cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using natural language to represent knowledge in an intelligent tutoring system

Developing intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for a target domain includes authoring tasks requiring long time and efforts. Letting authors use natural language to represent various kinds of knowledge is a way that any authors can add and update knowledge easily. An authoring system acquiring knowledge represented in natural language for an equation-based tutor (Pyrenees) is presented in this paper. This authoring system was designed to acquire not only problem statements, but also commonsense and domain knowledge in natural language from authors.
"The Power of Words: How, Why, and When Do Language Barriers Affect Alliance Formation?"

We extend previous research on language issues within firms by examining the strategic consequences of language barriers between firms. We elaborate underlying mechanisms of how, why, and when language differences matter in the selection of cross- border R&D partners. We develop a language distance construct which captures relative differences in linguistic structure for any language pair. We hypothesize and find situations in which language differences help, rather than hinder alliance formation. Our empirical results suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship between language distance and the likelihood of alliance formation. This relationship is further moderated by potential partners’ prior ties and technological distance.
Batch and membrane-assisted cell recycling in ethanol production byCandida shehatae

During xylose fermentation byCandidashehatae ATCC 22984 with batch cell recycling, the volumetric ethanol fermentation rate increased two-fold, and the xylitol production rate increased three-fold as the cell density increased to ten-fold. In continuous fermentation with membrane-assisted cell recycle, the fermentation rates increased almost linearly with increasing agitation rates up to 300 rpm. The maximum continuous ethanol production rates obtained with 90 and 200 g L−1 xylose were respectively 2.4 and 4.4 g L−1h−1. The cell density was 65–70 g (dry wt) L−1. Ethanol yields ranged from 0.26 to 0.41 g g−1.
Chemical Stabilization of β-Cristobalite

Chemically stabilized β-cristobalite has been synthesized in the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems. Highly reactive chemical precursors in the gel and zeolitic state are thermally transformed to stabilized β-cristobalite crystalline solutions in each system. High-temperature X-ray diffraction, phase data, differential scanning calorimetry, thermochemical analysis, electron microscopy, and magic-angle spinning NMR give information on the limits of stability of β-cristobalite, the α—β phase transition, thermal expansion behavior, and the structural state of the crystalline solutions.
Modulation of Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum by Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α Activity

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is required for host defenses against a number of pathogenic microbes, including Histoplasma capsulatum. In mice, TNF-alpha is necessary for the generation of a protective immune response to both primary and secondary histoplasmosis. Recent reports indicate that, in humans, treatment with inhibitors of TNF-alpha is associated with disseminated histoplasmosis. Here, I review the mechanisms by which inhibition of TNF-alpha may exacerbate infection with H. capsulatum.
Enhancing Praxis Through PRACSIS

Abstract Many social workers consider praxis central to their practice. The concept, developed by Paulo Freire to capture the interaction between action and reflection, can be challenging to apply. PRACSIS is a framework represented in grid form that can help social work students understand and use the concept of praxis in a thoughtful and explicit way. This paper describes the rationale for and application of PRACSIS: Practitioner Reflection on Actions, Characteristics and Situation, by Impact and Strategies. Results indicate that use of PRACSIS can help develop critical consciousness, including implications for practice, and can thus benefit social work educators, students, practitioners, and-ultimately-consumers.
Exploiting Named Entity Classes in CCG Surface Realization

This paper describes how named entity (NE) classes can be used to improve broad coverage surface realization with the OpenCCG realizer. Our experiments indicate that collapsing certain multi-word NEs and interpolating a language model where NEs are replaced by their class labels yields the largest quality increase, with 4-grams adding a small additional boost. Substantial further benefit is obtained by including class information in the hyper-tagging (supertagging for realization) component of the system, yielding a state-of-the-art BLEU score of 0.8173 on Section 23 of the CCGbank. A targeted manual evaluation confirms that the BLEU score increase corresponds to a significant rise in fluency.
Abstract P5-06-07: A novel role for breast cancer associated protein 2 (BCA2) in regulation replication-stress mediated DNA damage responses

Breast cancer associated gene 2 (BCA2) has been originally identified from invasive breast cancer cells and shown to be overexpressed in over 50% of invasive breast cancers. Its expression is known to be highly associated with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) status and promote cell proliferation and invasive properties. Importantly, expression of BCA2 is minimal or undetectable in most normal cells and tissues, which makes it as a valuable biomarker for ER-α positive breast cancers and a potential therapeutic target. BCA2 protein is a RING and ZINC-finger domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown to auto-ubiquitylate and interact with several proteins including Rab7, tetherin, ubiquitin, Ubc9 and p21, which are involved in different cellular processes. However, most of these studies have been focused on tumor progression, migration and invasive properties and almost no information on its role in carcinogenesis. Since many RING and ZINC-finger domain containing ubiquitin ligases are implicated in oncogenic signaling and DNA damage responses (DDR), in this study we examined the role of BCA2 in regulation of spontaneous and chemotherapeutics induced DDR in different breast cancer cell lines (ER-α positive versus triple negative). Interestingly, siRNA mediated down regulation of BCA2 induced spontaneous DDR, such as activation of replication checkpoint, slow cell cycle progression and double strand breaks (γH2AX foci). Exposure of BCA2 knockdown cells to DNA topoisomerase inhibitors (camptothecin and etoposide) potentiated DDR induced by these drugs. However, the molecular basis for this enhanced DDR is yet to be determined. Consistent with the previous studies, BCA2 knockdown attenuated cell proliferation, and compromised migration and invasion properties of these cells. Moreover, this novel role for BCA2 in DDR strongly suggests its status may also influence tumor response to chemo and radiation therapies and in carcinogenesis process. Further evaluation of breast cancer cell’s responses to different chemotherapeutic agents revealed distinct cellular responses based on the status of BCA2 and ER-α status. Taken together, our studies implicate a novel role for BCA2 in regulation of DDR and its influence on tumor response to chemotherapy. Additionally, we aim to present E3 ligase dependent and independent roles of BCA2 in these processes and tumor responses to different therapeutic agents. Acknowledgment: This is work is supported by Abraham Mitchell Cancer Research Scholar Endowment grant. Citation Format: Yuan-Hao Lee, Kaushlendra Tripathi, David Clark, Komaraiah Palle. A novel role for breast cancer associated protein 2 (BCA2) in regulation replication-stress mediated DNA damage responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-07.
Hexakis(carbomethoxyisopropylisonitrile) technetium(I), a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent: Binding characteristics in cultured chick heart cells

Cellular kinetics and binding characteristics of hexakis(carbomethoxyisopropylisonitrile) technetium(I) (Tc-CPI), a new cationic, highly lipophilic myocardial perfusion imaging agent, were evaluated in chick embryo heart cells grown in monolayer culture. Myocytes showed uptake of Tc-CPI to a plateau level with a half-time (t1/2) of 4.1 +/- 0.7 min (mean +/- s.e.m.; n = 6); t1/2 appeared independent of extracellular Tc-CPI concentration. Plateau level Tc-CPI uptakes (10(-16) to 10(-11) mole Tc-CPI/mg cell protein) were a linear function of extracellular Tc-CPI concentration (range: 10(-13)M to 10(-8)M, respectively). Tracer 99mTc-CPI uptake (binding) was not competitively displaced by carrier 99Tc-CPI. Uptake was temperature-sensitive; however, several inhibitors of cationic membrane transport (ouabain, amiloride, bumetanide, and verapamil) showed no significant effect. Extreme alkalinization of external load solution (pHo approximately 8.5) partially inhibited Tc-CPI uptake; however, intracellular pH changes showed no effect. Washout from contractile preparations could be described by a two component system: a fast component (myocytes) with a t1/2 approximately 4.5 min and a slow component (fibroblasts) with a t1/2 approximately 40 min. Cell fractionation experiments showed most of the activity to be associated with the cell membrane fraction. The data do not demonstrate a specific mechanism for uptake of Tc-CPI; however, results suggest binding to myocytes in a manner proportional to the delivery of the complex to the extracellular spaces. Such properties would be desirable for a myocardial perfusion imaging agent.
A comparison of FFS disk allocation policies

The 4.4BSD file system includes a new algorithm for allocating disk blocks to files. The goal of this algorithm is to improve file clustering, increasing the amount of sequential I/O when reading or writing files, thereby improving file system performance. In this paper we study the effectiveness of this algorithm at reducing file system fragmentation. We have created a program that artificially ages a file system by replaying a workload similar to that experienced by a real file system. We used this program to evaluate the effectiveness of the new disk allocation algorithm by replaying ten months of activity on two file systems that differed only in the disk allocation algorithms that they used. At the end of the ten month simulation, the file system using the new allocation algorithm had approximately half the fragmentation of a similarly aged file system that used the traditional disk allocation algorithm. Measuring the performance difference between the two file systems by reading and writing the same set of files on the two systems showed that this decrease in fragmentation improved file write throughput by 20% and read throughput by 32%. In certain test cases, the new allocation algorithm provided a performance improvement of greater than 50%.
Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Infections: An Emerging Challenge to Clinicians

OBJECTIVE:To review and evaluate clinically relevant epidemiology, microbiology, and clinical studies regarding the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections.DATA SOURCES:Pertinent literature was identified by a MEDLINE search (1966-September 2003) and through secondary bibliographies of pertinent articles.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All English-language articles identified from data sources were evaluated for clinical relevance.DATA SYNTHESIS:Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a worldwide problem as a nosocomial pathogen in hospitalized patients. Acinetobacter spp. can cause a multitude of infections including pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections, and the mortality associated with these infections is high. Isolates resistant to almost all commercially available antimicrobials have been identified, thus limiting treatment options. The development of new agents and reappraisal of older compounds (ie, polymyxins, ampicil...
Goldberg's bipolar measure of the Big‐Five personality dimensions: reliability and validity

A study was conducted to examine the relations between a recently developed measure of the Big-Five personality dimensions (Goldberg, 1992) and several other instruments: the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1968), the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence and Helmreich, 1978), and the Masculine Behavior Scale (Snell, 1989). The results indicated that Goldberg's Big Five questionnaire was correlated in predictable ways with these personality instruments. In addition, other results revealed that the Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability scales on Goldberg's questionnaire were associated with a measure of psychological symptoms. The discussion focuses on how these findings provide corroborative evidence for the reliability and validity of Goldberg's bipolar adjective measure of personality traits, thereby supporting this instrument as a reliable and valid measure of the Big-Five personality dimensions.
A method for recognition and localization of generic objects for indoor navigation

We introduce an efficient method for recognition and localization of generic objects for robot navigation, which works on real scenes. The generic objects used in our experiments are desks and doors as they are suitable landmarks for navigation. The recognition method uses significant surfaces and accompanying functional evidence for recognition of such objects. Currently, our system works with planar surfaces only and assumes that the objects are in a "standard" pose. The localization and orientation of an object are represented with the most significant surface in an "s-map". Some results for laboratory scenes are given. >
Vandetanib for the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Vandetanib (ZD6474, Caprelsa, AstraZeneca), an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets the rearranged during transfection receptor (RET), VEGF receptor (VEGFR2-3), and EGF receptor (EGFR), is the first systemic therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of symptomatic or progressive advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). In a randomized phase III trial of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic MTC, vandetanib improved progression-free survival compared with placebo [HR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.69; P < 0.001]. However, the benefits in delaying disease progression need to be balanced against the associated and potentially serious toxicities, including diarrhea, hypertension, and QTc prolongation. Here, we review the clinical development of vandetanib leading to its integration into the current treatment paradigm and highlight the ongoing and future challenges in TKI use in MTC.
Tax Deductions For Education Expenses

Trade or business expenses are deductible if they are ordinary and necessary with respect to the trade or business in which they were incurred. Treasury Regulations bring education expenses into this purview but only if they maintain or improve skills already acquired or allow a taxpayer to maintain his current position. Expenses which qualify a taxpayer for a new trade or business or which enable one to meet the minimum standards of a trade or business are considered personal and thus not deductible. Where educational conferences are held out of town there are additional considerations which might limit the allowable deduction for related education expenses.
Self-generated concentration and modulus gradient coating design to protect Si nano-wire electrodes during lithiation

Surface coatings as artificial solid electrolyte interphases have been actively pursued as an effective way to improve the cycle efficiency of nanostructured Si electrodes for high energy density lithium ion batteries, where the mechanical stability of the surface coatings on Si is as critical as Si itself. However, the chemical composition and mechanical property change of coating materials during the lithiation and delithiation process imposed a grand challenge to design coating/Si nanostructure as an integrated electrode system. In our work, we first developed reactive force field (ReaxFF) parameters for Li–Si–Al–O materials to simulate the lithiation process of Si-core/Al2O3-shell and Si-core/SiO2-shell nanostructures. With reactive dynamics simulations, we were able to simultaneously track and correlate the lithiation rate, compositional change, mechanical property evolution, stress distributions, and fracture. A new mechanics model based on these varying properties was developed to determine how to stabilize the coating with a critical size ratio. Furthermore, we discovered that the self-accelerating Li diffusion in Al2O3 coating forms a well-defined Li concentration gradient, leading to an elastic modulus gradient, which effectively avoids local stress concentration and mitigates crack propagation. Based on these results, we propose a modulus gradient coating, softer outside, harder inside, as the most efficient coating to protect the Si electrode surface and improve its current efficiency.
The Story of Murphy: A New Front in the War on the Income Tax

This chapter from the second edition of Tax Stories (Foundation Press) unpacks the D.C. Circuit’s stunning decision in Murphy v. United States, 460 F.3d 79 (D.C. Cir. 2006), which unsettled more than a half-century of tax jurisprudence in holding, based on an originalist view of the Sixteenth Amendment, that a personal injury award for emotional and reputational injuries could not be constitutionally treated as income. The chapter explores the background of the case, examines the parties’ conduct of the litigation, and critically analyzes the flaws and negative implications of the panel’s opinion. Although the D.C. Circuit panel ultimately granted rehearing and reversed its earlier decision in Murphy v. IRS, 493 F.3d 170 (D.C. Cir. 2007), the panel could not unring the bell and undo the lasting damage to the tax system caused by its original opinion. In his chapter on The Story of INDOPCO, Joseph Bankman argues that the income tax often asks too much of judges (and taxpayers, tax accountants, tax lawyers, and the IRS), demanding Solomonic judgments that mere mortals are incapable of consistently getting right. As a result, what initially may appear as an isolated failure instead may be a systemic flaw in the income tax itself. In Murphy, however, the income tax asked very little of the D.C. Circuit: the case merely required understanding of the constitutional source of Congress’s taxing power; the relationship between constitutional and statutory definitions of income; the meaning of tax basis and the difference between financial capital and human capital; and the courts’ duty to the tax system. Instead, the D.C. Circuit turned what should have been a run of the mill tax dispute over the application of § 104(a)(2) into a threat to the very survival of the income tax. The D.C. Circuit, prodded by the tax blogosphere, ultimately backed away from the brink, but the panel’s willingness to arm the anti-tax brigades should give pause to those committed to defend the income tax. Although questions about the taxation of damage recoveries will not bring down the income tax, the willingness of so many to shake its foundations may ultimately prove its undoing.
Smoking prevalence in urban and rural populations: findings from California between 2001 and 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Tobacco smoking and related health problems are still major public health concerns in the United States despite the declining smoking prevalence. Objectives: This study explored differences in smoking prevalence between urban and rural areas potentially relevant to tobacco control efforts in California. Methods: Public use adult smoking data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) between 2001 and 2011–2012 were analyzed. A total of 282 931 adults were surveyed across the six CHIS cycles. A ZIP code-based geographic classification (Urban, Second-City, Suburban, and Town/Rural) was used to examine the association between smoking prevalence and area of residency. Results: The overall smoking prevalence in California decreased from 17.0% in 2001 to 13.8% in 2011–2012. Within each CHIS cycle, the Town/Rural areas had the highest smoking prevalence, followed by Urban and Second-City areas, and Suburban areas had the lowest. Pooled data from all CHIS cycles showed a similar patter...
A Historical Perspective of Erosion and Sedimentation at Curved Sections Along the Mohawk River

Erosion and sedimentation at curved sections along waterways constitute a major soil stability challenge. The Mohawk River in New York and its two major tributaries (the Schoharie Creek and West Canada Creek) are illustration of how severe this problem could be. The riverbanks are continuously exposed to erosion and sedimentation, which compromise its stability and the infrastructure in its vicinity. This problem is aggravated at times of floods where both the quantity of discharge and flow velocity increase. With the availability of historical images of various sections of the river, one can detect the pattern of erosion and sedimentation over time and see the effect of repeated flooding on the structural stability of the soil in the area. This study was undertaken to identify, along the Mohawk River length, the sections that have been seriously impacted by both erosion and sedimentation problems and to classify these sections according to its level of severity and the need for remediation. In absence of sufficient funds to address all river problems simultaneously, it is necessary to prioritize areas where hazardous conditions exist. The Mohawk River waterway was surveyed and sections where erosion and sedimentation were marked according to their coordinates. The angle and radius of curvature at each section were determined. Depending on aerial survey images of a given section, the damage that the section exhibited was identified, and the level of danger of a structural collapse was assessed. In light of these conditions, various solutions to remedy the hazardous conditions at these sections were suggested. These solutions varied between simple ones such as re-grading the earth slope to make it milder to more comprehensive ones such as the construction of sheet piles walls. This study resulted in an extensive database of numbered sections along the Mohawk River starting from its origin in the west throughout its entire length to where it discharges into the Hudson River. This database involves coordinates of all identified sections, historical images of the section under consideration at different times and the pattern of instability that the sections experience, and proposed solutions to address hazardous conditions at the locations of these sections. It is anticipated that this database would serve as a helpful tool to researchers, government agencies, and parties interested in making critical decisions regarding maintaining the waterway in good and stable condition.
Assessing the Extent of Conservation Tillage Using Hyperspectral Imaging

Physically-based spectral indices that detect absorption features associated with cellulose and lignin are linearly related to crop residue cover, a key indicator of soil tillage intensity, and are robust across diverse agricultural landscapes.
Cyproheptadine blockade of a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex.

SummaryA cardiac chemoreceptor can be activated by serotonin to cause a complex autonomic reflex which includes acute hypertension, changes in cardiac contractile force, and alteration of rhythm and conduction. In 16 anesthetized dogs blood pressure, heart rate, and contractile force (Wal-ton-Brodie strain gauges sutured on atria and ventricles) were continuously measured during serotonin-induced reflexes before and after intravenous administration of cy-proheptadine and/or methysergide or morphine. Cyproheptadine in concentrations of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg attenuated the reflex responses, and higher concentrations (1.0 mg/ kg) abolished the reflex (9 of 10 dogs). The responses to right stellate ganglion stimulations before and after cyproheptadine were identical, indicating that cyproheptadine had no effect on neural release of norepi-nephrine nor any significant β-receptor blocking action. Cyproheptadine blockade was readily surmounted by a 10-fold increase in serotonin concentration. The serotonin reflex progre...
FMOC-Amino Acid Surfactants: Discovery, Characterization and Chiroptical Spectroscopy

The sodium salts of amino acids with hydrophobic fluorenyl methyloxy carbonyl (FMOC) group and short alkyl side chains are found to have surfactant properties. This was ascertained first through vi...
Concerta cf Ritalin Effects on Driving Performance

The effects of different methylphenidate (MPH) delivery profiles on driving performance of 6 male ADHD adolescents, aged 16 to 19 years, were evaluated by a randomized, crossover, single-blind study comparing controlled-release (OROS) MPH (Concerta) given q.d. to immediate-release MPH (Ritalin) in equal doses t.i.d. in a study at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Facilitating spatial thinking in world geography using Web-based GIS

AbstractAdvocates for geographic information system (GIS) education contend that learning about GIS promotes students’ spatial thinking. Empirical studies are still needed to elucidate the potential of GIS as an instructional tool to support spatial thinking in other geography courses. Using a non-equivalent control group research design, this study examines the effect of using Web-based GIS in a world geography course on the development of students’ spatial thinking abilities. The findings indicate that Web-based GIS activities implemented in this study significantly enhanced students’ spatial thinking skills.
SREMP coupling to buried conductors based on DF technique with FDTD method

To study source region electromagnetic pulse(SREMP) coulping to buried conductors,digital filtering(DF) technique was combined with the finite different time domain(FDTD) method to calculate the induced voltage and induced current of buried conductor in the time-domain under the function of source region electromagnetic pulse(SREMP) produced by the 10kt nuclear weapon explosion.The regulation of the induced voltage and the current varied with the length of the transmission line and the depth of this line was analyzed tentatively.The result shows that under the same buried depth the peak values of the induced voltage and the current turn higher and the rise time longer along with the increase of the TL's length,and that under the same length of TL,the peak of the induced voltage and the current turn lower and the rise time longer along with the increase of the buried depth.
Die Wechselwirkung von Antigen-Antikörperkomplexen mit Komplement und ihre Wirkung auf Zellen

Die wohl am haufigsten untersuchte Wechselwirkung von Antikorpern mit Oberflachenantigenen von Zellen in Gegenwart von Komplement (C)1 ist die Lyse von Erythrocyten. Das Antigen ist in diesem Falle ein Teil der Erythrocytenmembran; die Antikorper stammen von Kaninchen, die mit Schaferythrocyten oder mit gekochten Stromata von Schaferythrocyten (Anti-Forssman-Antikorper) immunisiert wurden; beim Komplement handelt es sich um frisches Meerschweinchen- oder um menschliches Serum.
Formation and maintenance of corpora lutea in laboratory animals.

Literature on corpus luteum (CL) function in laboratory animals is reviewed. A more complete picture of luteal activity emerges when measurements of CL size and weight histochemical studies of CL enzyme and lipid content and chemical studies of the progesterone content in ovarian vein blood are evaluated in combination rather than alone. The interaction of estrogen and presumably luteinizing hormone (LH) with luteotrophic hormones is essential for optimal luteal function. The synergistic action of prolactin with estrogen is well exemplified in the rat. Estrogen secretion may be inherent in the CL or may be produced by the follicular apparatus or interstitium. One of the best criteria for determining the luteotrophic activity of any hormone is the ability of the hormone to maintain pregnancy in hypophysectomized animals before the onset of placental hormone production. Nonetheless the direct action of hormones on the uterus must always be considered. In the rat prolactin appears to be the primary luteotrophic hormone prolactin and LH seem to be essential to the luteotrophic process in the mouse and prolactin with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are the primary luteotrophic hormones in the hamster. In the rat and mouse the placenta is essential in maintaining CL growth and progesterone secretion during the later half of pregnancy while the placenta and pituitary are critical in the hamster. The same hormone(s) can be both luteotrophic and luteolytic. For example prolactin can be luteolytic and LH can synergize with prolactin in the luteotrophic process. The luteolytic effect of a substance is influenced by the state of activity of the luteotrophic process and the reactivity of the CL. The uterus exerts a major influence on the luteolytic process in several species. Generally the luteotrophic process may be either unstable or an inherently limited duration or regulated by a system that is unstable or ephemeral. The luteolytic process however may be a constant feature of the CL environment or it may be influenced by progesterone.
Electrified Transportation System Performance: Conventional Versus Online Electric Vehicles

In recent years, the electrification of ground transportation has emerged as a trend to support energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction targets. The true success, however, of this trend depends on the successful integration of electric vehicles into the infrastructure systems that support them. Left unmanaged, conventional electric vehicles may suffer from delays due to charging or cause destabilizing charging loads on the electrical grid. Online electric vehicles have emerged to remediate the need for stationary charging and its effects. This chapter seeks to objectively compare the systemic impacts of these two electric vehicle concepts on the combined electrical power grid and road transportation system. It applies a recently developed hybrid dynamic system model of the transportation-electricity nexus that holistically incorporates vehicle dispatch, route choice, charging station queues, coordinated charging, and vehicle-to-grid stabilization. It draws upon Axiomatic Design for Large Flexible Engineering System Theory to superimpose a marked petri net model layer on a continuous-time kinematic and electrical state evolution. The results show that online electric vehicles, unlike their conventional vehicle counterparts, are able to avoid charging station queues and thus are able to meet the needs of a greater variety of transportation uses cases including commercial and public fleets. Their impacts on the power system also differ. While conventional electric vehicles are likely to require greater investment to expand power system generation capacity, online electric vehicles are likely to incur greater operating costs to manage their charging loads. The chapter concludes with several directions for future work in the development of intelligent transportation-energy systems which can serve to reduce both costs for both vehicle concepts.
Interpersonal Manifestations of Lifestyle: Individual Psychology Integrated with Interpersonal Theory

This article integrates the counseling theories of Individual Psychology and Interpersonal Theory. This integration provides a social/interpersonal approach to conceptualize clients' problems and address them in counseling. The integrated approach to counseling presents a structure for assessment of clients' developmental experiences as well as a counseling approach that allows the counselor to address these issues in the counseling relationship. Finally, a clinical example is provided to demonstrate the integration of theories.
Critical perspectives on corporate mindfulness

Over the last decade, corporate mindfulness training programs have become increasingly popular. Companies such as Google, Goldman Sachs, Ford Motor, Aetna, General Foods, among others, have trained...
Retardation of Combustion of Phenolic, Urea-Formaldehyde, Epoxy, and Related Resin Systems

The flame resistance of phenolic, urea—formaldehyde, epoxy, and related resin systems appears to represent examples of polymers which are inter mediate in their combustion behavior between most of the vinyl systems and the so-called nonflammible, heat-resistant polymers. In fact, the phenolic resin system in fiber form has been reported to exhibit a high degree of flame resistance(1,2) In a chemical sense, these materials can be considered to exhibit properties which can be termed self-retarding with regard to their combustion behavior. The combustion process, in general terms, can be described in terms of the degradation of these materials. As you have already seen in previous chapters in this volume, the combustion of polymeric materials can be considered to take place in a number of stages. Such generalized stages are closely intertwined owing to variations in the type of external heat applied to the material, the geometry of the combusting polymer, the atmosphere in which the combustion is occurring, and the morphological and chemical characteristics of the specific material.
Postschool Outcomes for Students with Significant Emotional Disturbance following Best-Practice Transition Services:

Six best practices—vocational intervention, paid work experience, social skills curriculum, interagency collaboration, parent involvement, and individualized plans/planning—were linked to postschoo...
Memories of the Early Medieval Past

With the rise of industrialisation in France in the late nineteenth century, the construction of railways and roads led to the discovery of numerous early medieval cemeteries and related material artefacts. These finds contributed to a national debate on the history of France and the identities of its inhabitants, and consequently, a great number of grave goods were preserved in private collections and public museums. Not only did such artefacts have relevance for national history, but they also heightened the desirability of these objects within and outside of France and made them symbols of the sophistication and refinement of their modern collectors.
A review of Economic Geography. A Critical Introduction. By Trevor J. Barnes and Brett Christophers.

In this critical introduction to the discipline, Barnes and Christophers begin by asking a fundamental question that runs through the length of the book, “why does economic geography today look lik...
Signal enrichment with strain-level resolution in metagenomes using topological data analysis.

A metagenome is a collection of genomes, usually in a micro-environment, and sequencing a metagenomic sample en masse is a powerful means for investigating the community of the constituent microorganisms. One of the challenges is in distinguishing between similar organisms due to rampant multiple possible assignments of sequencing reads, resulting in false positive identifications. We map the problem to a topological data analysis (TDA) framework that extracts information from the geometric structure of data. Here the structure is defined by multi-way relationships between the sequencing reads using a reference database. Based primarily on the patterns of co-mapping of the reads to multiple organisms in the reference database, we use two models: one a subcomplex of a Barycentric subdivision complex and the other a Cech complex. The Barycentric subcomplex allows a natural mapping of the reads along with their coverage of organisms while the Cech complex takes simply the number of reads into account to map the problem to homology computation. Using simulated genome mixtures we show not just enrichment of signal but also microbe identification with strain-level resolution. In particular, in the most refractory of cases where alternative algorithms that exploit unique reads (i.e., mapped to unique organisms) fail, we show that the TDA approach continues to show consistent performance. The Cech model that uses less information is equally effective, suggesting that even partial information when augmented with the appropriate structure is quite powerful.
Abstract 335: Mechanical Valve Thrombosis and Therapy

Background: Obstruction of prosthetic heart valves may be caused by thrombus formation and/or pannus in-growth. Thrombosis is more likely with inadequate anticoagulation and associated with more ac...
Prevalence of adverse events and their effect on completion of high speed treadmill exercise tests at a single institution (2000-2015).

Background Decline in high speed treadmill (HSTM) exercise testing may be attributed to the rise of over-ground endoscopy and telemetric electrocardiography, in addition to concerns of adverse events during treadmill exercise resulting in injury or inadequate testing. Objectives To describe adverse events occurring during HSTM exercise tests at a single institution and determine their effect on likelihood of completing diagnostic HSTM exercise testing. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine if a significant difference in frequencies of adverse events existed between complete and incomplete HSTM exercise tests. Two Firth logistic regression models were used to determine likelihood of exercise test completion given the presence of any adverse event, and the likelihood of exercise test completion for each type of adverse event. Results The majority of horses presenting for HSTM evaluation underwent exercise testing (900/1003; 90%). Eight-hundred and seven (90%) exercise tests were completed. Adverse events occurred in 136 (15%) HSTM exercise tests of which 97 (71%) did not impact ability to complete HSTM testing. Adverse events significantly but variably decreased the likelihood of HSTM exercise test completion. Sixty-six percent of incomplete exercise tests were prematurely terminated due to poor performance abnormalities during which diagnosis of poor performance cause(s) was still achieved. Main limitations Variable personnel recorded data over the study period. Per-test rather than per-horse evaluation does not account for the effect of multiple training and testing episodes performed in the same horse. Conclusions This study supports the continued usage of HSTM exercise testing for examination of horses with poor performance, with adverse events occurring infrequently. Adverse events reduced the likelihood of completing HSTM exercise testing although not all adverse events affected likelihood of completion similarly. In many cases, a performance limiting problem was identified for horses in which an exercise test was considered incomplete. The Summary is available in Spanish - see Supporting information.
Prognostic Indices for Patients with Brain Metastases

Patients with brain metastases are a heterogenous population. The epidemiology of brain metastases is addressed elsewhere in this textbook. In the past, outcomes were considered uniformly grim for all patients with brain metastases. We now know that outcomes vary widely by diagnosis (type of primary cancer) and diagnosis-specific prognostic factors. This chapter reviews the history of prognostic classifications for patients with brain metastases and the current state of knowledge in this area. Such classification systems are important for two reasons: (1) they facilitate clinical decision-making regarding whether and what treatment is appropriate and (2) they provide a method for stratification of clinical trials to ensure trials are comparing comparable patients, which is particularly important in such a heterogeneous patient population.
Exploring Determinants of Parent Behaviors During Eating Episodes.

Abstract Objective To develop a conceptual model of determinants of parent feeding behaviors with preschoolers. Design Semistructured in-depth interviews were collected and transcribed verbatim. Setting University of Houston. Participants Parents of preschool-aged children (aged 2–5 years). Phenomenon of Interest Determinants of parent behaviors during eating episodes with preschoolers. Analysis Trained coders conducted thematic analysis with constant comparison of all interviews. Results The final sample (n = 20) included predominantly white (60%), married (70%) mothers (75%) from middle socioeconomic conditions (100% had at least some college education; 70% had a household income >$50,000). Five categories of themes emerged: child behaviors, proactive parent behaviors, reactive parent behaviors, contextual factors, and parent beliefs. The themes were organized into a conceptual model to describe how parents and children influenced each other's behaviors depending on the context and parent beliefs of themselves and their child. Conclusions and Implications A conceptual model outlining several determinants of parent feeding behaviors among preschoolers was developed. Next steps in the research are to validate the conceptual model identified in this qualitative study on a large, nationally representative sample.
[Effect of OCT4 Gene Expression Upregulation on the Expression of iPSC-related Transcription Factors in Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells].

Objective To explore the effect of OCT4 over-expression on the expression of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-related transcription factors (cMYC，KLF4，LIN28，NANOG and SOX2) in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs), so as to provide fundamental basis for exploring the pathogenesis of hematological diseases (leukemia, aplastic anemia, etc.) from the perspective of hemopoietic microenvironment in the future. Methods Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-OCT4 was constructed and transferred into the optimal generation P3-4 hBMMSCs by liposome transfection. The cells with stable and high expression of OCT4（hBMMSCs-OCT4）were screened by G418 resistance screening (limited dilution) and subcloning, the expression of OCT4 mRNA and OCT4 protein was verified by RT-PCR and FCM, respectively. The expression of iPSC-related transcription factors (cMYC, KLF4, LIN28, NANOG and SOX2) were also determined by FCM and RT-PCR, so as to evaluate the effect of ectopic high expression of OCT4 on the expression of iPSC related transcription factors in hBMMSCs. Results Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-OCT4 was successfully constructed and cells with stable and high expression of OCT4 were successfully screened from hBMMSCs by limited dilution and subcloning. The result of flow cytometry showed that the mean expression level of OCT4 protein increased from (3.03±1.49)% to (95.46±1.40)% compared with the untransfected parental MSCs, which was also confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. At the same time, the expression levels of OCT4 protein and mRNA were compared between transient transfection (day 4) and stable expression cells (day 96), respectively, it was showed that the OCT4 protein level increased from (36.36±0.28)% at day 4 to (96.25±1.38)% at day 96, and the OCT4 mRNA level increased from 2.75-folds to 6.23-folds, respectively. Compared with the untransfected parental MSCs, the average expression levels of stemness transcription factors increased from (1.12±0.47)% (cMYC), (0.84±0.30)% (KLF4), (2.14±0.79)% (LIN28), (0.63±0.37)% (NANOG) and (14.34±2.44)% (SOX2) to (80.65±4.75)%, (73.03±4.70)%, (68.08±3.05)%, (39.39±1.85)%and (91.45±4.56)% in hBMMSCs-OCT4, respectively, which were consistent with results of RT-PCR analysis. Moreover, the expression levels of NANOG and SOX2 positively correlated with the mean expression of OCT4 (OCT4 vs NANOG: r=0.7802，OCT4 vs SOX2: r=0.4981；NANOG vs SOX2: r=0.7426). Conclusion Cells with stable and high expression of OCT4 have been successfully established from hBMMSCs. Ectopic high expression of transcription factor OCT4 in hBMMSCs can up-regulate the expression of other iPSC-related transcription factors such as cMYC, KLF4, LIN28, NANOG and SOX2.
Osteopontin promotes osteosarcoma metastasis to the lung through interaction with integrin αvβ3

1960 Metastatic spreading to the lung is the key limiting factor to treatment of osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive bone cancer. Eighty percent of osteosarcoma patients have hematogenous lung metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. Less than half of them can be cured despite aggressive treatment regimens. In order to identify mechanisms supporting osteosarcoma colonization of lung tissue we developed a novel orthotopic mouse model reproducing the metastatic features of human osteosarcoma. After orthotopic injection of SJSA1 osteosarcoma cells into the left tibia of 5 to 7 weeks old male C.B-17/lcrTac SCID mice, these animals developed primary tumors in the tibia that spontaneously metastasized to the lungs. We derived highly metastatic variants of SJSA1 from primary tumors and lung lesions. The lung derived variant of SJSA1 was 789-times more efficient in establishing hematogenous lung metastases than the parental cells. Previously we showed that the metastatic behavior of osteosarcoma cells correlates with the expression of osteopontin, which is highly overexpressed in the more aggressive tumor cell variants. We now show that the main function of osteopontin overexpression is to mediate an early survival advantage of the metastatic cells after their arrival in the lung. This effect is demonstrated in experimental metastasis assays in vivo using non-invasive bioluminescent imaging and can be modeled in vitro in cell proliferation assays in a 3D collagen matrix. Both endogenous and exogenous osteopontin promote growth of SJSA1 tumor cells in 3D collagen. Stable knockdown of osteopontin expression in SJSA1 variants by shRNA reduced osteosarcoma cell survival in 3D collagen, and markedly reduced in vivo lung colonization in our mouse model. We show that on osteosarcoma cells integrin αvb3 is the major receptor for osteopontin and mediates tumor cell survival and proliferation in response to the binding event. The integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin supported autocrine pathway depends on the activation state of the integrin, with the more aggressive cells displaying constitutively activated integrin αvβ3 receptors. Our data show that osteopontin and integrin αvβ3 promote early tumor cell survival during metastatic target organ colonization from the blood stream. We are currently investigating the molecular pathways which drive tumor cell survival through interaction of osteopontin and integrin αvβ3. Our initial findings suggest that the integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin axis maybe a potential therapeutic target for treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma.
Abstract P168: Predictors Of Htn Remission Post-bariatric Surgery: A Contemporary Analysis

Introduction: The effect of bariatric surgery on improvement and remission of hypertension (HTN) is well documented. However, the factors that influence HTN remission in this population are poorly ...
Planning Autonomous Driving with Compact Road Profiles

Current sensing and control of self-driving vehicles based on full-view recognition is hard to keep a high-frequency with a fast moving vehicle, as increasingly complex computation is employed to cope with the variations of driving environment. This work, however, explores a light-weight sensing-planning framework for autonomous driving. Taking the advantage that a vehicle moves along a smooth path, we only locate several sampling lines in the view to scan the road, vehicles and environments continuously, which generates a fraction of full video data. We have applied semantic segmentation to the streaming road profiles without redundant data computing. In this paper, we plan vehicle path/motion based on this minimum data set that contains essential information for driving. Based on the lane, headway length, and vehicle motion detected from road/motion profiles, a path and speed of ego-vehicle as well as the interaction with surrounding vehicles are computed. This sensing-planning scheme based on spatially sparse yet temporally dense data can ensure a fast response to events, which yields smooth driving in busy traffic flow.