cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On completely X-symmetric factorizable S-matrices corresponding to theta functions

Abstract We report on a study of completely X -symmetric factorizable S -matrices with indices in ⊗ g i =1 Z e i . Our results settle a hitherto unresolved conjecture of the Chudnovskys concerning such S -matrices corresponding to theta functions: it is false.
Insulin-mediated GLUT4 Translocation Is Dependent on the Microtubule Network

The GLUT4 facilitative glucose transporter is recruited to the plasma membrane by insulin. This process depends primarily on the exocytosis of a specialized pool of vesicles containing GLUT4 in their membranes. The mechanism of GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis in response to insulin is not understood. To determine whether GLUT4 exocytosis is dependent on intact microtubule network, we measured insulin-mediated GLUT4 exocytosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in which the microtubule network was depolymerized by pretreatment with nocodazole. Insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation was inhibited by more than 80% in nocodazole-treated cells. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), activation of IRS-1 associated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase, and phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt-1 were not inhibited by nocodazole treatment indicating that the microtubule network was not required for proximal insulin signaling. An intact microtubule network is specifically required for insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation since nocodazole treatment did not affect insulin-mediated GLUT1 translocation or adipsin secretion. By using in vitro microtubule binding, we demonstrated that both GLUT4 vesicles and IRS-1 bind specifically to microtubules, implicating microtubules in both insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation. Vesicle binding to microtubules was not mediated through direct binding of GLUT4 or insulin-responsive aminopeptidase to microtubules. A model microtubule-dependent translocation of GLUT4 is proposed.
What users say they want in documentation

While earlier work provided a partial view of users' preferences about manuals, for most users in most work contexts the important question remains open: What do users want in documentation? This paper presents the results of a study in which a diverse cross-section of 25 users was interviewed in depth about their needs and preferences with respect to software help systems, whether printed or on-line, that they use at work. The study's participants indicated that they preferred documentation, whether online or printed, that is easy to navigate, provides explanations at an appropriate level of technical detail, enables finding as well as solving problems through examples and scenarios, and is complete and correct. These preferences give rise to difficult issues, including a possibly inherent tension between coverage and precision, and variation among users with respect to desired level of technical complexity of explanation
Design of High-Performance Synchronous Buck DC-DC Converters Using GaN Power HEMTs

Simple, physics-based, and accurate circuit models are reported for GaN power HEMTs and inductors; these models are then used to design high-performance chip-scale synchronous buck (SB) power converters to provide agile point-of-load (POL) low-voltage ( down to 1V) high-current (up to 10A) power to portable mobile devices from a battery. Excellent agreement between the measured and simulated results is demonstrated for load regulation for a 19V/1.2V, 800 kHz SB converter; for comparison, the same converter performance using the best commercially available state-of-the-art silicon power MOSFETs is also evaluated. It is shown that the conventional approach used for estimating power loss of a SB power converter is in error; a new application-specific Figure of Merit (FOM) for power switches is proposed that accounts for both input and output switching losses.
Turbulence Characteristics in a Rushton Stirring Vessel Measured via Time Resolved DPIV

Stirred vessels are devices that find extensive industrial applications particularly in mineral and chemical industries. Interactions of solid particles and/or bubbles and particles depend on the characteristics of turbulent flow. In many analytical models, the rate of collision is a function of turbulence dissipation. It has been known that dissipation levels are much higher in the neighborhood of the agitating mechanism, in our case the Rushton impeller. In this paper we use time-resolved DPIV to measure the velocity field with a spatial resolution down to 100 μm, and a frequency resolution of 500 Hz. The range of Reynolds numbers investigated varied from 20,000 to 50,000, with the smallest Kolmogorov length scale of about 15 μm. The flow in the impeller stream of a Rushton impeller can be best summarized as a radial jet with a pair of convecting tip vortices. The turbulence quantities were found by removing the periodic component from the blade passing, which is the dominant part of the measured velocities. Dissipation was calculated from the velocity gradients, and assuming isotropy. We provide further evidence that larger dissipation values in the vicinity of the impeller are consistent with the dynamic motion generated by the blade passage. This is somewhat anti-intuitive, because energy is dissipated at the smallest eddy scales, and the immediate vicinity of the impeller contains large vortical structures and provides little space or time for such structures to break down. The maximum and mean normalized dissipation in the impeller stream showed decreasing trends with the Reynolds number. Other normalized turbulence quantities, namely Vrms and in plane vorticity are presented. Our experiments agree very well with other experimental studies. Estimates of turbulence characteristics and in particular distributions of turbulent energy dissipation determined in this study will be used in estimating rates of collisions of bubbles and particles in stirred vessels.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effects of charcoal-extracted follicular fluid on reproductive function in postpartum cows.

In order to determine the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the resumption of ovarian function in cows early postpartum (PP), bovine follicular fluid (FF) was used to selectively suppress concentrations of FSH. Calves were removed from all cows within 24 hr of birth. Follicular fluid that was treated with charcoal to remove steroids (15 ml; n=14) or serum (S) from an ovariectomized cow (15 ml, n=14) was injected i.m. twice daily from days 1 to 10 PP. Blood samples were collected before each injection and frequent samples (every 15 min for 6 hr) taken on days 5 and 10 PP. Eight cows from each group (FF and S) were slaughtered on the morning of day 11 PP and pituitaries and ovaries collected. The remaining cows (n=6) were observed for estrus. Treatment with FF delayed follicular growth (P 0.15), in the samples obtained twice daily compared to S-treated cows that did not ovulate by day 10 PP. Anterior pituitaries were dissociated, and cells from each cow were cultured in order to ascertain whether treatment with FF in vivo would affect gonadotropin secretion in vitro. Estradiol-17β (E) was incubated with pituitary cells to determine the effect of E on gonadotropin secretion from cells of PP cows, and to ascertain whether treatment with FF in vivo and with E in vitro would interact to affect secretion of FSH and LH in culture. After 2 d of incubation, cells were treated with 10−9 M E or vehicle (1% ethanol). Two days later, cells were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and after 6 hr, medium collected. Injections of FF did not affect GnRH-induced release of FSH or LH from pituitary cells in culture (P>0.20). Incubation with E decreased the release of LH in response to GnRH (P<0.005). There was a greater suppression of GnRH-induced LH release due to E pretreatment in cells from FF-treated cows than in cells from cows treated with S (P<0.03). Thus, treatment with FF decreased FSH concentrations and delayed follicular development and ovulation, even in the presence of elevated or control levels of LH. Therefore, FSH does play a role in folliculogenesis in PP cows. Based on results obtained in vitro, we conclude that E inhibited LH secretion and this phenomenon may be inherent to the PP animal. Even though FF treatment in vivo did not significantly decrease the secretion of FSH or LH in vitro, it did synergize with E resulting in a much greater suppression of LH than with either E or FF alone.
Detailed neurite morphologies of sister neuroblastoma cells are related

Abstract Neuroblastoma cells exhibit a wide variety of patterns of neurite morphology. However, when these cells are induced to extend neurites under conditions in which mitotic sister cells are readily identifiable, 60% of these sister pairs display analogous morphologies. These cells are related either as identical twins or as mirror images of each other. The relatedness is expressed in considerable detail of neurite morphology. These relationships can persist through at least two cell divisions. The results suggest that animal cells can inherit specific determinants of shape.
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone and multiple flavonoids in combination alter the ABCG2-mediated tissue distribution of mitoxantrone in mice.

Purpose The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of 5,7-DMF on the accumulation of mitoxantrone (MX) in BCRP-expressing normal cells and to investigate its impact on the PK and tissue distribution of MX in mice.
Taxane diterpenes 2: Synthesis of the 7-deoxy ABC taxane skeleton, and reactions of the A-ring

Abstract The bicyclo[5.4.0]undecenones 5, 6 and 7 are converted through a four step sequence involving activation, gem -methylcyclopropanation and reductive cleavage into the B/C rings of the taxanes, 18 and 19 . The A-ring has been attached to the B/C ring system by cyclization of the sulfone-ester 28 to give 29 , and also at a higher oxidation level; 33 gives 34 . The same type of anionic cyclization is successful in the presence of the C-1 hydroxyl group; 39 gives 40 . The A-ring can also be made using the classical aldol reaction; 43 to give 45 . A third A-ring closure method using the nitro-aldol reaction (Henry reaction) was also successful; 47 gives 48 . The A-ring has been elaborated by conversion into the tax-12, 13-enes 53 and 58 . Hydroxyl directed epoxidation of 60 results in completely stereospecific oxidation to give 61 . Autoxidation of 41 gave the 12, 13-dioxotaxane 67 which was further elaborated into the exomethylene ketone 70 . The α,β-unsaturated nitro alkene 74 has been converted into the 13-ketotaxane 76 using a reductive Nef reaction. Subsequent reduction of the C-13 carbonyl group with DIBAL-H gave the 13-α-alcohol 77 with the correct C-13 taxol stereochemistry. β-Elimination of the 3, 10-oxido bridge via the dianion of the acid 81 results in transannular hydride shift to give the butenolide 83 .
Neonatal hypothalamic and cerebral cortical tissue QO2

Abstract 1. 1. Manometric studies on tissues from the cerebral and hypothalamic regions show a higher QO2 in Tyrode's solution than in Krebs'-hosphate-Ringer's solution. 2. 2. Neonatal weight varies in relation to litter size and days of age. Therefore neonatal development may be more closely allied to body weight than age. 3. 3. Tissue QO2 from the hypothalamic and cerebral areas rises from parturition to 15 g body weight and declines in an almost linear fashion to a body weight of 25–28 g where it becomes a horizontal line function to at least a body weight of 60 g. 4. 4. Cerebral tissue, although it follows the same pattern as tissue from the hypothalamic area, has a constantly lower value even though this is not considered to be statistically significant.
Infectious disease and women's health

Infectious diseases are important worldwide causes of both morbidity and mortality in women. We are delighted to present this issue of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America concerning the unique aspects of selected infectious diseases related to gynecology and women’s health care. You will note that we do not address infectious complications of pregnancy or any perinatal infections to permit in-depth updates on gynecologic issues. We drew from the rich talents of members of the Infectious Diseases Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology to assemble the list of authors of the following articles. Each of these individuals is currently involved in research and clinical care relating to the topics they discuss. Thus, you will be rewarded in each article with scholarly discussions of the state-of-the-art about an infection or syndrome as well as practical clinical information to aid you in patient care. Primary care for women has been an underappreciated role of obstetricians and gynecologists for many years. However, preventive care always has been an integral part of ambulatory office practice. Promising work on vaccines against human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and group B beta streptococcus predict a greater emphasis on vaccinations for obstetricians and gynecologists. Dr. Gall provides a thorough overview of immunizations for women that should facilitate incorporation of immunizations into our practices. Dr. Kohl and colleagues emphasize screening for Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common bacterial STD, to prevent its sequelae of pelvic infection and infertility. Dr. Piper and colleagues emphasize the critical role of behavioral interventions to prevent STDs, and they describe innovative programs that have been immensely successful
Piercing the mists: Limited and ambiguous conflicts

(1990). Piercing the mists: Limited and ambiguous conflicts. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 59-76.
A nutrition information needs survey among older adults: Application of adult learning principles

Purpose – The aim of this study is to explore older adults' nutrition information needs. The paper seeks to describe the development and findings of a nutrition information needs assessment among older adults, with the application of principles of adult learning.Design/methodology/approach – A telephone survey among 321 older adults who were between 60 and 80 years old in the Midwest was conducted. The study was guided by principles of adult learning, and by self‐efficacy, a key‐construct of social cognitive theory.Findings – The majority reported to be white, with a mean age of 69 years. In total, 95 percent rated their knowledge about nutrition, and their interest in healthy eating as excellent/very good/ or good. Preferred nutrition information sources were health professionals, sources they have at home, nutrition classes, flyers/brochures/health newsletters, and public libraries. The majority was interested in information about eating healthfully, heart healthy diets, and strategies for healthy eatin...
Centric Heterochromatin and the Efficiency of Achiasmate Disjunction in Drosophila Female Meiosis

The chromosomal requirements for achiasmate (nonexchange) homolog disjunction in Drosophila female meiosis I have been identified with the use of a series of molecularly defined minichromosome deletion derivatives. Efficient disjunction requires 1000 kilobases of overlap in the centric heterochromatin and is not affected by homologous euchromatin or overall size differences. Disjunction efficiency decreases linearly as heterochromatic overlap is reduced from 1000 to 430 kilobases of overlap. Further observations, including rescue experiments with nod kinesin-like protein transgenes, demonstrate that heterochromatin does not act solely to promote chromosome movement or spindle attachment. Thus, it is proposed that centric heterochromatin contains multiple pairing elements that act additively to initiate or maintain the proper alignment of achiasmate chromosomes in meiosis I. How heterochromatin could act to promote chromosome pairing is discussed here.
The Significance of the Fluctuations Experienced in Observing Ambiguous Figures and in Binocular Rivalry

Resume Les resultats de cette etude indiquent qu'il y a un facteur commun qui joue un role dans la determination de la vitesse du renversement eprouve dans l'observation des figures ambigues et dans la rivalite binoculaire; aussi que ce meme facteur est important pour determiner les resultats faits sur une echelle d'evaluation des introvertis et des extrovertis quand cette echelle est construite pour mesurer les differences en degres de la force d'expression, la base primaire sur laquelle le Dr. William McDougall fait la distinction entre un introverti et un extroverti. Les introvertis ont de grandes vitesses et les extrovertis ont de petites vitesses de fluctuation. Les resultats sont bases sur les resultats obtenus de trois tests comprenant des figures ambiguea et deux tests de rivalite binoculaire, avec une echelle d'evaluation appropriee pour l'introversion et l'extroversion. Les resultats des tests comprenant des figures ambigues quand on les compare aux resultats des tests comprenant la rivalite bin...
State variable techniques applied to aquifer systems

Aquifer systems are distributed parameter systems. In this paper a system of linear differential equations is used to study head variations in an aquitard. A technique for determining the specific hydraulic diffusivity is developed.
A simulation model of extracellular glucose distribution in the human body.

A model of the human circulation, devised for use in computer simulation studies of the dynamics of glucose-insulin interactions, is presented. The circulation is modeled as a branched circuit, with separate branches representing the major circulation paths in which distinctly different processes, important in glucose-insulin dynamics, occur. Individual processes are formulated directly, in more explicit detail than that possible in conventional “compartment” models, and are subject to experimental verification. Initial studies of circulatory distribution responses to glucose injections of various sizes have yielded quantitative estimates of the parameters governing glucose diffusion between the circulation and various major interstitial beds. This model provides solute-concentration response simulations in more realistic form and more comprehensive structure than has been reported in previous work on this subject. It is believed that such improvements will be useful in the investigation of rapid-response modes observed in insulin secretory responses to glucose.
Survival of patients with severe congestive heart failure treated with oral milrinone

The safety and efficacy of long-term oral milrinone therapy were evaluated over a 2½ year period in 100 patients who had severe congestive heart failure despite conventional therapy. Long-term oral milrinone therapy (27 ± 8 mg/day initial dose) was well tolerated; drug-related side effects occurred in only 11 % of patients and led to drug withdrawal in only 4% of patients. Of 94 patients evaluated after 1 month of therapy, 51 % had improved by at least one New York Heart Association functional class. Despite hemodynamic and clinical improvements, life table analysis showed a 39% mortality rate at 6 months and a 63% mortality rate at 1 year of therapy. Characteristics at study entry that predicted death within 6 months included more advanced functional class, impaired renal function, lower right ventricular ejection fraction, presence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography, more impaired baseline hemodynamic function and absence of clinical improvement after 1 month of milrinone therapy. Multivariate analysis selected lower baseline cardiac index and aortic systolic pressure as the most significant variables in predicting death; patients who died of progressive heart failure had less frequent use of antiarrhythmic drugs and greater increases in furosemide and milrinone doses during long-term follow-up than did those who died suddenly. Thus, although milrinone is well tolerated and produces early symptomatic benefits in approximately half of patients with congestive heart failure refractory to conventional therapy, there is no evidence that it improves the high baseline mortality in this disorder.
SERIAL FILLING AND EVAPORATIVE PATTERNS OF CHEST RADIOGRAPHS IN TERM AND PRETERM NEONATES TREATED WITH PARTIAL LIQUID VENTILATION WITH PERFLUBRON. ♦ 1535

SERIAL FILLING AND EVAPORATIVE PATTERNS OF CHEST RADIOGRAPHS IN TERM AND PRETERM NEONATES TREATED WITH PARTIAL LIQUID VENTILATION WITH PERFLUBRON. ♦ 1535
Theory and application of half-sib matings in forage grass breeding

Half-sib (HS) matings, including polycross, topcross, and open-pollination, are useful in the breeding of cross-pollinated sexual perennial forage grasses to evaluate general combining ability of parental clones for synthetic cultivar development, recombine selected entries in recurrent selection programs, and obtain quantitative genetic information. The objective of this paper is to review uses of HS matings in breeding of these forage grasses with emphasis on theoretical aspects related to quantitative genetic analysis. Polycross mating with adequate replications and sufficient isolation is recommended over topcross and open-pollinated mating schemes in generating HS families for quantitative genetic studies. For the estimates of many genetic parameters to be valid, the parents must be a random sample from a random mating population in linkage equilibrium. Precision of the estimates depends on adequante sampling of the population of genotypes and environments used for evaluation. Analyses of variance on HS families and parental clones, and analysis of covariance between parent and offspring provide useful information on additivity of genetic effects and on genotype × environment interactions. Classical, narrow-sense heritability on an individual plant basis can be estimated and used to predict genetic gain from individual (mass) selection, providing that within family variance is estimable. If the forage breeder uses family selection, heritability should be estimated according to the proposed unit of selection. The selection unit must be specified in terms of numbers of replications, years, and locations. Polycross HS family selection can be readily adapted to a population improvement program in forage grass breeding. Narrow-sense heritability can also be estimated by doubling the linear regression coefficient of HS prog eny means on parental means. When HS families and parents are evaluated together in replicated experiments under similar environments, covariance analysis is recommended to remove the genotype × environment interaction covariance and environmental error covariance between parent and offspring, since these nongenetic covariances may result in inflated heritability estimates and misleading expected genetic gains from selection.
Economic costs of obesity and inactivity.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the economic costs of inactivity (including those attributable to obesity). These costs represent one summary of the public health impact of increasingly sedentary populations in countries with established market economies. Components of the costs of illness include direct costs resulting from treatment of morbidity and indirect costs caused by lost productivity (work days lost) and forgone earnings caused by premature mortality. Methods: We searched the Medline database for studies reporting the economic costs of obesity or inactivity, or cost of illness. From the identified references those relating to obesity or conditions attributable to obesity were reviewed. Chronic conditions related to inactivity include coronary heart disease (CHD). hypertension, Type II diabetes, colon cancer, depression and anxiety, osteoporotie hip fractures, and also obesity. Increasing adiposity, or obesity, is itself a direct cause of Type II diabetes, hypertension, CHD, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis and cancer of the breast, colon, and endometrium. The most up-to-date estimates were extracted. To estimate the proportion of disease that could be prevented by eliminating inactivity or obesity we calculated the population-attributable risk percent. Prevalence based cost of illness for the U.S. is in 1995 dollars. Results: The direct costs of lack of physical activity, defined conservatively as absence of leisure-time physical activity, are approximately 24 billion dollars or 2.4% of the U.S. health care expenditures. Direct costs for obesity defined as body mass index greater than 30, in 1995 dollars, total 70 billion dollars. These costs are independent of those resulting from lack of activity. Conclusion: Overall, the direct costs of inactivity and obesity account for some 9.4% of the national health care expenditures in the United States. Inactivity, with its wide range of health consequences, represents a major avoidable contribution to the costs of illness in the United States and other countries with modern lifestyles that have replaced physical labor with sedentary occupations and motorized transportation.
Ferroelectric random access memory based on one-transistor-one-capacitor structure for flexible electronics

Abstract We have demonstrated a low temperature process for a ferroelectric non-volatile random access memory cell based on a one-transistor–one-capacitor (1T1C) structure for application in flexible electronics. The n-channel thin film transistors (TFTs) and ferroelectric capacitors (FeCaps) are fabricated using cadmium sulfide (CdS) as the semiconductor and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer as the ferroelectric material, respectively. The maximum processing temperature for the TFTs is 100 °C and 120 °C for the FeCaps. The TFT shows excellent access control of the FeCap in the 1T1C memory cell, and the stored polarization signals are undisturbed when the TFT is off. The fabricated 1T1C memory cell was also evaluated in a FRAM circuit. The memory window on the bit line was demonstrated as 2.3 V, based on the 1T1C memory cell with a TFT having dimensions of 80 μm/5 μm (W/L) and a FeCap with an area of 0.2 × 10−3 cm2 using a bit line capacitor of 1 nF pre-charged at 17.2 V. The 1T1C memory cell is fabricated using photolithographic processes, allowing the integration with other circuit components for flexible electronics systems.
DARPP-32 Involvement in the Photic Pathway of the Circadian System

The multifunctional regulator of protein kinases and phosphatases dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) is an important molecular target of the dopamine signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of DARPP-32 regulation in the circadian system using DARPP-32 knock-out (KO) mice. These mice showed normal entrainment to a 12 h light/dark cycle and free run in constant darkness with a period similar to that of wild-type controls. After light exposure, however, the behavioral phase-delay response and the expression of light-induced clock gene mPer2 were attenuated in the DARPP-32 KO mice. Attenuated phase delays were also seen in animals bearing a point mutation in DARPP-32 at the PKA (Thr34) but not at the casein kinase I (Ser130) phosphorylation site. We next examined DARPP-32 expression in the retina and intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), both of which convey light information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the locus of a master circadian clock, and in the SCN itself. DARPP-32 was expressed in the retina but not in the IGL or the SCN. The results indicate that DARPP-32 is involved in the retinal pathway transmitting photic information that resets the circadian clock.
Understanding Frailty, Aging, and Inflammation in HIV Infection

Frailty is a clinical syndrome initially characterized in geriatric populations with a hallmark of age-related declines in physiologic reserve and function and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Recently, frailty has increasingly been recognized as a common and important HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) condition. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of frailty and its phenotypic characteristics and evidence that they are related to aging and to chronic inflammation that is associated with aging and also with long-term treated HIV infection. The etiology of this chronic inflammation is unknown but we discuss evidence linking it to persistent infection with cytomegalovirus in both geriatric populations and people living with HIV infection.
Evidence of high velocity anomalies in the transition zone associated with Southern Kurile Subduction Zone

We address the use of regional broad-band waveform data to better constrain the upper mantle transition zone structure. We then show evidence of high velocity anomalies in the transition zone associated with the southern Kurile subduction zone. Modeling of the triplicated regional waveforms supports that high velocity anomalies exist in the deeper part of the transition zone (over 500 km in depth), and the “660” discontinuity may be depressed to about 690 km depth. Our results suggest there is some degree of flattening of the slab in the southern Kuriles.
Characterization of the Trypanosoma brucei 5S ribosomal RNA gene and transcript: the 5S rRNA is a spliced-leader-independent species.

Recent studies have shown that transcription occurs discontinuously for many genes in Trypanosoma brucei. To further investigate details of transcription in trypanosomes, the genes for the 5S ribosomal RNA from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei were cloned. Sequence analysis and Southern blotting showed the genes to be arranged in highly conserved tandem repeats of approx. 740 bp, which have no relation to the conserved 35-base spliced-leader repeat element. The genes contain internal control regions similar to 5S genes of other species, and studies of the 5S gene transcript show that it does not contain the conserved 35-base spliced-leader found at the 5' end of other trypanosome transcripts. Moreover, the 5S rRNA can be capped by guanylyltransferase from vaccinia virus, indicating that it has a 5' di- or triphosphate terminus. These results strongly suggest that the spliced-leader does not take part in the transcription of the 5S gene and that discontinuous transcription may be limited to particular classes of transcripts determined, as in other species, by the type of RNA polymerase used in their transcription. The DNA sequences of the 5S gene repeat from T.b. brucei and T.b. rhodesiense are presented, and their evolutionary significance is discussed.
I Feel Like I Know You: Sharing Negative Attitudes of Others Promotes Feelings of Familiarity

Holding similar negative—versus positive—attitudes toward a third party has been shown to predict increased closeness to a stranger. Here, the authors examined whether this effect is mediated by the heightened feelings of familiarity engendered by shared negative attitudes. In Study 1, participants who shared with a (bogus) stranger a negative attitude of a professor subsequently reported knowing more about the stranger than those who shared a positive attitude, but only when they did not feel strongly about the attitude. In Study 2, a familiarity manipulation produced high levels of closeness among participants who believed they had a lot of information about a stranger. Among those who believed they knew little about the stranger, closeness was facilitated by sharing a weakly held, negative attitude of a professor. Discussion considers the relevance of these findings to the interpersonal attraction literature.
Perioperative management of acquired von willebrand disease in cardiac surgery: Type 2B or not 2B?

l f n v PATIENTS WITH COAGULATION DISORDERS present special challenges for the surgical treatment of valvular disease. The potential need for postoperative anticoagulation may conflict with proper management of pre-existing clotting deficiencies. A patient whose complicated history of coagulopathy required specific perioperative management considerations for valve replacement surgery is described.
Association Between Pulse Pressure and C-Reactive Protein Among Apparently Healthy US Adults

Elevated pulse pressure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is increasingly being seen as an inflammatory disease. Thus, the mechanism underlying the link between elevated pulse pressure and cardiovascular disease risk may be inflammation. However, investigators have not examined the relationship between pulse pressure and C-reactive protein, an inflammation marker that has been closely linked to cardiovascular risk. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between pulse pressure and C-reactive protein among 9867 healthy persons 17 years of age or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The association between pulse pressure and the odds of having an elevated C-reactive protein level (≥0.66 mg/dL) was assessed by logistic regression. In a model that adjusted for systolic blood pressure, demographic factors, cholesterol, measures of obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and antihypertensive medication use, a 10 mm Hg increase in pulse pressure was associated with a 15% increase in the odds of having an elevated C-reactive protein level (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.31; P =0.04). When the same model was re-run adjusting for diastolic blood pressure instead of systolic blood pressure, a 10 mm Hg rise in pulse pressure was associated with a significant 12% increase in the odds of having an elevated C-reactive protein level. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were unrelated to C-reactive protein once pulse pressure had been accounted for. Our results suggest that increases in pulse pressure are associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels among apparently healthy US adults, independent of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Involuntary medication, trial competence, and clinical dilemmas: Implications of Sell v. United States for psychological practice.

The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision in Sell v. United States (2003) raises a number of challenging issues for mental health professionals regarding the involuntary medication of individuals who are incompetent to stand trial. The authors examine the Sell decision, other relevant legal decisions, and research findings on coercion and procedural justice, and discuss the implications for mental health professionals involved in the treatment and assessment (both clinical and forensic) of defendants who may be affected by Sell. The authors conclude by proposing recommendations for mental health professionals working with defendants in Sell contexts.
New Evidence On The Affordable Care Act: Coverage Impacts Of Early Medicaid Expansions

The Affordable Care Act expands Medicaid in 2014 to millions of low-income adults in states that choose to participate in the expansion. Since 2010 California, Connecticut, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C., have taken advantage of the law’s option to expand coverage earlier to a portion of low-income childless adults. We present new data on these expansions. Using administrative records, we documented that the ramp-up of enrollment was gradual and linear over time in California, Connecticut, and D.C. Enrollment continued to increase steadily for nearly three years in the two states with the earliest expansions. Using survey data on the two earliest expansions, we found strong evidence of increased Medicaid coverage in Connecticut (4.9 percentage points; p < 0.001 ) and positive but weaker evidence of increased coverage in D.C. (3.7 percentage points; p = 0.08 ). Medicaid enrollment rates were highest among people with health-related limitations. We found evidence of some crowd-out of private coverage in Co...
Accelerating aging research: How can we measure the rate of biologic aging?

Claims of accelerated or premature aging are frequently made. However, the lack of standard criteria for measuring speed of aging makes such claims highly questionable. Because of fundamental gaps in our current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging, the development of specific phenotypes that are due to aging is difficult and such phenotypes can only be derived by observational data. However, a clinical phenotype of aging exists that is experienced by all living individuals and is pervasive across multiple physiologic systems. Characterizing this phenotype can serve as a basis for measuring the speed of aging, and can facilitate a better understanding of the aging process and its interaction with chronic diseases.
Correction of fanconi anemia Type C phenotypic abnormalities using a clinically suitable retroviral vector infection protocol

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex autosomal recessive disease with hematologic manifestations characterized by a progressive hypoplastic anemia, hypersensitivity to clastogenic agents, and an increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia. The cDNA that corrects one of four FA complementation subtypes, named Fanconi anemia Type C (FAC) has recently been identified. We constructed a simplified recombinant retrovirus (vMFGFAC) encoding only the FAC cDNA, and tested its ability to correct the FAC defect in a lymphocytic cell line and primary mobilized blood progenitor cells. In addition, the gene transfer efficiency using a clinically applicable gene transfer protocol into normal primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells, high proliferating potential colony forming cells (HPP-CFC), derived from CD34+ purified cord blood cells was examined. The gene transfer efficiency was significantly enhanced when cells were transduced with supernatant while adherent to a 30/35 KD fragment of fibronectin, FN30/35, and was similar to efficiency obtained by coculture with retrovirus packaging cells. Transduction of an FAC deficient lymphoid cell line with vMFGFAC supernatant resulted in an enhanced cell viability, and G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood cells from an FAC-deficient patient transduced with the vMFGFAC virus demonstrated enhanced progenitor cell colony formation. These data indicate that the vMFGFAC virus allows functional complementation of FAC in lymphoblasts and primary hematopoietic progenitors, and that primitive cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can be transduced at an efficiency comparable to protocols using cocultivation if adherent to FN 30/35 fragment.
Democracy and War: Choice, Learning and Security Communities

The growing literature on the relationship between democracy and war has focused on two questions-Whether democracies are more pacific than other types of government, and why democracies do not seem to go to war against each other. In the spirit of Lakatosian cumulativeness - looking for explanations with excess empirical content - this commentary supports one explanation of the 'why democracies do not fight democracies' question. The model supported is an expected utility formulation by Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman based on the logical relationships between states which are 'doves' and 'non-doves'. The same explanation for democracy-to-democracy peace provided by the Bueno de Mesquita-Lalman analytics, based on the ability to 'separate' states into doves and non-doves, can be used to explain the linkages between integration and the Deutschian concept of 'security community'.
Design and implementation of low-power wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring represents a major application domain for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of low-power wireless sensor networks for long-term, autonomous, and near-real-time environmental monitoring applications. We have developed a suite of networking protocols to provide reliable data collection with extremely low power consumption. A network of 35 sensor nodes has been deployed in a remote field station to monitor soil moisture along with other environmental parameters. The system has been integrated into the Texas Environmental Observatory infrastructure for long-term operation. Some field performance results are also presented to demonstrate the reliability and energy-efficiency of the network.
Developmental Hip Disorders

Hip pain in adults is commonly the result of residual deformity from pediatric hip disease, including developmental hip dysplasia, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), and Legg–Calve–Perthes (LCP) disease. This chapter will review the epidemiology, proximal femoral and acetabular deformity, and the natural history of each of these common disorders.
AVP: a highly efficient real-time protocol for multimedia communications on Internet

A new transport protocol called Audio-Video Protocol (AVP) for highly efficient multimedia communications on the Internet is presented in this paper. While providing similar real-time delivery functions of RTP/RTCP AVP adopts a novel audio-based synchronization scheme. This synchronization scheme has two advantages. One is that there is no need to include a timestamp in each transmitted packet so that the AVP header is small for highly efficient transmission. The other is that AVP can achieve lower end-to-end message delay by putting multiple audio frames or mixed audio-video frames in the same AVP packet to reduce the packet rate. Furthermore, AVP provides different QoS by assigning different priority numbers to the packers. Simulation results are presented to show the good performance of AVP in real-time video-audio delivery.
Pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis: A pharmacologic study

Abstract The motor function of the antrum was studied in 7 normal subjects, 4 patients with diabetes without GI symptoms, and 7 patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Both the number of antral contractions and the cumulative antral activity (percent of time during which the antrum contracted) in patients with diabetic gastroparesis were significantly lower than in normal subjects and diabetic patients without gastroparesis (P
Cation-Anion Balance during Potassium and Sodium Absorption by Barley Roots

Steady-state rates of potassium ion and sodium ion absorption by excised barley roots accompanied by various anions were compared with the rates of anion absorption and the concomitant H+ and base release by the roots. The cation absorption rates were found to be independent of the identities, concentrations, and rates of absorption of the anions of the external solution, including bicarbonate. Absorption of the anion of the salt plus bicarbonate could not account for the cation absorption. H+ is released during cation absorption and base during anion absorption. The magnitude by which one or the other predominates depends on the relative rates of anion and cation absorption under various conditions of pH, cation and anion concentration, and inhibitor concentrations. The conclusion is that potassium and sodium ions are absorbed independently of the anions of the absorption solution in exchange for H+, while anions are exchanged for a base. The H+ release reflects a specificity between K+ and Na+ absorption such that it appears to be H+ exchanged in the specific rate-limiting reactions of the cation absorption.
Fiscal Competition: An Introduction

The papers in this special issue contribute to a rapidly growing literature that departs from traditional public economics by emphasizing that governments (including subnational governments, but also, increasingly, national governments) operate in an environment where labor and capital flow across jurisdictional boundaries. These open–economy considerations raise a host of issues for the analysis of public policy, ranging from practical problems of business taxation in a multi–jurisdictional setting to fundamental conceptual questions about the organizaton of the public sector and the evolution of the institutional structure of governance. The papers in this special issue advance many facets of this broad research program.
A thermo fluid dynamic model of wood particle gasification and combustion processes

In order to qualitatively understand and evaluate the thermo- fluid dynamic situation within a wood gasification reactor, a 1D particle model has been created. The presented tool accounts for the highly in- stationary, kineticand thermo chemical effects, leading to partial gasification and combustion of a wood particle embedded within a packed bed collective. It considers the fluid- dynamic situation within the changing porous bulk structure of the packed bed, its impact on species- and heat transition mechanisms, the energy- and mass balances of wood, coal, pyrolysisgas, wood- gas and off- gas phases, the thermodynamics of locally developing gasification- and combustion reaction equilibria, as well as the presence of the chemical species hydrogen, water, carbon (di-) oxide, methane, oxygen, solid carbon and gaseous, longer chain hydrocarbons from pyrolysis. Model results can be shown to yield very good, qualitative agreement with measurements, found in literature.
Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy in infants following cardiac surgery

Objectives: To present our experience with the Angiojet thrombectomy system for percutaneous thrombectomy in infants following cardiac surgery. Background: Arterial and venous thrombosis after pediatric cardiac surgery is life threatening, particularly in infants. The best method for treating these patients has not been determined. Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy (Possis Medical, Minneapolis, MN) is a percutaneous method of thrombus removal with proven safety and efficacy in adults. Methods: We reviewed the medical records and angiograms of all procedures in which Angiojet thrombectomy was used in infants following cardiac surgery at our institution during the years 2005 through 2007. Results: Ten procedures were performed in eight infants. The procedure was performed a mean of 23 days from surgery. The mean age was 74 days with a mean weight of 4.3 kg. All patients had life or limb threatening thrombosis. Indications for thrombectomy included severe cyanosis, chronic pleural effusions secondary to extensive venous thrombosis, and acute iliac artery thrombosis. Thrombus was evacuated from pulmonary arteries in four patients, systemic veins in two patients, a surgical aorto-pulmonary shunt in two patients, and an iliac artery in one patient. Balloon angioplasty following thrombectomy was performed in eight procedures (80%), and stents were placed in addition to angioplasty in two procedures. All patients had significant improvement in flow across the affected area. There was one major complication and three minor complications with no procedural-related deaths. Survival to discharge from the hospital was 62.5%. Conclusion: Angiojet thrombectomy is an effective treatment for life-threatening postoperative thrombosis in infants following cardiac surgery. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.