cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dissociation in infants' memory for stimulus size: evidence for the early development of multiple memory systems.

Adults' memory performance on recognition (explicit memory) tests is sensitive to stimulus size, but their performance on priming (implicit memory) tests is not. This memory dissociation is taken as evidence for two, functionally distinct memory systems. Young infants, however, are thought to possess only a single representational system that supports implicit memory; the system that supports explicit memory is thought not to mature before 8-9 months of age. In two experiments with 54 infants, we asked if 3-month-olds exhibit a memory dissociation for stimulus size on recognition and priming tests. All infants learned to move a mobile displaying +s of a given size. In Experiment 1, infants recognized +s in the original size but not 33% smaller or larger. In Experiment 2, +s were effective memory primes in a reactivation task, irrespective of size. The finding that young infants exhibit a memory dissociation for stimulus size adds to growing evidence that two memory systems are functional from early in development.
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) of Mycobacterium smegmatis plays a limited role in resisting oxidative stress

Pathogenic mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis resists phagocyte generated reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and this constitutes an important virulence mechanism. We have previously reported, using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model to identify the bacterial components that resist intracellular ROI, that an antioxidant methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) plays a critical role in this process. In this study, we report the role of methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) in resistance to ROI by constructing a msrB mutant (MSDeltamsrB) and MsrA/B double mutant (MSDeltamsrA/B) strains of M. smegmatis and testing their survival in unactivated and interferon gamma activated mouse macrophages. WhilemsrB mutant exhibited significantly lower intracellular survival than its wild type counterpart, the survival rate seemed to be much higher than msrA mutant (MSDeltamsrA) strain. Further, the msrB mutant showed no sensitivity to oxidants in vitro. The msrA/B double mutant (MSDeltamsrA/B), on the other hand, exhibited a phenotype similar to that of msrA mutant in terms of both intracellular survival and sensitivity to oxidants. We conclude, therefore, that MsrB of M. smegmatis plays only a limited role in resisting intracellular and in vitro ROI.
Performance optimization of internet firewalls

Internet firewalls control the data traffic in and out of an enterprise network by checking network packets against a set of rules that embodies an organization's security policy. Because rule checking is computationally more expensive than routing-table look-up, it could become a potential bottleneck for scaling up the performance of IP routers, which typically implement firewall functions in software. in this paper, we analyzed the performance problems associated with firewalls, particularly packet filters, propose a good connection cache to amortize the costly security check over the packets in a connection, and report the preliminary performance results of a trace-driven simulation that show the average packet check time can be reduced by a factor of 2.5 at the least.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Brain network analysis: a data mining perspective

Following the recent advances in neuroimaging technology, the research on brain network analysis becomes an emerging area in data mining community. Brain network data pose many unique challenges for data mining research. For example, in brain networks, the nodes (i.e., the brain regions) and edges (i.e., relationships between brain regions) are usually not given, but should be derived from the neuroimaging data. The network structure can be very noisy and uncertain. Therefore, innovative methods are required for brain network analysis. Many research efforts have been devoted to this area. They have achieved great success in various applications, such as brain network extraction, graph mining, neuroimaging data analysis. In this paper, we review some recent data mining methods which are used in the literature for mining brain network data.
Progress in the use of biochemical and biological markers for evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder which is predominant in females. The exact etiology remains undefined. Recently, a large number of biochemical and biologic markers, which are useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring therapy of RA, have been reported. The new markers include genetic markers, filaggrin, citrulline containing peptides, A2/RA33, cytokines, joint and collagen breakdown products, and bone turnover markers. No laboratory tests in and of themselves are diagnostic of RA. The new markers have been employed in monitoring RA patients during treatment and following the course of the disease. With the development of innovative therapies for RA, many of the biochemical and biologic markers will be useful.
Recent stability comparisons with the JPL linear trapped ion frequency standards

The /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ research frequency standards LITS-1 and LITS-2 were developed to provide continuous, reliable, high stability performance. For simplicity, a /sup 202/Hg lamp is used for state selection and a helium buffer gas for ion cooling. In a preliminary 9 day comparison between the trapped ion standards, the Allan deviation was /spl sigma//sub y/(/spl tau/)=1/spl times/10/sup -13///spl tau//sup 1/2/ and a fractional frequency stability of 6/spl times/10/sup -16/ measured for averaging times greater than 10/sup 5/ seconds. A 40 day comparison of LITS-2 against an auto-tuned H-maser referenced to UTC-NIST puts an upper limit on long term drift of LITS-2 of 1.2(1.4)/spl times/10/sup -16//day. >
The Representation and use of Potential Energy Surfaces in the Wide Vicinity of a Reaction Path for Dynamics Calculations on Polyatomic Reactions

We consider three aspects of potential energy surface representations for dynamics calculations on polyatomic systems, with special emphasis on generalized transition state theory and tunneling calculations, (i) We present methods for calculating the vibrational energies of generalized transition states from either a cartesian or internal coordinate force field and including the effect of raode-mode coup!.ings on the rate constant by perturbation theory and the Pitzer-Gwinn approximation, (ii) We discuss practical aspects in the use of ab initio gradient-based electronic structure calculations for the calculation of cartesian force fields for a set of stationary points on the potential energy surface or for a sequence of generalized transition states. (iii) We discuss recent progress on the development of global analytic representations for potential energy surfaces of polyatomic reactions. Such global representations can be used to generate either cartesian or internal-coordinate force fields for generalized transition states, and they can also be used to compute the potential energy surface far from the minimum energy path as may be required for tunneling calculations in some cases.
Energy efficiency in a delay constrained wireless network

This paper investigates the energy efficiency in a wireless channel with delay requirement. We address the energy efficiency transmission by considering both transmission power and circuit power consumptions based on the effective capacity approach. Effective capacity has been widely used to incorporate QoS requirements in the wireless communication and is an effective approach to modeling the physical layer wireless fading channel with the link layer parameters. We first derive the quasi-convex generalized form of energy efficiency formulation based on effective capacity under delay constraints. The general expression can be applied to various fading scenarios. We further develop a two-step binary search algorithm to find the best energy efficiency and the corresponding optimal transmission signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The numerical results show that both the circuit power and queuing delay requirement have a big impact on the overall wireless channel energy efficiency.
Characterization of the N-Linked Glycan of Recombinantly-Expressed Corticotropin Releasing Factor Binding Protein

The N-linked glycan present on corticotropin releasing factor binding protein (CRFBP) recombinantly expressed in CHO cells has been characterized using a variety of techniques including sequential hydrolysis with specific exoglycosidases monitored with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS). Determining the intact glycan mass and comparing possible glycan compositions with entries in the Complex Carbohydrate Database facilitated the choice of enzymes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to confirm the structure of the glycan. Using this approach, complementary information could be obtained through specific glycosidase reactions monitored with MS and MS n fragmentation of the intact or enzymatically-modified glycopeptides. No evidence was found for the presence of sites of O-linked glycosylation. In addition, to understand better the role of the glycan on CRFBP, we characterized the in vitro binding affinity of a mutant non-glycosylated [Gln 180 ] CRFBP and an enzymati
Bound magnetostatic waves controlled by field gradients in YIG single crystals and epitaxial films

By appropriately designing internal magnetic field profiles within thin crystals or films of yttrium iron garnet, one should be able to create apparent "surfaces" or "tracks" of magnetic discontinuity. Magnetostatic waves bound or guided by such gradients would follow appropriate propagation paths with controlled energy velocity. If the mode amplitudes are small at the edges and corners of the sample, surface scattering is largely prevented. Consequently, the Q of the resonance should be governed primarily by the intrinsic linewidth of the bulk crystal together with normal circuit loading considerations. We here develop a general theory applicable to the two-dimensional magnetostatic modes of a single domain thin ferrite circular disk when the dc magnetic field is normal to the plane of the disk and varies radially. We then restrict the treatment to normalized z-directed magnetic fields of the form H z (r)/M = A+Br2nwhere A and B are constants, n is a positive integer and M is the saturation magnetization of the ferrite (assumed uniform). For simplicity, magnetic anisotropy and exchange effects are ignored; dissipation is treated by means of perturbation theory. We find solid theoretical justification for the "track" concept and enumerate frequencies and mode patterns for both gradient-modified boundary modes and gradient-dominated "virtual surface" waves. The important effects from rf fringing fields at the edge of the disk are also considered.
Intermittent explosive disorder: development of integrated research criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

Abstract This study was designed to develop a revised diagnostic criteria set for intermittent explosive disorder (IED) for consideration for inclusion in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-V ). This revised criteria set was developed by integrating previous research criteria with elements from the current DSM-IV set of diagnostic criteria. Evidence supporting the reliability and validity of IED-IR (“IED Integrated Criteria”) in a new and well-characterized group of subjects with personality disorder is presented. Clinical, phenomenologic, and diagnostic data from 201 individuals with personality disorder were reviewed. All IED diagnoses were assigned using a best-estimate process (eg, kappa for IED-IR >0.85). In addition, subjects meeting IED-IR criteria had higher scores on dimensional measures of aggression and had lower global functioning scores than non–IED-IR subjects, even when related variables were controlled. The IED-IR criteria were more sensitive than the DSM-IV criteria only in identifying subjects with significant impulsive-aggressive behavior by a factor of 16. We conclude that the IED-IR criteria can be reliably applied and have sufficient validity to warrant consideration as DSM-V criteria for IED.
Learning methods to combine linguistic indicators: improving aspectual classification and revealing linguistic insights

Aspectual classification maps verbs to a small set of primitive categories in order to reason about time. This classification is necessary for interpreting temporal modifiers and assessing temporal relationships, and is therefore a required component for many natural language applications.A verb's aspectual category can be predicted by co-occurrence frequencies between the verb and certain linguistic modifiers. These frequency measures, called linguistic indicators, are chosen by linguistic insights. However, linguistic indicators used in isolation are predictively incomplete, and are therefore insufficient when used individually.In this article, we compare three supervised machine learning methods for combining multiple linguistic indicators for aspectual classification: decision trees, genetic programming, and logistic regression. A set of 14 indicators are combined for classification according to two aspectual distinctions. This approach improves the classification performance for both distinctions, as evaluated over unrestricted sets of verbs occurring across two corpora. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the linguistic indicators and provides a much-needed full-scale method for automatic aspectual classification. Moreover, the models resulting from learning reveal several linguistic insights that are relevant to aspectual classification. We also compare supervised learning methods with an unsupervised method for this task.
The Marginal Utility of Information: Its Effects upon Decision-Making*

This paper specifies how the importance or marginal utility of information can change as a function of both its amount and evaluation. Three simple mathematical models are presented: each describes...
Mesozoic California and the Underflow of Pacific Mantle

The Mesozoic evolution of California is interpreted as dominated by the underflow of oceanic mantle beneath the continental margin. Underflow during part of Late Cretaceous time of more than 2000 km of the eastern Pacific plate seems required by the marine magnetic data. Correspondingly, varied oceanic environments—abyssal hill, island arc, trench, oceanic crust, and upper mantle, perhaps also continental rise and abyssal plain—appear to be represented in the eugeosynclinal terranes of California. The rock juxtapositions accord with the concept that these materials were scraped off against the continent as the oceanic plate slid beneath it along Mesozoic Benioff seismic zones, which are now seen as serpentine belts separating profoundly different rock assemblages. The chaotic Franciscan Formation of coastal California consists of deep-ocean Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous sedimentary, volcanic, crustal, and mantle materials. As open-ocean abyssal oozes and the oceanic crust beneath them were swept into the Benioff-zone trench at the continental margin, they were covered by terrigenous clastic sediments, and the entire complex was carried beneath the correlative continental-shelf and continental-slope deposits (Great Valley sequence) and the older Mesozoic complexes. The other eugeosynclinal terranes of California can be interpreted, albeit with less confidence, in similar terms of underflow of Pacific mantle. In the Klamath Mountains and northern Sierra Nevada, for example, Ordovician and Silurian ocean-floor materials, overlain by or juxtaposed against an Upper Silurian to Permian island arc, were swept in first to the continent, along with a large fragment of oceanic crust and mantle and another fragment of an old orogenic belt. This debris was followed by Permian and Triassic ocean-floor deposits. Late Triassic and Jurassic volcanic products from stocks and batholiths forming in the welded complexes lapped across both landward and oceanward sides of the region. Reversal of Cenozoic extension, strike-slip faulting, and volcanic crustal growth in the western United States reveals a Cretaceous tectonic pattern strikingly like the modern pattern of the Andes, so the paleotectonic setting of North America can be inferred from the South American present. The Mesozoic batholiths of North America, like the late Cenozoic volcanic belt of the central Andes, are products of the same rapid motion of oceanic plates that carried oceanic sediments against the continent to form eugeosynclinal terranes. Magmas generated in the Benioff zones formed the batholiths and the volcanic fields which initially capped them.
R-(-)-N-alkyl-11-hydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl- and 10-methyl-aporphines as 5-HT1A receptor ligands.

Abstract Several N-substituted-11-hydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl- and 11-hydroxy-10-methylaporphines were synthesized and their binding affinities at dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in rat forebrain tissue were evaluated. Tested compounds displayed moderate to high affinity to 5-HT1A receptors but low affinity to D1 and D2 receptors. The most potent novel 5-HT1A agent was R-(−)-N-methyl-10-hydroxymethyl-11-hydroxyaporphine.
Hidden Conditional Random Fields for Gesture Recognition

We introduce a discriminative hidden-state approach for the recognition of human gestures. Gesture sequences often have a complex underlying structure, and models that can incorporate hidden structures have proven to be advantageous for recognition tasks. Most existing approaches to gesture recognition with hidden states employ a Hidden Markov Model or suitable variant (e.g., a factored or coupled state model) to model gesture streams; a significant limitation of these models is the requirement of conditional independence of observations. In addition, hidden states in a generative model are selected to maximize the likelihood of generating all the examples of a given gesture class, which is not necessarily optimal for discriminating the gesture class against other gestures. Previous discriminative approaches to gesture sequence recognition have shown promising results, but have not incorporated hidden states nor addressed the problem of predicting the label of an entire sequence. In this paper, we derive a discriminative sequence model with a hidden state structure, and demonstrate its utility both in a detection and in a multi-way classification formulation. We evaluate our method on the task of recognizing human arm and head gestures, and compare the performance of our method to both generative hidden state and discriminative fully-observable models.
Identification of Novel Bovine Cumulus Cell Molecular Markers Predictive of Oocyte Competence: Functional and Diagnostic Implications

The present study was undertaken to discover molecular markers in bovine cumulus cells predictive of oocyte competence and to elucidate their functional significance. Differences in RNA transcript abundance in cumulus cells harvested from oocytes of adult versus prepubertal animals (a model of poor oocyte quality) were identified by microarray analysis. Four genes of interest encoding for the lysosomal cysteine proteinases cathepsins B, S, K, and Z and displaying greater transcript abundance in cumulus cells surrounding oocytes harvested from prepubertal animals were chosen for further investigation. Greater mRNA abundance for such genes in cumulus cells of prepubertal oocytes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Elevated transcript abundance for cathepsins B, S, and Z also was observed in cumulus cells surrounding adult metaphase II oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage at a low percentage following parthenogenetic activation versus those that developed at a high percentage. Functional significance of cumulus cell cathepsin expression to oocyte competence was confirmed by treatment of cumulus-oocyte complexes during in vitro oocyte maturation with a cell-permeable cysteine proteinase (cathepsin) inhibitor. Inhibitor treatment decreased apoptotic nuclei in the cumulus layer and enhanced development of parthenogenetically activated and in vitro-fertilized adult oocytes to the blastocyst stage. Stimulatory effects of inhibitor treatment during meiotic maturation on subsequent embryonic development were not observed when oocytes were matured in the absence of cumulus cells. The present results support a functional role for cumulus cell cathepsins in compromised oocyte competence and suggest that cumulus cell cathepsin mRNA abundance may be predictive of oocyte quality.
Aflatoxin as a Possible Cause of Fatty Liver Syndrome in Laying Hens

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE fatty liver syndrome of laying hens is a disease of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry (Couch, 1956). The disease is characterized by a pale, friable liver with a lipid content about double that of normal birds and by a marked reduction of egg production. While this disease is thought to be related to the diet (Leveille and Bray, 1970), the inability to produce the syndrome experimentally has resulted in its specific cause remaining obscure and poorly defined (Bossard and Combs, 1970; and Leveille and Bray, 1970). Because young chickens with aflatoxicosis frequently have a pale, enlarged, and friable liver (Carnaghan et al., 1966; and Smith and Hamilton, 1970) with an increased lipid content the possibility that dietary aflatoxin can induce the fatty liver syndrome in laying hens was investigated. An experiment was designed to determine the effect of graded doses of dietary aflatoxin on egg production,…
The parapodial and segmental musculature of Harmothoë imbricata (L.).

The segmental anatomy of Harmothoe imbricata deviates from the plan of a typical errant polychaete only slightly. The body is partitioned into 37 nonmetameric segments and is covered by 15 pairs of elytra. The segmental musculature consists of paired dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles, pairs of dorso-ventral muscles, and in places the external surface of the worm is covered by a sheet of circularly coursing muscle fibers subjacent to the cuticle. The dorsal tubercles, elytrophores, cirratophores and ventral cirri are moved by muscles derived from segmental and intrinsic parapodial muscles. From the anatomy it is surmised that the lateral bending of the worm during swimming is due to cycles of activity involving the longitudinal muscles (S-waves). During a cycle of parapodial stepping, parapodial levators and promotors raise a parapodium from the substrate and direct it forward (the recovery stroke), at which time the muscles of the aciculum and setal sacs withdraw the neuropodial setae. During the power stroke parapodial depressors and remotors bring the tip of the parapodium against the substrate, applying a forward thrust and the neuropodial setae are extended. At the conclusion of the power stroke, the recovery stroke begins anew.
Rapid Release Revealed: Honoring the Synapse

This year, the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award will be shared by Richard Scheller and Thomas Sudhof for their elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter release. Their discoveries provided insight into the molecular basis of synaptic transmission and enhanced our understanding of how synaptic dysfunction may cause neuropsychiatric disorders.
Reflecting on the Cognitive–Social Debate in Second Language Acquisition

Firth and Wagner's (1997) call for a more socially and contextually situated view of second language acquisition (SLA) research has generated a great deal of discussion and debate, a summary of which is offered in this reflective commentary. Given the individualistic, cognitive origin of the SLA field, such controversy is entirely understandable. With different ontologies and epistemologies, the two views, individual/cognitive and social/contextual, have had little impact on each other. These days, a theoretical pluralism prevails. Eventually, their differences may, though it is not clear that they will, be settled empirically. Another possibility is for there to be a reframing of our understanding, and I offer chaos/complexity theory as one means for doing so. Indeed, the solution the SLA field has perennially adopted when there are conflicting views is to seek a larger frame, one that acknowledges the contributions of each perspective. More specifically, I expect that it will be the point where the two perspectives intersect that will prove to be the most productive for future understanding of SLA, and I believe that there is a new consensus around this point that is emerging.
Functional Assessment of Comorbid and Secondary Disorders: Identifying Conditions for Primary Treatment

Anxiety disorders often present for treatment with more than one additional diagnosis. Determining which diagnosis should be considered primary, and even when diagnoses are comorbid deciding which should be targeted first, is difficult to determine. This chapter discusses diagnoses that commonly co-occur with anxiety disorders, in adults and children. Functional assessment methods are described as a template for determining condition for treatment target.
Harmful effects of antioxidant therapy

Oxidative stress has an integral role in the pathophysiology of most human diseases. With a rapidly aging population, increased attention and study have been directed toward the use of antioxidant therapy. The appeal is that these agents are considered “natural” substances and are associated with a healthy diet. The hypothesis has been that decreasing oxidative stress may prevent disease processes such as cancer or coronary heart disease. Because much of the general population use is in relatively healthy patients, it is critically important that these supplements are free of toxicity and side effects. While initial studies of antioxidant supplementation suggested a beneficial role in disease prevention, more recent clinical trials and a meta-analysis have questioned the benefit of these therapies. Several studies have suggested that excess supplementation may in fact be harmful. Recent attention has also focused on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of male infertility. The focus of this chapter is the potentially harmful effects of antioxidant therapy.
Towards Global Internet Governance: How to End U.S. Control of ICANN Without Sacrificing Stability, Freedom or Accountability

For 16 years, ICANN has been a US government contractor rather than an independent, multi-stakeholder governance institution. This special status became increasingly controversial as many stakeholders felt that it was incongruous to allow one national government to have exclusive authority over aspects of Internet governance that are critical to all states and all peoples. The Snowden revelations re-ignited indignation over the privileged U.S. role leading to calls for the “globalization of the IANA functions.” In March 2014 the U.S. Commerce Department announced that it would be willing to end its oversight role and transfer control of the IANA functions to the “global multistakeholder community.” The problem of how to create a global governance regime that is neither intergovernmental nor a form of unilateral hegemony by one government is one of theoretical as well as practical interest. One of the key obstacles to altering the special U.S. position has been the absence of a viable alternative governance structure. Many observers have feared that without the tether to the U.S. government, ICANN would be unaccountable, and also possibly subject to manipulation by other states. This paper addresses a key issue in Internet governance by setting out a blueprint for the globalization of the IANA functions. It also provides a supporting analysis by articulating four principles that should guide the transition. The proposal was originally released in March 2014 as a submission to the “Netmundial” Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance in Sao Paulo, Brazil, April 23-24, 2014. In this longer paper, the proposal has been revised in response to feedback received both prior to and at the meeting. In essence, it proposes to: Structurally separate the IANA functions from ICANN’s policy process; create a new, independent “DNS Root Oversight Committee” (DROC) which would assume the contractual role currently retained by the NTIA. In addition to describing and justifying the proposal, the paper conducts a stakeholder analysis of the responses to the IANA transition in the global Internet governance community. It tracks how the economic and political interests of various stakeholder groups are reflected in their ideas for the governance of ICANN and IANA.
Seismic Design of Liquid-Storage Tanks

Cylindrical and rectangular flat-bottomed liquid storage tanks subjected to horizontal earthquake excitations are studied. Formulas and curves that can be used to obtain bending and overturning moments are presented. Certain combination of earthquake response spectra and tank geometries produce maximum forces and moments when the tank is only partially full. The use of design curves in establishing this situation is illustrated. For slender tanks, an assumption made in present design practice is shown to lead to nonconservative results. The elimination of this assumption is shown to produce simplified expressions for the moments in these cases. Simplified expressions are also presented for use in estimating the maximum free surface displacement.
ATP-MgCl2 treatment after trauma-hemorrhage/resuscitation increases hepatocyte P2-purinoceptor binding capacity

Although our studies indicate that P2-purinoceptor binding capacity decreases after hemorrhage and resuscitation, it is not known whether ATP-MgCl2 administration after hemorrhage has any beneficial effects on the receptor dynamics. To study this, we performed laparotomy (i.e., trauma induced) on rats and bled them to and maintained them at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of maximum bleedout volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate (RL). The animals were then resuscitated with 3 times the volume of maximum bleedout with RL over 45 min followed by 2 times RL along with ATP-MgCl2 (50 mumol/kg body wt) over 95 min. Hepatocytes were isolated at 4, 17, and 27 h after resuscitation. P2-purinoceptor binding characteristics were determined by using [alpha-35S]ATP. Scatchard analysis revealed high-affinity and low-affinity receptor components in the hepatocytes isolated from sham-operated or hemorrhaged animals with or without ATP-MgCl2 infusion. ATP-MgCl2 ameliorated and subsequently restored the decreased maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of the high-affinity receptor component and significantly improved Bmax of the low-affinity receptor component. ATP-MgCl2 administration also produced a progressive enhancement in the affinity of the low-affinity receptor component. Thus the beneficial effects of ATP-MgCl2 observed after trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation may be, in part, due to the restoration of P2-purinoceptor binding capacity and the enhancement of the receptor affinity.
Effect of periodic potential on exciton states in semiconductor carbon nanotubes

Abstract We develop a theoretical background to treat exciton states in semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the presence of a periodic potential induced by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagating along SWCNT. The formalism accounts for the electronic band splitting into the Floquet sub-bands induced by the Bragg scattering on the SAW potential. Optical transitions between the Floquet states and correlated electron–hole pairs (excitons) are numerically examined. Formation of new van Hove singularities within the edges of Floquet sub-bands and associated transfer of the exciton oscillator strengths resulting in the photoluminescence quenching are predicted. The simulations demonstrate the exciton energy red Stark shift and reduction in the exciton binding energy. Comparison of our results with reported theoretical and experimental studies is provided.
γ-ramsey and γ-ineffable cardinals

A number of related combinatorial properties of a cardinal κ contradicting AC are examined. Chief results include: (1) For many ordinals γ, к → (к)γ implies к к (к)<γ. (2) For many ordinals γ, if к к (к) γ α for all α<κ, then κ is γ-weakly ineffable. (3) For all infinite cardinals γ, к к (к)<γ implies κ is <γ-weakly ineffable.
Growth of Long-bones of Human Fetus as Illustrated by the Tibia.

The growth in length of the human tibia in the latter part of prenatal life has been studied quantitatively from observations, made chiefly by Corrado1 and by Tamassia,2 on a series of 152 fetuses. The data include the total body-length, the total length of the tibia, the length of the tibial diaphysis, and the combined lengths of the superior and inferior (cartilagenous) tibial epiphyses. Regression formulae have been computed for certain relationships between these values and are given, with other data, in Table I. Fig. 1 shows the distributions of these observations and their regressive lines.These formulae indicate that, in the period under consideration, the growth in length of the tibia and the lineal growth of its various parts are directly proportional to the growth in total or crown-heel length. The empirical formulae for the total length of the tibia and for the length of the tibial diaphysis, with respect to total body-length, are characterized by negative second constants, as are the various e...
DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF QUANTITATIVE CARDIAC PET EVALUATION OF CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of death in transplant (Tx) survivors, and effective noninvasive screening methods are urged. We investigated the utility of PET imaging for CAV detection and its association with outcomes We studied 100 Tx recipients (median age 62 years)
Effects of Light on Mating Success and Egg-Laying Activity of the Sugarcane Borer, Diatraea saccharalis

Continuous light, averaging 16 ft-c, suppressed mating and interfered with egg-laying of sugarcane borers, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). In evaluating mating success and egg-laying activity of different female: male ratios and egg-laying activity of lone unmated females subjected to both normal and continuous photoperiods; (1) spermatophore transfer appeared to be a primary oviposition stimulus, (2) presence of males stimulated oviposition, (3) normal photoperiods regulated and continuous photoperiods upset oviposition activity, (4) female age influenced egg production, and (5) there was evidence of interaction between presence and absence of males and light as related to oviposition activity.
Impact Comparison on Clinical Effect of Thrombus Aspiration Between Transradial Approach and Transfemoral Approach in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety on thrombus aspiration by transradial approach(TRA) compared with transfemoral approach(TFA) in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods: A total of 315 consecutive acute STEMI patients received thrombus aspiration in our hospital from January 2011 to March 2012 were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups, TRA group, n=218 and TFA group, n=97. The success rate of thrombus aspiration with the short term clinical effect including post stent coronary perfusion, myocardial perfusion and cardiac function were observed and compared between 2 groups.Results: Between TRA group and TFA group, the success rates of thrombus aspiration were as 95.4% vs 97.9%, P0.05, TIMI 3 flow as 95.87% vs 48.16% and Blush 3 flow as 96.91% vs 50.52%, while the differences were no statistic meaning, all P0.05. At 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure, LVDED for TRA group and TFA group was as(53.70±4.35) mm vs(52.91±4.82)mm, P=0.61 and LVEF as(0.48±0.15) vs(0.51±0.12), P=0.56.Conclusion: Our study suggests that TRA thrombus aspiration is feasible for treating the patients with acute STEMI, it has similar success rate and short term efficacy compared to TFA.
Effect Evaluation on Eating Education Among Students in Western Mountainous Rural Boarding Schools in Sichuan

Objective By eating education among students in western mountainous rural boarding schools in Sichuan,to enrich their health knowledge,help them to handle the related skills and develop healthy diet habits. Methods With cluster sampling method,all the students in 2- 8 grades from three rural boarding schools in the Changqiu mountainous area in Pujiang county,Sichuan participated the study. The participants were divided into three groups: one school as eating intervention model group,one as ordinary nutrition education group and the other as blank group. Results By one year intervention,in the school with eating education model,the awareness rate of nutrition and health increased. The proportion of "Knowing each level food in The Diet Pagoda for Chinese Residents"increased by 59. 1% than in the base- line investigation and was high-er than the contrast group. The percentage of students who would prefer sugared beverages in the school in eating education school dropped by 19. 0%; the proportion of students who would watch nutrition labeling before buying food and who would have breakfast everyday increased by 22. 8%, all statistically higher than in the contrast group. Conclusion The eating intervention shows a significant effect on attitude to nutrition andhealth,change of food favorites and related behaviors in the students; moreover,the intervention effects are better than ordinary nutrition group.
Research on Salmonella MFS efflux pump resistance related gene

Objective To investigate the distribution of 9 MFS efflux pump resistance genes and drug resistance of Salmonella.Methods 176 strains of Salmonella were collected from April 2012 to August 2014 in Wenzhou. 9 MFS efflux pump resistance genes( emr B3,emr B5,emr D1,emr D3,emr K,tet B,floR,yie O,yeb Q) were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing,database retrieval of these genes were carried out in NCBI,and MIC value of the strains were tested. Results 9 MFS efflux pump resistance genes can be detected in 176 strains of Salmonella. A total of 2-8 genes were detected in each single isolate. Drug sensitive test showed that 176 strains of Salmonella had high drug resistance to 17 kinds of antibiotics,except for completely sensitive to levofloxacin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,Imipenem. All strains had two or more antibiotics resistance. Conclusion The carrying rate of MFS efflux pump resistance genes was high,which may play an important role in inducing multiple drug resistance. Salmonella showed a trend of multiple drug resistance. It was necessary to strengthen surveillance and monitoring of Salmonella in raw poultry category,to prevent food poisoning and outbreaks by drug-resistant strains of Salmonella.
Flesh, Spirit, and the Indigenous Psychology of the Hodayot

The Hodayot are unlike both biblical psalmody and most of Second Temple prayer and psalmody in the degree to which the "I" who speaks describes and reflects on what one might call his "sense of self". This chapter attempts to uncover some of the conceptualizations of the self present in the Hodayot and to demonstrate how they differ from antecedent conceptualizations, even as they make use of older materials and motifs. The object of this type of inquiry is often referred to as "indigenous psychology". For the purposes of the present chapter, however, the psychologically interesting cases are those occasions on which God sends a רוח that overrides the subjective autonomy of a person. The chapter thus suggests that, in the Hodayot the spirit that characterizes the ordinary, unimproved person is quite negatively characterized: the spirit of error, the perverted spirit, the spirit of flesh. Keywords:flesh; Hodayot; indigenous psychology; spirit
T wave Alternans. A Marker of Vulnerability to Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias

Alternation of the configuration and/or duration of the repolarization wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) — usually referred to as T wave alternans, and occasionally as ST alternans, U wave, or TU wave alternans — is seen under diverse experimental and clinical conditions (1,2). Interest in repolarization alternans is attributed to the hypothesis that it may reflect underlying dispersion of repolarization in the ventricle, a well-recognized electrophysiolgic substrate for reentrant ventricular tachyarrhythmias (3–6). Although overt T wave alternans in the ECG are not common, in recent years digital signal-processing techniques capable of detecting subtle degrees of T wave alternans have suggested that the phenomonem may be more prevalent than recognized and could represent an important marker of vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias (7–9). This report provides a brief review of the experimental and clinical conditions associated with T wave alternans and the electrophysiologic basis that links the phenomenon to ventricular vulnerability. Preliminary observations on a recently developed noninvasive technique to detect subtle T wave alternans will also be discussed (10).
The Intersection of Medical Child Abuse and Medical Complexity

Children with medical complexity and victims of medical child abuse may have similar clinical presentations. Atypical or unexplained signs and symptoms due to rare diseases may lead providers to suspect medical child abuse when not present. Conversely, medical child abuse may be the cause of or coexist with medical complexity. Careful consideration of whether or not medical child abuse is present is essential when assessing a child with medical complexity since either diagnosis has significant consequences for children and families.
A willingness to go there: Nurses and spiritual care.

Aims and objectives To describe rural and urban palliative/hospice care nurses’ communication strategies while providing spiritual care for patients and families at end of life. Background Nurses aim to provide holistic care consisting of physical, psychological and spiritual components. However, it is well documented that spiritual care is largely missing from nursing care. Internationally, spiritual care is a growing topic of interest, yet many nurses feel unprepared to deliver spiritual care. Design This qualitative study used Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. Methods As part of a larger multimethod study, this study shares the narrative descriptions from 10 experienced palliative/hospice care nurses. Individual, face-to-face interviews were conducted and lasted 45–60 minutes. Each interview started with the same lead-in questions, was audio-recorded and was transcribed verbatim. The research team used an inductive analysis approach and met several times reviewing and analysing the detected themes until reaching consensus. Results The primary theme, sentience includes the capacity to act, a willingness to enter into the unknown and the ability to have deep meaningful conversations with patients regardless of the path it may yield. Subthemes include: (i) Willingness to Go There, (ii) Being in “A” Moment and (iii) Sagacious Insight. Conclusion Nurses are integral in the provision of spiritual care for patients/families across the lifespan and at end of life. Nurses must feel confident and competent before they are willing to enter uncomfortable spaces with patients/families. Nursing curriculum must include purposeful engagement and focused debriefing in spiritual assessment and care. Relevance to clinical practice There is a dire need to prepare undergraduate and graduate students to assess and support a patient's spiritual needs. Addressing spiritual care content as a clinical and educational priority will promote a patient-centred approach for spiritual care and can further shape nursing curricula, policies, guidelines and assessment tools.
Patient Navigation for Colonoscopy Completion: Results of an RCT.

Introduction Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. Although screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, screening rates among U.S. adults remain less than optimal, especially among disadvantaged populations. This study examined the efficacy of patient navigation to increase colonoscopy screening. Study design RCT. Setting/participants A total of 843 low-income adults, primarily Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks, aged 50–75 years referred for colonoscopy at Boston Medical Center were randomized into the intervention ( n =429) or control ( n =427) groups. Participants were enrolled between September 2012 and December 2014, with analysis following through 2015. Intervention Two bilingual lay navigators provided individualized education and support to reduce patient barriers and facilitate colonoscopy completion. The intervention was delivered largely by telephone. Main outcome measure Colonoscopy completion within 6 months of study enrollment. Results Colonoscopy completion was significantly higher for navigated patients (61.1%) than control group patients receiving usual care (53.2%, p =0.021). Based on regression analysis, the odds of completing a colonoscopy for navigated patients was one and a half times greater than for controls (95% CI=1.12, 2.03, p =0.007). There were no differences between navigated and control groups in regard to adequacy of bowel preparation (95.3% vs 97.3%, respectively). Conclusions Navigation significantly improved colonoscopy screening completion among a racially diverse, low-income population. Results contribute to mounting evidence demonstrating the efficacy of patient navigation in increasing colorectal cancer screening. Screening can be further enhanced when navigation is combined with other evidence-based practices implemented in healthcare systems and the community.
Unsteady high-lift mechanisms from heaving flat plate simulations

Abstract Flapping animal flight is often modeled as a combined pitching and heaving motion in order to investigate the unsteady flow structures and resulting forces that could augment the animal’s lift and propulsive capabilities. This work isolates the heaving motion of flapping flight in order to numerically investigate the flow physics at a Reynolds number of 40,000, a regime typical for large birds and bats and challenging to simulate due to the added complexity of laminar to turbulent transition in which boundary layer separation and reattachment are traditionally more difficult to predict. Periodic heaving of a thin flat plate at fixed angles of attacks of 1°, 5°, 9°, 13°, and 18° are simulated using a large-eddy simulation (LES). The heaving motion significantly increases the average lift compared with the steady flow, and also surpasses the quasi-steady predictions due to the formation of a leading edge vortex (LEV) that persists well into the static stall region. The progression of the high-lift mechanisms throughout the heaving cycle is presented over the range of angles of attack. Lift enhancement compared with the equivalent steady state flow was found to be up to 17% greater, and up to 24% greater than that predicted by a quasi-steady analysis. For the range of kinematics explored it is found that maximum lift enhancement occurs at an angle of attack of 13°, with a maximum lift coefficient of 2.1, a mean lift coefficient of 1.04.
1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine (TNAZ)

1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine (Molecular Formula: C3H4N4O6, TNAZ) has been assessed as a potential high energy replacement for TNT. Australian industrial plant is a melt-castable explosive that has been proposed as a potential replacement for TNT. The structure of the compound has been confirmed by IR, NMR, mass, elemental analysis and by X-ray crystallography. HPLC technique has been employed to confirm the purity of TNAZ (>99%). The compound is further characterized by thermal techniques and is found to undergo limited decomposition at its melting point. Small scale sensitivity tests have also been carried out and the results show that TNAZ is significantly more sensitive to mechanical stimuli than TNT.