cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactionary modernism: Technology, culture, and politics in Weimar and the Third Reich

(1988). Reactionary modernism: Technology, culture, and politics in Weimar and the Third Reich. History of European Ideas: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 87-88.
Attenuation of neostriatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA abundance by chronic treatment with the kainate/quisqualate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione in the rat brain

The present investigation assessed the effect of chronic blockade of kainate/quisqualate binding sites with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) on preproenkephalin (PPE) and preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA abundance in the neostriatum of the rat brain. Daily injection of CNQX for seven consecutive days decreased PPE mRNA abundance approximately 25% below vehicle-injected controls in dorsolateral, dorsomedial, anterior caudate-putamen (dlCPu, dmCPu and aCPu, respectively) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Similarly, PPT mRNA abundance was significantly decreased in dlCPu, dmCPu and aCPu but not in the accumbens. The data demonstrate that non-NMDA receptor activity modulates basal levels of expression of PPE and PPT mRNAs in the neostriatum of the rat brain.
Disengagement versus engagement - a need for greater expectations.

An attempt is made to clarify some existing perspectives of successful aging. The environmental milieu of the aged is laden with potent and pervasive implications about successful adaptation. Considerable exploration is required to facilitate a realistic focus upon various theoretical contributions already presented. The influence of stresses and adaptive energy depletions preceding the senescent state is discussed in an effort to facilitate knowledgeable assimilation of the potential impact of the socioeconomic milieu upon the aged. It is the author's contention that the elderly person, upon retirement, presents an adaptive energy reserve highly personalized in its ability to accommodate to change, and especially dependent upon the nature, number and intensity of environmental stressors to adapt, successfully or unsuccessfully, to senescence. Various environmental stressors are identified (e.g., changes in social opportunities and expectations which create new needs and constrict the realm of emotional and vocational influence, thus reducing opportunities and diminishing self-esteem). Heavy emphasis is placed upon role theory, interaction ritual, and transactional analysis. These concepts are extended to the institutional setting–an environment which serves only to magnify mechanisms occurring diffusely throughout the social system while adding its own unique dimension to the stressors confronting the elderly.
Cyclooxygenase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. The incidence of HCC is rising worldwide, especially in the United States. The overall survival of patients with HCC is grim and currently no efficient secondary prevention or systemic treatments are available. Recent evidence suggests that COX-2 signaling is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis and COX-2 inhibitors prevent HCC cell growth in vitro and in animal models. However, given the recently reported side effect associated with some of the COX-2 inhibitors, it is imperative to develop chemotherapeutic strategy that simultaneously targets COX-2 and other related key molecules in hepatocarcinogenesis or to utilize agents inhibiting COX-2 signaling in conjunction with other standard chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Such combinational therapeutic approaches are expected to provide synergistic anti-tumor effect with lesser side effect. In this regard, the recently delineated interplay between COX-2-derived PG signaling and other growth-regulatory pathways such as EGFR, Met, iNOS, VEGF and n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is expected to provide important therapeutic implications. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms for COX-2-derived PG signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis and focuses on the newly unveiled interactions between PG cascade and other key signaling pathways that coordinately regulate HCC growth. Understanding these mechanisms and interplays will facilitate the development of more effective chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies.
Neuristor-A Novel Device and System Concept

Certain basic problems in integration and extreme miniaturization of electronic systems may require new forms of device structure. A device structure that shows promise is hypothesized in this paper. The device is not discrete; it is rather a distributed "line," with active and passive processes so distributed that a signal propagates along the line without attenuation, much as a burning zone moves along a fuse or an ionic discharge along a nerve axon. It is shown that lines of this type can be interconnected in certain direct ways so that complete logic capability can be achieved with networks of such lines alone. Techniques of logical synthesis of these networks are introduced. Certain special properties of systems built in this fashion are delineated, especially properties that appear to be significant for the synthesis of highly-miniaturized systems. There is some discussion of physical realizability of distributed electronic structures.
Economics of software vulnerability disclosure

Information security breaches frequently exploit software flaws or vulnerabilities, causing significant economic losses. Considerable debate exists about how to disclose such vulnerabilities. A coherent theoretical framework helps identify the key data elements needed to develop a sensible way of handling vulnerability disclosure
Education in Forest Hydrology in the United States

The first survey of formal instruction in forest hydrology, forest watershed management, and forest influences was made in 1953 by Dils [1954]. This survey was updated in April 1956 and published as part of the Society of American Foresters, Division of Watershed Management committee report on the training of men in forest hydrology and watershed management [ Wilm et al., 1957]. It appeared again in 1960 in a report by Dils on the status of educational programs in watershed management [ Dils, 1960]. As of 1960 Dils reported that 18 of the 28 accredited forestry schools and 2 of the non-accredited forestry schools offered one or more professional courses dealing with watershed management under a variety of titles, including water resource management, watershed analysis, forest influences, and forest hydrology.
Design Characteristics in International News Coverage: A Comparison between the U.S and Brazil

This study fills a gap in the analysis of international news coverage by comparing the design elements of international news stories in both the American and Brazilian media, identifying any common or discerning trends. Best selling newspapers in both countries were examined, and a content analysis performed to compare their layout, using a number of different variables. Results show that American publications seemed to give a higher salience to international stories compared to Brazilian publications when it comes to their design.
Linfoma de Hodgkin con depleción linfocítica e infiltración difusa de médula ósea

We present the case of a 38 year-old male, farmer, born in Lamas, San Martin (Peruvian jungle), who for the past 8 months suffered of diarrhea, intermittent fever, abdominal pain, weight loss and severe anemia. On admission the patient was lucid and exhibited malaise, pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy (size less than 0.5 cm) hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal displaceable dullness. Abdominal computed tomography showed hepatosplenomegaly and retroperitoneal, mesenteric and other adenopathies. Node biopsy revealed Reed-Sternberg cells, mononuclear cells, eosinophiles and scarce lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical node staining was positive for CD15 and CD30 antibodies. Bone biopsy showed diffuse fibrosis, mononuclear cells and scarcity of lymphocytes. In situ hybridization for EBV Epstein Barr virus was positive in neoplastic cells.
Composition of Heads and Livers of Yelloweye Rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) Harvested in Alaska

Due to their large size and fillet quality, yelloweye rockfish (YER) are a highly prized species in both commercial and recreational Alaska fisheries. Processing yields for YER are relatively low, thus by-product volume is significant at up to 77% of whole fish weight (WFW). The objective of this research was to characterize yields and determine proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) and amino acid profiles, lipid classes, cholesterol content, and mineral composition of YER heads and livers. Heads of YER were the major byproduct constituting 42% of WFW. YER livers made up only 2% of WFW. Livers contained high levels of lipids (28.5%) but were of small size, while lipid content of heads was 7.5%. Recovered oils were of high quality being predominantly triacylglycerols. Oils were similar in many aspects to oils from other demersal cold water marine finfish and were rich in omega-3 and omega-9 FA, and low in omega-6 FA. Protein content in heads and livers were 16% and 11.5%, respectively. Amino acid analysis revealed that the liver protein was of high quality. Mineral profile of livers was similar to values obtained from liver tissue from other cold water marine species. Overall, results indicated that YER by-products can be utilized for the production of good quality specialty ingredients that can be used as food and feed components.
Compact Power Formats Meet Changing Conditions

Growing competition in the telecom market is exercising a downward pressure on prices for all types of network services. A high degree of cost consciousness in all network operation sectors is therefore essential. Our basic concern in the field of telecom energy (power supply, heating, ventilation and cooling) is the creation of a complete energy system designed to serve the telecom process. Rapidly changing market conditions call for energy systems capable of greater functionality and availability, faster delivery and commissioning, and better manageability, quality and service. The Telecom Energy Division of Telia AB (f. Swedish Telecom) recently completed a project entitled Compact Power Formats Meet Changing Conditions. The project task - to find answers to the issues outlined above - entailed the evaluation of a number of different power system concepts based on recent technological developments in power conversion and telecommunications. The concept which in our view best met the requirements of adaptability to rapidly changing conditions has now been described in detail, complete with purchasing specifications. The project has defined the compact power format as the concept most appropriate to our needs. Its key property is flexibility, a crucial factor in the face of changing market conditions. An exhaustive exploration of a number of critical aspects revealed major advantages for the compact power format. This paper presents an account of some of the more significant results arrived at by the project.
Does Electoral Competition Exacerbate Interethnic or Interpartisan Economic Discrimination? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Market Price Bargaining

Does political competition exacerbate economic discrimination between citizens on ethnic or partisan cleavages? Individuals often discriminate on group lines in ordinary economic activities, especially in low-income settings. Political competition, and thus mobilization of partisan and ethnic groups, waxes and wanes over the electoral cycle. This study therefore investigates discrimination over the electoral cycle in a commonplace yet consequential economic activity: market price bargaining. By conducting field experiments on taxi fare bargaining at three points in time around Ghana’s 2008 election, the research reveals that drivers accept lower prices from coethnics regardless of temporal proximity to the election. However, only at election time, drivers accept lower prices from copartisans and demand higher prices from noncopartisans. In sum, political competition affects commonplace economic transactions between citizens on the partisan cleavage. This study is the first to show evidence of interpartisan discrimination in everyday behavior and expands our knowledge of electoral cycle effects.
Aerosols, Aerodynamics, and Atomic Analysis

The suppression of atomic excitation in a microwave-induced plasma due to the presence of sodium has been studied for three different nebulization systems. Evaluation of the factors affecting this effect has shown that its occurrence depends on the nature of the analytical aerosol introduced and the aerodynamic features of the sample nebulization system. The results indicate that the sodium suppression effects observed can be largely accounted for by reductions in the analyte transport efficiency due to changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the aerosol resulting from variations in the salt content of the nebulized solutions. It is further shown that these effects may be generally predicted on the basis of fluid mechanical principles and that these may be used to design systems to eliminate the interferences. The study under-scores the essentiality of considering aerodynamic factors in formulating mechanistic explanations for interference effects in flames and plasmas.
Glacial trees from the La Brea tar pits show physiological constraints of low CO2

Summary •While studies of modern plants indicate negative responses to low [CO2] that occurred during the last glacial period, studies with glacial plant material that incorporate evolutionary responses are rare. In this study, physiological responses to changing [CO2] were compared between glacial (La Brea tar pits) and modern Juniperus trees from southern California. •Carbon isotopes were measured on annual rings of glacial and modern Juniperus. The intercellular : atmospheric [CO2] ratio (ci/ca) and intercellular [CO2] (ci) were then calculated on an annual basis and compared through geologic time. •Juniperus showed constant mean ci/ca between the last glacial period and modern times, spanning 50 000 yr. Interannual variation in physiology was greatly dampened during the last glacial period relative to the present, indicating constraints of low [CO2] that reduced responses to other climatic factors. Furthermore, glacial Juniperus exhibited low ci that rarely occurs in modern trees, further suggesting limiting [CO2] in glacial plants. •This study provides some of the first direct evidence that glacial plants remained near their lower carbon limit until the beginning of the glacial–interglacial transition. Our results also suggest that environmental factors that dominate carbon-uptake physiology vary across geologic time, resulting in major alterations in physiological response patterns through time.
EFFECT OF PUNISHMENT OF AUTOKINETIC MOVEMENT ON THRESHOLDS OF APPARENT MOVEMENT

Study of effects of reward and punishmenc on perception has a long history. One of the earlier studies involved the investigation of monetary rewards on the perception of ambiguous figures (Schafer & Murphy, 1943). Some later studies supported the original findings of Schafer and Murphy, ac least in part (Smith & Hockberg, 1954; Sommer, 1957) while at least one other clearly did not (Rock 8: Fleck, 1950). As Epscein (1967) has suggested, the resulcs of the many studies have been inconclusive, especially with regard to the effects of punishmenc. A situation which seems to lend itself rather well to che study of the effects of punishment on perception are the various forms of illusory movement, such as autokinetic movement, the Phi phenomena, the waterfall and spiral effects. More specifically, in an exploratory study (Borresen, 1972) some daca suggested that punishing the report of a particular direction of movement in the autokinetic phenomena tended to raise the upper threshold of the Phi phenomena selectively. Thus, if S was punished for reporting autokinecic movement to the right (but not for up, down or left) chere was a tendency for some Ss to have a higher upper limit threshold for Phi co the lefc (and sometimes up and down also). While the tendency was not strong or characteristic of all Ss, ic was nevertheless present. The phenomena seemed interesting enough to isolace from the other compounding factors of the original study. Hence this study is concerned with the question, does the punishing of illusory movement in a given direction affect the perception and/or reporting of illusory movement in the other directions, particularly the opposite direccion?
Reducing the impact of intra-core process variability with criticality-based resource allocation and prefetching

We develop architectural techniques for mitigating the impact of process variability. Our techniques hide the performance effects of slow components-including registers, functional units, and L1I and L1D cache frames-without slowing the clock frequency or pessimistically assuming that all components are slow. Using ideas previously developed for other purposes-criticality-based allocation of resources, prefetching, and prefetch buffering-we allow design engineers to aggressively set the clock frequency without worrying about the subset of components that cannot meet this frequency. Our techniques outperform speed binning, because clock frequency benefits outweigh slight losses in IPC.
Impact of professional development on teacher practice: Uncovering connections

Abstract An Inquiry Learning Partnership (ILP) for professional development (PD) was formed between a university, science centre, and two urban school districts to offer 4–6th grade teachers specific science content and pedagogical techniques intended to integrate inquiry-based instruction in elementary classrooms. From pre/post content exams, PD surveys, focus group, and assessment data, teachers increased their science content knowledge, reported implementing inquiry practices in their classrooms and their students experienced modest gains on 5th grade standardized science achievement exams. While some teachers were transferring knowledge/skills gained in professional development to their classrooms, others encountered barriers to implementing PD. These obstacles included limited resources, time constraints, mandated curriculum pacing, language learning, and classroom management issues. Strategies to mitigate these barriers in order to maximize the impact of professional development need to be a priority in professional development reform.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF a‐AMYLASE HYDROLYSATES FROM UNMODIFIED AND CHEMICALLY‐MODIFIED WAXY MAIZE STARCHES

LOW concentrations of porcine pancreatic or-amylase were utilized to partially hydrolyze dimethylsulfoxide-solubilized unmodified and modified waxy maize starches. Hydrolysis products were evaluated by viscometry and gel permeation chromatography methods. There was a pronounced drop in viscosity at low degrees of hydrolysis (< 1%) even though there was little change in the elution profile from Sepharose 4B. Hydroxypropyl starches were more resistant to or-amylase attack than the unmodified starch resulting in lower hydrolysis values and higher viscosities. Phosphate crosslinked starches with the same degree of hydrolysis as the unmodified starch had higher viscosities.
Influence of shape on the optical properties of hematite aerosol

Mineral dust particles are the second highest emitted aerosol type by mass. Due to changes in particle size, composition, and shape that are caused by physical processes and reactive chemistry, optical properties vary during transport, contributing uncertainty in the calculation of radiative forcing. Hematite is the major absorbing species of mineral dust. In this study, we analyzed the extinction cross sections of nigrosin and hematite particles using cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectroscopy (CRD-AES) and have measured particle shape and size distributions using transmission electron microscopy. Nigrosin was also used in this study as a spherical standard for absorbing particles. The size-selected nigrosin particles have a narrow size distribution, with extinction cross sections that are described by Mie theory. In contrast, the size distribution of size-selected hematite particles is more polydisperse. The extinction cross sections were modeled using Mie theory and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The DDA was used to model more complex shapes that account for the surface roughness and particle geometry. Of the four models used, Mie theory was the simplest to implement, but had significant error with a 26.1% difference from the CRD-AES results. By increasing the complexity of the models using the DDA, we determined that spheroids had a 14.7% difference, roughened spheres a 12.8% difference, and roughened spheroids a 11.2% difference from the experimental results. Using additional parameters that account for particle shape is necessary to model the optical properties of hematite particles and leads to improved extinction cross sections for modeling aerosol optical properties.
Single-frequency laser oscillator with watts-level output power at 1.5 microm by use of a twisted-mode technique.

We report an all-fiber laser oscillator producing as much as 1.9 W of single-frequency direct output at 1.5??m. Spatial gain hole burning in the active fiber has been eliminated by use of a twisted-mode cavity approach. The two short pieces of a polarization-maintaining fiber that were spliced to the ends of the active fiber served as ultracompact quarter-wave plates. To our knowledge, the use of such a wave plate to manipulate the polarization state of light inside a fiber laser cavity is reported here for the first time. The laser output is linearly polarized and delivered through a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail. We believe that the output power of our laser is the highest among all single-frequency fiber laser oscillators reported to date.
The altitude of Neptune cloud features from high-spatial-resolution near-infrared spectra

We report on observations of Neptune from the 10-meter W.M. Keck II Telescope on June 17–18 (UT) 2000 and August 2–3 (UT) 2002 using the adaptive optics (AO) system to obtain a spatial resolution of 0.06 arcseconds. With this spatial resolution we can obtain spectra of individual bright features on the disk of Neptune in a filter centered near 2 microns. The use of a gas-only, simple reflecting layer radiative transfer model allows us to estimate the best fit altitudes of 18 bright features seen on these 4 nights and to set a constraint on the fraction of hydrogen in ortho/para equilibrium. On these nights there were three main types of features observed: northern hemisphere features in the range from +30 to −45 degrees; southern hemisphere features in the range from −30 to −50 degrees; and small southern features at −70 degrees. We find that the altitudes of the northern features are in the range from 0.023–0.064 bar, which places them in Neptune’s stratosphere. Southern features at −30 to −50 degrees are mainly at altitudes from 0.10 to 0.14 bars. The small features at −70 degrees are somewhat deeper in the upper troposphere, at 0.17 and 0.27 bars. This pattern of features located at higher altitudes in the northern hemisphere and lower altitudes in the south has also been noted by previous observers. The best fits for all the observed spectra give a value of 1.0 for the fraction of hydrogen in ortho/para equilibrium; the value of the helium fraction is less well constrained by the data at 0.24. We suggest that the southern mid-latitude features are methane haze circulated up from below, while the −70 ◦ features may be isolated areas of upwelling in a general area of subsidence. Northern bright features may be due to subsidence of stratospheric haze material rather than upwelling and condensation of methane gas. We suggest that convection efficiently transports methane ice clouds to the tropopause in the Southern mid latitudes and thus plays a key role in the stratospheric haze production cycle. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Dual global flow

A combinatorial logic optimization is described. The optimization is (in some sense) a dual of earlier global flow optimizations. The optimization leaves the function carried by each signal in the circuit unchanged and thus avoids expensive recomputation of don't care information. The results of experiments performed to evaluate this optimization are also described. >
Synthesis of Tropine-Labeled Atropine III: Synthesis of N-Methyl-14C-Tropine and N-Methyl-14C-Atropine

Using a previously described modification of the Robinson condensation, N -methyl- 14 C-tropine, specific gravity 1 mc./mmole, was synthesized from methylamine- 14 C-HCl in 65 percent of theoretical yield. Subsequent esterification with unlabeled tropic acid gave N -methyl- 14 C-atropine, specific activity 1 mc./mmole, in 45 percent of theoretical yield, based on methylamine. Synthesis of these compounds validates previous studies and firmly establishes a general pathway for labeling the carbon skeleton of tropine with radioactive carbon.
Vegetation Change in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands: Deviation from the Historical Cycle

Water-level change is integral to the structure and function of Great Lakes coastal wetlands, and many studies document predictable relationships between vegetation and water level. However, anthropogenic stressors, such as invasive species, land-use change, and water-level stabilization, interact to shift the historical cycle (of native vegetation migration up- and down-slope) toward dominance by invasive Typha species. Knowing from earlier studies that water-level stabilization alters the historical vegetation cycle, we asked if similar shifts can occur where water levels are not stabilized. Using historical aerial photographs of three coastal wetlands (in Lake Michigan's Green Bay, Wisconsin), we determined that habitat dominated by Typha species has expanded to eliminate wet meadow habitat. Between 1974 and 1992, linear regressions showed strong, significant relationships of both meadow area (R2 ≥ 0.894; p < 0.02) and marsh area (R2 ≥ 0.784; p < 0.05) to water level in all three wetlands. In 2000, meadow area was below that predicted by the historical pattern due to the landward advance of marsh habitat during a year of decreasing water levels. In the same period, land use in the wetland watersheds converted from agriculture to urban. Urbanization and the replacement of native Typha latifolia by the invasive hybrid Typha xglauca may have overwhelmed the beneficial impact of water-level fluctuation. The documentation of vegetation shifts, as herein, is an essential step in the process of preserving and restoring ecological integrity.
Biomass Ash in Concrete-Mitigation of Alkali Silica Reactions (ASRs) — Expansions with Different Opal Percentages

ASTM (American Standard Testing and Materials) C 618 prohibits use of biomass ash in concrete. This paper systematically investigates mitigation of Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) expansion of concrete by three biomass ashes (cement: biomass ash = 65: 35 by weight), and the ASR expansion is triggered by high alkali cement and opal (1-9% weight of quartz replacement). The three biomass ashes come from switchgrass or sawdust cofired with Powder River Basin coal and they cut the ASR expansion significantly below 50% of the control level; however, all three biomass ashes doubled the available alkali of the cement they replaced. Therefore, the exclusion of biomass ash in concrete by ASTM C 618 seems impropriate and more quality research on its role in mitigating ASRs expansion should be conducted.
Permanent Loss of Preoperative Independence in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy: Key Factor in the Informed Consent Process

Major (>3 segments of the liver) or minor hepatectomy has been demonstrated to provide the most definitive chance for long-term remission and disease-free survival in hepatic malignancies. However, concerns remain in regards to the ability of the elderly (>70 years old) and older (>80 years old) patients to “tolerate” this type of resection. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the short- and long-term effects of hepatectomies in the elderly patient population. An Institutional Review Board approved a prospectively maintained, single-institution HPB database with 663 consecutive hepatectomies from 2003 to 2013 was reviewed. Patients were separated into elderly (>70 years old) and older. Short-term effects were defined as a 30-day morbidity/mortality, and long-term effects were defined as a 90-day morbidity/mortality and the ability to regain preoperative functional independence. Comorbidities were compared using the Charleston Comorbidity Index (CCI). The log-rank and Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate postoperative outcomes. A total of 663 patients were reviewed, 480 5, major hepatectomy, and >75 years of age (HR 3.8, CI 2.1–5.6) This study demonstrates an increased rate of a 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality in >75-year old patients. Permanent loss of preoperative function (i.e., ability to live independently or alone) remains a significant risk and a subset of older patients. Communicating this loss of function as well as morbidity/mortality is key to the informed consent process for older patients as well as their families.
Comparative perspective on antemortem tooth loss in Neandertals

Neandertal specimens with severe antemortem (before death) tooth loss (AMTL) are sometimes interpreted as evidence for human-like behaviors in Neandertals, such as conspecific care or cooking, although it is uncertain whether AMTL frequencies in Neandertals are similar to those in modern humans and exceed those in non-human primates. This study characterizes AMTL (all tooth types) in Neandertals relative to recent human hunter-gatherers and several non-human primate taxa using binomial-normal regression models fit in a Bayesian framework to a sample of 25 Neandertals, 310 recent human hunter-gatherers, 61 chimpanzees, 38 orangutans, and 75 baboons. The probability that a tooth is lost antemortem is modeled to depend on tooth class, taxon, and estimated age at death. Neandertals have odds of AMTL above orangutans and baboons, similar to or somewhat lower than chimpanzees, and below recent humans, if we assume a human-like rate of senescence; or intermediate between chimpanzees and recent humans, if we assume a faster rate of senescence. These findings suggest that Neandertals can only be considered to have frequencies of AMTL above non-human primates if they had more rapid life histories than modern humans. Either Neandertals are not human-like in their life history or their frequency of AMTL. These interpretations are complicated, however, by the substantial inter-population variation in AMTL among recent humans, with some populations having odds of AMTL as low as in non-human primates. These results, together with theoretical considerations, suggest that only high frequencies of AMTL are diagnostic of behavior. Consequently, the behavioral implications of low frequencies of AMTL, such as those found in Neandertals, are ambiguous. Low frequencies in Neandertals could be because they had a low risk of AMTL rather than because they had high mortality from AMTL relative to an average modern human of similar age.
Observation of high-n Rydberg series (7<n<40) of the H3 molecule.

Four series of Rydberg states converging to vibrationally excited ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$ have been excited from long-lived levels of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ in a fast (1.5 keV) molecular beam and have been observed to autoionize to ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$+e. A fifth Rydberg series converging to ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$ in its ground vibrational state has been detected through field ionization. A first analysis of the ionization potentials, quantum defects, and the nature of the long-lived species of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ is presented.
Fast Switching Water Processable Electrochromic Polymers

This paper describes the synthesis of two new blue to transmissive donor–acceptor electrochromic polymers: a polymer synthesized using an alternating copolymerization route (ECP-Blue-A) and a polymer synthesized using a random copolymerization (ECP-Blue-R) by Stille polymerization. These polymers utilize side chains with four ester groups per donor moiety, allowing organic solubility in the ester form, and water solubility upon saponification to their carboxylate salt form. We demonstrate that the saponified polymer salts of ECP-Blue-A and ECP-Blue-R (WS-ECP-Blue-A and WS-ECP-Blue-R) can be processed from aqueous solutions into thin films by spray-casting. Upon the subsequent neutralization of the thin films, the resulting polymer acid films are solvent resistant and can be electrochemically switched between their colored state and a transmissive state in a KNO3/water electrolyte solution. The polymer acids, WS-ECP-Blue-A-acid and WS-ECP-Blue-R-acid, show electrochromic contrast Δ%T of 38% at 655 nm and 3...
Limits of 3D dipole localization and orientation estimation with application to single-molecule imaging

A two channel polarization sensitive microscope provides higher Fisher information content than conventional single channel designs, enabling a better estimation of the location and orientation of dipole emitters such as static single molecules.
110. Induction of leukocyte adhesion mediators in the neurovascular unit after repeated social defeat

Repeated social defeat (RSD) is a model of psychosocial stress that activates several neuroendocrine pathways resulting in significant physiological, immunological, and behavioral changes. For instance, RSD promotes microglia activation, anxiety-like behavior, and macrophage trafficking to the brain. Although RSD promotes myeloid cell trafficking to brain-specific regions associated with threat and appraisal (i.e., prefrontal cortex, amygdala), the process by which this occurs is unknown. Because microglia and neuronal activation following RSD is region-specific, we hypothesize that adhesion molecule expression on the neurovascular unit facilitates the recruitment of myeloid cells to the brain with stress. Here we show that RSD caused an exposure- and brain region-dependent increase in mRNA of ICAM1 and VCAM1, two key cell adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte trafficking, especially in brain regions associated with fear and anxiety responses. IHC analysis from WT and BM-chimera mice confirmed increases in ICAM1 and VCAM1 protein in the brain after RSD. Next, the mRNA expression of several chemokines, selectins, and MMPs were determined in specific brain areas and revealed robust differences in distinct selectins and chemokines in stressed mice. For example, CXCR2 and its ligands CXCL1 and CXCL2 showed an exposure- and brain-region dependent induction after RSD. Collectively, these data indicate that key adhesion mediators are increased in the brain vasculature following RSD and that the pattern of chemokine expression may underlie the mechanism of macrophage trafficking.
Optimization Algorithm for Robotic Belt Surface Grinding Process

There are two prominent advantages for the robotic belt grinding system,flexible contact and machining with wide bandwidth.It is widely used to improve the surface quality and machining efficiency while finishing the works pieces with complex features.With complex contacts between the contact wheel and the work piece,the grinding paths for robot can be obtain by the theory of contact kinematics and the belt grinding technologies,but there lacks research on robotic grinding path planning.During the grinding process,it is the most important to conform the contact wheel to the local geometrical features on the contact area,so the curvature turns to be the most crucial factors to plan the grinding tool paths.For the local surfaces with small curvature,the arc length between the neighboring cutting locations becomes longer to ensure processing efficiency.Otherwise,for the local areas with large curvature,the arc length becomes shorter to decrease the chord error.A serial of planes are created to intersect with the target surface to be ground,and the corresponding intersecting lines are obtained.For each intersecting line,if the curvature at the cutter locations becomes larger than a quarter of the diameter of the contact wheel,a middle cutter location will be inserted to the tool path.The arc length between the neighboring cutting points is shortened under the constraint of the local curvature.The feasibility of this algorithm is completely approved by the off-line virtual simulation.The comparative belt grinding experiments between the algorithm and the classic tool path planning method,are designed,and the machining quality of the workpiece is increased by the algorithm.
On management of qualification of providers for common consumables

Objective: To inspect the qualification of providers for common medical consumables on the basis of the familiarity of Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Drugs and Regulations on Supervision and Management to Medical instruments to better help facilities of disease control and prevention to procure the eligible consumables.Methods: According to guideline of qualification management of medical consumable goods provider required by the related law and regulation,we categorize and summarize the type of medical consumable goods,compare the required qualification documents among the different type of medical consumable goods,and evaluate the quality of provider regularly.To improve the efficiency of provider qualification management,it is important to save the archives and implement the electronization of management.Results and Conclusion: It is necessary to enhance the management of provider qualification,inspect the qualification documents of providers strictly,which in turn to promote the scientization and normalization of procurement of medical consumable goods among facilities of disease control and prevention and guarantee the quality of medical consumables and implementation of scientific research and prevention successfully.
Effect of multi-antioxidant nutrient capsule on anti-oxidation in natural aging rats

Objective:To explore the effect of multi-antioxidant nutrient capsule on anti-oxidation in natural aging rats.Methods:According to their serum MDA content,40 aging male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including negative control,dose one to three groups.Multi-antioxidant nutrient capsule contents were orally administered continuously at the dose of 147,73,37 mg/kg BW respectively for 60 days,and negative control group was given equal volume of corn germ oil.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and Lipofuscin(LIP)were determined.Results:Multi-antioxidant nutrient capsule could significantly reduce the content of MDA in serum and liver tissue homogenate,and reduce the content of lipofuscin in liver tissue homogenate.It significantly increased the SOD activity and the GSH-Px activity in brain tissue homogenate and serum.It had no adverse effects in rats body weight.Conclusion:It is suggested that Multi-antioxidant nutrient capsule might have stronger anti-oxidative effect.
Haloperidol Causes Irreversible Damage to Rat Anterior Pituitary Lactotropes in Culture

Haloperidol, in concentrations in excess of 10(-5)M promotes the release of prolactin from rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. Histologic evidence revealed that 10(-4)M concentrations cause an irreversible cytotoxic effect that resulted in a loss of cell membrane integrity and a massive release of intracellular prolactin into the surrounding medium. Paradoxically, at 10(-5)M, haloperidol significantly inhibited prolactin release and promoted an accumulation of intracellular secretory granules. Lower concentrations had no significant effect. Although it is nominally classified as a dopamine receptor blocker and can (in lower concentrations) inhibit dopamine's suppression of prolactin release, haloperidol in higher concentration enhances prolactin release by a cytotoxic mechanism unrelated to dopamine receptor interaction.
Untersuchungen über die prä- und posthepatischen Plasmahistaminkonzentrationen und ihre möglichen pathophysiologischen Auswirkungen bei Lebercirrhose

Systemvenose Plasmahistaminkonzentrationen wurden bei 16 Probanden mit laborchemisch und morphologisch unauffalliger Leber, bei 10 Patienten mit Fettleber (Stadium I–II) sowie bei 22 Cirrhosekranken, darunter 7 Tragern einer portocavalen Anastomose vorgenommen. Daruber hinaus bei 11 Normalpersonen und bei 8 Cirrhosekranken mit/ohne porto-cavalem Shunt wurde der Plasmahistamingehalt prahepatisch im Pfortader- und im Leberarterienblut sowie posthepatisch im Lebervenenblut vorgenommen, anschliesend wurde der von der Leber eliminierte Histaminanteil rechnerisch ermittelt. Etwa zwei Drittel (67,8±11,4%;n=11) des portal einstromenden Histamins wird beim Menschen von der Leber, vor allem durch Aufnahme und Umsatz, aus dem durchstromenden Plasma eliminiert. Eine cirrhotische Leber ist nur in reduziertem Umfang fahig, Histamin aus dem durchstromenden Plasma zu eliminieren (41,0±15,1%;n=8). Der Plasmahistamingehalt im Systemkreislauf bei Cirrhosekranken (1,2±0,3 ng/ml;n=22) liegt gegenuber Normalpersonen (0,7±0,2 ng/ml;n=16) signifikant hoher (p<0,001). Die dabei zu erwartenden pathophysiologischen Auswirkungen des erhohten Plasmahistamingehaltes bei der veranderten Hamodynamik bei Lebercirrhose (die sog. hyperdynamische Zirkulation) werden diskutiert. Daruber hinaus wird auf die mogliche pathogenetische Bedeutung des erhohten Plasmahistamins bei gehauftem Vorkommen des „hepatogen“ induzierten gastroduodenalen Ulkus bei Lebercirrhose und bei porto-cavalen Shunt-Tragern hingewiesen.
Physiologic Changes in Sleep with Aging

There are marked changes in the sleep state architecture in the first year of life with a marked reduction in REM sleep and the acquisition of K-complexes, sleep spindles, and slow-wave sleep. During adolescence, there is a 40% reduction in slow-wave sleep and a delay in the circadian phase. In the elderly, sleep becomes more fragmented and slow-wave sleep diminishes further. With aging, airway collapsibility increases resulting in obstructive apnea and oxygen desaturation.
Breaking Digital Barriers: A Social-Cognitive Approach to Improving Digital Literacy in Older Adults

The ability to navigate the ever-changing world of digital technology is a new form of literacy, one that presents a considerable challenge to older adults. Digital literacy has quickly evolved from an option to a necessity, and the rapid pace of technological change makes it insufficient to simply teach older adults to use a single technology. Rather, they must develop flexible skills and technological self-efficacy in order to maintain their hard-earned digital literacy. For four years, our research group has led a digital literacy program to address older adults’ questions about digital tools and applications. Through our work, we have identified numerous socio-technical barriers that older adults encounter as they adopt new technology and explore the digital world. Here, we review these barriers, discuss the Social Cognitive Theory that informs our tutoring approach, and describe our ongoing work to formalize the training program and develop technology to support older adults online.
Competing for Capital Revisited

Over the course of the 1980s, Japanese and US automakers built six new assembly plants in the United States, each receiving subsidies from the state and local governments that were chosen as the winners of very public auctions. The cost per job rose steadily from $11,000 for Nissan in 1980 to $50,588 per job for Subaru and Isuzu in 1986 (Milward and Newman, 1990, pp. 34–7). This pattern spread to developing countries in the 1990s, with three auto assembly facilities receiving from $54,000 to $340,000 per job in Brazil, and a Ford factory in India from $200,000 to $420,000 per job, depending on the discount rate used in the calculation (Oman, 2000, p. 80). By contrast, in Europe, while assembly plants in the poorest areas of the EU received similarly large amounts in the 1990s (Oman, 2000, p. 80), in 2006 Hyundai received only about $70,000 per job for a $1.1 billion facility in the Czech Republic (Czech News Agency, 2006; EU, 2007a), a much poorer jurisdiction than Alabama, which in 2002 gave Hyundai about $117,000 per job on a present value basis comparable to EU calculations.1
Religion and Cognition

Cognitive studies have offered an explanation of religion. Important contributions to this discussion have been made by Pascal Boyer and Harvey Whitehouse. Boyer argues that religious ideas are minimally counterintuitive and therefore easily adopted. The argument depends on what constitutes intuition and on the assumption that there are standard cross-cultural cognitive processes, and that beliefs are the main focus of discussion. Embodiment theory, by contrast, would focus on practices and rituals. Whitehouse has argued for a combination of cognitive and social modes of explanation. Whitehouse developed a robust ideal-type dichotomy, postulating doctrinal versus imagistic modes of religiosity. While his concept here comprises a dichotomous frame, Whitehouse recognizes that the frame is broken in practice by the coexistence of these modes within a given system.
Effect of Noncollimated Radiation on Surface Activity Methods for the Determination of Diffusion Coefficients in Solids

The contributions of radiations arriving at a diffusion specimen surface, including angles other than 90°, have been evaluated for a number of counting geometries. Modifications are proposed for the Steigman, Shockley, and Nix equation for the surface activity method, the Gruzin equation for the residual activity method, and the Gatos and Kurtz equation for autoradiography on an oblique section through the diffusion zone. The theoretical equations for absorption of a divergent beam from a plane source as detected at a point counter have been shown to agree with experimental results for extended counters under not very restricted conditions. MnKα radiation from Fe55 was used to obtain a monochromatic source of X-rays.
Survey of potential-induced degradation in thin-film modules

CdTe and CIGS type modules were tested for potential-­‐induced degradation with positive and negative 1,000 V bias applied to the active cell circuit in an 85°C, 85% relative humidity environmental chamber. Both CdTe module types tested exhibited degradation under negative bias. I-­‐V curve data indicated the first module type was affected sequentially by shunting followed by a recovery and then by series resistance losses; the second was affected by recombination losses. The first type showed transparent conductive oxide delamination from the glass after about 750 h of stress testing in the environmental chamber and exhibited power degradation within five weeks in field tests with -­‐1,000 V system voltage. Performance of CIGS modules differed depending on the technology generation. Under negative bias, the older module design showed an initial 12% (relative) improvement, possibly because of the influx of sodium ions that has been reported to benefit the electrical properties, followed by severe degradation with continued stress testing. The newer design CIGS module exhibited the best stability of the four thin-­‐film module types tested with a total loss of 9.5 % (relative) power drop after 3,100 h of test with negative voltage bias, but not clearly by system voltage stress effects considering similar behavior by a sister module in-­‐chamber in open-­‐circuit condition. Relative rates of current leakage-­‐to-­‐ground between chamber tests and modules placed outdoors under system voltage stress are compared to extrapolate anticipated coulombs transferred for given extents of degradation of the module power. This analysis correctly placed which module type failed in the field first, but overestimated the time to failure. The performance of modules at 85°C with dark current Imp applied through the cell circuit are discussed with respect to stand-­‐alone fielded modules biased to near their maximum power point with load resistors.