cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recruitment regulates demographic variation in a tropical intertidal barnacle

I studied populations of the barnacle Chthamalusfissus on the central Pacific coast of Costa Rica to determine the relative importance of pre- and post-settlement processes in determining patterns of distribution and abundance. Populations were studied at 10 sites representing five different microhabitats on one shore. Sites were censused photographically from 1983 to 1985 at 1-3 mo intervals, yielding data on recruitment, growth, and mortality. Mortality after settlement (=after day 1) was density independent for at least 90 d, so recruitment reflected settlement. Abundance appeared limited by sparse recruitment since considerable bare space was available at most sites during much of the study. Intraspecific competition (preemptive and adult-adult) was weak, except after oc- casional peaks of dense recruitment. Interspecific interactions were also weak, except for localized, intense predation by the thaidid gastropod Acanthina brevidentata near cracks and crevices, and sporadic competition with the small mussel Brachidontes semilaevis. In large part, demography of C. fissus was regulated by events in the water column affecting settlement and subsequent recruitment. Similar communities are found on rocky shores in the Bay of Panama, in central Costa Rica, and in the northern Gulf of California. Recruitment of Chthamalus spp. is very sparse in the Bay of Panama, sparse with occasional peaks in central Costa Rica, and consistently dense in the northern Gulf of California. Post-settlement processes involving Chthamalus spp. (competition and predation) appear strong and pervasive only in the northern Gulf of California. Abundance of Chthamalusfissus in Central America is regulated by events in the water column that determine the number of cyprids arriving to the substratum, an example of supply-side ecology.
Extending abstract GPU APIs to shared memory

Parallel programming is used extensively for general-purpose computations. However, performance of parallel APIs varies for a given problem and a given architecture. This gives rise to the need for having an abstract way to express the parallel problems. This poster presents a new approach through which programmers can access these APIs without having to focus on the technical or platform-specific details. Our earlier approach of Abstract Application Programming Interface (API) targeted for Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) programming is extended to shared memory using OpenMP.
The steepest descent fast multipole method (SDFMM) for solving combined field integral equation pertinent to rough surface scattering

The objective of this work is to solve the combined field integral equation (CFIE) using the enhanced SDFMM to analyse electromagnetic scattering from practical random rough surfaces. For scattering problems involving low grazing incident waves, we found that the CFIE converges very fast compared with the EFIE, which converges very slowly for the same problem. Scattering at low grazing angles requires modeling of an infinite rough surface by a finite surface large enough such that the incident antenna beam excites no edge currents. In order to thoroughly investigate such a special scattering problem, a Monte Carlo simulation using many random surface realizations should be conducted which necessitates a fast converging and accurate technique such as the enhanced as SDFMM.
Allopregnanolone restores hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and neural progenitor survival in aging 3xTgAD and nonTg mice

We previously demonstrated that allopregnanolone (AP) increased proliferation of neural progenitor cells and reversed neurogenic and cognitive deficits prior to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology (Wang, J.M., Johnston, P.B., Ball, B.G., Brinton, R.D., 2005. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone promotes proliferation of rodent and human neural progenitor cells and regulates cell-cycle gene and protein expression. J. Neurosci. 25, 4706‐4718; Wang, J.M., Singh, C., Liu, L., Irwin, R.W., Chen, S., Chung, E.J., Thompson, R.F., Brinton, R.D., 2010. Allopregnanolone reverses neurogenic and cognitive deficits in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 6498‐6503). Herein, we determined efficacy of AP to restore neural progenitor cell survival and associative learning and memory subsequent to AD pathology in male 3xTgAD mice and their nontransgenic (nonTg) counterparts. AP significantly increased survival of bromodeoxyuridine positive (BrdU) cells and hippocampal-dependent associative learning and memory in 3xTgAD mice in the presence of intraneuronal amyloid beta (A) whereas AP was ineffective subsequent to development of extraneuronal A plaques. Restoration of hippocampal-dependent associative learning was maximal by the first day and sustained throughout behavioral training. Learning and memory function in AP-treated 3xTgAD mice was 100% greater than vehicle-treated and comparable to maximal normal nonTg performance. In aged 15-month-old nonTg mice, AP significantly increased survival of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells and hippocampal-dependent associative learning and memory. Results provide preclinical evidence that AP promoted survival of newly generated cells and restored cognitive performance in the preplaque phase of AD pathology and in late-stage normal aging.
Computer imaging recipes in C

Focusing on algorithm programming in C, this practical guide provides clear, concise treatment of the entire spectrum of image processing techniques. Without getting bogged down in complex mathematics, the book covers all aspects of imaging from basic characterization and modelling through grayscale and spatial manipulation techniques; powerful convolution, spatial frequency, and adaptive filtering methods; and each algorithm group discussed includes C program code to illustrate how the process is programmed.
Transcriptional elongation checkpoint control in development and disease

Transcriptional elongation control by RNA polymerase II and its associated factors has taken center stage as a process essential for the regulation of gene expression throughout development. In this review, we analyze recent findings on the identification of factors functioning in the regulation of the transcriptional elongation checkpoint control (TECC) stage of gene expression and how the factors' misregulation is associated with disease pathogenesis, including cancer.
Forage quality of native warm-season grasses in response to nitrogen fertilization and harvest date

Abstract The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of N levels and plant maturity on the nutritive quality of four warm-season grasses, and to evaluate relationships between forage quality and morphological development. Indiangrass (Sorghastrum mutans L. Nash), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were grown in four replications, applied with 3N levels (0, 65, and 140 kg/ha), and harvested on ten dates at approximately 2-week intervals for first seven harvest dates and 3-week intervals for last three harvest dates. For all species, harvesting at early maturity increased (P 0.05) the IVDMD value for the other three species in 2007. The concentration of CP for all four warm-season grass species increased (P 0.05) for eastern gamagrass.
The First-Grade Studies: A Personal Reflection.

The author describes the importance of “The First-Grade Studies” to his own development as a literacy researcher and educator, and highlights the work's importance to the field in several areas: learning about the efficacy of early reading instruction, learning about contextual variables, learning about the practice of research, and learning lessons to guide future research.
The Social Psychology of Self-Efficacy

The topic of self-efficacy is part of a broad literature which has developed around the issues of human agency, mastery, and control. Its more delimited focus is on perceptions and assessments of self with regard to competence, effectiveness, and causal agency. Self-efficacy has become an important variable within social psychological research because of its association with various favorable consequences, especially in the areas of physical and mental health. It is also quite congruent with the Western emphasis on such values as mastery, self-reliance, and achievement. This review examines the nature of self-efficacy and related terms, reviews the research literature on the development of self-efficacy and how social structure and group processes affect this development, considers changes of self-efficacy over the life course, and reviews the consequences of self-efficacy for individual functioning and for social change. The focus of the review is on the social psychological literature within sociology, ...
A Duplexed High-Throughput Screen to Identify Allosteric Modulators of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Glucagon Receptors

Injectable, degradation-resistant peptide agonists for the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R), such as exenatide and liraglutide, activate the GLP-1R via a complex orthosteric-binding site and are effective therapeutics for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Orally bioavailable orthosteric small-molecule agonists are unlikely to be developed, whereas positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) may offer an improved therapeutic profile. We hypothesize that allosteric modulators of the GLP-1R would increase the potency and efficacy of native GLP-1 in a spatial and temporally preserved manner and/or may improve efficacy or side effects of injectable analogs. We report the design, optimization, and initial results of a duplexed high-throughput screen in which cell lines overexpressing either the GLP-1R or the glucagon receptor were coplated, loaded with a calcium-sensitive dye, and probed in a three-phase assay to identify agonists, antagonists, and potentiators of GLP-1, and potentiators of glucagon. 175,000 compounds were initially screened, and progression through secondary assays yielded 98 compounds with a variety of activities at the GLP-1R. Here, we describe five compounds possessing different patterns of modulation of the GLP-1R. These data uncover PAMs that may offer a drug-development pathway to enhancing in vivo efficacy of both endogenous GLP-1 and peptide analogs.
Eigenvalues of pyramidal waveguides

Various attempts to determine the eigenvalues of a pyramidal waveguide and the assumptions made in each case are described. Numerical comparison between the eigenvalues for the lowest-order mode is also presented. Examination of our numerical results indicates that the eigenvalues for the four flat wall model is sufficiently simple and accurate compared with Narasimhan's results (1973), particularly since it also corresponds to the actual geometry of pyramidal waveguides which are truncated to produce pyramidal horn antennas. As expected, the agreement of Narasimhan with the two simplified models improves as the flare angle increases since the curved walls in such cases approach the flat walls geometry.
Development of Chemical Remanent Magnetization during Early Stages of Red-Bed Formation in Late Cenozoic Sediments, Baja California

Petrographic, rock magnetic, and paleomagnetic studies of fine-grained red sediments of late Cenozoic age in Baja California show that the sediments have variably acquired chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) overprints that have obscured the original magnetization of the deposits. The chemical remanence in the sediments is carried predominantly by three authigenic minerals — hematite, goethite, and a Mn · Ba compound, herein called “hydropsilomelane” — that occur as pigments and as concretions. Remanence directions generally associated with each mineral are goethite, reverse; hydropsilomelane, normal; and hematite, normal or reverse. Some samples possess a remanence that is strong and normal or strong and reverse; these generally contain only one of the authigenic minerals in abundance. Many samples, however, are weak in intensity and random in direction. When such samples are split into parts and measured, it is generally found that each part is strongly magnetized but that some parts are normal and others are reverse in direction. In such cases, the magnetization of the whole sample is resultant of the multiple components that are generally carried by two or more of the authigenic minerals. The following conclusions can be drawn concerning the acquisition of CRM in the Baja California deposits: (1) The sediments contain chemically unstable iron- and manganese-bearing minerals, such as hornblende and biotite, that are susceptible to postdepositional alteration, and they have provided the parent material for the authigenic magnetic minerals. (2) Authigenic magnetic minerals, growing from crystallites, generally acquired a remanence that was parallel to the Earth9s field when they surpassed the critical grain size. (3) The rate of CRM acquisition has not been uniform in these sediments, probably because the processes of alteration and formation of authigenic magnetic minerals depend on an interplay of highly variable factors such as the chemistry of the interstitial water, hydraulic gradients, and mineralogy of the sediments. (4) Complex variability in acquisition of CRM has led to a remanence stratigraphy that bears little discernible correlation with the geomagnetic field at the time of deposition.
Communication during assassination attempts: Diffusion of information in attacks on President Reagan and the Pope

Diffusion of news of attacks on President Reagan and the Pope were studied in three samples of telephone and face‐to‐face interviews. The first sample of 277 interviews was completed within hours of the Reagan shooting and the second sample of 77 interviews within hours of the attack on the Pope. The third set of 96 interviews was conducted 15 weeks after the second sample. The first two interview sets were designed to measure the diffusion process and to study reactions to the shootings. The third group was studied to determine the effects of delayed measurement of the diffusion of political assassinations on the validity of conclusions drawn by delayed measurement diffusion studies. Results were compared with results from earlier studies of political assassinations.
Magnetic and magneto-photoellipsometric evaluation of corrosion in metal-particle media

The authors describe a magnetooptical (MO) measurement technique by which the surface degradation of metal particle (MP) tape exposed to a high-humidity/high-temperature environment may be detected with relatively high sensitivity. It is demonstrated that, using the concept of the Arrhenius plot, these measurements may be used to provide useful information on the archivability of these tapes. Surface-dependent MO measurements are shown to be better suited to the detection of the onset of corrosion in MP media than methods based on volumetric considerations. At the wavelength chosen the skin depth can be shown to be on the order of 110 nm. This is a significant fraction of the recording depth in the medium at very high bandwidths and is, moreover, the most important fraction. Once an acceptable fractional drop in Kerr signal (correlated with, say, bit error rate) has been established, it is possible to estimate with some confidence of the archival lifetime of any MP tape for a variety of ambient conditions. >
Harvest Distribution and Derivation of Atlantic Flyway Canada Geese

Harvest management of Canada geese Branta canadensis is complicated by the fact that temperate- and subarcticbreeding geese occur in many of the same areas during fall and winter hunting seasons. These populations cannot readily be distinguished, thereby complicating efforts to estimate population-specific harvest and evaluate harvest strategies. In the Atlantic Flyway, annual banding and population monitoring programs are in place for subarcticbreeding (North Atlantic Population, Southern James Bay Population, and Atlantic Population) and temperatebreeding (Atlantic Flyway Resident Population [AFRP]) Canada geese. We used a combination of direct band recoveries and estimated population sizes to determine the distribution and derivation of the harvest of those four populations during the 2004–2005 through 2008–2009 hunting seasons. Most AFRP geese were harvested during the special September season (42%) and regular season (54%) and were primarily taken in the state or province in which they were banded. Nearly all of the special season harvest was AFRP birds: 98% during September seasons and 89% during late seasons. The regular season harvest in Atlantic Flyway states was also primarily AFRP geese (62%), followed in importance by the Atlantic Population (33%). In contrast, harvest in eastern Canada consisted mainly of subarctic geese (42% Atlantic Population, 17% North Atlantic Population, and 6% Southern James Bay Population), with temperatebreeding geese making up the rest. Spring and summer harvest was difficult to characterize because band reporting rates for subsistence hunters are poorly understood; consequently, we were unable to determine the magnitude of subsistence harvest definitively. A better understanding of subsistence hunting is needed because this activity may account for a substantial proportion of the total harvest of subarctic populations. Our results indicate that special September and late seasons in the United States were highly effective in targeting AFRP geese without significantly increasing harvest of subarctic populations. However, it is evident that AFRP geese still are not being harvested at levels high enough to reduce their numbers to the breeding population goal of 700,000.
Synthetic adhesive attachment discs inspired by spider's pyriform silk architecture

Spiders attach their major ampullate silk dragline fibers to surfaces using attachment discs spun from pyriform silk fibers. These attachment discs allow spiders to move safely from place to place while secured to a dragline and to attach their webs to a variety of surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a simple electrospinning process to mimic the "staple-pin" archi- tecture used by spiders for these attachment discs. Experimen- tal and theoretical evidence are provided to confirm the advantages of thousands of micron-size "staple-pins" and their low peeling angles to enhance the adhesive forces required to peel the natural and synthetic attachment discs. These results provide a unique architectural design for fabricating new adhe- sives that uses very little material for various biomedical and material science applications. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 553-560
Introduction to Waves

This chapter contains sections titled: The Wave Equation Waves in Perfect Dielectrics Intrinsic Wave Constants Waves in Lossy Matter Reflection of Waves Transmission-line Concepts Waveguide Concepts Resonator Concepts Radiation Antenna Concepts On Waves in General This chapter contains sections titled: Problems ]]>
What's in a Name?: The Chaetaceous Case of the Chaste Champignon

Abstract Kerrigan, R. W., 1986. What's in a name?: The chaetaceous case of the chaste champignon. Various aspects of the history and biology of the cultivated, two-spored Agaricus must be addressed before the correct name of the species can be determined. These include review of nomenclatural antecedents (particularly pre-Friesian names), evaluation of the types of the species involved, assessment of the utility of characters such as basidiospore number and rufescence of context in the systematics of these fungi, and recognition of our current state of knowledge concerning the group of species to which the cultivated mushroom belongs. In view of these issues, it is the author's opinion that the correct name of the “button mushroom” is uncertain. A recommendation regarding conservation of a species name is made.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Other Causes of Hypercalcemia

Primary hyperparathyroidism continues to be one of the leading causes of Ca urolithiasis.1–5 Although the exact pathogenetic mechanism for the stone formation in primary hyperparathyroidism has not been clarified, effective control of urolithiasis can usually be achieved by the surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue. 6,7 This condition is not too difficult to diagnose when it is fully manifested. However, primary hyperparathyroidism may escape detection in its subtle presentation and may be confused with other forms of Ca urolithiasis. 8,9 This difficulty has resulted in the recommendation of parathyroid exploration, albeit infrequently, in renal 10 and absorptive 11 hypercalciurias. The following cases illustrate examples of such useless surgery.
Asthma on the move: how mobile apps remediate risk for disease management

Mobile health apps have emerged as a technological fix promising to improve asthma management. In the United States, treatment non-adherence has become the most pressing asthma risk; as such, emphasis has increasingly focused on getting asthmatics to take medications as prescribed. In this article I examine how mobile Asthma (mAsthma) apps operate as part of digital risk society, where mobile apps create new modes of risk identification and management; promise to control messy and undisciplined subjects and care practices; use algorithms to generate new risk calculations; and make risk livelier through digital assemblages. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, content analysis of mAsthma app design, as well as interviews with app developers, in this article I argue that these digital care technologies strip disease and risk of biographical, ecological and affective detail in ways that largely reinforce biomedical paradigms. Yet some apps offer new insight into the place-based dynamics of environmental health...
A look at narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics.

At a time when drug abuse is a matter of general concern, the logic behind the choice of an analgesic is very important. Aside from addiction potential, all the narcotics share side effects that mean trouble even when addiction is not a worry, as in terminal cancer. Some analgesics with specific properties, far from being abused, are underused.
Endoscopic management of benign biliary strictures

Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction has evolved tremendously since the introduction of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes over 50 years ago. For the last several decades, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become established as the mainstay for definitively diagnosing and relieving biliary obstruction. In addition, and more recently, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has gained increasing favor as an auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic modality in facilitating decompression of the biliary tree. Here, we provide a review of the current and continually evolving role of gastrointestinal endoscopy, including both ERCP and EUS, in the management of biliary obstruction with a focus on benign biliary strictures.
Surveillance of Disease Vectors After May 12 Earthquake in Aba Prefecture,Sichuan Province

Objective To understand the species and density of disease vector in guake-hit area;to provide evidence for the controll of disease vector rationally and effectively and blocking the infectious disease transmission route.Methods According to the scheme of disease vector survecillance in Wenchuan after earthquake (for trial implementation) issued by health department of Sichuan Province,the densities of mosquitoes,flies and rats in Wenchuan,Li xian,Maoxian,Songpan and Xiaojin were surveyed from June to October 2008. The densities of mosquitoes,flies were surveyed by eye-based method and rats by rat trace board method.Results Twenty-two surveillances were conduceted in 249 resettlement points. The densities of mosquito,rat and fly were 2.71 number/man-hour,2.07 place /2000 meters and 0.91 number/m 2 respectively. The highest fly density was observed in toilets and around garbage. Conclusions The densities of vectors were controlled at a low level by the cooperation of the workers of CDC and relative departments after the earthquake,so the infectious disease transmission by vectors was prevented.
287 PREDICTING URETHRAL INJURY FROM PELVIC FRACTURE PATTERNS IN MALE BLUNT TRAUMA PATIENTS.

Purpose Injury to the urethra is an uncommon complication of pelvic fracture in male blunt trauma victims. We evaluated whether there was an association between location and displacement of anterior pelvic fractures and presence of urethral injury. Methods and Materials We completed a retrospective, nested case-control study of 119 male patients, a subset of a previously reported cohort from a large level 1 trauma center between January 1, 1997 and July 15, 2003. We performed detailed measurements of the location, displacement, and direction of force of each anterior pelvic fracture from CT scans and pelvic radiographs. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the presence and strength of any association between specific anterior pelvic fracture locations and urethral injury after controlling for age, mechanism of injury, overall injury severity, and direction of force. The study design and implementation were approved by the institutional review board with a waiver of informed consent. Results Urethral injury was present in 25 patients, and all had anterior pelvic fracture (inclusive of pubic symphysis diastasis). There were no urethral injuries in patients with fractures isolated to the acetabulum. Pelvic fractures that were independently associated with urethral injury in the multiple regression model included displaced fractures of the inferomedial pubic bone, OR = 6.4 (95% CI 1.6 to 24.9), and symphysis pubis diastasis, OR = 11.8 (95% CI 4.0 to 34.5). Each millimeter of diastasis of the symphysis pubis or displacement of an inferomedial pubic bone fracture was associated with an approximately 10% increased risk for urethral injury. Conclusions The location and extent of displacement of anterior pelvic fractures in males predict risk of urethral injury and may be valuable in determining when evaluation of the urethra is appropriate.
Massively parallel inverse rendering using Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization

We present a novel GPU-accelerated per-pixel inverse rendering optimization algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Our algorithm estimates the per-pixel scene attributes—including reflectance properties—of a 3D model, and is fast enough to do in situ visualization of the optimization in real-time. The algorithm’s high parallel efficiency is demonstrated through our GPU/GLSL shader implementation of the method. IRPSO is validated experimentally on simulated ground truth images, while a suite of tests performed on the University of Southern California’s High Performance Computing Center cluster provides strong evidence that our method can scale to larger, more difficult inverse rendering problems.
Self-Invention in the Realm of Production: Craft, Beauty, and Community in the American Counterculture, 1964–1978

In the 1960s and 1970s, self-avowed members of the counterculture, often based on the west coast and in the Rocky Mountain West, eschewed critics’ stereotypical notions of stoned and indolent hippies and struggled to build an alternative economic system. While rejecting corporate capitalism and consumer acquisitiveness, they built new enterprises, new institutions, new organizational forms, and new practices that gave proof of the possibility of creating economically sustainable, alternative lives. Do-it-yourself practices, especially building one’s own home or repairing one’s own vehicle, promised to free practitioners from working for wages in order to afford consumer goods—even as DIY culture often promoted traditional gender roles. While many of the counterculture’s attempts at escaping the employee-consumer nexus failed or were short-lived, it did succeed in outlining an alternative approach to both production and consumption that has had a continuing impact on American capitalist development.
Role of IFN-α signaling in T cell pool dysregulation during chronic exposure to type-I IFN under lymphopenic conditions: impact on HIV pathogenesis (VIR9P.1145)

HIV infection and its associated chronic immune activation alter T cell homeostasis leading to CD4 T cell depletion and CD8 T cell expansion. The mechanisms behind these outcomes are not totally defined and only partially explained by the direct cytopathic effect of the virus. We established a murine model of immunpoathogenesis in which adoptive T cell transfer into lymphopenic hosts chronically treated with IFN-α leads to CD4 T cell depletion and CD8 T cell expansion, recapitulating the alteration of the T cell pools observed in HIV infected patients. In these conditions, CD4 T cells undergoing IL-7/lymphopenia induced-proliferation upregulate their level of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) resulting in enhanced CD4 T cell responsiveness to IFN-α. In this setting, CD4 T cell depletion resulted from an indirect effect of IFN-α driven inflammatory environment, since animals with IFNAR deficient T cells underwent the same degree of CD4 T cell depletion than wild type animals. In contrast, direct IFN-α signaling through IFNAR on CD8 T cells was necessary for their expansion induced by chronic exposure to Type-I IFN under lymphopenic conditions. These findings suggest that direct and indirect effects of IFN-α signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Further analysis of this pathway may contribute to the development of new strategies to reverse the dysregulation of the T cell pools seen in patients with HIV infection.
Abstract 4939: The baffling effect of bafilomycin on Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) constitute 15 to 20% of all breast cancers and lack expression of ER/PR and Her2 receptors. Owing to an aggressive phenotype and lack of targeted therapies, TNBC has poor prognosis. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway known to be important for normal mammary development and breast cancer progression. Although there has been considerable research on the role of Notch in TNBC, little is known about its regulation. Identifying novel molecules that regulate Notch can lead to the development of effective combinatorial treatments. The Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is a proton pump responsible for maintaining pH. Expression of V-ATPase is upregulated in tumor cells, promoting cancer proliferation and metastasis. We have previously identified the role of V-ATPase a2 isoform (V0a2) in pregnancy and cancer. Here, we report that V-ATPase regulates Notch Signaling in TNBC. Upon treatment with Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), a specific V-ATPase inhibitor, Notch and Wnt Signaling genes were significantly upregulated in TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 (p Citation Format: Sahithi Pamarthy, Mukesh K. Jaiswal, Arpita Kulshrestha, Gajendra Katara, Safaa Ibrahim, Alice Gilman-Sachs, Kenneth D. Beaman. The baffling effect of bafilomycin on Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4939. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4939
Maternal BMI as a predictor of methylation of obesity-related genes in saliva samples from preschool-age Hispanic children at-risk for obesity.

The study of epigenetic processes and mechanisms present a dynamic approach to assess complex individual variation in obesity susceptibility. However, few studies have examined epigenetic patterns in preschool-age children at-risk for obesity despite the relevance of this developmental stage to trajectories of weight gain. We hypothesized that salivary DNA methylation patterns of key obesogenic genes in Hispanic children would 1) correlate with maternal BMI and 2) allow for identification of pathways associated with children at-risk for obesity. Genome-wide DNA methylation was conducted on 92 saliva samples collected from Hispanic preschool children using the Infinium Illumina HumanMethylation 450 K BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA), which interrogates >484,000 CpG sites associated with ~24,000 genes. The analysis was limited to 936 genes that have been associated with obesity in a prior GWAS Study. Child DNA methylation at 17 CpG sites was found to be significantly associated with maternal BMI, with increased methylation at 12 CpG sites and decreased methylation at 5 CpG sites. Pathway analysis revealed methylation at these sites related to homocysteine and methionine degradation as well as cysteine biosynthesis and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, eight of the 17 CpG sites reside in genes (FSTL1, SORCS2, NRF1, DLC1, PPARGC1B, CHN2, NXPH1) that have prior known associations with obesity, diabetes, and the insulin pathway. Our study confirms that saliva is a practical human tissue to obtain in community settings and in pediatric populations. These salivary findings indicate potential epigenetic differences in Hispanic preschool children at risk for pediatric obesity. Identifying early biomarkers and understanding pathways that are epigenetically regulated during this critical stage of child development may present an opportunity for prevention or early intervention for addressing childhood obesity. The clinical trial protocol is available at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01316653 ). Registered 3 March 2011
Using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction to Predict Vegetable Subgroup Consumption among College Students.

ABSTRACTBackground: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) currently recommends that young adults consume 2.5–3 cups of vegetables daily, while also providing weekly recommendations for 5 vegetable subgroups: dark green, red and orange, beans and peas, starchy, and other. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore theory-based determinants of consumption for 5 USDA vegetable subgroups among college students. Methods: Operationalizing the integrative model of behavioral prediction (IMB), a survey was developed and distributed online to college students (n = 386). Linear regression models were used to predict behavioral intentions of each subgroup with attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC), and logistic regression models predicted whether students met (or did not meet) recommendations, with intentions and PBC. Results: Collectively, IBM constructs accounted for 40.5%–54.6% of the variance of intentions and 14.2%–44.3% of the variance of each subgroup. Discussi...
Putting Yourself on the Line: Self-Esteem and Expressing Affection in Romantic Relationships:

Although expressing affection is an important way to connect to a romantic partner, it also involves putting yourself on the line—revealing dependence on your partner. Extending the risk-regulation model, we hypothesized that individuals with lower self-esteem (SE), who are concerned about vulnerability in relationships, experience less rewarding reactions to expressing affection, and believe that their partners respond less positively to receiving affection. We assessed these predictions across two studies that measured retrospective reports, reactions to an in vivo exchange and responses in daily life. We found that participants with lower SE expressed less affection and experienced less positive emotional, cognitive, and physiological reactions when doing so. Participants with lower SE believed that their partners derived fewer benefits from their affection despite that their partners experienced normative boosts in positive emotion and relationship satisfaction during these exchanges. The consequences...
Management of Treatment‐Related Adverse Events with Agents Targeting the MAPK Pathway in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Tremendous progress has been made in the clinical landscape of advanced‐stage BRAF V600–mutant melanoma treatment over the past 5 years. Targeted therapies that inhibit specific steps of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway have been shown to provide significant overall treatment benefit in patients with this difficult‐to‐treat disease. Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib plus trametinib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib, respectively) has become standard of care. These agents are administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs; thus, some patients may remain on maintenance therapy for an extended period of time, while toxicities may result in early discontinuation in other patients. Because the goal of treatment is to prolong survival with minimal impairment of quality of life, drug‐related adverse events (AEs) require prompt management to ensure that patients derive the best possible benefit from therapy. Proper management depends on an understanding of which AEs are most likely BRAF or MEK inhibitor associated, thus providing a rationale for dose modification of the appropriate drug. Additionally, the unique safety profile of the chosen regimen may influence patient selection and monitoring. This review discusses the toxicity profiles of these agents, with a focus on the most commonly reported and serious AEs. Here, we offer practical guidance derived from our clinical experience for the optimal management of key drug‐related AEs.
A Multilevel Examination of Local Newspaper Credibility

This study adopts a multilevel framework to test whether perceived credibility of local newspapers is explained by individual- and community-level factors. Data from a community survey in the Unite...
Media-Rich Fake News Detection: A Survey

Fake News has been around for decades and with the advent of social media and modern day journalism at its peak, detection of media-rich fake news has been a popular topic in the research community. Given the challenges associated with detecting fake news research problem, researchers around the globe are trying to understand the basic characteristics of the problem statement. This paper aims to present an insight on characterization of news story in the modern diaspora combined with the differential content types of news story and its impact on readers. Subsequently, we dive into existing fake news detection approaches that are heavily based on text-based analysis, and also describe popular fake news data-sets. We conclude the paper by identifying 4 key open research challenges that can guide future research.
Perceived Workload and Performance in the Presence of a Malodor

As part of an olfactory adaptation experiment, researchers collected NASA Task Load Index (TLX) data from United States Military Academy cadets who completed two complex tasks in either the presence or absence of a simulated malodor. Results showed that participants exposed to the odor twice tended to show a decrease in perceived mental demand during the second task. Furthermore, these participants also showed a higher correlation coefficient between decrease in mental demand and improvement in task performance. Taken together, these results indicate a possible link between olfactory adaptation and perceived mental demand, at least in the presence of a malodor.
Receptors for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: Structural Comparisons and Recent Functional Insights

Unique cellular responses to steroid hormones occur through the latter’s capacity to alter the expression of certain genes (1). An analogous series of biochemical processes has been postulated to unfold during the action of the renal vitamin D3 hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (2,3). Accordingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 associates with an intracellular receptor protein, whereupon, via a largely unknown mechanism thought to involve genomic DNA, it modifies the transcriptional activity of hormone-sensitive genes (3). Receptor proteins for 1,25(OH)2D3 have been the recent focus of intense research, largely because it is clear that knowledge of their function is the key to understanding both the mechanism of vitamin D3 action as well as the molecular abnormalities which underlie tissue resistant disease states (4). This chapter describes our view of the physical and functional properties of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors and documents certain cellular events which appear to be integral to the molecular action of this calcium regulating hormone.
Schizophrenia, Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Sleep

Sleep disorders are a prominent feature of many of the major neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, and likely contribute to the associated symptoms and cognitive deficits.
Principles for the Development of Upper Ontologies in Higher-level Information Fusion Applications

The use of ontologies within many information science communities is growing at an ever-increasing rate. This is especially true of higher-level multisource information fusion applications, where there is a genuine need for an improved understanding of the complex relational items (e.g. intentions, capabilities, opportunities and vulnerabilities) typically associated with situation and threat assessment (STA). Still, most current ontology development tools lack the resources to support the sorts of ontological distinctions necessary to provide a sufficiently scalable and reusable ontology product for STA purposes. In this paper we analyze the types of complex relations typically involved in STA ontology and discuss how these distinctions can serve as a theoretical framework for the enhancement of existing ontology development tools, especially as these relate to STA ontology.
Surface Characterization of the Plasmaionic Liquid Interface Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Room temperature ionic liquids (IL) are salts that are liquid below 100°C and are typically chemically stable and nonvolatile, making them useful solvents for a variety of applications.1 As a result of their low vapor pressure, ILs have been used with low-pressure plasmas to produce metal nanoparticles through the reduction of dissolved metal salts.2 In this work, we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the plasma-IL interface before and after plasma exposure. XPS is a surface-sensitive technique that uses soft X-rays to liberate core electrons from a sample material. These core electrons are then energy-analyzed to determine chemical composition. The IL used here is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]) and is exposed to a low-pressure (100–500 mTorr) DC discharge with one stainless steel electrode and a second electrode immersed in the IL. XPS spectra will be presented for [BMIm][BF4] before and after plasma exposure. The results are important for understanding the processes occurring at the IL surface that ultimately enable nanoparticle production in ILs with dissolved metal salts.
Ultrawideband Compact 50:200 Ohm Guanella Balun Using Asymmetric Broadside-Coupled Lines

We present the design and measurement of a planar ultrawideband $50:200\ \Omega$ Guanella balun operating with a 1 dB differential insertion loss from 0.35 to 3.4 GHz for ultrawideband radar antennas. We excite the Guanella balun with a Ricker wavelet centered around 700 MHz to 1.6 GHz and see little distortion in time domain. The response appears to be the best published low frequency response to date of a compact planar microwave Guanella balun. This Guanella balun importantly enables integrated compact feeding of high-impedance balanced antennas such as Resistivelv-Loaded Vee Dipoles.
Geographic Classification of U.S. Washington State Wines Using Elemental and Water Isotope Composition

Wine fraud leaves wineries vulnerable to damage in reputation and potential lost revenue. To reduce this risk for wines from Washington State (WA), USA, advanced analytical instrumentation and statistical methods were employed to geographically classify 133 wines from 4 major wine producing regions, including 70 wines from WA. Analyses of 37 elements and 2 water isotopes were performed with Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis resulted in 96.2% discrimination, achieved with 11 parameters (Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, As, D/H, La, Ce, Si, Zr and Sr) that were linearly combined into 3 functions. WA wines were uniquely distinguished in large part with low D/H ratios and Mn concentrations derived from the isotopically light precipitation and volcanic loess soils encountered in this region, respectively. This study is the first of its kind to focus on the authentication of WA wines.
Local Therapy Decisional Regret in Older Women With Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Purpose Older women with nonmetastatic breast cancer can often choose from several surgery and radiation treatment options. Little is known regarding how these choices contribute to decisional regret, which is a negative emotion reflecting the idea that another surgery or radiation decision might have been preferable. We sought to characterize the burden of and examine potential risk factors for local therapy decisional regret among a population-based cohort of older breast cancer survivors. Methods and Materials National Medicare claims for age ≥67 female breast cancer incident in 2009 identified patients treated with lumpectomy plus whole-breast irradiation, brachytherapy, or endocrine therapy or mastectomy with or without radiation. We sampled 330 patients per treatment group (N = 1650), of whom 1253 agreed to receive a paper survey including the Decisional Regret Scale and EQ-5D-3L Health-Utility Scale. Local therapy regret was defined as neutral or worse response to questions regarding surgery- or radiation-related decisional regret. Local therapy regret risk factors were evaluated using a multivariable generalized linear model. Association of local therapy regret with health utility was modeled using multivariable linear regression. Results The response rate was 30.2% (n = 498 of 1650); 421 surveys were included in this analysis. Median diagnosis age was 72 years, and surveys were completed 6 years after diagnosis. Overall, 23.8% of respondents (n = 100) reported experiencing local therapy decisional regret. Type of local therapy was not associated with local therapy regret. Predictors of increased regret included black race (risk ratio [RR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-3.29), high school education or less (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.27-2.75), and axillary nodal dissection (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.33-3.41). Local therapy regret was not associated with health utility (P = .37). Conclusions Local therapy regret afflicts nearly one quarter of our cohort of older breast cancer survivors, and it is associated with black race, less education, and more extensive nodal dissection, but not breast surgery. Regret is distinct from health utility, suggesting that it is a unique psychosocial construct that merits further study and mitigation strategies.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-LEFT VENTRICLE ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION CHANGES IN DIFFUSION CAPACITY OF LUNGS FOR CARBON MONOXIDE (DLCO)

Pulmonary function (PF) and diffusion capacity of lungs (DLCO) do not improve following implantation of Left Ventricle Assist Devices (LVAD) despite an increase in cardiac output. We hypothesized DLCO post-surgery may be influenced by right ventricular (RV) function assessed by echo prior to LVAD
Stability of coefficients in the Kronecker product of a hook and a rectangle

We use recent work of Jonah Blasiak (2012 arXiv:1209.2018) to prove a stability result for the coefficients in the Kronecker product of two Schur functions: one indexed by a hook partition and one indexed by a rectangle partition. We also give nearly sharp bounds for the size of the partition starting with which the Kronecker coefficients are stable. Moreover, we show that once the bound is reached, no new Schur functions appear in the decomposition of Kronecker product. We call this property superstability. Thus, one can recover the Schur decomposition of the Kronecker product from the smallest case in which the superstability holds. The bound for superstability is sharp. Our study of this particular case of the Kronecker product is motivated by its usefulness for the understanding of the quantum Hall effect (Scharf T et al 1994 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen 27 4211–9).