cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jewish and Christian Traditions of the Interpretation of Scripture According to Robert Bellarmine

Explored in this essay are Robert Bellarmine’s positions on Scripture that give insight into how the decrees of Council of Trent were interpreted. Bellarmine follows the reforming decrees of Trent and provides an exegetical depth that did not formerly exist in apologetics against Luther’s and other Protestant readings of Scripture. This depth can be seen in his work Disputationes de controversiis Christianae fidei. His training as a Hebraist and work as a censor afforded him the opportunity to encounter Jewish literature with insight that rivaled his Protestant and Christian Hebraist counterparts. While censors at the Congregation for the Index of Prohibited Books wanted the elimination of all Jewish literature, Bellarmine called for moderation arguing that insight and value could be found rabbinic commentaries. His encounter with the Talmud was not without misunderstanding but it enriched his awareness of interpretations offered by Jewish scholars at a time when the Talmud was forbidden, censored, or burned.
Google Trends Analysis Shows Increasing Public Interest in Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis.

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis is a chronic musculoskeletal condition that frequently affects the hip and knee joints. Given the burden associated with surgical intervention for hip and knee osteoarthritis, patients continue to search for potential nonoperative treatments. One biologic therapy with mixed clinical and basic science evidence for treating osteoarthritis is platelet-rich plasma injections into the affected joint. We used the Google Trends tool to provide a quantitative analysis of national interest in platelet-rich plasma injections for hip and knee osteoarthritis. Methods Google Trends parameters were selected to obtain search data from January 2009 to December 2019. Various combinations of “arthritis,” “osteoarthritis,” “PRP,” “platelet-rich plasma,” “knee,” and “hip” were entered into the Google Trends tool and trend analyses were performed. Results Three linear models were generated to display search volume trends in the United States for platelet-rich plasma and osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, and knee osteoarthritis, respectively. All models showed increased Google queries as time progressed (P Conclusion Our results demonstrate a significant rise in Google queries related to platelet-rich plasma injections for osteoarthritis of the hip and knee since 2009. Surgeons treating hip and knee osteoarthritis patients can expect continued interest in platelet-rich plasma, despite inconclusive clinical and basic science data. Trends in public interest may inform patient counseling, shared decision-making, and directions for future clinical research.
The Physics of Supernova Shocks

We focus on the bounce-shock mechanism for Type II Supernovae. We show semi-analytically that the initial shock energy is equal (with minor qualifications) to the binding energy of the hydrostatic remnant. We present analytical formulae for the structure and binding energy of the remnant, and determine the remnant mass by self-similar arguments. We thus derive the shock energy theoretically. We show that, to a good approximation, it depends little on the details of the nuclear equation of state above nuclear densities. Unless the initial presupernova core is sufficiently small, both analytical and numerical calculations show the bounce shock mechanism is incapable of powering a prompt (<10 ms) explosion. We explore a suggestion of Wilson and Bethe that, after a relatively long time (1/2 s), absorption of neutrinos deposits enough energy to revive a stalled shock and blow off the mantle.
Asymptotic radiation field of asymmetric planar dielectric waveguide

In the spectral domain analysis of practical open integrated waveguiding structures, multiple non-removable branch points occur in the axial Fourier-transform plane. When the inversion integral for the distant radiation field is approximated asymptotically by deforming the real-axis integration contour (C) into a steepest-descent contour (SDC) all of the associated branch cuts are crossed twice. Passage from the top Riemann sheet to lower sheets and back to the top sheet occurs so both ends of the contour lie on the top sheet and C can be directly connected into SDC. If the observation aspect angle is sufficiently large, however, all but one of the cuts are crossed a third time and the two ends of the SDC lie on different sheets. Deformation of C into SDC then requires a fourth crossing of those cuts and integration around them to remain on the top sheet. A continuous spectrum contribution consequently augments the saddle-point term contributed by the SDC approximation. These wave phenomena are studied in detail for the asymmetric planar dielectric waveguide, which is the simplest canonical structure for which multiple non-removable branch points occur.
The Nuclear Future

Nuclear weapons have been a central element of American foreign and military policy since the Cold War began. Indeed, much of the warp and woof of the Soviet-American rivalry has been translated into domestic debate about our nuclear arsenal, its form, its relationship to other elements of policy, and the uses to which it should be put. If the rivalry, which was the essence of the Cold War, is now to undergo a radical decline in importance, may we expect that those weapons which so distinguished that rivalry will recede from our concerns in parallel? Will the end of the Cold War mean the denuclearization of American policy?
On the Problem of Degrees of Freedom in the Analysis of Consumer Behavior

HE existence of a gap between theoretical models and empirical analysis in economics has been generally recognized. In the analysis of consumer demand, this gap is such that the classical model does not yield workable relationships for measurement purposes because of a lack of degrees of freedom. This deficiency stems from an insufficient specificity in the hypotheses that structure the concepts of the model. In particular, the type of utility function and the optimization process that are assumed to hold in the classical model are of such a level of generality that, except for consistency, they do not restrict appreciably consumer choices and can only provide an ex post rationalization for most observed behaviors. By contrast, and further contributing to the deficit in degrees of freedom, the specification of context within which the model is expected to hold is so specialized that it precludes the possibility of observing repetitions of the same choice process. In the present paper, we propose a way of dealing, at least partially, with the problem of degrees of freedom in the measurement of consumer demand and consumption, while remaining in the framework of a model of utility maximization.
Serum Biomarker Measurements of Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress After Daily Dosing of Sildenafil in Type 2 Diabetic Men With Erectile Dysfunction

Purpose: We investigated changes in serum biomarkers of vascular function after short-term, continuous sildenafil dosing in men with type 2 diabetes with erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods: Men with erectile dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to receive continuous, daily sildenafil (50 mg for 1 week run-in and 100 mg for 3 weeks) (148), or placebo (144) for 4 weeks (phase I) and then sildenafil (25, 50 or 100 mg) on demand for 12 weeks (phase II). Blood draws at baseline and after phases I and II were analyzed for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (endothelial function marker), 8-isoprostane (oxidative stress marker), and interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 (inflammatory cytokines). Primary and secondary erectile function outcome variables were affirmative responses on Sexual Encounter Profile question 3 (ability to maintain erection sufficient for sexual intercourse) and Erection Hardness Score, respectively.Results: Serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were incr...
Impact of thermal cycling and background gas environment on tin whiskering

(Part A) Work by Hoffman (Savannah River National Laboratory) reported Sn whiskers which grew longer in nitrogen (sealed jar) environments compared to air environments. This is of concern in electronics systems which operate in nitrogen-backfilled environments, such as hybrid circuits and sensor systems. In this work we compare Sn whiskers grown in two different environments-pure N 2 and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). After 140 days of incubation in N 2 , the compressive films had the highest whisker density (8,320 cm−2), of those in the sample set. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the sputtered Sn surface after the incubation period indicate a more complex surface structure on the samples exposed to the N 2 compared to UHV, suggesting that the details of the Sn oxide influences the whisker growth. (Part B) Under thermal cycling, Sn whiskers on electrodeposited films have been observed to display submicron striations that form perpendicular to the whisker's growth axis, hypothesized to originate from periodic film stress variations during cycling. In this work we have investigated whether striations occur in whiskers grown from sputter deposited films. The samples were exposed to two different thermal profiles cycling between −40°C and 125°C in a conventional cycling furnace. Very few whiskers were grown with any observable striations.
Robert Berne: His place in the history of purine research

Last year the purine community lost one of its leaders, Prof. Robert Berne of the University of Virginia. There is little that I can add to the eulogies that appeared at the time of his passing. Rather, I thought I would use this article to place his work in the perspective of over 200 years of research on purines that led up to and then resulted from his work. The story involves scientific notables, many of them Nobel laureates (indicated with an asterisk). Drug Dev. Res. 58:296–301, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sarcasm in Japanese

Various kinds of motivation, such as psychological and physiological, affect and determine the forms of an utterance. Often observed consistent forms of sarcastic expression are likewise configured by sarcastic motivations. These forms, though still reflecting their original sarcastic motivation, progressively become emancipated from that motivation and become increasingly rigid and arbitrary as they undergo repetition. The relationships between motivation, this process of "grammaticalization", and arbitrary linguistic signs are observable in various forms of Japanese sarcastic expression. These forms are grouped by each specific major characteristic: 1) exaggeration 2) alienation 3) informal speech 4) stylized intonation 5) glottal stop
Concepts of the text editor Lara

Lara, a text editor developed for the Lilith workstation, exemplifies the principles underlying modern text-editor design: a high degree of interactivity, an internal data structure that mirrors currently displayed text, and extensive use of bitmap controlled displays and facilities.
Evaluating the distraction potential of connected vehicles

Connected vehicles offer great potential for new sources of information, but may also introduce new sources of distraction. This paper compares three methods to quantify distraction, and focuses on one method: computational models of driver behavior. An integration of a saliency map and the Distract-R prototyping and evaluation system is proposed as a potential model. The saliency map captures the bottom-up influences of visual attention and this influence is integrated with top-down influences captured by Distract-R. The combined model will assess the effect of coordinating salient visual features and drivers' expectations, and in using both together, generate more robust predictions of performance.
Nonobstructing prosthetic speech aid during growth and orthodontic treatment

Abstract The construction of an obturator and speech appliance has been described (Fig. 11). The appliance has certain advantages. Little, if any, stress is exerted on the holding appliance because of the free movement of the disk during deglutition and speech. Only a relatively weak retaining wire is necessary because there is no need for a rigid retention of the holding appliance. Great ease is experienced in the placement and removal of the appliance because the S-shaped retaining wire makes a longer spring arm. Breathing is not interfered with because of the lack of bulk in the pharyngeal area. This appliance is easily handled by the 4- or 5-year-old child because of ease of placement and removal. Changes in the acrylic resin disk may be made with little inconvenience to the patient because it can be readily removed from the holding appliance.
Two-Photon Standing Wave Microscopy to Measure Small Scale Motions

A two-photon standing wave fluorescence experiment is used to look at the small-scale motions of fluorescently-labeled DNA in live cells and biological systems. Both photobleaching and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy versions of this experiment are presented.
Cost optimum design of doubly reinforced concrete beams

Abstract An algorithm to calculate the optimum dimensions and the amount of reinforcements for a doubly reinforced rectangular beam is presented. The method is based on ultimate strength design using rectangular stress block for concrete. Dead weight of the beam is incorporated as a variable. Cost of Concrete, cost of steel and cost of formwork are considered. The procedure is based on some logical assumptions made using the available literature on singly reinforced beams. A simple equation to determine whether a doubly reinforced concrete beam is more economical than the singly reinforced cross section has also been presented. A flow chart represents the sequence of operations. A numerical example is worked out to further clarify the design steps involved.
Different structure collective bands in the N = 87 nuclei 149Sm, 151Gd and 153Dy

Abstract The (α, 3nγ) reaction was used to study the N = 87 isotones 149 Sm, 151 Gd and 153 Dy with 35 to 45 MeV α-beams. The measurements included γ-ray singles excitation function, angular distribution, and linear polarization studies as well as γγ coincidence measurements. The high-spin level patterns are remarkably similar for the three isotones. The predominant γ-decay proceeds via E2 transitions through several parallel ΔI = 2 bands associated with the i 3 2 , h 9 2 and f 7 2 intrinsic configurations. Also observed in each nucleus is a weakly populated ΔI = 1 band, dominated by Ml radiation and built upon the h 11 2 intrinsic state. From the observed band structures we conclude that the h 11 2 configurations are strongly deformed, in contrast to the other intrinsic configurations. A simple explanation for the strongly deformed h 11 2 configurations in these otherwise weakly deformed nuclei is based upon the Nilsson diagram and shown to be related to the well known ground-state shape change occurring between 88 and 90 neutrons. Other cases, recently observed, where the same mechanism is applicable are surveyed.
N-Glycosylation is required for Na+-dependent vitamin C transporter functionality

The human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (hSVCT1 and hSVCT2) mediate cellular uptake of ascorbic acid. Both these transporters contain potential sites for N-glycosylation in their extracellular domains (Asn-138, Asn-144 [hSVCT1]; Asn-188, Asn-196 [hSVCT2]), however the role of N-glycosylation in transporter function is unexplored. On the basis of the result that tunicamycin decreased (14)C-ascorbic acid uptake in HepG2 cells, we systematically ablated all consensus N-glycosylation sites in hSVCT1 and hSVCT2 to resolve any effects on ascorbic acid uptake, transporter expression and targeting. We show that removal of individual N-glycosylation sites significantly impairs protein expression and consequently ascorbic acid uptake for hSVCT1 mutants (N138Q is retained intracellularly) and for hSVCT2 mutants (all of which reach the cell surface). N-Glycosylation is therefore essential for vitamin C transporter functionality.
Clinical and Electrophysiologic Effects of Flecainide in Patients with Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia

The electrophysiologic effects and antiarrhythmic efficacy of flecainide were evaluated by electrophysiologic study (EPS) in 20 patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to an average 2.9 drugs. In 19 patients EPSs were performed with patients not receiving antiarrhythmic medications and receiving oral flecainide therapy at steady state (mean dose, 235 +/- 67 mg/day). Flecainide significantly increased the QRS complex duration (27%, P less than .001), PR interval (17%, P less than .001), and right ventricular effective refractory periods 8.5% and 21.1% (P less than .01) for the first and second extrastimuli, respectively. During baseline EPS, 17 patients were induced into VT and two were noninducible. Flecainide prevented EPS-induced VT in five patients and the induced VT became slow and hemodynamically stable in three. Two patients who failed flecainide monotherapy were induced into slow hemodynamically stable VT with flecainide in combination with amiodarone. The two noninducible patients, during baseline EPS, had suppression of spontaneous VT with flecainide. Overall, 13 of 20 patients received flecainide either alone or in combination with amiodarone for chronic therapy. Side effects encountered during the study consisted of blurred vision, dizziness, weakness, lethargy, nausea, worsened heart failure and bradyarrhythmias. After a mean 9-month follow-up (3 to 16 months) nine patients remain on flecainide therapy. There were three recurrences of slow, hemodynamically stable VT and no episodes of sudden death. Low-dose flecainide, either alone or in combination with other agents, is effective therapy for certain patients with refractory VT but heart failure remains a significant concern in patients with depressed left ventricular function.
A survey of uranium and thorium background levels in water, urine, and hair and determination of uranium enrichments by ICP-MS

The results of radioecological investigations in the Syrdarya river basin in the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. The work was carried out under the International Navruz Project. Nuclear activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, and g-spectrometry were used to measure the element and radionuclide ( 137 Cs, 40 K and 238 U, 235 U, and 232 Th families) compositions of soil, water, bottom sediments and vegetation. Samples were collected at 15 control points in Kazakhstan along the Syrdarya river and its inflows during four expeditions (autumn 2000 and 2001, spring 2001 and 2002).
Application of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the study of semicrystalline polymers: Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

An infrared absorbance subtraction technique has been used to “isolate” bands in the composite spectrum of semicrystalline polymers according to their crystalline or amorphous character. Amorphous and crystalline spectra for annealed, melt-quenched, and solution-cast poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been separated. The spectra of the amorphous component show an increased intensity of bands associated with the trans configuration of oxygen about the CC bond when the polymer is annealed. This increased “trans” band intensity reflects the increased proportion of trans structures as a result of annealing. The amorphous trans bands are shifted approximately 1–3 cm−1 from their positions in the crystalline “trans” spectrum. The frequency shift of these bands can be attributed to the differences in chain interactions that exist in the amorphous phase and the crystalline lattice. We have also found that under identical anealing conditions the amorphous phase of the melt-quenched polymer contains an increased intensity of conformational trans bands compared to the sample cast from solution.
Anti‐A Isoagglutinins in Two Blood Type B Cats Are IgG and IgM

Summary Sera from two blood type B cats had strong isoagglutinating and isohemolyzing titers against blood type A erythrocytes. In order to determine the class of the immunoglobulins, sera from the cats were pooled, ammonium sulfate precipitated, and gel filtered using sepharose 6B to separate the immunoglobulins by molecular size. The immunoglobulin concentrate separated into two fractions. The initial part of the first fraction was shown in an ELISA to contain IgM and to be devoid of IgG by immunoelectrophoresis and to have agglutinating activity (a titer of 1:4 with a protein concentration of 0.8 mg/ml). Treating this fraction with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) eliminated agglutinating activity. The latter portion of the second column fraction was shown to contain IgG by immunoelectrophoresis, and to be devoid of IgM by ELISA. Agglutinating activity was also present in the second fraction (a titer of 1:2 with a protein concentration of 1.9 mg/ml); hemagglutinating activity was not decreased by DTT treatment. These studies show that the predominant anti-A isoagglutinating activity in pooled sera from two blood type B cats is IgM and that some isoagglutinin activity can be associated with IgG.
Actin acetylation in Drosophila tissue culture cells

In a permanent cell line derived from Drosophila embryos, cytoplasmic actin is produced as an unstable precursor, which is subsequently converted to a stable form. This conversion results in a reduction in isoelectric point, with no apparent change in molecular weight. The conversion involves an enzymatic acetylation, and results in an insensitivity to aminopeptidase digestion, suggesting N-terminal blockage. Both the acetylated and unacetylated actins can participate in the assembly of F-actin, but with different efficiencies.
An Evaluation of Lithium Sorption Isotherms and Their Application to Ground-Water Transport

Batch adsorption and desorption equilibrium experiments were used to evaluate lithium sorption on crushed tuff in contact with ground water. The laboratory studies were conducted in support of saturated zone characterization field tests to be performed near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These studies included equilibrium experiments conducted at 38C (expected subsurface temperature) for a 1- to 2,000-mg/l range of initial lithium solution concentrations. Data from the equilibrium experiments were used in the evaluation of Linear, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Modified Freundlich isotherm expressions. Comparisons of adsorption and desorption isotherms showed that lithium adsorption was reversible for solution concentrations up to 150 mg/l. This conclusion was based on F-test comparisons of predicted adsorption and desorption data from Langmuir isotherms. Lithium sorption was best represented by the nonlinear isotherms where the Langmuir gave the best fit followed by the Modified Freundlich and Freundlich. When these isotherms were used in a one-dimensional, column adsorption transport code, differences occurred in the predicted breakthrough curves. The transport results showed differences of as much as a factor of five in the time of arrival of lithium for the various isotherms depending on the influent concentration chosen. The differences in the simulation breakthrough curves indicate the importance of isothermmore » selection. Statistical discrimination and column experiments are suggested as better evaluations of isotherms that are to be incorporated into field-scale transport simulations.« less
Bacteria isolated from sewage influent resistant to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

This study assessed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in sewage influent. Resistance was measured by determining the lowest concentration of antibiotic, in micrograms per milliliter (μ g mL− 1). To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is used in diagnostic laboratories, we used the Etest, a plastic strip containing an antibiotic concentration gradient. In total, we sampled five sewage treatment plants of various sizes in Kansas and isolated bacteria resistant to three broad-spectrum antibiotics; ciprofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-yl-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid), chloramphenicol 2,2-dichlor-N-[(aR, bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenethyl] acetamide), and tetracycline (2-(amino-hydroxy-ethylidene)-4-dimethylamino-6,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione). In total, 25 Gram-negative isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Some isolates were multi-drug resistant, regardl...
Asymptotic separability in sensitivity analysis

Summary. In an observational study in which each treated subject is matched to several untreated controls by using observed pretreatment covariates, a sensitivity analysis asks how hidden biases due to unobserved covariates might alter the conclusions. The bounds required for a sensitivity analysis are the solution to an optimization problem. In general, this optimization problem is not separable, in the sense that one cannot find the needed optimum by performing a separate optimization in each matched set and combining the results. We show, however, that this optimization problem is asymptotically separable, so that when there are many matched sets a separate optimization may be performed in each matched set and the results combined to yield the correct optimum with negligible error. This is true when the Wilcoxon rank sum test or the HodgesLehmann aligned rank test is applied in matching with multiple controls. Numerical calculations show that the asymptotic approximation performs well with as few as 10 matched sets. In the case of the rank sum test, a table is given containing the separable solution. With this table, only simple arithmetic is required to conduct the sensitivity analysis. The method also supplies estimates, such as the Hodges-Lehmann estimate, and confidence intervals associated with rank tests. The method is illustrated in a study of dropping out of US high schools and the effects on cognitive test scores.
REFINING THE MEASUREMENT OF EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE (ETV) IN URBAN YOUTH

Correlational analysis, classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and multilevel Rasch modeling were used to refine a measure of adolescents' exposure to violence (ETV). Interpersonal violence could be distinguished from other potentially traumatic events; it was also possible to distinguish three routes of exposure (victimization, witnessing, and learning of). Correlations confirmed that ETV subscales are related to measures of aggression, delinquency, and depression/anxiety. Reliability was improved by combining ETV subscales and/or caregiver and youth reports. Valid and reliable measures of ETV are critical to future research in associating violence exposure with common mental health and behavioral outcomes and disorders, and tracking how early violence exposure may affect future outcomes for adolescents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 603–618, 2007.
Uptake by central nervous tissues as a mechanism for the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations

The various facets of the uptake of adenosine by central nervous tissues are described. The uptake process includes the transport of nucleoside across neuronal and glial plasma membranes and its metabolism within the cell. Much of the transported adenosine is phosphorylated into adenosine nucleotides. Inhibitors of adenosine uptake increase extracellular levels of adenosine and can thus potentiate its pharmacological actions. This may be an important component in the actions of various groups of psychoactive drugs.
Hispanism and Sephardic Studies

After reviewing inherited discourses that have shaped what we come to think of as Sephardic studies, I address from my perspective within Hispanic studies the ways in which contemporary work in Sephardic studies intersects with work being done in the wider academy (such as translation studies, diaspora studies, and African studies), and speculate on how it might develop in the coming decades. One projected path is a focus on the complexity that has characterized Sephardi experience for at least the last 1300 years, not just in the southern Mediterranean but also in northern Europe, the Americas, and parts of Africa and Asia, and that necessarily challenges the presentist bias of much contemporary postcolonial theory, which insists on the novelty/modernity of the postcolonial‐postnational character of today’s world.
An Outside-In Approach to Adjacent Bistetrahydrofuran Annonaceous Acetogenins with C2 Core Symmetry. Total Synthesis of Asimicin and a C32 Analogue

A synthesis of the Annonaceous acetogenin asimicin and a side-chain analogue has been achieved by a highly convergent route in which Grubbs cross-metathesis plays a key role.
Correlating dose and volume of irradiated lung with pulmonary function tests.

The paper by Gergel and colleagues1 in this issue of The Cancer Journal represents a new attempt to correlate dose and volume of lung irradiated with standard pulmonary function tests (PFT) in patients treated for esophageal cancer with radiotherapy and chemotherapy The goal of such research is to allow the prediction of percent loss of function based on dose volume histograms generated by 3-dimensional (3-D) treatment planning systems. In the case of the present paper, the conclusions are complicated by the concomitant use of a two-drug chemotherapy regimen containing oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
Replication past the N5-methyl-formamidopyrimidine lesion of deoxyguanosine by DNA polymerases and an improved procedure for sequence analysis of in vitro bypass products by mass spectrometry.

Oligonucleotides containing a site-specific N6-(2-deoxy-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-N-methylformamidopyrimidine (MeFapy-dGuo) lesion were synthesized, and their in vitro replication by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment (exo−) and Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) resulted in the misincorporation of Ade, Gua, and Thy opposite the MeFapy-dGuo lesion in addition to the correct insertion of Cyt. However, sequencing of the full-length extension products revealed that the initial insertion of Cyt opposite the lesion was extended most efficiently. Two sequences were examined, and the misincorporation was sequence-dependent. Improvements in the method for the mass spectrometric sequencing of the extension products were developed; a 5′-biotinylated primer strand was used that contained a dUrd near the template-primer junction. The extended primer was immobilized with streptavidin-coated beads, allowing it to be washed free of polymerase, the template ...
Step-by-step design of a gain-adjustable neuron cell

The objective of this research project is to develop an optimally sized analog CMOS neuron cell library. This neuron cell together with the optimal synapse developed previously can be used to construct a high density VLSI neural network. The standard cell library allows a neural network designer to concentrate on applying his/her networks as well as evaluating learning algorithms. In order to achieve this objective, a set of optimal design equations was derived from standard CMOS equations. This paper includes both the derivation of the design equations and the evaluation of the size (silicon area) and performance of the neuron cell.
Combined approach for extensive maxillectomy: technique and cadaveric dissection.

Abstract Background Currently described endoscopic techniques for subtotal resections of the maxilla include endoscopic medial maxillectomy and extended endoscopic medial maxillectomy; however, a complete resection of the maxilla is sometimes warranted. We describe a combined transoral and endoscopic technique for total and subtotal maxillectomy in an attempt to decrease the morbidity of traditional approaches. Methods Technical note, Feasibility, Human cadaveric dissection. Results Ten total and subtotal maxillectomies were performed in human specimens without the need of facial incisions or transfixion of the nasal septum. The pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossas were accessed and dissected in all cases. Conclusions A combined transoral and endoscopic approach is feasible and can be used in selected patients when other minimally endoscopic techniques are not indicated. The benefits of no facial incisions and/or transfixion of the nasal septum, potential improvement in hemostasis, and visual magnification may help to decrease the morbidity of traditional open approaches.
Design of a Pan-Tilt System for Substation Inspection Robot

The performance of pan-tilt system is very important to substation inspection robot when performing inspection tasks, but the existing products cannot fully meet the requirements in this application field. To solve this problem, a pan-tilt system designed for inspection robot is illustrated in this paper, and the hardware and software designing process are discussed briefly. In order to verify the control quality of this system, an experimental test has been carried out, and the pan-tilt system designed in this paper has enough ability to help inspection robot fulfill inspection tasks.
PARSEC vs. SPLASH-2: A quantitative comparison of two multithreaded benchmark suites on Chip-Multiprocessors

The PARSEC benchmark suite was recently released and has been adopted by a significant number of users within a short amount of time. This new collection of workloads is not yet fully understood by researchers. In this study we compare the SPLASH-2 and PARSEC benchmark suites with each other to gain insights into differences and similarities between the two program collections. We use standard statistical methods and machine learning to analyze the suites for redundancy and overlap on chip-multiprocessors (CMPs). Our analysis shows that PARSEC workloads are fundamentally different from SPLASH-2 benchmarks. The observed differences can be explained with two technology trends, the proliferation of CMPs and the accelerating growth of world data.
Joint probability for evaluating the schedule and cost of stochastic simulation models

The review of construction engineering and management literature shows that the occurrence of multi-performance indices in stochastic simulation models have been treated the same way as the occurrence of a single performance index. By doing so, the correlation between these indices and the impact they have on each other are ignored. Their occurrences have been treated as disjoint, which leads to errors in evaluating the probabilities of the performance indices of these models. The objectives of this paper are to present a new method that can: (1) quantify the impact of uncertainty on the project schedule and cost simultaneously; (2) calculate the conditional probability of the project cost given a specific project duration, and vice versa; (3) find the best project duration and cost that meet a specific joint probability; (4) estimate the project schedule and cost joint contingency using joint probability; and (5) generate a schedule representing a specific joint probability. The paper presents the implementation details and several case studies to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The proposed method shall provide a more accurate analysis to the output of stochastic simulation.
Neuroendocrine effects of acute nickel chloride administration in rats.

An sc injection of nickel chloride (20 and 10 mg/kg) led to a profound and consistent increase of circulating prolactin (PRL) levels after 1 day and lasted for 4 days (p < 0.001) in male rats. Increases in insulin levels occurred 1 and 2 days postinjection. The nickel-induced PRL rise could be abolished by a simultaneous administration of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB 154). In vitro incubation of pituitaries from rats that received 20 mg/kg of nickel chloride 48 hr prior to sacrifice released more PRL into the culture medium, as well as contained more PRL in the final tissue than did the pituitaries from control animals. The hypothalamic extracts (HE) obtained from hypothalami of nickel-injected rats were tested also in vitro on normal rat pituitaries and the results showed that the HE from such rats released more PRL and therefore had less prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF) than the HE obtained from control rats. The results whow that nickel chloride has effects on the endocrine system that (a) last considerably longer than previously reported, (b) are mediated through the neuroendocrine system, and (c) instead of specifically inhibiting PRL secretion from the pituitary promote high circulating PRL levels lasting from 1 to 4 days.
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN LONG CHAIN ACYL COA DEHYDROGENASE(LCAD) GENE PROMOTER REGION. † 889

LCAD is a mitochondrial flavoenzyme encoded on nuclear genome which catalizes the first reaction in fatty acid beta-oxidation. We characterized 2 kb of upstream 5′-flanking region of the human LCAD gene by sequence analysis. This promoter region lacks TATA or CAAT boxes, is extremely GC-rich, contains SP1 binding sites, and has several nuclear response element (NRRE) consensus hexamers. Chimeric plasmids containing various 5′-flanking genomic fragments fused upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase(CAT) reporter gene were transfected into human hepatoma cells, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells. Minimal promoter is -200 to +1 upstream of the Cap site. Two suppressor sequences, at -288 to -259, and -1048 to -1010 respectively, both contain two NRRE consensus binding sites, and interact with COUP-TF on gel shift analysis. To further define the promoter region of the human LCAD gene by transgenic mouse analysis, constructs containing the LCAD 5′-flanking regions, -1,800/+1 and -200/+1, linked with luciferase reporter gene excised from pT3/T7-LUC luciferase expression vector were micro-injected into mouse oocytes by standard techniques. Founder animals incorporating the LCAD-luciferase chimeric gene identified by PCR and tail DNA blot experiments were bred with normal C57BL/6J mice. F1 mice positive for the incorporated LCAD-luciferase fusion gene have been tested for expression by luciferase assay from various tissue extracts, and immunohistochemistry. Distribution of luciferase activity in various tissues of progeny of the human LCAD -200 or -1800/ luciferase indicated LCAD -200/+1 region contains an active promoter with some tissue specification; -1800/+1 region contains suppressor element. Thus, both in vitro andin vivo studies showed that LCAD NRRE-281 and LCAD NRRE-1032 contain suppressor activity, and LCAD -200/+1 contains promoter function with some tissue specificity. Funded by NIH grant #PO1-DK33487.
Effect of incubation temperature on motility and cAMP content of bovine sperm.

Abstract We have used a change in temperature to vary sperm motility in order to see if changes in glucose consumption and cellular concentration of ATP, ADP, AMP, and cyclic AMP (cAMP) are correlated with the temperature-dependent control of motility. Effect of temperature on the kinetic parameters of adenylate cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase also were studied. Glucose consumption rate was independent of adenine nucleotide concentration or energy charge. Furthermore, the percentage of progressively motile sperm and velocity of motile sperm were independent of mean cAMP concentration, in contrast to previously published data presented as evidence for the modulation of progressive motility of sperm via changes in cAMP concentration.
Pulmonary Function in Morquio's Disease: A Study of Two Siblings

Two siblings with characteristic clinical and radiologic features of Morquio's disease are presented. Detailed pulmonary function tests, including vital capacity, flow rates, lung volumes, airway resistance, and lung compliance, were performed. The ventilatory studies suggested a restricted pattern due to chest cage dysfunction. Hypoxemia was noted in one patient and was shown to be due to right-to-left shunting, probably related to the microatelectasis as a result of the restricted chest cage.
The He I 10,830 A chromosphere and filament associated structures

Full disk, He I 10 830 A solar spectroheliograms have been generated using the Haleakala Stokes polarimeter-spectrometer. The spectroheliograms, with spatial resolution of 10 × 16 arc sec and wavelength bandpass of 0.53 A, were developed for the detection of coronal holes, and have been compared with nearly simultaneous Hα and Ca K flltergrams.
Characterization of ventricular fibrillation based on monophasic action potential morphology in the human heart.

BACKGROUNDRecent studies examining mechanisms of defibrillation have focused on prolongation of graded cellular response duration during refractory period stimulation. This mechanism assumes that defibrillation shocks interact with ventricular cells during the process of repolarization.METHODS AND RESULTSTo test this assumption, we examined monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from 171 episodes of induced ventricular dysrhythmia associated with loss of systemic perfusion pressure in 22 patients undergoing nonthoracotomy defibrillator implantation. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)/polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT), defined by an irregular limb lead I morphology, was present in 156 dysrhythmia episodes. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), present in the remaining 15 episodes, was associated with regular limb lead morphology. All episodes were examined for MAP cycle length, variation, fractionation, and repolarization. VF/PVT cycle length was 215 +/- 28 msec, with a 14 +/- 7% (33 +/- 20-msec) cycle...
The smart life.

The Smart Life is an approach conceptualized from a frame of prevention, focused on youth, and aimed toward fostering independent and productive life styles. Currently, the focal concern is on African American youths, ages 12 through 18, who reside in rural areas of North Central Florida. Implemented through seminars, the Smart Life approach is grounded in theory and practice. It is built on grass roots efforts directed toward enlightening youths about the ways to improve their future through formulating goal-directed plans, and awakening their abilities to realize healthy and productive lives. The theoretical framework encompasses both Erik Erikson's psychoanalytic theory of identity development and the life cycle, as it accentuates the psychosocial nature of identify formation during adolescence, and Albert Bandura's social learning theoretical formulations specific to self-efficacy in terms of perceived self-competence.The seminars, held in various community-based settings, cover several areas. The issue to identity is always addressed. Discussions include: the meaning of being an African American, information on the history and global locations of people of African descent, and encouragement to make attachments. The other 4 critical areas that The Smart Life seminars focus on include the prevention of: crime and violence, early sexual experiences and pregnancy, alcohol and drug use and abuse, and school failure.
Salt and Aging Time Effects on the Viability of Trichinella spiralis in Heavy Dry‐cured Hams and Shoulders

SUMMARY: 28 pigs weighing approximately 100 lb were dosed with 10,000 to 15,000 excysted trichina larvae, grown to 285 lb and sacrificed. Fresh lean samples from one ham and shoulder per carcass were digested in a pepsine-HCI solution and microscopically examined to determine infection rates. 24 of the more heavily infected hams and shoulders then were selected for further observations. The hams and shoulders were dry-cured for 2 days per lb, using an 8% cure applied in 3 equal applications at 5-day intervals. The cure contained salt, sugar, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite. After curing, the meat was placed in salt equalization for 30 days, smoked for 24 hr at 100°F and aged at 75°F until termination of the study. Cored lean samples were taken from 8 hams and shoulders at weekly intervals after salt equalization and analyzed for salt concentrations and viability. Viable trichinae persisted throughout curing, salt equalization, smoking and 2 weeks of aging. Samples taken from hams and shoulders after 3 weeks of aging were found to be free of any live trichinae. Similar lean samples were taken at this time and force fed to rats for 5 days. After 8 weeks on a commercial ration the rats were sacrificed, artificially digested and examined. No trichina larvae could be recovered.
Building Bridges in Academic Nursing and Health Care Practice Settings

The purpose of this article is to describe the development and implementation of a shared position with a focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) between the Visiting Nurse Service of New York and the Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University. A preexisting relationship between the two institutions in providing student experiences in a community setting paved the way for the evolution a new collaborative effort. The shared position was initially conceived by two of the authors as an outcome of research they were conducting in the home care setting, which tested a model of mentoring frontline nurses in the EBP process on health care professional and patient outcomes. An initial conception of the new role provided a working document for discussions between the two institutions and the creation of a workable contract. The implementation of several initiatives has already provided support for the position, and each partner has benefited from building this bridge between nursing education and service. Benefits include advancing knowledge of and implementing EBP in both settings and promoting collaborative, clinically related scholarship.
Competing role of quantum localization and interfacial disorder in determining triplet exciton fission and recombination dynamics in polymer/fullerene photovoltaics

Non-geminate charge recombination is a significant source of carrier loss in organic photovoltaic systems. Recent experiments by Rao, et al. (Nature, 2013 500 , 435-439) suggest that the recombination of triplet charge-transfer ( 3 CT) states can be suppressed by careful control of the molecular order in the vicinity of the phase boundary between donor and acceptor materials polymer/fullerene bulk-heterojunction devices. In short, recombination of 3 CT states is effectively suppressed when the fullerene phase exhibits a high degree of local order near the interface. Here we report upon our theoretical model that connects energetic disorder, dimensionality, and wave function localization to show that inhomogeneous broadening introduces strong coupling between the interfacial 3 CT and nearby fullerene triplet excitons and can enhance the decay of these states in systems with higher degrees of energetic disorder.
32. Threat sensitivity is independently associated with elevated inflammation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Data from the Mind Your Heart Study

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with elevated inflammation in a number of studies. However, little is known about relationships between specific PTSD symptoms and inflammation. Exaggerated threat sensitivity and effortful avoidance could promote inflammation through effects on health behaviors and biological stress responses. Our sample included 735 Veterans Affairs patients (35% with current PTSD) who participated in the Mind Your Heart Study (mean age = 58 ± 11; 94% male). The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale was used for diagnosing PTSD and assessing threat sensitivity and avoidance. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) and fibrinogen were used as indices of inflammation. We first ran models adjusting for age, sex, race, kidney function and socioeconomic status, and then added health behavior factors including body mass index, smoking, sleep quality, alcohol use and physical activity. Patients with current PTSD had elevated CRP ( p = .04) and WBC ( p = .03) but not fibrinogen ( p = .12). Within patients with PTSD, higher threat sensitivity was associated with elevated CRP and WBC ( p p = .03). However, only the threat sensitivity findings remained significant after adjusting for health behavior factors. Exaggerated threat sensitivity may be a neurophysiological mechanism contributing to increased inflammation in PTSD.