cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The presence and consequences of precipitatefree zones in an aluminium-copper-lithium alloy

The addition of lithium to aluminium alloys has the potential for providing a class of high-strength alloys with exceptional properties suitable for aerospace applications. Potential candidates are precipitation hardenable and belong to the Al-Li-Cu family. The intrinsic microstructural features have a pronounced influence on the mechanical response of these alloys. In this work, the mechanisms responsible for the formation of precipitate-free zones along grain boundaries in precipitation-strengthened lithium-containing aluminium alloys were examined. The influence of grain morphology and the nature and type of precipitate coverage at the grain boundary in controlling the formation of these zones was analysed. The presence and influence of these zones along the grain boundaries on mechanical properties was studied for an Al-4.5Cu-1.21 Li alloy. It was found that while strength is comparable with existing high-strength alloys, the ductility decreases due to the presence of precipitate-free zones. The degradation in ductility is attributed to the particular mode of plastic deformation of this alloy, and to the restriction of plastic deformation in narrow planar zones along the grain boundaries. Fracture occurs when a critical local strain is reached in these zones. The overall consequences of precipitate-free zones along grain boundaries on mechanical properties are discussed in the light of competing effects involving the nature of matrix-strengthening precipitates, grain-boundary particles and deformation characteristics.
Ulapualides C–E Isolated from a Hawaiian Hexabranchus sanguineus Egg Mass

Three new ulapualides (3-5) were isolated from egg masses of the nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus. The structures of 3-5 were deduced by analyses of physical and spectroscopic data in comparisons with ulapualides A (1) and B (2). Ulapualide C demonstrated submicromolar cytotoxicity against select NCI cell lines (768-0, DU-145, MDA-MB-231, and A549) with the most potent activity against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 0.58 μM). Ulapualides A (1) and B (2) were 2- to 4-fold more potent than 3.
Thoth in action: memory management in modern data analytics

Allocation and usage of memory in modern data-processing platforms is based on an interplay of algorithms at multiple levels: (i) at the resource-management level across containers allocated by resource managers like Mesos and Yarn, (ii) at the container level among the OS and processes such as the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), (iii) at the framework level for caching, aggregation, data shuffles, and application data structures, and (iv) at the JVM level across various pools such as the Young and Old Generation as well as the heap versus off-heap. We use Thoth, a data-driven platform for multi-system cluster management, to build a deep understanding of different interplays in memory management options. Through multiple memory management apps built in Thoth, we demonstrate how Thoth can deal with multiple levels of memory management as well as multi-tenant nature of clusters.
Longevity after radiotherapy of stage III lung cancer: superior vena cava obstruction is associated with early mortality.

Background: People with locally advanced lung cancer have a poor prognosis. Physicians are unable to accurately predict life expectancy of patients. The aims of this retrospective study were to identify the life spans of individuals after radiotherapy of stage III carcinoma of the lung and to determine whether potential prognostic factors could identify people with distinct life spans. Methods: Between September 1981 and August 2010, 133 consecutive individuals underwent definitive or palliative radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) for stage IIIA/IIIB disease. Analysis of the survival data revealed that 14 patients experienced long-term survival, exceeding 36 months; 94 patients had a short-term life span (STLS), extending between 4 and 36 months, and 25 patients were in the end-of-life (EOL) period, referring to the last 3 months of life. Recognized pre-treatment clinicopathological features were tested for their impact on prognosis. Results: The largest proportion of patients presenting with superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) (P Conclusions: Our study showed that a particular disease characteristic, health insurance status and provision of contemporary therapy can influence individual longevity. Selection and prioritization of health care resources remain important; therefore, identification of influential prognostic factors in lung cancer patients deserves further scrutiny.
Post-cardioversion ST-segment elevation: a case-based review of the pathophysiology

A 69-year-old woman with mitral regurgitation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) was referred to the electrophysiology laboratory for transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) and synchronized direct current cardioversion (DCCV). She was anticoagulated with warfarin for a CHADS2-Vasc score of 4. The remainder of her medication regimen included amiodarone, insulin, and atorvastatin. A recent coronary angiogram revealed no significant coronary artery disease. Baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed AF, at a ventricular rate of 100 beats per minute, left axis deviation, and non-specific T-wave abnormalities ( Figure 1 ). Cardioversion pads were placed in the anterior-posterior position. The TEE revealed normal function, mitral regurgitation, left atrial enlargement, and reduced left atrial appendage emptying velocity. There was no evidence of thrombus present. The patient then underwent DCCV with delivery of a single 200 joule biphasic shock.
Treatment of food selectivity in a child with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder through parent teleconsultation

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a diagnosis for those who display impaired and distressing eating behaviors and symptoms. Behavioral feeding strategies have been shown to be effective at improving food variety and decrease problematic mealtime behaviors in children and adolescents. This study examined the use of teleconsultation for the implementation of a behavioral feeding intervention to increase food variety with a child with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. A series of changing criterion designs across foods and food groups was used. Results show that there was an increase in the frequency of bites of nonpreferred foods consumed following successive increases in the criteria. High levels of acceptability of the intervention and technology process were also noted. Additionally, high levels of interobserver agreement, high levels of consultant procedural integrity, and high levels of parent treatment integrity were observed.
Revitalizing Profiles of Runaways: A Latent Class Analysis of Delinquent Runaway Youth

Many runaway youth experience an overabundance of negative life events before, during, and after running away from caregivers. In order to better understand, prevent, and treat adolescent runaways based upon the unique experiences they endure, researchers have created typologies of runaway youth. Building on previous research, this study developed a statistical typology of runaway youth offenders using a sample of 29,204 runaway youth referred to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Based upon key predictors and features of adolescent runaways including abuse, trauma, antisocial peers, delinquency, mental illness, school problems, and more, a series of latent class analysis models indicate that five sub-types of runaways exist within three larger behavioral/feature domains. These results suggest that runaways are a heterogeneous group with highly unique experiences and risk factors that occur before and after the runaway experience. In addition, grouping of runaways based solely upon motivation, individual characteristics, victimization, or offending is too narrow of a perspective.
Can Mental Health Parity Help Address the Mental/Behavioral Gap in Child Health?

Children and youth face major gaps in access to mental and behavioral health services. Rates of identification of mental health conditions in the pediatric population continue to lag well behind what we know about the prevalence of these conditions. In addition, most children and youth with identified disorders do not get adequate treatment. Conservative figures place prevalence of diagnosable mental health conditions as at least 20% of the pediatric population, rising with older age. Increasing stress on families also leads to more needs for prevention and mental health promotion. And the separation between mental and physical health ignores much evidence of the substantially higher rates of mental and behavioral health conditions among children and youth with physical health conditions (2–3 times the rates found among pediatric patients without physical health conditions).1,2 Some access problems reflect major limitations in the mental health workforce (far too few child psychiatrists, psychologists, developmental-behavioral pediatricians, and other mental health professionals). Workforce limitations in turn reflect the weak financial base for children’s mental health services, providing relatively few incentives for young people to enter the children’s mental … Address correspondence to James M. Perrin, MD, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua St, #860, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: jperrin{at}mgh.harvard.edu
Leadership Strategies for Embedding Sustainability and Resilience in Organizations with an Emphasis on Sustainable Energy

E mbedding sustainability in an organization is often linked to effective leadership. By design, changes in leadership within the organization may lead to changes in commitment or perceived importance of sustainability in organizations. While some leaders in organizations are interested in embedding sustainability within an organizational structure, other leaders believe in putting their own stamp on sustainability efforts. Using a mixed methodology approach to interviews and literature review, to confirm or dispel the underscored notion of the importance of leadership play in embedding sustainability within city organization. The research inquiry includes in-person interviews with top city staff and elected officials in a large Midwestern city, and a review of the internal documents and reports from the past 5 years, to examine the role that elected and appointed officials have in embedding sustainability within cities, and whether a change in leadership may have an impact on continuity of sustainability implementation and long term viability of such policies. The paper focuses on the implementation of sustainable energy policies within a municipal organizational structure as a mean of constructing a better understanding of leadership on sustainability implementation and embedment. While the further inquiry is needed, the research points out that an active partnership between city managers, administrators, and elected officials must be in place to support integrating sustainability from within and that sustainability thrives where exhaustive leadership support such initiatives and efforts.
Operant conditioning of the tibialis anterior motor evoked potential in people with and without chronic incomplete spinal cord injury

We investigated whether operant conditioning of the motor evoked potential (MEP) to transcranial magnetic stimulation can systematically increase corticospinal excitability for the ankle dorsiflexo...
Effect of bran hydration with enzymes on functional properties of flour–bran blends

Background and objectives: Hard red wheat bran and hard white wheat bran were pre-hydrated and treated with cellulase, xylanase or cellulase + xylanase to mitigate the adverse effects of bran on the bread-baking quality of whole wheat meals. Findings: The hydration of bran with cellulase increased its soluble sugar content, and decreased its soluble and insoluble fiber contents. Bran hydration with cellulase + xylanase was more effective at increasing soluble sugar and lowering insoluble fiber, indicating more extensive degradation of cell wall materials. The compositional changes of bran induced by hydration with cellulase or cellulase + xylanase affected the starch pasting and dough mixing properties of the flour-bran blends, showing delayed/inhibited starch gelatinization and decreased water absorption during dough development. A higher loaf volume was observed in bread containing bran hydrated with a low dose of xylanase or cellulase + xylanase in hard red wheat, and in bread containing bran hydrated with low dose xylanase in hard white wheat. Conclusions: The pre-hydration of wheat bran with enzymes effectively improves the baking quality of whole wheat meals prepared from flour-bran blends by inducing changes in the composition of bran and subsequently in the physicochemical properties of starch and gluten. Significance and novelty: The pre-hydration of wheat bran with enzymes can be an important approach for enhancing whole wheat bread processing.
Symptom Severity at Week 4 of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Predicts Depression Remission.

Abstract Early response has been shown to predict psychotherapy outcome. We examined the strength of the relationship between early response and remission in 82 patients who received naturalistic cognitive-behavior therapy in a private practice setting, and 158 patients who received protocol cognitive therapy in a research setting. We predicted that the relationship between early response and remission would be substantial enough to guide clinical decision making in both samples, and that a simple model of severity at Week 4 of treatment would predict remission as effectively as a more complex change score. Logistic regressions showed that a simple model based on the Week 4 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was as predictive of remission as more complex models of early change. A receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that BDI score at Week 4 was substantially predictive of remission in both the naturalistic and research protocol samples; the area under the curve was .80 and .84 in the naturalistic and protocol samples, respectively. To guide clinical decision making, we identified threshold scores on the BDI corresponding to various negative predictive values (probability of nonremission when nonremission is predicted). Our results indicate that depressed patients who remain severely depressed at Week 4 of cognitive therapy are unlikely to reach remission at the end of relatively brief (maximum 20 sessions) treatment. We discuss implications of our findings for clinical decision making and treatment development.
A Novice's Experience with Merton's Theory of Unanticipated Consequences and Being "Forced" into Qualitative Research.

Qualitative research can be an unfamiliar type of research for some individuals in the nursing PhD program, and it can also be an unfamiliar aspect of any healthcare individual’s experience. This p...
Androgen Binding in the Testis: In Vitro Production of Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) by Sertoli Cell Cultures and Measurement of Nuclear Bound Androgen by a Nuclear Exchange Assay

Until three years ago, little was known about macromolecules which bound androgens in the testis, although physiologists and reproductive biologists had been investigating the androgen-dependent aspects of spermatogenesis for some time ±, see (1) for review. Since that time it has become clear that there are two types of androphilic macromolecules in the testis. The first to be described, termed androgen binding protein or ABP, was found in high concentration in rete testis fluid and was transported from the testis into the epididymis (2–6). The ABP-androgen complex was found to have a rapid dissociation rate with a t1/2 of 3 min3 (7). The second androphile, demonstrated by in vivo injection of H-testosterone, had the characteristics of an intracellular receptor — a slow complex dissociation rate, heat instability, and a 6–8S sedimentation coefficient (8).
"Nothing Comes Before Profit": Asshole Design In the Wild

Researchers in HCI and STS are increasingly interested in describing ethics and values relevant for design practice, including the formulation of methods to guide value application. However, little work has addressed ethical considerations as they emerge in everyday conversations about ethics in venues such as social media. In this late breaking work, we describe online conversations about a concept known as "asshole design" on Reddit, and the relationship of this concept to another practitioner-focused concept known as "dark patterns." We analyzed 1002 posts from the subreddit '/r/assholedesign' to identify the types of artifact being shared and the interaction purposes that were perceived to be manipulative or unethical as a type of "asshole design." We identified a subset of these posts relating to dark patterns, quantifying their occurrences using an existing dark patterns typology.
Limiting Corrupt Incentives in a Global REDD Regime

This Note addresses the potential for corruption in the emerging program to cut greenhouse gas emissions by averting deforestation. Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was a main component of the bargain struck between major emitters at Copenhagen in December 2009. REDD has tremendous potential to engage developing nations in making meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions—harvesting the world’s forests generates 20 percent of annual global warming pollution—while simultaneously easing the path for Annex I states to meet their binding emissions commitments. Unfortunately, REDD’s promise could also be derailed by graft and misaligned incentives, issues that have dogged the constituent pieces of a REDD program. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the major existing emissions offsets market, has come under fire for failing to promote real reductions in aggregate emissions while facilitating massive wealth transfers. Further, forestry management in the developing world has long been fraught with corruption. This Note takes up the challenges the CDM and forest agencies have faced, both to uncover the sobering difficulties awaiting REDD and to discern possible solutions to those vexing problems. It concludes by suggesting institutional design and enforcement measures to craft a system that is both corruption resistant and effective at delivering the significant climate and political benefits that REDD promises.
A distributed algorithm for solving a linear algebraic equation

A distributed algorithm is described for solving a linear algebraic equation of the form Ax = b where A is a matrix for which the equation has at least one solution. The equation is simultaneously solved by m agents assuming each agent knows only a subset of the rows of the partitioned matrix [A b], the current estimates of the equation's solution generated by its neighbors, and nothing more. Each agent recursively updates its estimate of a solution by utilizing the current estimates generated by each of its neighbors. Neighbor relations are characterized by a time-dependent directed graph N(t) whose vertices correspond to agents and whose arcs depict neighbor relations. It is shown that for any matrix A for which the equation has a solution and any sequence of “repeatedly jointly strongly connected graphs” N(t), t = 1, 2, ..., the algorithm causes all agents' estimates to converge exponentially fast to the same solution to Ax = b. It is also shown that in the absence of transmission delays, convergence to a solution occurs even if the times at which each agent updates its estimates are not synchronized with the update times of its neighbors.
Air-to-ground missile conceptual design based on multidisciplinary design optimization

To figure out tight-coupling overall design problem of air-to-ground missile,the multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO) of the missile was researched,which was based on two kinds of thrust program:one-pulse and double-pulse solid rocket motor.Disciplinary analysis models including aerodynamics,propulsion and trajectory were constructed.The general parameters of the missile with one-pulse rocket motor were optimized integrally by an improved hybrid genetic algorithm,and the formulation of response surface based concurrent subspace optimization(RSCSSO) was employed for the missile with double-pulse rocket motor.By developing and integrating the parametric program modules respectively,the best scheme of general parameters can be obtained to reach the best distance under the condition of some constraints,which achieved the aim of MDO.The results indicate that the scheme of one-pulse missile is better than the prototype missile,and the double-pulse missile is superior to one-pulse missile.The missile's general performance can be improved by the combination of motor modification and MDO formulations.
Total Synthesis of Alvaradoins E and F, Uveoside, and 10-epi-Uveoside.

Concise total syntheses of the anthracenone C-glycosides alvaradoins E and F, uveoside, and 10-epi-uveoside (1–4) have been accomplished from chrysophanic acid 8 and bromosugar 9. Key steps in the ...
Family Mealtime Communication in Single- and Dual-Headed Households Among Hispanic Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity

Abstract Objective To investigate the association of adolescent self-report of family mealtime communication on obesity-related behaviors in single- and dual-parent households and by sex in a sample of overweight and obese Hispanic adolescents. Design Cross-sectional analysis of a randomized control trial Setting Eighteen middle schools in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Participants Two-hundred and eighty Hispanic seventh- and eighth-grade students Main Outcome Measures Physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and added sugar intake. Analysis Structural equation modeling. Results The findings indicate that mealtime communication was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in boys (β = .30; P = .001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–2.68) and physical activity in girls (β = .26; P = .010; 95% CI, 0.16–1.30). Moreover, a single-parent household was associated with dietary consumption in boys (fruit and vegetable intake [β= .18; P = .039; 95% CI, 0.02–2.60] but had a moderating effect on fruit and vegetable consumption in girls (β = .21; P = .015; 95% CI, 0.14–2.19). Conclusions and Implications Family mealtime communication may impact dietary and physical activity outcomes in Hispanic adolescents with overweight and obesity, but differentially across gender and household parent makeup. These findings, together with the prevalence of single parents, point to the importance of targeting Hispanic single parents as agents of change to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in their children via positive mealtime interactions.
National Trends in Immediate Breast Reconstruction: An Analysis of Implant-Based Versus Autologous Reconstruction After Mastectomy

Many factors affect access to immediate breast reconstruction (IR) after mastectomy. The present study was performed to assess trends, outcomes, and predictors of IR techniques using a nationally representative cohort. The 2009–2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify adult women who underwent inpatient mastectomy with IR. Patients were compared by type of reconstruction: implant-based IR versus autologous reconstruction (AR). AR was classified as a microsurgical or pedicled flap procedure. Incidence, outcomes, and predictors were assessed using Chi squared univariate tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Of 194,073 women who underwent IR, 136,668 (70.4%) received implant-based IR and 57,405 (29.6%) received AR. Of those who underwent AR procedures, 31,336 (54.6%) received microsurgical flaps and 26,680 (46.5%) received pedicled flaps. Utilization of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps increased significantly (28.6–42.5% of AR, P < 0.001). Predictors of AR were Black race [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.46, P < 0.001], lower Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (AOR = 1.25, P < 0.001), private insurance (AOR = 1.07, P = 0.030), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.38, P < 0.001), urban teaching hospital designation (AOR = 1.77, P < 0.001), and high hospital volume (AOR = 3.11, P < 0.001). Similar factors were associated with the use of microsurgical flaps. AR and microsurgical flaps were associated with higher rates of acute inpatient complications, resource utilization and length of stay (LOS) compared with implant-based IR and pedicled flaps, respectively. Implant-based IR remains the most common type of IR, although rates of microsurgical AR are on the rise. Follow-up of complications, costs, and quality-of-life measures may show that AR provides long-term high-value care despite upfront morbidity, cost, and use of hospital resources.
Is the New Outpatient Prospective Payment System Classification for Outpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty Appropriate

Abstract Background In 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services removed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from the inpatient-only list, resulting in payment through the Outpatient Prospective Payment System with an average $3157 reduction. The purpose of this study is to determine if the reimbursement is justified by comparing the difference in facility costs between inpatient and outpatient TKAs. Methods We identified 4496 consecutive primary TKA procedures performed at 2 hospitals from 2015 to 2019. Itemized facility costs were calculated using a time-driven activity-based costing algorithm. Outpatient procedures were defined as those with a length of stay of less than 2 midnights (3851, 86%). Patient demographics, comorbidities, and itemized costs were compared between groups. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of outpatient status on true facility costs. Results Outpatient TKA patients had lower mean postoperative personnel costs ($1809 vs $947, P Conclusion Outpatient TKA costs hospitals nearly $1000 per patient less than inpatient TKA, yet the average difference in Medicare reimbursement for an outpatient procedure is $3157 less per patient. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should reconsider the Outpatient Prospective Payment System classification of TKA to better incentivize surgeons to perform TKA as a lower cost outpatient procedure when safe and appropriate.
Continuity of care and health care cost among community-dwelling older adult veterans living with dementia.

Objectives To estimate the causal impact of continuity of care (COC) on total, institutional, and noninstitutional cost among community-dwelling older veterans with dementia. Data sources Combined Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare data in Fiscal Years (FYs) 2014-2015. Study design FY 2014 COC was measured by the Bice-Boxerman Continuity of Care (BBC) index on a 0-1 scale. FY 2015 total combined VHA and Medicare cost, institutional cost of acute inpatient, emergency department [ED], long-/short-stay nursing home, and noninstitutional long-term care (LTC) cost for medical (like skilled-) and social (like unskilled-) services were assessed controlling for covariates. An instrumental variable for COC (change of residence by more than 10 miles) was used to account for unobserved health confounders. Data collection Community-dwelling veterans with dementia aged 66 and older, enrolled in Traditional Medicare (N = 102 073). Principal findings Mean BBC in FY 2014 was 0.32; mean total cost in FY 2015 was $35 425. A 0.1 higher BBC resulted in (a) $4045 lower total cost; (b) $1597 lower acute inpatient cost, $119 lower ED cost, $4368 lower long-stay nursing home cost; (c) $402 higher noninstitutional medical LTC and $764 higher noninstitutional social LTC cost. BBC had no impact on short-stay nursing home cost. Conclusions COC is an effective approach to reducing total health care cost by supporting noninstitutional care and reducing institutional care.
Inhibition of Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate Receptor 2 Attenuated Ligature‐induced Periodontitis in Mice

OBJECTIVES Periodontitis is an inflammatory bone loss disease initiated by oral bacterial inflammation. Herein, we determined whether inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2, a G protein-coupled receptor) by its specific antagonist, JTE013, could alleviate ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were placed with silk ligatures at the left maxillary second molar to induce experimental periodontitis. Mice were treated with JTE013 or control vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) oral topically on the ligatures once daily. After 15 days of treatment, RNA was extracted from the lingual mucosal tissues to quantify IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF mRNA levels in the tissues. Alveolar bone loss was determined by micro-computed tomography. Sagittal periodontal tissue sections were cut and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for general histology, or stained by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclasts. RESULTS Treatment with JTE013 attenuated ligature-induced alveolar bone loss compared with DMSO treatment. Treatment with JTE013 reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF mRNA levels in murine gingival mucosal tissues, inhibited leukocyte infiltration in the periodontal tissues, and decreased the number of osteoclasts in the periodontal tissues compared with controls. CONCLUSION Oral topical administration of JTE013 alleviated periodontal inflammatory bone loss induced by ligature placement in mice.
Victorian Women and Wayward Reading: Crises of Identification

In the nineteenth century, no assumption about female reading generated more ambivalence than the supposedly feminine facility for identifying with fictional characters. The belief that women were more impressionable than men inspired a continuous stream of anxious rhetoric about “female quixotes”: women who would imitate inappropriate characters or apply incongruous frames of reference from literature to their own lives. While the overt cultural discourse portrayed female literary identification as passive and delusional, Palacios Knox reveals increasing accounts of Victorian women wielding literary identification as a deliberate strategy. Wayward women readers challenged dominant assumptions about “feminine reading” and, by extension, femininity itself. Victorian Women and Wayward Reading contextualizes crises about female identification as reactions to decisive changes in the legal, political, educational, and professional status of women over the course of the nineteenth century: changes that wayward reading helped women first to imagine and then to enact.
Are Nursing Home Residents With Dementia Appropriately Treated for Fracture Prevention

Abstract Clinicians struggle with whether to prescribe osteoporosis medications for fracture prevention for older nursing home (NH) residents with dementia, given the lack of evidence in this population. To better understand real-world clinical practice, we conducted a retrospective cohort study examining patterns of fracture prevention medication use for older NH residents with dementia and high fracture risk. Data sources included 2015–16 Medicare claims, Part D prescriptions, and Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments. Among NH residents aged 65+ with dementia and prior fracture or high fracture risk based on the MDS FRAiL (Fracture Risk Assessment in Long-term care), we assessed medications for fracture prevention using prescription data from 1 year prior through 90 days after the first MDS assessment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with receiving treatment. Most of the sample (n = 72,639) was >80 years (78%), female (82%), and white (88%); 63% had moderate/severe dementia and 60% had an osteoporosis diagnosis. Only 11.6% received fracture prevention medications. In adjusted analyses, treated residents were more likely to be female, Hispanic or other non-black minority, 5 medications, steroid or proton pump inhibitor use, and regions outside of the Northeast. Resident characteristics suggestive of comorbidity burden and worsening dementia were associated with reduced likelihood of treatment. Low use of fracture prevention medications for NH residents with dementia may reflect an attempt by prescribers reconcile medication use with changing goals of care, or inappropriate underuse in patients who still have high fracture risk. Additional research is needed to help clinicians better evaluate when to use these medications in this heterogeneous and vulnerable population.
Transcriptional regulation of alcohol induced liver fibrosis in a translational porcine hepatocellular carcinoma model.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common and 2nd deadliest cancer worldwide. HCC risk factors include alcohol induced liver cirrhosis, which prompts hepatic inflammation, cell necrosis, and fibrosis deposition. As 25% of HCC cases are associated with alcohol induced liver disease, understanding the effects of the cirrhotic liver microenvironment on HCC tumor biology and therapeutic responses are critical. This study utilized the Oncopig Cancer Model—a transgenic pig model that recapitulates human HCC through induced expression of KRASG12D and TP53R167H driver mutations—to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol induced liver disease. Oncopigs (n = 5) underwent fibrosis induction via infusion of ethanol and ethiodized oil (1:3 v/v dosed at 0.75 mL/kg) into the hepatic arterial circulation. Eight-weeks post induction, liver tissue samples from fibrotic and age-matched control (n = 5) Oncopigs were collected for histological evaluation and transcriptional profiling. Increased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis was observed in fibrotic Oncopigs via pathological assessment. Transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) resulted in the identification of 4387 differentially expressed genes between Oncopig fibrotic and control livers. GO term enrichment analysis identified pathway alterations associated with cirrhosis progression in humans, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, and oxidation-reduction. Key alterations include activation of hepatic stellate cells, increased matrix metalloproteinase production, and altered expression of ABC and SLC transporter genes involved in transport of anticancer drugs.These results demonstrate Oncopig liver fibrosis recapitulates transcriptional hallmarks of human cirrhosis, making the Oncopig an ideal model for studying the effects of the cirrhotic liver microenvironment on HCC tumor biology and therapeutic response.
Predicting veracity in online hotel reviews using types of reported speech, speaker identity and quotation marks

Many studies of deception detection have supported using direct reported speech as a linguistic indicator of veracity (Vrij 2015). However, indirect reported speech and narrative reports of speech (Leech and Short 1981[2007]; Chafe 1994) have not received such attention in veracity assessment research. The current study investigates whether these types of reported speech (along with speaker identities and the use/non-use of quotation marks) act as indicators of veracity in a corpus of truthful and deceptive negative online hotel reviews developed by Ott, Choi, Cardie and Hancock (2011). Logistic regression modelling found that type of reported speech and speaker identity were significant, with deceptive reviews more often using indirect reported speech and truthful reviews featuring speaker identities other than the reviewer or hotel staff. This article contributes to our understanding of deception detection by considering theoretically meaningful classes of indicators (Burgoon 2018) and connecting previous approaches from multiple fields and perspectives.
Translational landscape and protein biogenesis demands of the early secretory pathway in Komagataella phaffii

Eukaryotes use distinct networks of biogenesis factors to synthesize, fold, monitor, traffic, and secrete proteins. During heterologous expression, saturation of any of these networks may bottleneck titer and yield. To understand the flux through various routes into the early secretory pathway, we quantified the global and membrane-associated translatomes of Komagataella phaffii. By coupling Ribo-seq with long-read mRNA sequencing, we generated a new annotation of protein-encoding genes. By using Ribo-seq with subcellular fractionation, we quantified demands on co- and posttranslational translocation pathways. During exponential growth in rich media, protein components of the cell-wall represent the greatest number of nascent chains entering the ER. Transcripts encoding the transmembrane protein PMA1 sequester more ribosomes at the ER membrane than any others. Comparison to Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals conservation in the resources allocated by gene ontology, but variation in the diversity of gene products entering the secretory pathway. A subset of host proteins, particularly cell-wall components, impose the greatest biosynthetic demands in the early secretory pathway. These proteins are potential targets in strain engineering aimed at alleviating bottlenecks during heterologous protein production.
Stable perovskite-fluorite dual-phase composites synthesized by one-pot solid-state reactive sintering for protonic ceramic fuel cells

Abstract This work synthesized a series of oxide composites with nominal compositions of BaCe05Zr0.4Y0.1O3-δ (BCZY)-Ce0.5Y0.5O2-δ (YDC) based on the BCZY/YDC molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 (BCZY-YDC-0.5–1, BCZY-YDC-1-1, BCZY-YDC-2-1, and BCZY-YDC-4-1) using a one-pot solid state reactive sintering (SSRS) method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and refinement proved that the one-pot SSRS at 1450 °C for 12 h could achieve the perovskite-fluorite dual-phase composites (DPCs) with the desired structure compositions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the two DPCs of BCZY-YDC-1-1 and BCZY-YDC-2-1 formed excellent percolation for perovskite and fluorite phases. The conductivity measurement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the transference number measurement by the electromotive force (EMF) test proved that changing the BCZY/YDC molar ratio and operating condition could adjust the DPC's conduction property to make them suitable for electrolytes and electrode scaffolds for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). The long-term conductivity testing and the crystal structure analysis after EMF testing under versatile conditions indicated that the DPCs of BCZY-YDC-2-1 and BCZY-YDC-1-1 were durable PCFC component materials. The PCFC button cells with the as-discovered BCZY-YDC-2-1 and BCZY-YDC-1-1 as an electrolyte and an anode scaffold, respectively, and the reported Ba–Ce–Fe–Co–O perovskite-perovskite composite as a cathode showed promising performance under H2/air gradient.
The Research Process

While you have no doubt conducted research as you completed various assignments throughout your academic studies thus far, you are about to embark on the most extensive research undertaking of your academic program and perhaps your professional career.
The Security Council and Norm Consumption

This article examines the puzzle of how international organizations adopt new norms, by examining the case study of the UN Security Council. Since 2000, the UN Security Council has increasingly adopted broad-based, non-coercive human rights related thematic resolutions, which I call TIPS resolutions (resolutions pertaining to thematic issues of peace and security). While existing constructivist and realist IR theories account for how IOs’ promote and diffuse norms, the sources of international organizations’ norms still remain obscure. This Article aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by providing an account of the sources of norms promoted by an IO at the international level. It also highlights the potential impacts of non-coercive norm promotion by the Security Council. The article contends that the Security Council “consumes” norms from transnational advocacy networks, epistemic communities and through acculturation processes within the UN system. The Security Council, like other IOs, also acts as a non-coercive diffuser and promoter of norms. Based on a systematic analysis of every Security Council resolution adopted since 1946, I define the previously unnoticed characteristics of a class of TIPS (“thematic issues of peace and security”) resolutions. Next, I use two case studies of broad-based human rights TIPS resolutions, dealing with child soldiers and gender equality, to examine more closely the Security Council’s involvement in non-coercive norm articulation and promotion. This account recommends reconsideration of popular IR/IL assumptions regarding the concepts of “rationality” and “coercion” as well as international law and policy regarding institution design, human rights promotion, and global governance.
Pediatric Fingertip Injuries

Fingertip injuries in children are common, resulting from crushing mechanisms, lacerations, and perhaps even overuse from excessive video game play. Their management can be challenging, due to the complexity of the fingertip anatomy. Many involve soft tissue defects, open fractures, growth plate injuries, nail bed injuries, and neurovascular structures. Treatment may involve conservative management or complex surgical intervention that requires composite tissue coverage and skeletal stabilization. The surgeon caring for these injuries should have a variety of treatment options at their disposal in order to manage these complicated injuries appropriately, minimize complications of growth and function, and diminish anxiety within the parent and patient alike.
Prominences as Part of the Corona

Prominences are found in the corona, but generally are considered as small perturbations and therefore neglected in most considerations of coronal physics. However, there may be several aspects of the corona that are poorly treated if the influence of prominences is ignored completely. Already Lockyer (1903, 1922, 1931) showed that there is a close association between the distribution of prominences on the disk and the form of the corona. In this chapter we shall look at several prominence-corona associations, mainly on a short time scale. The list is hardly exhaustive, but some important questions in coronal and interplanetary physics will be brought into focus.
The Men and Women We Want: Gender, Race, and the Progressive Era Literacy Test Debate

Should immigrants have to pass a literacy test in order to enter the United States? Progressive-Era Americans debated this question for more than twenty years, and by the time the literacy test became law in 1917, the debate had transformed the way Americans understood immigration, and created the logic that shaped immigration restriction policies throughout the twentieth century. Jeanne Petit argues that the literacy test debate was about much more than reading ability or the virtues of education. It also tapped into broader concerns about the relationship between gender, sexuality, race, and American national identity. The congressmen, reformers, journalists, and pundits who supported the literacy test hoped to stem the tide of southern and eastern European immigration. To make their case, these restrictionists portrayed illiterate immigrant men as dissipated, dependent paupers, immigrant women as brood mares who bore too many children, and both as a eugenic threat to the nation's racial stock. Opponents of the literacy test argued that the new immigrants were muscular, virile workers and nurturing, virtuous mothers who would strengthen the race and nation. Moreover, the debaters did not simply battle about what social reformer Grace Abbott called "the sort of men and women we want." They also defined as normative the men and women they were -- unquestionably white, unquestionably American, and unquestionably fit to shape the nation's future. Jeanne D. Petit is associate professor of history at Hope College.
Prime-time Television: A Concise History Interpreting Television Television: The Critical View

This book's title is correct in that it is a concise history of prime-time television and follows a clear historical track. This book is an examination of the creation and re-creation of American p...
Fatigue damage accumulation processes in engineering metals and plastics

ABSTRACT Fatigue fracture processes in engineering plastics are examined with particular attention given to the kinetics of discontinuous growth band formation. The width of these fracture bands (broken crazes) corresponds to the plastic zone size as computed from the Dugdale plastic strip model. Recent studies have shown that the early stages of craze damage mainly involve craze lengthening. Later stages of damage are believed to involve craze thickening by fibril stretching rather than drawing fresh material into the craze from the surrounding bulk. A different type of discontinuous growth band–one containing a pair of shear bands–has been reported and the presence of the shear bands related to the ratio of applied stress to yield strength levels.
The Continued Success of Proposition 65 in Reducing Toxic Exposures

California's Proposition 65 now has been in effect for nearly twenty years, and it remains highly controversial. Media attention in recent years increasingly has focused on the statute's perceived excesses and some of its more sensational enforcement actions. The less frequently told story, however, is one of continued success in removing toxic chemicals from consumer products and industrial activities. This article discusses some of the more significant product reformulations triggered by enforcement of Proposition 65's warning requirement over the past five years, including reductions in lead in a wide variety of consumer products, and reduced exposures from toxins in children's playground equipment and portable classrooms. The article also describes enforcement actions that have led to warnings in grocery stores and restaurants about the dangers of mercury in fish for pregnant women and children. In many of these instances, Proposition 65 has filled gaps left by sluggish federal activity.
Distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns of K+ channel mRNAs from different subfamilies

Different types of K+ channels play important roles in many aspects of excitability. The isolation of cDNA clones from Drosophila, Aplysia, Xenopus, and mammals points to a large multigene family with several distinct members encoding K+ channels with unique electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. Given the pivotal role K+ channels play in the fine tuning of electrical properties of excitable tissues, we studied the spatial and temporal basis of K+ channel diversity. We report the isolation of two putative K+ channels that define two new subfamilies based upon amino acid sequence similarities with other known K+ channels. Northern blot and in situ hybridization studies revealed differences in the spatial and temporal expression patterns for these two new clones along with mRNAs from other K+ channel subfamilies. Two of the K+ channels studied are predominantly expressed in the brain. One of the “brain-specific” K+ channels is first expressed after about 2 weeks of postnatal cerebellar development and remains at levels about 10-fold higher in the cerebellum than in the rest of the brain.
A theory of the n-i-p silicon solar cell

A computer model has been developed, based on an analytical theory of the high base resistivity BSF n(+)(pi)p(+) or p(+)(nu)n(+) silicon solar cell. The model makes very few assumptions and accounts for nonuniform optical generation, generation and recombination in the junction space charge region, and bandgap narrowing in the heavily doped regions. The paper presents calculated results based on this model and compares them to available experimental data. Also discussed is radiation damage in high base resistivity n(+)(pi)p(+) space solar cells.