cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Interactive Online Approach to Teaching Evidence-Based Dentistry with Web 2.0 Technology

At many dental schools, evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is taught in a traditional lecture format. To avoid the constraints of lectures, in 2012 the EBD unit was redesigned for online delivery at the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry at the University of the Pacific with a Web 2.0 tool called Voicethread. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Voicethread-based online learning on students' perceptions of learning EBD, their participation and engagement, and their acceptance of this new online delivery approach. Students' perceptions were collected from two sources: a self-assessment quiz and a question on their self-reported preparedness in EBD from the 2014 American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Survey of Dental School Seniors. The Voicethread analytics tool provided data on students' participation and engagement. Students' responses to the survey questions on the self-assessment quiz provided data on their acceptance of Voicethread-based learning. The average score of the 124 students (91% of total) taking the quiz was 7.3 out of 8. The percentage of students who reported in the 2014 ADEA survey that they were "well prepared" in EBD was 45.2%, compared with the national average of 31.2%. Responses to this question for the Classes of 2013 and 2015, who received instruction in the traditional lecture format, were 35.2% and 34.6%, respectively. With Voicethread, students actively participated and interacted with their peers through questions and answers. They perceived Voicethread to be more effective than other delivery approaches and reported that it made learning more active and engaging. These findings suggest that Voicethread may be an effective tool for students to learn EBD since it adds interactivity to online learning.
Previous crop and rotation history effects on maize seedling health and associated rhizosphere microbiome

To evaluate crop rotation effects on maize seedling performance and its associated microbiome, maize plants were grown in the greenhouse in soils preceded by either maize, pea, soybean or sunflower. Soils originated from a replicated field experiment evaluating different four-year rotation combinations. In the greenhouse, a stressor was introduced by soil infestation with western corn rootworm (WCR) or Fusarium graminearum. Under non-infested conditions, maize seedlings grown in soils preceded by sunflower or pea had greater vigor. Stress with WCR or F. graminearum resulted in significant root damage. WCR root damage was equivalent for seedlings regardless of soil provenance; whereas F. graminearum root damage was significantly lower in maize grown in soils preceded by sunflower. Infestation with WCR affected specific microbial taxa (Acinetobacter, Smaragdicoccus, Aeromicrobium, Actinomucor). Similarly, F. graminearum affected fungal endophytes including Trichoderma and Endogone. In contrast to the biological stressors, rotation sequence had a greater effect on rhizosphere microbiome composition, with larger effects observed for fungi compared to bacteria. In particular, relative abundance of Glomeromycota was significantly higher in soils preceded by sunflower or maize. Defining the microbial players involved in crop rotational effects in maize will promote selection and adoption of favorable crop rotation sequences.
Anthropology Now and Then in the American Museum of Natural History: An Alternative Museum

You know how they say in certain museums, history comes alive?Yeah.In this museum … it actually does.What are you talking about?Everything in this museum comes to life at night.Night at the Museum,...
Fungal Secretome Analysis via PepSAVI-MS: Identification of the Bioactive Peptide KP4 from Ustilago maydis

Fungal secondary metabolites represent a rich and largely untapped source for bioactive molecules, including peptides with substantial structural diversity and pharmacological potential. As methods proceed to take a deep dive into fungal genomes, complimentary methods to identify bioactive components are required to keep pace with the expanding fungal repertoire. We developed PepSAVI-MS to expedite the search for natural product bioactive peptides and herein demonstrate proof-of-principle applicability of the pipeline for the discovery of bioactive peptides from fungal secretomes via identification of the antifungal killer toxin KP4 from Ustilago maydis P4. This work opens the door to investigating microbial secretomes with a new lens, and could have broad applications across human health, agriculture, and food safety.
Case 94: Patient’s Toes Suddenly Become White During a Lower Limb Operation

A 30-year-old man (70 Kg, 5′11’, ASA 1 E) is admitted to the hospital as an emergency at 8 p.m. You see the patient in the preoperative holding area. He is scheduled for excision of an infected sinus in his left lower tibia. He has not eaten for 8 h and his vital signs are within normal limits. He refuses a regional block and requests a general anesthetic. Previous anesthetic for an orthopedic procedure on his left tibia was uneventful.
Análisis del proceso de cultivo y rehabilitación de cacao en un resguardo indígena para implementar los principios de biocomercio

The article gathered the principal factors studied and evaluated by the author to analyze the cocoa production process carried out by the indigenous of Motilon-Bari indigenous reservation, in light of the seven principles of Bio Trade, aimed at helping this communities with conservation practices and sustainable use in their agricultural practices. Each of the seven principles was studied, identifying the way used to promote the biodiversity conservation through its sustainable commercial use and assessing the contribution to obtain food and incomes for the small producers located at that poverty area.
Introduction: Maimed Rights in Shakespeare’s England

This chapter argues that contrary to traditional approaches to Shakespeare and the Middle Ages, the playwright did not reject the medieval past in favor of a “progressive” Protestant present but—to the contrary—embraced and drew upon medieval Catholic culture in order to critique the oppressive Protestant hegemony in the last full decade of Elizabeth I’s reign and the early part of the reign of James I. It proposes that—regardless of whether he was Catholic or Protestant—Shakespeare was an ecumenical writer in an age of political and religious polarization and intolerance.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT FOR INSECT RESISTANCE OF FOREST TREES IN WESTERN UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT A brief review of past and current research, preponderantly related to bark beetles but also listing work on resistance to other insects.
Spectra and structure of organophosphorus compounds: XIII. Microwave, raman and infrared spectra of CH3POF2

Abstract The microwave spectrum of methylphosphonic difluoride, CH3POF2 has been investigated in the region between 18.5 and 40.0 GHz. R-branch assignments have been made for the ground and two excited vibrational states for the a-type transitions. The rotational constants were found to be A = 4495.52 ± 0.04, B = 4271.84 ± 0.03 and C = 4125.93 ± 0.03 MHz The values of the dipole moment components were obtained from Stark splittings to be: ¦μa¦ = 3.4 ± 0.2; ¦μc¦ = 0.4 ± 0.5; and ¦μt¦ = 3.62 ± 0.2 D. The Raman spectra of CH3POF2 have been recorded in both the gas and solid phases and vibrational assignments are proposed for the fundamentals. The overtone and fundamental of the methyl torsion were observed in the Raman and IR spectra, respectively. The observed splitting from the microwave spectra of vibrationally excited states of the torsion led to the calculation of the barrier to internal rotation of 3.58 ± 0.04 kcal mol−1. This value is consistent with the torsional frequencies observed in the vibrational spectrum. This barrier value is compared to similar quantities in related molecules.
Spinal Radiosurgery: Delayed Radiation-Induced Myelopathy

Spinal cord dose parameters to minimize the risk of radiation myelopathy are relatively well-defined in the conventionally fractionated setting, but remain controversial for the high dose-per-fraction, partial-cord dosimetry encountered in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Myelopathy has been only rarely described in the setting of SRS, and a variety of suggested dose constraints exist in the literature, ranging from a maximum cord dose (cord Dmax) of 10 to 14 Gy or a partial volume tolerance of 10 Gy (V10) to 10% of the contoured cord. Ever-improving attempts at normal tissue complication probability (NCTP) modeling permit estimation of the potential toxicity of high dose-per-fraction regimens, while animal models provide additional insights on a partial cord volume tolerance model for radiation myelopathy and suggest regional differences in radiation sensitivity across the spinal cord. The literature to date contains only ten reported cases of SRS-induced myelopathy; however, with increasing use of SRS for both benign and metastatic lesions of the spine, refining our understanding of the tolerance of the human spinal cord to hypofractionated dosimetry remains crucial.
Pilot Study Assessing the Impact of Bereavement Support on Families of Deceased Intensive Care Unit Patients

Background Family members of patients who die in an intensive care unit (ICU) may experience negative outcomes. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of bereavement care for families. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of bereavement follow-up on family members' anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, prolonged grief, and satisfaction with care. Methods A cross-sectional, prospective pilot study of 40 family members of patients who died in 2 tertiary care ICUs. Those in the medical-surgical ICU received bereavement follow-up (bereavement group); those in the cardiac ICU received standard care (nonbereavement group). Both groups completed surveys 13 months after the death. Surveys included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Family Satisfaction With Care in the Intensive Care Unit, Prolonged Grief Disorder, and a bereavement survey. Results Of 30 family members in the bereavement group and 10 in the nonbereavement group, most were female and spouses, with a mean (SD) age of 60.1 (13.3) years. Significantly more participants in the nonbereavement group than in the bereavement group had prolonged grief. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with care were not significantly different in the 2 groups. However, overall posttraumatic stress scores were higher in the nonbereavement group than the bereavement group, indicating a higher risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusions Bereavement follow-up after an ICU death reduced family members' prolonged grief and may also reduce their risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. This type of support did not have a measurable effect on depression or satisfaction with ICU care.
Fatou Components for Conservative Holomorphic Surface Automorphisms

We consider holomorphic maps of surfaces of complex dimension two. Such a map is said to be conservative if it preserves volume. We discuss the properties of these maps and present a number of open problems.
Adolescents' Neural Response to Tobacco Prevention Messages and Sharing Engagement.

Introduction Interpersonal communication can reinforce media effects on health behavior. Recent studies have shown that brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex during message exposure can predict message-consistent behavior change. Key next steps include examining the relationship between neural responses to ads and measures of interpersonal message retransmission that can be collected at scale. Methods Neuroimaging, self-report, and automated linguistic measures were utilized to investigate the relationships between neural responses to tobacco prevention messages, sharing engagement, and smoking-relevant belief changes. Thirty-seven adolescent nonsmokers viewed 12 ads from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's “The Real Cost” campaign during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan session (2015–2016). Data were analyzed between 2016 and 2017. The extent that participants talked in detail about the main message of the ads, or sharing engagement, was measured through transcripts of participants’ subsequent verbal descriptions using automated linguistic coding. Beliefs about the consequences of smoking were measured before and after the main experiment using surveys. Results Increased brain activation in self- and value-related subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex during message exposure was associated with subsequent sharing engagement when participants verbally talked about the ads. In addition, sharing engagement was significantly associated with changes in participants’ beliefs about the social consequences of smoking. Conclusions Neural activity in self- and value-related subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex during exposure to “The Real Cost” campaign was associated with subsequent sharing engagement, which in turn was related to social belief change. These results provide new insights into the link between neurocognitive responses to ads, the content of interpersonal sharing, and downstream health-relevant outcomes. Supplement information This article is part of a supplement entitled Fifth Anniversary Retrospective of “The Real Cost,” the Food and Drug Administration's Historic Youth Smoking Prevention Media Campaign, which is sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Proceedings of the 2017 on Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

These proceedings contain the papers selected for inclusion in the program for the sixteenth ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES 2017), held in conjunction with the 24th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 2017) on October 30, 2017 in Dallas, TX, USA. In response to the workshop's call for papers, 56 submissions were made. These papers were evaluated by a Program Committee comprised of 37 researchers whose backgrounds include a diverse array of topics related to privacy. Each paper was reviewed by at least three members of the Program Committee on the basis of its significance, novelty, technical quality, and potential to stimulate interesting discussions amongst attendees at the workshop. After a period of active electronic discussion, the program committee finally selected 14 full papers and 4 short papers for presentation at WPES, leading to a full paper acceptance rate of 25%.
Soil Microbial Biomass and Fungi Reduced with Canola Introduced into Long-Term Monoculture Wheat Rotations

With increasing canola (Brassica napus L.) acreage in the Inland Pacific Northwest of the USA, we investigated the effect of this relatively new rotational crop on soil microbial communities and the performance of subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. In a 6-yr on-farm canola-wheat rotation study conducted near Davenport, WA, grain yields of spring wheat (SW) following winter canola (WC) were reduced an average of 17% compared to SW yields following winter wheat (WW). Using soil samples collected and analyzed every year from that study, the objective of this research was to determine the differences and similarities in the soil microbial communities associated with WC and WW, and if those differences were associated with SW yield response. Microbial biomass and community composition were determined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). The WC associated microbial community contained significantly less fungi, mycorrhizae, and total microbial biomass than WW. Additionally, reduced fungal and mycorrhizal abundance in SW following WC suggests that the canola rotation effect can persist. A biocidal secondary metabolite of canola, isothiocyanate, may be a potential mechanism mediating the decline in soil microbial biomass. These results demonstrate the relationship between soil microbial community composition and crop productivity. Our data suggest that WC can have significant effects on soil microbial communities that ultimately drive microbially-mediated soil processes.
Population Structure and Dynamics of Helminthic Infection: Schistosomiasis.

While disease and outbreaks are mainly clonal for bacteria and other asexually reproducing organisms, sexual reproduction in schistosomes and other helminths usually results in unique individuals. For sexually reproducing organisms, the traits conserved in clones will instead be conserved in the group of organisms that tends to breed together, the population. While the same tools are applied to characterize DNA, how results are interpreted can be quite different at times (see another article in this collection, http://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.AME-0002-2018). It is difficult to know what the real effect any control program has on the parasite population without assessing the health of this population, how they respond to the control measure, and how they recover, if they do. This review, part of the Microbiology Spectrum Curated Collection: Advances in Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, concentrates on one approach using pooled samples to study schistosome populations and shows how this and other approaches have contributed to our understanding of this parasite family’s biology and epidemiology. *This article is part of a curated collection.
Well-being and the Capability Approach: Reflections on Robeyns

Ingrid Robeyns’s recent book, Wellbeing, Freedom, and Social Justice (2017) gives an invaluable and lucid overview of the range of work being done with the concepts of capabilities and functionings...
Operationalizing Drinking Identity from A Developmental Perspective: The Drinking Identity Management Scale (DIMS)

The risk for alcohol misuse among emerging adults can increase by the development of a maladaptive identity structure. Recent research has shown that drinking identity serves as a risk factor for h...
Duration and clinical features of cardiac arrest predict early severe cerebral edema

Abstract Background Severe brain edema appears early after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a subset of patients and portends a poor prognosis. We tested whether clinical features of patients or resuscitation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are associated with early, severe cerebral edema. Method/research design We reviewed pre-hospital and hospital records for comatose patients surviving to hospital admission after OHCA who had computed tomography (CT) of brain at the time of hospital admission available for inspection. We measured the gray-white ratio (GWR) of X-ray attenuation between the caudate nucleus and posterior limb of the internal capsule, defining severe cerebral edema as GWR Results Between 2010 and 2019, 1340 subjects were admitted of whom 296 (22%) showed severe cerebral edema on initial CT. Subjects with severe edema had lower survival (5/296, 2% vs. 377/1044, 36%). Severe edema was independently associated with total CPR duration, total dose of epinephrine, younger age, non-shockable arrest rhythms, fewer total number of rescue shocks, rearrest after initial return of pulses, and non-cardiac arrest etiology. Prevalence of severe cerebral edema increased from 2% among subjects with 0–10 min of CPR to 31% among subjects with >40 min of CPR. Conclusion CPR duration along with easily measurable clinical and resuscitation characteristics predict early severe cerebral edema after OHCA. Future interventional trials should consider targeting or preventing cerebral edema after prolonged hypoxic-ischemic brain injury especially in patients with high risk clinical features.
[11C]Methionine and [11C]PBR28 as PET Imaging Tracers to Differentiate Metastatic Tumor Recurrence or Radiation Necrosis.

Purpose:As stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immunotherapy are increasingly used to treat brain metastases, incidence of radiation necrosis (RN) is consequently rising. Differentiating tumor regr...
QCD AT NONZERO TEMPERATURE: BULK PROPERTIES AND HEAVY QUARKS

We review recent progress in lattice QCD at nonzero temperature with emphasis on the calculations of equation of state and the properties of heavy quark–anti-quark pairs at high temperatures. We also briefly discuss the deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoring aspects of the QCD transition at finite temperature.
Calibration of a Static Stiffness Reference

We demonstrate the calibration of a static stiffness reference by measuring the deflection of the sensor under the load of a calibrated mass. This method produces repeatable results and traceability to the kilogram.
Covid-19 and the Investigator Pipeline.

Covid-19 and the Investigator Pipeline The speed, depth, and breadth of the response to Covid-19 by the biomedical research community has been unprecedented. But the pandemic is dismantling the pip...
Principals may inflate teacher evaluation scores to achieve important goals

A concerning attribute of teacher evaluations across countries is the systemic leniency of principals during classroom observations. However, little is known about the motivations behind this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore the motivating factors behind principals’ leniency in an authentic teacher evaluation system. In this study, we apply an explanatory-sequential mixed-method design. Using focus groups (qualitative strand; n = 15 principals) and a state-wide survey (quantitative strand; n = 364 principals), we apply goal theory to investigate influences on principals’ ratings in a Midwestern state in the USA. Results suggest that multiple goals may drive principals during observations. These include the following: (1) providing accurate ratings and feedback to teachers, (2) keeping teachers open to growth-promoting feedback, (3) supporting teachers’ morale and fostering positive relationships, (4) avoiding difficult conversations, (5) managing limited time wisely, and (6) maintaining self-efficacy as an instructional leader. Implications are that principals hold beneficial goals that may compete with accuracy when evaluating teachers, and that contextual differences in evaluation systems may influence the way principals act upon these goals. When responding to systemic leniency in teacher evaluations, solutions should increase accuracy in ways that minimally interfere with principals’ other beneficial goals.
Modeling Real Estate Dynamics Using Temporal Encoding

Deep learning has assisted modern life in various ways. One example is that accurate economic prediction helps people better allocate and distribute their resources. In the U.S., home prices have been accelerating during the COVID-19 pandemic and climbed 13.3% in March 2021 from the previous year. Real estate market prediction is critical for home buyers and investors to make wise decisions. In some circumstances, accurate predictions on home prices are more important than usual in helping decision-makers to reduce financial mistakes. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale real estate-related dataset for the value prediction task. It consists of numerical real estate price history data from Zillow1 and survey data from Census Bureau public dataset. Our goal is to utilize data from different levels to model the real-estate dynamics with temporal and non-temporal data. We propose to embed sequential temporal features using a transformer and combine them with non-temporal features for subsequent prediction tasks, and evaluate using a different number of classes L ϵ {2, 3, 4, 5}. As an example, when L = 2, we have achieved 93.5% accuracy with our proposed model, and when L = 3, our proposed model has achieved 90.1% prediction accuracy. The results suggest that the proposed model overall outperforms all the baseline models.
Case 44: Plagiarism

You have just completed a clinical study with a resident. You ask him to write the first draft. He finishes the draft and hands it to you after 2 weeks. You read it through, but are concerned that there are parts, both in the methodology and the discussion, which you think are plagiarized from previous texts. You check and discover that you are correct.
Abnormal behavior and associated risk factors in captive baboons (Papio hamadryas spp.).

Abnormal behavior, ranging from motor stereotypies to self-injurious behavior, has been documented in captive nonhuman primates, with risk factors including nursery rearing, single housing, and veterinary procedures. Much of this research has focused on macaque monkeys; less is known about the extent of and risk factors for abnormal behavior in baboons. Because abnormal behavior can be indicative of poor welfare, either past or present, the purpose of this study was to survey the presence of abnormal behavior in captive baboons and to identify potential risk factors for these behaviors with an aim of prevention. Subjects were 144 baboons (119 females, 25 males) aged 3–29 (median = 9.18) years temporarily singly housed for research or clinical reasons. A 15-minute focal observation was conducted on each subject using the Noldus Observer® program. Abnormal behavior was observed in 26% of the subjects, with motor stereotypy (e.g., pace, rock, swing) being the most common. Motor stereotypy was negatively associated with age when first singly housed (p < 0.005) while self-directed behavior (e.g., hair pull, self-bite) was positively associated with the lifetime number of days singly housed (p < 0.05) and the average number of blood draws per year (p < 0.05). In addition, abnormal appetitive behavior was associated with being male (p < 0.05). Although the baboons in this study exhibited relatively low levels of abnormal behavior, the risk factors for these behaviors (e.g., social restriction, routine veterinary procedures, and sex) appear to remain consistent across primate species.
What Is Authentication

I thought that this will probably be a free for all anyway, but at least I should try to pretend that I’ve addressed the particular themes of the workshop. I’m going to twist it because obviously I want to talk about what I want to talk about, and not a topic set by someone else.
Youth employment policy in developing and transition countries - prevention as well as cure

The structure of the paper is as follows. Section A proposes that the starting point for policy discussion should be the employment problems of those young people in developing and transition countries who are at the greatest disadvantage, rather than merely those who are unemployed. In section B, as a framework for policy formulation, it is suggested that the position and potential in the labor market of the disadvantaged young depends partly on the strength and dynamism of the demand for labor in general and partly on the extent to which they are able to integrate into economic processes so that, when the demand for labor increases, they can take advantage of the greater scope for improving the quality and quantity of their employment. Section C (the longest section) reviews the youth employment policies and programs that have been implemented in developing and transition countries, with headings derived from the analytical framework of section B: 1. increasing the demand for labor in general in relation to supply; 2. increasing the integrability of the disadvantaged young by: (a) remedying or counteracting market failure, including; i) labor market failure; ii) credit market failure; iii) location-related market failure; and iv) training systems failure; (b) optimizing labor market regulations; (c) improving the skills of disadvantaged youth, including i) literacy and numeracy; ii) vocational skills. Section D briefly outlines the policy measures needed to deal with the problem of educated unemployment - not the fundamental youth employment problem but one which is of understandable concern to governments. Section E sets out the key data needs for diagnosis and monitoring of the employment problems of disadvantaged youth, including a minimum format of data that should be routinely available. Finally, in Section F, the threads of the policy discussion are pulled together into a set of policies that can help to prevent the emergence of employment problems among the disadvantaged young in developing and transition countries.
East Germany and Detente: BUILDING AUTHORITY: 1962–1966

The securing of the GDR's borders against West Berlin and the FRG was a decisive precondition for carrying on the construction of socialism without the direct economic and political intrusion of imperialism. This began a stage in which the economic foundations and social relationships of the GDR were secured. Geschichte der SED (1978) LIVING WITH THE WALL As the miles of concrete and barbed wire were finally molded into place along West Berlin's perimeter, it was only natural that Walter Ulbricht and the SED should have spoken as though their country had just won a decisive victory over its adversaries. By all accounts, the Berlin Wall proved to be an effective East German fait accompli, and for the first time ever, Ulbricht's Party regime found itself assured the workforce that it needed to stabilize the GDR's troubled economy. The Wall ‘clarified’ the options of the East German population practically to the point of eliminating them entirely. But was it really the case that this ambiguous tribute to East German sovereignty could be counted upon to solve the social and political ills that had tormented the SED since its accession to power? In this matter, it is helpful to remind ourselves just how deep the sources of these dilemmas lay. For beyond the fact that Ulbricht's regime lacked the legitimacy necessary to govern the GDR effectively, there was still a sense in which East Germany was something markedly less than the state its leaders wished it to be.
Microtubules in the Cerebral Cortex: Role in Memory and Consciousness

This chapter raises the question whether synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex are adequate in accounting for higher cognition, especially cognition involving multimodal processing. A recent and novel approach to brain mechanics is outlined, one that involves microtubules and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). In addition to effects on the neuronal membrane, neurotransmitters exert actions on microtubules. These neurotransmitter effects alter the MAP2 phosphorylation state and rates of microtubule polymerization and transport. It is argued that these processes are important to the physical basis of memory and consciousness. In support of this argument, MAP2 is degraded with learning in discrete cortical modules. How this relates to synaptic change related to learning is unknown. The specific proposal is advanced that learning alters microtubules in the subsynaptic zone lying beneath the synapse, and that this forms the physical basis of long-term memory storage because microtubule networks determine the synapse strength by directing contacts with actin filaments and transport of synaptic proteins. It is argued that this is more probable than memory-related physical storage in the synapse itself. Comparisons to consciousness are made and it is concluded that there is a link between microtubules, memory and consciousness.
Rubidium isotope effect in superconducting Rb3C60

We have measured the resistive supercondeucting transition temperature in ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ single crystals intercalated with isotopically pure $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ and with natural abundance rubidium. We obtain a rubidium isotope effect exponent of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{Rb}}$=-0.028\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.036, a result which implies that the Rb-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ optic phonons play at most a minor role in the pairing mechanism of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$.
Thermal Damage and Rail Load Stresses in a 33-Inch Railroad Car Wheel

Stresses in a 33-inch (.840 m) railroad car wheel in response to static rail loadings are presented on the basis of experimental work and theoretical predictions. In regions away from the contact area, the theoretical predictions are verified by experiment. The rail load stresses are compared to theoretically damaging thermal loads, and a possible method of analysis of fatigue damage from the combined loading is discussed.
Characterization of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor of fetal rat epiphyseal chondrocytes.

Abstract The cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor of 21st gestational day rat epiphyseal chondrocytes has been evaluated. The receptor, a single class of glucocorticoid binding component approached saturation, utilizing [ 3 H]triamcinolone acetonide ([ 3 H]TA) as the radiolabeled ligand, at approximately 1.8–2.0 × 10 −8 M. The dissociation constant ( K d ) reflected high-affinity binding, equaling 4.0 ± 1.43 × −9 M (n=7) for [ 3 H]TA. The concentration of receptor estimated from Scatchard analysis was approximately 250 fmol/mg cytosolic protein and when calculated on a sites/cell basis equalled 5800 sites/cell. The relative binding affinities of steroid for receptor were found to be triamcinolone acetonide > corticosterone > hydrocortisone > progesterone > medroxyprogesterone acetate > 17α-hydroxy progesterone > testosterone > 17β-estradiol. Cytosolic preparations activated in vitro by warming (25°C for 20 min) were shown to exhibit an increased affinity for DNA-cellulose. 46% of the total specifically bound activated ligand-receptor complex was bound to DNA-cellulose. Cytosol maintained at 0–4°C in the presence of 10 mM molybdate or activated in vitro in the presence of molybdate, bound to DNA-cellulose at 8 and 10% respectively. DEAE-Sephadex elution profiles of the nonactivated receptor were indicative of a single binding moiety which eluted from the columns at 0.4 M KCl. Elution profiles of activated receptor were suggestive of an activation induced receptor lability. The 0.4 M KCl peak was diminished, while a concomitant increase in the 0.2 M KCl peak was only modestly discernible. Evaluation of endogenous proteolytic activity in chrondrocyte cytosol using [methyl- 14 C]casein as substrate show a temperature-dependent proteolytic activity with a pH optimum of 5.9–6.65. The proteolytic activity was susceptible to heat inactivation and was inhibitable, by 20 mM EDTA. The sedimentation coefficient of the nonactivated receptor was 9.3 s ( n = 6) on sucrose density gradients and exhibited steroid specificity and a resistance to activation induced molecular alterations when incubated in the presence of 10 mM molybdate. Receptor activation in vitro , in the absence of molybdate induced an increased receptor susceptibility to proteolytic attack and/or enhanced ligand receptor dissociation as evidenced by a diminution of the 9.3 s binding form without a concomitant increase in 5 s or 3 s receptor fragments.
Existence theory of abstract approximate deconvolution models of turbulence

This report studies an abstract approach to modeling the motion of large eddies in a turbulent flow. If the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) are averaged with a local, spatial convolution type filter, $$\overline{\bf \phi} = g_{\delta}\,*\,{\bf \phi}$$ , the resulting system is not closed due to the filtered nonlinear term $$\overline{\bf uu}$$ . An approximate deconvolution operator D is a bounded linear operator which is an approximate filter inverse $$D(\overline{\bf u}) = {\rm approximation\,of}\, {\bf u}.$$ Using this general deconvolution operator yields the closure approximation to the filtered nonlinear term in the NSE $$\overline{\bf uu} \simeq \overline{D(\overline{\bf u})D(\overline{\bf u})}.$$ Averaging the Navier-Stokes equations using the above closure, possible including a time relaxation term to damp unresolved scales, yields the approximate deconvolution model (ADM) $${\bf w}_{t} + \nabla \cdot \overline{D({\bf w})\,D({\bf w})} - \nu \triangle{\bf w}+\nabla q + \chi {\bf w}^* = \overline{\bf f} \quad {\rm and} \quad \nabla \cdot {\bf w} = 0.$$ Here $${\bf w} \simeq \overline{\bf u}$$ , χ ≥ 0, and w * is a generalized fluctuation, defined by a positive semi-definite operator. We derive conditions on the general deconvolution operator D that guarantee the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of the model. We also derive the model’s energy balance.
Secure information flow with random assignment and encryption

Type systems for secure information flow aim to prevent a program from leaking information from variables classified as $H$ to variables classified as $L$. In this work we extend such a type system to address encryption and decryption; our intuition is that encrypting a $H$ plaintext yields a $L$ ciphertext. We argue that well-typed, polynomial-time programs in our system satisfy a computational probabilistic noninterference property, provided that the encryption scheme is IND-CCA secure. As a part of our proof, we first consider secure information flow in a language with a random assignment operator (but no encryption). We establish a result that may be of independent interest, namely, that well-typed, probabilistically total programs with random assignments satisfy probabilistic noninterference. We establish this result using a weak probabilistic bisimulation.
Growth Dynamics and Exciton Localization in Strained CdSe Quantum Structures

Coherently strained CdSe quantum structures are fabricated under varying dynamical growth conditions during the epitaxy of cubic CdSe on (100) ZnSe. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is employed to monitor the growth mode (2D vs. 3D). Conventional photoluminescence (PL) shows that both growth modes yield quantum structures with high PL efficiencies in which excitons are strongly localized by interface fluctuations at varying length scales. Spatially-resolved, near-field PL from quantum structures formed during 3D growth reveals reproducible fine structure in the PL spectrum attributed to emission from excitons laterally confined to quantum dot-like regions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies suggest that these observations result from a combination of island growth and strain-driven interdiffusion.
A proton magnetic resonance study of the anomeric species produced by d-glucosidases☆

Abstract The anomeric configuration of sugars released during enzymic hydrolysis of some d -glucosides and d -glucans in deuterium oxide has been determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In some instances, the data are more highly definitive than those provided by methods previously used. The overall results indicate that d -glucosidases and polysaccharases of the endo type yield products in which there is retention of the anomeric configuration of the substrate, whereas polysaccharases of the exo type cause an inversion of anomeric configuration. It is suggested that these stereochemical differences may originate in differing affinities of the enzymes for various regions of the substrates.
Further Structure−Activity Relationship Studies on 4-((((3S,6S)-6-Benzhydryltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)methyl)phenol: Identification of Compounds with Triple Uptake Inhibitory Activity as Potential Antidepressant Agents

To investigate structural alterations of the lead triple uptake inhibitor molecule, disubstituted 4-((((3S,6S)-6-benzhydryltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)methyl)phenol, we have carried out structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies to investigate the effect of alteration of aromatic substitutions and introduction of heterocyclic aromatic moieties on this molecular template. The novel compounds were tested for their affinities for the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain by measuring their potency in inhibiting the uptake of [3H]DA, [3H]5-HT, and [3H]NE, respectively. SAR results indicate dopamine norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory (DNRI) type activity in thiophene (10g) and pyrrole (10i) derivatives. On the other hand, 3-hydroxyphenyl derivative 10f and 4-methoxyphenyl derivative 10j exhibited a triple reuptake inhibitory (TUI) activity profile, as these molecules exhibited potent uptake inhibition for all the monoamine transporters...
A Challenge to Positive Relevance Theorists: Reply to Roush*

Recently in this journal Sherrilyn Roush (2004) defends positive relevance as a necessary (albeit not a sufficient) condition for evidence by rejecting two of the counterexamples from my earlier (2001) work. In this reply I argue that Roush’s critique is not successful.
Midterm Outcomes of Thoracic Endovascular Stent Repair for Chronic Type B Aortic Dissection With Aneurysmal Degeneration

dently influenced outcome. Results: There were 485 patients (385 CS [79%]; 100 AFB/MEVP [21%]). The cohorts iffered in that the AFB/MEVP group was younger (65.8 12.5 vs 70.9 9.7 years; P .001), had more extent I/II aneurysms (66% vs 0.1%; P .0005), and had more chronic dissections (30.3% vs 18.9%; P .0018). Operative variables differed in that the AFB/MEVP cohort had longer operative times (434 112 vs 324 98 minutes; P .001) and higher blood turnover (6028 3473 vs 3581 3111 mL; P .0001). There was no difference in AFB/MEPB vs CS for the rate of intraoperative death (1.0% vs 0.05%; P .050), length of intensive care unit stay (9.6 8.6 vs 9.5 12.3 days CS; P .095), and hospital length of stay (19.9 12.6 vs 21.6 23.5 days; P .049). The composite perioperative death and paraplegia rate was lower in the AFB/MEVP cohort (7% vs 19%; P .0004). The multivariate model for predictors of the composite outcome showed that AFB/MEVP was protective (odds ratio, 0.039 [0.17, 0.9]; P .0028). Long-term (4-year) survival was also improved in the AFB/MEVP group (73% 6% vs 60% 3%; P .0004). Conclusions: AFB/MEVP is an independent predictor of reduced perioperative death and paraplegia as well as improved long-term survival in patients undergoing repair of type I-III TAA and is the preferred operative strategy over CS.
Regional left ventricular wall dynamics before and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin

Regional wall dynamics of the left ventricle before and after sublingual administration of 0.6 mg of nitroglycerin were determined from left ventricular angiograms in 27 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Regional wall dynamics were quantitatively measured from 60/sec determinations of wall thickness and derived peak rate of systolic wall thickening (peak dTw/dt) in selected sites of the left ventricle. A total of 70 regions were studied. Analysis of the same segment before and after administration of nitroglycerin revealed that the mean change in peak dTw/dt was +1.97 cm/sec in segments with an initial peak dTw/dt of less than 5 cm/sec, in contrast to a change of +0.66 cm/sec in segments with an initial control value of 5 cm/sec or greater. Akinetic or dyskinetic areas did not show improvements after nitroglycerin. In 11 left ventriculograms, an area that was initially hypokinetic manifested an increase in rate of wall thickening after nitroglycerin. The mean increase in peak dTw/dt in anterior segments with electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction was 0.18 cm/sec (P less than 0.05) after nitroglycerin, compared with a mean change of 1.33 cm/sec in anterior segments without such evidence. This study presents evidence for a regional myocardial response to nitroglycerin with differing responses within the same ventricle apparently depending upon the functional state of the underlying myocardium.
The response of rabbit patellar tendons after autologous blood injection

TAYLOR, M. A., T. L. NORMAN, N. B. CLOVIS, and J. D. BLAHA. The response of rabbit patellar tendons after autologous blood injection. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 1, 2002, pp. 70–73.PurposeBlood is a rich source of growth factors that can stimulate fibrocyte migration and help induce neovas
A conceptual framework for improved analyses of 72-hour return cases

For more than 25 years, emergency medicine researchers have examined 72-hour return visits as a marker for high-risk patient visits and as a surrogate measure for quality of care. Individual emergency departments frequently use 72-hour returns as a screening tool to identify deficits in care, although comprehensive departmental reviews of this nature may consume considerable resources. We discuss the lack of published data supporting the use of 72-hour return frequency as an overall performance measure and examine why this is not a valid use, describe a conceptual framework for reviewing 72-hour return cases as a screening tool, and call for future studies to test various models for conducting such quality assurance reviews of patients who return to the emergency department within 72 hours.
General method for microdetermination of mercury in organic compounds

Abstract A method was developed for the analysis of all types of organomercury compounds. The use of a strong acidic and powerful oxidizing digestion medium consisting of potassium permanganate, concentrated nitric, and concentrated sulfuric acids afforded rapid conversion to Hg(II) without loss of mercury by volatilization and with complete removal of halogen. By means of a second-derivative spectrophotometric titrator coupled to an automatic buret even dilute Hg(II) solutions obtained from micro-samples can be analyzed accurately by the Volhard method. Low temperature titration was unnecessary and reasonable variations of acidity from 1 to 3 M proved unimportant. Analyses of all types of mercury compounds were presented and their accuracy was within an absolute error of ±0.3%.
Diaspora, Digital Media, and Death Counts: Eritreans and the Politics of Memorialisation

This article analyses a war memorial established on a website by Eritreans in diaspora as an example of how diasporas are transforming the ways national politics are conducted and understood. Establishing a war memorial is normally the prerogative and responsibility of the state. In performing this task the Eritrean diaspora makes visible the failure of the state to make public important national information and to hold itself accountable to the Eritrean people. The establishment of the memorial online by the diaspora, furthermore, works to de-centre the state, symbolically at least, as the embodiment of the nation and creates an opening for alternative visions of the nation and state-citizen relations. The Internet is making possible innovative forms of diaspora political engagement and activism that challenge conventional relations of citizenship and sovereignty.
Accelerometer-Determined Steps/Day and Metabolic Syndrome

Background There is a lack of knowledge about the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and the odds of having metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Purpose This study aims to investigate associations between accelerometer-determined steps/day and the odds of having MetS and its individual CVD risk factors in the U.S. population. Methods Adults in 2005–2006 NHANES with accelerometer-determined steps/day and measurements necessary to determine MetS by AHA/NHLBI were included ( n =1446, 48.2% men, 33.5% with MetS, mean age=47.5 years, mean BMI=28.7 kg/m 2 ). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having MetS or abnormal CVD risk factors from incrementally higher levels of steps/day. Results MetS prevalence decreased as steps/day increased ( p p Conclusions Adults who maintain an active lifestyle by accumulating more steps are likely to have a lower prevalence of MetS and its individual CVD risk factors. Although other concomitant lifestyle behaviors may influence this lower prevalence, the evidence presented here on steps/day and metabolic syndrome, and elsewhere on physical activity and other health and disease states, suggest that it is a fundamental component of daily living.