific inquiry into a major environmental issue of regional, national, and international concern. What is acid rain, why has it acquired such relatively sudden political prominence, and what are the prospects for the adoption of policies addressing this issue? These questions illustrate how the regional cleavages inherent in transboundary air pollution problems have fractured the political coalitions which supported earlier environmental legislation. Understanding the basis for that transformation, which requires information from the natural and physical sciences as well as insights into the economics and politics of the acid rain issue, is central to developing an appreciation of the constraints on policymaking for air quality management in the United States.
Case management and risk of nursing home admission for older adults in home care: results of the AgeD in HOme Care Study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between a case management approach and the risk of institutionalization in a large European population of frail, old people in home care. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Eleven European countries. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand two hundred ninety-two older adults receiving home care (mean age 82.3 +/- 7.3). MEASUREMENTS: Data on nursing home admission were collected every 6 months for 1 year. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred eighty-four (36%) persons received a home care program based on case management, and 2,108 (64%) received a traditional care approach (no case manager). During the 1-year follow-up, 81 of 1,184 clients (6.8%) in the case management group and 274 of 2,108 (13%) in the traditional care group were admitted to a nursing home (P <.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of nursing home admission was significantly lower for participants in the case management group than for those in a traditional care model (adjusted odds ratio=0.56, 95% confidence interval=0.43-0.63). CONCLUSION: Home care services based on a case management approach reduce risk of institutionalization and likely lower costs.
Sustainable Development for Public Administration: Effective Administrative System of the 21st Century Public Administration

Reinventing the government was big in the early 1980s; post media presentation that echoed how inefficient the government has been. Ever since, the government went through different reorganization processes through the application of different modern management theories, endorsed by the politicians, such as the Hawthorne theory, the Gantt Theory, Mintzberg Management Theory, Theory X and Y, and the Agency Theory – all promise efficient government. However, Ghoshal argued that all these modern management theories are bad theories and they have destroyed the good management practice of a public institution. They were implemented as a trial and error – one fails try another. As a result, the management system is destroyed. Its administrative system is broken. The organization is becoming dysfunctional and it causes a badly divided government. This damaged system makes it easy for theft, fraud, corruption, bribery, grafts, sabotage, espionage, and all kinds of illegal practices. At the same time, the change causes the used to be a professional public institution to become an amateur corporation that is individually managed, personally ruled, and undemocratic governance. This paper discusses the theoretical foundation of the bureaucracy and its analysis, and once this theory is applied in the administrative system of government, it shows how this damage can be remedied theoretically and applicably.
Retroviral-Mediated Gene Expression in Human Myelomonocytic Cells: A Comparison of Hematopoietic Cell Promoters to Viral Promoters

Gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells with expression targeted to the maturing myelomonocytic progeny has applications for gene therapy of genetic diseases affecting granulocytes and macrophages. We hypothesized that promoters of myeloid-specific genes that are upregulated with myelomonocytic differentiation would also upregulate expression of an exogenous gene in a retroviral vector. Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV)-based retroviral vectors using promoters from hematopoietic genes (CD11b, CD18, and CD34) were compared with vectors with viral promoters (MoMuLV long terminal repeat [LTR], cytomegalovirus [CMV], and simian virus 40 [SV40]). Human glucocerebrosidase (GC) cDNA was the reporter gene. HL60 cells were transduced with these vectors and vector-derived GC activity was compared in undifferentiated HL-60 cells and the same cells differentiated into granulocytes using dimethyl sulfoxide or monocyte/macrophages using phorbol myristate acetate. In undifferentiated HL-60 cells, vector-derived GC activity was the highest when it was controlled by the MoMuLV LTR. In HL-60 cells differentiated into granulocytes, vector-derived GC activity transcribed from the CD11b, MoMuLV LTR, and CMV promoters was equivalent to 1.7, 1.5, and 1.5 times the normal endogenous GC activity, respectively, and 0.8, 2.0, and 3.6 times the normal GC activity, respectively, in those differentiated into macrophages. With granulocytic differentiation, the CD11b promoter showed maximal induction in GC activity (8-fold); with macrophage differentiation, the CD11b promoter showed a fourfold induction in GC expression. The CD11b promoter also generated significant levels of GC activity in the myelomonocytic progeny of transduced CD34+ cells. Expression from the CD11b promoter, unlike that from the CMV or the MoMuLV LTR promoters, was relatively myelomonocyte-specific, with minimal expression observed in Jurkat T cells or HeLa carcinoma cells. The induction of expression from the CD11b promoter with differentiation in HL-60 cells correlates with the developmental regulation of the CD11b gene. Retroviral vectors using the CD11b promoter have potential utility for gene therapy of disorders affecting the myelomonocytic lineage.
Antisemitism: Different Perspectives

Antisemitism in America Today: Outspoken Experts Explode the Myths. Jerome R. Chanes, ed. New York: Birch Lane, 1995. Anti-Semitic Stereotypes: A Paradigm of Otherness in English Popular Culture, 1660-1830. Frank Felsenstein. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995 Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Daniel Goldhagen. New York: Knopf, 1996. T. S. Eliot: Antisemitism and Literary Form. Anthony Julius. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Antisemitism Without Jews: Communist Eastern Europe. Paul Lendvai. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. The Anatomy of Prejudices. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Clinical Utility of On-Demand Multiplex Respiratory Pathogen Testing among Adult Outpatients

Multiplex tests for respiratory tract infections include up to 20 targets for common pathogens, predominantly viruses. A specific therapeutic intervention is available for individuals testing positive for influenza viruses (oseltamivir), and it is potentially beneficial to identify non-influenza viruses to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use. We evaluated antimicrobial prescriptions following respiratory pathogen testing among outpatients at a large Veterans Administration (VA) medical center. Results of the FilmArray respiratory panel (BioFire, Salt Lake City, UT) from 15 December 2014 to 15 April 2015 were evaluated among 408 outpatients, and patient medical records were reviewed. Differences in antibiotic and oseltamivir prescription rates were analyzed. Among 408 patients tested in outpatient centers (emergency departments, urgent care clinics, and outpatient clinics), 295 (72.3%) were managed as outpatients. Among these 295 outpatients, 105 (35.6%) tested positive for influenza virus, 109 (36.9%) tested positive for a non-influenza virus pathogen, and 81 (27.5%) had no respiratory pathogen detected. Rates of oseltamivir and antibiotic prescriptions were significantly different among the three test groups (chi-squared values of 167.6 [P < 0.0001] and 10.48 [P = 0.005], respectively), but there was no significant difference in antibiotic prescription rates between the non-influenza virus pathogen group and those who tested negative (chi-square value, 0; P = 1.0). Among adult outpatients, testing positive for influenza virus was associated with receiving fewer antibiotic prescriptions, but no such effect was seen for those who tested positive for a non-influenza virus. These data suggest that testing for influenza viruses alone may be sufficient and more cost-effective than multiplex pathogen testing for outpatients.
Development and validation of the anthropogenic climate change dissenter inventory

Individuals are exposed to misleading or outright false anthropogenic climate change (ACC) information. The goals of this study are to identify ACC dissenter messages, and to develop an instrument ...
End Tax Subsidy from Abandonments and Swaps

In this article, Johnson argues that current law, in providing ordinary loss treatment for capital assets, allows tax planners to exploit rate and timing asymmetries to get a negative tax, or subsidy, for investment bets that lack special social merit. He proposes that Congress eliminate that off-budget subsidy by amending the statutory definition of capital loss to include losses from the disposition or modification of a capital asset. Losses from swaps would also be treated as capital losses. The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration of tax professionals to develop methods for raising revenue in ways that improve the fairness and efficiency of the tax base. Shelf Project proposals are the best way to raise revenue when Congress is ready to do so. Shelf Project proposals imitate committee reports in describing current law, discussing the reasons for change, and explaining the proposal.
Marxism, China and Development: Reflections on Theory and Reality

(1996). Marxism, China and Development: Reflections on Theory and Reality. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 893-895.
A Note on One-way and Two-way Automata

The purpose of this note is to show that there exist non-regular languages whose memory requirements for recognition by one-way and two-way automata differ by a double exponential and that this difference cannot be exceeded.
Chasing the Dragon: A Review of Toxic Leukoencephalopathy:

The report begins with the case of an 18-year-old male who presented to a community hospital with difficulty walking and speaking. His illicit drug use history included smoking heroin. After admiss...
Mentoring at-risk middle school students to reduce communication apprehension

AbstractResearch has demonstrated the efficacy of mentoring at-risk students in a number of fields from physical education to math and science. While separate research has found that many at-risk students lack effective communication skills, little research has explored the potential of communication mentoring in improving at-risk students’ communication efficacy. In our study, we examined the effectiveness of communication majors in a senior capstone course mentoring at-risk middle school students. Mentors were assigned a protege and were required to design a curriculum targeting specific communication apprehension concerns identified in each student and implement the curriculum over a 10-week period. Analysis of self-reported communication apprehension scores showed at-risk students prior to mentoring reported higher than average levels of communication apprehension. After mentoring, they reported statistically significantly lower levels of communication apprehension. The implications for mentoring, at-...
An Economic Analysis of a Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Study in Children.

Background Peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) decreases the probability of accidental recurrent systemic reactions but reactions from the therapy itself are frequent. Objective The purpose of this economic analysis was to characterize the potential cost-effectiveness of POIT. Methods Cohort simulations were used to evaluate the effect of POIT for children with peanut allergy. A POIT with probiotic was used in the base-case simulation and long-term survival was modeled using age-adjusted mortality together with the risk of food allergy–associated mortality. Results The incremental POIT cost-effectiveness ratio was $2142 per quality-adjusted life-year. A mean number of 12.3 (95% CI, 12.0-12.5) and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9-2.1) allergic reactions occurred in the POIT and avoidance groups over 20 years of simulation, with 2.3 (95% CI, 2.2-2.3) episodes of anaphylaxis treated with intramuscular epinephrine per subject in the POIT group and 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0-1.2) episodes per subject in the avoidance group. In sensitivity analyses, POIT was associated with lower rates of anaphylaxis than strict avoidance when the annual rate of accidental allergic reactions in the peanut avoidance group exceeded 25%, the annual rate of anaphylaxis in the POIT group dropped below 6%, or the probability of sustained unresponsiveness after 4 years of POIT was 68% or greater. Conclusions POIT may be cost-effective in a long-term economic model. However, treated patients may experience a greater rate of peanut-associated allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. The analysis was sensitive to rates of accidental allergic reactions, therapy-associated adverse events, and likelihood of therapy-induced tolerance.