cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lability of R- and T-wave peaks in three-dimensional electrocardiograms in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia during follow-up

Abstract Introduction From experiments, we know that the heterogeneity of action potential duration and morphology is an important mechanism of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Electrocardiogram (ECG) markers of repolarization lability are known; however, lability of depolarization has not been systematically studied. We propose a novel method for the assessment of variability of both depolarization and repolarization phases of the cardiac cycle. Methods Baseline orthogonal ECGs of 81 patients (mean ± SD age, 56 ± 13 years; 61 male [75%]) with structural heart disease and implanted single-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were analyzed. Clean 30-beat intervals with absence of premature beats were then selected. Baseline wandering was corrected before analysis. Peaks of R wave and peaks of T wave were detected for each beat, and the axis magnitude was calculated. The peaks were plotted to show clouds of peaks and then used to construct a convex hull, and the volumes of the R peaks cloud and T peaks cloud and ratio of volumes were calculated. Results During a mean (SD) follow-up period of 13 (10) months, 9 of the 81 patients had sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) and received appropriate ICD therapies. All ICD events were adjudicated by three independent electrophysiologists. There was no statistically significant difference in the volume of T-wave peaks or R-wave peaks between patients with and without VT or VF during follow-up; however, R/T peaks cloud volume ratio was significantly lower in patients with subsequent VT/VF (22.4 ± 25.4 versus 13.1 ± 7.9, P = .024). Conclusions Larger volume of T peaks cloud, measured during 30 beats of three-dimensional ECG, is associated with higher risk of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies. New method to assess temporal variability of repolarization in three-dimensional ECGs by measuring volume of peak clouds shows potential for further exploration for VT/VF risk stratification.
Cadmium-mediated inhibition of testicular heme oxygenase activity: The role of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase

Abstract The concerted activity of two microsomal enzymes, heme oxygenase and NADPH-cytochrome c ( P -450) reductase, is required for isomer-specific oxidation of heme molecule; heme oxygenase is commonly believed to be rate limiting in this activity. In this report, we provide evidence strongly suggesting the rate-limiting role of the reductase in oxidation of heme molecule in rat testis. In the testis and the liver of rats treated with Cd (20 μmol/kg, sc, 24 h) heme oxygenase activity, assessed by the formation of bilirubin, was decreased by 50% and increased by 7-fold, respectively. In these animals, the reductase activity was decreased by nearly 75% in the testis, but remained unchanged in the liver. Similarly, the reductase activity in the liver was not altered when heme oxygenase activity was increased by 20-fold in response to bromobenzene treatment. Addition of purified testicular reductase preparation (purified over 4000-fold), or hepatic reductase, to the testicular microsomes of Cd-treated rats obliterated the Cd-mediated inhibition of heme oxygenase activity. The chromatographic separation of heme oxygenase and the reductase of the testicular microsomal fractions revealed that the reductase activity was markedly decreased (75%) while the heme oxygenase activity, when assessed in the presence of exogenous reductase, was not affected by in vivo Cd treatment. In vitro , the membrane-bound reductase preparation obtained from the testis was more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of Cd than the liver preparation. However, the purified reductase preparations from the testis and the liver exhibited a similar degree of sensitivity to Cd. Based on the molar ratio of heme oxygenase to the reductase in the microsomal membranes of the liver and the testis it appeared that the testicular heme oxygenase, which is predominantly HO-2 isoform, interacts with the reductase less effectively than HO-1; in the induced liver, heme oxygenase is predominantly the HO-1 isoform. It is suggested that due to the low abundance of NADPH-cytochrome c ( P -450) reductase and the apparently lower affinity of the enzyme for HO-2, the reductase exerts a regulatory action on heme oxygenase activity in the testis.
A first‐principles model of spectrally resolved 5.3 μm nitric oxide emission from aurorally dosed nighttime high‐altitude terrestrial thermosphere

[1] The spectrally resolved nighttime 5.3 μm emission from NO observed by the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) experiment aboard space shuttle Discovery at 195 km tangent altitude during a strong auroral event is modeled using a first-principles kinetics model. An appropriate SHARC (Strategic High Altitude Radiance Code) Atmospheric Generator (SAG) is dosed with an IBC class III aurora. The spectrally resolved fundamental vibration-rotation band emissions from NO around 5.3 μm resulting from impacts of ambient NO with O as well as reactions of N atoms with O2 are calculated under steady state conditions. The calculated results, using a local translational temperature derived from the observed spectrum, are in excellent agreement with the CIRRIS-1A observations, validating our model. The importance of the accurate nascent vibrational and rotational distribution of chemically produced NO as well as the collisonally induced rotation-to-vibration relaxation of rotationally hot NO is pointed out.
Advanced LIGO Coating Research

The optical coating R&D work for the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) is reported. Further reductions of the thermal noise from optical coating for the Advanced LIGO are discussed.
A multistep constant-head borehole test to determine field saturated hydraulic conductivity of layered soils

Abstract Although most field soils are heterogeneous, existing analytical solutions to estimate field saturated hydraulic conductivity Kfs in unsaturated systems assume that the soil is homogeneous. To overcome the limitations of existing analytical solutions we propose a multistep constant head borehole test to evaluate the field saturated hydraulic conductivity of layered media. The field test consists of conducting constant head borehole tests at different depths that correspond to the different layers in the soil. Measurements of water level and the stable flow rate are then used to compute the hydraulic conductivity of each layer. Equations for evaluating the saturated conductivity of each layer are derived. To determine the flow contribution of each layer, a new pressure solution is also presented. One of the assumptions of the proposed analytical solution is that the pressure gradient on the borehole wall of each layer is independent of the hydraulic conductivity of the layer. Comparison of analytical results with numerical simulation results show that this assumption is reasonable. The proposed analytical procedure can be used to calculate both the saturated and unsaturated flow components. For deep boreholes with large H a ratios (≥ 20; H constant depth of water; a borehole radius) the effect of unsaturated flow on the estimated field saturated hydraulic conductivity can be neglected and only one borehole is required. However, for shallow boreholes ( H a ), the unsaturated flow component is not negligible and can be estimated by drilling two nearby boreholes of different radii. Field test results are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed method using deep boreholes in an arid setting. Constant-head borehole tests were repeated at different depths, depending on the number of layers in the system. This test provides a method to determine the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity for layered soils which is important for accurate evaluation of subsurface flow and contaminant transport.
Space missions for SETI

Radio Telescopes for SETI searches are less demanding than general purpose astronomical radio telescopes. This provides an opportunity to exploit economical approaches in designing SETI systems. Radio Telescopes in low Earth orbit offer no discernible advantages to SETI; indeed, they probably would perform more poorly than a telescope in any other location. Telescopes in geosynchronous orbits would be sufficiently far from Earth to mitigate greatly the deleterious effect of human radio transmissions. Telescopes on the far side of the moon would be superb both from a radio interference standpoint, and from a civil engineering standpoint. Single-reflector telescopes as large as 50 kilometers in diameter could be constructed with conventional materials. However, their costs appear prohibitive. The asteroid belt and the outer solar system are unpromising places to place a large radio telescope. Perhaps the ultimate radio telescope would utilize the sun as a gravitational lens, focusing radiation on free-flying 10-meter class or possibly larger radio telescopes located at distances of the order of 1000 A.U. from the sun. Such a combination has an energy collecting area at 10 centimeters wavelength equivalent to that of a radio telescope about 11 kilometers in diameter, or of the order of 3000 Arecibo radio telescopes. Such a system could detect transmitters with EIRP of the order of a gigawatt at a distance of the order of the distance to the galactic center.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Expression in Escherichia coli of Full-length cDNAs of Three Human Glutathione S-Transferase Pi Gene Variants EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENTIAL CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE ENCODED PROTEINS

We report the isolation of three full-length cDNAs corresponding to the mRNAs of closely related glutathione S-transferase (GST) Pi genes, designated hGSTP1*A, hGSTP1*B, and hGSTP1*C, expressed in normal cells and malignant gliomas. The variant cDNAs result from A → G and C → T transitions at nucleotides +313 and +341, respectively. The transitions changed codon 104 from ATC (Ile) in hGSTP1*A to GTC (Val) in hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C and changed codon 113 from GCG (Ala) to GTG (Val) in hGSTP1*C Both amino changes are in the electrophile-binding active site of the GST Pi peptide. Computer modeling of the deduced crystal structures of the encoded peptides showed significant deviations in the interatomic distances of critical electrophile-binding active site amino acids as a consequence of the amino acid changes. The encoded proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH affinity chromatography showed a 3-fold lower Km (CDNB) and a 3-4-fold higher Kcat/Km for the hGSTP1*A encoded protein than the proteins encoded by hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C Analysis of 75 cases showed the relative frequency of hGSTP1*C to be 4-fold higher in malignant gliomas than in normal tissues. These data provide conclusive molecular evidence of allelopolymorphism of the human GST Pi gene locus, resulting in active, functionally different GST Pi proteins, and should facilitate studies of the role of this gene in xenobiotic metabolism, cancer, and other human diseases.
Frictional force measurement between a single plug and the pipe wall in dense phase pneumatic conveying

Abstract A new measurement technique to determine the frictional force between a plug and the pipe wall in dense phase pneumatic conveying was developed. Four strain gauges were installed on the outer surface of the pipe wall and strains were measured at different locations (top, back, bottom, and front) of the pipe wall, where the strain signals were obtained. The frictional forces were determined for different experimental conditions such as the superficial air velocity and the amount of material being transported. Polyester and polystyrenes with different size and shape, and polyolefin materials were tested in this study. It was found that the frictional force is related to the plug length as well as material properties such as size, shape of the polymer particles and contact area with the wall. In addition, it was found that the frictional force was the highest at the top or sides of the pipe and was smallest at the bottom of the pipe depending on the particle characteristics. The ratio of shear stress to the overall driving pressure for the plug decreased when the plug length is increased.
Observations on epizootiology and distribution of Elaeophora schneideri in Montana ruminants.

Seventy-four moose, 111 elk, 20 mule deer, 8 white-tailed deer, 26 pronghorn antelope, 42 domestic sheep and 3 bighorn sheep from Montana or northwestern Wyoming were examined post-mortem for evidence of Elaeophora schneideri infection in 1973-74. Fifteen percent of the mule deer and four percent of the moose were positive for adult arterial worms. This constitutes the first report of E. schneideri in mule deer in Montana. No gross signs of blindness or other neurologic disorder were evident in the infected animals. Potential horsefly intermediate hosts collected in the enzootic area included Hybomitra rhombica osburni, H. tetrica, H. metabola, Chrysops noctifer pertinax and Atylotus incisuralis.
Discovery of a novel and potent series of dianilinopyrimidineurea and urea isostere inhibitors of VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase.

Abstract A series of dianilinopyrimidineureas demonstrate potency as VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors.
Screening for colorectal cancer: using data to set prevention priorities

Introduction Adherence to colorectal cancer screening recommendations is known to vary by state, but less information is available about within-state variability. In the current study, we assess county-level screening rates for Missouri, with the goal of better targeting public health efforts to increase screening.
Is porphyria cutanea tarda a paraneoplastic disorder

T he term porphyria cutanea tarda (PCZ’) encompasses a group of inherited or acquired metabolic disorders of the heme biosynthetic pathway characterized by deficient activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-D). The resultant excess accumulation and excretion of several polycarboxylated porphyrin by-products of the pathway, most prominently uroporphyrin (B-COOH), heptacarboxylic porphyrin, and isocoproporphyrin (4-COOH), biochemically characterize these disorders. In acquired, or sporadic, PCT (type I) reduced activity of URO-D can be detected in liver tissue.’ In familial PCT (type II), heterozygous inheritance of a gene defect encoding altered URO-D protein results in reduced enzyme activity that can be detected in erythrocytes as well as in liver.2 Heterozygous familial PCT in which erythrocyte URO-D activity is normal (type III) has also been described.3,4 Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) is a disorder resulting from inheritance of two mutant genes, each encoding defective URO-D, typically yielding a profoundly reduced residual enzyme activity.5*6 Epidemic forms of PCT resulting from exposure to hepatotoxic polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons compounds such as hexachlorobenzene’ and dioxin8 have also been described.
Small Sample Properties of Distributed Lag Estimators with Misspecified Lag Structure

Abstract The small sample properties of several distributed lag estimators are examined under conditions of misspecified lag structure, such as fitting a geometric estimator to a second order lag distribution. Evaluation includes analyses of the estimated average lags and the adjustment rates. Lag structure misspecification is found to yield large biases in the average lag and adjustment rate, especially compared to the biases resulting from a correctly specified but poorly designed estimator. The test statistics are found to be unreliable and often misleading indicators of lag structure misspecification.
Visual search for a socially defined feature: what causes the search asymmetry favoring cross-race faces?

Levin (1996, 2000) reported that white subjects search for black targets more quickly than they search for white targets, suggesting that black faces are perceived as having a feature that is lacking in white faces. Here we test one of the implications of this asymmetry by having subjects search for samerace (SR) and cross-race (CR) faces that are distorted to look less like each other (producing caricatures that enhance race-specifying features), or are distorted to look more like each other (a prototypical distortion expected to reduce the salience of race-specifying features). Experiments 1 and 2 show that caricaturing the feature-positive CR distractors speeds search for the SR face and that prototypical distortion slows this search. The same distortions in SR faces did not affect the search slopes. However, these distortions also eliminated the overall advantage for CR faces. Experiment 3 shows that trial-to-trial variation in the specific distractors in each display can eliminate the asymmetry and suggests that this asymmetry depends on the subjects’ ability to set a consistent a priori perceptual criterion when searching for a CR target, while the distortion effects emphasize the importance of distractorrejection processes in determining the form of a serial search asymmetry.
Synaptic morphology and cytoplasmic densities: rapid post-mortem effects.

Abstract In the study of nervous tissue, the shift from the living state to the post-mortem condition affects the ultrastructure of the neuron in ways incompletely understood. We have observed rapid post-mortem changes associated with the synaptic region in the molecular layer of the rat dentate gyrus. These changes are evident in tissue taken from anesthetized animals in which perfusion was begun while the heart was beating but breathing had stopped. Such alterations were rarely in evidence if perfusion was started while the animal was breathing, either with or without artificial means. The following morphological alterations were observed: (a) an increase in spherical electron densities seen near the synapse as well as in the perinuclear cytoplasm; (b) a variation in the amount of density attached to the thickening of post-synaptic membrane; (c) a change in the curvature of the synaptic cleft. Because of these rapid alterations, caution is recommended in the interpretation of the in vivo morphology of the synapse and associated densities.
The Effect of Different Methods of Chlortetracycline Application on the Shelf-Life of Chicken Fryers

Abstract THE effectiveness of antibiotics as food preservative has been the subject of many investigations. Tarr et al. (1952) investigated fifteen antibiotics as preservatives of fish. Of these antibiotics, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol, in the order named, were the most effective in prolonging the freshness of fish. Kohler et al. (1955) reported an increase in the shelf-life of eviscerated and cut-up chicken of 7 to 14 days over untreated controls when they were dipped in 3 to 30 ppm. chlortetracycline solutions. Ziegler and Stadelman (1955) showed similar results when concentrations of 10, 20 or 40 ppm. chlortetracycline were used in the dipping solution. Shannon and Stadelman (1957) found that 10 ppm. chlortetracycline in water as a dip for pan-ready poultry significantly extended the shelf-life over untreated controls at storage temperatures of 32° and 68°F. Recently, numerous comparisons have been made between the tetracycline antibiotics. Ayres et al. (1956) and Wells et…
The distribution of tracer doses of cadmium in the normal rat

The distribution and excretion of a single tracer dose of cadmium-109 given intravenously to rats were studied in a 60-day time course experiment. The organs that accumulated the most cadmium were the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Initial high plasma levels decreased rapidly, and most of the cadmium that remained in the blood after 24 hr was found in the red cells. In most organs and tissues a level was reached within 24 hr at which the cadmium concentration remained relatively stable. Kidney was a marked exception because the amount of cadmium found in that organ increased progressively. Excretion of cadmium was found to be predominantlyvia the feces. Twenty-five to 28% of the dose was excreted by that route in 60 days, the most rapid phase occurring during the first three days. Less than 0.15% of the dose was excretedvia the urine.
Home Modifications for the Elderly

With society placing high positive value on independent living for the elderly, the need for home modification is growing. This paper will describe current information as well as psychosocial implications the occupational therapist should consider when collaborating with their elderly clients who wish to remain at home and “age in place.”
Sex ratio, monogamy and breeding success in the Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum)

The Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum) is a large, aggressive monogamous fish from the Great Lakes of Nicaragua. It lives in an ecosystem where breeding sites are at a premium and where breeding success can be low. I tested the strength of the pair bond by manipulating the sex ratios in captive groups, using ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 1:2 and 1:4 (♂♂:♀♀). No polygamy was seen at any of the ratios. Departure from a ratio of 1:1 decreased breeding success for those pairs that formed. Both sexes appeared to enforce the pair bond but did so in different ways: females attacked males and females equally but males attacked other males significantly more than they did females. These results, coupled with field observations, indicate the Midas cichlid is obligated to monogamy by the demands of competition for breeding sites, the need for two parents to protect the fry and by energetic constraints.
Organic and Conventional Peach Production and Economics

ABSTRACT A two year study was undertaken to compare organic peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) production with conventional production. Peach trees treated with nitrogen containing fertilizers (dairy manure and NH4NO3) were more vigorous, productive, and cold hardy than trees treated with an organic seaweed product or the nontreated controls. Organic production inputs were more costly than conventional inputs, however, these greater costs were more than compensated for by high market prices which lead to higher net returns for organically produced peaches. A taste test found no significant preference for either organic or conventional peaches.
Functional complementation of ataxia-telangiectasia group D (AT-D) cells by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer and mapping of the AT-D locus to the region 11q22-23

The hereditary human disease ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is characterized by phenotypic complexity at the cellular level. We show that multiple mutant phenotypes of immortalized AT cells from genetic complementation group D (AT-D) are corrected after the introduction of a single human chromosome from a human-mouse hybrid line by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. This chromosome is cytogenetically abnormal. It consists primarily of human chromosome 18, but it carries translocated material from the region 11q22-23, where one or more AT genes have been previously mapped by linkage analysis. A cytogenetically normal human chromosome 18 does not complement AT-D cells after microcell-mediated transfer, whereas a normal human chromosome 11 does. We conclude that the AT-D gene is located on chromosome 11q22-23.
Synthesis of large-pore silica with cage-like structure using sodium silicate and triblock copolymer template

Silicas with large (about 10 nm in diameter), uniform, cage-like pores were synthesized from sodium silicate and poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(butylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) B50-6600 triblock copolymer template (EO39BO47EO39) under acidic conditions. The synthesis procedure was analogous to that reported by others for FDU-1 silica with highly ordered cubic Im3m structure, but in our study, an expensive tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was successfully replaced by cost-efficient sodium silicate. Adsorption and thermogravimetric properties of the silicas synthesized from sodium silicate were found to closely resemble those of FDU-1 silicas synthesized from TEOS, but the pore volumes and specific surface areas of the former were found to be lower in most cases. The uniform cage-like structures assembled from sodium silicate formed at room temperature and 318 K, but no ordered structure was obtained at 333 K, whereas in the case of TEOS, an ordered structure formed also at 333 K. The sample synthesized at ro...
Sex Differences in Cortisol Level and Neurobehavioral Disinhibition in Children of Substance Abusers

SUMMARY This investigation determined the extent to which cortisol level, an index of HPA axis activity, covaries with neurobehavioral disinhibition. The sample consisted of 369 boys and 91 girls who were assigned to either a high average risk (HAR) group or a low average risk (LAR) group based on the presence or absence of paternal substance use disorder (SUD). Neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed using a combination of questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. Saliva was collected for cortisol determination during a mild stressor and again 35 minutes after the task. The results indicated that disinhibition was higher and cortisol level lower in boys compared to girls. Cortisol level was negatively correlated with severity of neurobehavioral disinhibition in girls, accounting for 24% of the variance. A similar trend was observed in the boys; however, the correlation did not attain statistical significance. Based on these findings, it is tentatively concluded that boys and girls differ with respe...
The Gartner Hype Cycle for metamaterials

Even though metamaterials have been around for over 15 years, their optical applications have yet to gain significant commercial traction. Inspired by the Gartner Hype Cycle, which tracks the evolution of a technology over time, in this paper we examine the field of metamaterials from this perspective.
Use of pelvic computed tomography and sonography in women of reproductive age in the emergency department

Objectives The purpose of this study was to review use of pelvic computed tomography (CT) and sonography in the emergency department for women of reproductive age and to identify cases in which sonography might have been adequate. Methods Computed tomographic and sonographic examinations of the pelvis performed on women up to 55 years of age in our emergency department during a 6-month period were reviewed. Repeated CT and CT with indications for which sonography would not be the first-line imaging modality (eg, diverticulitis and trauma) were excluded. For the sonographic-only assessment, repeated sonography and sonography with indications for which CT would not be the first-line imaging modality (eg, vaginal bleeding) were excluded. Patient referral indications, imaging diagnoses, and discharge diagnoses were compared for the groups with CT only, CT first, sonography first, and sonography only. Results Of 509 women who underwent CT, 407 (80%) underwent CT only; 54 (11%) underwent CT first; and 48 (9%) underwent pelvic sonography first. The percentages with negative CT findings were 42%,17%, and 50%, respectively. Overall, 63 (CT only), 38 (CT first), and 12 (sonography first) patients had CT diagnoses of pelvic conditions only (113 of 509 women [22%]). Of the patients with CT and discharge diagnoses of pelvic conditions, 36 of 44 (82%) had CT only or CT first; 58 of 110 (53%) of cases with sonography only showed acute pelvic conditions. Conclusions Twenty-two percent of pelvic CT examinations performed in women of reproductive age in our emergency department showed only pelvic conditions, suggesting that sonography would have been a reasonable primary imaging test for these patients.
Antithrombotic Agents for Acute Coronary Syndromes

Current evidence suggests a central role for antithrombotic agents such as unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In patients with acute myocardial infarction, several studies have shown that LMWHs may represent an effective alternative to UFH as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy and are not associated with an increased risk of major bleeding. In patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, trials have shown that the LMWH enoxaparin significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, compared with UFH, while other trials have shown that the combination of enoxaparin and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist is not associated with an excess risk of bleeding. However, LMWHs are significantly more expensive that UFH. Recently, newer antithrombotic agents such as fondaparinux and bivalirudin have shown equivalent efficacy to the heparins with less bleeding and appear clinically attractive. This review examines the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic agents in ACS.
Survey of milking management practices on large dairies and their relationship to udder health and production variables.

Abstract A survey of 91 milking management practices and 5 measures of udder health and production was conducted on 50 randomly selected dairies in Tulare County, CA. Data were collected by a combination of interview and site visit. On many dairies, there was inconsistent application of recommended milking practices such as careful teat dipping, attending liner slips, maintaining treatment records, efficient parlor usage as measured by throughput, and use of paper towels. Thirteen of 91 practices were associated with at least one measure of udder health or production; the categories of practices that appear to have the most influence are practices related to environmental management and practices related to milking procedures. The implications of the study are that better preventive medicine education programs are needed as well as better analytical tools to permit producers to evaluate quantitatively the economic benefit of preventive medicine practices.
Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts from the Hawaiian Archipelago—I. Northern survey areas

Abstract Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed on samples of ferromanganese crusts from selected seamounts and island slopes of the Hawaiian Archipelago to determine the origin and environment of deposition of these deposits. The majority of the crusts recovered from the northern survey areas are simple mixtures of hydrogenous precipitates and detrital material, whereas the substrates reflect a wide variety of parent materials and depositional environments. Both R-mode and Q-mode factor analysis of the bulk crust chemical data reveal three factors: hydrogenous (Mn, Co, Ni, V, Ca, Pb), detrital (Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K) and hydrothermal (Mn, Mg, Cd, Zn, Ba), which together account for >90% of the sample variance. Q-mode analysis identifys two anomalous samples: a todorokite-rich hydrothermal crust from the northeast rift axis of Gardner Pinnacles; and a manjiroite-rich crust of probable diagenetic origin, both of which also display anomalously low REE abundances relative to the predominant vernadite-rich hydrogenous crusts. Manganese and associated elements (Ni, Co, V, Pb) display decreasing concentrations with increasing water depth over the 0.8–3.2 km interval studied, whereas Fe, Si, Al and other detrital-associated elements show opposite trends. The depth profiles are explained by: (1) hydrogenous influence on the shallow crusts that decreases linearly with increasing depth; and (2) detrital influence from submarine and subaerial weathering of seamount and island basalts and hyaloclastites that increases linearly with depth and dilutes the hydrogenous crust material.
Two years of observations of warm-core anticyclones in the Labrador Sea and their seasonal cycle in heat and salt stratification

AbstractBetween 25 September 2007 and 28 September 2009, a heavily instrumented mooring was deployed in the Labrador Sea, offshore of the location where warm-core, anticyclonic Irminger rings are formed. The 2-year time series offers insight into the vertical and horizontal structure of newly formed Irminger rings and their heat and salt transport into the interior basin. In 2 years, 12 Irminger rings passed by the mooring. Of these, 11 had distinct properties, while 1 anticyclone likely passed the mooring twice. Eddy radii (11–35 km) were estimated using the dynamic height signal of the anticyclones (8–18 cm) together with the observed velocities. The anticyclones show a seasonal cycle in core properties when observed (1.9°C in temperature and 0.07 in salinity at middepth) that has not been described before. The temperature and salinity are highest in fall and lowest in spring. Cold, fresh caps, suggested to be an important source of freshwater, were seen in spring but were almost nonexistent in fall. Th...
Effects of mild night chilling on respiration of expanding cotton leaves.

Abstract Utilizing expanding leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312), the hypothesis that suboptimal night temperatures above those for putative phase transitions of mitochondrial lipids caused greater substrate control of night respiration and increased the control that respiration exerted on ATP-dependent metabolism was tested. Night respiratory CO2 evolution rates for 5–7-day-old leaves growing at 30/19° (day/night) nearly equaled those of leaves exposed to 28°C nights, while leaves exposed to 15°C nights had rates that were 42% of those at 28°C. No restriction of respiration by carbohydrate supply was detected for leaves grown at either cool night temperature or when warm-grown plants were transferred to cool night conditions. Pyruvate utilization was more sensitive to mild chilling than glycolysis. Growth at 30/19 or 30/15°C resulted in higher nocturnal ATP:ADP and energy charge for expanding leaves than growth at 30/28°C, suggesting a lessening of respiratory control of ATP-dependent metabolism with long-term night chilling. However, cool night exposure resulted in reductions in total phosphorylated adenylates, and the low ATP content, most notably occurring during 15°C nights, may have restricted some metabolic activity. The cause of these low ATP levels and their possible effects on cotton metabolism during chilling remain to be elucidated.
Dynamics of Pluto and Charon

The dynamics of the Pluto-Charon system are reviewed from a historical perspective. Although Pluto's orbit crosses Neptune's, an intricate system of nested resonances keeps these planets apart. Pluto's orbit is apparently chaotic as well. Pluto always keeps the same face turned toward Charon, and vice versa. Tides also damp Charon's orbital eccentricity and inclination. Precession of Pluto's orbital plane causes Pluto's obliquity to vary periodically from formally prograde to retrograde. Pluto is probably an original member of the Solar system, but not an escaped satellite of Neptune.
Diversity Flashpoints: Understanding Difficult Interpersonal Situations Grounded in Identity Difference

This study describes an empirically derived framework for understanding issues and contexts in which difficult interpersonal events, grounded in identity differences, occur between and among college faculty and students. Interviews with 34 student affairs professionals on 11 college campuses generated 153 student stories of uncomfortable interpersonal situations involving faculty members. Using a grounded theory approach, we classified these incidents into descriptive categories, providing insight into diversity issues between faculty and students. Implications are drawn for improving faculty member’s ability to recognize and respond to these situations.
On the surface and thernal effects on hydrogen oxidation

The kinetic scheme proposed by Baldwin for the H 2 and O 2 system in acid coated vessels is modified to analyze data obtained in salt coated vessels. A thermokinetic model is developed to prescribe both the kinetic and “self heating” characteristics of the system. With a single set of chosen values of rate constants and other parameters, all three explosion limits and slow reaction rates are calculated for vessels with different wall coatings. Generally good agreement between the experimental data and theoretical predictions is obtained both qualitatively and quantitatively.
USING REINFORCEMENT AND CUEING TO INCREASE HEALTHY SNACK FOOD CHOICES IN PRESCHOOLERS

We examined the effects of behavioral procedures to modify the food choices of preschoolers during a snack period at school (training setting) and at home (generalization setting). In the first experiment, we evaluated the usefulness of nutrition training and a generalization programming strategy of cueing to improve healthy snacking; in the second experiment we investigated the effect of nutrition training alone. In addition, three cases are presented that illustrate individualized procedures to facilitate generalization of healthy snacking to home. Results indicated that children's healthy snack choices increased in the preschool training setting, that generalization to home was achieved only when procedures to program it were implemented, and that the best results were found when the generalization procedures were tailored to the individual child.
The heart of a dancer: Noninvasive cardiac evaluation of professional ballet dancers

Abstract To establish the range of normal cardiovascular variables of professional Ballet dancers and to assess the effect of ballet training on the heart, 30 ballet dancers (15 men and 15 women) from the American Ballet Theatre were studied using physical examination, phonocardiography, electro-cardiography and echocardiography. When compared with 15 sedentary control subjects (8 men and 7 women), male dancers were found to have an increased incidence of the third heart sound (p The observed pattern of combined left ventricular hypertrophy and increased left ventricular internal dimension is consistent with the mixed isometric-isotonic nature of ballet exercise. It is concluded that, as with athletes, physiologic left ventricular enlargement develops in ballet dancers in proportion to their training and that these persons represent a subgroup of subjects whose heart findings are variants of normal.
The kinetic properties of very low density lipoprote1n triglyceride in type III hyperlipoproteinemia

Abstract 14-C-labeled free fatty acid was given to three patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, and the resultant radioactivity in the triglycerides of α2 and β very low density liproproteins followed separately. The time course of the specific acitivity of triglyceride in the α2 very low density lipoproteins was the same as that of triglycerides in normal very low density lipoproteins. The specific activity of the labeled triglyceride β very low density lipoproteins rose much more slowly and paralled that of triglyceride in low density lipoproteins.
Astrocyte lipoproteins, effects of apoE on neuronal function, and role of apoE in amyloid-beta deposition in vivo.

The genetic association between the E4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has prompted interest in the neurobiology of apoE and the possible relationship between lipoprotein metabolism in the brain and neurodegenerative disease. ApoE, a product of astrocytes, is abundant in brain and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) where it is found in lipoproteins the size of large plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Cultured astrocytes also secrete apoE/HDL, although the lipid and apoprotein composition of these nascent particles differs from that found in CSF, suggesting possible functional differences. In vitro studies have demonstrated isoform-specific effects of apoE on neurite outgrowth, neuronal plasticity, neurotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, oxidative injury, binding to cytoskeletal proteins, and interactions with amyloid-beta (Abeta), a primary component of senile plaques in AD. A number of these proposed functions have also been assessed in apoE -/- mice and transgenic mice expressing human apoE3 or apoE4. Importantly, analysis of transgenic mice overexpressing a mutant form of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP(V717F)) in the presence of mouse apoE, no apoE, or human apoE3 or E4 has demonstrated a critical and isoform-specific role for apoE in neuritic plaque formation, a pathologic hallmark of AD. Together, these data have provided important clues as to possible mechanism(s) by which apoE genotype modifies AD risk.
Atmospherically transported volcanic glass in deep-sea sediments: development of a separation and counting technique

A new method to separate fine, disseminated volcanic glass from deep-sea sediments and to measure its accumulation rate is described. Separation is by use of heavy liquids with an efficiency that ranges from 45 to 85% with increasing particle size. The size distribution of the bulk sediments and weights of selected volcanic glass size ranges are measured using a Coulter Counter and Cahn Electrobalance. A scanning electron microscope and a high-power transmitted light microscope have been used to estimate the volcanic glass load of the 11- to 1-μm size range. The reproducibility of results from split samples is between 0·10 and 6·5%. The precision is generally higher for those samples containing larger amounts of the fine volcanic glass (36-11 μm). A 6-cm3 wet sediment volume, with 2-cm vertical extent, representing from 2000 to 6000 years of depositional time, is an ideal sample size for this separation and counting system.
Nutrition considerations in food selection

Abstract The importance of nutrition consideration to households in food selection is instrumental in the development of information programs to promote public health and to market healthy food. Using a national telephone survey of 2880 U.S. households, this study examines the role and influence of socio-economic characteristics and lifestyle on a household meal planner’s consideration of four dietary components in food selection. Household income, children in households, geographic location, and gender, age, education, and lifestyle of meal planners affected the consideration of dietary components in food selection. The results provide a basis for developing education programs that focus on the particular dietary consideration of identified demographic subgroups.
Creating Collaborative Workstations for Reference and Public Use in Academic Libraries

ABSTRACT The current focus on libraries as place involves the collaborative needs of library users for features such as movable furniture, group work areas, and amenities such as coffee shops. Additional attention needs to focus on how the technology infrastructure can support collaborative work in academic libraries. The one-user-one-machine setup common in many academic libraries does not do this. A collaborative workstation that is inexpensive and readily assembled is described along with equipment needs and costs. The impact of such a collaborative workstation for both reference work and public use is discussed.
The urban institute housing model

This paper reports on the basic structure of the Urban Institute Housing Model, a model of 10-year changes in housing quality and household location within a metropolitan area. The model represents a metropolitan area housing market by a few dozen "model" households and dwellings (each one representing several hundred or thousand actual cases), a building industry, and a composite "government." Households seek to maximize "utility", owners of dwellings to maximize profits. A simulation algorithm is used to find a solution to the model for any set of inputs. Differences in quality among dwellings and differences in racial composition and wealth among geographic zones all play major roles in the model. The model can incorporate a wide range of government policies with respect to housing and land use.
Squamous cell carcinoma related oncogene regulates angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor-A.

Background Squamous cell carcinoma related oncogene expression (SCCRO) correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression. This data is validated in human lung tumors and provides a putative pathway for angiogenesis in a subset of squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma related oncogene is a novel oncogene identified by positional cloning of a recurrent amplification at 3q26.3. It is over-expressed in 39.8% of lung, head and neck, cervical, and ovarian carcinomas. SCCRO imparts an aggressive phenotype to affected cancers, which may be related to increased angiogenesis due to SCCRO expression. Our previous work has demonstrated a link between SCCRO and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in vitro, suggesting a mechanism for SCCRO-induced angiogenesis. The present study aims to confirm and validate this link between SCCRO and VEGF-A expression in an ex vivo human tumor cohort.
Long-term follow-up of a prospective policy of margin-directed radiation dose escalation in breast-conserving therapy.

BACKGROUND A prospectively applied treatment policy for breast-conserving therapy used margin assessment as the exclusive guide to the intensity of radiation therapy directed at the tumor bed. METHODS From 1982 to 1994, 498 women with 509 Stage I/II breast carcinomas with a median follow-up of 121 months were treated. Final margin status (FMS) categories were defined as greater than 5 mm, greater than 2–5 mm, greater than 0–2 mm, and positive. For margins less than or equal to 2 mm or indeterminate, reexcisions were performed if feasible. All patients received whole breast irradiation to 50.0–50.4 Gy. Final tumor bed boosts as a function of FMS were as follows: no residual on reexcision, no boost performed; FMS greater than 5 mm, boost of 10 Gy; FMS greater than 2–5 mm, boost of 14 Gy; FMS greater than 0–2 mm or positive, boost of 20 Gy. Cases were analyzed for local failure with respect to histology, age, tumor size, excision volume, reexcision, and total dose. RESULTS FMS was positive, greater than 0–2 mm, greater than 2–5 mm, and greater than 5 mm, and no residual tumor on reexcision in 21%, 20%, 17%, 14%, and 28% of cases, respectively. At 12 years, Kaplan–Meier local failure rates were 17% for FMS positive, 9% for FMS greater than 0–2 mm, 5% for FMS greater than 2–5 mm, 0% for FMS greater than 5 mm, and 6% for specimens without evidence of residuum on reexcision (P = 0.009). Patients 45 years old and younger had a 12-year local failure rate of 15% whereas patients older than 45 years had a 12-year local failure rate of 6% (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, young age (P = 0.03) predicted increased local failure rate, whereas margins that were less than or equal to 2 mm or positive predicted late (> 5 years) but not early (≤ 5 years) recurrence (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Graded tumor bed dose escalation in response to FMS results in very low rates of local failure over the first 5 years for all FMS categories. However, tumors with close/positive margins have significantly increased local failure rates after 5 years of follow-up even with increased radiation boost dose. In addition, graded tumor bed dose escalation does not fully overcome the adverse influence of young age. Cancer 2003;97:30–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10981
Reply to “Comments on ‘Symmetric and Asymmetric Structures of Hurricane Boundary Layer in Coupled Atmosphere–Wave–Ocean Models and Observations’”

In our original paper Lee and Chen (2012, hereafter LC12) we documented the three-dimensional (3D) structure in Hurricane Frances’s (2004) boundary layer using both observations and a coupled atmosphere–wave– ocean model, namely, the University of Miami Coupled Model (UMCM). Zhang et al. (2014, hereafter Z14) raised a few questions mainly on some perceived differences between LC12 and a previous study by Zhang et al. (2011, hereafter Z11). We stand by our original results and conclusions and provide some specific responses to Z14. The following numbers are corresponding to the sections in Z14:
Ketone methylenation with optical resolution. Synthesis of (+)- and (−)-hop ether

Chromatographic separations of diastereomeric β-hydroxyphosphinothioic amides made by coupling of a resolved phosphinothiotic amide with (+-ketones have been utilized in the synthesis of (+)- and (−)-hop ether and (+)- and (−)-2,3-diphenyl-3-isopropoxypropene.