cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of Particulate Emissions from Portable Space Heaters

Five portable space heaters with different heating mechanisms, electrical heating and liquid fuel combustion, were studied for their particulate emissions in a 31 m3 room with a ventilation rate of 3 air-changes/hr and in an 11 m3 air-tight chamber. The electrical space heaters included three conventional types having different heating elements — a heavy coil, a thin strip and a fine coil — and one new-style quartz heater in which the heating element is enclosed in a quartz tube. The liquid fuel heater was a modern type of kerosene burner with a wire heating mantle housed in a heat chamber. The conventional electrical heaters produced ultrafine particles, while the quartz and kerosene heaters released larger particles of up to 3 µm in diameter. The particle number and mass concentrations were in the ranges of 104 – 106 particles/cm3 and 1–300 µg/m3, respectively. The kerosene heater released 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more particles, both in mass and number, than the other heaters. These particles were co...
Simultaneous measurement of longitudinal and lateral piezoelectric strain coefficients using digital image correlation

Here, Digital image correlation (DIC) is demonstrated to be an accurate tool for the noncontact, non-destructive and rapid characterization of the converse piezoelectric effect in bulk and thin films. The out-of-plane (d 33 ) and in-plane (d 31 ) piezoelectric strain coupling coefficients of PZT- 5H wafers are measured simultaneously by imaging the wafer’s cross section under free mechanical boundary conditions. The large piezoresponse at switching domains and nonlinear behavior of PZT-5H are visualized in strain-electric field butterfly loops. The results show DIC as a simple advantageous technique to use for the characterization of piezoelectric materials under the influence of any field and physical constraints.
Demonstrating principles of physical optics through interactive computer simulations

Interactive simulations have been developed illustrating basic principles of physical optics in three major areas: 1) electric field behavior in various polarization states, 2) propagation of traveling plane waves through birefringent and optically-active media, and 3) Fresnel diffraction and its relationship to and interpretation with Cornu's spiral. All of these areas emphasize the wave nature of light as expressed by an oscillating electric field. These simulations make use of high-resolution (VGA) color animation in a PC/MS-DOS environment; this enhances the presentation and appeal of these simulations to students. These simulations are presently being used by 1) physics majors in an upper-level applied optics course and 2) lower-level honor students who are being introduced to research projects in physical optics. The success of these programs as a vehicle for imparting a conceptual understanding of the physical principles involved will be presented.
Measurement of low-energy beta-ray spectra using a high-pressure proportional counter

Abstract In order to eliminate self-absorption in solid and liquid sources in the study of low-energy beta-particle emitters radioactive gas is introduced in a proportional counter. The low-energy spectrum of 14C is measured and the experimental data agree with the theoretical plot from 0·5 kev upward to 7 kev within statistical limits. The cathode of the counter is made of wires and is surrounded by a ring of nine anti-coincidence guard counters. The main-counter anode is unequally divided to minimize end effects.
Online learning of load elasticity for electric vehicle charging

While electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to provide environmental and economical benefits, judicious coordination of EV charging may be necessary to prevent overloading of the distribution grid. Leveraging the smart grid infrastructure, the utility company can adjust the electricity price intelligently for individual customers to elicit desirable load curves. In this context, the present paper addresses the problem of predicting the EV charging behavior of the consumers at different prices, which is a prerequisite for the price adjustment. The dependencies on price responsiveness among neighbouring consumers are captured by adopting a conditional random field (CRF) model. To account for temporal dynamics even in an adversarial setting, the framework of online convex optimization is adopted to develop an efficient online algorithm for estimating the CRF parameters. Numerical tests verify the proposed approach.
Tianeptine increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the rat amygdala

Chronic restraint stress affects hippocampal and amygdalar synaptic plasticity as determined by electrophysiological, morphological and behavioral measures, changes that are inhibited by some but not all antidepressants. The efficacy of some classes of antidepressants is proposed to involve increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), leading to increased expression of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Conversely, some studies suggest that acute and chronic stress downregulate BDNF expression and activity. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine total and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), as well as BDNF mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus and amygdala of rats subjected to chronic restraint stress in the presence and absence of the antidepressant tianeptine. In the hippocampus, chronic restraint stress increased pCREB levels without affecting BDNF mRNA or protein expression. Tianeptine administration had no effect upon these measures in the hippocampus. In the amygdala, BDNF mRNA expression was not modulated in chronic restraint stress rats given saline in spite of increased pCREB levels. Conversely, BDNF mRNA levels were increased in the amygdala of chronic restraint stress/tianeptine rats in the absence of changes in pCREB levels when compared to non-stressed controls. Amygdalar BDNF protein increased while pCREB levels decreased in tianeptine-treated rats irrespective of stress conditions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that tianeptine concomitantly decreases pCREB while increasing BDNF expression in the rat amygdala, increases in neurotrophic factor expression that may participate in the enhancement of amygdalar synaptic plasticity mediated by tianeptine.
Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning

Sir .—In the marginal comment "Fatal Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A New Concern for Pediatricians" (Journal1982; 136: 974-975), Lovejoy described the newly reported gasping syndrome associated with the use of benzyl alcohol-preserved solutions. On the basis of these data, the Food and Drug Administration sent letters to health care personnel urging them not to use benzyl alcohol-preserved solutions in premature infants. 1-4 At approximately the same time, a summary of the available data concerning the syndrome and the FDA warning was published in the Centers for Disease Control's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . 5 Because all premature infants delivered in the United States would be at theoretical risk for exposure to benzyl alcohol-preserved solutions, these warnings were of considerable public health significance. To evaluate the effect of the FDA warning, we did a mail survey in September 1982 of past and present benzyl alcohol preservative use
Application of data consistency tests and new parameter estimation methods to microbial growth on corn dust in batch culture

The microorganism Candida utilis was grown on both filtered and unfiltered substrate obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of starch in corn dust. For growth on filtered substrate, the average integrated biomass energetic yield value based on biomass-substrate data was η = 0.55 and for growth on unfiltered substrate an average yield value of η = 0.59 was obtained. Material and energy balances showed that the presence of unfiltered corn residue in the media had no significant effect on the yields. Statistical methods were developed and used to obtain best estimates of the growth parameters. Values of the biomass energetic yield corrected for maintenance (ηmax = 0.619) and the maintenance coefficient (me = 0.043) were obtained for growth on filtered substrate. Values of ηmax = 0.741 and me = 0.142 were obtained for the growth on unfiltered substrate. The consistency of data and parameter estimates was relatively good for filtered substrate; however, parameter estimates for unfiltered substrate were not consistent. Growth experiments without filtration of the products of starch hydrolysis resulted in protein-enriched products with about 39.73% protein.
Probing single-molecule enzyme active-site conformational state intermittent coherence.

The relationship between protein conformational dynamics and enzymatic reactions has been a fundamental focus in modern enzymology. Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with a combined statistical data analysis approach, we have identified the intermittently appearing coherence of the enzymatic conformational state from the recorded single-molecule intensity–time trajectories of enzyme 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (HPPK) in catalytic reaction. The coherent conformational state dynamics suggests that the enzymatic catalysis involves a multistep conformational motion along the coordinates of substrate–enzyme complex formation and product releasing, presenting as an extreme dynamic behavior intrinsically related to the time bunching effect that we have reported previously. The coherence frequency, identified by statistical results of the correlation function analysis from single-molecule FRET trajectories, increases with the increasing substrate concentra...
Quality credentialing: Boon or boondoggle?

As a surgeon in a private practice surgical group, you have just been informed that an emergency meeting has been called this evening for your group to discuss a crisis with a major private insurance payor. Several members of the group, including a vascular surgeon, a general surgeon, and an orthopedist, have been excluded from future reimbursements because they were not credentialed as higher-quality specialists. The higher-quality specialists were designated as such because of their lower admission rates, lower readmission rates, shorter lengths of hospital stay, and fewer complications according to the insurance company's practice screens. Those surgeons not included will, by not being on the preferred list, become known to the other insurers. This particular insurer accounts for a double-digit share of the group's income and your income. Otherwise, this payor has paid well, and transactions have been relatively hassle free. What should the group's response to this latest intrusion be?
Direct comparison of particle-tracking and sectional approaches for shock driven flows

Dispersed-phase flows are important for a wide variety of problems, and several numerical approaches for the solution of dispersed-phase flows have been proposed and implemented in the past. The present research implements two popular approaches to dispersed-phase flows: the Lagrangian particle-tracking approach and the Eulerian sectional approach. A direct comparison between the two methods is made for a range of shock driven seeded flow-fields. First, different drag models are investigated using the particle-tracking method for a range of conditions, and then direct comparisons between the two methods are made for shock speed attenuation and shock-wave profiles. In addition, resolution requirements are investigated to determine the number of sections and the number of particles required to obtain good agreement between the methods, and then two-dimensional simulations are done to investigate the effect of each method on more complicated flow-fields. Results showed both methods can be used to obtain very...
A linear programming approach to NLOS error mitigation in sensor networks

In this paper, we propose a linear programming approach to the problem of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error mitigation in sensor networks. The locations of sensor nodes can be estimated using range or distance estimates from location-aware "anchor" nodes. In the absence of line-of-sight (LOS) between the sensor and anchor nodes, e.g., in indoor networks, the NLOS range estimates can be severely biased. If these biased range estimates are directly incorporated into practical location estimators such as the least-squares (LS) estimator without the mitigation of these bias errors, this can potentially lead to degradation in the accuracy of sensor location estimates. On the other hand, discarding the biased range estimates may not be a viable option, since the number of range estimates available may be limited. We present a novel NLOS bias mitigation scheme, based on linear programming, which (i) allows us to incorporate NLOS range information into sensor location-estimation, but (ii) does not allow NLOS bias errors to degrade sensor localization accuracy.
Blast Simulator Testing of Structures: Methodology and Validation

The blast simulator at the University of California, San Diego is a unique tool for conducting full-scale testing of blast effects on structures without the use of explosive materials. This blast simulator uses high speed hydraulic actuators to launch specially designed modules toward the specimen, thereby imparting impulse in a blast-like manner. This method of testing offers numerous advantages over field tests with actual explosives, including cost, turn-around time, repeatability, and a clear view of the progression of damage in the specimen. The viability of this method is established by comparing results obtained in the blast simulator with results obtained with actual explosives. The process by which the impulse is imparted to the specimen is then described by a detailed model based on the equivalent single degree of freedom method. Impulse calculated by the model is found to be in good agreement with the experimentally recorded values. Calculated impulse is found to be relatively insensitive to assumptions made about the specimen's resistance function (often not well known before a test) implying that the model can be used with confidence in designing an experimental study.
Evaporation residue excitation functions for 35Cl induced reactions of 112, 120Sn and 141Pr☆

Abstract Evaporation residue excitation functions have been measured for 35 Cl ions up to 170 MeV (lab) on targets of 112, 120 Sn and 141 Pr. These values are combined with previously reported fission excitation functions to give fusion excitation functions. Classical analysis of these results yield fusion barriers and fusion radii. Earlier results are confirmed: as the target atomic number increases the required density penetration at the fusion barrier increases. The percentage of the reaction cross section undergoing fusion monotonically decreases as the targets go from 27 Al to 141 Pr. The nuclear contribution to the fusion barrier deduced from these measurements is compared with several model predictions and is found to be in satisfactory agreement with the models due to Bass and Krappe and Nix.
Interaction of RNA-binding Proteins HuR and AUF1 with the Human ATF3 mRNA 3′-Untranslated Region Regulates Its Amino Acid Limitation-induced Stabilization

ATF3 expression is induced in cells exposed to a variety of stress conditions, including nutrient limitation. Here we demonstrated that the mechanism by which the ATF3 mRNA content is increased following amino acid limitation of human HepG2 hepatoma cells is mRNA stabilization. Analysis of ATF3 mRNA turnover revealed that the half-life was increased from about 1 h in control cells to greater than 8 h in the histidine-deprived state, demonstrating mRNA stabilization in response to nutrient deprivation. Treatment of HepG2 cells with thapsigargin, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, also increased the half-life of ATF3 mRNA. HuR is an RNA-binding protein that regulates both the stability and cytoplasmic/nuclear localization of mRNA species containing AU-rich elements. Another RNA-binding protein, AUF1, regulates target mRNA molecules by enhancing their decay. Amino acid limitation caused a slightly elevated mRNA level for HuR and AUF1 mRNA. The nuclear HuR protein content was unchanged, and AUF1 protein increased slightly after amino acid limitation, whereas the cytoplasmic levels of both HuR and AUF1 protein increased. Immunoprecipitation of HuR-RNA complexes followed by reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that HuR interacted with ATF3 mRNA in vivo and that this interaction increased following amino acid limitation. In contrast, the interaction of AUF1 with the ATF3 mRNA is decreased in histidine-deprived cells relative to control cells. Suppression of HuR expression by RNA interference partially blocked the accumulation of ATF3 mRNA following amino acid deprivation. The results demonstrated that coordinated regulation of mRNA stability by HuR and AUF1 proteins contributes to the observed increase in ATF3 expression following amino acid limitation.
Age-smooth properties of mixture models

The tail behavior or age-smoothness of a lifetime distribution is an important property from both the theoretical and practical points of view. There are several ways of describing tail behavior. One is to use the failure rate, another uses the mean residual life, and a third uses the conditional survival probability. This article discusses whether a mixture of distribution functions reflects the age-smoothness property of the components making up the mixture for each of the above three type descriptors of tail behavior. Using the criteria of tail behavior, the article further defines strong and weak subpopulations, and shows that the strong subpopulation tail behavior will asymptotically dominate the mixture population and hence the reliability quality of mixture population can be improved by applying burn-in.
Nonparametric Statistics: Use and Nonuse:

This paper clarifies the distinctions among parametric, non-parametric, and distribution free statistical tests. The principal circumstances prompting the use of nonparametric procedures, both rank...
The morphological response of Kc-H cells to ecdysteroids: Hormonal specificity

Cells of the line Kc, derived fromDrosophila melanogaster embryos, extend long processes when exposed to ecdysteroid hormones. We have devised a quantitative assay for this morphological response, using the subline Kc-H. The assay was used to characterize the conditions required for the response. A halfmaximal response is elicited by approximately 10-8M 20-hydroxyecdysone; the response is saturated by 10-7M 20-hydroxyecdysone, which causes detectable elongation within a few hours, and a maximal response after 2-3 days. The response occurs substantially normally in the absence of serum, during growth in suspension, and in over-crowded cultures. It is not elicited by cyclic nucleotides, vertebrate growth factors, or a variety of other non-ecdysteroid reagents. Of 60 ecdysteroid compounds tested, only those which were active in other insect test systems elicited the response, and the concentrations required were approximately proportional to the concentrations active in other in vitro systems. We conclude that the response of Kc cells to 20-hydroxyecdysone retains basic features of the ecdysteroid response of intact tissues and therefore that Kc cells are a useful model system for studying ecdysteroid action.
Comparative effects of ethanol on motor activity and operant behavior.

Abstract Ethanol effects on two types of motor activity and on lever responding for food delivered on a fixed-ratio 20 (FR 20) reinforcement schedule were compared using C57BL/6 (C57) mice. Low doses of ethanol (1–2 g/kg) transiently elevated horizontal activity and high doses (2.5 and 3.0 g/kg) reduced this behavior throughout testing with a slight recovery toward the end of a 16-min test period. In contrast, similar ethanol doses produced a monotonic reduction in both vertical activity and lever responding for food under the FR 20 schedule. The ethanol-induced reduction in FR 20 lever responding was less prolonged than the reduction in vertical activity but was more prolonged than the reduction in horizontal activity. Because vertical activity and lever responding for food delivered on the FR 20 schedule were never elevated, were reduced at ethanol doses that either stimulated or depressed horizontal activity, and were unaffected by low ethanol doses that did not affect horizontal activity, it is unlikely that either are sensitive to the stimulatory effects of ethanol. Accountable mechanisms for the different effects of ethanol on the three behaviors are unknown; however, the present study eliminates ethanol dose, postinjection time, testing time and food deprivation condition as possible reasons for the differences.
Solubilities of Cs2UCl6, Cs2UO2Cl4 and Cs2PuCl6 in hydrochloric acid☆

Abstract The solubilities of Cs 2 UCl 6 , Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 and Cs 2 PuCl 6 have been determined in the concentration range 1–12 M HCl. The possible use of Cs 2 UCl 6 and Cs 2 PuCl 6 as starting materials in the preparation of U and PU metals is mentioned.
From My Grandmother's Bedside: Sketches of Postwar Tokyo . By Norma Field. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. xv, 204 pp. $24.95.

From My Grandmother's Bedside is an experiment in genre, a moving and evocative reflection on contemporary Japan, human desire, family relations, life, and death. Norma Field, the daughter of a Japanese woman and an American G.I., returned to Japan in 1995 to tend to her slowly dying grandmother, who had been rendered speechless by multiple strokes. What she finds - both in the memories of her childhood in her grandmother's household and in the altered face of postmodern Japan - forms the substance of her narrative, narrative that transcends both memoir and essay to reveal, through crafted fragments, a refraction of the whole of Japan. She juxtaposes details from daily life - conversations overheard on the subway; arguments between her mother and aunts; the struggle to feed, bathe, and care for her grandmother - with observations on the political and social changes that have transformed Japan. She gently folds back the complicated layers of blame and responsibility for the war, touching in the process on subjects as diverse as the effects of the atomic bomb, comfort women, biracial/bicultural families, the last farewells of kamikaze pilots, and the dehumanizing effects of Japan's postwar economic boom.
Temporal and spatial modulation of a cytoskeletal antigen during peripheral axonal pathfinding

A neuron-specific cytoskeletal antigen (5E10), whose expression pattern during initial motoneuron outgrowth into the chick limb suggests that it is playing a role in axon guidance, is described. This antigen, which was shown to be a phosphorylated epitope, probably of the intermediate weight neurofilament protein (NF-M), exhibits a highly stereotyped and spatially heterogeneous pattern of expression. The point of onset of expression, which was abrupt and occurred in the distal axon and base of the growth cone, differed between groups of neurons that projected to different targets. Specifically, expression occurred from positions where previous perturbation experiments suggested that the axons in question would begin responding to specific guidance cues, and it remained high along the axon from this point to the target. Expression of this antigen could also be induced in cultured motoneurons by activating several second messenger systems.
Durable response of metastatic endometrial carcinoma to treatment with fulvestrant (Faslodex®) after prior progestin and anastrozole therapy

Abstract Background. Patients with metastatic endometrial carcinoma may respond to hormonal therapy with progestins. There is a need for new therapies for hormone-responsive disease. Case. We report a patient with metastatic endometrial carcinoma to the lungs, who after progressing on progestin therapy, had a lengthy remission with anastrozole; upon further progression, fulvestrant (Faslodex®) was instituted, with a resultant partial remission, which has been sustained for almost 3 years. Conclusion. In this case, fulvestrant therapy was successful even in the face of prior anastrozole and megestrol. The activity of fulvestrant in patients with metastatic endometrial carcinoma should be further explored, especially in situations in which the tumor is well differentiated and/or expresses hormone receptors.
Pharmacist-patient relationships: authoritarian, participatory, or default?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of pharmacist-patient relationships in New Mexico community pharmacies. A total of 344 pharmacy personnel-patient interactions were observed. Pharmacists interacted with only 57% of patients who were picking up their prescriptions. Pharmacists used an extensive participatory style with only 13% of the patients who they interacted with. Pharmacists were significantly more likely to use a participatory style with older patients and with patients who were picking up refill prescriptions. The average length of pharmacist-patient encounters was just less than 2 min (114 s). Pharmacist-patient interactions were significantly longer if: (1) pharmacists used more of a participatory approach with patients and (2) pharmacists gave more drug information to patients.
Cross-contamination during lyophilization

Abstract Cross-contamination during lyophilization was studied in two freeze-dryers. Suspensions of test organisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) sensitive to colistin and neomycin, respectively, were dispensed into vials, freeze-dried, and plated on an agar medium containing colistin or neomycin. In a small, chambered freeze-dryer, 0.8–3.3% cross-contamination occurred when each side of the tray had a different organism, and 8.3–13.3% when a cluster of vials in the middle was surrounded by vials with the other organism. Preliminary results in a larger freeze-dryer showed no shelf-to-shelf cross-contamination. Since the condenser port of the smaller freeze-dryer was underneath the shelf holding the vials during sublimation, and the larger freeze-dryer had a port in the rear wall of the chamber, cross-contamination may be dictated (at least partially) by this condition.
Dynamics of female friendship in the later eighteenth century

(2001). Dynamics of female friendship in the later eighteenth century. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: Vol. 23, Women's friendships and lesbian sexuality, pp. 221-239.
Multipoint Boundary Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Systems

Abstract Solutions, u(x), of the first order system, u′ = ƒ(x, u), satisfying the multipoint boundary conditions, ∑kj = 1Mju(xj) = r, are differentiated with respect to the com components of r and with respect to the boundary points, xj, where M1, ..., Mk are n × n constant real matrices, r ∈ R n, and x1
The terminal, the futile, and the psychiatrically disordered.

Abstract The various jurisdictions worldwide that now legally permit assisted suicide (or voluntary euthanasia) vary concerning the medical conditions needed to be legally eligible for assisted suicide. Some jurisdictions require that an individual be suffering from an unbearable and futile medical condition that cannot be alleviated. Others require that individuals must be suffering from a terminal illness that will result in death within a specified timeframe, such as six months. Popular and academic discourse about assisted suicide paradigmatically focuses on individuals with ‘physical,’ i.e., non-psychiatric medical conditions, such as cancer or AIDS. Here I defend analyses of the notions of unbearable suffering, futility, and terminality that imply that, regardless of which of these medical conditions is invoked, at least some individuals with severe and persistent psychiatric illnesses satisfy these conditions and ought to be classified as legally eligible for assisted suicide. The legal and moral case for a right to assisted suicide is therefore not in principle weaker for the severely psychiatrically disordered than for those with ‘typical’ terminal or futile medical conditions.
Microfabricated Shear Stress Sensors, Part 1: Design and Fabrication

The design and fabrication of shear stress sensors based on the floating-element method and polysilicon-surface-micromachining technology is reported. Three designs have been developed for microfabrication, two including monolithic integration of mechanical sensor elements with on-chip circuitry. The first design is four-mask standard polysilicon-surface-micromachining process to develop passive floating-element sensors with optically determined deflection sensitivity. The second-generation devices are fabricated in a six-mask modified N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor process, where sensor elements and signal conditioning circuitry have been integrated on the sensor die for amplified voltage output. The third design modifies the commercially available micromachined by replacing the accelerometer element with a shear-stress-sensitive floating element, enabling active sensing for linear response and self-test features
Evolutionary computing approach for evaluating flory distribution curves in gel permeation chromatography: Study of the poly(1‐octene) system

We carried out deconvolution of the molecular weight distribution curves from gel permeation chromatography for polyolefins into individual active sites considering Flory distribution by an evolutionary-computing-based real-coded genetic algorithm, a nonlinear multivariate optimization algorithm. We applied the deconvolution to homopolymers of 1-octene synthesized using heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts with different amounts of hydrogen. The molecular weight distribution was deconvoluted in to five Flory distributions, which showed a sensitivity to hydrogen amounts. With no hydrogen presence, the peaks corresponding to high-molecular-weight fractions were intense. As the amount of hydrogen was increased, not only did the intensities of the high-molecular-weight peaks decrease, but also peaks corresponding to low-molecular-weight fractions were observed. The method allowed us to determine the active site distribution of the polymer molecular weight distribution obtained from gel permeation chromatography. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Transport Phenomena In Zonal Centrifuge Rotors. VI. Concentration-Dependent Diffusivities of Potassium Citrate and Potassium Tartrate In Aqueous Solutions

Abstract Concentration-dependent diffusivities of potassium citrate and potassium tartrate in aqueous solution were measured by a miorointerferometrio method for solute concentrations ranging from 0.103 to 0.670 grams solute per ml. Empirical formulas for the diffusivity and an activity coefficient of both solutes are presented as a function of solute concentrations.
Comparison of the ability of ferric complexes to catalyze microsomal chemiluminescence, lipid peroxidation, and hydroxyl radical generation

Abstract The interaction of microsomes with iron and NADPH to generate active oxygen radicals was determined by assaying for low level chemiluminescence. The ability of several ferric complexes to catalyze light emission was compared to their effect on microsomal lipid peroxidation or hydroxyl radical generation. In the absence of added iron, microsomal light emission was very low; chemiluminescence could be enhanced by several cycles of freeze-thawing of the microsomes. The addition of ferric ammonium sulfate, ferric-citrate, or ferric-ADP produced an increase in chemiluminescence, whereas ferric-EDTA or -diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (detapac) were inhibitory. The same response to these ferric complexes was found when assaying for malondialdehyde as an index of microsomal lipid peroxidation. In contrast, hydroxyl radical generation, assessed as oxidation of chemical scavengers, was significantly enhanced in the presence of ferric-EDTA and -detapac and only weakly elevated by the other ferric complexes. Ferric-desferrioxamine was essentially inert in catalyzing any of these reactions. Chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation were not affected by Superoxide dismutase, catalase, or competitive hydroxyl radical scavengers whereas hydroxyl radical production was decreased by the latter two but not by Superoxide dismutase. Chemiluminescence was decreased by the antioxidants propylgallate or glutathione and by inhibiting NADPH-cytochrome P -450 reductase with copper, but was not inhibited by metyrapone or carbon monoxide. The similar pattern exhibited by ferric complexes on microsomal light emission and lipid peroxidation, and the same response of both processes to radical scavenging agents, suggests a close association between chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation, whereas both processes can be readily dissociated from free hydroxyl radical generation by microsomes.
Brainwashing random asymmetric “neural” networks

Abstract An algorithm for synaptic modification (plasticity) is described by which a recurrently connected network of neuron-like units can organize itself to produce a sequence of activation states that does not repeat itself for a very long time. During the self-organization stage, the connections between the units undergo non-Hebbian modifications, which tend to decorrelate the activity of the units, thereby lengthening the period of the cyclic modes inherent in the network. It is shown that the peridiodicity of the activity rises exponentially with the amount of exposure to this plasticity algorithm. Threshold is also a critical parameter in determining cycle lengths, as is the rate of decay of the fields that accumulate at silent units.
Creating a community resource for protein science

Helen Berman is the recipient of the Protein Society 2012 Carl Branden Award In addition to being one of the early pioneers in protein crystallography, Carl Branden made significant contributions to science education with his elegant and beautifully illustrated book Introduction to Protein Structure (Branden and Tooze, New York: Garland, 1991). It is truly an honor to receive this award in their names. This award and the 40th anniversary of the Protein Data Bank (PDB; Berman et al., Structure 2012;20:391–396) have given me an opportunity to reflect on the various components that have contributed to building a resource for protein science and to try to quantify the impact of having PDB data openly available.
40Ar39Ar whole-rock dating and the age of cleavage in the Finnmark autochthon, northernmost Scandinavian caledonides

Abstract Four variably cleaved samples of red shale/slate were collected from the Nyborg Formation (Vestertana Group) exposed in the Finnmark autochthon, northernmost Scandinavian Caledonides. Quartz-normalized illite crystallinity values suggest metamorphism varied between upper diagenesis/lower anchizone (east) and lower anchizone/middle anchizone (west). The samples display similarly discordant 40 Ar 39 Ar whole-rock age and K Ca spectra with total-gas ages ranging between ∼606 and ∼661 Ma. Spectra complexity is a result of evolution of gas from relatively non-retentive chlorite, white mica, and relatively refractory detrital plagioclase. Apparent ages defined by intermediate-temperature increments are relatively constant within each sample but show marked intersample variations (550–575 to 635–650 Ma). Three size fractions (1–2, 2–4, and 4–8 μm) were separated from the sample containing the least chlorite. The two coarser fractions contain numerous rock fragments and display 40 Ar 39 Ar age and K Ca spectra similar to the whole rock. The 1–2 μm fraction is largely comprised of individual mineral grains. Gas increments evolved between 375° and 495°C record similar K Ca ratios but systematically increasing apparent ages between ∼637 and ∼783 Ma. These results suggest that the 1–2 μm fraction is composed of detrital white-mica grains which were affected by a diagenetically related geologic disturbance at ∼635 Ma. Although the affects of a Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician orogenic event (Finnmarkian Orogeny) have been locally described from portions of the overlying Caledonian allochthons, no clear record of correlative tectonothermal activity has been documented within samples from the Finnmark autochthon.
Dynamic Measurements of Micro-Meter Particle Detachment on Glass Surfaces

This work presents a high resolution study of the condition under which a transient fluid flow causes spherical glass beads particles of 10–100 μm in size to detach from glass surfaces. The general approach is to conduct well-controlled experiments, to observe individual microparticle motion in short term resuspension, within a period up to 5s, and to focus on the basic detachment mechanisms of the resuspended particles to fully understand and quantify the behavior of particles immediately before liftoff. Particle tracking obtained from high-speed imaging of individual particle with 4000 frames/s, reveal three different types of motion: rolling/bouncing, immediate liftoff (where the particle showed immediate liftoff without any initial rolling/bouncing) and complex motion where particles travel with rolling/bouncing motion on the surface for a certain distance before liftoff. The longer it will take the particle to start its initial movement the more rapid is the liftoff once motion is initiated. The majority of particle trajectories from the glass substrate were parallel to the surface with complex motion, covering 25% of the total distance traveled in rolling/bouncing motion before liftoff. Additionally, Single layer detachment showed that the detachment percentage initially follow an exponentially increasing trend for a period of ∼ 1s, followed by a plateau phase for a period of 5s.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Manganese fluxes from Mississippi Delta sediments

Abstract Massive sediment deposition on the Mississippi River Delta establishes reducing conditions sufficient to bring about Mn dissolution in the top millimeters of sediment. As a result, significant fluxes of dissolved Mn pass from the Delta sediments to the overlying water column. This process is examined by study of chemical partitioning of Mn in river particulates and Delta sediments and from interstitial water chemistry. Remobilized Mn is actively transported away from the Delta area with aluminosilicate detritus thereby providing “excess” Mn to the deep Gulf of Mexico at the expense of the Delta sediments.
A model for predicting primary creep damage in axial cracked cylinders—I. Theory

Abstract Primary creep damage may occur at a crack tip in steel at room temperature and below. The effect of this time dependent damage is generally neglected. Recently developed experimental data clearly show that, for some materials, neglecting time dependent deformation and damage may be quite non-conservative and dangerous in certain practical applications. This paper presents a new primary creep crack growth damage model. The theoretical developments of the model were presented elsewhere [F. W. Brust and B.N. Leis, Int. J. Fracture54, 45–63 (1992)]. The model was verified by comparison of finite element solutions and primary creep crack growth tests on single edge notch and center crack panel geometries. Here the model is extended to be applicable to axial through-wall cracked cylinders. Comparisons of model predictions to experimental data are presented in the companion Part II paper [F. W. Brust and B.N. Leis, Engng Fracture Mech.43, 629–639 (1992)]. The new model can be easily placed in a probabilistic framework due to its accuracy and simplicity.
An analysis of technical aspects of the arthroscopic Bankart procedure as performed in the United States.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the intersurgeon variation in technical aspects of performing an arthroscopic Bankart repair. Methods A unique approach with experienced equipment representatives from 3 different arthroscopic companies was used. Experienced representatives were identified by DePuy Mitek, Smith & Nephew, and Arthrex and filled out questionnaires on how their surgeons performed arthroscopic Bankart procedures. This was performed in a blinded fashion with no knowledge of the identities of the specific surgeons or representatives by us. A video on different aspects of the procedure was observed by each representative before filling out the questionnaire to help standardize responses. Data were collected using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). Data were analyzed as an infrequent observation with 0% to 30% of representatives reporting the observation; sometimes, 31% to 70% reporting the observation; and often, greater than 70% of representatives reporting. Results Seventy-six percent of representatives had 6 or more years of arthroscopic experience. Forty-three percent of representatives reported that their surgeons use 3 portals for the procedure often. Forty-four percent reported that viewing was performed exclusively from the posterior portal while the surgeon was performing the repair. Seventy-three percent reported that the Hill-Sachs lesion was observed often, and 61% reported that the posterior labrum was evaluated often before the repair. Only 25% of representatives reported that the Bankart lesion was extensively released and mobilized often. Thirty-three percent reported 3 anchors as being used often. Seventy-five percent reported biocomposite anchors as being used often. Single-loaded anchors were reported as being used often by 47%. Eighty-one percent reported that sutures were placed in a simple fashion. Eighty-three percent reported the use of any posterior sutures or anchors for additional plication as infrequent. Conclusions There is significant variation in performance of the arthroscopic Bankart repair in the United States. Areas of concern include completeness of the diagnostic examination, the adequacy of capsulolabral mobilization, variation in the use of accessory portals, and inconsistent use of additional capsular or labral plication or fixation.
A Microprojector for Use in Scale Studies

(1968). A Microprojector for Use in Scale Studies. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 118-119.
Mannich bases from 5‐nitro‐2‐acetylfuran and 5‐nitro‐2‐furfuralacetone *

Abstract Eleven Mannich bases derived from 5‐nitro‐2‐acetylfuran and 5‐nitro‐2‐furfuralacetone have been prepared using various dialkyl and heterocyclic secondary amines. These β‐aminoketones are to be screened for possible pharmacodynamic activity.
Rootworm and mechanical damage effects on root morphology and water relations in maize.

(...)Plants were damaged at the V9 stage of leaf development by prior infestation with 50 or 150 larvae per plant or by cutting 25 or 75% of the root system from the plant. There were no differences in relative water content, leaf water potential or stomatal conductance between infested plants or controls at V9; at tassel, however, LWP was significantly higher and SC was significantly less in infested plants. Mechanical cutting of roots caused significant differences in RWC and SC at both sampling dates(...)
The Transient Response of Transistors and Diodes to Ionizing Radiation

Mathematical models describing the response of diodes and transistors to ionizing radiation are derived from the continuity and diffusion equations and, in the case of the transistor, the charge control model. Solutions are obtained for both steady-state and transient radiation environments. In addition to being of use in understanding device behavior, these solutions also indicate those device parameters which must be optimized to reduce transient response and therefore provide criteria for the design and/or selection of devices with minimum response. A model is also presented which describes the nonlinear effect of collector multiplication upon the collector photocurrent of a transistor. This model is used as a basis for explaining and predicting the nonlinear relation between the peak photo-response and the radiation dose which has been observed in some devices.
Effects of Praise and its Source on Performance

Catano's (1975) study was replicated to assess the effects of the experimenter's vs peers' praise and also the shift from quality to quantity in performance as a function of praise. 60 undergraduat...
Multiple primary melanoma revisited.

BACKGROUND Incidence of cutaneous melanoma continues to increase in the Caucasian population worldwide. Approximately 5% of melanoma patients develop additional primary melanoma. This rate is significantly higher than the estimated lifetime risk of an individual for developing the disease (1.4%). These features suggest that a genetic predisposition may underlie multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). Prior studies had identified CDKN2A mutations in a few MPM individuals. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of family history of melanoma in MPM cases, to characterize other clinical features including history of other cancer, and to determine the association with functional CDKN2A mutations. METHODS This study used a case series design. All living patients who had been seen in the Pigmented Lesion Clinic at the University of Pennsylvania and who had more than one primary invasive malignant melanoma or an invasive primary followed by an in situ melanoma were eligible for participation. RESULTS Individuals with MPM frequently had a family history of melanoma, dysplastic nevi (DN), and/or another cancer including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma breast cancer, and a personal history of DN, and basal cell carcinoma. Germline mutations in CDKN2A gene were identified in 8 of 96 MPM cases (8.3%, 95% confidence interval, 6.7–9.9%). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the presence of MPM is associated with a modest incidence of a family history of melanoma, DN, or BCC and a small association with CDKN2A mutations. Therefore, in addition to the MPM index case, other family members can benefit from screening and regular surveillance for melanoma, DN, and BCC. Cancer 2002;94:2248–55. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10454
Hetonic Explosions: The Breakup and Spread of Warm Pools as Explained by Baroclinic Point Vortices

Abstract As an alternative to small amplitude continuous theories we study the disintegration of warm pools of fluid on a rotating earth using clouds of baroclinic point vortices, or hetons. The equations describing the motion of the hetons are relatively simple ordinary differential equations whose numerical integration makes it possible to physically interpret the temporal evolution of finite amplitude disturbances. Using experience with small numbers of hetons as a guide, a heuristic model is proposed. This predicts that the number of baroclinic vortices forming at the rim of a circular warm pool is given by the radius of the pool divided by 1.27 times the Rossby radius, while these vortices should expand outward at a rate given by 1.65 times the Rossby radius times the vorticity density of the pool. The first prediction is in agreement with previous laboratory experiments while the second has not previously been reported.