cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Animal behavior case of the month. Fear behavior in a cat.

The patient was a 2.5-year-old 5-kg (11-lb) castrated male domestic shorthair cat. History The patient was housed exclusively indoors. The family included 2 parents and their 2 daughters (ages, 7 and 12), and there were no other animals in the house. The cat had been obtained from a local animal shelter when it was 10 weeks old; the history of the cat before adoption was unknown. The patient had been neutered when it was 6 months old. The cat had negative results of FIV antibody and FeLV antigen tests, which had been performed when it was 6 months old. A short time after the adoption, the family noticed that the cat seemed to be timid and easily frightened by loud noises (eg, sneezing or laughter) and sudden movements (eg, standing up from a chair) of people. The cat ran from the front door when it was opened or from a room when a person entered it. Two and a half years after adoption, the cat was intolerant of holding or petting by family members for periods longer than a few seconds. When the patient was frightened and nervous, it had its ears back and pupils dilated and ran to hide under furniture. When the cat could not escape from a room, it paced and seemed to look for a door. The cat had always slept on the oldest daughter’s bed during each night. The cat tended to stay in that daughter’s room more often than it stayed in other rooms; however, the cat typically remained > 3 feet from her, at which distance the cat was calm and relaxed. The cat never had aggressive behavior or inappropriate elimination when it was frightened, such as at a veterinary clinic. Members of the family always used quiet voices and slow movements near the cat. A pheromone diffuser a was used to reduce the fearful attitude of the cat. These interventions did not have an effect on the cat’s behavior. Approximately 1 year before the behavioral evaluation, the primary care veterinarian had prescribed an anxiolytic medication (alprazolam [0.1 mg/ kg {0.045 mg/lb}, PO, q 12 h]) for the cat because of an owners’ request. After the cat received the first dose of
Abstract 4690: PARP inhibition increases sensitivity to cisplatin in ERCC1-low non-small cell lung cancers

Platinum compounds are the foundation of chemotherapy regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but nevertheless response rates are disappointing and response duration is limited. Tumor expression of ERCC1, a key enzyme in nucleotide excision repair, may correlate with clinical response to platinum agents. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), enzymes essential for base excision repair, enhances platinum sensitivity in BRCA-associated breast and ovarian cancers. We hypothesized that combining PARP inhibition with platinum compounds for tumors with low ERCC1 expression, may be an approach to optimize platinum-based therapy for NSCLC. In primary lung tumor specimens and NSCLC cell lines, PARP1 was found to be a mainly nuclear protein with higher expression in tumor cells as compared to normal counterparts. Drug combination experiments revealed that olaparib (PARP inhibitor) selectively synergized with cisplatin in ERCC1-low HCC827 and PC9 but not in ERCC1-high A549 and H157 lung cancer cells. Similar data were obtained with an alternative PARP inhibitor, veliparib (ABT-888). Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERCC1 in ERCC1-high A549 and H157 cells increased sensitivities of both cisplatin and olaparib. Mechanistic studies further indicated that PARP inhibition alone or in combination with cisplatin led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, via activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathways involving γH2AX, checkpoint kinase 1 and p53. These data suggest that there is a synthetically lethal relationship between PARP inhibition and ERCC1 loss in NSCLC that could be exploited for novel therapeutic approaches in lung cancer therapy based on tumor ERCC1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4690. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4690
Cerebral blood flow imaged with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence angiography and Doppler tomography

Speckle contrast based optical coherence angiography (OCA) and optical coherence Doppler tomography (ODT) have been applied to image cerebral blood flow previously. However, the contrast mechanisms of these two methods are not fully studied. Here, we present both flow phantom and in vivo animal experiments using ultrahigh-resolution OCA (μOCA) and ODT (μODT) to investigate the flow sensitivity differences between these two methods. Our results show that the high sensitivity of μOCA for visualizing minute vasculature (e.g., slow capillary beds) is due to the enhancement by random Brownian motion of scatterers (e.g., red and white blood cells) within the vessels; whereas, μODT permits detection of directional flow below the Brownian motion regime (e.g., laser-induced microischemia) and is, therefore, more suitable for brain functional imaging.
A 256K-bit charge-coupled device memory

This paper describes the design of an experimental 256K-bit serial-access memory using VLSI fabrication technology and low-power dynamic circuits. The memory array chip is implemented with a double polysilicon process and uses charge-coupled devices (CCDs) grouped in 64 blocks of 4K bits each. Operation is typically at a 300-ns-per-bit cycle for both read and write modes, with operating voltages of +8.5, +5.0, and -2.2 volts, and with 310 mW of power dissipation. All inputs and outputs, with the exception of a chip enable and two system clock lines, are TTL-level compatible. The unique design features and the organization of the 256K CCD chip are discussed; the array organization, the chip layout, the peripheral circuitry, and the buried-channel CCD device design are described; and test results obtained on experimental hardware are presented.
Comet 19P/Borrelly at multiple apparitions: seasonal variations in gas production and dust morphology

We present analysis and results from both narrowband photometry and CCD imaging of Comet 19P/Borrelly from multiple apparitions. Production rates for Borrelly a few days prior to the Deep Space 1 spacecraft encounter were Q(OH) = 2.1×1028 molecule s−1, Q(CN) = 5.1×1025 molecule s−1, and A(θ)fρ = 400–500 cm. The equivalent Q(water; vectorial) = 2.5×1028 molecule s−1. We also find that the radial fall-off of the dust is significantly steeper than the canonical 1/ρ for aperture sizes larger than ρ = 2×104 km. In the near-UV, a strong trend in dust colors with aperture size is present. Imaging of Borrelly revealed a strong radial jet in the near-sunward direction that turns off late in the apparition. For the jet to appear radial, it must originate at or very close to the nucleus’ pole. Modeling the measured position angle of this jet as a function of time during the 1994 and 2001 apparitions yields a nucleus in a simple, rather than complex, rotational state with a pole orientation having an obliquity of 102.7° ± 0.5° and an orbital longitude of the pole of 146° ± 1°, corresponding to an RA of 214.1° and a Declination of −5.7° (J2000). There is also evidence for a small (∼8°) precession of the pole over the past century, based on our preferred model solution for jet measurements obtained during the 1911–1932 apparitions. Our solution for the orientation of the rotation axis implies a very strong seasonal effect as the source region for the jet moves from summer to winter. This change in solar illumination quantitatively explains both the nearly level water production measured in the seven weeks preceding perihelion and the extremely large decrease in water production (25×) as Borrelly moved from perihelion to 1.9 AU. A much smaller fall-off in apparent dust production after perihelion can be explained by a population of old, very slowly moving large grains released near peak water production, and therefore not indicative of the actual ongoing release of dust grains late in the apparition. Based on the water vaporization rate, the source region has an area of approximately 3.5 km2 or 4% of the total surface area of the nucleus, and water ice having an effective depth of 3–10 m is released each apparition from this source region.
Separation of dansylated 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, and estrone on a single HPLC column for simultaneous quantitation by LC–MS/MS

We show here that baseline separation of dansylated estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-estradiol can be done, contrary to previous reports, within a short run time on a single RP-LC analytical column packed with particles bonded with phenyl-hexyl stationary phase. The chromatographic method coupled with isotope dilution tandem MS offers a simple assay enabling the simultaneous analysis of these analytes. The method employs 13C-labeled estrogens as internal standards to eliminate potential matrix effects arising from the use of deuterated estrogens. The assay also offers adequate accuracy and sensitivity to be useful for biological samples. The practical applicability of the validated method is demonstrated by the quantitative analyses of in vivo samples obtained from rats treated with Premarin®.
An investigation of the cause of death from cancer

Four thousand seven hundred twenty-eight autopsies performed at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute were reviewed to determine causes of death from cancer. The duration of the disease from the date of diagnosis to death, the primary site of the tumor, a detailed description of the presence or absence of metastatic tumor at a series of sites, and an estimate of the total tumor mass were included in the evaluation. Twenty-three common primary sites were selected for investigation. These sites represented 99% of the total series. Nine causes of death were described. These were respiratory failure, infection, toxic drug reaction, hepatic failure, renal failure, shock or heart failure, adrenal gland failure, electrolyte imbalance, and central nervous system failure. Some of these associations were obviuosly due to the direct destruction of the organ in question. There are some differences, however, comparing lung lesions to hepatic lesions. These and other factors are recited in the text.
A standardized procedure to the study of cost-effectiveness of renewable energy systems in Jordan

Abstract This paper introduces a standardized procedure to study the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy systems (RES) from which it is concluded that in Jordan the cost of production of one kWh/m 2 is almost 3 times more expensive for solar water heating systems (SWHS) than for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The units similarity method is used in this procedure to compare systematically between SWHS and WECS using annual specific output (ASO), cost of energy production, fuel savings and discounted pay-back period (DPBP) as the main comparative parameters. This procedure is extensible to other RES.
Estrogen suppresses heptatic IκB expression during short-term alcohol exposure

To assess the effects of sex steroids on hepatic inflammatory pathways in short-term chronically ethanol-fed rats. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats (8–12 weeks old, n = 8 per treatment group) were implanted with osmotic pumps releasing 17β-estradiol (20 μg/24 h) or testosterone (25 μg/24 h) and fed liquid diets with or without ethanol (8 % w/v) for two weeks. Hepatic expression of IκBα/β, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA was examined by real-time PCR. Liver (nuclear) NFκB, IκBα and β, IL-6, and IL-6Rα protein expression was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot. Estrogen alone induced greater steatosis, NFκB translocation, TNF-α mRNA, as well as IL-6, and IL-6R protein. Alcohol consumption along with estrogen treatment further increased steatosis, NFκB translocation, TNF-α mRNA, and IL-6 protein. Conversely, neither estrogen nor ethanol consumption induced IκBα or IκBβ mRNA or protein expression, while testosterone robustly induced these inhibitory proteins regardless of treatment. Estrogen exposure enhances alcohol-induced liver inflammation, and the anti-inflammatory effects of testosterone in the liver might be related to induction of IκB. Elevated inflammation in response to estrogen may overwhelm the regenerative influence of IL-6 in liver, leading to increased steatosis and greater liver damage.
Error cancellation modeling and its application to machining process control

The product quality in a machining process can be affected by datum surface imperfections, fixture locator errors, and machine tool errors. It has been previously observed that these errors can cancel out one another for certain features. The mathematical modeling and analysis of this phenomenon is currently an open issue. We use the concept of an Equivalent Fixture Error (EFE) embedded into a modeling methodology to obtain insights into this fundamental phenomenon and achieve an improved process control. Based on our process fault model we develop a sequential root cause identification procedure and EFE compensation methodology. A case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed diagnostic procedure. A simulation study is also performed to illustrate the error compensation procedure.
Images in clinical medicine. Spontaneous thrombolysis of an obstructed mechanical aortic valve.

In this 28-year-old man with heart failure and marked jugular venous distention, fluoroscopy confirmed immobilization of one aortic prosthetic valve leaflet. Repeat fluoroscopy 6 months later revealed normal bileaflet motion of the aortic-valve prosthesis.
Dependence driven execution for multiprogrammed multiprocessor

Barrier synchronizations can be very expensive on multiprogramming environment because no process can go past a barrier until all the processes have arrived. If a process participating at a barrier is swapped out by the operating system, the rest of participating processes end up waiting for the swapped-out process. This paper presents a compile-time/run-time system that uses a dependence-driven execution to overlap the execution of computations separated by barriers so that the processes do not spend most of the time idling at the synchronization point.
New myocardial imaging agents: stabilization of radioiodine as a terminal vinyl iodide moiety on tellurium fatty acids

To determine the myocardial uptake and retention properties of radioiodinated tellurium fatty acids, we prepared two new tellurium fatty acids in which iodine-/sup 125/ has been chemically stabilized by attachment as a trans-vinyl iodide (I-CH . CH-R-Te-R'-COOH) and evaluated them in rats. Fabrication of 18-iodo-13-tellura-17-octadecenoic acid was accomplished by coupling 1,5-diiodo-1-pentene with sodium 12-(methoxycarbonyl)-n-dodecan-1-yl telluride. The (5-/sup 125/I)-1,5-diiodo-1-pentene was prepared by an organoborane technique involving /sup 125/I+ treatment of 5-iodo-1-penten-1-ylboronic acid (I(CH/sub 2/)/sub 3/CH . CHB(OH)/sub 2/). The absolute heart uptake of this agent was moderate (1.47-2.52% dose/g after 60 min), but the heart/blood ratios were low (approximately 2.6:1). Only marginal in vivo deiodination occurred, since the thyroid uptake was low (15-18% dose/g after 60 min). The effect of tellurium in position 13 was unexpected. To determine if the low heart specificity and low heart/blood ratios were dependent upon the position of the tellurium, we prepared an analogue with the same chain length, 18-(/sup 125/I)iodo-7-tellura-17-octadecenoic acid, in the same manner by reaction of (11-/sup 125/I)-1,11-diiodo-1-undecene with sodium 6-(methoxycarbonyl)-n-hexan-1-yl telluride. This agent showed pronounced heart uptake (2.47-3.94% dose/g after 60 min) and prolonged retention (1.76-3.14% dose/g after 4 h) in rats. Furthermore, the heart/blood ratios remained high for several hours (13:1more » after 60 min; 9:1 after 4 h). Iodine-123 labeled 18-iodo-7-tellura-17-octadecenoic acid is an attractive new compound for evaluation as a myocardial imaging agent.« less
Use of the TOMM in a Criminal Court Forensic Assessment Setting

Use of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in a criminal court forensic assessment setting was examined. Results indicated that those initially suspected of cognitive malingering and, thus, admin...
Section III. Classroom Practice

What happens in the teaching–learning act—whether in teaching education, in higher education, or in the public and private schools—is absolutely critical to how competencies in multicultural educat...
Norchief, a new smooth type, high total solids, red-skinned potato variety

Norchief is a medium late maturing, red variety with high total solids. In yield, the new variety is quite comparable to Red Pontiac and La Rouge but higher than Norland. Norchief has shown a certain degree of field tolerance to potato flea beetle,Epitrix cucumeris.
Real purchasing power in the neoclassical monetary growth model

Abstract In the one sector neoclassical monetary growth model, the balanced growth path under perfect foresight is a saddle point. The paper demonstrates that this instability problem can be resolved by entering real purchasing power into the liquidity preference function as well as into the consumption function. This process allows an additional mechanism based on income effects in money demand by which a change in real balances can influence the growth path. Stability now depends critically on the size of such income effects given wealth effects from money demand. If stability is restored, the nature of the traditional non-neutrality of money must be qualified.
Nucleation and growth in one dimension.

We study statistical properties of the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Johnson-Mehl nucleation-and-growth model in one dimension. We obtain exact results for the gap density as well as the island distribution. When all nucleation events occur simultaneously, we show that the island distribution has discontinuous derivatives on the rays ${\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{n}}$(t)=nt, n=1,2,3... . We introduce an accelerated growth mechanism with growth rate increasing linearly with the island size. We solve for the interisland gap density and show that the system reaches complete coverage in a finite time and that the near-critical behavior of the system is robust; i.e., it is insensitive to details such as the nucleation mechanism. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Implementing Multilateral Regulation A Preliminary Theory and Illustration

A theory of implementation for multilateral regulation of business is introduced. Four types of implementation actors (international organizations, states, nongovernmental organizations, and business associations) and three implementation tasks (communicate, monitor, and sanction) are identified. The ease of implementation is affected by issues and events that occur early in the life cycle of a policy. Ten propositions are put forward regarding the effects of problem definition and policy formulation on implementation. The theory is illustrated with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Modeling of systems with ill-defined attributes

In the study of an object or a system, one must first of all describe it through interrelating the variables which are considered most relevant to the modeling of the system. However in many cases, the attributes of a system are ambiguous as in the case of handwritten characters; for there is no clear-cut definition of, say, handwritten "five". The characters "5", "5", "5", and "5" are somehow all recognized as "five". For machine recognition of this seemingly ill-defined object, it is necessary to be able to describe it analytically. One attempt is made in this paper to model the handwritten characters. The handwritten characters are directed graphs[1], the branch set of which are fuzzily classified to the branch types such as straight lines, circles and parts of a circle; the branch types in turn are considered as fuzzy variables[2]. A fuzzy function is then synthesized to model each handwritten character by relating fuzzy variables.
The Confocal Microscope as Used in Biometrics

A novel method of human identification using a confocal microscope is presented. The confocal microscope is characterized as a feasible biometric tool used for the imaging of the nail bed through the fingernail.
Paleosol carbonates from the omo group: Isotopic records of local and regional environmental change in east africa

Abstract Pliocene and Pleistocene sedimentary rocks from the Omo–Turkana Basin in East Africa are well known for fossil and archeological evidence of human evolution and provide a unique opportunity to study four million years of environmental change in a rift basin. This study uses carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of pedogenic carbonates to examine environmental variability across ~ 5000 km 2 within the Omo–Turkana Basin. An expanded isotopic dataset, including the first isotopic data on pedogenic carbonates from the Shungura Formation and new data from the Nachukui and Koobi Fora formations, is compared to published isotopic records from both the Omo–Turkana Basin and the lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Regionally, the carbon isotope record indicates a steady increase of C 4 vegetation in floodplain environments for the past 4 million years. The oxygen isotopic record indicates that the isotopic composition of rainfall was depleted in 18 O relative to today's waters and that both basins likely received more rainfall in the Pliocene than today. A shift to higher δ 18 O values in paleosol carbonate after 2 Ma in the Omo–Turkana Basin but not in the lower Awash Basin suggests that the ecology and hydrology in these two rift basins were influenced by different climatic regimes. In addition to regional trends, pedogenic carbonates sampled from different parts of the basin show that the distribution of C 4 vegetation and soil water δ 18 O values varied with proximity to the axial river system, and specifically that C 3 vegetation was more dominant in soils of the Shungura Formation compared with coeval sediments downstream in the Nachukui and Koobi Fora formations. This large isotopic dataset from pedogenic carbonates provides the opportunity to examine how terrestrial systems responded to global climate change during the last 4 million years, from both local and regional perspectives. The isotopic data indicate that local basin and climate dynamics strongly influenced the impact of large-scale environmental change in East African rift basins.
Characterisation of FXTAS related isolated intranuclear protein inclusions using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy

We report the analysis of the vibrational modes of intranuclear protein inclusions isolated from the brain of human subjects with the Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). In this preliminary study, Raman spectra of optically trapped inclusions were measured and analysed to determine protein composition and structure. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The spectra of protein inclusions are characteristic of H2A and H2B histones, which correlate with previous mass spectrometry (MS) studies; (2) Tyrosine is present in its OH form and exposed at the protein surface; (3) Zn and to a lesser extent Cu bound to histidine side chains are detected in the inclusions; (4) The tryptophan side-chain torsion angle is calculated to be 102°; (5) Several potential spectroscopic markers for the inclusions of FXTAS are identified. These results show the capability of using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy to identify protein inclusions in a non-perturbative way and to gain further insight into the pathogenesis and progression of FXTAS in human subjects and in experimental models of this disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social media and the implications for nursing faculty mentoring: A review of the literature

Abstract The purpose of this literature review is to explore ways to facilitate the mentoring process of nursing faculty by employing the use of social media tools. Social media is defined as Internet-based tools and platforms that facilitate the sharing of information, including the transfer of text, photos, audio video, and information in general (Social Media Defined, 2007).
The characterization of microtubule-stabilizing drugs as possible therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies.

Abstract Tau, a protein that is enriched in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), is thought to play a critical role in the stabilization of microtubules (MTs). Several neurodegenerative disorders referred to as tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease and certain types of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau fibrils. Tau deposition into insoluble aggregates is believed to result in a loss of tau function that leads to MT destabilization, and this could cause neurodegeneration as intact MTs are required for axonal transport and normal neuron function. This tau loss-of-function hypothesis has been validated in a tau transgenic mouse model with spinal cord tau inclusions, where the MT-stabilizing agent, paclitaxel, increased spinal nerve MT density and improved motor function after drug absorption at neuromuscular junctions. Unfortunately, paclitaxel is a P-glycoprotein substrate and has poor blood–brain barrier permeability, making it unsuitable for the treatment of human tauopathies. We therefore examined several MT-stabilizing compounds from the taxane and epothilone natural product families to assess their membrane permeability and to determine whether they act as substrates or inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Moreover, we compared brain and plasma levels of the compounds after administration to mice. Finally, we assessed whether brain-penetrant compounds could stabilize mouse CNS MTs. We found that several epothilones have significantly greater brain penetration than the taxanes. Furthermore, certain epothilones cause an increase in CNS MT stabilization, with epothilone D demonstrating a favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile which suggests this agent merits further study as a potential tauopathy drug candidate.
An approximate inertial manifold for computing Burgers' equation

Abstract We present a numerical scheme for the approximation of nonlinear evolution equations over large time intervals. Our algorithm is motivated from the dynamical systems point of view. In particular, we adapt the methodology of approximate inertial manifolds to a finite difference scheme. This leads to a differential treatment in which the higher (i.e. unresolved) modes are expressed in terms of the lower modes. As a particular example we derive an approximate inertial manifold for Burgers' equation and develop a numerical algorithm suitable for computing. We perform a parameter study in which we compare the accuracy of a standard scheme with our modified scheme. For all values of the parameters (which are the coefficient of viscosity and the cell size), we obtain a decrease in the numerical error by at least a factor of 2.0 with the modified scheme. The decrease in error is substantially greater over large regions of the parameters space.
Out-of-Hospital CPR-Reply

In Reply. —The letter from Dr Jolly addresses a very important issue and we concur with his remarks. Implementing a policy that would allow for on-scene termination of resuscitation efforts may not be so easy in many communities. The traditional expectation of the public has been that the EMS system was established primarily to transport patients to a hospital. However, this simplistic perception of the role of EMS is rapidly evolving. 1 The provision of out-of-hospital care does not always necessitate hospital transport, particularly in sophisticated EMS systems with intensive and expert medical supervision. 1-3 Nevertheless, because of traditional public expectations, field termination policies would require the clear support (and widespread education of the public) by the EMS medical director. Communities such as Seattle and Milwaukee, Wis, have always allowed for termination of resuscitative efforts at the scene. In these EMS programs, the physician leadership and overall survival rates have
Resting pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter.

Interdeglutive pressures of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were studied by nonpullthrough techniques in 36 volunteers. Resting pressures did not remain at the high levels observed when the LES was entered. In 30 studies a gradual protracted decay ranging from 5 to 18 mm Hg was observed. These studies suggest that the LES may not pose a continuous barrier to reflux of gastric contents.
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after severe head injury and its possible treatment with polyethyleneglycol-superoxide dismutase

Oxygen radical-mediated mechanisms play a role both in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and in traumatic brain injury. Moreover, my work with measurements of cerebral blood flow with the 133 Xe method and the stable xenon-computed tomography method and through measurements of arteriovenous difference of oxygen indicates that ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion are also part of traumatic brain injury but only in the first few hours after injury. The contributions of the research laboratories at the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, to the understanding of the role of oxygen free radicals in traumatic brain injury are discussed. Finally, a trial of the oxygen radical scavenger polyethyleneglycol-superoxide dismutase in human beings with severe head injuries shows that death and vegetative state occurred twice as often in the 26 patients receiving placebo compared with the group of 26 patients receiving a 10,000 U/kg bolus of polyethyleneglycol-superoxide dismutase (43%, respectively; 20% at three months; P
Current surgical instrument labeling techniques may increase the risk of unintentionally retained foreign objects: a hypothesis

Background Marking of surgical instruments is essential to ensure their proper identification after sterile processing. The National Quality Forum defines unintentionally retained foreign objects in a surgical patient as a serious reportable event also called "never event."
A special case of 3-D optical measurements and reverse engineering for automotive applications: the Ferrari 250 Mille Miglia

The complete process of 3D optical measurement, view alignment, mesh creation, production of CAD models, and rapid prototypation of a prestigious historic car is presented. The optical digitiser OPL-3D, developed in our laboratory, is the sophisticated instrument that allowed the accurate gauging of the car. The instrument has been used in different set ups, to optimise the acquisition speed while maintaining the resolution required for large areas as well as for fine details of the car body. The work highlights the impact that the novel 3D optical measurement instrumentation, based on incoherent light, whole field projection, in conjunction with current point cloud elaboration tools, with modern CAD environments, and with rapid prototyping systems, can have when applied to the automotive domain, for reverse design and engineering, for scaled model production, and for accurate 3D visualization of prestigious objects in virtual museums.
A physical layer authentication scheme for countering primary user emulation attack

This paper develops a physical layer user authentication scheme for wireless systems. The approach can be used as an effective counter measure against the primary user emulation attack in cognitive radios. The developed scheme applies to general digital constellations and we establish its optimality in terms of error probability for user authentication. Trade-off analysis is provided that balances the performance of the user authentication for the secondary user and symbol detection for the primary user. In particular, we show that arbitrarily reliable user authentication can be achieved at the price of an almost negligible performance degradation for the primary user under realistic system settings.
Spectral unmixing methods to estimate materials on satellite surface

The concept of using non-imaging measurements (NIM) to obtain information about satellites is discussed. We present the use of sunlight spectral measurements to estimate the composition of satellites exterior surface. We simulate the sunlight spectrum after reflection on a satellite surface by using real spectral measurements from 14 different materials commonly used on satellite surface. Several methods have been developed and tested: a linear constrained estimator and method based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the material database. The constrained estimator gives the best estimate regarding the presence of materials in the synthetic spectrum and regarding the relative quantity of the materials in the spectrum when both methods detect the correct materials present in the synthetic spectrum.
Economic Grand Rounds: The Price Is Right? Changes in the Quantity of Services Used and Prices Paid in Response to Parity

The impact of parity coverage on the quantity of behavioral health services used by enrollees and on the prices of these services was examined in a set of Federal Employees Health Benefit (FEHB) Program plans. After parity implementation, the quantity of services used in the FEHB plans declined in five service categories, compared with plans that did not have parity coverage. The decline was significant for all service types except inpatient care. Because a previous study of the FEHB Program found that total spending on behavioral health services did not increase after parity implementation, it can be inferred that average prices must have increased over the period. The finding of a decline in service use and increase in prices provides an empirical window on what might be expected after implementation of the federal parity law and the parity requirement under the health care reform law.
TRPV1 Receptor Mediates Glutamatergic Synaptic Input to Dorsolateral Periaqueductal Gray (dl-PAG) Neurons

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor in modulating neuronal activity of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl-PAG...
Heinz Body Anemia and Methemoglobinemia in Ponies Given Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Leaves

Ponies given dried red maple (Acer rubrum L.) leaves at a dose of 3.0 gm/kg body weight became ill and died one to five days after administration of the leaves. Two clinical patterns of disease were seen. Ponies given dried leaves collected after September 15 died by 18 hours, while ponies given dried leaves collected before September 15 became ill with a hemolytic syndrome and died by three to five days. Freshly harvested leaves adminis- tered immediately after collection did not produce disease in ponies, but when dried, they became toxic and remained so for at least 30 days. Overnight freezing did not alter the toxicity of the leaves. Leaves were toxic when administered at doses of 1.5 gm/kg of body weight. The clinical signs of ponies with the hemolytic syndrome included polypnea, tachycardia, icterus, cyanosis, scleral petechiation, and brownish discoloration of the urine and blood. Blood changes of ponies with the hemolytic syndrome included anemia, hemoglobinemia, Heinz bodies, depletion of erythrocyte reduced glutathione, increased erythrocyte fragility, and increased serum levels of aspartate amino transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, plasma protein, and bilirubin. Lesions of ponies that died from the hemolytic syndrome included icterus, centrilobular hepatic degeneration, hemoglobinemic nephrosis, and erythrophagocytosis by splenic, adrenal, and hepatic phagocytes. Only brownish discoloration of the blood and mild centrilobular hepatic degeneration were observed in the four ponies that died peracutely. A recent report has shown that the ingestion of wilted or dried red maple (Acer rubrum L.) leaves by horses resulted in a fatal syndrome characterized by intravas- cular hemolysis, Heinz body formation, and increased concentration of erythrocyte methemoglobin (7). The hemolytic syndrome has been recognized in six field cases, and it may have caused illness and death of horses in New Jersey (16). Proven field cases have occurred only in the fall or late summer; none has been recognized earlier in the year. Affected horses were thin and malnourished, and were on poor quality pasture. It was not determined if the seasonal occurrence represented an autumnal increase in the toxin content or an increased willingness of horses to eat the leaves. The clinical signs of red maple poisoning in field cases were indistinguishable from those produced by the oral administration of dried ground Acer rubrum leaves to a pony. They included polypnea, tachycardia, weakness, icterus, cyanosis, and brown- 52 I
ANCHORS AWAY–THE STABILITY OF MEANING OF ANCHORS WHEN THEIR LOCATION IS CHANGED

This study addresses three questions. (1) Does the meaning of the neutral anchor shift when its position is moved away from the middle of the series? The location of (psychological) zero in rating scales is crucial if they are to be used as multipliers (e.g., as weights or in functional equations). (2) Does moving the neutral anchor from a central position increase sensitivity (variance) of ratings? Such displacement has been used frequently without investigation of its effects. (3) Are any of the above effects general across types of anchors? Displacement had significant effects (N= 210) on meaning of the neutral anchor and on sensitivity. Stability of meaning of anchors, however, was greater when anchors were words rather than faces. Therefore verbal anchors should be used, with the neutral anchor located centrally, to establish zero; but displaced to increase sensitivity at one end of the scale.
ν☆: a robot path planning algorithm based on renormalised measure of probabilistic regular languages

This article introduces a novel path planning algorithm, called ν ☆, that reduces the problem of robot path planning to optimisation of a probabilistic finite state automaton. The ν ☆-algorithm makes use of renormalised measure ν of regular languages to plan the optimal path for a specified goal. Although the underlying navigation model is probabilistic, the ν ☆-algorithm yields path plans that can be executed in a deterministic setting with automated optimal trade-off between path length and robustness under dynamic uncertainties. The ν ☆-algorithm has been experimentally validated on Segway Robotic Mobility Platforms in a laboratory environment.
Utilizing a Home-Based Parent Training Approach in the Treatment of Food Selectivity

Evaluating effects of utilizing parents as therapists for treating behavior problems has become increasingly important in the dissemination and practice of applied behavior analysis. However, home-based parent training approaches have been underused in treating feeding problems. In this study, mothers were trained to implement differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) combined with non-removal of the spoon and demand fading for the treatment of their childrens' food selectivity. The procedures were highly effective and generalization to untargeted foods was observed. Parent procedural integrity and parent collected interobserver agreement (IOA) data remain high throughout the study. This study also demonstrated an effective method for systematically decreasing reinforcement magnitude and schedules in an effort to mimic traditional reinforcer delivery such as intermittently providing a dessert at the end of the meal. Finally, this study successfully increased a demand fading ratio of 50–150% without noticeable side effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On "The Evolution of Wideband Services in the United States"

Clarification is made on the matter of the introduction of repeaters into long distance telephone service.
A dual-band oscillator with reconfigurable cavity-backed complementary split-ring resonator

A novel C-band low phase noise dual-band oscillator using a reconfigurable cavity-backed complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed and developed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The resonator consists of a PIN diode switch and a CSRR resonator embedded in an SIW cavity. It is able to provide two different resonance frequencies by selecting different diode modes. A switchable matching stub is used for matching each of the two states. Measured results show that the proposed oscillator is able to operate at 2.675 and 3.77 GHz, respectively, with a phase noise of 105.5 and 99.6 dBc/Hz at a 100 KHz offset.
Theophylline Tablets Coated with Aqueous Latexes Containing Dispersed Pore Formers

Abstract Constant drug release was achieved from theophylline tablets coated with a multiporous membrane in an aqueous environment. The tablets were coated with an aqueous acrylic latex containing a dispersed pore-forming agent with pH-dependent solubility characteristics. The pore former, dibasic calcium phosphate, was insoluble in the latex but leached out rapidly in 0.1 M HCI. Theophylline was then released at a constant rate through the multiporous membrane. The drug release was a function of the level of the pore-forming agent and the membrane thickness, but independent of the pH of the dissolution medium and the degree of agitation.
PRODUCT‐MIX AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE WITHIN THE LEONTIEF INVERSE

. Intertemporal differences in input-output coefficients can be attributed to technological change and to changes in the mix of products composing the aggregate sectors of input-output models. In this work, we develop the theoretical foundation necessary to separate these changes for both the structural and Leontief inverse matrices. Using this foundation, we examine the relative empirical importance of technological and product-mix change. The product-mix effect is then combined with RAS estimates of the technological effect to form updated estimates of the inverse. Results show that the accuracy of updated input-output coefficients can be improved in this manner.
The Entailments of Exchange

“I write at the moment to let you know that we have had a kuru death and a complete autopsy.” He was relieved and triumphant. “I did it at 2am, during a howling storm, in a native hut, by lantern l...
Principles and neurobiological correlates of concentrative, diffuse, and insight meditation.

T he term meditation encompasses a broad variety of mental-training practices that vary between cultures and traditions, ranging from techniques designed to promote physical health, relaxation, and improved concentration, to exercises performed with farther-reaching goals, such as developing a heightened sense of well-being, cultivating altruistic behaviors, and, for some, attaining enlightenment. Meditation can be conceptualized as complex emotional and attentional regulatory practices in which mental and somatic events are affected by specific mental-training practices. Meditation is typically associated with a concurrent state of heightened vigilant awareness and reduced metabolic activity—which lead to improved physical health, psychological balance, and emotional stability. Not all meditation practices focus on the training of specific cognitive skills, and in those that do, the methodologies and outcomes often vary. It is therefore essential to be explicit about the type of meditation practice under investigation. Different types of meditation can be classified based on how the practitioner’s attentional processes are regulated and directed. In this article we focus on the two most common styles of meditation derived from Buddhist traditions: (1) concentrative, or focused-attention, meditation, and (2) diffuse, or open-monitoring, meditation. Concentrative meditation involves maintaining and continually refocusing attention on a chosen object, such as a body sensation, single point in space, color, object, sound, or affective state such as compassion. Open-monitoring meditation involves developing a present-centered and unattached/neutral mode of observation toward all sensational phenomena, including thoughts.
Capillary Electrophoresis/Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry: Development and Optimization of a High Resolution Analytical Tool for the Size-Based Characterization of Nanomaterials in Dietary Supplements

We report the development and optimization of a system consisting of capillary electrophoresis (CE) interfaced with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for rapid and high resolution speciation and characterization of metallic (e.g., gold, platinum, and palladium) nanoparticles in a dietary supplement. Multiple factors, including surfactant type and concentration, pH of running buffer, and applied voltage, were investigated to optimize the separation conditions. It was found that by using the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) in the running buffer the separation resolution was significantly improved, allowing for easy distinction of adjacent size fractions in a gold nanoparticle mixture with very small size differences (e.g., 5, 15, 20, and 30 nm). The type and concentration of the surfactant was found to be critical in obtaining sufficient separation while applied voltage and pH values of the running buffers largely affected the elution times by varying the electroosmotic flow. Quantum dots were used as mobility markers to eliminate the run-to-run variation. The diameters of the nanoparticles followed a linear relationship with their relative electrophoretic mobility, and size information on unknown samples could be extrapolated from a standard curve. The accuracy and precision of this method was confirmed using 10 and 30 nm gold nanoparticle standard reference materials. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercially available metallic nanoparticle-based dietary supplements, as evidenced by good agreement between the particle sizes calculated by CE/ICPMS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Application Discussion of the Enterprise Culture in Modern Logistics Enterprise Management

The enterprise culture brings the powerful influence on the successful corporation.It is very essential to build characteristic culture for modern enterprise.Especially to the logistics corporation,it is more important to promote the business culture.By analyzing the business culture in different ways,this paper gives some ideas about how to build the business culture,the main content and basic goal.
Dermatologic problems of office workers.

Skin disorders due to working in the modern office building appear to be uncommon. Dermatoses have been attributed to poorly ventilated energy-efficient buildings, to visual display terminals, and to various types of paper. Evaluation of the office worker requires attention to extracutaneous as well as cutaneous symptoms.