cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rites of passage and healing efficacy: an ethnographic study of an intimate partner violence intervention.

Abstract Concepts of health or healing remain conspicuously absent in intimate partner violence intervention literature and practice within the USA. Instead, interventions generally end with ‘equilibrium’ or ‘maintenance’ in which women are no longer in crisis and are no longer in a violent relationship. But this ignores an important and necessary trajectory for intervention – healing. Following the logic of Van Gennep (1960) and Turner (1969), I suggest that most interventions leave women in a state of liminality, struggling to develop an alternative social and interpersonal identity to that of ‘victim of abuse’, or a ‘survivor of violence’. This paper examines final stage healing as a rite of passage effected in an experimental women-centred intervention.
Molecular Mechanism of the Acceleration of the Damaged Base Extrusion and its Recognition by Bacterial MutM DNA Glycosylase: Free Energy Simulation Studies

8-Oxoguanine (8oxoG) is frequently generated endogenously through the attack of reactive oxygen species on the genome. In bacterial base excision repair system, the enzyme, 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) DNA glycosylase (MutM), carries out the search of the damaged base 8oxoG in DNA. After having encountered the damaged base, the enzyme flips it out of DNA helix, and it enters into the active site where the catalytic cleavage occurs. The search of 8oxoG by MutM is a difficult task, because 8oxoG differs subtly from undamaged guanine (G), and compared to G, it is very rare under normal conditions in DNA (about 1 in 10ˆ5). To determine the factors involved in the specific recognition function of MutM, free energy (potential of mean force) simulations and targeted molecular dynamics simulations are performed for a number of different systems. The simulations indicate that base extrusion and entrance into the active site is, essentially, a three-step process. We also analyzed the free energy contributions of different components, such as the effects of DNA-bending induced by the binding of MutM to DNA and several important residues, in the base extrusion of the damaged and undamaged base.
TH-E-230A-06: Comparison of Correction and Model Based Dose Algorithms in Lung Cancer Retrospective Dose Recalculation and Treatment Outcome Evaluation

Purpose: To perform a systematic comparison of the Monte Carlo(MC), convolution/superposition (CS), and equivalent path length (EPL)‐based dose calculation algorithms for the purposes of outcomes modeling in lungcancertreatment planning.Methods: Several treatment plans (originally planned using EPL) from a large database of patients treated on a lungdose escalation protocol were retrospectively recalculated using MC and CS. Doses were computed in the homogeneous (unit‐density) and heterogeneous geometries; homogeneous calculations were used to elicit differences in the beam models To evaluate algorithmic differences due to heterogeneity effects, beam model differences were minimized by adjusting beam weights in the homogeneous plans to achieve the same prescribed dose with each algorithm. These beam weights were then applied to the heterogeneous geometries. Absolute dose distributions were compared using: color‐wash dose difference displays, isodose lines, EUD (for the target) and mean lungdose (MLD) and NTCP (for the normal lungs).Results: For the target, MC and CS‐computed EUDs were in good agreement for both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases, with maximum dose differences of 1.2 Gy noted. Differences between EPL and MC (or CS) were generally much larger, in the heterogeneous plans extending up to 6 Gy. Differences in MLD computed with MC and CS ranged between 2% and 15% in the heterogeneous plans. These differences were similar in the corresponding homogeneous geometries, illustrating the importance of beam model disparities. For EPL, differences in the MLD and NTCP (relative to MC or CS) were much larger in the heterogeneous plans indicating systematic differences in the normal lungdose prediction. Conclusion: Evidence thus far is suggestive that discrepancies in dose computed with EPL and MC (or CS) will lead to differences in correlations of dose with outcome with respect to the target as well as normal tissue complications (radiation induced pneumonitis) and calculated NTCP.
Anti-IL-16 therapy reduces CD4+ T-cell infiltration and improves paralysis and histopathology of relapsing EAE

Infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by CD4+ Th1 cells precedes onset and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We reported that (B6 x SJL) F1 (H-2 b / s ) mice with severe relapsing-remitting disease had extensive infiltration by CD4+ T cells compared to that in C57BL/6 (B6) (H-2 b ) mice, which developed mild low-relapsing disease in response to myelin oligodendrocyte peptide 35-55 (MOG 3 5 - 5 5 ). This observation led us to search for mechanisms that specifically regulate trafficking of CD4+ cells in relapsing H-2 b / s mice. We show that the CD4+ cell chemoattractant cytokine interleukin (IL)-16 has an important role in regulation of relapsing EAE induced by MOG 3 5 - 5 5 in the (B6 x SJL) F1 (H-2 b / s ) mice. We found production of IL-16 in the CNS of mice with EAE. IL-16 levels in the CNS correlated well with the extent of CD4+ T-cell and B-cell infiltration during acute and relapsing disease. Infiltrating CD4+ T cells, B cells, and to a lesser extent CD8+ T cells all contained IL-16 immunoreactivity. Treatment with neutralizing anti-IL-16 antibody successfully reversed paralysis and ameliorated relapsing disease. In treated mice, diminished infiltration by CD4+ T cells, less demyelination, and more sparing of axons was observed. Taken together, our results show an important role for IL-16 in regulation of relapsing EAE. We describe a novel therapeutic approach to specifically impede CD4+ T cell chemoattraction in EAE based on IL-16 neutralization. Our findings have high relevance for the development of new therapies for relapsing EAE and potentially MS.
Cylindrical vector beam generation from spun fiber

Recently there has been considerable interest in the generation of cylindrical vector beams for numerous possible applications in nano-biophotonics, optical imaging, the laser processing of materials and the generation of single photon sources among others. Cylindrical vector optical vortex beams are shown by propagating a fundamental laser mode through a spun ber. The polarization state of the output from the ber is characterized and the the process of this mode conversion will be discussed.
Free Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes

Abstract Free Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes are studied in finite von Neumann algebras. It is shown that a free self-decomposable probability measure on R can be realized as the distribution of a stationary free Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process driven by a free Levy process. A characterization of a probability measure on R to be the stationary distribution of a periodic free Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process driven by a free Levy process is given in terms of the Levy measure of the measure. Finally, the notion of a free fractional Brownian motion is introduced. It is proved that the free stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional free Brownian motion has a unique solution. We call the solution a fractional free Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
INTERPOSITION AND SIZE CONSTANCY: A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY

27 children (mean age 6.7 yr.) and 84 adults (mean age 26.3 yr.) were asked to judge the sizes of human figures in photographs. Half the cards contained interpositional depth cues while the other half did not. Both groups of subjects showed better size constancy with interposition present than without it.
Field-Programmable Gate-Array-Based Graph Coloring Accelerator

A hardware methodology is described for implementing a graph coloring for the Latin squares problem that is compatible with more course grain approaches routinely implemented in software. The approach described maximizes the use of local communication and fine-grained parallelism while still ensuring a complete search of the solution domain. An implementation of a graph coloring architecture using field-programmable gate arrays and high-level programming tools is presented. An exploration of the tradeoff among nodes per processor, fill depth, and latency is presented. The use of this hardware-based graph coloring accelerator architecture to the more efficient implementation of routing for wave division multiplexing fiber optic communications systems and multihop radio communications is also discussed.
Chamber Volume Requirements for Reproduction of the Zebrafish Danio rerio

Abstract The zebrafish or zebra danio Danio (=Brachydanio) rerio has recently become a major vertebrate model for the study of developmental biology, neurobiology, and molecular genetics. As a result, most research universities have now invested considerable resources in the construction of large zebrafish facilities. A key element in the design of these facilities is maximizing the efficiency of available space. Here we report on the effects of aquarium chamber volume on the reproduction of zebrafish, with the objective of identifying the minimal volume required for normal egg production. Six adults (two males and four females) were tested in chamber volumes of 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 mL. Results were compared with those from a control volume of 3.5 L. Eggs were removed from the test chambers after spawning and incubated in petri dishes at 28°C. Total egg production, percent of eggs hatching, and larval length at 96 h postfertilization were used to evaluate breeding success. Compared with the control...
Premature Ovarian Failure Is Not Premature Menopause

Normal menopause occurs at an average age of 50 and results from ovarian follicle depletion. Normal menopause is an irreversible condition, whereas premature ovarian failure is characterized by intermittent ovarian function in half of these young women. These young women produce estrogen intermittently and sometimes even ovulate despite the presence of high gonadotropin levels. Indeed, pregnancy has occurred after a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. On pelvic ultrasound examination, follicles were equally likely to be detected in patients more than 6 years after a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure as in patients less than 6 years after the diagnosis. Thus, the probability of detecting a follicle appears to remain stable during the normal reproductive lifespan of these young women. Indeed, pregnancy was reported in a 44-year-old woman 16 years after a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. No treatment to restore fertility in patients with premature ovarian failure has proved to be safe and effective in prospective controlled studies. Theoretically, these unproved therapies might even prevent one of these spontaneous pregnancies from occurring.
"Babes" & boards: opportunities in new millennium sport?

The proliferation of action or extreme sports in recent years leads to a reassessment of fundamental, foundational questions regarding the nature of sport. One such question is Does the much-vaunte...
Properties and Function of Nephrocalcin: Mechanism of Kidney Stone Inhibition or Promotion

Nephrocalcin (NC), an acidic glycoprotein with molecular weight 14,000, is present in urine and prevents kidney stone formation. Histoimmunochemical staining shows that NC is localized in the proximal tubles in kidneys. Isolated NC from mammalian urine, revealed at least 4 isoforms of NC (we call these isoforms NC-A, NC-B, NC-C, and NC-D in the order of elution) during DEAE cellulose column chromatography with a linear gradient of NaCl elution step. Non-stone forming people excrete more NC-A and NC-B isoforms in urine; however, more NC-C and NC-D isoforms were found in stone formers' urine. When the organic matrix was extracted from surgically removed calcium oxalate kidney stones, we found greater quantities of NC-C and NC-D isoforms than those of NC-A and NC-B isoforms. Amino acid compositions and carbohydrate contents of these 4 isoforms were similar with the exception of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) residues. Only the NC-A and NC-B isoforms contained residues of GLA. There were more phosphate residues present in NC-C and NC-D than in NC-A and NC-B. Upon removal of phosphate residues by alkaline phosphatase, NC-C eluted at the same salt concentrations as NC-A eluted. This indicates that the backbone protein could be similar, but the NC-C isoform is modified by excess phosphate residues. Surface tension measurements using a Lauda film balance indicated that NC-A and -B were strongly amphiphilic while NC-C and -D were less amphiphilic. NC-A has an elongated shape, and occupies a smaller area per molecule; whereas NC-C is a bulky molecule. Using NC-A as a model of a "good" inhibitor and NC-C as a model of a "poor" inhibitor, both bound with 4 atoms of Ca2+ per molecule as investigated by equilibrium dialysis method, 31P-NMR, and electron spin resonance spectrometry. Isoforms A and B changed their conformation upon Ca2+ binding, but C and D did not change their conformation. All these observations suggest that isoforms A and B are strong inhibitors of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal growth and aggregation. However, isoforms C and D act as promotors for COM crystal growth-kidney stone formation. Measuring the amount of NC in urine from renal cell carcinoma patients and from NC isolated from a supernatant of a primary renal cell carcinoma cells demonstrated the amount of NC increased with disease progression.
The Impact of a Community-Based Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Screening for Reducing Tobacco Consumption

Objective. Examine the usefulness of large-scale community-based head and neck cancer screening for reducing tobacco use in an at-risk population. Questions answered: (1) Is participating in a community-based head and neck cancer screening related to a reduction in tobacco usage? (2) Do differing factors between participants predict behavior change?Study Design. Survey based with a longitudinal follow-up component.Setting. Atlanta Motor Speedway during a National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) race event.Subjects and Methods. Recruited NASCAR fans (n = 620). Initial screening and 11-question survey for 6-month telephone follow-up.Results. One hundred fifty-six participants (25%) required medical follow-up. Chi-square analysis indicated a significantly higher proportion of smokers (13%) evidenced positive findings compared to nonsmokers (8%) or past smokers (6%). Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test indicated smokers were from a significantly lower soc...
Differential expression of myogenic regulatory genes and Msx‐1 during dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of regenerating amphibian limbs

An amputated limb of an adult urodele amphibian is capable of undergoing regeneration. The new structures form from an undifferentiated mass of cells called the regenerative blastema. The cells of the blastema are believed to derive from differentiated tissues of the adult limb. However, the exact source of these cells and the process by which they undergo dedifferentiation are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the molecular and cellular basis for dedifferentiation we isolated a number of genes which are potential regulators of the process. These include Msx-1, which is believed to support the undifferentiated and proliferative state of cells in the embryonic limb bud; and two members of the myogenic regulatory gene family, MRF-4 and Myf-5, which are expressed in differentiated muscle and regulate muscle-specific gene activity. As anticipated, we find that Msx-1 is strongly up-regulated during the initiation of regeneration. It remains expressed throughout regeneration but is not found in the fully regenerated limb. The myogenic gene MRF-4 has the reverse expression pattern. It is expressed in adult limb muscle, is rapidly shut off in early regenerative blastemas, and is only reexpressed at the completion of regeneration. These kinetics are paralleled by those of a muscle-specific Myosin gene. In contrast Myf-5, a second member of the myogenic gene family, continues to be expressed throughout the regenerative process. Thus, MRF-4 and Myf-5 are likely to play distinct roles during regeneration. MRF-4 may directly regulate muscle phenotype and as such its repression may be a key event in dedifferentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Emission of low-energy charged particles following negative-pion capture from rest

We have measured the inclusive production spectra of protons, deuterons and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles following negative pion capture from rest in carbon, calcium, indium, and bismuth from low energies up to 55 MeV for protons and deuterons, and 30 MeV for $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles. The proton and deuteron spectra separate into contributions from direct processes and from evaporation. The integrated production rates are in agreement with previous results. The data are compared with various theoretical models.NUCLEAR REACTION $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{115}\mathrm{In}$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, measured spectra of $p$, $d$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ following ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ absorption.
Crystallographic control in thin-layer silicon depositions by atmospheric-pressure iodine vapor transport

Abstract Silicon thin layers that are either highly textured polycrystalline, randomly oriented polycrystalline, or epitaxial have been deposited by the technique of atmospheric-pressure iodine vapor transport on silicon or non-silicon substrates. Strongly [1 1 0]-textured polycrystalline silicon films are obtained by starting with a relatively low starting substrate temperature of 700°C, to increase nucleation density, then ramping up to 900°C at the end to increase growth rate. Alternatively, if a higher constant temperature of 900°C is used, we obtain polycrystalline silicon layers with randomly oriented large grains of ∼20 μm in average size. When a still higher initial substrate temperature of 1000°C is used to eliminate condensation of silicon iodides at the interface, high-quality epitaxial silicon layers are grown on silicon substrates.
A cluster of Mycobacterium wolinskyi surgical site infections at an academic medical center.

Objective To study a cluster of Mycobacterium wolinskyi surgical site infections (SSIs). Design Observational and case-control study. Setting Academic hospital. Patients. Subjects who developed SSIs with M. wolinskyi following cardiothoracic surgery. Methods Electronic surveillance was performed for case finding as well as electronic medical record review of infected cases. Surgical procedures were observed. Medical chart review was conducted to identify risk factors. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for infection; Fisher exact or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of proportions and medians, respectively. Patient isolates were studied using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Environmental microbiologic sampling was performed in operating rooms, including high-volume water sampling. Results Six definite cases of M. wolinskyi SSI following cardiothoracic surgery were identified during the outbreak period (October 1, 2008–September 30, 2011). Having cardiac surgery in operating room A was significantly associated with infection (odds ratio, 40; P = .0027). Observational investigation revealed a cold-air blaster exclusive to operating room A as well a microbially contaminated, self-contained water source used in heart-lung machines. The isolates were indistinguishable or closely related by PFGE. No environmental samples were positive for M. wolinskyi. Conclusions No single point source was established, but 2 potential sources, including a cold-air blaster and a microbially contaminated, self-contained water system used in heart-lung machines for cardiothoracic operations, were identified. Both of these potential sources were removed, and subsequent active surveillance did not reveal any further cases of M. wolinskyi SSI. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1169-1175
The effect of co-ordination to copper (II) on the basic hydrolysis of glycylglycine

Abstract The rate of the basic hydrolysis of glycylglycine is retarded in the presence of copper (II). The retardation is of the order expected if the co-ordinated glycylglycine were completely prevented from undergoing this reaction. The results are interpreted on the basis of a negatively charged complex which presents no favourable site for the attack of a hydroxide ion. The study of this reaction at temperatures above about 40° is rendered difficult by the occurrence of redox reactions which do not occur at an appreciable rate at lower temperatures.
Flavor and Texture in Cheddar Cheese. I. Role of Mixed Strain Lactic Starter Cultures

Abstract Three commercial starters (A, B, and C) were selected for intensive study after several experimental cheese-making trials. Two of these were starters that produced cheeses with open texture and fruity-fermented flavor; the third culture consistently yielded normal-flavored, close-textured product. Comparisons were made with respect to culture survival patterns during manufacture, relative rates of sugar-and protein-degradation in ripening cheeses, and total carbonyl production in milk cultures. Taxonomie studies on the component strains also were conducted. No significant differences were observed in the rates of sugar- and protein-degradation between the normal (A) and detective cultures. Cultures associated with defective cheeses, however, survived the manufacturing process in greater numbers and dominated the cheese flora over longer periods of time. Furthermore, the defective cultures were found to contain high carbonyl-producing Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus diacetilactis strains in contrast to Starter A, which was entirely made up of low carbonyl-producing Streptococcus cremoris strains and a few Leuconostoc strains. An apparent correlation between taxonomic and carbonyl-producing characteristics of specific starter cultures and the quality and grade of the corresponding cheeses was shown.
Polishable and Renewable DNA Hybridization Biosensors

Routine applications of DNA hybridization biosensors are often restricted by the need for regenerating the single-stranded (ss) probe for subsequent reuse. This note reports on a viable alternative to prolonged thermal or chemical regeneration schemes through the mechanical polishing of oligonucleotide-bulk-modified carbon composite electrodes. The surface of these biocomposite hybridization biosensors can be renewed rapidly and reproducibly by a simple extrusion/polishing protocol. The immobilized probe retains its hybridization activity on confinement in the interior of the carbon paste matrix, with the use of fresh surfaces erasing memory effects and restoring the original target response, to allow numerous hybridization/measurement cycles. We expect that such reusable nucleic acid modified composite electrodes can be designed for a wide variety of biosensing applications.
The effect of an anisotropic pressure of thermal particles on resistive wall mode stability

The effect of an anisotropic pressure of thermal particles on resistive wall mode stability in tokamak fusion plasmas is derived through kinetic theory and assessed through calculation with the MISK code [B. Hu et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 0 57301 (2005)]. The fluid anisotropy is treated as a small perturbation on the plasma equilibrium and modeled with a bi-Maxwellian distribution function. A complete stability treatment without an assumption of high frequency mode rotation leads to anisotropic kinetic terms in the dispersion relation in addition to anisotropy corrections to the fluid terms. With the density and the average pressure kept constant, when thermal particles have a higher temperature perpendicular to the magnetic field than parallel, the fluid pressure-driven ballooning destabilization term is reduced. Additionally, the stabilizing kinetic effects of the trapped thermal ions can be enhanced. Together these two effects can lead to a modest increase in resistive wall mode stability.
Location and Mechanism of α2,6-Sialyltransferase Dimer Formation ROLE OF CYSTEINE RESIDUES IN ENZYME DIMERIZATION, LOCALIZATION, ACTIVITY, AND PROCESSING

A significant proportion of the α2,6-sialyltransferase of protein Asn-linked glycosylation (ST6Gal I) forms disulfide-bonded dimers that exhibit decreased activity, but retain the ability to bind asialoglycoprotein substrates. Here, we have investigated the subcellular location and mechanism of ST6Gal I dimer formation, as well as the role of Cys residues in the enzyme's trafficking, localization, and catalytic activity. Pulse-chase analysis demonstrated that the ST6Gal I disulfide-bonded dimer forms in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutagenesis experiments showed that Cys-24 in the transmembrane region is required for dimerization, while catalytic domain Cys residues are required for trafficking and catalytic activity. Replacement of Cys-181 and Cys-332 generated proteins that are largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and minimally active or inactive, respectively. Replacement of Cys-350 or Cys-361 inactivated the enzyme without compromising its localization or processing, suggesting that these amino acids are part of the enzyme's active site. Replacement of Cys-139 or Cys-403 generated proteins that are catalytically active and appear to be more stably localized in the Golgi, since they exhibited decreased cleavage and secretion. The Cys-139 mutant also exhibited increased dimer formation suggesting that ST6Gal I dimers may be critical in the oligomerization process involved in stable ST6Gal I Golgi localization.
Crystal structure, morphology, orientation, and mechanical properties of biaxially oriented polyamide 6 films

Abstract Investigations on crystal structure, orientation and mechanical properties of extrusion cast and biaxially stretched polyamide 6 films were carried out by using differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, birefringence and tensile testing. The measurements were taken at three stages (1) after extrusion film casting, (2) after film stretching, (3) after solution annealing. Aging unstretched films, which had about 5% crystallinity, at room condition (22–23 °C and 22–31%RH, relative humidity) caused significant elevations in glass transition temperature ( T g ) cold crystallization temperature ( T c ) and crystallinity. The melting point ( T m ) remained almost constant throughout the aging. The room temperature crystal form was investigated. Poorly defined β (or pleated α) crystals were found in the aged films, when they were either unstretched or stretched at low temperature. By increasing the stretch temperature from 40 to 180 °C, the poorly defined β (or pleated α) unit cell from low temperature stretching became similar to the well known α unit cell. Annealing the films, which had been stretched at 65 °C, in boiling 20% formic acid solution perfected the crystal transformation to the well defined α form. We developed a pseudo-orthorhombic unit cell in order to calculate biaxial orientation factors of the crystalline phase. The mechanical properties were successfully correlated with out-of-plane birefringences.
Simple Models for the Analysis of Association in Cross-Classifications Having Ordered Categories

Abstract A class of models is proposed for the analysis of association in a contingency table with ordered rows and ordered columns. Association is measured in terms of the odds-ratios in 2 × 2 subtables formed from adjacent rows and adjacent columns. This class includes the null association model, the uniform association model, and models that describe the possible effects of the rows and/or columns on the association. With these models, the association in the table can be analyzed in a manner analogous to the usual two-way analysis of variance, and parsimonious descriptions of this association can be obtained often. Applications are discussed here, some well-known sets of data are reanalyzed, and new insights into these data are obtained.
Third Drag Prediction Workshop Results Using the NSU3D Unstructured Mesh Solver

Results from the third AIAA drag prediction workshop on using the unstructured mesh Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver NSU3D are presented. Computations include a grid convergence study on a transonic wing-body and wing-body-fairing configuration at a fixed C L condition using grids up to 41 million points, as well as an incidence sweep (drag polar) at fixed Mach and Reynolds numbers. A second set of results on a pair of closely related wing geometries is also described, including a grid convergence study at a fixed incidence and an incidence sweep (drag polar) for both wing geometries. For all cases, approximate second-order-accurate grid convergence characteristics are demonstrated, with overall accuracy and efficiency comparable with other structured, overset, and unstructured workshop calculations. However, it is found that differing grid-converged results may be inferred based on different families of self-similar coarse and fine-grid sequences, particularly for values such as absolute drag at a fixed incidence. More consistent grid convergence for idealized drag values (omitting induced drag) is observed, thus validating the procedure of performing grid convergence studies at a fixed C L . These grid convergence issues are attributed to the large range of disparate scales that must be resolved in aerodynamic flows, and they point to the need for further advances in quantifying and resolving discretization errors for such problems.
A stop transfer sequence recognizes receptors for nascent chain translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane

A stop transfer sequence derived from the extreme carboxyl terminus of membrane IgM heavy chain has been shown to confer predictable transmembrane orientation to secretory proteins by aborting translocation of subsequently synthesized protein domains. Here we demonstrate that, in certain peptide sequence contexts, the same stop transfer sequence is also capable of initiating domain translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Translocation directed by a stop transfer sequence is similar to, but distinguishable from, the action of a conventional signal sequence. Translocation is dependent on participation of the ribosome and protein receptors both in the cytoplasm and in the ER membrane. Moreover, both amino- and carboxy-terminal flanking protein domains can be translocated. Unlike a signal sequence, the stop transfer sequence is not itself translocated across the membrane. These results have implications for the nature of signal sequences, stop transfer sequences, and their receptor interactions.
Radiocolloid estimation of hepatic portal perfusion

Abstract We have developed a scintigraphic technique, which can be performed in conjunction with visceral angiography, for calculating the fraction of superior mesenteric venous (SMV) blood that bypasses liver sinusoids through extrahepatic and intrahepatic collaterals. Following sequential injections of 99m TC sulfur colloid (SC) and 99m Tc human serum albumin (HSA) into the superior mesenteric artery, time course of isotope appearance in the heart is monitored with a gamma camera-computer system. First pass time-activity curves for both substances are constructed and shunt index (SI) for SC determined as integral of SC counts divided by integral of HSA counts. SI was calculated in four dogs before and after end-to-side portacaval shunt. Total shunting of portal flow was considered to represent an SI = 1.00 and all other values were adjusted to this base-line (corrected SI). Seven preoperative determinations averaged 0.19 ± 0.05 SD (0.12 to 0.26) and the mean of four postshunt measurements was 0.99 ± 0.13 (0.85 to 1.16; P r = 0.62 ( P
A family of crooked functions

It has been proved in Bierbrauer and Kyureghyan (Des. Codes Cryptogr. 46:269---301, 2008) that a binomial function aX i + bX j can be crooked only if both exponents i, j have 2-weight ?2. In the present paper we give a brief construction for all known examples of crooked binomial functions. These consist of an infinite family and one sporadic example. The construction of the sporadic example uses the properties of an algebraic curve of genus 3. Computer experiments support the conjecture that each crooked binomial is equivalent either to a member of the family or to the sporadic example.
Compact beam scanning 240GHz radar for navigation and collision avoidance

Autonomous small robotic platforms require a suite of sensor to navigate and function in complex environment. Due to limited space, onboard power, and processing capability these sensors must be low mass, compact size, low power, and run with minimal processing resources. We are in the process of developing a compact and low-power imaging mm-wave radar system for small autonomous robotic platforms operating at Y-band to allow for navigation and obstacle detection in conditions that make the use of passive optical sensors difficult or impossible. The radar system is being fabricated and assembled using silicon micromachining technique with the overall mass of 5 grams, peak power of 200 mW, and operational power of 6.7 mW for one frame per second update rate, field of view of ± 25°, angular resolution of 2°, range resolution of 37.5cm, and range of 400m. The beam steering is accomplished by frequency scanning and the range resolution is obtained from the standard FMCW technique utilizing a chirped signal waveform with step discontinuities. This paper will present the overall architecture of this radar system in addition to the phenomenological investigation of scattering from obstacle in indoor environment. It is also shown how radar images taken from indoor scenes can be interpreted and utilized to create the interior layout of a building.
Effects of unilateral premature fusion of the zygomaxillary suture on the growth of nasomaxillary complex

Unilateral premature fusion of the zygomaxillary suture was produced in 2-week-old guinea pigs by immobilization with methyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive. The effects of sutural fusion on the growth of the nasomaxillary complex were evaluated by radiographic cephalometry with implants, and histologic assessment. The immobilization successfully constrained the anteroinferior displacement of the maxilla and zygomatic bone on the fused side. Compensatory responsive remodeling at adjacent sutures and in certain regions of the nasomaxillary complex was observed. Developmental asymmetry was found when the fused side was compared with the nonfused side. No gross anatomic asymmetry of the facial complex as a whole, however, was detected. Adaptive compensation involving periosteal bone deposition occurred at the junction of the lower maxillary process and the maxilla proper on the fused side. This, together with periosteal bone resorption in corresponding areas on the nonfused side served to offset any developmental asymmetry that might have occurred, thus leading to a compensatory preclusion of gross anatomic asymmetry.
Collagen polysomes: site of hydroxylation of proline residues.

Abstract The biosynthesis of collagen on polysomes has been studied by using a newly devised method for obtaining polysomes in high yield from stationary-phase mouse fibroblast (line 3T6; Goldberg &, Green, 1967). These polysomes were completely disaggregated to monosomes by brief exposure to ribonuclease and they lost most of their radioactivity to the top of the sucrose gradients as a result of a 30-minute chase with unlabeled proline. After a ten-minute pulse with [3H]proline, nascent collagen peptides could be identified in these polysomes on sucrose gradients. Most of the proline residues susceptible to hydroxylation by collagen proline hydroxylase were found, in most cases, to be already hydroxylated in these nascent peptides. The nascent nature of these peptides was confirmed by the observation that treatment of the polysomes with RNase transferred the radioactive collagen peptides to the monosome area and these peptides could subsequently be removed to the soluble material at the top of the gradient upon treatment with puromycin. These findings therefore, show clearly that the hydroxylation of proline residues is occurring, in vivo under normal conditions, on nascent collagen chains. In no case was the degree of hydroxylation of the released collagen chains higher than that on the nascent collagen peptides. It seems likely, therefore, that the major site of proline hydroxylation is the nascent collagen peptide.
In vivo loads in the medial compartment of the rabbit knee.

Abstract Background The compressive loads produced in the medial compartment of a rabbit knee during hopping are unknown, and necessary for the development of an animal model to study unicompartmental osteoarthritis. Methods In an effort to obtain such data, a surgical procedure was developed to insert a pressure sensor into the medial tibial compartment of a New Zealand white rabbit knee joint, and an inactive sensor of the same thickness into the lateral tibial compartment. After the rabbits recovered from anesthesia, contact pressure was measured as the rabbits hopped. Findings The average peak pressure in the medial compartment was 60 N/cm 2 (SD 16), a value that corresponds to 39% of the animals’ body weight (range: 21–61%, SD 11%). Interpretation This is the first report of measured in vivo pressures associated with the load transmitted through the medial compartment of the skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbit, a model frequently used to study the progression of osteoarthritis.
La pierre rejetée par les bâtisseurs

Apres avoir precise le sens premier de l’expression polysemique « bouc emissaire », l’auteur demontre l’universalite du phenomene ainsi designe, depuis les societes archaiques jusqu’aux contemporaines, universalite qui trouve son fondement dans l’existence d’une hierarchie sacrificielle commune a l’humanite entiere. Sur ce fond, l’auteur compare le judeo-christianisme aux religions archaiques, d’une part explicitant l’element essentiel qu’ils partagent, le phenomene du bouc emissaire, d’autre part s’inscrivant en faux contre l’assimilation de l’expression judeo-chretienne de ce phenomene a ses presumes paralleles rencontres dans les religions archaiques. Colonne vertebrale du nihilisme moderne, cette assimilation simpliste occulte sur ce chapitre l’unicite du judeo-christianisme, qui seul defend et rehabilite ses boucs emissaires.
A design for an online bibliographic database: The DOBIS-LIBIS database

Abstract The database to be used with an online bibliographic information system must meet a number of requirements which are often not satisfied by conventional database management systems. Most important of these is the requirement for full authority file control over the indexes to the database. This paper reviews the special requirements of a bibliographic database and shows how they are met in the database system of DOBIS-LIBIS (Dortmund Library System-Leuven Library System).
Abridgment of 132-kv. shielded potentiometer: for determining the accuracy of potential transformers

The potentiometer principle is well understood. Its application to the determination of the ratio and phase-angle accuracy of potential transformers is not new, but in unshielded form has been limited to about 66 kv. and in shielded form to about 33 kv. The paper describes a shielded potentiometer for 132 kv., which is designed for ultimate extension to 220 kv.
Soothing and balmy, cure without disfigurement: Benjamin bye, false promises, and head and neck cancer

One century ago, patients dreaded a diagnosis of head and neck cancer, fearing not only the progression of the disease but also the prospect of surgery. A cadre of charlatans preyed upon these fears to make a profit. We unearth the tale of Benjamin Bye, an Indianapolis doctor peddling the Combination Oil Cure. His collection of creams applied to the face offered unsuspecting patients a painless cure of their head and neck cancer. Bye eventually came under the fire of muckrakers as well as the federal government. Not long thereafter, Bye's practice was declared fraudulent, and the US Postmaster General refused to send his products. Bye's story recalls a time in which curative options were few and fear of malignancy was pervasive. Today, as our treatment armamentarium grows, we are reminded to critically assess efficacy, honestly discuss options with patients, and ensure that charlatanism remains a shadow of the past.
Increasing incidence of new-onset diabetes after transplant among pediatric renal transplant patients.

Background—Risk of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) is well characterized for adults but much less understood in pediatric transplant. This study examines the incidence and risk factors of NODAT in pediatric renal transplant patients. Methods—The incidence of NODAT over the first three years following transplant were examined with United States Renal Data System data for primary renal transplant recipients (ages 0–21 years, transplanted between 1995 and 2004) with Medicare primary. Patients had no evidence of diabetes prior to transplant. We estimated the cumulative incidence rate and used Cox proportional hazards regression to identify risk factors for NODAT. Propensity scores were calculated for immunosuppression choice to adjust for potential confounding factors.
Uncertainty analysis in Monte Carlo criticality computations

Abstract Uncertainty analysis is imperative for nuclear criticality risk assessments when using Monte Carlo neutron transport methods to predict the effective neutron multiplication factor ( k eff ) for fissionable material systems. For the validation of Monte Carlo codes for criticality computations against benchmark experiments, code accuracy and precision are measured by both the computational bias and uncertainty in the bias. The uncertainty in the bias accounts for known or quantified experimental, computational and model uncertainties. For the application of Monte Carlo codes for criticality analysis of fissionable material systems, an administrative margin of subcriticality must be imposed to provide additional assurance of subcriticality for any unknown or unquantified uncertainties. Because of a substantial impact of the administrative margin of subcriticality on economics and safety of nuclear fuel cycle operations, recently increasing interests in reducing the administrative margin of subcriticality make the uncertainty analysis in criticality safety computations more risk-significant. This paper provides an overview of two most popular k eff uncertainty analysis methods for Monte Carlo criticality computations: (1) sampling-based methods, and (2) analytical methods. Examples are given to demonstrate their usage in the k eff uncertainty analysis due to uncertainties in both neutronic and non-neutronic parameters of fissionable material systems.
Reduced haemoglobin levels in infants presenting with apparent life‐threatening events–a retrospective investigation

Anaemia has been shown to be associated with an increased apnoeic pause frequency and with cyanotic breath-holding spells. In this study, the relationship between anaemia and apparent life-threatening events was retrospectively investigated in 72 term infants referred for assessment and home monitoring following an apparent life-threatening event. For 41 infants (25 male, 16 female; 38 Caucasian, three Asian) a venous red blood cell count was available. Their median age at the time of the apparent life-threatening event was 2.0 (0.6-6.7) months. The Hb levels in these 41 infants were plotted against normal data from the literature. Thirty-four infants had Hb levels below the mean, whilst six infants had values above the corresponding normal mean; the one remaining infant had a Hb value identical to the normal mean. Significantly more infants than expected had Hb levels below the mean (p less than 0.001, binomial test). Anaemia may have played a role in the pathophysiology leading to life-threatening events in some of the infants investigated in this study.
Effects of chemical disinfectant solutions on the stability and accuracy of the dental impression complex

Currently available impression materials were not designed for disinfection or sterilization, and it is conceivable that disinfectants may adversely affect impressions. This study evaluated the accuracy and dimensional stability of polyether (Permadyne/Impregum) and polyvinyl siloxane (Express) impression materials retained by their adhesives in two different acrylic resin tray designs (perforated and nonperforated) when the materials were immersed for either 30 or 60 minutes in three high-level disinfectants. Distilled water and no solution served as controls. A stainless steel test analog similar to ADA specification No. 19 was used. A total of 400 impressions were made with all combinations of impression materials, tray designs, disinfectant, and soaking times. Samples were evaluated microscopically before and after immersion and 48 hours after soaking. Results indicated that these two impression materials were dimensionally stable. Because the results emphasized the stability and accuracy of the impression complex under various conditions, dentists can perform disinfection procedures similar to the protocol of this study without concern for clinically significant distortion of the impression.
Calcium channel blockers and behavioral sensitization.

Abstract Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-induced stereotypy was previously shown to consist of two separable phenomena, induction and expression, both of which involve the excitatory amino acids (EAA). In the present experiments, the calcium channel blockers (CCB), nifedipine, diltiazem and verapamil, were shown to block both phenomena; these results are similar to those reported earlier for DNQX, an antagonist of the non -N- methyl - d - aspartate receptors for the EAA. The CCB, like DNQX, affect only that percentage of the stereotypic response which results from the sensitization reaction, without affecting the quantitative portion of the response attributable to the acute effect of amphetamine. The results support previous conclusions that the sensitization response consists of two quantitative components, only one of which involves the EAA. The antagonism exhibited by the CCB suggests that behavioral sensitization involves Ca ++ and L-type calcium channels.
Student Anxiety and Attitudes in Business Statistics

Abstract In the past, infant mortality rates in Jewish communities throughout the world were dramatically lower than those of their host populations. Nineteenth-century Venice was no exception: whereas the Catholic rates were about 25–30 percent, the Jewish rate was as low as 14 percent or even less. Several factors have been put forward to explain such differentials, including genetic makeup, religious prescriptions, personal hygiene, austere habits, community welfare institutions and social cohesion, higher cultural level, fertility control, prolonged breastfeeding, and the like. A comparison between a sample of the Jewish population and two parishes with similar social composition shows that, in the Venetian case at least, most of the factors cannot account for such a striking difference. Furthermore, both descriptive and hazard analyses clearly indicate that, although levels were dramatically different, infant mortality patterns were remarkably similar among Venetian Jews and Catholics, who had almost...
Anti‐rhetoric as rhetoric: The law and economics movement

This essay analyzes the public rhetoric of the influential Law and Economics movement. We explore the affinity between rhetoric and judicial argument as reflected in the work of Judge Richard A. Posner, a leader in the Law and Economics movement. His approach to judicial discourse contains implicit rhetorical assumptions that should be discussed and evaluated by scholars in the field of communication. Our thesis is that Posner's anti‐rhetorical posture is itself a rhetoric that is persuasive and influential in legal and public arenas. His theory of wealth maximization is a discursive construct which invites audiences to adopt particular configurations of social and legal relationships.