cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Initially Stressed Hyperelastic Solids

Abstract : This report presents a linear, three-dimensional theory for the incremental motion of initially stressed, hyperelastic solids. The magnitude of the initial deformation and the form of the strain energy density function are both arbitrary except for the usual restrictions placed on them by the principles of mechanics and thermodynamics. A variational approach, using Hamilton's Principle, is used to derive the equations of motion and the proper natural boundary conditions for the incremental motion. This approach yields a variational principle which, because of its scalar form, can be used to derive the appropriate equations in any particular coordinate system. This variational principle also provides a framework for the systematic development of special, approximate theories, for the incremental motion of rods, beams, plates, shells, etc. In addition to the general theory, the report presents a resolution of the forced, incremental motion problem of hyperelastic solids of bounded extent. The investigation concludes with two applications: (a) The solid subjected to initial hydrostatic pressure, and (b) the theory of the initially stressed beam.
The electronic structure of poly(p-xylylene)

Abstract Ultraviolet photoemission spectra of poly( p -xylylene) films are measured and compared with those of gas-phase and thin-film p -xylene. Comparison of the spectra with CNDO/S3 molecular orbital calculations of the density of valence electron states reveals that photoinduced π-electron molecular-ion states in poly( p -xylylene) are localized on individual phenyl moieties.
Basic Concepts of Hemorheology in Microvascular Hemodynamics

Blood rheology, or hemorheology, involves the flow and deformation behavior of blood and its formed elements (ie, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets). The adequacy of blood flow to meet metabolic demands through large circulatory vessels depends highly on vascular control mechanisms. However, the extent to which rheologic properties of blood contribute to vascular flow resistance, particularly in the microcirculation, is becoming more appreciated. Current evidence suggests that microvascular blood flow is determined by local vessel resistance and hemorheologic factors such as blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and erythrocyte aggregation. Such knowledge will aid clinicians caring for patients with hemodynamic alterations.
Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB): a Web Resource for Soybean Translational Genomics

Background Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB) is a comprehensive all-inclusive web resource for soybean translational genomics. SoyKB is designed to handle the management and integration of soybean genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics data along with annotation of gene function and biological pathway. It contains information on four entities, namely genes, microRNAs, metabolites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
High-contrast coronagraph performance in the presence of focal plane mask defects

We have carried out a study of the performance of high-contrast coronagraphs in the presence of mask defects. We have considered the effects of opaque and dielectric particles of various dimensions, as well as systematic mask fabrication errors and the limitations of material properties in creating dark holes. We employ sequential deformable mirrors to compensate for phase and amplitude errors, and show the limitations of this approach in the presence of coronagraph image-mask defects.
Spin waves in quasiperiodic layered ferromagnets.

We consider a layered ferromagnetic superlattice with spins ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{a}}$ and ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{b}}$. The exchange energies are ${\mathit{J}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{J}}_{2}$ between layers, which are arranged in a quasiperiodic Fibonacci sequence, and J in each layer. When ${\mathit{J}}_{1}$=${\mathit{J}}_{2}$=J we use a rescaling approach to obtain an exact decimation transformation for local magnon of layers \ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\beta},(\ensuremath{\gamma}), and \ensuremath{\delta}(\ensuremath{\tau}) in the ferromagnets. Iteration of the transformation provides numerical results for the local density of states (LDOS) and the magnetization. We found that the bandwidths of the LDOS of layers are the functions of \ensuremath{\eta}=${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{b}}$/${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{a}}$.
A Public Choice Analysis of the Evolution of Tort Law

. Economic analysis has generally concluded that most loss shifting under current standards of personal injury liability is allocatively non-Pareto optimal. The economic and legal arguments that support this conclusion are reviewed and an explanation is offered of why our legal system has evolved over time into an inefficient institution. It is argued that state sponsored lotteries and current personal injury liability laws have enough In common to be similarly viewed as a system of income redistribution demanded by the citizenry and supplied by the public sector.
Description of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and evaluation of radionuclide transport at an underground nuclear test

Realistic models of contaminant transport in groundwater demand detailed characterization of the spatial distribution of subsurface hydraulic properties, while at the same time programmatic constraints may limit collection of pertinent hydraulic data. Fortunately, alternate forms of data can be used to improve characterization of spatial variability. We utilize a methodology that augments sparse hydraulic information (hard data) with more widely available hydrogeologic information to generate equiprobable maps of hydrogeologic properties that incorporate patterns of connected permeable zones. Geophysical and lithologic logs are used to identify hydrogeologic categories and to condition stochastic simulations using Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS). The resulting maps are populated with hydraulic conductivity values using field data and Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS). Maps of subsurface hydrogeologic heterogeneity are generated for the purpose of examining groundwater flow and transport processes at the Faultless underground nuclear test, Central Nevada Test Area (CNTA), through large-scale, three-dimensional numerical modeling. The maps provide the basis for simulation of groundwater flow, while transport of radionuclides from the nuclear cavity is modeled using particle tracking methods. Sensitivity analyses focus on model parameters that are most likely to reduce the long travel times observed in the base case. The methods employed in this study have improved our understanding of the spatial distribution of preferential flowpaths at this site and provided the critical foundation on which to build models of groundwater flow and transport. The results emphasize that the impacts of uncertainty in hydraulic and chemical parameters are dependent on the radioactive decay of specific species, with rapid decay magnifying the effects of parameters that change travel time.
Professionalism and Political Conflict: A Developmental Model

This essay is an introduction to a little studied aspect of a world-wide phenomenon, the political environment of the professions. In the absence of any model of political interactions between the environment and professions, a deductive developmental model is set out below, detailing the stages of conflict between the professionals and the non-profesionals, or ‘laity’, whom they serve. Its evidence is adduced from primarily the United States, but also from elsewhere in the English-speaking world; its application should be even wider. A concluding section briefly suggests explanatory propositions for this conflict. Throughout, the focus is not upon professionals as such, but upon (a) the potential for conflict which lies in the grant of autonomy given them by the society, and (b) the current crisis when the autonomy of even the most powerful profession is under challenge.
Life‐History Correlates of Enamel Microstructure in Cebidae (Platyrrhini, Primates)

Previous studies have examined tooth eruption as it relates intrinsically to body mass, brain mass, and other life history variables, and extrinsically to ecological factors (e.g., age at foraging independence, environmental risk aversion, and maternal investment). Different models have been explored wherein each of these variables impacts ontogeny. However, anthropoid and strepsirhine primates exhibit interesting differences in the relationships of these ecological and life history variables with tooth eruption. Moreover, interactions between ecological variables and dental tissue growth have only been explored in the lemurs. This study examines dental microstructure of the New World monkey family, Cebidae, to provide further insight into forces influencing the evolution of primate dental ontogeny. The Cebidae were chosen because they are a diverse group which is distinct in ecology and phylogeny from the better known catarrhines of the Old World. Using phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses (PGLS), we test whether brain mass, body mass, or the three above-mentioned ecological variables have stronger correlations with enamel growth. Results show that ecological factors have stronger relationships with cebid dental growth rates than brain or body mass. Foraging independence has the most impact on overall enamel growth as it has the strongest correlation with enamel extension rates. However, another estimate of enamel growth, rate of secretion, has the highest correlation with maternal investment. Our results suggest that an overarching ecological model encompassing the three current ecological hypotheses is needed to further understand the evolution of dental ontogeny within primates. Anat Rec, 294:2193– 2206, 2011. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Joint Regression Analysis for Genetic Association Studies with Outcome Stratified Samples

Summary Genetic association studies in practice often involve multiple traits resulting from a common disease mechanism, and samples for such studies are often stratified based on some trait outcomes. In such situations, statistical methods using only one of these traits may be inadequate and lead to under-powered tests for detecting genetic associations. We propose in this article an estimation and testing procedure for evaluating the shared-association of a genetic marker on the joint distribution of multiple traits of a common disease. Specifically, we assume that the disease mechanism involves both quantitative and qualitative traits, and our samples could be stratified based on the qualitative trait. Through a joint likelihood function, we derive a class of estimators and test statistics for evaluating the shared genetic association on both the quantitative and qualitative traits. Our simulation study shows that the joint likelihood test procedure is potentially more powerful than association tests based on separate traits. Application of our proposed procedure is demonstrated through the rheumatoid arthritis data provided by the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 (GAW16).
Cardiovascular Disease in the Asia Middle East Region: Global Trends and Local Implications:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and in most countries outside sub-Saharan Africa. The root causes of this modern epidemic are sedentary stressful urban lifestyles and high-calorie diets rich in saturated fats, salt, and simple sugars. Although the mortality from CVD has long peaked in most developed countries, its prevalence continues to rise because of improved survival and aging of the populations, placing tremendous strains on health care financing in some of these countries. In most Asian and Middle Eastern countries, outside East Asia, prevalence of CVD and its risk factors are high and still rising, while the rising mortality is among the highest in the world. As the predominantly young populations of these countries age, they face inadequate health care systems without assured financial coverage. Effective measures are therefore urgently needed to combat the epidemic of CVD. Comprehensive preventive measures are essential to curb the spread of this epidemic, while health care systems should be structured on the basis of locally derived data to provide adequate affordable care to the ever increasing pools of patients with CVD.
Minimally invasive surgical closure of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: The treatment of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) via a minimally invasive approach utilizing a tubular retraction system is described. CLINICAL PROBLEM: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are treated by either direct surgical obliteration or endovascular embolization to close the fistula. Surgical treatment traditionally requires a full or hemi-laminectomy with intradural exposure and obliteration of the draining vein of the fistula. TECHNIQUE: Surgical treatment is performed via a targeted, minimally invasive approach to close the draining vein of the DAVF intradurally utilizing a tubular retraction system. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of spinal DAVFs can be performed in a targeted, minimally invasive manner with a short operative time and minimal tissue disruption.
Parallel Algorithms for Dynamic Shortest Path Problems

The development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and the resulting need for the solution of a variety of dynamic traffic network models and management problems require faster-than-real-time computation of shortest path problems in dynamic networks. Recently, a sequential algorithm was developed to compute shortest paths in discrete time dynamic networks from all nodes and all departure times to one destination node. The algorithm is known as algorithm DOT and has an optimal worst-case running-time complexity. This implies that no algorithm with a better worst-case computational complexity can be discovered. Consequently, in order to derive algorithms to solve all-to-one shortest path problems in dynamic networks, one would need to explore avenues other than the design of sequential solution algorithms only. The use of commercially-available high-performance computing platforms to develop parallel implementations of sequential algorithms is an example of such avenue. This paper reports on the design, implementation, and computational testing of parallel dynamic shortest path algorithms. We develop two shared-memory and two message-passing dynamic shortest path algorithm implementations, which are derived from algorithm DOT using the following parallelization strategies: decomposition by destination and decomposition by transportation network topology. The algorithms are coded using two types of parallel computing environments: a message-passing environment based on the parallel virtual machine (PVM) library and a multi-threading environment based on the SUN Microsystems Multi-Threads (MT) library. We also develop a time-based parallel version of algorithm DOT for the case of minimum time paths in FIFO networks, and a theoretical parallelization of algorithm DOT on an ‘ideal’ theoretical parallel machine. Performances of the implementations are analyzed and evaluated using large transportation networks, and two types of parallel computing platforms: a distributed network of Unix workstations and a SUN shared-memory machine containing eight processors. Satisfactory speed-ups in the running time of sequential algorithms are achieved, in particular for shared-memory machines. Numerical results indicate that shared-memory computers constitute the most appropriate type of parallel computing platforms for the computation of dynamic shortest paths for real-time ITS applications.
Fluid–structure interaction, immersed boundary-finite element method simulations of bio-prosthetic heart valves

Abstract A three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) framework for rigid bodies has been extended to deformable soft tissue by coupling a sharp-interface immersed boundary incompressible Navier–Stokes solver for fluids with a non-linear large deformation finite element method for soft tissue. A Fung-type constitutive law is used for the soft tissue of heart valves that can capture the experimentally observed non-linear anisotropic stress–strain behavior of the heart valve tissue. The FSI solver adopts a strongly-coupled partitioned approach that is stabilized with under-relaxation and the Aitken acceleration technique. The finite element solver is verified against the benchmark experimental and numerical data for heart valve tissue while the immersed boundary solver was validated against flow measurements of a mechanical heart valve in the previous work. The capabilities of the solver are demonstrated by simulating the first fully three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction of tissue valves implanted in the aortic position during systole under physiologic flow conditions. It is observed that the flow’s threefold symmetry breaks during the early systole, questioning the threefold symmetry assumption of previous simulations. The flow created by the tissue valve is compared against the mechanical heart valve under the same conditions. The flowfields, created by the tissue and mechanical valves, show drastic differences at different instances during a heartbeat cycle. Mainly, the breakdown of vortices into small-scale vortical structures right before the peak systole in mechanical heart valves is not observed in the bio-prosthetic heart valves.
Chinese Conceptions of “Rights”: From Mencius to Mao—and Now

The recent explosion of popular protest in China, often framed as a demand for the fulfillment of “rights,” has captured widespread attention. Some observers interpret the protests as signs of a “moral vacuum.” Others see the unrest as signaling a powerful new “rights consciousness.” In either case, the protests are often regarded as a major challenge to the stability of the political system. In this article, an examination of Chinese conceptions of “rights,” as reflected in the ethical discourses of philosophers, political leaders, and protesters (and as contrasted with American understandings of rights), provides the basis for questioning prevailing assumptions about the fragility of the Chinese political order. For over two millennia, Chinese political thought, policy, and protest have assigned central priority to the attainment of socioeconomic security. As a result, the meaning of “rights” in Chinese political discourse differs significantly from the Anglo-American tradition. Viewed in historical context, China's contemporary “rights” protests seem less politically threatening. The Chinese polity appears neither as vacuous nor as vulnerable as it is sometimes assumed to be.Elizabeth J. Perry is Henry Rosovsky Professor of Government at Harvard University and is the current President of the Association for Asian Studies (eperry@latte.harvard.edu). A preliminary draft of this paper was delivered as a keynote address at the conference on Socioeconomic Rights and Justice in China held at Dickinson College in April 2004. The author is grateful to the conference organizer, Neil Diamant, for the invitation to consider these issues and to the other conference participants (especially David Strand and Jerome Cohen) for their challenging comments and questions. A substantially revised version was presented at the conference in memory of Benjamin Schwartz, held in Shanghai at East China Normal University in December 2006. Thanks are due to the conference organizers and participants (particularly Zhu Zhenghui, Xu Jilin, Zhang Jishun, Tong Shijun, and Roderick MacFarquhar) for their stimulating suggestions. Appreciation is also extended to Stephen Angle, Nara Dillon, Mary Gallagher, and Kevin O'Brien for their critical reading of an earlier draft.
The dynamics of a vesicle in simple shear flow

We have performed direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a lipid vesicle under Stokes flow conditions in simple shear flow. The lipid membrane is modelled as a two-dimensional incompressible fluid with Helfrich surface energy in response to bending deformation. A high-fidelity spectral boundary integral method is used to solve the flow and membrane interaction system; the spectral resolution and convergence of the numerical scheme are demonstrated. The critical viscosity ratios for the transition from tank-treading (TT) to ‘trembling’ (TR, also called VB, i.e. vacillating-breathing, or swinging) and eventually ‘tumbling’ (TU) motions are calculated by linear stability analysis based on this spectral method, and are in good agreement with perturbation theories. The effective shear rheology of a dilute suspension of these vesicles is also calculated over a wide parameter regime. Finally, our DNS reveals a family of time-periodic and off-the-shear-plane motion patterns where the vesicle's configuration follows orbits that resemble but are fundamentally different from the classical Jeffery orbits of rigid particles due to the vesicle's deformability.
Disconfirming Moral Foundations Theory on Its Own Terms Reply to Graham (2015)

People see immorality in sin and sex, but is “purity” a unique type of moral content, with unique cognition? Domain-general accounts—and parsimony—suggest that all moral content is processed similarly and that “purity” is merely a descriptive label. Conversely, domain-specific theories (e.g., moral foundations theory [MFT]) argue for a special purity module. Consistent with domain-general accounts, we demonstrated that purity concerns are not distinguished from harm concerns—in either MFT or naturalistic scenarios—and that controlling for domain-general dimensions eliminates effects previously ascribed to moral “modules.” Here, we reaffirm the strength of our data, exploring how issues raised by Graham reflect only weaknesses in MFT. Importantly, we identify several clear contradictions between Graham’s comment and past-published accounts of MFT. To the extent that MFT stands by its published stimuli, methodologies, and theoretical assumptions, we believe that we have disconfirmed MFT on its own terms.
Authoring multi-stage code examples with editable code histories

Multi-stage code examples present multiple versions of a program where each stage increases the overall complexity of the code. In order to acquire strategies of program construction using a new language or API, programmers consult multi-stage code examples in books, tutorials and online videos. Authoring multi-stage code examples is currently a tedious process, as it involves keeping several stages of code synchronized in the face of edits and error corrections. We document these difficulties with a formative study examining how programmers author multi-stage code examples. We then present an IDE extension that helps authors create multi-stage code examples by propagating changes (insertions, deletions and modifications) to multiple saved versions of their code. Our system adapts revision control algorithms to the specific task of evolving example code. An informal evaluation finds that taking snapshots of a program as it is being developed and editing these snapshots in hindsight help users in creating multi-stage code examples.
Preferences Regarding Return of Genomic Results to Relatives of Research Participants, Including after Participant Death: Empirical Results from a Cancer Biobank

Data are lacking with regard to participants' perspectives on return of genetic research results to relatives, including after the participant's death. This paper reports descriptive results from 3,630 survey respondents: 464 participants in a pancreatic cancer biobank, 1,439 family registry participants, and 1,727 healthy individuals. Our findings indicate that most participants would feel obligated to share their results with blood relatives while alive and would want results to be shared with relatives after their death.
Contraries and the cubes and disks of opposition

L'A. analyse la relation logique de contrariete entre deux elements et vise a montrer qu'a la difference de ce que l'on pense traditionnellement, les termes contraires ne sont pas la base de la contrariete des propositions, mais que la contrariete des propositions est premiere. Apres avoir demontre cela, il en tire quelques consequences immediates et developpe sa theorie des cubes et disques d'opposition, avant de donner quelques observations de Gear qui corroborent sa these sur les contraires, et repondre finalement a quelques objections
A convergence rate theorem for finite difference approximations to delta functions

We prove a rate of convergence theorem for approximations to certain integrals over codimension one manifolds in R^n. The type of manifold involved here is defined by the zero level set of a smooth mapping u:R^[email protected]?R. Our approximations are based on the two finite difference methods for discretizing delta functions presented in [16]. We included a convergence proof in that paper, but only proved rates of convergence in some greatly simplified situations. Numerical experiments indicated that our two methods were at least first and second order accurate, respectively. In this note we prove those empirical convergence rates for the two algorithms under fairly general hypotheses.
Exploring distributed and adaptive compression in cluster-based sensor routing

Distributed compression is appealing to sensor networks due to its ability to compress out the redundancy within individual sources as well as across geographically-separated but content-correlated sources without explicit inter-source communication. This paper investigates how adaptive distributed compression can be efficiently integrated with the practical cluster-based sensor architecture in general and the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol in particular. The goal is to exploit the power of distributed compression while keeping the operational overhead minimal. Using an adaptive scheme based on rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes, we show that an additional energy reduction of 20%-41% is achievable compared to conventional compression without modifying the routing protocol or complicating the system architecture.
Anodic stripping voltammetry compared with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for blood lead analysis.

According to a recent CDC report, blood lead concentrations in 1 000 000 US children are at values associated with irreversible damage to health (1). The effects of chronic lead poisoning on the developing nervous systems have been well documented (2), with children in inner city neighborhoods, where older housing stocks have deteriorating lead paint, most vulnerable (3). Accurate screening of children for lead exposure is, therefore, of paramount importance. The current biomarker for assessment of lead exposure is venous blood lead, commonly measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAA). Although both of these techniques have been used in our laboratory for 15 years, with ASV being our instrument of choice for clinical blood lead analysis, there is surprisingly little published information on ASV as a clinical tool for blood lead analysis. Here we present comparative data on ASV and GFAA analyses of blood lead in our clinic, with a novel reagent for calibration of ASV. For ASV, we used the ESA 3010B Trace Metals Analyzer (Environmental Science Associates) with a mercury-coated graphite electrode, a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and a platinum counter electrode. For GFAA (4), we used a Zeeman/5100 PC atomic absorption spectrophotometer with HGA-600 graphite furnace and AS-60 autosampler (Perkin-Elmer). For analysis by ASV, instead of the manufacturer’s reagent we used a novel reagent developed at our laboratory that is based entirely on chloride salts and HCl. HCl is suitable for electroplating of metals. Importantly, …
Acute, reversible tricuspid insufficiency: creation in canine model

Relatively few methods have been described for the creation of valvular insufficiency in an animal model. Those presented involve limitations such as permanent destruction of the valves or lack of control over the degree of regurgitation produced. We describe a method of acute reversible tricuspid insufficiency that can be easily created and controlled in anesthetized dogs. The model employs a wire spiral that is advanced through the atrioventricular canal from the right atrium. The spiral causes regurgitation by preventing complete apposition of the valve leaflets while permitting retrograde flow to occur through the spiral lumen. The degree of regurgitation can be controlled by the use of spirals of different sizes. Creation of tricuspid insufficiency is demonstrated by the onset of right atrial pressure V waves, a "ballooning" of the right atrium during ventricular systole, palpation of an atrial thrill, or by color Doppler echocardiography. In 14 dogs, right atrial pressure increased from a control value of 9 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) mmHg to 10 +/- 3 and 12 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively, with spirals of 1.5 and 2.2 cm in diameter (both P less than 0.05). With the 2.2-cm spiral, aortic blood pressure decreased from a control value of 104 +/- 20 to 83 +/- 17 mmHg (P less than 0.05), and cardiac output decreased from 73 +/- 26 to 59 +/- 19 ml.min-1.kg-1 (P less than 0.05). This model is reversible, allows repeated trials of various grades of regurgitation, does not require ventriculotomy, and is relatively nonarrhythmogenic.
CXCR4/CXCL12 as a Therapeutic Target

The interaction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts with the bone marrow microenvironment regulates critical processes important in sustaining the malignant clone including self-renewal, cell growth, and proliferation as well as resistance to chemotherapy. The chemokine receptor, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4), with its ligand chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), is the principal regulator of trafficking of normal and malignant stem cells to the bone marrow. High expression of CXCR4 on AML blasts has been identified as an adverse prognostic feature in AML. As a target for therapeutic intervention, preclinical studies have demonstrated in animal models the potential for CXCR4 antagonists to potentiate the effect of chemotherapy in AML and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in AML. Based on these studies, clinical trials have been initiated in AML with CXCR4 inhibitors in combination with either chemotherapy or FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors.
The effects of student caretaking history on clinical performance

Abstract Studies of social work students reveal high rates of family dysfunction and trauma (Black, Jeffreys, & Hartley, 1993; Rompf & Royse, 1994; Russel, Gill, Coyne, & Woody, 1993). Object relations theory (Hanna, 1990a, 1990b; Winnicott, 1965) and family systems theory (Lackie, 1983) explain how the choice of a helping profession motivated by unmet dependency needs may lead to problems in clinical performance. This article reports on an exploratory study (n = 15) that found some support for the theoretical link between a history of early, pervasive family caretak‐ing by second‐year clinical MSW students and Winnicott's False Self characteristics. Analysis of process recording data and Working Alliance Inventory (Horvath & Greenberg, 1989) scores suggest some effects of this caretaking history on students’ clinical performance. Implications for social work education and practice are discussed.
Na+-dependent and Na+-independent glycerol fluxes inHymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda)

1. Labeled glycerol influx (J G i ) in the cestode,Hymenolepis diminuta, occurs by diffusion and two mediated systems which were distinguished by their sensitivity to Na+ and inhibitors. The Na+-activated system had a maximal glycerol influx (J G i max) of 91.5 μmoles/g ethanol extracted dry wt/hr and an apparent transport constant (K t ) of 0.24 mM; fluxes of glycerol and Na+ did not appear to be coupled. The second transport system, which operated in the absence of external Na+, had aJ G i max of 83.8 μmoles/g ethanol extracted dry wt/hr and aK t of 0.69 mM (Figs. 1 and 2). 2. DL-β-glycerophosphate, glyceraldehyde, monoacetin, and phloretin inhibited both transport systems, while 1, 2-propanediol inhibited only the Na+-dependent system (Fig. 3). 3. The inhibition ofJ G i by DL-β-glycerophosphate was relieved by ammonium molybdate, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and glucose-6-phosphate (Fig. 4, Table 1). These compounds had little or no effect onJ G i indicating that inhibition was produced by glycerol liberated from the hydrolysis of the phosphorylated compound by surface phosphohydrolases of the worm. 4. Li+, K+, Tris and choline did not replace Na+ as an activator ofJ G i (Fig. 7). Glycerol diffusion rates in media where Li+ or K+ were used to replace Na+ were identical; however, replacement of Na+ with Tris lowered the diffusion rate (Table 2). Diffusion-corrected rates forJ G i were the same in Li+-, K+-, and Tris-substituted media, but were significantly lower in choline-substituted media; choline appeared to act as a competitive inhibitor of mediatedJ G i (Fig. 8, Table 2). 5. Phloretin competitively inhibitedJ G i while phlorizin had no effect. The effects of pH on the inhibition by phloretin indicated that the ketonic form, and not the enolic form, of phloretin was responsible for inhibition (Fig. 5).
A curvilinear, fully implicit, conservative electromagnetic PIC algorithm in multiple dimensions

We extend a recently proposed fully implicit PIC algorithm for the Vlasov-Darwin model in multiple dimensions (Chen and Chacon (2015) 1) to curvilinear geometry. As in the Cartesian case, the approach is based on a potential formulation (?, A), and overcomes many difficulties of traditional semi-implicit Darwin PIC algorithms. Conservation theorems for local charge and global energy are derived in curvilinear representation, and then enforced discretely by a careful choice of the discretization of field and particle equations. Additionally, the algorithm conserves canonical-momentum in any ignorable direction, and preserves the Coulomb gauge ? ? A = 0 exactly. An asymptotically well-posed fluid preconditioner allows efficient use of large cell sizes, which are determined by accuracy considerations, not stability, and can be orders of magnitude larger than required in a standard explicit electromagnetic PIC simulation. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency properties of the algorithm with numerical experiments in mapped meshes in 1D-3V and 2D-3V.
Residential segregation and racial disparities in self-rated health: How do dimensions of residential segregation matter?

Previous research on segregation and health has been criticized for overlooking the fact that segregation is a multi-dimensional concept (i.e., evenness, exposure, concentration, centralization, and clustering) and recent evidence drawn from non-black minorities challenges the conventional belief that residential segregation widens racial health disparities. Combining a survey data (n = 18,752) from Philadelphia with the 2010 Census tract (n = 925) data, we examine two theoretical frameworks to understand why the association of segregation with health may differ by race/ethnicity. Specifically, we investigate how each dimension of segregation contributed to racial disparities in self-rated health. We found (1) high levels of white/black concentration could exacerbate the white/black health disparities up to 25 percent, (2) the white/Hispanic health disparities was narrowed by increasing the level of white/Hispanic centralization, and (3) no single dimension of segregation statistically outperforms others. Our findings supported that segregation is bad for blacks but may be beneficial for Hispanics.
To Buy or Not to Buy? Understanding the Role of Personality Traits in Predicting Consumer Behaviors

In this paper, we explore the role of derived personality traits from Twitter in determining consumer behaviors. We conduct comprehensive analysis on a large industry dataset containing 188,654 individual level purchasing records across over 100 product categories. For each category, we build classifiers to distinguish buyers from non-buyers based on their derived personality traits. We use the models with demographic features as baseline to evaluate the predictive power of personality traits. Our results prove the decisive power of derived personality on a variety of consumer behaviors.
Surveying apple orchards with a monocular vision system

We present computer vision algorithms to collect yield related information in an apple orchard using images collected from a single camera. The goal of our system is to give farmers the capability to use their phones or digital cameras to record images and obtain yield related parameters. There are two challenges in this setup which necessitate novel methods: (i) It is very difficult to generate dense matches using standard image features. (ii) The constrained geometry of the setup causes existing structure from motion algorithms to fail. We present a novel piecewise incremental structure from motion technique to register and reconstruct the apples which is used for extracting count and diameter information. We validate our approach by presenting results from multiple field trials.
Identification of Prognostic Genes and Pathways in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using a Bayesian Approach.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the United States and the world. Adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of lung cancer, is generally diagnosed at the late stage with poor prognosis. In the past, extensive effort has been devoted to elucidating lung cancer pathogenesis and pinpointing genes associated with survival outcomes. As the progression of lung cancer is a complex process that involves coordinated actions of functionally associated genes from cancer-related pathways, there is a growing interest in simultaneous identification of both prognostic pathways and important genes within those pathways. In this study, we analyse The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma data using a Bayesian approach incorporating the pathway information as well as the interconnections among genes. The top 11 pathways have been found to play significant roles in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis, including pathways in mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We have also located key gene signatures such as RELB, MAP4K1, and UBE2C. These results indicate that the Bayesian approach may facilitate discovery of important genes and pathways that are tightly associated with the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
H2O-Improved O2 activation on the Pd–Au bimetallic surface

Improved activation of adsorbed O2 by co-adsorbed H2O on the Pd–Au(111) surface has been observed. When co-adsorbed with H2O, O2 admolecules on the Pd–Au surface are more strongly bound via their interactions with H2O. This interaction leads to large enhancements in the dissociation of O2 as determined via the generation of CO2 upon exposure to CO.
Auxin, microtubules, and vesicle trafficking: conspirators behind the cell wall

Plant morphogenesis depends on the synchronized anisotropic expansion of individual cells in response to developmental and environmental cues. The magnitude of cell expansion depends on the biomechanical properties of the cell wall, which in turn depends on both its biosynthesis and extensibility. Although the control of cell expansion by the phytohormone auxin is well established, its regulation of cell wall composition, trafficking of H+-ATPases, and K+ influx that drives growth is still being elucidated. Furthermore, the maintenance of auxin fluxes via the interaction between the cytoskeleton and PIN protein recycling on the plasma membrane remains under investigation. This review proposes a model that describes how the cell wall, auxin, microtubule binding-protein CLASP and Kin7/separase complexes, and vesicle trafficking are co-ordinated on a cellular level to mediate cell wall loosening during cell expansion.
The Elusiveness of Gustatory Potentiation of an Environmental Aversion

Two experiments investigated conditions that influence whether or not the presence of a flavor cue potentiates acquisition of an environmental aversion. Experiments 1 and 2 exposed rats to either a salient sucrose flavor or nonsalient water with black box-illness pairings. Half of the rats in the sucrose and water treatment groups became ill after exposure to the black chamber in their home cage. The other half of the rats in the two treatment conditions became ill in the black box. The results of each study indicated that a strong environmental aversion was established when illness was associated with exposure to the black box. The aversiveness of the black chamber was indicated by both less time spent in the black side and reduced intake in the black chamber. The presence of sucrose during conditioning did produce a stronger black box aversion than did water. Reliable potentiation of the environmental aversion, however, was seen only when the illness experience occurred in the black chamber but not when illness occurred in the home cage. A weaker aversion to the black chamber was also found in the water groups when illness occurred shortly after experience with the black box than when illness immediately followed exposure to the black chamber.
The use of synthetic ligaments in the design of an enhanced stability total knee joint replacement

Current total knee replacement designs work to address clinically desired knee stability and range of motion through a balance of retained anatomy and added implant geometry. However, simplified im...
Harnessing natural DNA modifying activities for editing of the genome and epigenome

The introduction of site-specific DNA modifications to the genome or epigenome presents great opportunities for manipulating biological systems. Such changes are now possible through the combination of DNA-modifying enzymes with targeting modules, including dCas9, that can localize the enzymes to specific sites. In this review, we take a DNA modifying enzyme-centric view of recent advances. We highlight the variety of natural DNA-modifying enzymes-including DNA methyltransferases, oxygenases, deaminases, and glycosylases-that can be used for targeted editing and discuss how insights into the structure and function of these enzymes has further expanded editing potential by introducing enzyme variants with altered activities or by improving spatiotemporal control of modifications.
The Integration of Human Rights in US Social Work Education: Insights from a Qualitative Study

While social justice is an explicit value of social work, the concept of human rights has garnered more attention in social work education in the USA in recent years. This article focuses on findings from qualitative research on US-based social work educators’ efforts to incorporate human rights perspectives into undergraduate and graduate courses. The research indicates that the integration of human rights throughout the social work curriculum remains a sometimes contested and fragmented process and is often based on individual professors’ interest. Many interviewees focused on barriers to infusing human rights in the curriculum. Yet, interviewees also expressed the importance of the “human rights turn” in social work and the desire to incorporate rights-based learning and practices within the profession to reinvigorate earlier mandates for social justice work as the underpinning of social work values.
A study at 30th street

Abstract Traffic's order exceeds what traffic signs and laws are capable of regulating, and local collaborative work by motorists resolves many problems. A videotaped study of traffic flow at a busy intersection controlled by four-way stop signs revealed that when strict adherence to rules and signs impedes traffic flow, regulations may be ignored. Some ethnomethods that drivers used to maintain efficient order are identified and described, and the contrast between ethnomethodological analysis and formal analyses of order is illustrated. After a review of sociological thinking about social solidarity, the notions of the “production” of order and “structure” in social affairs are given new specifications.
Mind-Mapping Migration: Understanding the Deeper Contours of a Contentious Debate:

This article discusses the issue of migration from various vantage points: political, economic, linguistic, legal, philosophical, and ethical. It is shown that although migration touches upon many ...
Acute kidney injury following total joint arthroplasty: retrospective analysis

Introduction Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) following arthroplasty has not been well studied. Our aim was to identify factors associated with increased risk of AKI.
Normative and isolated rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in adults without REM sleep behavior disorder.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Values for normative REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) remain unclear. Older age and male sex are associated with greater RSWA, and isolated elevated RSWA has been reported. We aimed to describe normative RSWA and characterize isolated RSWA frequency in adults without REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). METHODS We visually quantified phasic, "any," and tonic RSWA in the submentalis (SM) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles, and the automated Ferri REM Atonia Index during polysomnography in adults without RBD aged 21-88. We calculated RSWA percentiles across age and sex deciles and compared RSWA in older (≥ 65) versus younger ( 95th percentile) frequency was also determined. RESULTS Overall, 95th percentile RSWA percentages were SM phasic, any, tonic = 8.6%, 9.1%, 0.99%; AT phasic and "any" = 17.0%; combined SM/AT phasic, "any" = 22.3%, 25.5%; and RAI = 0.85. Most phasic RSWA burst durations were ≤1.0 s (85th percentiles: SM = 1.07, AT = 0.86 seconds). Older men had significantly higher AT RSWA than older women and younger patients (all p < 0.04). Twenty-nine (25%, 18 men) had RSWA exceeding the cohort 95th percentile, while 17 (14%, 12 men) fulfilled diagnostic cutoffs for phasic or automated RBD RSWA thresholds. CONCLUSIONS RSWA levels are highest in older men, mirroring the demographic characteristics of RBD, suggesting that older men frequently have altered REM sleep atonia control. These data establish normative adult RSWA values and thresholds for determination of isolated RSWA elevation, potentially aiding RBD diagnosis and discussions concerning incidental RSWA in clinical sleep medicine practice.