cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PET Camera Performance Design Evaluation for BGO and BaF2 Scintillators (Non-Time-of-Flight)

Bismuth germanate (BGO) and barium fluoride (BaF2) scintillators are presently used in positron emission tomegraphy (PET) cameras. This study evaluates the important PET performance parameters of image resolution, true sensitivity, scatter background, accidental background, and realistic maximum radioactivity in the field of view for both BGO and BaF2 in an identical non-time-of-flight, whole-body camera configuration. These performance parameters are evaluated for three phantoms simulating (a) the head, (b) whole-body cross-section and (c) heart/kidney. This study finds that the high stopping power of BGO yields higher sensitivity, higher resolution, less vignetting, better immunity from scattered gamma, and lower accident/true ratio at any dose level. The faster BaF2 timing acceptance window is traded off by its vulnerability to noncoincidental scatter-gamma which increases accidental coincidences. The BGO is found to be a better choice for non-time-of-flight systems especially with large objects which produce a lot of noncoincidental scatter-gammas. This study also found that the practical diminishing return maximum activity within the field-of-view is approximately 20-25 mCi for existing conventional cameras.
Microstructure, residual stress, and intermolecular force distribution maps of graphene/polymer hybrid composites: Nanoscale morphology-promoted synergistic effects

Abstract Intrinsically conducting (or π-conjugated) polymers and graphene related materials are attractive for manufacturing hybrid nanocomposite materials and devices owing to their multifunction at the constituents' interface i.e. graphene/conducting polymer. To utilize these materials, understanding of and relating their microscopic internal structure, surface morphology, and physical properties become indispensable. In this work, we report on the electrochemically synthesized conducting polymers with electrochemically processed graphene nanosheets forming hybrid films and the enhancement of mechanical properties of polymers arising due to synergistic effects promoted by nanostructured morphology and vicinal polymeric chain ordering induced by embedded or impregnated graphene nanosheets. We investigated surface topography, chain ordering, residual stress distribution, force curves and force volume imaging using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Raman mapping, atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy gaining insights into structural and interfacial bonding, conjugation length distribution, and intermolecular forces. Traditional force curves measure the force felt by the tip as it approaches and retracts from a point on the sample surface ( i.e. tip-sample adhesion force), whereas force volume is an array of force curves over an extended sample area. Moreover, detailed structural studies are able to demonstrate that the bonding configurations and structural conformations intertwined with crystallinity and surface chemistry in both the polymers and graphene derivatives nanosheets have a strong effect on nanoscale intermolecular forces and surface elasticity maps. Meanwhile the spring constant (k) estimated from the force curves using elastic contact model was synchronously enhanced for hybrid composites with interspersed graphene sheets on polymer chains forming a kind of ordered stacked structure. Alternatively, the mechanical properties of polymers are improved following in the order: PAni/ErGO > PPy/ErGO > PAni/GO > PPy/GO > PAni ≥ PPy. The electrostatic force between the tip and residual charged polymers surface, are also discussed in terms of multilayer model consisting of three layers analogous to electrostatic double-layer. Furthermore, the information in the force volume measurement was decoupled from topographic data offering new insights into the materials' surface and mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites. These measurements are complemented with electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealing their surface morphology, intrinsic structure and crystallinity having far reaching implications and impacts on alternative renewable electrochemical energy, photovoltaic and aerospace device applications.
A Preconditioned Non-Singular Eigensystem for the Navier-Stokes Equations with Finite-Rate Chemistry

A preconditioner for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with finite-rate chemistry has been developed and implemented in a three-dimensional, parallel, unstructured flow solver. Convergence acceleration is demonstrated over a range of low Mach numbers (Mach ∼ 0). The nonsingular preconditioned eigensystem is also presented. Several test problems are examined and results are presented demonstrating preconditioning for reacting low speed flows.
Calibration of a Reusable Nonlinear Beam-Column Connection for Use in an Experimental Ground Motion Scaling Study

Ground motion selection and scaling comprises one of the most important components of any seismic risk assessment study that involves response history analysis. The related research to date has been based on analytical studies of mostly single-degree-of-freedom systems, with fewer studies conducted using multi-degreeof-freedom systems. By contrast, the research effort described in this paper focuses on an experimental evaluation based on shake table tests of a small-scale six-story building frame specimen utilizing a calibrated, reusable, rotational, nonlinear beamcolumn connection. The paper focuses on the development and calibration of this connection and an associated analytical simulation to quantify the uncertainty introduced into the shake table results due to the variability in the calibrated strength of the connection. It is shown that the six-story frame structure outfitted with nonlinear connections at each beam end is effective in filtering the variability in the local connection behavior such that the uncertainty in the global response of the structure is often less than that of the connection. Ultimately, these results will be used in conjunction with the shake table test data from the six-story frame structure for the development of guidelines and procedures to achieve reliable demand estimates from nonlinear response history analysis in seismic design.
Identifying Transition Teacher Competencies Through Literature Review and Surveys of Experts and Practitioners

We first conducted a synthesis of literature to identify essential transition teacher competencies to guide curriculum development for a personnel preparation program. The synthesis yielded a list ...
Properties of the Transpose Mapping

(1977). Properties of the Transpose Mapping. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 151-152.
Copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in human blood from 19 locations in the United States.

Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were determined in 243 blood samples of male residents of 19 cities in the continental United States. The mean Cu and Zn concentrations of all samples agreed closely with values reported by other investigators. The means among the 19 locations, however, differed by threefold in Cu and fivefold in Zn. The levels of Cu and Zn in blood in 17 locations were normally distributed about their means except in two locations. Unlike Cu and Zn, the concentrations of Cd and Pb varied widely among samples from a given location.
Quantitative inspection and analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in shellfish in eight coastal cities in China

Objective:To acquire more scientific data for risk assessment,shellfish from October of 2008 to October of 2009 aquatic products wholesale market in eight coastal cities were detected quantitatively.Methods:The V.parahaemolyticus densities in seafood samples were enumerated by MPN method combined with a PCR procedure(MPN-PCR method)targeting tlh and tdh gene.Results:Total V.parahaemolyticus were isolated from 62.67% of all the samples(329/525) with only one sample containing tdh and tlh gene.Large number of positive findings and density of V.parahaemolyticus were found in razor clam.Conclusion:Difference of incidence of total V.parahaemolyticus in different monthes is significant(χ2=24.207,P0.05),with significantly larger number of positive findings involved the samples collected from June to September and lower number from December to next February.Difference of incindence of total V.parahaemolyticus in samples from eight cities is not significant(χ2=11.107,P0.05).Apart from razor clam,difference of incindence of total V.parahaemolyticus oyster,cockle,clam,mussel and the other shellfish from eight cities is not significant(P0.05).
MRC-SPECT-DF: An MR-Compatible SPECT System with A Dual-FOV Collimator Design for Microscopic SPECT Imaging

1870 Objectives We will report the design and performance of a MR-compatible SPECT system that utilizes a dual-FOV aperture design for microscopic SPECT imaging of small animals inside pre-existing MR scanners. The MRC-SPECT-DF system consists of a full ring of high resolution CdTe detectors and an aperture that consists of dual-FOV aperture system design that has two sets of aperture rings, one providing a large FOV and the other one allowing an ultrahigh resolution microscopic imaging of a selected target region. The switching between apertures does not require mechanical shifting of either the aperture or the CdTe detector ring, which is critical for minimizing the interference between both SPECT sand MRI sub-systems. Methods The prototype PET imaging setup consists of two HPWF CdTe detectors operated in coincidence around a rotary stage on top of a 3-D translation stage (Fig. 1.a,b). Each HPWF detector has a 2mm x 2.2 cm x 1.1 cm CdTe crystal, with 64x32 anode pixel elements of 350 µm x 350 µm[1]. The dual-FOV (DF) aperture design is shown in Fig. 1.c-e. The DF-aperture assembly consists of 2 rings of pinholes along the axis of the system. The first set has a FOV of around 3.2 cm diameter by 3.2 cm length for providing an overview of the object, and the second one has a smaller FOV of 0.8 cm at a very high spatial resolution of 300um. The aperture design also include a unique shutter-structure that slides into place to block one set of aperture while the other set is in use. Results In this presentation, we will present the SPECT images acquired with the MRC_SPECT-DF system for imaging of resolution phantoms and mice labeled with different SPECT isotopes. Conclusions We have developed an upgrade of the MRC-SPECT system to incorporate a dual-FOC aperture. This design allows the user to switch between two imaging modes, while minimizing the mechanical motion of the aperture and the detection system. This design would allow the user to practically search for target-region and then provide focused microscopic SPECT imaging inside the MR scanners.
Modulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β following TRAIL combinatorial treatment in cancer cells.

// Sreevidya Santha 1 , Gantulga Davaakhuu 1 , Aninda Basu 1 , Rong Ke 1 , Subhasis Das 1 , Ajay Rana 1, 2, 3 , Basabi Rana 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 2 University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 3 Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Correspondence to: Basabi Rana, email: basrana@uic.edu Keywords: GSK3β, AKT, PPARγ, AMPK, apoptosis-resistance Received: July 26, 2016 Accepted: August 29, 2016 Published: September 02, 2016 ABSTRACT Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine kinase, known to regulate various cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis as well as TRAIL-resistance. Thus pathways that can modulate GSK3β axis are important targets for cancer drug development. Our earlier studies have shown that combinatorial treatment with Troglitazone (TZD) and TRAIL can induce apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. The current studies were undertaken to investigate whether GSK3β pathway was modulated during this apoptosis. Our results indicated an increase in inhibitory GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation during apoptosis, mediated via AKT. At a later time, however, TZD alone and TRAIL-TZD combination produced a dramatic reduction of GSK3β expression, which was abolished by cycloheximide. Luciferase assays with GSK3β-luc promoter reporter showed that TZD can effectively antagonize GSK3β promoter activity. Since TZD is a ligand for transcription factor PPARγ and can activate AMPK, we determined their roles on antagonism of GSK3β. Knockdown of PPARγ was unable to restore GSK3β expression or antagonize GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation. Although pretreatment with Compound C (pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK) partially rescued GSK3β expression, knockdown of AMPKα1 or α2 alone or in combination were ineffective. These studies suggested a novel PPARγ-AMPK-independent mechanism of targeting GSK3β by TZD, elucidation of which might provide newer insights to improve our understanding of TRAIL-resistance.
Felt responsibility and climate engagement: Distinguishing adaptation from mitigation

Abstract Policy makers and citizens must choose from among a growing variety of strategic options as they try to cope optimally with climate change. As a means of more accurately predicting different types of climate change engagement, we empirically distinguish individuals’ felt responsibility for mitigation (FRm) from felt responsibility for adaptation (FRa), and assess support for different climate action strategies (mitigation and adaptation). We surveyed two U.S. samples two months apart, and the replication study confirmed Study 1′s findings of differing predictive powers for FRm vs. FRa. Each type of felt responsibility, controlling for the other, served as a mediator between belief in global warming (as well as belief in anthropogenic cause of climate change) and its corresponding climate action strategy (mitigation vs. adaptation). FRa predicted adaptation measures but not mitigation measures, while FRm predicted mitigation measures more strongly than it predicted adaptation but did predict both action strategies. We also found important individual differences: people’s disposition toward behaving proactively correlated positively with all types of climate engagement, and political orientation (liberal/conservative ideology) interacted with climate action strategy (mitigation vs. adaptation) in predicting all engagement variables. Comparing levels of support across the political spectrum, the mitigation measures were highly polarizing, while the adaptation measures were less divisive.
Linear ion trap for second order Doppler shift reduction in frequency standard applications

A novel linear ion trap is designed and being tested which permits storage of a large number of ions with reduced susceptibility to the second-order Doppler effect caused by the RF confining fields. This trap should store about 20 times the number of ions storable by a conventional RF trap, with no corresponding increase in second-order Doppler shift from the confining field. In addition the sensitivity of this shift to trapping parameters, i.e. RF voltage, RF frequency, and trap size, is greatly reduced. Mercury ions and xenon ions are trapped in the presence of helium buffer gas. Trap times as long as 2*10/sup 3/ s have been measured. >
Aortic Stiffness in Aging and Hypertension: Prevention and Treatment with Habitual Aerobic Exercise

Habitual aerobic exercise is associated with lower aortic stiffness, as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV), in middle-aged/older adults without hypertension, but beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on CFPWV in hypertension remain contraversial. Therefore, the focus of this review is to discuss the evidence for and against the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on aortic stiffness in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension, possible limitations in these studies, and highlight novel directions for future research. Most randomized controlled intervention studies demonstrate that short-term aerobic exercise results in no reductions in CFPWV in middle-aged and/or older adults with treated or treatment-naive hypertension. Higher aerobic fitness is not associated with lower aortic stiffness among older adults with treated hypertension. Aortic stiffness appears to be resistant to clinically relevant improvements in response to habitual aerobic exercise in the presence of hypertension among middle-aged and older adults.
Supervised EEG Source Imaging with Graph Regularization in Transformed Domain

It is of great significance to infer activation extents under different cognitive tasks in neuroscience research as well as clinical applications. However, the EEG electrodes measure electrical potentials on the scalp instead of directly measuring activities of brain sources. To infer the activated cortex sources given the EEG data, many approaches were proposed with different neurophysiological assumptions. Traditionally, the EEG inverse problem was solved in an unsupervised way without any utilization of the brain status label information. We propose that by leveraging label information, the task related discriminative extended source patches can be much better retrieved from strong spontaneous background signals. In particular, to find task related source extents, a novel supervised EEG source imaging model called Graph regularized Variation-Based Sparse Cortical Current Density (GVB-SCCD) was proposed to explicitly extract the discriminative source extents by embedding the label information into the graph regularization term. The graph regularization was derived from the constraint that requires consistency for all the solutions on different time points within the same class. An optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is derived to solve the GVB-SCCD model. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
Stroke and Stroke-Like Symptoms in Patients with Mutations in the POLG1 Gene

Introduction/Methods Mutations in POLG1, the gene encoding mitochondrial polymerase gamma (Polγ), have been associated with a number of well-characterized phenotypes. In this study, we report two cases of patients with biallelic POLG1 mutations and stroke. We also performed a review of the literature and report on all clinical studies of patients with POLG1 mutations in which stroke was described in the phenotype. For each patient, genotype and phenotype are reported.
HLA class I antigen processing machinery (APM) component expression and PD-1:PD-L1 pathway activation in HIV-infected head and neck cancers.

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are at increased risk for developing several non-AIDS related malignancies and are often excluded from cancer immunotherapy regimens. To evaluate the immune competence of this cancer patient population, we evaluated HLA class I antigen presenting machinery (APM) component expression and PD-1:PD-L1 pathway upregulation in HIV(+) and HIV(−) head and neck cancers (HNCs). Sixty-two HIV(+) and 44 matched HIV(−) controls diagnosed with HNC between 1991 and 2011 from five tertiary care referral centers in the United States were identified. HLA class I APM component, PD-1, and PD-L1 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Clinical data was abstracted from the medical records. There was no significant difference between the cases and controls in LMP2, TAP1, HLA-A and HLA-B/C, as well as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Overall, 62% of all subjects had high PD-1 expression and 82% of the subjects expressed PD-L1 within the tumor microenvironment. LMP2, HLA-A and HLA-B/C expression were significantly associated with moderate to high PD-1 expression in the HIV(+) HNC cases (p = .004, p = .026, and p = .006, respectively) but not in the HIV(−) controls. In addition, HLA-A expression was significantly associated with PD-L1 expression in the HIV(+) HNC cases only (p = .029). HIV-infected individuals diagnosed with HNC do not have any detectable defects in HLA class I APM component expression and in PD-1:PD-L1 pathway activation. Given the current successes of HAART therapy in maintaining immune cell counts, HIV(+) patients diagnosed with cancer may benefit from the recently FDA-approved immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Modeling Complex Phenomena in Fluids

At the macroscopic level, fluids have traditionally been modeled using numerical schemes based on partial differential equations (e.g. Navier-Stokes equations). In recent years there has been a growing interest in the simulation of complex flows using particle methods (e.g. Molecular Dynamics and Cellular Automata). In this paper a variety of projects currently underway at San Jose State University are described. The unifying theme is the application of unconventional methods to fluid mechanics problems.
Motivation and Collaboration On-Line

This poster describes a controlled study that examines how individual motivation orientations affect computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) activities with an adaptive thermodynamics dialogue tutor. Our results show that motivation orientation has an effect on perceptions of one's learning partner, and possibly one's self-confidence.
Differentiating Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture from Osteonecrosis May Help Avoid Unnecessary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Differentiation of subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) from osteonecrosis (ON) is clinically important. The purpose of this study is to correlate the X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in cases that have been diagnosed histopathologically as SIF or ON, define features on X-ray and MRI analysis, and identify clinical features that may aid in the diagnosis of SIF from ON. Two blinded radiologists evaluated 104 femoral heads that were diagnosed on histopathology as either ON or SIF. Radiographs and MRIs were evaluated for pertinent radiologic features. If a low signal intensity band was present on MRI, size/depth, shape (parallel/concave/serpentine), and consistency (fatty/edematous/fibrous/mixed) were characterized. About 48.1% of SIF cases were misdiagnosed on X-ray. On MRI, SIF was associated with the presence of a parallel band (p 50 years had higher odds of SIF (p = 0.047, p = 0.014, p = 0.034, respectively). SIF is often misdiagnosed on X-ray, and the presence, shape, quality, and depth of the band on MRI can help distinguish SIF from ON. Patients with inconclusive X-ray findings with clinical features that match potential SIF should be considered for MRI. It is reasonable to allow for nonoperative management before recommending operative procedures in patients suspected of having SIF, as these fractures may be possibly managed conservatively.
Co-therapy with Families

The practitioner of psychotherapy needs to balance the steady pressure between fulfilling the community’s expectations, providing patients with an opportunity for growth, and keeping himself alive and creative. Co-therapy teaming has been vital in helping us to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between these three vectors. The term co-therapy denotes a number of different arrangements. Chiefly, it is the way that professional psychotherapists avoid, consciously or unconsciously, isolation. We use three methods of co-therapy: 1. The commonest type of arrangement and the focus of this paper is the professional and/or symbolic marriage of two therapists who intend to be present at all or most of the interviews. 2. Use of a consultant is another model. The therapist may invite another colleague in for a single or intermittent visit. The patient also may go off to see the consultant without the therapist (a visit to grandmother). 3. Another co-therapy model pictures a group of colleagues who meet on a regular basis to interview a family or discuss one or more treatment cases. The group may prefer a long-distance consultation with a speaker phone.
How episodic frames gave way to thematic frames over time: A topic modeling study of the Indian media’s reporting of rape post the 2012 Delhi gang-rape

Abstract In December 2012, a young girl was brutally gang-raped on a bus in New Delhi, the capital city of India. In the aftermath of this event, reporting and discourse on sexual harassment surged within the media there. This study uses topic modeling, a type of statistical model in machine learning, to conduct a longitudinal analysis comparing the framing of rape in the English language press in India before and after the 2012 gang-rape. Especially relying on the difference between ‘episodic’ and ‘thematic’ frames, the study finds a significant rise in ‘episodic’ frames in the immediate aftermath of this trigger event. However, it also observes ‘thematic’ frames and an evolution to more accurate reporting on causes of gender violence in the long run. The study further presents a discussion on the various factors that may have influenced frame-building over time.
Hamstring lengthening in females with cerebral palsy have greater effect than in males

Children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy often demonstrate crouched gait patterns, and typically undergo hamstring lengthenings. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if the surgical response to medial and lateral hamstring lengthenings is different between males and females. Preoperative and postoperative kinematic data of 109 (71 males and 38 females) patients with cerebral palsy were evaluated. Females demonstrated larger decreases in popliteal angle, larger decreases in mid-stance knee flexion, and higher incidences of knee hyperextension postoperatively. Results indicate that females have larger responses to hamstring lengthenings than males.
Gollum, Meet Smeagol: A Schizophrenic Rumination on Mediator Values Beyond Self Determination and Neutrality

The author asserts that the exclusive reliance on the "Two Towers" of self-determination and neutrality as the foundation for mediation practice has inevitably left us with a process routinely characterized by mediator manipulation and deception. The "tricks" are tolerated by sophisticated repeat players, and absent transparency in practice, disturbingly not known to others. The evolution of mediation, from empowerment/community roots to corporate/court sustenance, is no surprise given the nation's journey through the Reagan revolution, the ideology of free markets, and the Supreme Court's unbridled support for freedom to contract in disputing. In short, mediation is at a crossroads needing to confront its mythology and find commitment to values beyond self-determination and neutrality.
Practical Measures for Institutional Program Reviews: A Case Study of a Small Post-Secondary Institution

Post-secondary institutions carry out cyclical program reviews (CPRs) to assess educational effectiveness. CPRs often use both qualitative and quantitative data analyses with the aim of improving teaching and learning. Though most of the CPR review studies identify various factors for this purpose, they fail to identify measures/indicators that are relevant and practical for the institutional decision-making process. Our main objectives for this article are two-fold: first, we identify and list variables that are measurable and sort them into clusters/groups that are relevant to all programs, and second, we critically assess the relevance of these indicators to program review in a small-sized, post-secondary institution.
BKLYN fashion academy: a case study of a public library program supporting fashion entrepreneurs

AbstractThis case study presents the planning and implementation of a public library program that supported aspiring fashion entrepreneurs. The program participants developed miniature collections ...
Black invisibility: reframing diasporic visual cultures and racial codes in Bahia

This article discusses Black invisibility to examine Afro-diasporic visual cultures that are grounded in Black people’s material conditions. As a conceptual and empirical tool, it turns to the Blac...
A Scalable Natural Language Processing for Inferring BT-RADS Categorization from Unstructured Brain Magnetic Resonance Reports

The aim of this study is to develop an automated classification method for Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) categories from unstructured and structured brain magnetic resonance imaging (MR) reports. This retrospective study included 1410 BT-RADS structured reports dated from January 2014 to December 2017 and a test set of 109 unstructured brain MR reports dated from January 2010 to December 2014. Text vector representations and semantic word embeddings were generated from individual report sections (i.e., "History," "Findings," etc.) using Tf-idf statistics and a fine-tuned word2vec model, respectively. Section-wise ensemble models were trained using gradient boosting (XGBoost), elastic net regularization, and random forests, and classification accuracy was evaluated on an independent test set of unstructured brain MR reports and a validation set of BT-RADS structured reports. Section-wise ensemble models using XGBoost and word2vec semantic word embeddings were more accurate than those using Tf-idf statistics when classifying unstructured reports, with an f1 score of 0.72. In contrast, models using traditional Tf-idf statistics outperformed the word2vec semantic approach for categorization from structured reports, with an f1 score of 0.98. Proposed natural language processing pipeline is capable of inferring BT-RADS report scores from unstructured reports after training on structured report data. Our study provides a detailed experimentation process and may provide guidance for the development of RADS-focused information extraction (IE) applications from structured and unstructured radiology reports.
A Self-Nulling Single-Layer Dual-Mode Microstrip Patch Antenna for Grating Lobe Reduction

A single-layer, dual-mode microstrip patch antenna with self-nulling patterns is proposed. The antenna consists of a circular microstrip patch antenna, surrounded by a shorted concentric ring patch, exciting the TM11 and TM21 modes, respectively. Adaptive radiation patterns with self-scanning and nulling capabilities are realized by concomitantly exciting these two modes. To attain the mode purity, four symmetrical arc slits, inspired by the surface current distribution of the TM21 mode, as well as two horizontal slits are placed in the ring patch. For the miniaturization purpose, the circular patch is loaded by three vertical slits. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed self-nulling dual-mode antenna, it is employed as an antenna element in a linear scanning array with element spacing greater than one-wavelength to reduce its unwanted grating lobes.
Antimicrobial Stewardship in Captive Monkeys

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat in veterinary medicine, and although there is an expanding body of literature of the AMR prevalence in food animal and companion animal populations, little data on AMR exists in primate veterinary medicine. The monkey-human interface is extensive, especially in biomedical research and zoos, and these monkeys are frequently infected with bacteria that can be transmitted between monkeys and humans. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant zoonotic bacteria has the potential to impact animal, human, and environmental health worldwide. Primate veterinarians frequently treat bidirectional zoonotic infections with antimicrobials classified as “critically important” by the World Health Organization, and such antimicrobial use (AMU) can influence AMR in humans and the environment. Consequently, medical primatologists have a public health obligation to use antimicrobials judiciously. Antimicrobial stewardship is especially important because the selective pressure of repeated AMU can promote the spread of AMR within and between monkeys and to humans with zoonotic transmission. Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs utilize a multi-modal approach involving a coordinated team with protocols for appropriate antimicrobial selection and practice and ongoing monitoring strategies for antimicrobial use, AMR, and patient outcomes. This multi-modal tactic is necessary to contest AMR on a One Health scale. Veterinarians are in a position to create comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs and reduce the threats of AMR on monkey and human health.
Design and Verification of a CVR Scheme for Distribution Systems with Photovoltaic Penetration

Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is widely adopted by utilities for energy savings through reducing the voltage level of the distribution system while maintaining the service voltage within standard voltage limits. However, an unexpected voltage violation can occur due to the intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) output. In this paper, a fast and adaptive voltage control algorithm is proposed based on the realtime measurement data from customers' smart meters to improve the CVR effect and prevent voltage violations. In particular, a Power Hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) test platform is set up to validate the proposed control algorithm. The test circuit and measurement data are from an actual LV residential feeder located on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve additional energy savings compared to a traditional CVR approach while maintaining the feeder voltages within acceptable limits.
Incorporating social values and wildlife habitats for biodiversity conservation modeling in landscapes of the Great Plains

Socioecological information should be properly employed in the process of spatial analysis, planning, and management in order to respond to complex and multidirectional biodiversity issues. We conducted this study to map socioecological hotspots, where landscapes of social significance and wildlife habitats overlap, show to what extent and how the spatial distribution of social values (SVs) of people toward their landscapes interact with wildlife habitats in socioecological hotspots, simulate the potential for habitat degradation as a result of human activities linked to SVs, identify strategic areas for landscape restoration in socioecological hotspots, where both environmental conditions and SVs support the persistence and colonization of wildlife, and detect specific areas, where SVs of people may be contradictive leading to land-use disputes. We developed a model to show the potential for habitat degradation based on the spatial distribution of SVs associated with landscapes. We restricted our study to the Upper Missouri River Basin (UMRB) and focused on habitats of five keystone mammal species to assess the validity of our model. Habitat loss, habitat subdivision, habitat dispersion, and habitat shrinkage can be four consequences of human activities for biodiversity in socioecological hotspots of the UMRB, however, the magnitude of impacts varies among landscapes and mammal species. Spatially explicit models to properly map SVs in relation to wildlife habitats are still associated with some uncertainties and limitations, and therefore, require further development. Change in SVs and public attitudes toward land use is essential to avoid further biodiversity loss in this region.
Abstract 5: Tenecteplase versus Alteplase Reduces Interfacility (Door-In-Door-Out) Transfer Times

Background: As a single bolus thrombolytic, tenecteplase (TNK) offers the prospect of reduced emergency department workflow times relative to alteplase (ALT), especially for inter-hospital transfer...
Case 24-2021: A 63-Year-Old Woman with Fever, Sore Throat, and Confusion.

A Woman with Fever, Sore Throat, and Confusion A 63-year-old woman with hypertension was admitted during the Covid-19 pandemic because of fever, headache, sore throat, and confusion. She also repor...
Nanoarrays of Individual Liposomes and Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles by Liftoff Nanocontact Printing.

Analytical characterization of small biological particles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is complicated by their extreme heterogeneity in size, lipid, membrane protein, and cargo composition. Analysis of individual particles is essential for illuminating particle property distributions that are obscured by ensemble measurements. To enable high-throughput analysis of individual particles, liftoff nanocontact printing (LNCP) is used to define hexagonal antibody and toxin arrays that have a 425 nm dot size, on average, and 700 nm periodicity. The LNCP process is rapid, simple, and does not require access to specialized nanofabrication tools. These densely packed, highly ordered arrays are used to capture liposomes and bacterial outer membrane vesicles on the basis of their surface biomarkers, with a maximum of one particle per array dot, resulting in densely packed arrays of particles. Despite the high particle density, the underlying antibody or toxin array ensured that neighboring individual particles are optically resolvable. Provided target particle biomarkers and suitable capture molecules are identified, this approach can be used to generate high density arrays of a wide variety of small biological particles, including other types of EVs like exosomes.
The Rise of U.S. Food Sustainability Litigation

This article provides one of the first critical looks at the interface between the values of the sustainable food movement and its rising use of litigation. In particular, it focuses on two growing areas of food sustainability litigation "challenges to CAFOs and challenges to the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the food system" chosen because they involve growing sectors of U.S. agriculture over which members of the sustainable food movement have raised significant concerns. The article begins by describing the sustainable food movement, including how the movement fits in with factors that sociologists use to characterize social movements, as well as the values seemingly held by the sustainable food movement. The article next provides a brief introduction into CAFOs and GMOs. In doing so, the article explores the types of concerns expressed by the sustainable food movement regarding these issues by examining some popular literature coming out of the sustainable food movement. The article then analyzes CAFO and GMO litigation in the United States arising from the sustainable food movement. In examining this litigation, the article observes how these challenges relate to some of the purported goals of the various sustainable food movements, yet may not fully succeed in advancing some of the broader visions of the movements. The article then explains that the inadequacy of these legal efforts result from particular ways in which existing legal avenues fail to mesh with the values of the food sustainability movements. This article concludes by drawing from studies of other historical movements and argues that the food sustainability movement, if it is to succeed in transforming the U.S. food system, must seek reform not only through substantive changes to agricultural and food policy, but also through the creation of additional legal avenues for its values to be meaningfully expressed.
Rectihability of the Singular Set

In this chapter we establish rectifiability results for the singular set sing u of energy minimizing maps.
Crystal structure of cis-anti-cis-di­cyclo­hexane-18-crown-6 aceto­nitrile disolvate

The title compound (systematic name: cis-anti-cis-2,5,8,15,18,21-hexa-oxatri-cyclo-[20.4.0.0(9,14)]hexa-cosane aceto-nitrile disolvate), C20H36O6·2CH3CN, crystallizes from an aceto-nitrile solution of di-cyclo-hexane-18-crown-6 on evaporation. The mol-ecule is arranged around a center of symmetry with half the crown ether mol-ecule and one mol-ecule of aceto-nitrile symmetry independent. All O-C-C-O torsion angles are gauche while all C-O-C-C angles are trans. The sequence of torsion angles is [(tg(+)t)(tg(-)t)]3; the geometry of oxygen atoms is close to pseudo-D 3d with three atoms below and three atoms above the mean plane, with an average deviation of ±0.16 (1) A from the mean plane. This geometry is identical to that observed in metal ion complexes of di-cyclo-hexane-18-crown-6 but differs significantly from the conformation of a free unsolvated mol-ecule. Each aceto-nitrile mol-ecule connects to a crown ether mol-ecule via two of its methyl group H atoms (C-H⋯O). Weaker inter-actions exist between the third H atom of the aceto-nitrile methyl group and an O atom of a neighbouring crown ether mol-ecule (C-H⋯O); and between the N atom of the aceto-nitrile mol-ecule and a H atom of another neighbouring crown ether mol-ecule. All these inter-molecular inter-actions create a three-dimensional network stabilizing the disolvate.
The (Far) Backstory of the U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement

In two pairs of episodes, first in 1824 and 1846 and then in 1892 and 1935, similar U.S.- Colombia trade agreements or their enabling laws were embraced first by protectionists and then by free traders. The history of the episodes supports the view that although political institutions exist to curb de facto political power, such power may be wielded to undo the institutions’ intended effects. The doctrinal affinities and interests of political actors are more decisive determinants of the free-trade or protectionist orientation of trade agreements than the agreements’ texts or legal superstructures. The long delay from signing to passage of the current U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement is another case in point.
Chapter 4 Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens and modified blood group antigens

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the present knowledge of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA's). It also discusses the pathobiological and functional significance of TACA's. A large number of monoclonal antibody (mAbs) showed distinctive reactivity with tumor cells but not with normal cells were found to be directed to carbohydrate antigens. On this basis, the classical concept of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA's) was revived. A ganglio-series TACA, fucosyl-GM1, is accumulated in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Various anti-fucosyl-GM1 mAb's have been used for detection of this antigen in SCLC. The antigen has been detected in serum of patients with SCLC, but not those with other types of lung cancer. The presence of fucosyl-GM1 may be related to the characterization of SCLC as a neuroendocrine tumor, based on the presence of neuroendocrine differentiation markers and neurosecretory granules in tumors. The only clear example of a globo-series TACA is Burkitt lymphoma antigen (BLA).
Sex Differences in the Incidence of Severe Pain Events Following Surgery: A Review of 333,000 Pain Scores

Objective/Background Prior work has not addressed sex differences in the incidence of severe postoperative pain episodes. The goal of this study was to examine sex differences in clinical postoperative pain scores across an array of surgical procedures using direct comparisons of numeric rating scale pain scores as well as using the incidence of severe pain events (SPEs). Design/Setting Retrospective cohort study of over 300,000 clinical pain score observations recorded from adult patients undergoing nonambulatory surgery at a tertiary care academic medical center over a 1-year period. Methods/Patients To test the hypothesis that the number of SPE on postoperative day (POD) 1 differed by sex after controlling for procedure, we calculated Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics of sex by count of SPE, controlling for type of surgery. Assessment Tools/Outcomes Pain scores were collected from clinical nursing records where they were documented using the numeric rating scale. Results In female patients, 10,989 (25.09%) of 43,806 POD 1 pain scores were considered SPE compared with 10,786 (22.45%) of 48,055 POD 1 pain scores in male patients. This produced an overall odds ratio of 1.16 (99% confidence interval 1.11–1.20) for females vs males to report an SPE for a pain score on POD 1. Estimates of the odds that a given pain observation represents an SPE for female vs male patients after controlling for type of surgery yielded an odds ratio of 1.14 (99% confidence interval, 1.10–1.19). Conclusion Female patients experience greater mean pain scores, as well as a higher incidence of SPE, on POD 1 for a variety of surgical procedures.
Effects of the Mexican Apple Tariff on the World Apple Market

In response to the USA blocking Mexican trucks from traveling to the inland part of the USA, Mexico imposed tariffs on US fresh apple exports. This study analyzes the impacts of the Mexican tariff on USA, Mexican and world apple markets by using theoretical analysis and developing a spatial equilibrium trade model. The results show that this tariff increases apple prices in Mexico, to the benefit of Mexican producers but harming Mexican consumers. Even though Mexico collects revenues from its tariff, the overall welfare impact is negative because consumers' loss outweighs producers' gain and tariff revenues. Since the USA exports less to Mexico, its prices and production decline, but consumption increases. To mitigate the export market loss to Mexico, the USA redirects its exports to other importing countries, displacing other apple exporting countries' trade with these importing countries.
Molecular blood typing augments serologic testing and allows for enhanced matching of red blood cells for transfusion in patients with sickle cell disease.

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have dissimilar red blood cell (RBC) phenotypes compared to the primarily Caucasian blood donor base due, in part, to underlying complex Rh and silenced Duffy expression. Gene array-based technology offers high-throughput antigen typing of blood donors and can identify patients with altered genotypes. The purpose of the study was to ascertain if RBC components drawn from predominantly Caucasian donors could provide highly antigen-matched products for molecularly typed SCD patients. Study design and methods SCD patients were genotyped by a molecular array (HEA Beadchip, BioArray Solutions). The extended antigen phenotype (C, c, E, e, K, k, Jk(a) , Jk(b) , Fy(a) , Fy(b) , S, s) was used to query the inventory using different matching algorithms; the resulting number of products was recorded. Results A mean of 96.2 RBC products was available for each patient at basic-level, 34 at mid-level, and 16.3 at high-level stringency. The number of negative antigens correlated negatively with the number of available products. The Duffy silencing mutation in the promoter region (67T>C) (GATA) was found in 96.5% of patients. Allowing Fy(b+) products for patients with GATA increased the number of available products by up to 180%, although it does not ensure prevention of Duffy antibodies in all patients. Conclusions This feasibility study provides evidence that centers with primarily Caucasian donors may be able to provide highly antigen-matched products. Knowledge of the GATA status expands the inventory of antigen-matched products. Further work is needed to determine the most clinically appropriate match level for SCD patients.