cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fire Next Time: Gangs, Prison, and the Apocalyptic Image in Honduras

This essay examines the significance of gang tattooing in the wake of two prison fires in Honduras, to ask how the infernal and apocalyptic visions of these images might be interpreted politically. I ask how pagan magic, vanquished from the Christian world, resists the work of Christian rehabilitation and evangelization and, therefore, social reintegration of communities criminalized in late-liberal states. In this rereading of gang politics in Honduras, I ask how the whitewashing of those prison fires by official investigations allegorized them into tattoo art and became the basis for an untimely, subterranean, and occult politics waged outside the democratic arena, directed at the magic of the state itself.
The Way Lawyers Worked

Court and litigation operations are opaque in the best of times, and the lack of detailed records from the Nineteenth Century makes it even more difficult to learn how lawyers and judges went about their business. This may be one of the reasons why there are very few accounts of the nuts and bolts of 1800s law practice. This article illuminates the development of litigation and the law in the middle of the Nineteenth Century by examining archival court and Patent Office records. Most accounts of the time focus either on judicial opinions or the relationship of the parties, but few articles focus on how the lawyers and courts went about their business. Unlike today, when court documents are easily available and often widely published, litigation documents were not generally published in the 1800s. We have unearthed examples to learn about the way lawyers (and courts) worked. Our journey to investigate the workings of lawyers and courts is facilitated by the apple parer, a kitchen tool of varying complexity designed to peel and sometimes slice apples. Using the first few cases involving parers, this article examines the details about how legal practice and legal precedent were formed in a world absent the technologies that facilitate our communication in modern times. The battle between manufacturers to protect apple parer designs gives a detailed peek behind the dusty opinions we read today. Our newly acquired archival records yield insights that would be unthinkable today: a lawyer arguing a case before his (judge) brother, printed form complaints with handwritten party names, a learned treatise author omitting the key precedent in briefing, a lawyer testifying about communications with his client, and much more.
Evaluation of Health Perceptions And Healthcare Utilization Among Population-Based Female Cancer Survivors And Cancer-Free Women

PURPOSE Cancer survivors are more likely to report having a poor health status when compared to the general population. Few studies have focused on the impact of cancer on health status and healthcare utilization/access outcomes among women from medically underserved populations. METHODS 25,741 women with and without a history of cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016 contributed data. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression for associations between cancer status and perceived health and healthcare utilization/access outcomes stratified by race/ethnicity, poverty status, education, and comorbidities. RESULTS 1,897 (7.0%) women had a history of cancer with breast cancer as the most common (n = 671, 35.7%). While most survivors were non-Hispanic white (69.4%), 13.9% were Hispanic, 12.0% were non-Hispanic Black, and 4.6% were additional racial/ethnic groups. Survivors were 1.32 times more likely to be hospitalized within the last year (95% CI 1.11-1.58) and 1.32 times more likely to see a mental health provider within the last year (95% CI 1.05-1.66) compared to cancer-free women. Race/ethnicity was a significant effect modifier in the association between being a survivor and seeing a mental health provider, with Hispanic survivors having the highest odds (aOR 3.44; 95% CI 2.06-5.74; p-interaction < 0.00). CONCLUSION Our study identifies disparities in healthcare utilization among female cancer survivors, highlighting the importance of evaluating these associations among medically underserved populations. These findings can educate healthcare professionals working with these populations to inform gaps in survivorship care utilization/access.
The effect of filling materials on the behaviour of filled steel tube composite beam

This study is concerned with investigating the performance of filled steel tube composite beams, the composite beam consisting of a filled steel tube and reinforced concrete slab connected by perfobond connector. Six composite beams were tested; the main parameter in this investigation was the type of filling materials used to fill the steel tube. All specimens were simply supported, the specimens tested using a four-point load. The deflection at mid-span and slips were recorded with loads. All specimens failed by the flexural and the specimens show similar behaviour during the test, the first crack of the concrete slab appears in the final stages of loading. It is found that the highest ultimate strength of the composite beam obtained when using normal concrete as a filling material. The other filling material (wood, aggregate, and lightweight concrete) were less density and ultimate load. Wood is the best filling material as an alternative to normal concrete. All these filling material gives higher ultimate strength of the composite beam compared with a hollow steel tube composite beam. The test demonstrated that the gypsum is unuseful as a filling material.
Fine Wigns

There are three categories of diagnostic data collected during the physical examination—sign, symptom, and that in between—but only two words to describe them. To fill that gap, I modestly propose here that examination responses that are vocalized (and thus symptomlike) yet thought to be specific (hence signifiers) be classified as wigns. I define a wign as the subjective reaction to a provocative examination maneuver deemed to have some valid relationship to the underlying pathology. This word is pronounced “whine” to remind us it is a spoken response, and its spelling echoes that of sign, reminding us likewise a wign is more definitive than a generalized complaint. The distinctions between sign, symptom, and wign are worthy of preservation, particularly regarding their probative value: treatments offered on the basis of signs can be said to be most rigorously indicated, as symptoms, unlike signs, pass through (and are affected by) the prism of patients’ perceptions. Remaining skeptical about the value of information provided by our patients is in the interest of these patients, as our skepticism might save them from unnecessary treatments and procedures.
A Structural Model for a Self-Assembled Nanotube Provides Insight into Its Exciton Dynamics

The design and synthesis of functional self-assembled nanostructures is frequently an empirical process fraught with critical knowledge gaps about atomic-level structure in these noncovalent systems. Here, we report a structural model for a semiconductor nanotube formed via the self-assembly of naphthalenediimide-lysine (NDI-Lys) building blocks determined using experimental 13C–13C and 13C–15N distance restraints from solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance supplemented by electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction data. The structural model reveals a two-dimensional-crystal-like architecture of stacked monolayer rings each containing ∼50 NDI-Lys molecules, with significant π-stacking interactions occurring both within the confines of the ring and along the long axis of the tube. Excited-state delocalization and energy transfer are simulated for the nanotube based on time-dependent density functional theory and an incoherent hopping model. Remarkably, these calculations reveal efficient energy migra...
Testing the handedness of a heavy W' at future hadron colliders.

We show that the associated production {ital pp}{r_arrow}{ital W}{prime}{ital W} and the rare dec at future hadron colliders. For {ital M}{sub {ital W}{prime}}{similar_to}(1--3) TeV they would allow a clean determination on whether the {ital W}{prime} couples to {ital V}{minus}{ital A} or {ital V}+{ital A} currents. As an illustration a model in which the {ital W}{prime}{sup {plus_minus}} couples only to {ital V}{minus}{ital A} currents is contrasted with the left-right-symmetric models which involve {ital V}+{ital A} currents.
The Juxtaposition of Individual and Institutional Assessment

The social order, which explicitly and implicitly seeks to form candidates for university enrollment, is fueled by powerful philosophical, scientific, and sociopolitical factors. These factors contribute to the ongoing formation of the college candidate from birth, through youth, and into adulthood. These factors not only affect the development of the college applicant prior to admission (or rejection) but also affect the academic performance of that student once (or if) he or she is admitted to college.
Plain or decorated? Object visual features matter in infant spatial categorization.

Abstract The current study investigated infant spatial categorization of a support relation across differences in the perceptual features of the objects. Infants of 8 and 14 months ( N = 67) were habituated to dynamic support events with objects that were plain and monochromatic or those that were embellished with decorations (e.g., polka dots, feathers). Infants were then tested with events that presented a novel pair of objects, a novel spatial relation (i.e., containment), or both. Infants, particularly those of 8 months, formed an abstract categorical representation of a support relation when habituated with the decorated objects but not the plain objects. The results suggest that the perceptual features of objects can facilitate infants’ categorization of spatial relations, at least in some learning settings and especially with younger infants.
Vital capacity helps predict pulmonary complications after rib fractures.

BACKGROUNDTraumatic rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity. Vital capacity (VC) assesses pulmonary function; however, limited data link VC to patient outcomes. Our objective was to determine if VC predicted complications and disposition in patients with rib fractures.METHODSThis is
Stochastic DEA Models With Different Types of Input-Output Disturbances

This paper presents stochasticmodels in data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the possibilityof variations in inputs and outputs. Efficiency measure of adecision making unit (DMU) is defined via joint probabilisticcomparisons of inputs and outputs with other DMUs and can becharacterized by solving a chance constrained programming problem.By utilizing the theory of chance constrained programming, deterministicequivalents are obtained for both situations of multivariatesymmetric random disturbances and a single random factor in theproduction relationships. The linear deterministic equivalentand its dual form are obtained via the goal programming theoryunder the assumption of the single random factor. An analysisof stochastic variable returns to scale is developed using theidea of stochastic supporting hyperplanes. The relationshipsof our stochastic DEA models with some conventional DEA modelsare also discussed.
Cardiovascular responses to exercise concerned in rehabilitation of cardiac patients. Physiologic considerations.

Abstract This paper is concerned with two key physiologic problems upon which the understanding of rehabilitation in cardiology rests: The recent elaboration of Claude Bernard's classical idea of the “milieu interne” and the current revolution in the explanation of cardiac control in exercise in physiologic and pathologic circumstances. As to the first, the concept of homeostasis has only recently come into its own because of the clarification of the juxtaposition of the homeostatic situation vis-a-vis the diametrically different pattern of disengagement of the autonomic components which are encompassed by both. The disengagement from the homeostatic resting state—originally identified during physiologic analyses of exercise situations—is called heterostasis. As a result of the understanding of the bipolar nature of the relationship between homeo- and heterostasis a new and fruitful approach has evolved in respect to the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of the cardiovascular system's actual and—in view of our growing knowledge of the training process—also of its potential resources. In athletics as well as in clinical medicine new vistas have thus been unfolded and the quantitative determination at rest and during exercise of circulatory functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, stroke and minute volume, oxygen intake and ionic exchanges has thereupon assumed a new importance. Secondly, in order to grasp the full implication of the issue in situations with which the physician is confronted when considering the appropriateness of applying physical training in the restorative treatment of cardiac patients another question must be considered: that of the stability of the underlying pathologic process. The answer to this question determines from case to case whether exercise and training can be applied in the treatment of cardiac patients or, in other words, whether their condition is amenable to active rehabilitative treatment.
The Role of the Mathematics Supervisor in K–12 Education

The implementation of the Common Core Standards for Mathematics and the assessments of those concepts, skills, reasoning methods, and mathematical practices that are in development necessitate the updating of teachers’ knowledge of content, pedagogical techniques to enhance engagement and persistence, and strategies for responding to the needs and talents of students. Following a brief history of the role of supervisors, the key responsibilities of current supervisors are described and include strategies for: establishing a framework for instruction, collaborating with other content curriculum supervisors to explore ways to enhance key concept acquisition in two or more fields, identifying students’ academic needs and monitoring their progress, designing and conducting ongoing PD programs, closing learning gaps, and celebrating achievements of both students and teachers. The chapter concludes with an identification of the qualifications and characteristics of effective supervisors of mathematics.
The functional significance of altered tension dependent heat in thyrotoxic myocardial hypertrophy

Enlargement of the heart secondary to 14 daily injections of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg) in the male albino rabbit results in an increase in actin-activated myosin ATPase, velocity of unloaded shortening and rate of isometric tension development. The contribution of the altered myosin to contractile efficiency is assessed by making temperature measurements on right ventricular papillary muscles from these hearts during isometric contraction. Measurement of tension dependent heat per unit of tension is derived from rapid myothermal measurements of initial heat, tension independent heat and isometric force. The tension dependent heat measurement is used to evaluate the crossbridge cycling in vivo and the contribution of the changes in the pattern of crossbridge cycling to the efficiency of tension development. In the thyrotoxic heart the peak twitch tension is 72% of normal while the tension dependent heat per unit tension is 175% of normal. This in vivo measurement correlates well with changes in in vitro actin-activated myosin ATPase measurements. Analysis of the data in terms of a model derived from rapid enzyme kinetics and mechanical transient analysis indicates that crossbridges from the thyrotoxic hypertrophy myosin cycle faster and stay attached to actin for a shorter period of time than normal myosin. This alteration in cycling pattern may be the basis for the inverse relationship between myosin ATPase activity and the efficiency of tension development.
Tick Size and Trading Costs: NYSE vs. Nasdaq

Theory suggests that a reduction in tick size will cause spreads to narrow on the NYSE due to the time priority rule which encourages specialists and traders to improve price. The effect of tick size on spreads is likely to be small in dealer markets (such as Nasdaq) because dealers have little incentive to improve price. Our empirical results show that the tick size reduction has no impact on the spread of Nasdaq issues that were not subjected to the new order handling rules (OHR). In contrast, the tick size reduction has a significant effect on the spread of NYSE issues and Nasdaq issues that were subjected to the OHR. These results indicate that the new OHR compel Nasdaq dealers and limit order traders to compete on price to obtain order flow. We find that the tick size change has a significant effect on the quoted depth of NYSE issues, but no effect on the quoted depth of Nasdaq issues. Our results indicate that decimalization is likely to narrow spreads, decrease dealer payments for order flow, and reduce order preferencing arrangements.
Effect of statin use on biochemical outcome following radical prostatectomy.

Study Type – Prognosis (retrospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Statin use may reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Studies also suggest that the protective effect of statins may be beneficial for prostate cancer patients following treatment. Statin users may also have lower PSA than non-users. Our study agrees with the findings that statin users may have lower PSA than non-users. Contrary to the findings that statins are protective in prostate cancer this study shows no benefit and possible worse biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy. OBJECTIVE • To determine the relationship between statin use and biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS • A retrospective analysis was performed on 3198 RP patients between 1990 and 2008. • Exclusion criteria were neo-adjuvant or adjuvant therapy, follow-up <2 years, and insufficient pathological or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) data. • Statin use was determined from the patient’s record. Clinical and pathological variables were compared between statin users and non-users. • Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the effect of statin use on BCR. RESULTS • A total of 1261 patients fit criteria for analysis. There were 281 (22%) statin users. Mean age was 60 years and median follow-up was 36 months (mean 43 months). • Statin users had a lower median preoperative PSA (6.4) compared with non-users (7.1) (P < 0.05). In all, 80% of statin users had a pathological Gleason sum ≥7 compared with 67% of non-users (P < 0.05). • On multivariate analysis, statin use was an independent predictor of BCR (hazard ratio 1.54, P < 0.05). Statin users had a lower 5-year BCR-free survival compared with non-users (75% vs 84%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS • Statin users are at an increased risk for BCR following RP. This finding may be due to the reduction in preoperative PSA potentially delaying diagnosis and/or masking aggressive disease. • Further studies are necessary to elucidate the impact of statin medications following prostate cancer therapy.
Studies on the properties of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

Abstract The effects of various chemical and enzymatic treatments on the biological activity of porcine luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), which were performed before the elucidation of the structure of this hormone, are described. LH-RH activity was abolished by the following endopeptidases: chymotrypsin, subtilisin, papain, and thermolysin, but not by pepsin or trypsin. Exopeptidases did not affect LH-RH activity, but a purified preparation of pyrolidone carboxylpeptidase did. Treatment with various chemical reagents showed that tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, and arginine in LH-RH are important for its biological activity. Nitrous acid and Edman degradation did not inactivate LH-RH. The results are in agreement with the determined structure of LH-RH. This hormone also showed a high follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone activity. The inactivation of LH-RH was always accompanied by a loss of follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone activity. These experiments also shed some light on the structure-activity relationship of this hormone.
Does “difficult patient” status contribute to de facto demedicalization? The case of borderline personality disorder

A diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often signals the quintessential "difficult patient" status to clinicians, with at least one scholar arguing the condition itself was created to name and group difficult patients. While patients who are deemed difficult are often dispreferred for care, does this have an impact on their overall status as medicalized patients who have successfully achieved a sick role? This study relies on (n = 22) in-depth interviews with mental health clinicians in the United States from 2012 to evaluate how they describe patients with BPD, how the diagnosis of BPD affects the treatment clinicians are willing to provide, and the implications for patients. My findings suggest patients with BPD are routinely labeled "difficult," and subsequently routed out of care through a variety of direct and indirect means. This process creates a functional form of demedicalization where the actual diagnosis of BPD remains de jure medicalized, but the de facto or treatment component of medicalization is harder to secure for patients.
High Dietary Protein and Taurine Increase Cysteine Desulfhydration in Kittens

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary protein and taurine on cysteine desulfhydration in various kitten tissues. Cysteine desulfhydration was assessed in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, brain and jejunum of kittens fed one of the following diets for 5 wk: 20% protein, 0% taurine diet (LP0T); 20% protein, 0.15% taurine diet (LPNT); 60% protein, 0% taurine diet (HP0T); and 60% protein, 0.15% taurine diet (HPNT). Cats fed LP0T and HP0T had been fed a taurine-free diet for 10 wk before the 5-wk experiment. The activity of cysteine desulfhydration was determined by measuring the production of H(2)(35)S from (35)S-cysteine in the presence and absence of alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) in the incubation medium. Liver and kidney had the highest total activities among the tissues tested (P < 0.01). Total hepatic desulfhydration activities [micromol H(2)S/(min. kg body wt)] in cats fed LP0T, LPNT, HP0T and HPNT were (mean +/- SEM) 117 +/- 6, 135 +/- 10, 137 +/- 10 and 190 +/- 9, respectively. Dietary taurine had a significant effect on activity when expressed per gram liver (P < 0.01), per gram protein (P < 0.05) and per kilogram body weight (P < 0.001). Dietary protein had a significant effect (P < 0.001) only when activity was expressed relative to body weight because of the significant effect of protein on relative liver weight. The direct pathway via cysteine desulfhydrase appears to be the major route of cysteine desulfhydration in kitten liver because the values obtained in the absence of alphaKG were 81-88% of those obtained in the presence of alphaKG.
Science, practice, and human errors in controlling Clostridium botulinum in heat-preserved food in hermetic containers.

The incidence of botulism in canned food in the last century is reviewed along with the background science; a few conclusions are reached based on analysis of published data. There are two primary aspects to botulism control: the design of an adequate process and the delivery of the adequate process to containers of food. The probability that the designed process will not be adequate to control Clostridium botulinum is very small, probably less than 1.0 x 10 ―6 , based on containers of food, whereas the failure of the operator of the processing equipment to deliver the specified process to containers of food may be of the order of 1 in 40, to 1 in 100, based on processing units (retort loads). In the commercial food canning industry, failure to deliver the process will probably be of the order of 1.0 x 10 ―4 to 1.0 × 10 ―6 when U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations are followed. Botulism incidents have occurred in food canning plants that have not followed the FDA regulations. It is possible but very rare to have botulism result from postprocessing contamination. It may thus be concluded that botulism incidents in canned food are primarily the result of human failure in the delivery of the designed or specified process to containers of food that, in turn, result in the survival, outgrowth, and toxin production of C. botulinum spores. Therefore, efforts in C. botulinum control should be concentrated on reducing human errors in the delivery of the specified process to containers of food.
Psoriasis and the obesity epidemic: the effect of weight loss.

Man�s desire to control chronic disease inevitably turns to how diet could affect the disease state; we would purport that this notion is likely related to the common wisdom �you are what you eat.� Since even before the now widely appreciated association between obesity and psoriasis, the effect of weight loss on the management of psoriasis has been under consideration. Soon after World War II, Simons1 reported observations of 13 subjects with psoriasis who were imprisoned in Japanese starvation camps in Java. He noted that weight loss and disease severity were inconsistent in these persons. The more recent associations of psoriasis and obesity�increased risk of onset of psoriasis, more of the body surface affected with disease, increased risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and increased cardiovascular risk�establish that obesity has a very negative impact on psoriasis.2- 3 Furthermore, these associations are strongly supported by the often dramatic response of psoriasis and PsA to treatment with agents that target tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the fact that TNF has a strong association with obesity: levels of TNF increase and decrease, respectively, with weight gain and weight loss.4
Experimental histamine pruritus. I. Influence of physical and psychological factors on threshold reactivity.

Itching is by far the most common symptom experienced by patients with skin diseases. It may occur in many clinically unrelated syndromes and is often severe when clinical evidence of inflammation is absent. The symptom is particularly common and severe in the various cutaneous manifestations of psychosomatic origin. It is especially important, therefore, that both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of itching be subjected to investigative studies.
Prediabetes: prediction and prevention trials

Recent introduction of well-characterized and -standardized antibodies tests has improved the feasibility of immunologic screening for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Prediction based on HLA genetic screening followed by cytoplasmic-islet-antibodies testing of individuals at increased genetic risk is efficient, but misses those with a low-risk genotype who develop T1D. Several prospective studies are following individuals at increased risk for T1D. Prevention strategies include eliminating exposure to triggering factors (primary prevention) or arresting autoimmune phenomena before the clinical disease (secondary prevention). Scant available data on triggering mechanisms of the autoimmune process limit the feasibility of primary prevention strategies. Major studies of secondary prevention include the administration of insulin, nicotinamide, or vitamin D, none of which have been successful.
Putative androgen receptors distinguished in wild-type and testicular-feminized (tfm) mice.

Abstract The reduced level of putative androgen receptor in the mouse mutant, testicular feminization ( Tfm ), chromatographs on DNA-cellulose differently from the bulk of wild-type receptors. While the elution maximum for extracts of Tfm /Y kidney is in the 180–190 mM NaCl range, wild-type kidney extracts exhibit two maxima of elution at 140–150 mM NaCl and 180–190 mM NaCl, respectively. For hypothalamus-preoptic area, Tfm /Y has one elution maximum at approximately 180 mM NaCl, while the wild-type exhibits a major elution maximum at 140–150 mM NaCl, with a minor peak at approximately 180 mM NaCl. Mixing experiments between wild-type and Tfm /Y cytosols reveal that the different characteristic elution patterns are intrinsic to the binding complexes and are not conveyed simply by other soluble factors. The distinctive pattern for Tfm indicates that the mutation does not cause merely a reduced level of wild-type receptor. Rather the residual receptor of the mutant may be either an abnormal protein or a minor form of wild-type receptor, not readily seen in wild-type tissue due to the presence of more preponderant species. Differences in the elution profiles of androgen receptor species of wild-type kidney with the two bound androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are also presented. A model of the androgen receptor system is proposed which includes several binding classes for androgen ligands and metabolites. In light of aromatization of androgens to estrogens and its probable role in some androgenic responses, we include the "estrogen receptor" in this mechanism.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of treatment-related central nervous system damage

Neurologic and neuropsychologic treatment related sequelae are increasingly encountered in children with cancer, but conventional means of neurologic investigation are insensitive to the presence and extent of damage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown brain damage not demonstrable by other means of investigation. For this reason, 11 children with cancer and with nontumor-related neurologic dysfunction were studied on a 1.5 Tesla MRI unit. All had concurrent computed tomography (CT). MRI abnormalities were seen in all (100%) patients. In 10 of 11 patients, abnormalities were of greater extent on MRI than on CT. White matter changes were frequently seen on MRI without corresponding CT abnormality. Those patients with the most severe forms of neurologic compromise had the most extensive changes on MRI. Focal neurologic findings correlated well with regions of focal signal change. Milder forms of neurologic compromise occurred in patients with definite, but less extensive, periventricular and/or subcortical change on MRI. MRI is more sensitive than CT in demonstrating treatment-related neurologic damage in children with cancer, and the type of change seen on MRI seems to correlate well with the type and severity of neurologic dysfunction present.
Automated gas burette system for evolved hydrogen measurements

This paper reports a simple and efficient gas burette system that allows automated determination of evolved gas volume in real time using only temperature and pressure measurements. The system is reliable and has been used successfully to study the hydrogen release kinetics of ammonia borane thermolysis. The system is especially suitable for bench scale studies involving small batches and potentially rapid reaction kinetics.
Leptospirosis Complicated by a Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Case Report

Leptospirosis, severe infection due to Leptospira interrogans, is a potentially lethal disease that causes multiple organ failure. In addition to hepatic, renal, and CNS involvement, which are classic complications of leptospirosis, the disease may also be complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome. Treatment with penicillin may precipitate a severe Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The mechanisms of Leptospira-induced toxicity remain obscure. We report a near-fatal case of leptospirosis in a patient who developed a JHR and respiratory failure immediately after initiation of therapy.
Death Certificate Categorization of Malignant Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma in a Cohort of Asbestos Insulation Workers

Accuracy of diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (pleural and peritoneal) was studied in a cohort of asbestos insulation workers in the United States and Canada. Initial clinical diagnosis, clinical diagnosis at death and death certificate diagnosis were compared with the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma ascertained by full data review at the Division of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York ('best evidence'). In both groups the death certificate diagnosis was somewhat less frequently accurate than clinical diagnosis at death. Knowledge of the patients' occupational history by the attending physician and its relation to accuracy of diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is considered.
Effect of the extent of cure on the modulus, glass transition, water absorption, and density of an amine-cured epoxy

The modulus, density, glass transition temperature (Tg), and water absorption characteristics of an amine-cured resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Epon 828)/diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)] were studied as a function of extent of cure. The glass transition is a function of the extent of cure and reaches a maximum temperature, T, when it is completely cured; specimens with different extents of cure were formed by isothermal cure below T, for different times. After slowly cooling, the density at each extent of cure was obtained at room temperature. Moisture absorption was monitored gravimetrically at 25°C for 2 months at several humidity levels. The room temperature density and modulus decreased with increasing extent of conversion whereas the glass transition temperature and equilibrium water absorption increased. The equilibrium water absorption increased linearly with relative humidity, and the absorptivity increased linearly with specific volume. An interpretation of these anomalous results is made in terms of the nonequilibrium nature of the glassy state. The glass transition temperature increases as the extent of cure increases resulting in a material that is further from equilibrium at room temperature and therefore has more free volume and a greater propensity to absorb water.
Some Neglected Factors in Law-Making.

An obscure member of a legislative body dictates to his stenographer a document called a bill and submits it to the legislature. The bill goes through all the various stages provided, receives on its way more or less desultory discussion, mostly of an ex parte character, is adopted by a legislature, of whose members a majority have but the slightest, if any, acquaintance with its contents; is signed by the governor, and now has become a part of the law of the land.In some law report, I find that a learned and famous judge, speaking on behalf of his brethren of the bench, with whom he has first consulted, enunciates a certain unfamiliar rule as being the law of the land. The court has come to this conclusion, not hastily nor without a serious attempt to understand the rule in all its possible bearings, but after careful study, assisted by the written and oral arguments of able counsel, who on their part have made an elaborate and profound study of the question, from differing points of view. Moreover, the question had already been considered, with hardly less thoroughness, in the court from which the case was appealed.
Effects of stuttering severity and therapy involvement on attitudes towards people who stutter

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore whether stuttering severity or therapy involvement had an effect on the attitudes that individuals who do not stutter reported towards people who stutter (PWS). Two hundred and sixty (260) university students participated in this study. Direct survey procedures consisting of a 25-item semantic differential scale were utilized. Comparisons of the effects of stuttering severity, level of therapy involvement, and the interaction of these variables were completed. Results suggested that both stuttering severity and therapy involvement had significant effects on participants’ attitudes towards PWS. Findings of this study support past research studies that has found that individuals who stutter mildly are perceived more positively than those who are severe. Similarly, the data supported past research that has found that PWS that attend therapy are perceived more positively than those who do not attend therapy. Surprisingly, the interaction of these variables was not significant. Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (1) explain the possible effects of listeners’ attitudes toward stuttering on the lives of PWS; (2) discuss how different factors might alter listeners’ attitudes towards stuttering; (3) delineate how stuttering severity and involvement in therapy might impact listeners’ attitudes towards PWS.
Computational characterization of surfaces of model graphene systems

Abstract A series of two-dimensional sheets of hexagonal carbon rings, with hydrogens around the edges, has been investigated computationally as models for graphene. Bond distances were optimized at the density functional SVWN/6-31G ∗ level, and then HF/STO-5G electrostatic potentials and local ionization energies were calculated on the systems' surfaces. The potentials above the carbon rings are uniformly weakly negative, especially in the central portions of the systems. Overall, the analysis suggests low reactivity for these regions. On the other hand, certain of the outermost C–C bonds are expected to have considerable double bond character.
Understanding the importance of location, time, and people in mobile local search behavior

People often search for local information (e.g., a restaurant, store, gas station, or attraction) from their mobile device. We show, via a survey of 929 mobile searchers at a large software company, that local searches tend to be highly contextual, influenced by geographic features, temporal aspects, and the searcher's social context. While location was reported to be very important, respondents looked for information about places close to their current location only 40% of the time. Instead, they were often in transit (68% of our searchers) and wanted information related to their destination (27% of searchers), en route to their destination (12%), or near their destination (12%). Additionally, 63% of our participants' mobile local searches took place within a social context and were discussed with someone else. We discuss these findings to present a picture of how location, time, and social context impact mobile local searches.
Mr. Wrigley's Ball Club: Chicago & the Cubs during the Jazz Age. By Roberts Ehrgott. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2013. Pp. ix, 485. $34.95.)

The Chicago Cubs of the late 1920s and early 1930s, with stars such as Roger Hornsby, Lewis “Hack” Wilson, and Leo Hartnett, fielded some of the best teams in baseball. Despite having one of the hi...
Concave Butterfly‐Shaped Organometallic Hydrocarbons?

A metamorphosis of the tetraethynyl precursor 1 through double Cu-catalyzed ring closure leads to the corresponding butterfly-shaped cyclobutadiene complexes 2 in high yield (94 %). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the large organic ligand is distinctly nonplanar with a concave topology. Cp=cyclopentadiene.
Reflection of transient plane step-stress waves: Some considerations of orthotropy and thermoelasticity

Governing transient equations and (dimensionless) wave speeds for isotropic and orthotropic solids, and for isothermal and thermoelastic cases, are presented. For the orthotropic solid, propagation occurs in a principal plane. The thermoelastic cases treat Fourier heat flow and thermal relaxation, and stressand temperature-step waves of a class that does not exhibit attenuation and dispersion. Reflection of incident step-waves by a half-space surface is then treated. Situations vary in the combinations of model features noted above. Isotropic limit cases of orthotropic results are also examined, for isothermal and thermoelastic situations. Finally, restrictions on angles of incidence and reflection due to anisotropy are identified, and some related calculations presented.
Interaction of vitamin B1 (thiamine hydrochloride) with Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in dueterated dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract The interactions of Vitamin B 1 with Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) have been studied in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature, employing ir, 1 H nmr and 13 C nmr techniques. These group 2B metal ions seem to bind directly to the Vitamin B 1 through N-3′ position of the pyrimidine ring (see Fig. 1). The interactions between Vitamin B 1 and these metal ions seem to be reasonably strong as reflected in the small upfield chemical shifts observed in 1 H nmr and downfield chemical shifts observed in 13 C nmr. Fig. 1. Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B 1 ).
The Nearest Neighbors Appraisal Technique: An Alternative to the Adjustment Grid Methods

This study presents a new appraisal technique, dubbed the Nearest Neighbors Appraisal Technique, which vastly reduces the subjectivity of the traditional adjustment grid methods while eliminating the need to adjust for subject-comparable differences on a piecemeal basis. Any number of appraisers who apply this technique to the same property at the same point in time will get the exact same estimate of value. The technique avoids piecemeal adjustments by capturing all subject-comparable differences in a single measure. Using single-family sales data, the technique is found to be more accurate than any of the adjustment grid methods and hedonic price regression estimation procedures.
Impact of HIPPY on home learning environments of Latino families

This study investigated effects of Home Instruction of Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY), a paraprofessional home visiting program, on parents and children. The program site served low-income, Spanish-speaking families. On average, mothers were 31 years old (SD = 4.78) and children were 3 or 4 years old (M = 3.92, SD = .92). Participants (n = 54) had more parenting self-efficacy and more enriched home environments than families on a waiting list (n = 54). In a regression on home environment, participation in the intervention was a stronger predictor than maternal education, depression, and stress. A third-grade follow-up of children in the program showed significantly higher math achievement when compared to low-income Latino third graders in the same school district. These findings appear to validate the HIPPY model, which suggests that parents gain confidence as their children's teachers through their experiences in the program. HIPPY successfully addresses the need for culturally sensitive programming aimed at improving educational achievement among minority children.
Light and electron microscopic description of a colorless euglenoid, Serpenomonas costata n. g., n. sp.

ABSTRACT. A new genus of rigid, colorless, phagotrophic euglenoid is described from a standing pond on a salt marsh. The cell body measures 21–25 μm long, is about 18 μm wide, has a slight dorso-ventral flattening, and is marked by distinct pellicular ridges. The organism, described as Serpenomonas costata, has two unequal, antapically inserted, heterodynamic flagella. The shorter flagellum is anteriorly directed during swimming and the longer one trails posteriorly. Cells move along the substrate with a creeping motion. The ingestion apparatus is composed of separate ribs extending the length of the cell and is incorporated into the ventral pellicular ridge. The apparatus is independent of the canal and reservoir and is not protrusible. The taxonomic affinities of Serpenomonas with other euglenoids are discussed.
Comments on the shape of pores induced in lunar fines by adsorbed water

One of the most interesting aspects of the surface chemistry of lunar fines is the alteration of their surface characteristics by adsorbed water. This alteration is most evident as a marked increase in specific surface area and creation of a pore system that gives rise to a capillary condensation hysteresis loop in the isotherms (e.g., for nitrogen adsorption). This alteration has been attributed to an interaction of adsorbed water with damage tracks caused by energetic charged particles. An attempt is made to state, clearly and concisely, reasons for believing that a slit-shaped pore system is incompatible with the experimental results for lunar fines. (auth)
Polyazanaphthylene nucleosides II. Synthesis of β‐D‐ribofuranosyl derivatives of 4‐quinazolone

The preparation of N1 (2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-quinazolone (6) and N3-β-D-ribofuranosyI-4-quinazolone (3b) are reported. The N3 derivative was prepared by the direct condensation of 4-trimethylsilyloxyquinazoline (2) and 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D- ribofuranosyl bromide. The N1 derivative was prepared from the previously reported N1 -β-D-ribofuranosyl-2,4-quinazolinedione via the cyclonucleoside 4.
Early Diagnosis of Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia in an Open-Access Medical System

Introduction Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of cholestatic jaundice in infancy. Early diagnosis and surgical management, ideally before 60 days of age, result in improved outcomes. We aimed to determine the age at diagnosis of BA in the Military Health System (MHS) and to compare the age at diagnosis by access to care models. We hypothesized that children with BA receiving primary care in military facilities have an earlier age at diagnosis due to decreased economic and access barriers. Methods Data for all Tricare enrollees born in fiscal years 2004–2008 with a diagnosis of BA were extracted from MHS databases. Non-parametric tests, Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank tests compared differences in age at diagnosis by type of primary care facility, gender, prematurity and presence of additional anomalies. Results 64 subjects were identified within the five year period. Median age at diagnosis was 40 days [range 1–189], with 67% diagnosed by 60 days and 80% by 90 days. 45 (70%) received civilian primary care within the MHS. There was no difference in the median age at diagnosis between subjects in the MHS with civilian primary care vs. military primary care (37 days [1–188] vs. 46 days [1–189]; p = 0.58). Conclusion In the MHS, two-thirds of infants with biliary atresia are diagnosed prior to 60 days of life. Gender, prematurity or presence of additional anomalies do not affect the timing of diagnosis. Civilian and military primary care models within the MHS make timely diagnoses of biliary atresia at equivalent rates.
Different Combinations of Regulatory Elements May Account For Expression of the Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Gene in Primate and Horse Placenta

Expression of the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit gene occurs in the pituitaries of all mammals and in the placentas of primates and horses. In humans, tandem cAMP response elements (CREs), located in the proximal promoter-regulatory region of the α-subunit gene, act together with an adjacent upstream regulatory element to confer placenta-specific expression. Here, we report that the α-subunit genes of Old World Monkeys contain a single functional CRE. This suggests that tandem CREs are unique to higher primates and humans and are not absolutely required for placenta-specific expression. In contrast, the comparable promoter-regulatory region of the horse α-subunit gene lacks a functional CRE but appears to retain a functional upstream regulatory element. This suggests that acquisition of placenta-specific expression of the αsubunit gene occurred independently in these distantly related mammals. As a result, different combinations of cis-acting elements may explain why expression of the α-subunit gene only ...