cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interleaved Ultrawideband Antenna Arrays Based on Optimized Polyfractal Tree Structures

There is considerable interest in interleaving multiple phased array antennas into a single common aperture system. Current phased array antenna technology is limited to narrowband operation, leading to the appearance of grating lobes and strong mutual coupling effects when they are incorporated into the design of a common aperture system. To overcome this obstacle, a new class of arrays, called polyfractal arrays, has been introduced that possess natural wideband properties well suited for large-scale genetic algorithm optimizations. These arrays also possess recursive beamforming properties and an autopolyploidy-based chromosome expansion that can dramatically accelerate the convergence of a genetic algorithm. In addition, a robust Pareto optimization can be applied to reduce the peak sidelobe levels at several frequencies throughout the intended operating band, leading to ultrawideband antenna array designs. Because of their lack of grating lobes, these polyfractal arrays are ideal building blocks for interleaved antenna array systems. This paper develops these concepts, first creating ultrawideband array designs based on polyfractal geometries and then interleaving these designs into a common aperture system. Several examples of interleaved systems are discussed, with one two-array system possessing a peak sidelobe level of nearly -18 dB with no grating lobes over a 20:1 bandwidth with either of the component array mainbeams steered independently up to 60° from broadside.
Power, Authority, and Accountability

One of the central themes of this book is that responsibility is a very personal affair and that, translated into the world of business, the responsibility that a particular manager is able to exercise is in direct ratio to the degree of authority that the manager can use in order to implement what he or she feels to be right.
The antivascular action of physiotherapy ultrasound on murine tumors.

This study was aimed at determining if physiotherapy ultrasound (US) affected the fragile and leaky angiogenic blood vessels in a tumor. In 22 C3HV/HeN mice, a subcutaneous melanoma (K173522) was insonated (1, 2 or 3 min) with continuous 1-MHz low-intensity (spatial-average temporal-average = 2.28 W cm−2), physiotherapy US. Contrast-enhanced (0.1 mL Optison®) power Doppler US observations were made and histogram analyses of the images were performed. Before insonation, all but 7% of the tumor was perfused. The avascular area in tumors receiving 3-min treatment increased to 82% (p < 0.001). A linear regression analysis showed that each min of insonation led to a 25% reduction in tumor vascularity; the antivascular activity persisted for 24 h. Histology demonstrated disruption of vascular walls and tumor cell death in areas of vascular congestion and thrombosis. Physiotherapy US particularly targeted the vascular structures, and the effects on tumor cells appeared to be secondary to the resultant ischemia. (E-mail: sehgalc@uphs.upenn.edu)
Cerebral anoxia: an improved in vitro model for biochemical study.

A previously described in vitro model for cerebral anoxia has been modified to ensure vitality of the rabbit brain slices. The oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere was provided by a continuous gas flow system. Amino acid incorporation into proteins was studied during recovery periods up to 60 minutes. An initial decrease of incorporation and subsequent recovery were observed after an anoxic period of five minutes. On the other hand, a marked decrease and only partial recovery were seen after anoxic periods of 15 minutes or longer. No consistent change was observed in acid-soluble radioactivity. This in vitro model appears to be feasible for various biochemical studies of cerebral anoxia.
Viscoplastic response and modeling of asphalt-aggregate mixes

The strain response of asphalt-aggregate mixes to applied stresses is decomposed additively into a viscoelastic part and a viscoplastic part. The paper focuses on the response and modeling of the viscoplastic component; it includes the development of a multiaxial constitutive formulation that is capable of generating: (i) strain hardening when the loading is applied in one direction; (ii) strain softening immediately after stress reversals; (iii) volumetric changes under uniaxial conditions or isotropic conditions, or both; and (iv) directional non-symmetry. In order to investigate the model’s capabilities, four tests were performed sequentially on one asphalt sample. The tests were limited to pre-peak conditions and one temperature and consisted of creep and recovery sequences in uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, isotropic compression and uniaxial tension-compression. Analysis of the results showed that the new theory, once calibrated, was able to adequately reproduce the viscoplastic strain component; its forecastability, however, was found limited.
Holocene Pacific–North American plate interaction in southern Alaska: Implications for the Yakataga seismic gap

The St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake (magnitude 7.1 M s ) on February 28, 1979, occurred along the complex Pacific–North American plate boundary between Yakutat Bay and Prince William Sound, rupturing only a fraction of the seismic gap identified in that region. To aid in evaluating the potential for, and likely site of, a future earthquake occurring in the remainder of the gap, we have formulated a kinematic model of neotectonic deformation in southern Alaska from available geologic and seismic data. In this model the part of the North American plate bordering on the Gulf of Alaska is divided into three subblocks, which are partially coupled to the Pacific plate. On the basis of the model, the gap-filling rupture or ruptures would most likely be along the north-dipping thrust faults of the Pamplona zone between Icy Bay and the eastern end of the Aleutian Trench. If the accumulated strain of 3.8 m postulated for this region were released suddenly in one event involving the remainder of the gap, the result would be an earthquake as large as magnitude 8.
SRM targeted proteomics in search for biomarkers of HCV-induced progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis in HALT-C patients

The current gold standard for diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis is the traditional invasive liver biopsy. It is desirable to assess hepatic fibrosis with noninvasive means. Targeted proteomic techniques allow an unbiased assessment of proteins and might be useful to identify proteins related to hepatic fibrosis. We utilized selected reaction monitoring (SRM) targeted proteomics combined with an organ-specific blood protein strategy to identify and quantify 38 liver-specific proteins. A combination of protein C and retinol-binding protein 4 in serum gave promising preliminary results as candidate biomarkers to distinguish patients at different stages of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Also, alpha-1-B glycoprotein, complement factor H and insulin-like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit performed well in distinguishing patients from healthy controls.
Posterior Complex Contribution on Compression and Distraction Cervical Spine Behavior: A Finite Element Model

The relative contributions of the posterior elements on the human cervical spine behavior under axial compression and distraction were determined using the finite element modeling approach. This was accomplished by considering two structures: First, the intervertebral joint structure representing the anterior and posterior columns, including the C4–C6 vertebrae and the neighboring discs with the entire ligamentous complex; and second, the disc joint structure representing only the anterior column (vertebral bodies, discs and longitudinal ligaments). The anterior column sustained a higher share of the load than the posterior column under distraction. However, compression was shared equally among the anterior and the two posterior load bearing columns. The component internal stresses increased with posterior element removal. Consequently, inactivation or compromise in the posterior elements introduces additional internal loads or stresses in the anterior components which may accentuate degenerative changes or injure the cervical column. Thus, posterior complex integrity is critical for the load-carrying capacity of the cervical spine.
Muscle-tendon model with length-history dependent activation-velocity coupling

We developed and evaluated muscle-tendon models incorporating Hill-type structure and length dependent coupling between activation and velocity. Model parameters were estimated from experimental data collected during simultaneous modulation of length and stimulation inputs, and the isometric length-tension curve. A model with length-history dependent activation-velocity coupling predicted the behaviour of the muscle during random perturbations and during iso-velocity movements, including short range stiffness, post yield force drop, and steady force change following the force drop.
Switching to High Gear: Opportunities for Grand-Scale Real-Time Parallel Simulations

The recent emergence of dramatically large computational power, spanning desktops with multi-core processors and multiple graphics cards to supercomputers with 105 processor cores, has suddenly resulted in simulation-based solutions trailing behind in the ability to fully tap the new computational capacity. Here, we motivate the need for switching the parallel simulation research to a higher gear to exploit the new, immense levels of computational power. The potential for grand-scale real-time solutions is illustrated using preliminary results from prototypes in four example application areas: (a) state- or regional-scale vehicular mobility modeling, (b) very large-scale epidemic modeling, (c) modeling the propagation of wireless network signals in very large, cluttered terrains, and, (d) country- or world-scale social behavioral modeling. We believe the stage is perfectly poised for the parallel/distributed simulation community to envision and formulate similar grand-scale, real-time simulation-based solutions in many application areas.
Successive and Asymptotically Efficient Localization of Sensor Nodes in Closed-Form

Accurate localization of nodes in a sensor network is a crucial step before the sensor network can be utilized for various applications. This paper proposes a successive estimation method to self-localize the sensor nodes using time of arrival (TOA) measurements, through the aid of a few anchor nodes whose positions are known a priori. The successive nature of the proposed algorithm makes it attractive for distributed computation in a resource constrained environment. The proposed technique uses subsets of TOAs to obtain coarse sensor node estimates. Depending on available computation and transmission resources, the node positions are refined to improve their accuracies. The solution of the proposed node localization algorithm is algebraic and closed-form, which simplifies computation and avoids possible local convergence or divergence problems as in the traditional iterative approaches. A main benefit of the proposed algorithm is that although it is closed-form and performs successive estimation of the node locations, it is able to reach the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) accuracy under white Gaussian measurement noise with sufficient SNR. This is confirmed by the theoretical analysis and corroborated by simulations.
Maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: A Danish national birth cohort study.

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is the most commonly used pain and fever medication during pregnancy. Previously, a positive ecological correlation between acetaminophen use and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been reported but evidence from larger studies based on prospective data is lacking. We followed 64,322 children and mothers enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC; 1996–2002) for average 12.7 years to investigate whether acetaminophen use in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of ASD in the offspring. Information on acetaminophen use was collected prospectively from three computer-assisted telephone interviews. We used records from the Danish hospital and psychiatric registries to identify diagnoses of ASD. At the end of follow up, 1,027 (1.6%) children were diagnosed with ASD, 345 (0.5%) with infantile autism. We found that 31% of ASD (26% of infantile autism) have also been diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders. More than 50% women reported ever using acetaminophen in pregnancy. We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confident interval (CI). Prenatal use of acetaminophen was associated with an increased risk of ASD accompanied by hyperkinetic symptoms (HR = 1.51 95% CI 1.19–1.92), but not with other ASD cases (HR = 1.06 95% CI 0.92–1.24). Longer duration of use (i.e., use for >20 weeks in gestation) increased the risk of ASD or infantile autism with hyperkinetic symptoms almost twofold. Maternal use of acetaminophen in pregnancy was associated with ASD with hyperkinetic symptoms only, suggesting acetaminophen exposure early in fetal life may specifically impact this hyperactive behavioral phenotype. Autism Res 2016, 9: 951–958. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Get it in Writing: A Litigator's Perspective

A basic principle in both the business and legal worlds is violated on a daily basis by well-meaning people as well as those who are not so well-meaning. Notwithstanding the mantra of get it in writing, presumably sophisticated business people, executives, and the audience for this article - lawyers - still fail to confirm in writing important conversations, agreements, dates and events. The objective of this article is to encourage both attention to and compliance with this cardinal principle.
The Policy Consequences of Senate Involvement in the Selection of Judges in the United States Courts of Appeals

shaping the policy output of the judicial system because they render the final judgment in a large majority of the cases which go beyond the trial courts in the federal system. In this policy-making role, scholars now generally agree that the values and attitudes of the judges on the courts of appeals influence their decision in a number of cases. Those who are involved in the selection of judges for the courts of appeals are often concerned about judicial policy making and it would be reasonable to expect them to try to assure the selection of those who hold policy values similar to their own. Several studies of the selection process indicate that most presidents are concerned with the policy values of their judicial appointees, though other factors sometimes appear to weigh more heavily in their final choice of a nominee. Moreover, presidents appear to differ in the importance they place on finding judicial nominees who hold the "right" policy or ideological values.2 Although most presidents show at least some concern with trying to nominate candidates who share their general policy orientation, it is less clear what motivates senators in their involvement in the selection process for judges for the courts of appeals. There have been no systematic studies of why home state senators of the president's party propose particular candidates for nomination or why they resist some of the choices of the president. For senators to influence decisively the policy values which are held by federal appeals court judges they must be able to determine what the policy values of the nominees are, they must be concerned with those values, and they must be able at least to veto any unacceptable nominees of the president. Several studies have investigated the extent to which home state senators of the president's party are able to influence the selection of nominees. Chase argues that the practice of "senatorial courtesy" no longer means that a home state senator of the president's party need only "incant a few magic words like personally obnoxioux" to block a president's nominee. Instead, he must be prepared to fight, giving his reasons for opposing the nominee (Chase, 1972: 7). Although these general considerations on the meaning of senatorial courtesy apply for all lower court nominations, there seems to be general agreement that the balance of power shifts at least slightly in the president's direction when nominations for the courts of appeals rather than the district courts are being considered (Chase, 1972: 43; Goldman, 1967: 186-214; Grossman, 1965: 27). The greater relative power of the president partially results from the fact that at least some of
Nonlinear coherent optical imaging by stimulated radiation microscopy

The emerging stimulated radiation microscopy, including stimulated Raman scattering and stimulated emission, provides distinct and powerful image contrasts for non-fluorescent species. Here we present its principles and biomedical applications.
An Examination of Some Aspects of Knowledge-Assembly Theory

The present series of experiments examined the effects of the context of to-be-learned material on retention in light of the simultaneous activation formulation of knowledge-assembly theory. Experiment 1 manipulated the context of simple, declarative sentences through the use of cue words while controlling for words shared between sentence idea units and time of activation of idea units. Results indicated that context significantly influenced idea unit recall. Experiment 2 manipulated the context cues of pairs of sentences containing direct correspondence of content and found contextual cues to be powerful influences on recall of information. Experiment 3 controlled context and contrasted subjects’ recall of sentence pairs with and without direct correspondence and found no significant differences on any measure. Experiment 4 examined the effects of recency of activation on recall of idea units and found, in addition to a significantly greater amount of recall of meaningful context idea units, that as time between sentence idea units and cue words increased, so did recall. Experiment 5 examined recency of activation in sentence pairs containing direct correspondence of content. The results indicated that when distractor tasks were employed during the time interval between the presentation of the sentences in pairs, no significant differences were observed in recall associated with differing intervals of time between presentation of the sentences in pairs. Experiment 6 examined the effects of context on retention within paragraph structures, and results showed that context influenced recall.
Dermal Connective Tissue as the Foundation for Healthy-Looking Skin

Publisher Summary Although the aging process, photodamage, steroid use, etc., each produces a unique constellation of changes, they all result in damage to the connective tissue elements of the skin. This, in turn, speaks to the importance of the connective tissue in maintaining a healthy-appearing skin. The thin, frail skin of elderly individuals is prone to bruising and the bruises often form slow-healing or nonhealing lesions. Minor abrasions occur more frequently and take longer to heal. Chronic ulcers can develop, particularly on the lower extremities, with disastrous consequences in these patients. Anything that can be done to prevent connective tissue damage will benefit not only the appearance of the skin, but its basic function, as well. Research that has been conducted has provided definitive evidence that connective tissue damage in the skin—along with its attendant cosmetic and medical consequences—is not simply the inevitable result of living. Damage to the skin can be prevented or delayed, and accumulated damage can be (at least in part) reversed. Repairing skin damage has both cosmetic and medical benefits. Although damage to all of the matrix components occurs during aging and as a consequence of excess sun exposure, etc., because collagen is, by far, the most abundant extracellular matrix component in the skin, skin damage is largely collagen damage. This chapter also focuses on the pathophysiology of collagen destruction.
Parental reminiscing style and children’s suggestibility about an alleged transgression

Abstract We examined the links between parental elaborativeness and children’s suggestibility about a salient event, testing the hypothesis that, in an accuracy-focused context, children of elaborative parents are more resistant to false suggestions than children of less elaborative parents. Our hypothesis was supported: in a sample of 68 4–7 year-old children and caregivers, parent elaborativeness, along with children’s working memory, additively predicted resistance to false suggestions from an unfamiliar interviewer about peripheral details of an alleged transgression. Children were forthcoming about the transgression when it actually occurred and highly resistant to suggestions that the transgression took place when it did not. Results have implications for understanding how parents socialize children to resist suggestions in accuracy-focused contexts through everyday reminiscing practices. Implications for theories of narrative and memory development, and for applied contexts such as the legal system, are discussed.
Women, Genealogical Inheritance and Sufi Authority: The Female Saints of Seunagan, Indonesia

AbstractThis article examines the case of two female saints who resided and are buried in the Indonesian region of Seunagan, in the province of Aceh. The entwined genealogy and Sufi lineage that links these women to the broader family of Sufis who constitute the major figures in Seunagan’s Syattariyah Sufi path is patrilineal. Nonetheless, some residents of Seunagan suggest that Seunagan’s two female saints are able to transmit preternatural powers to their descendants. Such suggestions reveal a genealogical imagination that recognises the descent of esoteric knowledge and authority via female, as well as male, genealogical links. This genealogical imagination mediates the ways in which the devotees of these women understand the transmission of religious and political authority. The article argues that this form of ambilineal succession – that is, succession drawing on both matrilineal and patrilineal descent – is informed by broader patterns of matrilocality common in Aceh. Nonetheless, it also depends u...
“The Final Word”?: The Qurʾan and Karl Rahner in Dialogue

Muslim-Christian conversation has historically broken down over three Qur’anic objections to Christian doctrine. The Trinity, the Incarnation, and the Crucifixion all seem to be repudiated in Islamic scripture. Karl Rahner, one of the Catholic scholars who drove Vatican II’s theological agenda, did not comment much on Islam, so putting him in dialogue with a tradition about which he was relatively uniformed might initially seem strange. Nevertheless, and perhaps because of his distance from Islam, his thought might allow fresh angles with which to approach these core difficulties. In particular, his concept of divine modalities—which for him render Christianity “radically” monotheistic—makes him a useful dialogue partner for Islam, one of whose primary tenants is that God is one and not three. His focus on Logos theology gives him an inroad to the Qur’anic explanation of Christ as “the word of God.” Finally, his “theology from below” allows for an experiential rather than metaphysical understanding of God’s presence amongst humanity. This paper offers a Rahnerian grounding from which to approach the doctrine of God in Muslim-Christian dialogue.
Multiple Genes Cause Postmating Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation in the Drosophila virilis Group.

Understanding the genetic basis of speciation is a central problem in evolutionary biology. Studies of reproductive isolation have provided several insights into the genetic causes of speciation, especially in taxa that lend themselves to detailed genetic scrutiny. Reproductive barriers have usually been divided into those that occur before zygote formation (prezygotic) and after (postzygotic), with the latter receiving a great deal of attention over several decades. Reproductive barriers that occur after mating but before zygote formation [postmating prezygotic (PMPZ)] are especially understudied at the genetic level. Here, I present a phenotypic and genetic analysis of a PMPZ reproductive barrier between two species of the Drosophila virilis group: D. americana and D. virilis. This species pair shows strong PMPZ isolation, especially when D. americana males mate with D. virilis females: ∼99% of eggs laid after these heterospecific copulations are not fertilized. Previous work has shown that the paternal loci contributing to this incompatibility reside on two chromosomes, one of which (chromosome 5) likely carries multiple factors. The other (chromosome 2) is fixed for a paracentric inversion that encompasses nearly half the chromosome. Here, I present two results. First, I show that PMPZ in this species cross is largely due to defective sperm storage in heterospecific copulations. Second, using advanced intercross and backcross mapping approaches, I identify genomic regions that carry genes capable of rescuing heterospecific fertilization. I conclude that paternal incompatibility between D. americana males and D. virilis females is underlain by four or more genes on chromosomes 2 and 5.
"Smart Ships": Mobile Applications, Cloud and Bigdata on Marine Traffic for Increased Safety and Optimized Costs Operations

The increasing maritime traffic, due to worldwide trade, tends to increase the risk of wrecks, collisions and contacts between ships, producing sinking with high economical costs, major environmental impacts and unfortunately the loss of lives. There is continuous news in the media reporting about these issues. Governments, captains, vessel traffic centres, harbors, safety and rescue forces need better tools to prevent accidents, increase safety and optimize operational costs. In this review, current key technologies used on ships and shore stations are displayed and it is shown how new smart technologies on vessels and the use of big data and analytic tools could improve the safety of the sailors. Unmanned/Remote Pilot Ships are going to be introduced, too and finally the Sail tracker project, the initial development of a smart ship solution to upload and share information to the cloud to be used by cognitive and analytic tools.
Neurology Resident Comfort with Ethics and Professionalism (P2.360)

Objective: We sought to evaluate neurology residents’ perception of competence and degree of personal stress in ethically challenging clinical situations. Background: The ACGME mandates that neurology residents demonstrate competency in bioethics, palliative care, and interpersonal communication. There is a dearth of information in the efficacy of training in these topics at the residency level. Methods: Adult and pediatric neurology residents and neurology/psychiatry double board residents at our institution were asked to complete a survey exploring their subjective comfort level and proficiency in handling four ethically challenging clinical scenarios commonly encountered in neurology practice: 1)Breaking bad news; 2)Disclosing medical errors; 3)Discussing prognosis in critically ill patients; and 4)Discussing code status. Results: The survey was completed by 49[percnt] (19) of 39 residents. 42[percnt] (8) of respondents reported no prior formal training in management of ethically challenging clinical situations. 84[percnt] (16) of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that at least one of the situations was stressful. Only 37[percnt] (5) of respondents felt competent in all four scenarios. The scenario that the most respondents (68[percnt], 13) found stressful was disclosing medical errors. Similarly, the fewest (42[percnt], 8) respondents felt proficient at handling this scenario. The scenario that the most respondents (79[percnt], 15) felt proficient at was discussing code status. Only 21[percnt] (4) of respondents found this scenario to be stressful. Conclusions: Neurology residents at our institution report a low level of comfort with and proficiency at handling ethically challenging clinical situations, particularly in relation to disclosing medical errors. Residents may benefit from a formal didactic curriculum in ethics and professionalism. Disclosure: Dr. Trevick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gowda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Geller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pleninger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lewis has nothing to disclose.
Search and caching mechanisms for web and peer-to-peer networks

Web prefetching is a technique that allows the web servers to update the web caches with fresh version of the selected objects. In an environment where the web objects are subject to frequent change and the cached objects become obsolete from time to time, web prefetching can be used to improve the cache responsiveness to user requests, however, at the cost of extra bandwidth. The selection of objects to prefetch (prefetching algorithm) thus becomes a key issue in this technique. This thesis proposed a family of greedy algorithms intended to improve the respective performance metrics under consideration---the hit rate, the bandwidth, or the H/B ratio. These greedy algorithms all perform better than any existing algorithms in terms of the metrics they aim at and they all have linear time complexity. As H/B-Greedy is not optimal in terms of H/B metric, we also proposed an expected linear time randomized algorithm H/B-Optimal prefetching that achieves the maximum H/B ratio given the number of objects to prefetch. Simulations confirmed our hypothesis that H/B-Greedy performs almost as well as H/B-Optimal . P2P network is composed of nodes that share their storage, CPU and link bandwidth with other peers. In the second part of the thesis, we provided two mathematical models to analyze the mechanism and performance of various querying approaches in unstructured P2P networks. We also proposed refined analysis models for unguided searches in random graph overlay. The comparison of computational results from original models and refined models confirms that the refined models improve the accuracy and come out to be closer to the simulations.
Impact of Experimental Timescale and Geometry on Thin-Film Thermal Property Measurements

Integrated circuits require effective removal of increasing heat fluxes from active regions. Thermal conduction strongly influences the performance of micromachined devices including thermal actuators, Peltier-effect coolers, and bolometers. The simulation of these devices requires thermal property data for the thin-film materials from which they are made. While there are many measurement techniques available, it is often difficult to identify the most appropriate for a device. This article reviews thin-film thermal characterization methods with an emphasis on identifying the properties extracted by the techniques. The characteristic timescale of heating and the geometry of the experimental structure govern the sensitivity of the data to the in-plane and out-of-plane conductivities, the volumetric heat capacity, and the interface resistances of the film. Measurement timescales and geometry also dictate the material volume probed most sensitively within the film. This article uses closed-form and numerical modeling to classify techniques according to the properties they measure. Examples of reliably extracted properties are provided for some experimental configurations. This article simplifies the process of choosing the best characterization technique for a given application in microdevice thermal design.
Leadership, Innovation Outputs, and Business Performance: A Mixed Methods Study of Senior Managers in the Attractions Industry

ABSTRACTThis mixed-methods study responds to the need for empirical studies of innovation in the experience industry context. A multisource approach was used to gather data from 189 attractions across the United States. The relationships between strategic leadership practices and various innovation output dimensions were examined at the organization level. Qualitative data in the form of innovation output examples complemented the quantitative results. Findings provide a snapshot of innovation in the attractions industry and reveal some of the “tensions” of leading innovation in organizations whose main economic offering is an experience. A list of context-specific leadership practices and innovation activities provide a starting point for self-assessment and integration of experience-economy concepts at the business unit level.
To Govern, or Not to Govern: Prussia, Neutral Moresnet

From roughly 1815 to 1914, European diplomats struggled to come to terms with an area at the Prussian-Belgian border known as Kelmis. Upon finding that the Vienna Treaty did not address the territorial status of Kelmis, but rather left it unassigned to any state, Prussia and the Netherlands (later Belgium) both agreed to leave the area ungoverned. Prussia and the Netherlands' calculation was that leaving Kelmis unattached to any state would benefit them both economically. Yet, in this paper, I explore another aspect of the situation: the labyrinth of jurisdictional problems that arose out of an abandoned, stateless area with thousands of inhabitants.
Access, Place of Residence and Interdisciplinary Opportunities

Healthy People (2000) stated, ‘Having adequate access to medical and dental care can reduce morbidity and mortality, preserve function and enhance overall quality of life’.) This statement is particularly relevant to older adults as their oral health has improved over the past 50 years, and their utilization of dental services has increased (Vargas, Kamarow, & Yellowitz, 2001). )Older adults have an increasing need for care; however, barriers to care increase with age, and many elders do not receive care on a routine basis (Stanton and Rutherford 2003). The Surgeon General’s report on oral health identified the elderly among the populations most vulnerable to poor dental care (U.S. DHHS, 2000).) Ensuring that older adults receive routine oral health care is critical, as basic oral health services are essential components of primary health care (Dolan & Atchison, 1993) and having routine preventive care is associated with good oral health. Although there are no studies to support it, the U.S. Public Health Service recommends annual oral examinations for all adults (United States Public Health Service, 1994). Yet many older adults only seek care when they are in pain or discomfort, which predisposes them to poor oral health. More of the today’s elderly are retaining their natural teeth, with fewer adults experiencing total tooth loss (edentulism). In 2003–2004, one-quarter of noninstitutionalized adults 65 years of age and older were edentulous compared to 33 percent in 1993 (Lethbridge-Cejku, Rose, & Vickerie, 2004). Although there was no gender difference in the rate of edentulism, there were large differences in the prevalence of edentulism by socioeconomic status. Persons with family incomes below the poverty line were almost twice as likely to be edentulous as those with incomes at or above the poverty level. In addition, edentulism was higher among Black persons than among White persons (Kramarow, Lentzner, Rooks, Weeks, & Saydah, 1999).
2D vs 3D NAND technology: Reliability benchmark

In this paper, the key reliability characteristics of the 3D NAND technology are discussed and compared to the 2D NAND corresponding features. It is shown that 3D NAND can achieve up to 50% improvement of the intrinsic cell threshold voltage (V T ) distribution width, due to increased cell size and between — cell distance. Two 3D NAND specific reliability aspects are discussed in detail. The presence of the polysilicon channel in 3D NAND array causes temperature related cell current and threshold voltage variations. Also, the CMOS Under the Array (CuA) architecture requires the introduction of the GIDL — Assisted Erase technique, which must be properly designed and optimized not to impact the array reliability performance.
Anesthesia for Thymectomy

Thymectomy and mediastinal surgery entails a number of potentially severe perioperative concerns and complications. While thymectomies are a less common procedure, the disease progression necessitating such an intervention further complicates anesthetic management. The surgical approach varies widely depending on the age, size, and location of the lesion involved and the anesthetic plan therefore diversifies to accommodate. This chapter discusses the clinical presentation and potential complications that arise, in order to safely implement a perioperative plan. Due consideration is applied to unique concerns in and out of the operative setting to optimize patients for surgery and mitigate potential severe adverse outcomes. Table 17.1 provides a summary of the considerations for providing anesthesia to patients undergoing thymectomy.
Dissociation of hyperglycaemia and obesity in mice fed high fat diets.

Three groups of weanling male Swiss-Hauschka mice were maintained, respectively, on diets containing 4.5 (Diet I), 11.0 (Diet II), and 12.0 (Diet III) percent fat for seven months. The fat source for Diet I was mixed; for Diet II, corn oil; and for Diet III, hydrogenated vegetable oil (Crisco). The animals on Diet II showed significantly higher total and percent extractable lipid per mouse than those fed Diet I or III. However, the animals on Diet II and III had significantly higher blood glucose levels than those on Diet I. These results suggest that certain types of high fat and/or high caloric diets may induce hyperglycaemia in mice without production of obesity.
Treat Meltdown of Irradiated Metallic Fast-Reactor Fuel in an Inert Atmosphere

Behavior of two types of irradiated metallic fast-reactor fuel pins under transient heating in an inert-gas atmosphere in the TREAT reactor was studied under conditions ranging up to complete meltd...
Air Force Family Nurse Practitioner and Air Force Family Physician Perception of the Family Nurse Practitioner Role in Military Operations Other Than War

The inevitable result of changing world events and defense requirements is that the family nurse practitioner (FNP) will take on a more active role in the deployed setting, especially in military operations other than war. What is the perception of the FNP and family physician of the role of the FNP in these missions? Because of the collaborative role between these two provider groups, it is important to compare these perceptions to ensure quality collaborative care. Respondents were requested to rate their perceptions regarding the ability of the FNP to treat 65 categories of patients. Analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among the providers concerning the FNP role. Several perceived barriers were also identified. Because of this difference, the FNP may not be fully utilized. In addition, this study provides insight regarding the training needs perceived to adequately prepare FNPs for their deployment role.
Status of Agricultural Biotechnology: An International Perspective

This paper provides a review of health and environmental effects of GM crops (foods), intellectual property right developments, and regulatory developments for GM crops (foods). Estimates of realized and potential cost reductions are also reported. These estimates show that European Union countries (original EU member countries) have not taken advantage of cost reductions for GM crops to date. More importantly, estimates of potential cost reductions indicate that European Union countries have very low potential cost reduction gains. (Even with 80 percent GM crop adoption cost reductions, gains are around one percent.) However, because EU countries are net importers of many agricultural commodities, EU countries have a major impact on developing countries. Many developing countries in Africa have failed to adopt GM crops because of EU countries’ advice regarding the “precautionary principle.”
Designing Molecular Catalysts for Selective CH Functionalization

The design of molecular catalysts for the selective hydroxylation of hydrocarbons is an important challenge. Designing systems that couple the CH activation reaction with oxy-functionalization of the resulting M–R intermediates has emerged as a promising strategy to meeting this goal. A large number of well-defined CH activation systems have been reported, but relatively few have been utilized as efficient hydroxylation catalysts. The primary reason for this observation is that most efficient CH activation catalysts are incompatible with the conditions required for oxy-functionalization of M–R. Significantly, the reported systems for CH hydroxylation suffer from a combination of challenges related to product protection, poor reaction selectivity, low catalytic activity, stability, and/or expensive product separation which have prevented further development. The design of next generation systems that are more active for both the CH activation and M–R functionalization steps will be directly dependent on improving reaction selectivity and stability of the catalyst systems. Herein, we outline the requirements for meeting these goals in regard to developing new oxy-functionalization catalysts and describe our efforts in this area.
Plant synthetic biology could drive a revolution in biofuels and medicine.

Population growth, climate change, and dwindling finite resources are amongst the major challenges which are facing the planet. Requirements for food, materials, water, and energy will soon exceed ...
Disruption of IL-33 Signaling Limits Early CD8+ T Cell Effector Function Leading to Exhaustion in Murine Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Danger signals mediated through ST2, the interleukin-33 (IL-33) receptor, amplify CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation in the murine model of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2), and blockade of ST2 provides a potential therapeutic strategy in this disease. However, the long-term effects of disrupting IL-33/ST2 signaling on the CD8+ T cell compartment are unknown. Here, we examined the evolution of the T cell response in murine FHL type 2 in the absence of ST2 signaling and found that CD8+ T cells gradually undergo exhaustion, similar to a related nonfatal FHL model. ST2 inhibition indirectly promotes CD8+ T cell exhaustion, and in contrast to other forms of FHL, reversal of exhaustion does not affect mortality. Disruption of IL-33 signaling exerts a more significant impact on the CD8+ T cell compartment early in the course of disease by intrinsically limiting CD8+ T cell proliferative and cytokine production capacity. Our data thus suggest that while ST2 blockade ultimately enables the development of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in late-stage murine FHL2, exhaustion is merely an effect, rather than the cause, of extended survival in these mice. The acute impact of ST2 inhibition on both the quantity and quality of the effector CD8+ T cell response more likely underlies the protective benefits of this treatment. This study provides evidence that redefines the relationship between CD8+ T cell exhaustion and mortality in murine FHL and supports the therapeutic use of ST2 blockade during the acute stage of disease.
Does Taper Design Affect Taper Fretting Corrosion in Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Retrieval Analysis.

Abstract Background Ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) implants have exhibited lower fretting and corrosion scores than metal-on-polyethylene implants. This study aims at investigating the effect of taper design on taper corrosion and fretting in modular CoP total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems. Methods Under an institutional review board–-approved protocol, a query of an implant retrieval library from 2002 to 2017 identified 120 retrieved CoP THA systems with zirconia toughened alumina femoral heads. Femoral stem trunnions were visually evaluated and graded for fretting, corrosion, and damage at the taper interface. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics and implant characteristics. Data were statistically analyzed using Spearman correlation and rank-sum tests with a Dunn’s post hoc test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results Four different taper designs were evaluated: 11/13 (n = 18), 12/14 (n = 53), 16/18 (n = 21), and V40 (n = 28). There were no statistically significant demographic differences between taper groups for duration of implantation, laterality, patient age, and patient sex, but patients with 16/18 tapers had a higher body mass index than V40 tapers (P = .012). Duration of implantation had a weak positive correlation with both trunnion fretting (ρ = 0.224, P = .016) and corrosion (ρ = 0.253, P = .006). Summed fretting and corrosion scores were significantly greater on the V40 and 16/18 tapers compared with the 12/14 tapers (all P ≤ .001). Conclusion Taper fretting and corrosion were observed in CoP THA implants and were greatest with V40 and 16/18 tapers and lowest with 12/14 tapers. Differences in taper design characteristics may lead to greater micromotion at the taper-head interface, leading to increased fretting and corrosion.
Diabetes and Hypertension

An increase in the prevalence of both hypertension and T2D has implications for vascular cognitive disorders due to the different mechanisms through which they may affect cognition. The major cerebral consequence of both hypertension and T2D has been macrovascular clinical stroke. However, advances in neuroimaging and growing availability of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have increased the study of subclinical cerebrovascular disease and cognition. As a result, the inverse association between subclinical cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive function has been well-documented. How vascular and neurodegenerative processes interact to affect cognition remains an important research area.
Lookout America! The Secret Hollywood Studio at the Heart of the Cold War: Hamilton, Kevin, and Ned O’Gorman, Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 320 pp. $45.00. ISBN 978-1-5126-0327-9, Publication Date: December 2018

Part of the Dartmouth College Press visual culture series Interfaces, Lookout America! explores the history of Lookout Mountain Laboratory (LML), a US Air Force facility located in Hollywood that f...
Constructing Papal Identity during the Great Western Schism (1378-1417) : Pierre Ameil and Papal Funerals

This essay argues that liturgists responded to the Great Western Schism (1378-1417), with liturgical rubrics. During this period, authors were essentially motivated with the recovery of ecclesiastical unity. I will analyze how Pierre Ameil, a contemporary of the Schism and the author of a ceremonial book or ordo attempted to reconstruct unity by developing a new rubric centered on the rituals surrounding the pope's death. By keeping the papal body one, both natural and institutional, Ameil responded to the College of Cardinals whom he knew was responsible for the initiation of the crisis. Contrary to current historiography that sees liturgists building institutional continuity during the Vacant See on the college of Cardinals, the essay proposes that Ameil built continuity on the embalmed papal corpse presenting it as both natural and institutional, at once finite and eternal. On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.