cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bayesian calibration of coarse-grained forces: Efficiently addressing transferability

Generating and calibrating forces that are transferable across a range of state-points remains a challenging task in coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics. In this work, we present a coarse-graining workflow, inspired by ideas from uncertainty quantification and numerical analysis, to address this problem. The key idea behind our approach is to introduce a Bayesian correction algorithm that uses functional derivatives of CG simulations to rapidly and inexpensively recalibrate initial estimates f0 of forces anchored by standard methods such as force-matching. Taking density-temperature relationships as a running example, we demonstrate that this algorithm, in concert with various interpolation schemes, can be used to efficiently compute physically reasonable force curves on a fine grid of state-points. Importantly, we show that our workflow is robust to several choices available to the modeler, including the interpolation schemes and tools used to construct f0. In a related vein, we also demonstrate that our approach can speed up coarse-graining by reducing the number of atomistic simulations needed as inputs to standard methods for generating CG forces.
Analysis of some prohibited drugs in Chinese herb extracts by HPLC/MS

Objective] To establish a method to detect the prohibited drugs in Chinese herb extracts. [Methods] It included the extraction of drugs in organic solutions and their detection by HPLC/MS. For those positive samples their molecular structurs tested through HPLC/MS/MS. [Results] The scanning method for the identification of 65 drugs were established through their individual retention time, their special mass and buy use of HPLC/MS/MS. [Conclusion] This paper introduces an analytical system to recognize and confirm prohibited drugs in Chinese herb extracts by mass spectrum. It provides a necessary technological support for supervision and corresponding research.
Utilizing Mast Cells and Basophils to Study Lipoxygenase Involvement in Membrane Activation

An integral part of the immune response is the ability of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to initiate cellular events upon interaction with antigen. The ability of the membrane to translate messages of antigen presence is an important aspect of cellular activation and is dependent upon the enzymatic processes which are initiated. In exploring the enzymatic processes of cellular activation, one should select a system where the response of the cell can take place, on interaction of antigen with antibody, without the necessity of other fluid phase extracellular macromolecules. In addition, stimulation should lead to an immediate response for which there are efficient quantitative assays. A system which has these attributes is the in vitro release of histamine from mast cells or basophils. In this system the interaction of cells and inducing agent initiates the exocytosis of histamine within minutes, and this activation can take place in vitro totally independent of extracellular macromolecular species. The rapid time-course allows experiments to be completed within convenient time periods, and the response in terms of the histamine released can be accurately measured with facility.
Design of wireless inter-chip communication systems by using an innovative PCB structure

On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of radio frequency( RF) interconnection, alternating current( AC) coupling interconnection, three dimensional( 3D) interconnection,optical interconnection and wireless interconnection by on-chip antennas,an innovative PCB structure for wireless inter-chip interconnections is presented,in which pins of chips are employed as on-chip transceiver antennas and the dielectric-filled PCB system is formed as wireless communication channels. In comparison to other interconnection methods,the proposed new structure has the distinct advantages in terms of reducing number of PCB layers,minimizing electromagnetic radiation and pollution to external environments,realizing wireless multichannels compatibility with CMOS fabrication process. In this paper,an antenna array composed of four monopoles at 60GHz is designed. Herein,the four monopoles denote the four pins of two chips. It is shown from HFSS simulation that the magnitude of S11 for the transmitting antenna achieves-19dB at 60GHz and is less than-10dB in the frequency band of 40-80GHz. The relative bandwidth is about 50%,which fully satisfies the requirement of Ultra Wide Band( UWB) wireless communication.
Automatically Recognizing Facial Expression: Predicting Engagement and Frustration

Learning involves a rich array of cognitive and affective states. Recognizing and understanding these cognitive and affective dimensions of learning is key to designing informed interventions. Prior research has highlighted the importance of facial expressions in learning-centered affective states, but tracking facial expression poses significant challenges. This paper presents an automated analysis of fine-grained facial movements that occur during computer-mediated tutoring. We use the Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox (CERT) to track fine-grained facial movements consisting of eyebrow raising (inner and outer), brow lowering, eyelid tightening, and mouth dimpling within a naturalistic video corpus of tutorial dialogue (N=65). Within the dataset, upper face movements were found to be predictive of engagement, frustration, and learning, while mouth dimpling was a positive predictor of learning and self-reported performance. These results highlight how both intensity and frequency of facial expressions predict tutoring outcomes. Additionally, this paper presents a novel validation of an automated tracking tool on a naturalistic tutoring dataset, comparing CERT results with manual annotations across a prior video corpus. With the advent of readily available fine-grained facial expression recognition, the developments introduced here represent a next step toward automatically understanding moment-by-moment affective states during learning.
Synthesis and Structure of BiMnVO5 and BiMnAsO5

Abstract The isostructural compounds BiMnVO5 and BiMnAsO5 have been prepared for the first time. Their structures were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data in space group P 1 with Z=2. For the vanadate a=6.912(4) A, b=6.991(2) A, c=5.354(1) A, α=108.55(2)°, β=95.98(4)° and r=109.73(4)°. For the arsenate a=6.868(1) A, b=6.905(2) A, c=5.360(1) A, α=109.47(2)°, β=95.91(2)°, and γ=109.32(2)°. The structures are based on MnO6 octahedra sharing one edge to form Mn2O10 groups, Bi2O8 groups, and MO4 tetrahedra with M=As or V. The same moieties are found in the BiMnPO5 structure, which has monoclinic symmetry. However, the triclinic structures for BiMnVO5 and BiMnAsO5 cannot be regarded as distorted versions of the monoclinic BiMnPO5 structure because the connectivity of the moieties is distinctly different.
Clonal Propagation of Sugar Beet Plants and the Formation of Polyploids by Tissue Culture

Clonal propagation of sugarbeet plants and the formation of polyploids by tissue culture , Clonal propagation of sugarbeet plants and the formation of polyploids by tissue culture , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Study of photonis XP1470 nine-channel photomultiplier tube for applications in high resolution single gamma and PET imagers

Performance of a new XP1470 nine-channel photomultiplier tube was studied for economical yet high resolution single gamma and PET imaging applications. Four samples of this PMT were tested using two different front-end readout schemes. Spatial and time resolution performance of 1 times 2 and 2 times 2 array configurations of these PMTs were studied with 2 mm and 3 mm pixellated LYSO and Nal(Tl) crystal arrays with 122 keV and 511 keV gamma rays. With optimized light spreader, good pixel separation and good energy resolution were achieved in a small ~10 times 10 cm2 active FOV PET or single gamma detector module prototype.
A novel strategy to build research capacity in survivorship science.

13Background: The steady increase in cancer survivors supports the need for robust clinical and translational survivorship research. Yet, supportive environments and infrastructures to accelerate progress in survivorship research remains relatively limited. This abstract describes the implementation and initial outcomes of an institution’s unique approach to enhance their research capacity in survivorship science. Methods: An executive leadership team championed the formation of a research infrastructure based on the survivorship translational science model. Initial funding from a philanthropic foundation supported a doctoral prepared researcher and staff to provide administrative support. A 30-member Faculty Advisory Workgroup comprised of experts from different disciplines developed a conceptual and sustainability plan. Key components focused on seed money awards, trainee and professional education, and faculty development. Outcomes were measured in 5 groups: 1) seed money - number of $50,000 seed money...
Teaching the Adjunct Experience

The article discusses an upper division capstone class in Sociology focused on the adjunct experience, premised on the idea that students and their families could be important allies in adjunct struggles if they knew more about the conditions and remuneration of this new faculty majority. Students carried out survey research with other students in order to ascertain their knowledge about adjuncts and interviews with adjunct volunteers. The article discusses the class and results.
Abstract 714: Human transcriptome alterations in pre-cancer and cancer epithelium identify candidate biomarkers of progression to pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers in the United States. The five-year survival rate for patients with PDAC remains dismal. Identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis of PDAC and pre-cancer pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions with risk of progression to PDAC is critically needed. We hypothesized that differentially expressed genes and regulatory pathways in PanIN and PDAC compared to normal duct epithelium (ND) may represent biomarkers of development of malignancy. We used Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Arrays 2.0 to establish gene expressionprofiles in ND, low-grade PanIN, and PDAC epithelium. Total RNA was isolated after laser capture microdissection (LCM) of frozen tissue sections and then used for producing hybridization-ready DNA. Hybridization quality control was performed with Expression Console 1.4 software and background corrected/normalized data were analyzed with Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC) 3.1 and the ASSIGN algorithm. We tested RNA from 22 LCM samples (9 PDACs, 5 PanINs, and 8 ND), including 4 matched trios of ND, PanIN and PDAC from the same patients. Differential expression analysis with one-way between subject ANOVA revealed over 2000 genes differentially expressed in PDAC and PanIN vs. ND group (filter criteria up/down >2; ANOVA p 1.5; ANOVA p Citation Format: Elena V. Komissarova, Jorge Sepulveda, Sarawut Kongkarnka, Maryam Shirazi, Brynn Levy, Claudia Cujar, Antonia R. Sepulveda. Human transcriptome alterations in pre-cancer and cancer epithelium identify candidate biomarkers of progression to pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 714. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-714
OVIPOSITION OF THE STALK BORER PAPAIPEMA NEBRIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AMONG VARIOUS PLANTS, AND PLANT CHARACTERISTICS FOR OVIPOSITIONAL PREFERENCE

In ovipositional plant preference tests in greenhouse cages, the stalk borer (SB) Papaipema nebris Guenee, preferred narrow leaved perennial grasses over wider leaved annual grasses or broad - leaf...
Connecting the Dots in Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia displaying a large heritable component,1 with twin studies estimating the genetic heritability at ≈60%.2 Several genome-wide association studies have been performed to identify common DNA variation associated with risk for disease and have to date identified 23 genomic loci with genome-wide significance.3 Each of these loci contains several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with disease risk, lie almost exclusively in nonprotein-coding regions of the human genome, and whose potential effects on surrounding protein-coding genes are largely unknown. The biggest challenge in postgenomic studies therefore lies in the functional annotation of those SNPs and the identification of the downstream target genes. See Article by Tucker and Dolmatova et al In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics , Tucker et al4 elegantly link noncoding variation via enhancer function with a disease phenotype (Figure) at …
The Economic Case for a Pandemic Fund

The rapid urban spread of Ebola virus in West Africa in 2014 and consequent breakdown of control measures led to a significant economic impact as well as the burden on public health and wellbeing. The US government appropriated $5.4 Billion for FY2015 and WHO proposed a $100 Million emergency fund largely to curtail the threat of future outbreaks. Using epidemiological analyses and economic modeling, we propose that the best use of these and similar funds would be to serve as global insurance against the continued threat of emerging infectious diseases. An effective strategy would involve the initial investment in strengthening mobile and adaptable capacity to deal with the threat and reality of disease emergence, coupled with repeated investment to maintain what is effectively a ‘national guard’ for pandemic prevention and response. This investment would create a capital stock that could also provide access to safe treatment during and between crises in developing countries, lowering risk to developed countries.
CERAMIC MATERIALS VIA DERIVATIZATION REACTIONS OF POLYMERS

The conventional approach to produce polymeric ceramic precursors of non-oxidic materials involves condensation reactions of reactive intermediates. In many cases these reactions lead to intractable products. An alternative approach was examined which could afford better control over the properties of the product. This involved the derivatization of preformed polymers of appropriate molecular weight and functionality. Polyethyleneimine, (CH2-CH2-NH)n was derivatized to introduce the -BH2, -BH2CN, and -BH2-CH2-NBH functionalities. These materials produced boron nitride upon pyrolysis and could be used to spin-coat a variety of substrates.
Combined hydroxyurea and ETA receptor blockade reduces renal injury in the humanized sickle cell mouse.

AIM The objective of this study is to determine if ambrisentan (ETA selective antagonist) and hydroxyurea (HU) treatment has a synergistic effect on renal injury in sickle cell nephropathy when compared to HU treatment alone. The premise of the study is based on recent studies showing that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to the pathophysiology of nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD) and that ETA receptor blockade improves renal function and protects against renal injury. Hydroxyurea (HU) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of SCD and has been shown to reduce renal injury in patients with SCD. METHODS Male 12-week-old humanized sickle mice (HbSS) and their genetic controls (HbAA) were treated with vehicle, HU, ambrisentan, or HU with ambrisentan for 2 weeks and renal structure and function were assessed. RESULTS Vehicle treated HbSS mice exhibited significant proteinuria compared to vehicle treated HbAA mice. HbSS mice also displayed significantly elevated plasma ET-1 concentrations and decreased urine osmolality compared to HbAA controls. Proteinuria was significantly lower in both HU and ambrisentan treated animals compared to vehicle treated HbSS mice; however, there was no additional improvement in HbSS mice treated with combined ambrisentan and HU. The combination of HU and ambrisentan resulted in significantly lower KIM-1 excretion, glomerular injury, and interstitial inflammation than HU alone. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that HU and ETA receptor blockade produce similar reductions in renal injury in the humanized sickle mouse suggesting that both treatments may converge on the same mechanistic pathway.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography-Obtained Bile Culture Can Guide Antibiotic Therapy in Acute Cholangitis.

Background Only a small proportion of patients with biliary tree infection grow microorganisms in blood cultures. Antibiotics chosen or tailored based on organisms identified on blood cultures have a potential for under-treatment and unfavorable outcomes, including recurrent infection and early stent occlusion. In our current practice, we collect bile for culture if an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) is performed in patients with suspected cholangitis. In this study, we compare the microbial yield of blood cultures and ERCP-obtained bile cultures in patients with ascending cholangitis. Methods We reviewed medical records of all the patients treated for ascending cholangitis who had blood cultures and ERCP-obtained bile cultures at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2016. Bile was collected for culture before injecting contrast, via a catheter after discarding the initial 3 mL. Results Ninety-three patients were included with mean age of 71 (±15) years. Out of 93 patients, 11 (12%) had prior sphincterotomy, 29 (31%) had an indwelling biliary stent, and malignant obstruction was the most common etiology (34%). ERCP-obtained bile cultures were positive in 90 out of 93 (97%) patients with monomicrobial growth in 34 out of 93 (39%) patients. Mixed intestinal flora was noted in 3 patients. Blood cultures were positive in only 30 out of 93 patients (32%) and 24 out of 93 (26%) patients had monomicrobial growth. Totally 26 out of 30 patients (87%) grew the same organism as the bile culture, 3 grew an organism different from bile cultures, and one had no growth in the bile culture. On multivariable analysis, the presence of an indwelling biliary stent was the lone factor associated with polymicrobial growth, 83 vs. 52%, p = 0.007. Conclusion ERCP-obtained bile cultures are a reliable and feasible mechanism to evaluate patients with suspected biliary tree infection. This technique has a significantly higher yield when compared to blood culture. Selection and tailoring of antibiotics based on bile culture in the management of ascending cholangitis are advised.
Genitourinary Cancer Pain Syndromes

Genitourinary and gynecological malignancies include bladder, prostate, renal cell, uterine, ovarian, cervical, and testicular cancers. These all present differently and symptoms vary among patients. It is estimated that at least 70% of patients have pain syndromes associated with their pathology [Office for National Statistics Cancer statistics registrations: registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2002 England, Series MB1 no. 33. Office for National Statistics, London, 2005]. While pain may be the result of the disease process itself, it may also be the consequence of therapies used when treating malignancies. Furthermore, patients may have pain from sites primarily involved or from distant metastases. The following chapter discusses potential pain syndromes a cancer patient may face and how techniques and paradigms in pain management strategies can improve the patient’s pain symptoms.
Orthogonal matchings

If a graph G is decomposed into m 2-factors, then an orthogonal matching is a matching M in G which contains exactly one edge from each 2-factor. It has been conjectured that any 2-factorization of any graph has an orthogonal matching. We prove this conjecture under the additional assumption that G has at least 3m - 2 vertices.
27-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Adiposity and Mimics Adipogenic Diet-Induced Inflammatory Signaling

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is an abundant cholesterol metabolite and has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, whereas its impact on adiposity is not well known. In this study, we found that elevations in 27HC cause increased body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet in an estrogen receptor α-dependent manner. Regardless of diet type, body fat mass was increased by 27HC without changes in food intake or fat absorption. 27HC did not alter energy expenditure in mice fed a normal chow diet and increased visceral white adipose mass by inducing hyperplasia but not hypertrophy. Although 27HC did not augment adipocyte terminal differentiation, it increased the adipose cell population that differentiates to mature adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 27HC treatment of mice fed a normal chow diet induces inflammatory gene sets similar to those seen after high-fat/high-cholesterol diet feeding, whereas there was no overlap in inflammatory gene expression among any other 27HC administration/diet change combination. Histological analysis showed that 27HC treatment increased the number of total and M1-type macrophages in white adipose tissues. Thus, 27HC promotes adiposity by directly affecting white adipose tissues and by increasing adipose inflammatory responses. Lowering serum 27HC levels may lead to an approach targeting cholesterol to prevent diet-induced obesity.
Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1987-1990

Objective To use data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Pregnancy-Related Mortality Surveillance System to examine trends in pregnancy-related mortality and risk factors for pregnancy-related death. Methods In collaboration with ACOG and state health departments, the Pregnancy-Related Mortality Surveillance System has collected information on all deaths caused by pregnancy since 1979. Multiple data sources were used, including national death files, state health departments, maternal mortality review committees, individuals, and the media. As part of the initiation of the Pregnancy-Related Mortality Surveillance System in 1987, CDC staff contacted state health department personnel and encouraged them to identify and report pregnancy-related deaths. Data were reviewed and coded by experienced clinicians. Pregnancyrelated mortality ratios (pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births) were calculated. Results After decreasing annually after 1979, the reported pregnancy-related mortality ratio increased from 7.2 in 1987 to 10.0 in 1990. This increase occurred among women of all races. A higher risk of pregnancy-related death was found with increasing maternal age, increasing live-birth order, no prenatal care, and among unmarried women. The leading causes of pregnancy-related death were hemorrhage, embolism, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. During the periods 1979–1986 and 1987–1990, the cause-specific pregnancy-related mortality ratios decreased for deaths due to hemorrhage and anesthesia, whereas pregnancy-related mortality ratios due to cardiomyopathy and infection increased. The leading causes of death varied according to the outcome of the pregnancy. Conclusion Increased efforts to identify pregnancy-related deaths have contributed to an increase in the reported pregnancy-related mortality ratio. More than half of such deaths, however, are probably still unreported. Adequate surveillance of pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity is necessary for interpreting trends, identifying high-risk groups, and developing effective interventions.
Comparing Non-Visual and Visual Information Foraging on The Web

Graphical user web interfaces (GUIs) afford visual consumption and sensemaking of information, but present challenges for auditory, and often sequential, information seeking for people using screen readers. Information foraging theory illustrates that users' information behavior is guided by the use of information scent (mostly visual in GUIs) to assess value and cost of accessing information relevant to their goal, and rational decisions to maximize gain of information. Previous research about adaptive browsing behavior of screen reader users is associated with a lack of webpage usability. In this study, we observed and compared the information seeking behavior of ten sighted and ten screen reader users. Findings show that screen reader users demonstrate adapted mental models of the visual information search interface. Additionally, their adaptive search result exploration strategies in the context of query intent highlight key concern areas in specific parts of the search process.
Applying Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to LGBT foster youth: practice implications for child welfare professionals and those working in rural settings

Providing safe and stable placements is a primary focus of the child welfare system in the United States. There are often challenges with finding successful placements for foster youth who identify...
Analyzing Critical Factors: Motivating Project Managers

Abstract The concept of project management has evolved tremendously over the years. In addition to the technostructural changes that have taken place, the recent pandemic and sociocultural events and subsequent reflection that has occurred have impacted how people live and work. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the factors that create a culture of modern-day multigenerational project managers to be fully emotionally engaged when managing and leading organization projects. One hundred twenty practicing project managers working in a variety of industries representing different countries were interviewed. The findings identify the top six most frequently cited factors. The paper then explores ways to assist organizational leaders in design work environments that support modern-day multigenerational project managers to be fully emotionally engaged when managing and leading organization projects.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Triphenylene-Based Donor-Donor and Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers: A Comparative Study

Two new conjugated polymers (P1 and P2), containing a bithiophene donor unit coupled with either a triphenylene donor unit or an imide-functionalized triphenylene acceptor unit in the backbone, have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and comparatively studied by using 1H NMR, FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both polymers are amorphous in nature and thermally stable up to 450°C. The inclusion of the imide functionalization in the triphenylene unit significantly lowered the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and thus the bandgap of the donor-acceptor polymer P2 over the donor-donor polymer P1. P1 and P2 show very different optical properties in hexane and other solvents. P1 shows a broad emission in hexane but vibronically structured emissions in other solvents; in contrast, P2 exhibits a vibronically resolved emission in hexane, while exhibiting redshifted, broad, and featureless emissions in other solvents. P1 takes a random coil conformation in good solvents like p-xylene, benzene, toluene, anisole, chloroform, THF, and o-dichlorobenzene, whereas in hexane, it may adopt a helical folding conformation. In the poor solvent DMSO, interchain aggregates dominate. P2, on the other hand, adopts a random coil conformation in hexane but possibly the helical folding conformation in other good solvents. The opposite conformations of the two polymers may be responsible for their opposite solvent-dependent fluorescence properties. By virtue of the very different fluorescence properties of these two polymers in nonpolar solvents such as hexane and in polar solvents, the potential of using the polymers to detect the trace amount of ethanol content that is added to gasoline has been revealed with high sensitivity.
Abstract 16300: Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography Reveals Leaflet-specific Contribution to Aortic Stenosis Influenced by Local Coronary Factors

Background: Current computed tomography (CT)-based diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis (AS) using aortic valve calcification (AVC) load does not take into account interleaflet differences in calcif...
A note on representations of Orlicz lattices

In their book Randomly Normed Spaces, Haydon, Levy, and Raynaud proved that every sublattice of a Musielak-Orlicz space $$L_\psi $$ with random sections $$\psi (\cdot ,\omega )$$ in a given set D can be represented as a Musielak–Orlicz space $$L_{\psi '}$$ with random sections $$\psi '(\cdot ,\omega )$$ in the closure (in the product topology) of the convex hull of D. In this note we prove that if $$L_{\psi '}$$ is a Musielak–Orlicz space with random sections $$\psi '(\cdot ,\omega )$$ in the closure of the convex hull of a set D closed under dilations, then there exists a Musielak–Orlicz space $$L_\psi $$ with random sections $$\psi (\cdot ,\omega )$$ in D such that $$L_{\psi '}$$ is a sublattice of $$L_\psi $$ . Furthermore, $$L_\psi $$ can be chosen to have the same density character as $$L_{\psi '}$$ .
Reply to Green and Hume: Nonmicroglia peripheral immune effects of short-term CSF1R inhibition with PLX5622

Our study (1) was designed to provide definitive direct data to the microglia community that PLX5622 does not act solely on microglia but also affects other peripheral macrophage populations. Many microglia papers have assumed or claimed that CSFR1 inhibition has no to minimal effects on peripheral immune cells.* The nonmicroglia effects of CSFR1 inhibition have direct ramifications for the interpretation of relevant experimental data; peripheral monocytes/macrophages engraft permanently into the retina after PLX5622 treatment (2, 3), causing remodeling and functional changes that affect studied outcome. We reject the comment by Green and Hume (4) that PLX5622 dose and duration was not provided or that it was selected arbitrarily. A careful reading of our paper (1) and the literature reveals this information, which is in concordance with at least 14 papers using exactly the same dose (PLX5622 chow, 1,200 ppm) and duration (3 wk) (1⇓–3, 5), some of which have been cited by Green et … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: Eleftherios_Paschalis{at}meei.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF NATURAL AND RECOMBINANT SPIDER SILK – A REVIEW

Spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders and they use their silk for a variety of purposes such as for making webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch their prey, or as nets or cocoons to protect their offspring, or for depositing sperms etc. It has a variety of properties that make them useful in a range of potential industrial and medical applications. Spider silk has been used for making fishing gears and lures, weaving ceremonial and bullet- proof garments and also used clinically as surgical sutures for centuries due to its biocompatibility, slow degradability and high tensile strength. Research on its antibacterial activity is important for humans as they are facing novel and harmful pathogens day by day. Most of the microorganisms are becoming resistant to many antibacterial agents. This review is an attempt to discuss the antimicrobial activities of natural and recombinant spider silk. Our studies revealed that antibacterial activities are exhibited by the silk of some specific species of spiders. (Pardosa brevivulva, Eriovixia excelsa, Stegodyphus sarasinorum, Cyclosa confraga, Nephila pilipes, Pholcus phalangioides, Tegenaria domestica, Pityohyphantes phrygianus, Parawixia dehaani, Crossopriza lyoni, Neoscona theisi and Argiope trifasciata). The silk of some spider species (Linothele fallax, Linothele megatheloides, Argiope aurantia and Latrodectus hesperus) do not show such activity. It was observed that gram positive bacteria are more susceptible to spider silk than gram negative bacteria. Recombinant spider silk also possesses a high potential for biomedical applications because of its anti-microbial property, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Antimicrobial properties of spider silk can also be influenced by the diet and environmental conditions. Further future studies in this regard may lead to the discovery of novel biomaterials and new therapeutic drugs against microbes which will be of great significance especially in this pandemic situation.
Keeping the Farm in the Family Name: Patrimonial Narratives and Negotiations among German‐Heritage Farmers

Sociologists tend to view rural culture as an inertial force, committing members to past cultural patterns which, in turn, inform their present courses of action. By emphasizing such cultural stasis, we obscure how members of cultural enclaves negotiate, recommit to, or revise certain cultural traditions. This article explores how rural culture is in dialogue with changing external contexts. Drawing on interviews I conducted among a small group of German-heritage farmers in southern Wisconsin, I find that farmers select legal arrangements, entrepreneurial actions, and traditional male succession in order to fulfill the “yeoman” goal of keeping the farm in the family name. I explore how the narratives farmers develop about the cultural priority of transferring the home-farm to a new generation allow sociological insight into their creative negotiations between cultural traditions and a greatly altered context of agricultural production. I argue that this dialogue between a historically persistent cultural tradition and very present pressures of agricultural production makes a significant contribution to the dynamics of modern rural life.
Style in New Ireland Art and Culture: Grasping the Native's Point of View

A review of definitions of style and studies of particular people suggest that while many studies of art discuss iconography, social relationships, structure, identity, form, function, and so on, few discuss style; and fewer discuss style as world view, ethos, values, or gestalt. In this paper, I report some findings of field work in the arts and cultures of New Ireland and New Hanover in support of research in cultural anthropology on style in this larger sense. I will provide some documentation for ‘the Native's point of view’ on this subject, which affirms its importance in any study of culture.
How internet of things (IoT) shapes the next generation of SmartGrids

This article consists of a single image from the author's conference presentation. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
The sum1-1 mutation affects silent mating-type gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The silent mating-type genes (HML and HMR) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are kept under negative transcriptional control by the trans-acting products of the four MAR/SIR loci. MAR/SIR gene mutations result in the simultaneous derepression of HML and HMR gene expression. The sum1-1 mutation was previously identified as an extragenic suppressor of mutations in MAR1 (SIR2) and MAR2 (SIR3). As assayed genetically, sum1-1 is capable of restoring repression of silent mating-type information in cells containing mar1 or mar2 null mutations. We show here that the mating-type phenotype associated with sum1-1 results from a dramatic reduction in the steady-state level of HML and HMR gene transcripts. At the same time, the sum1-1 mutation has no significant effect on the level of each of the four MAR/SIR mRNAs.
Management of craniocerebral trauma and its relation to subsequent seizures.

SUMMARY Certain features in the management of craniocerebral trauma have remained quite constant while others from decade to decade have followed a pendulum swing. Treatment of patients with injuries to the head falls into two main categories — conservative and operative therapy — both of which may have a distinct bearing on the development of convulsive seizures at a later date. Advances in the management of severe craniocerebral trauma will follow a better understanding of the pathophysiological changes accompanying injury to the brain. Resume Certaines caracteristiques du traitement d'un traumatisme craniocerebral sont demeurees constantes, tandis que d'autres ont presente, de decade en decade, des modifications. Le traitement de malades atteints de lesions a la těte se classe en deux categories principales — therapie conservatrice et operatoire — susceptibles d'exercer toutes deux une action distincte sur le developpement de crises convulsives de dates ulterieures. Une meilleure comprehension des changements pathophysiologiques qui accompagnent une lesion cerebrale sera suivie par des progres au sujet du traitement d'un traumatisme craniocerebrale grave.
Some constraints on the origin of phonolites from the Gregory Rift, Kenya, and inferences concerning basaltic magmas in the Rift System

Plateau-type phonolites of the Gregory Rift represent magmas with densities of about 2.3 g/cm3. These magmas must have erupted soon after their formation. The average depth of the bases of the approximately 100 to 300 magma chambers from which they erupted was between about 10 and about 24 km. The average vertical extent of the magma chambers was between about 3 and about 8 km. The aggregate volume of phonolitic magma formed beneath the Rift in Miocene times probably lies in the range of 0.5 to 1×105 km3. Both the crystal fractionation model and the anatectic model for formation of this volume of phonolitic magma require the presence of a large reservoir of basaltic magma, probably picritic in character, with a volume of at least 5×105 km3 and perhaps as much as 20×105 km3. This reservoir presumably is now part of the dense basic intrusive complex along the Rift axis. The Miocene and Pliocene episodes of basaltic volcanism in this region may be related to eruption of evolved liquids from this reservoir.
Sibling Influence on Sex-Role Preference of Young Children

(1972). Sibling Influence on Sex-Role Preference of Young Children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 121, No. 2, pp. 271-282.
Disinhibition Bursting of Dopaminergic Neurons

Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurons receive strong tonic inputs from GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) and globus pallidus (GP), and glutamatergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus. The presence of these tonic inputs raises the possibility that phasic disinhibition may trigger phasic bursts in dopaminergic neurons. We first applied constant NMDA and GABAA conductances onto a two-compartment single cell model of the dopaminergic neuron (Kuznetsov et al., 2006). The model exhibited disinhibition bursting upon stepwise removal of inhibition. A further bifurcation analysis suggests that disinhibition may be more robust than excitation alone in that for most levels of NMDA conductance, the cell remains capable of bursting even after a complete removal of inhibition, whereas too much excitatory input will drive the cell into depolarization block. To investigate the network dynamics of disinhibition, we used a modified version of an integrate-and-fire based model of the basal ganglia (Humphries et al., 2006). Synaptic activity generated in the network was delivered to the two-compartment single cell dopaminergic neuron. Phasic activation of the D1-expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum (D1STR) produced disinhibition bursts in dopaminergic neurons through the direct pathway (D1STR to SNpr to SNpc). Anatomical studies have shown that D1STR neurons have collaterals that terminate in GP. Adding these collaterals to the model, we found that striatal activation increased the intra-burst firing frequency of the disinhibition burst as the weight of this connection was increased. Our studies suggest that striatal activation is a robust means by which disinhibition bursts can be generated by SNpc dopaminergic neurons, and that recruitment of the indirect pathway via collaterals may enhance disinhibition bursting.
Use of cultural criterion groups and discriminant analysis in acculturation studies

Abstract Based on the argument that empirically verified cultural distance, rather than proximity to a set of arbitrarily determined cultural elements of the host culture, should be the base for the assessment of acculturation level, this report demonstrates methodological procedures involving the use of criterion groups and discriminant analysis for measuring cultural distance. Specifically, 158 Koreans in Korea and 125 Americans served as criterion groups who responded to a series of value statements. Discriminant analysis results indicate that this procedure is extremely useful in identifying value judgments and their relative weights, which contribute to the maximal distance between the two cultures. Classification and cross-validation results also exhibit that an individual's cultural identity can be predicted with an accuracy higher than 90%.
Multiple isotope effect study of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of formamide.

Multiple isotope effects were measured at the reactive center of formamide during acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in water at 25 °C. The mechanism involves a rapid pre-equilibrium protonation of the carbonyl oxygen, followed by the formation of at least one tetrahedral intermediate, which does not appreciably exchange its carbonyl oxygen with the solvent (kh/kex = 55). The pKa for formamide was determined by 15N NMR and found to be about −2.0. The formyl-hydrogen kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is indicative of a transition state that is highly tetrahedral (Dkobs = 0.79); the carbonyl-carbon KIE (13kobs = 1.031) is in agreement with this conclusion. The small leaving-nitrogen KIE (15kobs = 1.0050) is consistent with some step prior to breaking the C−N bond as rate-determining. The carbonyl-oxygen KIE (18kobs = 0.996) points to attack of water as the rate-determining step. On the basis of these results, a mechanism is proposed in which attachment of the nucleophile to a protonated formamide molecule is rate determi...
Soft-x-ray spectra of highly charged Kr ions in an electron beam ion trap.

Systematic variation of the electron-beam energy in the EBIT-II electron beam ion trap has been employed to produce soft-x-ray spectra $(20--75 \mathrm{\AA{}})$ of Kr with well-defined maximum charge states ranging from Cu- to Al-like ions. Guided by large-scale relativistic atomic structure calculations, the strongest lines have been identified with $\ensuremath{\Delta}n=1$ $(n=3$ to ${n}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4)$ transitions from Ni- to P-like ions $({\mathrm{Kr}}^{8+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Kr}}^{21+}),$ as well as a number of $3p\ensuremath{-}4d$ and $3d\ensuremath{-}5f$ transitions.
Poster: User Location Fingerprinting at Scale

Many emerging mobile computing applications are continuous vision based. The primary challenge these applications face is computation partitioning between the phone and cloud. The indoor location information is one metadata that can help these applications in making this decision. In this extended-abstract, we propose a vision based scheme to uniquely fingerprint an environment which can in turn be used to identify user's location from the uploaded visual features. Our approach takes into account that the opportunity to identify location is fleeting and the phones are resource constrained -- therefore minimal yet sufficient computation needs to be performed to make the offloading decision. Our work aims to achieve near real-time performance while scaling to buildings of arbitrary sizes. The current work is in preliminary stages but holds promise for the future -- may apply to many applications in this area.
Central pancreatic resection: Still an uncommon (but safe) surgical option

s / Pancreatology 13 (2013) e1–e94 e61 Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Headquarters, Osaka, Japan Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an intractable disease with destruction of acinar and duct cells, interstitial fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. ONO-1301, a novel sustained release prostacyclin analog, has an anti-fibrotic effect to lung, heart, kidney and liver, partly associated with induction of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). However, its effect on CP is not clear. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the effect of ONO-1301 on CP. Methods: CP was induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) (7mg/kg) in rats. Seven days after DBTC injection (day7), a slow release form of ONO1301(10mg/kg) or vehicle (control) was injected. At day 14 and 28, we evaluated histopathological CP score (edema, fatty change, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis), and the expression of HGF, cytokines and collagen type1 in pancreas by realtime PCR. Results: Histopathological CP score was improved in the ONO-1301 treated group (1301 group) compared to control; especially, inflammatory cells infiltration at day 14 and interstitial fibrosis at day 28. HGF mRNA increased significantly after administration of ONO-1301, whereas IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, TGF-b, MCP-1 and collagen mRNA decreased significantly at day 14, and collagen, MCP-1 and TGF-b tended to decrease at day 28. Decreased inflammatory cytokines production and inflammatory cells infiltration could attenuate the following fibrosis in 1301 group. These findings might suggest that ONO-1301 suppressed local inflammation at early stage of CP with induction of HGF. Conclusion: ONO-1301 suppressed pancreatic fibrosis in the DBTCinduced CP model through inhibition of inflammatory cells infiltration in the early stage of CP. Similar to other organs, this effect of ONO-1301 might be associated with induction of HGF.
Analysis of grating-coupled radiation in GaAs:GaAlAs lasers and waveguides - II: Blazing effects

Grating-coupled radiation in lasers and waveguides is analyzed for trapezoidal-shaped grating teeth which includes all triangular shapes. A perturbation technique is used which involves calculating the modes in a geometry with an inhomogeneous refractive index profile in the grating region. Curves are presented for radiated power from traveling waves as a function of blazing angle, grating tooth height, refractive index, and grating period. It is shown that the ratio of power radiated into the outer media depends greatly on tooth shape and size. By judiciously selecting parameters this ratio can exceed 50:1.
Effects of lowering cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the shape of the peripapillary retina in intracranial hypertension.

Purpose To analyze the deformations of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium-basement membrane (ppRPE/BM) layer in response to procedures that lower intracranial pressure (ICP). Second, to demonstrate how shape changes may complement the mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness as a measure of intracranial hypertension (ICH) and papilledema. Methods We used geometric morphometrics on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images to analyze shape change of the ppRPE/BM layer after several interventions that lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. We also evaluated the effects of pressure-lowering interventions on both the anterior-posterior displacement of ppRPE/BM and the mean RNFL thickness. Forty-one patients with ICH and papilledema were studied before and after lumbar puncture (20), CSF shunt (9), and medical treatment of idiopathic ICH (23). We also compared the shape of 30 normal subjects to 23 patients whose papilledema resolved after medical treatment. Results The ppRPE/BM-layer in ICH and papilledema is characterized by an asymmetric anterior deformation that moves posteriorly and becomes more V-shaped after each pressure-lowering intervention. The differences were statistically significant for all three groups. These shape changes also occur in patients with ongoing ICH who have secondary optic atrophy (without papilledema). Posterior displacement at the margin of the ppRPE/BM layer correlated strongly with overall shape changes. Conclusions The subsurface contour of the ppRPE/BM layer is a dynamic property that changes with CSF pressure-lowering interventions. It can supplement the RNFL thickness as an indirect gauge of ICP and is particularly helpful in patients with secondary optic atrophy. Direct measurements of displacement at the basement membrane opening may serve as a more convenient office-based surrogate for shape analysis.