cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polar Spaces Having Some Line of Cardinality Two

Abstract The nonthick geometries of type C n and D n or equivalently all polar spaces having at least one line of cardinality 2 are classified. It turns out that there are two classes of such polar spaces. On the one hand, decomposable polar spaces or polar spaces which are direct sums of two or more polar spaces are obtained. On the other hand, polar spaces arising from the interval lattice of an irreducible projective geometry which can also be seen as being partitioned by a pair of disjoint maximal singular subspaces can be gotten.
Comparison of finite-difference and variational solutions to advection-diffusion problems

Abstract Two numerical solution methods are developed for 1-D time-dependent advection-diffusion problems on infinite and finite domains. Numerical solutions are compared with analytical results for constant coefficients and various boundary conditions. A finite-difference spectrum method is solved exactly in time for periodic boundary conditions by a matrix operator method and exhibits excellent accuracy compared with other methods, especially at late times, where it is also computationally more efficient. Finite-system solutions are determined from a conservational variational principle with cubic spatial trial functions and solved in time by a matrix operator method. Comparisons of problems with few nodes show excellent agreement with analytical solutions and exhibit the necessity of implementing Lagrangian conservational constraints for physically-correct solutions.
Haematopoietic progenitor cells in an infant who developed pancytopenia following an extensive burn.

Abstract We observed a 24-month-old infant who developed anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia while recuperating from an extensive burn. In order to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for the pancytopenia, we quantified marrow-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells, assessed the relative proliferative rate of haematopoietic progenitor cells, and sought the presence of progenitor cell inhibitors. The concentration and relative proliferative rate of pluripotent progenitors (CFU—GEMM) were elevated. No inhibitors of progenitor cells were observed; in fact, the patient's serum contained very high levels of stimulatory activity for CFU—GEMM as well as for granulocytemacrophage progenitors (CFU—GM). However, the marrow concentration of erythroid progenitors (BFU—E and CFU—E) was diminished. We conclude that the anaemia in this patient was the result of either hypoproduction of differentiated erythroid progenitors or intramyeloid destruction of early erythroid cells. In contrast, the neutropenia was likely to be due to accelerated neutrophil consumption at a rate that exceeded the capacity for increasing neutrophil production.
The Development of Rapport through the Negotiation of Gender in Field Work among Police

This paper concerns the phenomenon of rapport in participant observation. It is divided into two parts. Part one concerns a critical evaluation of the sociological literature on rapport and presents an alternative definition of the subject matter. In particular, rapport is defined as the process whereby the researcher becomes competent to membership by first displaying an awareness that membership is problematic and must be negotiated, and second by demonstrating a salient knowledge of the essential features by which subject members distinguish themselves from nonmembers. This demonstration is a necessary condition for instituting an ongoing relationship of trust within which researcher and subjects can engage in acts of communication and the construction of intersubjective meaning.Part two explores the development of rapport in the author's field work among police. It is suggested that status and gender are the two most basic categories which define membership in the policeman's world. "Real cops" must d...
Relationship of suture material to healing in thoracoplasty wounds

Abstract The wounds of 809 consecutive thoracoplasty stages on 195 patients with pulmonary or pleural tuberculosis have been studied with relation to healing and the type of suture material used. Minor or major complications occurred in 13.7 per cent of the wounds. The incidence was 18.9 per cent in the catgut wounds and 7.0 per cent in the silk wounds. By excluding all wound complications of a minor character and not specifically due to wound infection, the incidence was 6.5 per cent in the catgut series and 1.8 per cent in the silk series.
Effects of Alcohol on Trajectories of Physical Aggression Among Urban Youth: An Application of Latent Trajectory Modeling

Several studies have investigated factors associated with physical aggression during adolescence. Yet, little is known about the longitudinal relationship between drug use, particularly alcohol use, and physical aggression among minority youth. The present study examined the effects of alcohol and substance use at age 11 on trajectories of physical aggression over time (ages 12–14) among urban adolescents from Chicago, IL. Data from the Project Northland Chicago (n = 3038, 49.4% female) was used. The current study sample included 1,160 Black, 1,015 Hispanic and 863 White/other adolescents for a total of 3,038 adolescents. Four trajectories of physical aggression were identified: Non-aggressive (16%), Desistors (9%), Escalators (20%) and Chronic Aggressive (55%). After adjusting for physical aggression behaviors, delinquent friends, lack of supervised time, demographic variables, smoking and marijuana use, past year alcohol users at age 11 were 2.1 times more likely to be “Escalators” and 1.9 times more likely to be in the “Chronic Aggressive” group. Gender and ethnic differences were also observed in the trajectories of physical aggression. Black youth were 2.5 times more likely to be in the “Chronic Aggressive” group. Findings highlight the importance of targeting alcohol prevention to reduce physical aggression among urban young adolescents.
Pulpal response to chemically cured and experimental light-cured glass ionomer cavity liners.

Abstract This investigation evaluated the effects of an experimental light-cured glass ionomer (LCGI) cavity liner and chemically cured Ketac-Bond glass ionomer restorative material on the pulpal tissues of monkeys. Class V cavities were prepared in 71 teeth of three adult Macaca mulatta monkeys at 7- and 35-day intervals. Ketac-Bond or LCGI cavity liners were placed in cavities with the smear layer intact (groups I and II) or with the smear layer removed (groups III and IV) and were restored with composite resin. Tissues were acquired, sectioned at 7 μm, stained for microscopic evaluation, or prepared for SEM evaluation. No statistically significant differences between materials existed at either time interval, regardless of smear layer presence. Histopathologic results demonstrated minimal pulpal reactions for groups I through IV. SEM analysis showed tenacious bonding of the LCGI material to prepared cavity walls, with absence of contraction gap formation. The results indicated excellent pulpal responses to both materials.
Plug flow movement of solids

Abstract The development and application of plug flow of solids in pipelines first occurred in the mid 70's. This flow is also termed dense phase flow or pulse-piston flow since the plugs are somewhat like moving packed beds and the operation is usually carried out with a plug of solids and a plug of air all conveyed at low velocities. This study addresses the entire system operating with distinct pulse-piston behaviors which determine the appropriate pipe diameters for a given solids capacity and fixed amount of energy. A development is presented for the minimum plug length utilizing the basic characteristics of the powder. A case study of an existing pipeline and desired capacity is presented with determination of the energy requirements for a particular transport line. Both impermeable and permeable plugs are considered.
Molecular diagnostic approach to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The evaluation of hematopoietic neoplasms now requires a variety of methods to use the modern classification systems. Morphological features remain the cornerstone of the evaluation of leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but ancillary studies are needed in many, if not most, cases. Immunophenotyping is helpful in both the diagnosis and classification of these tumors and is essential for the proper use of recently described classifications of malignant lymphomas. 1, 2 The vast majority of leukemias and lymphomas can be diagnosed without the use of molecular genetic or cytogenetic studies. However, some cytogenetic abnormalities define a disease. For example, detection of the Philadelphia chromosome is an essential part of the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In the acute leukemias, cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings have marked prognostic significance, but they are not usually necessary to determine whether a proliferation is neoplastic or reactive. Most of the significant acute leukemia abnormalities are detectable by routine karyotype analysis. In contrast, the molecular genetic abnormalities of malignant lymphoma are often not easily detectable by routine karyotype analysis, and molecular diagnostic tests are necessary for evaluation. In addition, the detection of specific chromosomal translocations has helped to define clinically relevant lymphoma entities. 1, 2 This is particularly true in the low-grade lymphomas. The molecular genetic associations have resulted in improved recognition of the morphological and immunophenotypic features of these lymphomas. Despite these improved criteria for diagnosis, however, some cases still require molecular testing for proper classification. In lymphoid proliferations, molecular diagnostic tests have two primary uses: to demonstrate a clonal abnormality when the differential diagnosis is between a reactive or neoplastic proliferation, and to identify a disease-associated finding, such as an associated virus or specific chromosomal translocation, that is useful in subclassification of the lymphoma.
Visual function and patient satisfaction: Comparison between bilateral diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses and monovision pseudophakia.

Purpose To compare visual function and patient satisfaction in patients with bilateral diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and patients with monofocal IOL monovision. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA. Design Cohort study. Methods This study comprised consecutive bilateral cataract patients having implantation of AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 multifocal IOLs or AcrySof SN60WF IOLs as monovision between July 2007 and June 2009. Parameters analyzed 3 months postoperatively included binocular uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities; stereo vision; spectacle independence; subjective visual symptoms; and patient satisfaction. Patients were administered the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 preoperatively and postoperatively. Results The multifocal IOL group comprised 21 patients and the monovision group, 22 patients. Although bilateral uncorrected distance vision and near vision were slightly better in the multifocal IOL group than in the monovision group, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The monovision group had better intermediate vision than the multifocal IOL group and had less difficulty using computers without glasses; the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant. Patients with monovision had a slightly higher overall satisfaction score, significantly fewer complaints, and less out-of-pocket cost. Conclusions Pseudophakic monovision achieved distance vision and near vision that were comparable to those with bilateral multifocal IOLs without the inherent risk for disturbing visual symptoms associated with multifocal IOLs. Monovision patients also had significantly better intermediate vision and less difficulty using computers without glasses. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Computer aided morphometry of the neonatal fetal alcohol syndrome face

Facial dysmorphology related to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) has been studied from neonatal snapshots with computer-aided imaging tools by looking at facial landmarks and silhouettes. Statistical methods were used to characterize FAS-related midfacial hypoplasia by using standardized landmark coordinates of frontal and profile snapshots. Additional analyses were performed by tracing a segment of the facial silhouettes from the profile snapshots. In spite of inherent distortions due to the coordinate standardization procedure, controlled for race, three significant facial landmark coordinates accounted for 30.6% of the explained variance of FAS. Residualized for race, eight points along the silhouettes were shown to be significant in explaining 45.8% of the outcome variance. Combining the landmark coordinates and silhouettes points, 57% of the outcome variance was explained. Finally, including birthweight with landmark coordinates and silhouettes, 63% of the outcome variance was explained, with a jackknifed sensitivity of 95% (19/20) and a specificity of 92.9% (52/56).© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Previous beat contraction history alters mechanical restitution in the isolated left ventricle.

Objective: The aim was to test directly the hypothesis that the magnitude of previous beat contraction history will be greatest for short pulse intervals, will become smaller as pulse interval is lengthened, and will vanish when pulse interval is long enough to allow complete restitution. Methods: Experiments were performed in isolated rabbit and ferret left ventricles in which pressure and volume were controlled with a servo-motor system. Two restitution curves were generated, each constructed from isovolumetric beats that were preceded by a beat with differing amounts of ejection: one curve was constructed from isovolumetric beats preceded by non-ejecting beats, while the other was constructed from isovolumetric beats preceded by a beats that had a high level of ejection (ejection fraction ~50%). Results: When the isovolumetric beats used to construct a restitution curve were preceded by ejecting beats, the restitution curve was shifted upward (that is, higher activation at a given interval between beats) when compared to a restitution curve constructed from isovolumetric beats that were preceded by non-ejecting beats. Conclusions: Mechanical restitution is affected by the mechanical events of preceding contractions, implying that previous beat contraction history and restitution share a common mechanism and that restitution sets the stage for previous beat contraction history. Hence restitution is not simply a useful tool for assessing calcium cycling or interval dependent behaviour and should be viewed more broadly as a fundamental process in the beat to beat regulation of cardiac contraction. Cardiovascular Research 1994; 28 :535-541
The stability of cortical phenotypes in continuously growing cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

SYNOPSIS Cortical features were analyzed in successive samples of continuously growing stock cultures of amicronucleate strains GL-C and GL-I, and in micronucleate strain WH-6 (syngen 1, mating type I). Thirteen successive samples of strain GL-C, representing a time span of 111 months, 5 samples of WH-6 (43 months) and 2 samples of GL-I (1 month) were examined. The observed range of commonly expressed ciliary row numbers (corticotypes) was 16–20 rows in strain GL-C, 15–20 in strain GL-I, and 16–20 in strain WH-6. These ranges remained constant through time within each strain. The individual samples each included all or a large part of the total range observed in the strain, but the relative abundances of different corticotypes within this range shifted through time. The shifts appeared random, with no discernible trends. Mean contractile vacuole pore (CVP) position and number of CVP meridians were assayed in the 2 “GL” strains. Mean CVP position was an apparently stable character, with only slight fluctuations through time, while the distribution of number of CVP meridians was somewhat less constant. The CVP parameters of strains GL-C and GL-I were considerably different, and both of these strains were very different from the GL strain which had been studied by Nanney. In fact, these 3 “GL” strains have, among them, virtually the entire gamut of known CVP characteristics. The possible significance of these wide differences among strains presumed to be closely related is considered in the Discussion.
NREL/DOE ethanol pilot-plant: Current status and capabilities

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has built and operated a pilot-plant to convert lignocellulosic feedstocks to ethanol for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The process development unit (PDU) has a designed throughput of 1 ton (dry basis)/day of biomass and is equipped to handle a variety of feedstocks. Major processing systems include feedstock milling, pretreatment, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and ethanol distillation. Several experimental runs have been successfully completed since the startup of the plant in March 1995. The plant capabilities are continually being improved to meet the needs of our industrial partners and to facilitate NREL's process development work. This paper reports on various aspects of commissioning and operations, the present capabilities, and plans for use of the facility.
The New England Groundfish Fishery after 10 Years under the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act

Abstract In the first 10 years under the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the New England and Mid-Atlantic regional fishery management councils (FMCS) managed 19 species of finfish and shellfish under eight fisheries management plans. The ability of the councils to effectively manage marine fisheries can be demonstrated by examining the management plans and levels of catch, and by noting the condition of the resource. Heavy foreign fishing during the 1960s and early 1970s was constrained by catch quotas imposed by the International Commission for Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, and the abundance of principal groundfish increased significantly by 1978. From 1976 to 1983, New England fishing effort doubled, and stocks that had not been heavily fished by foreign fleets went from being underfished to being overfished in just a few years. The total U.S. catch of finfish and squids steadily increased from 1973 to 1980 and then declined. The original Groundfish Plan was only for Atlantic cod Gadus...
Some Specialized Radiological Safety Considerations at Argonne National Laboratory's Heavy Ion Research Facility (SAR, Shielding Design, Q.f.'s HIRC)

An existing accelerator system at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been upgraded and is being extended to provide heavy ions with energies well above the nuclear binding energies (5-25 MeV/A). The final configuration of the system, called the Argonne Tandem-LINAC Accelerator System (ATLAS), is to become a user-oriented national facility for nuclear physics research. ATLAS will produce some specialized radiological safety considerations unique to this facility in addition to the safety considerations normally addressed at accelerators. The ATLAS Facility shares the Physics Building with six other smaller accelerators, offices, and general purpose laboratories, some of which are used for low-level counting of radioactivity. The portions of ATLAS that currently exist and those portions that are under construction are shown. The FN-Tandem has been operational since the mid 60's. Currently, two ion source injection systems are housed within the Tandem vault. Target Area I has been in use for many years and continues to be used for beams from the Tandem. The booster LINAC exists now and currently delivers beam into target area II. The booster LINAC consists of 24 independently-phased superconducting split-ring resonators housed in four cryostats. Each superconducting split-ring resonator can have up to 1.5 MV potential between themore » drift tubes. A new beam enclosure, to house an additional 18 resonators in 3 cryostats, and a new target area III are under construction. From the distribution of charge states created by the strippers located before the 40/sup 0/ bend, it is anticipated that beams will be delivered to target areas II and III simultaneously. The maximum projectile energy for each of the three target areas is shown as a function of projectile mass.« less
Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma requires viral small T-antigen for cell proliferation.

To the Editor Angermeyer et al. (2013) claim that “Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cells Do Not Require Expression of the Viral Small T Antigen” (Angermeyer et al., 2013). This controversial conclusion is based on their inability to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) small T (sT) protein expression and to inhibit cell growth by putative sT knockdown in MCV-MCC cells. These findings contradict existing evidence showing MCV sT protein expression in MCV-MCC cancer tissues (Shuda et al., 2011) and cell lines (see Figure. 2, Houben et al., 2010) (Guastafierro et al., 2013). To investigate this discrepancy, we tried replicating Angermeyer et al's results using the same antibodies to detect MCV sT (CM8E6 (Kwunet al., 2009), CM5E1 (Shuda et al., 2011) and 2T2 ((Wang et al., 2012), kindly provided by C. Buck) on a panel of MCV-MCC cell lines (Figure 1). MCV sT and large T (LT) are alternatively-spliced viral oncoproteins sharing a common N-terminus but having different C-termini, thus CM8E6 and 2T2 detects all isoforms of T antigens, while CM5E1 detects only sT and CM2B4 detects only LT and related isoforms. Differences in protein expression levels between MCV LT and sT are likely dependent on either premRNA or post-transcriptional protein processing. For positive and negative controls, we used UISO cells transiently transfected with the MCV T antigen locus ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JN038578","term_id":"354683949","term_text":"JN038578"}}JN038578) or with corresponding empty vector. UISO, commonly described as being from MCC origin (Houben et al., 2007), is negative for MCV and miRNA ontology studies show it clusters with cell lines of breast cancer origin (Renwick et al., 2013). In contrast to Angermeyer et al., the 19 kD MCV sT band is readily detected in all MCV-MCC cell lines (open arrows) but not in UISO cells. Figure 1 Detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) small T (sT) antigen expression by multiple MCV T antigen antibodies. Figure 2 Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) small T (sT) antigen knockdown inhibits MCV-positive Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cell proliferation.
Nursing Reference Center: A Point-of-Care Resource from EBSCO

ABSTRACT Nursing Reference Center (NRC) is a new database offering from EBSCO Industries, Inc. The intended audience is nurses at all levels of the profession: students, hospital nurses, nurse educators, administrators, and faculty. Content is derived from a number of resources ranging from legal cases to research instruments. It is a big product with lots of ways to approach the information. Most end users will probably not use all of the product's capabilities. Librarians who will support and/or teach NRC should plan to spend time making sure they understand how all the pieces fit together.
Mechanics of Enveloped Virus Entry into Host Cells

Enveloped viruses such as HIV-1 enter their hosts by first establishing a contact region at the cell surface, which is stabilized by the formation of receptor-ligand complexes. We show that the favorable contact energy stemming from the formation of the receptor complexes in the interaction zone is sufficient to drive the engulfment of the virus by the cell. Using a continuum model, we show that the equilibrium engulfment depth and the force driving the engulfment are functions of the virus size and the complex formation energy. Resistance to engulfment is dominated by the elastic deformation of the cytoskeleton.
Erratum to abstract “Intracellular ice formation in mouse zygotes and early morulae vs. cooling rate and temperature–Experimental vs. theory” [Cryobiology 63(3) 2011 329]

It has been brought to notice that the name of the authors for the above mentioned abstract and the funding statement for this abstract has been missed during the typesetting. Hence, please find below the corrected versions of the abstract with all the details. The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by the error. The correct abstract: 85. Intracellular ice formation in mouse zygotes and early morulae vs. cooling rate and temperature–Experimental vs. theory. ⁄Bo Jin, Peter Mazur, Fundamental and Applied Cryobiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA. In 1972, Whittingham, Leibo, and Mazur reported successful cryopreservation of 8-cell mouse embryos. They found that plots of their survival vs. cooling rate (CR) take the form of an inverted U. They also reported on the survival of 2-cell embryos and blastocysts as function of CR. These two stages also yielded an inverted U with a somewhat similar shape. They hypothesized that the drop in survival above CR of 1 C/min was due to intracellular ice formation (IIF). Subsequent papers showed that hypothesis to be correct for 8-cell embryos, but it has never been demonstrated for zygotes and morulae. That was the purpose of the work reported here. In this study, mature female mice of the ICR strain were induced to superovultate, mated, and collected at either zygote or early morula stages. Embryos suspended in 1 M EG in PBS containing 10 mg/ LSnomax for 15 min, then transferred in sample holder to Linkam
HeyL regulates the number of TrkC neurons in dorsal root ganglia.

Abstract The basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor HeyL is expressed at high levels by neural crest progenitor cells (NCPs) that give rise to neurons and glia in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Since HeyL expression was observed in these NCPs during the period of neurogenesis, we generated HeyL null mutants to help examine the factor's role in ganglion neuronal specification. Homozygous null mutation of HeyL reduced the number of TrkC+ neurons in DRG at birth including the subpopulation that expresses the ETS transcription factor ER81. Conversely, null mutation of the Hey paralog, Hey1, increased the number of TrkC+ neurons. Null mutation of HeyL increased expression of the Hey paralogs Hey1 and Hey2, suggesting that HeyL normally inhibits their expression. Double null mutation of both Hey1 and HeyL rescued TrkC+ neuron numbers to control levels. Thus, the balance between HeyL and Hey1 expression regulates the differentiation of a subpopulation of TrkC+ neurons in the DRG.
Interruption of the Arterial Inferior Alveolar Flow and its Effects on Mandibular Collateral Circulation and Dental Tissues

The interruption of circulation through the inferior alveolar artery was followed by the establishment of a fast retrograde blood flow through the vessel. The mental artery and the mandibular branch of the sublingual artery were the main vessels to contribute to that flow. No histopathologic changes were found in the experimental hemimandibles; however, temporary regressive changes were found in the dental pulps of molars.
Change of chemical composition and hydrogen bonding behavior due to chlorination of crosslinked polyamide membranes

The effect of membrane exposure to hypochlorite oxidant on property changes (chemical composition and hydrogen bonding behavior) of four FilmTec© thin film composite crosslinked polyamide membranes has been investigated. Crosslinking densities of the membranes were about 25–35%, with about 3–4 chlorines bound to the repeating unit of the polyamide membranes. This was equivalent to ∼ 39% of all nitrogens being chlorinated in the polyamide membranes assuming the amide nitrogen is the dominant reaction site with chlorine. FTIR spectra showed the amide I band (CO stretching peak at 1663 cm−1) of polyamide membranes shifted to higher wave-numbers and the peak intensity of the amide II band (NH bending peak at 1541 cm−1) decreased after chlorination. The peak shift and decrease of peak intensity resulted from breakage of hydrogen bonds between CO and NH groups within the polymers. The XPS and FTIR analytical analysis showed that there is no difference in the chlorine attack of polyamide membranes of higher or lower crosslinking density, and that the chlorination breaks and weakens hydrogen bonding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Total transformation of electronic F-center emission into multiple-state CN- vibrational emission (4.8 microm) in CsCl.

Optical excitation of a new $F$-center-C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ defect complex in CsCl produces-instead of any electronic emission-a highly efficient five-band vibrational emission around \ensuremath{\approx}4.8 \ensuremath{\mu}m (\ensuremath{\approx}0.25 eV), involving the five lowest states of the C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ anharmonic oscillator. Pulsed laser excitation shows that the energy transfer from the excited $F$ electron occurs mainly at 1 eV into the fourth C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ level, producing a sequence of $\ensuremath{\Delta}n=1$ population inversions and emissions with great potential for laser application. $〈100〉$ polarization of the C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ emission reveals rotational alignment of the C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecule by the associated $F$ center.
Immunohistochemical detection of inhibin in the gonad

Antiserum to inhibin was produced in rabbits by immunization with a synthetic [Tyr30]α-chain(1–30)NH2 fragment of porcine inhibin coupled to bovine serum albumin, and the elicited antiserum was used in conjunction with the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure to localize inhibin-reactive cells in various rat tissue preparations. In the testes, only the Sertoli cells revealed immunoreactivity with the antiserum. Intense staining was also observed in ovarian follicular granulosa cells but not in the theca layer outside the basement membrane. In addition, the luteal cells in the corpus luteum were also stained by the antiserum. The positive staining in the gonadal tissues could be blocked completely by pre-adsorbing the serum with either the synthetic peptide or native inhibin. Immunostaining was not detected in brain, pituitary, thymus, stomach, pancreas, kidney and adrenal sections, thus confirming that inhibin is a polypeptide originating only from specific cells of the gonad.
Resonant Interaction between Hydrogen Vibrational Modes in AlSb:Se

Vibrational modes and their interactions affect numerous physical processes in condensed-matter systems. In the present work, hydrogen vibrations in Se-doped AlSb were investigated with first-principles calculations. Vibrational frequencies were calculated for the longitudinal, transverse, wag (bending), and stretch modes of the Al-H complex. The Al-H stretch mode interacts with a combination mode involving a wag overtone and transverse fundamental. This resonant interaction yields vibrational states that are linear superpositions of the stretch mode and the combination mode. The spatial extent of such excitations is significantly larger than that of a local vibrational mode.
A pooled cross-section time-series approach to business failures in 18 U.S. cities

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine if there are inherent differences in business failure rates between 18 major U.S. cities. First, an economic model is used to control for different economic conditions. Then the model is estimated using a pooled cross-section time series approach. The advantage of this econometric approach is that it controls for autoregression errors, as well as testing for differences between the cities. The conclusion is that even after eliminating the major economic effects, there is still a difference in failure rates between the cities. Hence, the conclusions of this study are important to corporate management, commercial lenders, and retail businesses that operate in different cities.
Damage associated molecular patterns within xenogeneic biologic scaffolds and their effects on host remodeling.

The immune response is an important determinant of the downstream remodeling of xenogeneic biologic scaffolds in vivo. Pro-inflammatory responses have been correlated with encapsulation and a foreign body reaction, while anti-inflammatory reactions are associated with constructive remodeling. However, the bioactive and bioinductive molecules within the extracellular matrix (ECM) that induce this polarization are unclear, although it is likely that cellular remnants such as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) retained within the scaffold may play a role. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of common ECM scaffolds. Results showed that tissue source, decellularization method and chemical crosslinking modifications affect the presence of the well characterized DAMP - HMGB1. In addition, these factors were correlated with differences in cell proliferation, death, secretion of the chemokines CCL2 and CCL4, and up regulation of the pro-inflammatory signaling receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Inhibition of HMGB1 with glycyrrhizin increased the pro-inflammatory response, increasing cell death and up regulating chemokine and TLR4 mRNA expression. The present study suggests the importance of HMGB1 and other DAMPS as bioinductive molecules within the ECM scaffold. Identification and evaluation of other ECM bioactive molecules will be an area of future interest for new biomaterial development.
Kinetic study of epoxidations by urea–hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by methyltrioxorhenium(VII) on niobia

Relative rates were measured for the heterogeneous epoxidation of olefins with urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP) in CDCl3 catalyzed by MeReO3 on Nb2O5. The rates are more selective than those in homogeneous MTO–H2O2 solutions. The reactivity orders among the alkenes are cis>trans and electron-rich > electron-poor. A molecular structure has been proposed for the active rhenium species which allows the rate differences to be explained in terms of energy gap between the alkene occupied π(CC) and unoccupied σ∗(OO) of the peroxorhenium moiety.
Lead concentrations in small mammals trapped on roadside verges and field sites

Abstract One hundred and one small mammals of three species, Microtus agrestis, Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus sylvaticus from eleven sites in Huntingdonshire were analysed to determine the lead concentration in the liver and whole body. The vegetation at the trap site was also analysed. The range of sites covered roadside verges and fields. The mean lead concentration in the bodies of the mammals trapped increased from 4·19 d/w ppm on woodland and arable sites, to 5·98 d/w ppm on verges of minor roads and 7·00 d/w ppm on the verges of the A1 (1·32, 1·92 and 2·26 w/w ppm respectively). This differential of 1·7 times was much lower than that shown by the vegetation on the three types of site (33·4, 42·5 and 306·7 d/w ppm respectively; 9·2 times differential). Microtus contained significantly higher total body residues of lead on roadside verge sites (3·14 w/w ppm) than either Clethrionomys (1·89 w/w ppm) or Apodemus (1·62 w/w ppm). This difference could be due to differing food and behaviour.
Spatial configuration of polynucleotide chains. II. Conformational energies and the average dimensions of polyribonucleotides.

Conformational energies are calculated for pairs of successive bond rotations within an internal residue of a polyribonucleotide chain. Contributions to these energies include bond torsional strain, van der Waals repulsions, London attractions, electrostatic interactions, and inductive interactions between nonbonded atoms in the nucleotide repeat unit. The average dimensions of unperturbed random-coil polyribonucleotide chains are then evaluated on the basis of energies thus estimated, using for this purpose the previously developed virtual bond treatment. The characteristic ratio of the mean-square end-to-end distance calculated for polyribonucleotide chains in which all pentose rings are fixed in a C3′-endo conformation is ≈9; for chains consisting exclusively of C2′-endo units it is ≈25. These values are considerably greater than those obtained by giving equal weight to all conformations judged to be sterically allowed. Satisfactory agreement between the calculations here and experimental values from viscosity and light-scattering studies is achieved by treating the chain as a random copolymer of C3′-endo and C2′-endo conformational isomers. The critical dependence of the characteristic ratio on the rotation about bond C3′–O3′ in the C2′-endo chain, however, obscures the interpretation of chain dimensions. The chain is also treated in higher approximation as a sequence of independent repeat units, each of which consists of six chemical bonds. The characteristic ratio obtained in this manner is 6.5 for the C3′-endo chain and 18.5 for the C2′-endo chain. Finally, the effects of partially stacked conformations in polyribonucleotides are investigated using the virtual bond treatment. Chain dimensions are calculated for random coil poly rA chains in which stacking is introduced by both noncooperative and cooperative processes.
Prediction of specificity-determining residues for small-molecule kinase inhibitors

Designing small-molecule kinase inhibitors with desirable selectivity profiles is a major challenge in drug discovery. A high-throughput screen for inhibitors of a given kinase will typically yield many compounds that inhibit more than one kinase. A series of chemical modifications are usually required before a compound exhibits an acceptable selectivity profile. Rationalizing the selectivity profile for a small-molecule inhibitor in terms of the specificity-determining kinase residues for that molecule can be an important step toward the goal of developing selective kinase inhibitors. Here we describe S-Filter, a method that combines sequence and structural information to predict specificity-determining residues for a small molecule and its kinase selectivity profile. Analysis was performed on seven selective kinase inhibitors where a structural basis for selectivity is known. S-Filter correctly predicts specificity determinants that were described by independent groups. S-Filter also predicts a number of novel specificity determinants that can often be justified by further structural comparison. S-Filter is a valuable tool for analyzing kinase selectivity profiles. The method identifies potential specificity determinants that are not readily apparent, and provokes further investigation at the structural level.
Immumocytochemical Localization of Catechol-OMethyltransferase in the Pregnant Rat Uterus

Light microscopic immunocytochemical observations of catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) localization in the pregnant rat uterus were made with a specific antibody to soluble rat liver COMT and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The changes in cellular localization of COMT were followed from the onset of pregnancy to 12 h after delivery of the last fetus. COMT first appeared on day 5 of pregnancy in endometrial epithelial cells of the uterus. On day 7, COMT appeared in the decidual cells on the antimesometrial side of the uterus close to the implanting blastocyst. Two morphologically distinct, COMT-positive, decidual cells were observed: polygonal cells and stellate cells. After parturition, COMT-positive decidual cells remained in the decidua basalis. The possible physiological roles of COMT in the pregnant uterus are discussed.
Galactogen catabolism by embryos of the freshwater snails, Bulimnaea megasoma and Lymnaea stagnalis.

Abstract 1. 1. [14C]-Glucose, when injected into Bulimnaea megasoma adults, is converted into [14C]-galactose. The [14C]-galactose is incorporated into galactogen. 2. 2. [14C]-Galactogen is catabolized by homogenates of Bulimnaea megasoma embryos. 3. 3. Two acid β-galactosidases present in the embryos cleave ONPG (orthonitro phenylgalactoside) but not galactogen.
THE EVOLUTION OF A NEW DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION LANGUAGE FOR INEXPERIENCED USERS (WIDES).

This paper describes the evolution and use of the Wisconsin Discrete Event Simulator (WIDES). WIDES is a GASP-based collection of ANSI FORTRAN subroutines and data structures designed as a discrete event simulation language for use on small machines by inexperienced users in an educational environment. A list of criteria for selection of a language for such use is presented. These criteria include considerations and constraints in areas such as the language's modelling capabilities, its programming ease, storage requirements, educational features, cost and availability. Among commonly available languages only GASP meets the postulated storage constraints. Unfortunately, this language exhibits a lacklustre performance in the other performance areas, and in our experience it is not an ideal language for the above-stated audience and environment. However, GASP is based on a sound design, and it is extremely well implemented; thus, GASP was chosen as the basis for the development of a new language that meets the criteria stated above. This development is presented here. The resulting language is briefly presented and an example of its use is given. Program listings, users' guides and sample problems are available from the author.
Effects of Ketones, Acetate, Butyrate, and Glucose on Bovine Lymphocyte Proliferation,

Blood leukocytes from age-matched heifers were used to determine effects of ketones, acetate, butyrate, and glucose on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin-P, or pokeweed mitogen were cultured in the presence or absence of beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetone, acetate, butyrate, and glucose. Only supraphysiological levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibited proliferation in cultures of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, whereas mixtures of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate at levels seen in severe ketosis stimulated concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-P-driven proliferation. Because acetoacetate was a lithium salt, lithium chloride served as a negative control. Results suggest the enhanced proliferation by cultures containing lithium acetoacetate was due to lithium, not acetoacetate. Butyrate (at concentrations greater than seen in bovine plasma) and acetate at normal levels inhibited proliferation. Concanavalin A- and pokeweed-mitogen-driven proliferation was greater in cultures containing lower glucose levels, but acetate added to cultures containing low glucose inhibited concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation. Proliferation by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures containing acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate was suppressed at the lower concentrations of glucose tested. In conclusion, ketones, butyrate, and glucose at concentrations occurring in vivo had minimal effects on bovine lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Levels of acetate associated with ketosis suppressed lymphocyte function and may alter immune responsiveness in vivo.
Plasma vitamin C levels in women during the menstrual cycle.

PHILLIPS, et al. (1, 2) demonstrated a marked increase in the plasma vitamin C level of cows on the day they came into heat. This increase was maintained for only a short time and the vitamin C in the plasma was back to the basal level 14 hours later. This has been confirmed by Sutton, et al. (3). The Wisconsin workers found a close correlation between the occurrence of these peaks of plasma vitamin C in cattle and the ability to breed them. In some cases, sterile cows, which showed no structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract, were converted into fertile ones by injecting intravenously large amounts of vitamin C just before breeding them. An attempt has been made in this study to determine whether women show a similar rise in the vitamin C content of fasting plasma during the menstrual cycle. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Most of the 8 subjects were nurses who received their meals at the Hospital dining rooms.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Drug Action on Microorganisms XXI: Effect of Quinacrine on Escherichia coli and Its Possible Complexation with Components of Nutrient Growth Medium

The steady-state generation of Escherichia coli (ATCC 12407) was inhibited by the antimalarial quinacrine in the drug concentration range of 0–100 μg/ml at pH 6.9 in Anton’s medium, and the rate of decrease of generation constants increased with drug concentration. The drug activity was affected by the concentration of a mino acids in the nutrient broth and indicated that the inactivation of quinacrine may be explained by its saturable complexation to the a mino acids; methods were applied to estimate concentrations of complexing sites. Studies of generation inhibition at various pH values showed that the diprotonated quinacrine exerted no significant antibacterial activity. Quinacrine was bactericidal at concentrations above 120 μg/ml. Equipotent combinations of quinacrine with tetracycline or chloramphenicol were indifferent.
Genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene and the risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Ovarian cancer is influenced by exogenous and endogenous estrogens as suggested by experimental and epidemiological evidence. Estrogen receptor beta is a predominant estrogen receptor in the normal ovary. Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta gene (ESR2) might influence epithelial ovarian risk through regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This population-based case-control study included 313 women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma and 574 controls, frequency-matched on age and ethnicity. Unconditional logistic regression was used to test associations of rs1271572, rs1256030, rs1256031, and rs3020450 ESR2 genotypes with ovarian cancer risk. Compared to homozygous common allele carriers, homozygous carriers of variant alleles for rs1271572 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.15-2.79, p global = 0.01] and rs1256030 [OR = 1.67, CI: 1.08-2.59, p global = 0.04], and women with haplotypes, including variant alleles of rs1271572, rs1256030, and rs1256031 SNPs [OR = 1.75, CI: 1.17-2.63, p global = 0.007], had significantly increased risk of ovarian carcinoma. The association of the rs1271572 genotype was strongest among women who had never used contraceptive steroids (p for interaction = 0.04). Our data suggest that ESR2 might be a susceptibility marker for epithelial ovarian cancer.
A biuret method for determination of protein in hyamine hydroxide and NCS solutions used for liquid scintillation counting in toluene

Abstract A procedure for measurement of protein concentration in Hyamine hydroxide or NCS solution is described. The assay is linear from 0.5 to 8.0 mg. Use of this procedure offers the advantage of allowing liquid scintillation counting in toluene and protein assay on aliquots of the same sample.