cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amygdala volume in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies

Major depressive disorder has been associated with volumetric abnormality in the amygdala. In this meta-analysis we examine results from magnetic resonance imaging volumetry studies of the amygdala in depression in order to assess both the nature of the relationship between depression and amygdala volume as well as the influence of extraexperimental factors that may account for significant variability in reported findings. We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases for articles published from 1985 to 2008 that used the wildcard terms 'Depress*' and 'Amygdal*' in the title, keywords or abstract. From the 13 studies that met inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis, we calculated aggregate effect size and heterogeneity estimates from amygdala volumetric data; we then used meta-regression to determine whether variability in specific extraexperimental factors accounted for variability in findings. The lack of a reliable difference in amygdala volume between depressed and never-depressed individuals was accounted for by a positive correlation between amygdala volume differences and the proportion of medicated depressed persons in study samples: whereas the aggregate effect size calculated from studies that included only medicated individuals indicated that amygdala volume was significantly increased in depressed relative to healthy persons, studies with only unmedicated depressed individuals showed a reliable decrease in amygdala volume in depression. These findings are consistent with a formulation in which an antidepressant-mediated increase in levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes neurogenesis and protects against glucocorticoid toxicity in the amygdala in medicated but not in unmedicated depression.
Intraspecific Diversity of Vibrio vulnificus in Galveston Bay Water and Oysters as Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR was used to analyze the temporal and spatial intraspecific diversity of 208 Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from Galveston Bay water and oysters at five different sites between June 2000 and June 2001. V. vulnificus was not detected during the winter months (December through February). The densities of V. vulnificus in water and oysters were positively correlated with water temperature. Cluster analysis of RAPD PCR profiles of the 208 V. vulnificus isolates revealed a high level of intraspecific diversity among the strains. No correlation was found between the intraspecific diversity among the isolates and sampling site or source of isolation. After not being detected during the winter months, the genetic diversity of V. vulnificus strains first isolated in March was 0.9167. Beginning in April, a higher level of intraspecific diversity (0.9933) and a major shift in population structure were observed among V. vulnificus isolates. These results suggest that a great genetic diversity of V. vulnificus strains exists in Galveston Bay water and oysters and that the population structure of this species is linked to changes in environmental conditions, especially temperature.
Isolation and Biological Properties of Osteopontin from Bovine Milk

A procedure for the isolation of osteopontin (OPN) from bovine milk using ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography is described. A DEAE-Sephacel column followed by dual phenyl-Sepharose columns yielded approximately 8 mg of purified protein per liter of milk. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the protein migrated at M(r) 60,000. NH2-terminal sequence analysis of the first seven amino acids revealed the protein to be identical to that previously reported for bovine OPN. Also, our preparation demonstrated expected biological properties of OPN including adhesion of both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells to OPN in a dose- and Arg-Gly-Asp-dependent manner. Furthermore, OPN coupled to Sepharose was capable of binding the alpha v beta 3 integrin from a detergent extract of endothelial cells. Thus, our procedure yielded biologically active OPN from an abundant and natural source.
Miniaturization and its effects on cranial morphology in plethodontid salamanders, genus Thorius (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). I. Osteological variation

Cranial skeletal morphology, ontogeny and variation are examined in five species of Thorius, a genus of diminutive plethodontid salamanders that are among the smallest, extant, tailed tetrapods. The skull of adull Thorius is characterized by: (1) limited development or absence of several ossified elements and dentition; (2) increased inter-and intraspecific variability; (3) novel morphological configurations of the braincase and jaw suspensorium. Posthatching cranial mineralization in all species of Thorius is truncated precociously with respect to that typical of larger and more generalized plethodontid genera, such as Pseudoeurycea. These features implicate paedomorphosis as a predominant mechanism responsible for the evolution of decreased size in Thorius from larger plethodontid ancestors. Interspecific differences in cranial morphology are evident; species may be characterized by greater or lesser degrees of truncated development. However, there is no consistent relationship between degree of paedomorphosis and mean adult body size in interspecific comparisons. Adult morphology of several individual elements represent potentially useful taxonomic characters for distinguishing species. Reduction, increased variability, and morphological novelty are common to many lineages of dwarfed taxa. They represent a null hypothesis for examination of the developmental mechanisms and morphological consequences of miniaturization in other groups.
Release, neuronal effects and removal of extracellular β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD+) in the rat brain

Recent evidence supports an emerging role of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD+) as a novel neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the peripheral nervous system: β-NAD+ is released in nerve-smooth muscle preparations and adrenal chromaffin cells in a manner characteristic of a neurotransmitter. It is currently unclear whether this holds true for the central nervous system. Using a small-chamber superfusion assay and high-sensitivity HPLC techniques we demonstrate that high K+-stimulation of rat forebrain synaptosomes evokes overflow of β-NAD+, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), and their metabolites adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine, ADP-ribose (ADPR), and cyclic ADPR. The high K+-evoked overflow of β-NAD+ is attenuated by cleavage of SNAP-25 with botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), by inhibition of N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels with ω-conotxin GVIA, and by inhibition of the proton gradient of synaptic vesicles with bafilomycin A1, suggesting that β-NAD+ is likely released via vesicle exocytosis. Western analysis demonstrates that CD38, a multifunctional protein that metabolizes β-NAD+, is present on synaptosomal membranes and in the cytosol. Intact synaptosomes degrade β-NAD+. 1,N6-etheno-NAD, a fluorescent analogue of β-NAD+, is taken by synaptosomes and this uptake is attenuated by authentic β-NAD+, but not by the connexin 43 inhibitor Gap 27. In cortical neurons local applications of β-NAD+ cause rapid Ca2+ transients likely due to influx of extracellular Ca2+. Therefore, rat brain synaptosomes can actively release, degrade and uptake β-NAD+, and β-NAD+ can stimulate postsynaptic neurons, all criteria needed for a substance to be considered a candidate neurotransmitter in the brain.
Design tradeoffs in high speed multipliers and FIR filters

In this paper, we study the effects of modified Booth recoding, pipeline granularity and clocking on the speed, power dissipation and transistor count of different types of multipliers and FIR filters. Detailed simulations show that recoding may not always result in an improvement in delay. We propose a way of reducing the activity factor of a Booth multiplier by guarded evaluation. As systems become faster and faster, we can see the trend shifting from pipelining at the level of blocks of bits to bit-level, half-bit-level and even gate-level-pipelining. We run detailed experiments to answer the question of how fine-grain can the depth of pipelining in high-throughput multipliers and filters be made before the increase in power consumption overpowers the speed gain. It is our observation that gate-level pipelining increases power dissipation without improving the speed significantly when compared to half-bit level pipelining.
Molecular definition of a polymorphic antigen (LA45) of free HLA-A and -B heavy chains found on the surfaces of activated B and T cells.

A monomoprhic monoclonal antibody (LA45 antibody) reactive with "a new activation-induced surface structure on human T lymphocytes" (LA45 antigen) that resembled free class I heavy chains has recently been described (Schnabl, E., H. Stockinger, O. Majdic, H. Gaugitsch, I.J.D. Lindley, D. Maurer, A. Hajek-Rosenmayr, and W. Knapp. 1990. J. Exp. Med. 171:1431). This antibody was used to clone a class I-like heavy chain (LA45 gene) from the HUT 102 tumor cell, which paradoxically did not give rise to the LA45 antigen on transfection into monkey COS cells. We show here that the LA45 gene is HLA-Aw66.2, a previously uncharacterized allele of the HLA-A locus. The previously determined LA45 sequence differs from that of HLA-Aw66.2, from HUT 102, and the CR-B B cell line derived from the same individual as HUT 102 by substitution of tryptophan for serine at position 4 in the alpha 1 domain. Transfection of HLA-Aw66.2, and of a mutant of this gene with serine 4 substituted for tryptophan, into a human B cell line (C1R) both resulted in expression of the LA45 epitope. Furthermore, we find expression of the LA45 epitope on Epstein Barr virus-transformed B cell lines as well as lectin-activated T cells, but not on long-term T cell lines or unstimulated peripheral blood T cells. The specificity of the LA45 antibody is polymorphic and the presence of the LA45 epitope is precisely correlated with the sequence arginine, asparagine (RN) at residues 62 and 63 of the helix of the alpha 1 domain. The LA45 epitope is broadly distributed, being associated with half the alleles of both HLA-A and -B loci but none of the HLA-C locus. All the results are consistent with the presence of pools of free HLA-A and -B heavy chains at the surfaces of certain cell types but not others. Such molecules are probably responsible for the HLA-associated class I alloantigens of lectin-activated T cells. We hypothesize the free heavy chains result from dissociation of beta 2-microglobulin from subpopulations of empty HLA-A,B molecules, or molecules with weakly bound peptides, that vary in size depending on cellular activation and peptide supply.
Medtable™: An EMR-based tool to support collaborative planning for medication use

Medtable™ is an Electronic Medical Record (EMR)-integrated tool designed to address the significant problem of medication nonadherence, especially barriers related to patients’ limited cognitive re...
Modification of sensitivity to x radiation by morphine sulfate.

SummaryMorphine sulfate, injected intramuscularly into ZBC male mice 30 minutes before exposure to total-body X-radiation, raises (the LD50 of the radiation from 609 r to 830 r. Possible mechanisms of this effect are discussed.
Does Eating During Television Viewing Affect Mealtimes in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

This study looks for differences in mealtime characteristics and glycemic control for young children with type 1 diabetes who either eat with television (TV) viewing or without TV viewing. Sample size is 24 families (mean child age = 5.2, SD = 1.0 years). Meals with TV lasted 6 minutes longer than meals without TV. Meals with TV were associated with greater fat intake and higher average glucose levels, but not with greater intake of calories, carbohydrates, or more child bites. This study suggests relations between TV viewing and some negative outcomes for young children, but more research is needed to determine causation.
Squamous cell carcinoma in a linear epidermal nevus

An 81-year-old African American female presented with a 3-year history of a slow, persistently enlarging mass on the medial aspect of her left thigh. Her past history was remarkable for a congenital linear epidermal naevus that was present on the inner aspect of her left thigh. A biopsy of the mass was performed and histology results confirmed the diagnosis of a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Such an occurrence is extremely rare and less than 10 cases have been reported in the literature.
Kappa coefficients in medical research

Kappa coefficients are measures of correlation between categorical variables often used as reliability or validity coefficients. We recapitulate development and definitions of the K (categories) by M (ratings) kappas (K x M), discuss what they are well- or ill-designed to do, and summarize where kappas now stand with regard to their application in medical research. The 2 x M(M>/=2) intraclass kappa seems the ideal measure of binary reliability; a 2 x 2 weighted kappa is an excellent choice, though not a unique one, as a validity measure. For both the intraclass and weighted kappas, we address continuing problems with kappas. There are serious problems with using the K x M intraclass (K>2) or the various K x M weighted kappas for K>2 or M>2 in any context, either because they convey incomplete and possibly misleading information, or because other approaches are preferable to their use. We illustrate the use of the recommended kappas with applications in medical research.
Full ionization in binary–binary encounters of equal masses with a small positive total energy

Interactions between pairs of binary stars play an important role in the dynamics of dense stellar systems. One possible outcome of a binary-binary encounter is full ionization: the destruction of both interacting binaries resulting in four separating single stars. This process is only possible for positive total energy, and the cross-section for full ionization falls to zero at zero total energy. In the context of a stellar system, full ionization is most likely to involve the interaction of two soft binaries with low binding energies. We consider the case where the four stars have a similar mass and derive an asymptotic power law relating the cross-section for full ionization with the total energy when this latter quantity is small. Our new theory makes use of the fact that the most dramatic changes in scale and energies of a few-body system occur when its components pass near to a central configuration. Numerical simulations are used to verify the result.
The Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF34 Protein Binds to HIF-1α and Causes Its Degradation via the Proteasome Pathway

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and two other lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Kaposi's sarcoma is a highly vascular tumor, and recently both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α were detected in KS samples, indicating a role of HIFs in the KSHV life cycle. Previously, we showed that ORF34, a lytic gene of unassigned function, was activated by hypoxia and that ORF34 transcription was upregulated by both HIFs (M. Haque, D. A. Davis, V. Wang, I. Widmer, and R. Yarchoan, J Virol. 77:6761-6768, 2003). In the present study, we show that coexpression of ORF34 with HIF-1αm (degradation-resistant HIF-1α) caused substantial reduction in HIF-1α-dependent transcription, as evidenced by reporter assays. Two-way immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that ORF34 physically interacted with HIF-1αm in transient expression experiments. Deletion analysis revealed that three different ORF34 domains interacted with the amino-terminal domain of HIF-1α. Also, purified HIF-1α and ORF34 proteins interacted with each other. The observed transcriptional inhibition of HIF-1α-dependent promoters was attributed to degradation of HIF-1α after binding with ORF34, since the overall amount of wild-type HIF-1α but not the degradation-resistant one (HIF-1αm) was reduced in the presence of ORF34. Moreover, ORF34 caused degradation of HIF-1α in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-dependent pathway by the chemical proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented HIF-1α degradation in the presence of ORF34. These results show that ORF34 binds to HIF-1α, leading to its degradation via the proteasome-dependent pathway.
Application note: A MATLAB graphical user interface program for tomographic viscometer data processing

A MATLAB-based graphical user interface (GUI) program has been developed and implemented for tomographic viscometer data processing. The tomographic viscometer is based on a velocity profile measurement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry (UDV). The main data processing includes the velocity image reconstruction, velocity profile generation, velocity profile curve fitting, rheograms construction and constitutive model fitting. This program enables users to process image data, to calculate rheological properties and to visualize results. The program code consists of a set of files, which can be modified to match other purposes as well. This program may also serve as a tool for real-time monitoring and process control.
A high-performance IPV6 lookup engine on FPGA

We present a routing table partitioning based solution for a high-performance IPv6 packet lookup engine on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Based on the statistics collected from real-life backbone IPv6 routing tables, we propose a partitioning algorithm that creates both disjoint and balanced prefix groups. For each partition a range tree is built to perform IPv6 lookup. These range trees are mapped onto independent pipelines on FPGA such that for a single IPv6 lookup, only one partition is active. This yields high dynamic power efficiency via selective stage memory enabling. The balanced partitioning enables us to exploit the memory layout of the FPGA to align the pipeline with the on-chip memory blocks for enhanced performance and resource usage. Post place-and-route results on a state-of-the-art FPGA platform shows that a throughput of 200+ Gbps can be achieved for a 1 million entry IPv6 routing table.
Studies of the Metabolism and Function of Sn-1-Stearoyl-2-Arachidonoyl Lipids in Animal Cells

Animal cell membranes contain an impressive diversity of lipids. Each lipid presumably contributes to the general structure of the membrane bilayer, but certain lipids may also have specific functions. for example, phosphoinositides play a key role in transmembrane signalling (Berridge, 1987), anchor specific proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (Low, 1989), and regulate the interactions of intracellular cytoskeletal proteins (Lassing and Lindberg, 1988). Other lipids also may be required for specific membrane functions, but remain for the most part to be identified. Individual molecular species of lipids as well as lipid classes may be involved. As an illustration, the molecular species of phosphatidylinositol (PI)1 that anchor proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane generally differ from those that predominate inside cells. The latter mainly consist of the sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl species, for reasons that have yet to be fully explained. In the studies that are summarized below my colleagues and I focused attention on this species of PI and on corresponding species of other lipids in order to identify mechanisms that might influence their formation and function in animal cell membranes.
Association between advanced age and vascular disease in different arterial territories: a population database of over 3.6 million subjects.

Objectives This study sought to determine the relationship between vascular disease in different arterial territories and advanced age. Background Vascular disease in the peripheral circulation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is little data to assess the prevalence of different phenotypes of vascular disease in the very elderly. Methods Over 3.6 million self-referred participants from 2003 to 2008 who completed a medical and lifestyle questionnaire in the United States were evaluated by screening ankle brachial indices 50% and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) >3 cm. Participants were stratified by decade of life. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of disease in different age categories. Results Overall, the prevalence of PAD, CAS, and AAA, was 3.7%, 3.9%, and 0.9%, respectively. Prevalence of any vascular disease increased with age (40 to 50 years: 2%, 51 to 60 years: 3.5%, 61 to 70 years: 7.1%, 71 to 80 years: 13.0%, 81 to 90 years: 22.3%, 91 to 100 years: 32.5%; p Conclusions There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of PAD, CAS, and AAA with advanced age. More than 20% and 30% of octogenarians and nonagenarians, respectively, have vascular disease in at least 1 arterial territory.
Nonsynonymous HTR2C polymorphism predicts cortisol response to psychosocial stress I: Effects in males and females

Abstract Background Genetic influences on stress reactivity may provide insight into depression risk mechanisms. The C-allele of rs6318, a putatively functional polymorphism located within the HTR2C gene, has been reported to predict greater cortisol and negative affective reactivity to lab-induced stress. However, the potential moderating effect of sex has not been examined despite X-linkage of HTR2C. We hypothesized that sex moderates the effect of rs6318 on cortisol and affective reactivity to lab-induced stress, with males showing stronger effects. Methods Non-depressed young adults (N = 112; 39 female) screened via clinical interview provided a DNA sample and completed either a negative evaluative Trier Social Stress Test, or a non-evaluative control protocol. Salivary cortisol and self-reported affect were assessed at four timepoints. Results Contrary to hypotheses, C-carriers showed blunted rather than exaggerated cortisol responses to lab-induced stress in multilevel models (b = 0.467, p Conclusions Results support a role for the rs6318 C-allele in dysregulated stress responding, and suggest that the C-allele may contribute to risk for depression.
Bionomics of the Sunflower Beetle

Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) females and males lived a mean 91 and 92 days, respectively, in the laboratory. Females laid an avg 14.8 eggs/day and 1020 eggs following a preoviposition period of 15 days. About 71% of the eggs hatched. Mean times for development were 5.4 days for eggs, 15.1 days for larvae, 4.8 days for prepupae, and 6.7 days for pupae. Thus, mean total development and generation times were 32.6 and 47.7 days, respectively. Peak infestations of Z. exclamationis on ‘Hybrid 896’ sunflower at Bushland and Chillicothe, TX, in 1976 (1.9 and 4.5% of the plants infested, respectively) occurred July 6 and July 1. The heaviest infestations occurred on sunflower planted June 21 (2.7%) and May 11 (2.2%) at Bushland and Chillicothe, respectively.
Market-Oriented Destination Marketing An Operationalization

As competition among destinations has intensified, researchers have increasingly advocated for a market-oriented approach to destination marketing. Unfortunately, the unique stakeholder structure of the destination marketing environment precludes a direct application of the traditional market orientation paradigm to this domain. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to empirically develop an operational definition of the market orientation construct that can be applied to destination marketing organizations. Based on the tenets of stakeholder theory, this research proposes a multiple-stakeholder view of the marketing concept and develops its attendant operational construct. Referred to herein as a multistakeholder market orientation (MSMO), this construct is proposed and operationalized as reflective of the extent to which a destination marketing organization (DMO) implements the marketing concept across the stakeholder spectrum. The nomological validity of this construct is established by testing ...
Family Meal Participation as a Corollary of Positive Youth Development: Opportunities for Counseling Services

Research reveals multiple academic, behavioral, and psychosocial benefits of participating in family meals. The studies also reveal an inverse relationship between family meals and high-risk behaviors among youth. Family meal participation provides opportunities for Positive Youth Development (PYD) an emergent prevention science framework that emphasizes strengths and contextual resources rather than deficits of youth. This article reviews and integrates data that demonstrate the precise ways in which family mealtime positively impacts youth developmental trajectories. It is also maintained that counseling professionals are well-positioned to implement public education prevention measures and to facilitate changes in policy and social norms that encourage regular family meal participation and advance PYD.
Growth of a Grounding-Line Fan at Muir Glacier, Southeast Alaska

Two high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles collected 13 years apart along the axis of Muir Inlet show the growth of a grounding-line fan to an ice-contact delta at the terminus of Muir Glacier (Fig. 1). During this time, the position of the terminus was quasi-stable and the submarine fan grew to sea level, changing the glacier terminus from tidewater to terrestrial [cf Powell, 1990].
The Problem of Possible Future Selves

Chapter 1 argued that moral philosophy should be based on Firm Foundations — on truths commonly recognized by human observers — and that the following instrumental conception of normative rationality is the firmest such foundation: Instrumentalism: if one’s motivational interests would be best satisfied by φ-ing, then it is instrumentally rational for one to φ — that is, one instrumentally ought to φ.
A novel statistical methodology to detect gene fusions in RNA-Seq data.

11575Background: Current gene fusion detection algorithms have high false positive and unknown false negative rates, especially when applied to tumors with complex rearrangements. Available methods...
Tunisian Exceptionalism Or Constitutional Timing: A Comparison Of Democratic Transitions In The Middle East

Abstract: The protest movements of the Arab Spring prompted a major reevaluation amongst policymakers and academics alike about authoritarian regime stability in the Middle East. Counter to the euphoria that greeted the protests, continued instability, sectarianism, and extreme violence in several Middle Eastern states have sparked concerns that the dictators who ruled before may have been the better of two bad options. These concerns detract from the significant political transformation that Tunisia has undergone, from one of the most repressive dictatorships in the region to its sole genuine democracy. While Tunisia’s successful democratic transition looks like an anomaly in its current regional environment, Egypt did achieve a significant historic milestone when it elected President Morsi in free and fair elections. However his tenure did not last long, and Egypt’s broader failure to democratize prompts questions as to how democratic transitions succeed after dictatorships. By comparing the democratic transition processes in Tunisia and in Egypt, we can begin to elucidate the causes of the different outcomes of the protests in these two similar states. New political actors and certain ancien regime institutions played critical roles in ousting the dictators, but the timeline of whether democratic elections took place before or after new constitutions were adopted, was paramount in determining the success of the democratic transition. This is because constitutional timing structured whether the country’s political design would be determined by dialogue and deliberation or ad-hoc by the political actor with the greatest popularity.
Resampling, Validating, Describing, and Simplifying the Model

When one assumes that a random variable Y has a certain population distribution, one can use simulation or analytic derivations to study how a statistical estimator computed from samples from this distribution behaves. For example, when Y has a log-normal distribution, the variance of the sample median for a sample of size n from that distribution can be derived analytically. Alternatively, one can simulate 500 samples of size n from the log-normal distribution, compute the sample median for each sample, and then compute the sample variance of the 500 sample medians. Either case requires knowledge of the population distribution function.
Scalia’s Teaching Methods and Message

As a judge, Justice Scalia famously adhered to a textualist and originalist approach in service of republican constitutionalism. As an educator, he criticized dominant trends in legal education. The inter-related nature of those two arguments and the deeper roots of his constitutionalism are best stated in a largely forgotten lecture that Scalia delivered to a Catholic audience in late 1986, just months after his appointment to the Supreme Court. The themes presented in that lecture—to which Justice Scalia returned in his last public speech, nearly three decades later—illuminate points he pressed in some of his judicial opinions on issues of education law.
Effect of wheat as a feedstuff in starter diets on nursery pig growth performance and digestibility

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine if corn can be replaced by wheat and if wheat can be combined with corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and a commercial carbohydrase in phase 2 and 3 nursery diets. In Exp. 1, 144 pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% wheat replacing corn. In Exp. 2, 210 pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments: control diet (CO); 30% wheat (W); wheat with carbohydrase (W + Enz); 30% wheat with 30% corn DDGS (WCD); and WCD with carbohydrase (WCD + Enz). In both experiments, pigs were fed a standard phase 1 diet from d 0 to 7 post-weaning. In both experiments, TiO2 was used as an indigestible marker to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of N, ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), P, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In Exp. 1, there was a quadratic effect of increasing wheat on overall (d 0–35) average daily gain (ADG, P
Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy as a presenting symptom of metastatic peripheral T-cell lymphoma – not otherwise specified (PTCL–NOS): a unique case & a review of the literature

Extensive and significant technological advancements have enhanced the sensitivity and accuracy of the pathologic classification, diagnosis, and therapeutics of lymphoma. These advances have prompted a more comprehensive understanding of neoplastic behavior and have led to improvements in both treatment and prognosis. This paper presents a comprehensive review of lymphoma and features a case report of a unique presentation of peripheral T-cell lymphoma - not otherwise specified that presented with isolated hypoglossal nerve dysfunction.
Real time evaluation of tissue optical properties during thermal ablation of ex vivo liver tissues.

Complete ablation of liver tumors is vital for minimizing the risk of local tumor recurrence. Accurately identifying the hallmarks of tissue necrosis during thermal ablative therapies may significa...
To Fee, or Not To Fee: Asking The Right Questions About Student Technology Fees

At a time when state and federal higher education funding encounter continual threats and an ongoing downward trend, information technology leaders are frequently faced with difficult challenges - is it better to reduce costs or services? How heavily does technology impact the student experience, and how tolerant are students of aging solutions? With these concerns in mind, Metropolitan State University of Denver is exploring a student technology fee structure as an option to adequately fund student-facing technologies in a sustainable manner without creating an undue burden on the student body or saddle the University with new unfunded mandates. As part of this exploration, MSU Denver surveyed peers to identify trends in student fee application and allocation, the results of which and subsequent analysis are presented within this paper
Highly Digital Second-Order $\Delta\Sigma$ VCO ADC

A continuous-time second-order $\Delta \Sigma $ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented in this paper. The proposed ADC is based on a novel architecture and uses current starved ring oscillators as integrators to achieve the second-order noise shaping. The proposed architecture does not require excess loop delay compensation or nonlinearity calibration. Static element mismatch in the multi-bit current digital-to-analog converter is high-pass shaped by intrinsic data-weighted averaging. Detailed analysis and insights on the various trade-offs involved in the design of the proposed ADC are presented in this paper. A prototype ADC is implemented in 65-nm CMOS and achieves 64.2-dB SNDR at a bandwidth of 2.5 MHz and a Schreier FoM of 158.2 dB. The ADC operates at 205 MHz and consumes 1 mW of power. The measured power supply rejection ratio is 56.2 dB.
Exactly Decoding a Vector through Relu Activation

We consider learning a d-dimensional parameter w through nonlinear input/output relation governed by ReLU activation. We study a supervised learning setup in which we want to decode w from input output pairs $({\text{x}},y)$ . We consider an additive model with nonlinear ReLU activation that can be represented as $ = \mathop \sum \limits_{k = 1}^d {\text{ReLU}}(w[k] + {\text{x}}[k])$ . Such a model appears in representation learning and recommendation systems where w corresponds to an unknown embedding of a user or item and the x correspond to embedding of known probe vectors. In this paper, we show that a gradient descent algorithm linearly converges with ${\mathcal{O}}(d)$ samples and quickly finds the true parameter w under mild assumptions. Our assumptions are in terms of the input distribution that captures the fundamentals of the problems. We also demonstrate the performance of our algorithm with numerical simulations.
Cost Estimation and Optimization

This chapter develops approximate formulae for the operating costs of flex-time (flexible commitment) and discrete-time (rigid commitment) policies, and shows how to choose policies that minimize cost.
Robotic Surgery in Endometrial Cancer

The number of minimal invasive gynecological oncological operations performed especially for endometrial cancer is increasing rapidly parallel with the increase in robotic systems in hospitals. This paper focuses on evaluating the studies comparing robotic surgery with laparoscopic and open surgery in patients with endometrial cancer in light of current literature. When the current literature is examined, it is seen that the results of robotic surgery have similar results to laparoscopy such as length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, recovery in a short time, and less blood vessels, and they are disadvantageous in terms of cost compared with laparoscopy. When compared with laparotomy, it is emphasized that there is no difference in terms of intraoperative oncologic surgery results and it is a method that can be chosen as a minimally invasive surgery option especially in obese patients because of its ergonomics. Although there is no randomized controlled study comparing the results of laparoscopic and open surgery with robotic surgery, retrospective data suggests that perioperative morbidity in robotic surgery is less and improves in terms of intraoperative surgical outcomes. As with benign gynecological procedures, randomized controlled trials are needed to identify patients who may benefit from robotic surgery and to better define clinical outcomes. It should be noted that randomized controlled trials comparing surgical and robotic-assisted surgery with laparoscopy are lacking and most of them are derived from retrospective data.
Eternal inflation and reheating in the presence of the standard model Higgs field

We study the details of eternal inflation in the presence of a spectator Higgs field within the framework of the minimal Standard Model. We have recently shown that in the presence of scalar field(s) which allow inflation only within a finite domain of field values, the Universe reaches a steady state where the normalized distribution for the field(s) converges to a steady state distribution [Phys. Rev. D 100, 023513 (2019)]. In this paper, we analyze this eternal inflation scenario with the renormalized Standard Model Higgs potential, since it also allows inflation in a finite domain, but turns over at high scales due to the running of the self-coupling, marking an exit from inflation. We compute the full steady state distribution for the Higgs using an integral evolution technique that we formulated in Phys. Rev. D 100, 023513 (2019) and the fractal dimension of the Universe. We then obtain a bound on the inflationary Hubble scale in order to have a large observable universe contained within the instability scale of $H\ensuremath{\lesssim}\mathcal{O}({10}^{9})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ depending on the top mass. Upon reheating of the Universe, thermal fluctuations in the Higgs field could potentially pose another problem; however, we compute the rate of thermal bubble production and find that the probability of tunneling in the postinflationary era is negligibly small even for very high reheat temperatures.
Enhancing KCNQ Channel Activity Improves Neurobehavioral Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually leads to acute neuronal death and delayed secondary degeneration, resulting in sensory dysfunction, paralysis, and chronic pain. Excessive excitation is one of the critical factors leading to secondary neural damage initiated by various insults. KCNQ/Kv7 channels are highly expressed in spinal neurons and axons and play an important role in controlling their excitability. Enhancing KCNQ channel activity by using its specific opener retigabine could thus be a plausible treatment strategy to reduce the pathology after SCI. We produced contusive SCI at T10 in adult male rats, which then received 10 consecutive days' treatment with retigabine or vehicle starting 3 hours or 3 days after contusion. Two different concentrations and two different delivery methods were applied. Delivery of retigabine via Alzet osmotic pumps, but not intraperitoneal injections 3 hours after contusion, promoted recovery of locomotor function. Remarkably, retigabine delivery in both methods significantly attenuated the development of mechanical stimuli-induced hyperreflexia and spontaneous pain; however, no significant difference in the thermal threshold was observed. Although retigabine delivered 3 days after contusion significantly attenuated the development of mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain, the locomotor function is not improved by the delayed treatments. Finally, we found that early application of retigabine attenuates the inflammatory activity in the spinal cord and increases the survival of white matter after SCI. Our results suggest that decreasing neuronal excitability by targeting KCNQ/Kv7 channels at acute stage aids the recovery of locomotor function and attenuates the development of neuropathic pain after SCI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Several pharmacological interventions have been proposed for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment, but none have been shown to be both effective and safe in clinical trials. Necrotic neuronal death and chronic pain are often the cost of pathological neural excitation after SCI. We show that early, brief application of retigabine could aid locomotor and sensory neurobehavioral recovery after SCI, supporting the use of this drug in the clinic to promote motor and sensory function in patients with SCI.
RACE MIGHT BE A PREDICTOR OF RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION IN CARDIAC ARREST: LESSONS FROM THE NEMSIS DATABASE

The approximately 320,000 annual Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCA) in the US account for a large share of out-of-hospital deaths. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are often the first line of medical response to OHCAs. However, access to EMS resources may vary depending on community demographics
“Miracle” or “Medicine”: A Turning-Point Analysis of Patients' and Physicians' Shifting Views on Acupuncture

Objective: Acupuncture is one of the most widely used treatments of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) within the military's health system. The success of CAM integration is partially dep...
Is cohousing good for democracy? Comparing political participation among residents of cohousing communities and traditional condominium developments

This study assesses the argument that cohousing constitutes a politically fertile form of civil-society association, which hones political skills and cultivates political efficacy among residents, ...
Narrative review: mesenchymal-epithelial transition inhibitors—meeting their target

Genetic alterations in mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are commonly found in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, agents targeting MET have not progressed until recently. Advancements in our understanding of the role of various MET aberrations in carcinogenesis have allowed MET-directed therapy to find its way to clinic use. Of all MET alterations, MET exon 14 skipping (METex14 skip+ or MET ∆ 14 ), stands out as a true oncogenic driver. Recently, MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting METex14 skipping were able to demonstrate significant improvement in clinical outcomes including response rate and progression free survival. Of these, capmatinib was granted accelerated approval by the FDA in May 2020 for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring METex14 skip alterations. Tepotinib, another TKI, has shown significant activity in a phase II trial and received breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA in September 2019. MET amplification (METAmp ) and overexpression are usually a late phenomenon in tumorigenesis and aggravate malignant properties of transformed cells. Capmatinib and savolitinib have shown activity in patients with NSCLC with high levels of METAmp . Several other agents are being developed and under evaluation in clinical trials involving multiple tumor types. In addition to TKIs, MET overexpression is also an appealing target for development of antibody conjugated chemotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to MET TKIs and alterations in anti-tumor immunity through MET inhibition are clinically relevant areas that need further exploration.
Intracardiac heartworms in dogs: Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics in 72 cases (2010-2019).

BACKGROUND Heartworms, a cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs, can migrate from the pulmonary arteries into the heart resulting in life-threatening caval syndrome (CS). OBJECTIVES To describe clinical and echocardiographic characteristics in dogs with intracardiac heartworms including estimated heartworm burden and frequency of PH and pigmenturia. ANIMALS Seventy-two client-owned dogs with heartworms. METHODS Retrospective study. Data collected from an electronic medical records search for dogs with intracardiac heartworms included clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and procedural findings. Dogs with heartworms isolated to the pulmonary arteries were excluded. RESULTS Estimated intracardiac heartworm burden was low in 14 of 72 (19%) and high in 58 of 72 (81%) dogs. The majority were small breed (54/72; 75%; 29/72; 40% Chihuahuas) and had a high likelihood of PH (67/72; 93%). Pigmenturia was the second most common clinical finding (31/72; 43%) after lethargy (32/72; 44%). Anemia (37/55; 36%), pigmenturia (30/58; 52%), and bilirubinuria (28/36; 78%) were significantly more common in dogs with a high worm burden (P < .05). Based on the presence of anemia, pigmenturia, and clinical signs, 18 of 72 dogs (25%) were considered to have CS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Although the majority of dogs with intracardiac heartworms had a high worm burden and high likelihood of PH, only 25% had clinical evidence of CS. Echocardiography is a useful tool to identify intracardiac heartworms, detect likelihood of PH, and could be useful for staging heartworm positive small breed dogs for intracardiac heartworm migration.
Adjustment Correlates of Social Media Engagement Among Early Adolescents

Social media engagement is common among adolescents, yet not all adolescents use social media in the same ways or experience the same adjustment correlates. This study examined four social media behaviors (self-disclosure, self-presentation, lurking, and social monitoring) and two time-based measures of social media use (daily number of hours on social media and frequency of social media use) on three developmentally relevant adjustment correlates (internalizing problems, prosocial support, and online peer victimization). Self-report data were collected from 426 middle-school students (54.2% female, 73.6% Caucasian, 11.5% Black, 4.8% Hispanic, 10.1% other ethnicity, mean age = 12.91). The findings showed distinct adjustment patterns among the social media engagement indices, as well as sex and age differences. Neither the number of hours on social media nor social monitoring were associated with any adjustment correlates; however, the frequency of social media use was associated with positive adjustment (less internalizing problems and more prosocial support), primarily for older adolescents. Self-disclosure was positively associated with online peer victimization (girls only) and prosocial support. Self-presentation was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems and online peer victimization, as well as less prosocial support for younger adolescents and boys. Lurking was positively associated with internalizing problems. The findings suggest the need to consider specific types of social media engagement when creating prevention and intervention programs to address adolescent maladjustment.