cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feed rate optimization and depth of cut control for productivity and part parallelism in grinding

A method is presented for optimizing the horizontal feed rate when using depth of cut manipulation to improve part parallelism in grinding. In vertical spindle surface grinding, achievable single pass tolerances are often limited by the grinding wheel and machine compliance. Previous work consisted of precisely adjusting the depth of cut during grinding to enhance the dimensional tolerance without the need of additional spark-out passes. This work extends the previous work by optimizing the horizontal feed rate for cost functions based on a weighting of processing time and a term related to the dimensional error in the part. In the optimization, a force model predicts the grinding force. Experimental results for six optimization weightings are given which demonstrate the effectiveness of the feed rate optimization as compared to a constant feed rate with the same processing time in the context of the parallelism of the ground part.
Mechanism of rifampicin and pregnane X receptor inhibition of human cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene transcription

Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7α-hydr...
What Tanzanian Secondary School Students Plan to Teach Their Children

The responses of 3,457 Tanzanian secondary school students to the question "If you become a parent, what two things will you try to teach your children?" were analyzed. While the overall distribution of responses was related to the sex and ethnic group membership (Asian or African) of the respondent, the sub-groups did not differ in the striking frequency with which they named obedience or manners as the first goal. The paper attempts to account for the heavy stress placed on this important traditional African element of child rearing by these elite groups and tries to explain the unexpectedly close agreement in the frequency with which the different sex-ethnic sub-groups mention obedience as a primary goal of child training.
Integer-valued Particle Swarm Optimization applied to Sudoku puzzles

In this paper we develop a variation of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that is tailored to discrete optimization problems. We focus on solving Sudoku puzzles but the ideas can be extended to other problems with discrete solutions. We compare our PSO-based algorithm to the classic PSO and to a (mu+lambda) evolutionary strategy (ES) for 50 puzzles and find that the PSO algorithms do much worse than the ES. We then consider why PSO does not do well on this type of problem.
Double field inflation

We present an inflationary universe model which utilizes two coupled real scalar fields. The inflation field $\phi$ experiences a first order phase transition and its potential dominates the energy density of the Universe during the inflationary epoch. This field $\phi$ is initially trapped in its metastable minimum and must tunnel through a potential barrier to reach the true vacuum. The second auxiliary field $\psi$ couples to the inflaton field and serves as a catalyst to provide an abrupt end to the inflationary epoch: i.e., the $\psi$ field produces a time-dependent nucleation rate for bubbles of true $\phi$ vacuum. In this model, we find that bubbles of true vacuum can indeed percolate and we argue that thermalization of the interiors can more easily take place. The required degree of flatness (i.e., the fine tuning) in the potential of the $\psi$ field is comparable to that of other models which invoke slowly rolling fields. Pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons may naturally provide the flat potential for the rolling field.
Dorsal striatal head direction and hippocampal place representations during spatial navigation

Several theories of basal ganglia function describe a striatal contribution to learning that is independent of hippocampal function. This study examined the question of whether the striatum should be regarded as functioning independently of or acting in concert with limbic structures. Dorsal striatal head direction cells and hippocampal place cells were recorded in parallel while rats performed a hippocampal-dependent radial maze task. Changes in the directional preference of head direction cells and the location of place fields were compared following alterations of the sensory environment. When familiar visual cues were presented in new spatial arrangements, or when new visual cues were placed in a familiar environment, rotations of directional preferences were consistent with the mean place-field response. When familiar visual and nonvisual cues were presented in conflict, or when rats were exposed to novel environments, the responses of the two cell types were inconsistent relative to each other. This pattern suggests that current perceptions and expectations of familiar spatial contexts may dynamically modulate the relationship between hippocampus and dorsal striatum.
A PVDF-Based Deformation and Motion Sensor: Modeling and Experiments

In this paper, we present the mathematical modeling, analysis, and experiments of a new deformation and motion measurement sensor that is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thin-film. The PVDF-based deformation sensor is designed and fabricated for several applications, such as deformation detection of automotive tires and insect locomotion measurements. In the sensing system, only two ends of the strip-shape sensor are attached to the moving object and under the relative motion of two ends, the sensor is buckled. The design provides a new non- intrusive method of measuring deformation and motion, which are desirable in certain applications. The analytical model of the sensing system is based on the synthesis of an elastica modeling of the PVDF thin-film under buckling motion and a Duhem hysteresis model. The modeling and analysis results are compared and validated with experiments that are conducted on a testing kit.
An application of evolutionary fuzzy modeling to spacecraft fuzzy controller synthesis

Evolutionary fuzzy modeling (EFM), its application in building complex nonlinear fuzzy control systems, and robustness and optimality related issues have been one of our research focus. EFM permits the integration of subjective expert rules with data driven newly discovered rules and ensures robust performance using a relatively small number of rules. Performance and robustness comparisons of fuzzy controller synthesis using manually generated rules, and EFM evolved fuzzy rules and membership function parameters have indicated the usefulness of EFM. In this study, a single axis (pitch angle) fuzzy controller is first synthesized using EFM for spacecraft attitude control. A 3-axis fuzzy controller is then built from the synthesized single axis controller. Performance comparisons using ad hoc and GA evolved control parameters are then presented. We first introduce the need for robust controller synthesis techniques such as EFM for spacecraft control. The EFM schedule and its related issues are then discussed. This is followed by details of applying EFM to space station 3-axis attitude control. The paper concludes with a discussion on the observed results and further directions. >
Noncoherent direct-sequence code-tracking in the presence of pulsed jamming

The performance of a noncoherent direct-sequence code-tracking loop operating in the presence of thermal noise and a pulsed noise jammer is analyzed. In particular, the jammer is modeled as cyclostationary interference resulting from the product of a periodic train of pulses and bandpass white noise. The impact of the jammer's duty factor and repetition frequency on the tracking loop's behavior is examined under both linear and nonlinear performance analyses of loop operation. Under a linear performance analysis, the cyclostationarity of the loop noise translates into a steady-state tracking error whose statistical variance is a periodic function of time. An approximate nonlinear analysis of the tracking loop behavior that takes into consideration the actual shape of the loop's finite-support S-curve is performed for a first-order loop. >
Development and validation of a Spanish diabetes-specific numeracy measure: DNT-15 Latino.

Abstract Background: Although deficits in health literacy and numeracy have been described among Latinos, the impact of low numeracy on diabetes outcomes has not been studied. Study objectives were (1) to establish the reliability and validity of a 15-item Spanish, diabetes-specific numeracy measure (Diabetes Numeracy Test [DNT]-15 Latino) and (2) to examine the relationship between diabetes-specific numeracy and diabetes-related outcomes among a sample of Latino adults with diabetes. Methods: Data collection included patient demographics, health literacy, general numeracy, diabetes-specific numeracy, acculturation, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and most recent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: Participants (n=144) were on average 47.8 years old (SD=12.1). The majority were female (62%), uninsured (81%), and of Mexican nationality (78%) and reported low levels of acculturation (96%). The DNT-15 Latino had high internal reliability (Kruder–Richardson 20=0.78). The DNT-15 Latino demonstrated c...
Evaluation of Proteinuria

Proteinuria, a common finding on urinalysis, may indicate the presence of a wide variety of medical conditions, some of which are benign and associated with a favorable prognosis (such as orthostatic proteinuria) and others of which have more serious implications (such as glomerular disease or multiple myeloma). The amount of protein excreted in the urine may be increased by several factors, including increases in glomerular hydraulic pressure, pathologic changes of the glomeruli, decreases in tubular reabsorption and catabolism of protein, and increases in production or concentration of plasma proteins normally filtered by the glomerulus. Because proteinuria may reflect a severe renal pathologic condition, further evaluation should be undertaken to determine the most likely cause of the proteinuria.
Revisiting General Theory in Historical Sociology

This article revisits the debate over general theory in historical sociology with the goal of clarifying the use of this kind of theory in empirical research. General theories are defined as postulates about causal agents and causal mechanisms that are linked to empirical analysis through bridging assumptions. These theories can contribute to substantive knowledge by helping analysts derive new hypotheses, integrate existing findings, and explain historical outcomes. To illustrate these applications, the article considers five different general theories that have guided or could guide historical sociology: functionalist, rational choice, power, neo-Darwinian, and cultural theories. A key conclusion that emerges is that scholars must evaluate both the overall merits of general theory and the individual merits of specific general theories.
Computer Simulations of Quantum Theory of Hydrogen Atom for Natural Science Education Students in a Virtual Lab

The present article is primarily targeted for the advanced college/university undergraduate students of chemistry/physics education, computational physics/chemistry, and computer science. The most recent software system such as MS Visual Studio .NET version 2010 is employed to perform computer simulations for modeling Bohr's quantum theory of hydrogen (H) atom in class-setting of a virtual laboratory. The necessary computer algorithm is developed to compute discrete values of the orbit radius, and stationary energy levels of Bohr's H-atom. More than 2000 computer simulations are performed to investigate the quantum model behavior starting from the ground state of H-atom until we reached the energy continuum. One of the natural consequences of Bohr's model is that it could provide a perfect corroboration of the experimentally observed spectrum of H-atom with that empirically obtained from formulas derived by famous scientists of 19th and 20th centuries. Using old theory of classical electrodynamics, it was...
Ethical Sensitivity and Managerial Decisionmaking: An Experiment

This paper reports the results of a behavioral study in ethical decisionmaking. The study appears to be the first to create and test an instrument to measure ethical perception and sensitivity in managerial decisionmaking situations. Recent conceptual models of ethical decisionmaking for managerial situations have included ethical perception, although no empirical studies in management have attempted to measure the concept or relate it to other decisionmaking variables. Employing an experimental methodology, the study also varies "personalized information" in order to test differential effects on ethical sensitivity. Results support the hypothesis that increased ethical sensitivity is related to decision outcome. Findings also generally support the hypothesis that increased levels of "personalized information" result in higher levels of ethical sensitivity in decisionmaking situations. Besides providing empirical grounding (although very explanatory) for the concept of ethical sensitivity, the findings suggest that if education and training can increase ethical sensitivity, it is likely to have an impact on decisionmaking.
MINIMUM HABITAT REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTABLISHING TRANSLOCATED CUTTHROAT TROUT POPULATIONS

Translocation is an important management strategy in conservation programs for endangered or threatened species, including native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in the western United States. Most subspecies of cutthroat trout have declined to <5% of their historical range, and both historical and translocated populations now persist in small isolated fragments of habitat. Success rates for translocations of fishes are generally <50%, and habitat quality or quantity are frequently cited as the cause of failure. Therefore, we conducted field surveys of stream-scale habitat and measured basin-scale habitat using a Geographic Information System for 27 streams where two subspecies of cutthroat trout were translocated in Colorado and New Mexico, to identify specific habitat attributes that contribute to the success of translocations. We used polytomous logistic regression to develop models that predict three categories of cutthroat trout translocation success (high, low, absent) from habitat attributes at two spatial scales. Models based on stream-scale habitat attributes indicated that cold summer water temperature, narrow stream width, and lack of deep pools limited translocations of cutthroat trout. Cold summer temperatures are known to delay spawning and prolong egg incubation, which reduces the growth of fry and likely limits their overwinter survival. Furthermore, small streams with few deep pools may lack the space necessary to permit overwinter survival of a sufficient number of individuals to sustain a population. Models based on basin-scale habitat were not as effective as stream-scale habitat models for dis- tinguishing among translocation sites with high, low, or absent population status but in- dicated that a minimum watershed area of 14.7 km2 was useful as a coarse filter for separating sites with high numbers of cutthroat trout from those with low or absent status. Watersheds larger than this are expected to encompass low-elevation habitat that provides warmer summer temperatures and to have relatively wide stream channels of sufficient length to provide an adequate number of deep pools. These results indicate that the appropriate scale of habitat measurement for predicting cutthroat trout translocation success in fragmented watersheds is at the patch rather than landscape scale, which is similar to results for other salmonids and vertebrate taxa in general.
A new development tool standard with the IEEE-ISTO

A consortium of companies was formed to address this dtjicult issue of real-time debug on multiple architectures. The Global Embedded Processor Debug Interface Standard consortium (GEPDIS) was organized in April of 1998 with the code name "Nexus," and has been working on a debug interface standard. The GEPDIS consortium currently consist of 24 companies consisting of silicon vendors, hardware and software development tools vendors from Europe, Japan and the USA. The GEPDIS consortium is currently working with the IEEE-ISTO to become on of the charter consortiums within the newly formed organization.
Performance analysis of Bluetooth systems in the presence of AWGN, fading, multipaths, and inband interference

This paper analyzes the effects of interference on the performance of a Bluetooth system. The analysis is based on the simulation results from the baseband model of the system.
Cardiocystella, A New Cornute Stylophoran from the Upper Cambrian Whipple Cave Formation, Eastern Nevada, USA

Two new well-preserved cornute stylophorans from the Upper Cambrian Whipple Cave Formation represent a new genus and species assigned here to Cardiocystella prolixora . These nearly complete specimens contain morphological information not available from other cornute specimens previously collected from this formation. Both specimens are preserved with superior faces exposed. One specimen contains a nearly complete theca but a somewhat disrupted aulacophore, whereas the other theca has been partially damaged by burrows but has a nearly complete but moderately eroded aulacophore. Cardiocystella prolixora exhibits wide marginals, abundant supracentral platelets, and an aulacophore with cover plates. Supracentral platelets cover much of the interior regions of the theca, which lacks a visible zygal bar in both specimens. In holotype 1791TX13, a bulge in the superior face of the theca likely shows the zygal bar position. The wide marginals of these new specimens resemble those of a specimen previously described from a partial theca and aulacophore assigned to Archaeocothurnus species indeterminate (Sumrall et al., 1997); however, the specimens described here are heart-shaped rather than boot-shaped. The placement of this specimen in a new genus and species is based on its unique marginal shape and arrangement. Echinoderm members of the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna, such as cornute stylophorans, eocrinoids, homoiosteleans, and edrioasteroids, are major contributors to skeletal concentrations in Upper Cambrian strata of the Great Basin (Sumrall et al., 1997). However, articulated specimens are rarely found. Recent fieldwork in the Upper Cambrian Whipple Cave Formation (Fig. 1) yielded two exceptionally-preserved cornute stylophorans. These specimens are nearly complete and contain morphological information that has not been preserved in cornute specimens previously collected from the Whipple Cave Formation. Figure 1 —Locality map of the Upper Cambrian Whipple Cave Formation, Sawmill Canyon, White Pine County, eastern Nevada. Specimens were found on north side of canyon wall …
The Khalimsky Line as a Foundation for Digital Topology

An object is defined from which digital spaces can be built. It combines the “one-dimensional connectedness” of intervals of reals with a“point-bypoint” quality necessary for constructing algorithms, and thus serves as a foundation for digital topology. Ideas expressed in quotation marks here are given precise meanings. This study considers the Khalimsky line, that is, the integers, equipped with the topology in which a set is open iff whenever it contains an even integer, it also contains its adjacent integers. It is shown that this space and its interval subspaces are those satisfying the conditions mentioned previously. The Khalimsky line is used to study digital connectedness and homotopy.
Standardized binomial models for risk or prevalence ratios and differences

Background: Epidemiologists often analyse binary outcomes in cohort and cross-sectional studies using multivariable logistic regression models, yielding estimates of adjusted odds ratios. It is widely known that the odds ratio closely approximates the risk or prevalence ratio when the outcome is rare, and it does not do so when the outcome is common. Consequently, investigators may decide to directly estimate the risk or prevalence ratio using a log binomial regression model. Methods: We describe the use of a marginal structural binomial regression model to estimate standardized risk or prevalence ratios and differences. We illustrate the proposed approach using data from a cohort study of coronary heart disease status in Evans County, Georgia, USA. Results: The approach reduces problems with model convergence typical of log binomial regression by shifting all explanatory variables except the exposures of primary interest from the linear predictor of the outcome regression model to a model for the standardization weights. The approach also facilitates evaluation of departures from additivity in the joint effects of two exposures. Conclusions: Epidemiologists should consider reporting standardized risk or prevalence ratios and differences in cohort and cross-sectional studies. These are readily-obtained using the SAS, Stata and R statistical software packages. The proposed approach estimates the exposure effect in the total population.
Worldwide Survey of Biodegradable Feedstocks, Waste-to-Energy Technologies, and Adoption of Technologies

The current chapter survey categories of biodegradable waste, including manure and animal waste, food waste, crop residues, and sewage waste. The chapter then identify and analyze several major types of waste management technologies, such as anaerobic digestion, landfilling, composting, and incineration. It concludes with a brief discussion on the different patterns of adoption among regions.
A simple, safe technique for placement of the veress needle and trocar in laparoscopy.

ABSTRACT A simple technique of placing two Kocher clamps on the anterior rectus fascia for the elevation of the anterior abdominal wall during the insertion of the veress needle and the laparoscopi...
Asian American Religions in a Globalized World

Guest editors Sylvia Chan-Malik and Khyati Joshi provide an overview of the special issue on Asian American religions. The introduction traces the history of the study of Asian American religions, describing trends and development of the field. In particular, they focus on religion and Asian American racialization in the wake of 9/11. The essay includes a summary of the pieces collected in the special issue.
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM IN CHILDHOOD. A REVIEW OF 73 CASES.

Thirty-three cases of symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum are reviewed in detail. The anomaly was suspected preoperatively in only one-fourth of the group. Complications which led to surgical intervention were ulceration with bleeding, intussusception, umbilical fistula, abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Case reports illustrate the variations in symptomatology and management. In all instances in which melena was a finding, the surgical specimen contained gastric mucosa. Operative management was fairly standardized in most cases and was designed to avoid narrowing of the ileum. Simple excision, wedge excision or bowel resection usually was performed. Deferment of diverticulectomy was necessary in several of these cases.
Microsurgery for craniopharyngiomas(report of 216 cases)

ObjectiveTo explore the microsurgical technique to treat craniopharyngiomas.MethodThe clinical data of 216 patients with craniopharyngiomas, who underwent microsurgery from January, 1999 to December, 2012, were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf 216 patients with craniopharyngiomas, 187(86.57%) received the total removal of the tumors, 18(8.33%) subtotal and 11(5.09%) partial. Of 197 patients who suffered from diabetes insipidus after the operation, 83 were recovered clinically, 78 improved and36 still had diabetes insipidus on discharge from hospital. Of 171 patients who suffered from blood sodium disorders after the operation,149 were cured and 22 still had the blood sodium disorders when they left hospital. The body temperature returned to normal when theyleft hospital in 53 patients with hyperpyrexia. Of 44 patients with postoperative coma, 8 died, 26 were recovered and 10 still had coma.Of 13 patients with postoperative epilepsy, 11 were cured and 2 died of status epilepticus.ConclusionsCarefully reading image databefore the operation, and selection of appropriate operative approach according to the cerebral area where the tumor is are the key to thesuccess of microsurgery for the craniopharyngiomas. The skillful microsurgical technique and correct treatment of the postoperativecomplications are very important to the increase in the rate of the total resection of tumor and life quality in the patients withcraniopharyngiomas.
Cardiac-cardiovascular reflexes induced by hydrogen peroxide in cats

We have shown previously that reactive oxygen species stimulate abdominal sympathetic afferents to cause reflex cardiovascular activation. Because myocardial ischemia and reperfusion also generate ...
Experimental comparison of residual stresses for a thermomechanical model for the simulation of selective laser melting

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process in which multiple, successive layers of metal powders are heated via laser in order to build a part. Modeling of SLM requires consideration of the complex interaction between heat transfer and solid mechanics. The present work describes the authors initial efforts to validate their first generation model, as described in Hodge et al. [1] . In particular, the comparison of model-generated solid mechanics results, including both deformation and stresses, is presented. Additionally, results of various perturbations of the process parameters and modeling strategies are discussed.
Parallel on-the-fly adaptive kinetics in direct numerical simulation of turbulent premixed flame

Abstract A new numerical framework for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent combustion is developed employing on-the-fly adaptive kinetics (OAK), correlated transport (CoTran), and a point-implicit ODE solver (ODEPIM). The new framework is tested on a canonical turbulent premixed flame employing a real conventional jet fuel mechanism. The results show that the new framework provides a significant speed-up of kinetics and transport computation, which allows DNS with large kinetic mechanisms, and at the same time maintains high accuracy and good parallel scalability. Detailed diagnostics show that calculation of the chemical source term with ODEPIM is 17 times faster than with a pure implicit solver in this test. OAK utilizes a path flux analysis (PFA) method to reduce the large kinetic mechanism to a smaller size for each location and time step, and it can further speed up the chemical source calculation by 2.7 times in this test. CoTran uses a similar correlation method to make the calculation of mixture-averaged diffusion (MAD) coefficients 72 times faster in this test. Compared to conventional DNS, the total CPU time of the final framework is 20 times faster, kinetics is 46 times faster, and transport is 72 times faster in this test.
Digital Versus Paper Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination (SAGE) (P6.206)

Objective: To validate a digital version of the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination (eSAGE) made for tablet use and compare it to the traditional paper SAGE (pSAGE) version. Background: pSAGE is a valid and reliable cognitive assessment tool used to identify individuals with cognitive impairment or dementia. Having equivalent pSAGE and eSAGE assessments would be very helpful in identifying or following cognitive impairment. Methods: Subjects aged over 50 were recruited from community and clinic settings. After pSAGE screening, subjects were randomly selected to participate in a clinical evaluation including neuropsychological evaluations. pSAGE and eSAGE were administered using a crossover design. Associations were investigated using Spearman correlations and linear regression. Results: 317 participants completed pSAGE screening. Thirty-seven subjects evaluated so far in this ongoing study were 70.3[percnt] female, 10.8[percnt] non-white, and had mean age 75.0±8.9 (SD) years, mean education 15.5±2.9 years, mean MMSE score 27.2±2.2 (range: 22-30), mean MoCA score 20.5±4.6 (8-29), mean pSAGE score 16.1±4.2 (7-22), and mean eSAGE score 14.6±4.8 (3-22). Spearman correlation of pSAGE versus eSAGE is 0.831 (p<0.0001); they are related by the formula: eSAGE score = -1.70+1.01×pSAGE score. Since the slope is very close to 1 (p=0.904) there is strong evidence that the scaling is identical between eSAGE and pSAGE (no scale bias). eSAGE scores are lower by an average of 1.7, but the decrease is not statistically significant (p=0.255). Correlations of SAGE scores to neuropsychological batteries show no significant difference between paper and digital format. Correlations of pSAGE and eSAGE to MoCA (0.729 and 0.741) and MMSE (0.548 and 0.654) are all highly significant (p<0.0005). Conclusions: At this juncture in our subject recruitment for validation purposes, tablet based eSAGE is performing similarly with neuropsychological batteries and shows no scale bias compared to validated pSAGE. Disclosure: Dr. Scharre has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly, BrainTest, Inc, Lundbeck, and Avanir as a consultant. Dr. Scharre has received royalty payments from BrainTest, Inc. Dr. Scharre has received research support from Biogen, Lund Dr. Chang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nagaraja received financial support for research activities from the Mangurian Foundation and from BrainTest, Inc. Dr. Vrettos has nothing to disclose.
Postoperative Imaging of the Knee: Meniscus, Cartilage, and Ligaments

This article reviews the normal and abnormal postoperative imaging appearance of frequently performed surgical procedures of the meniscus, articular cartilage, and ligaments. Imaging algorithms and protocols are discussed with particular attention to MR imaging techniques. Attention is paid to surgical procedures and the expected postoperative appearance as well to commonly identified recurrent and residual disorders and surgical complications.
Against One Method: Contemplation in Context

Interest in secular, mindfulness- and compassion-based contemplative programs is increasing as a growing body of research suggests that such programs enhance health and well-being. These modern secular programs, including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT), and Sustainable Compassion Training (SCT), have been influenced by various Buddhist contemplative traditions. These programs have also been shaped by and in response to their own modern historical–cultural context and the ways in which they variously interpret and rhetorically employ the category of the secular. Yet despite these differences, MBSR, CBCT, and SCT each claim some form of universal applicability, whether in terms of identifying the universal causes of suffering, or the universally applicable method for overcoming it. This underlying assumption raises a host of challenges and reveals a bias within the field of contemplative studies to privilege theory over context. This chapter therefore will briefly consider some of the ways in which certain Buddhist contemplative frames (i.e., innatism and constructivism) and modern cultural frames (i.e., individualism, scientific reductionism, and secularization) both limit and permit different possibilities for health and healing. The aim is to draw attention to the ways in which the universal rhetoric of these programs tends to mask or negate important contextual factors that shape way in which health, healing, and suffering are conceptualized, defined, and transformed.
Posthuman sounds: Humanesis: sound and technological posthumanism, by David Cecchetto

It might be something of a truism to observe that sound entangles us with technology … and that technology entangles us with sound. But to propose, as David Cecchetto does in his introduction to Hu...
Online learning of symbolic concepts

Abstract Learning complex symbolic concepts requires a rich hypothesis space, but exploring such spaces is intractable. We describe how sampling algorithms can be brought to bear on this problem, leading to the prediction that humans will exhibit the same failure modes as sampling algorithms. In particular, we show that humans get stuck in “garden paths”—initially promising hypotheses that turn out to be sub-optimal in light of subsequent data. Susceptibility to garden paths is sensitive to the availability of cognitive resources. These phenomena are well-explained by a Bayesian model in which humans stochastically update a sample-based representation of the posterior over a compositional hypothesis space. Our model provides a framework for understanding “bounded rationality” in symbolic concept learning.
Performance and Attitudinal Effects of the Keller Method in an Introductory Psychology Course

The effects of the Keller method on student performance and course attitudes were compared to those produced by a traditional method involving frequent lectures and occasional examinations. The former enhanced final examination performance and course ratings. Further analysis revealed that the performance effects were due primarily to better performance by the Keller-taught group on examination items which required recall and application of concepts and principles, thus indicating that the Keller method can facilitate relatively complex learning outcomes. Finally, a significant correlation between final examination performance and SAT scores was found for both groups. This finding suggests that processes taking place after learning has occurred may be determinants of individual differences in retention and utilization of learned information.
Use of an Interactive Graphic Display System in a Multi-Computer Van De Graaff Accelerator Control System

Abstract The Los Alamos Van de Graaff accelerator facility utilizes a process control computer and graphic display computer as part of the accelerator control system. The computer control goal is a computer controlled start-up followed by a continuous on-line optimization to maximize transmission of the beam. The graphic system will provide the operator interface for independent or serial operation of the two existing accelerators and the five accelerator configurations possible when a heavy ion accelerator is added. The graphic software allows the operator to use the full display area for a single display or shrink and combine up to four displays in the same area. A high speed communication link that can connect the graphic system to 8 computers was built by LASL so the graphic system serves as a central switchboard for a multi-computer system.
Management of Stillbirth

Risk factors for stillbirth include obesity, multiple gestations, infections, diabetes, hypertensive disorders, renal and thyroid disease, and autoimmune disorders. The highest risk is in growth-restricted infants before 32 weeks gestation [1].
Promising anticancer drug thapsigargin: A perspective toward the total synthesis

The guaianolide ring containing sesquiterpene thapsigargin is found in the roots and fruits of Mediterranean plant Thapsia garganica L. It is known for its activity as a potent antagonist for Ca2+-...
Physically Unclonable Cryptographic Primitives by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Layered MoS2

Physically unclonable cryptographic primitives are promising for securing the rapidly growing number of electronic devices. Here, we introduce physically unclonable primitives from layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by leveraging the natural randomness of their island growth during chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We synthesize a MoS2 monolayer film covered with speckles of multilayer islands, where the growth process is engineered for an optimal speckle density. Using the Clark–Evans test, we confirm that the distribution of islands on the film exhibits complete spatial randomness, hence indicating the growth of multilayer speckles is a spatial Poisson process. Such a property is highly desirable for constructing unpredictable cryptographic primitives. The security primitive is an array of 2048 pixels fabricated from this film. The complex structure of the pixels makes the physical duplication of the array impossible (i.e., physically unclonable). A unique optical response is generated by applying an op...
Automatic Data-Driven Frequency-Warped Cepstral Feature Design for Micro-Doppler Classification

Micro-Doppler signature analysis and speech processing share a common approach as both rely on the extraction of features from the signal's time-frequency distribution for classification. As a result, features, such as the mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs), which have shown success in speech processing, have been proposed for use in micro-Doppler classification. MFCCs were originally designed to take into account the auditory properties of the human ear by filtering the signal using a filter bank spaced according to the mel-frequency scale. However, the physics underlying radar micro-Doppler is unrelated to that of human hearing or speech. This work shows that the mel-scale filter bank results in the loss of frequency components significant to the classification of radar micro-Doppler. A novel method for frequency-warped cepstral feature design is proposed as a means for optimizing the efficacy of features in a data-driven fashion specifically for micro-Doppler analysis. It is shown that the performance of the proposed frequency warped cepstral coefficients outperforms MFCC based on both simulated and measured data sets for four-class and eight-class human activity classification problems.
Role of Weight-Bearing Exercises in the Treatment of Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis.

Objective To determine the change in T-score of post-menopausal osteoporosis patients with weight-bearing exercises. Study design A quasi-experimental study. Place and duration of study Physiotherapy Department and Orthopedic Unit I, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from May to October 2014. Methodology Two hundred and seventy-four patients were randomly divided into two groups according to inclusion and exclusion criteria using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The group 1 was treated by medication and weightbearing exercises and group 2 was given medication alone. The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan was used tofind the T-score before and after treatment and improvement was compared. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results The results showed that improvement was occurred in both groups after treatment. The DEXAscan median values after treatment were changed to 3.00 (0) for group 1 (exercises and medication) and 2.00 (1) for group 2 (medication). Conclusion The physical activity along with medication play vital role in the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis than medication alone.
Model-based radiation pattern correction for interferometric redatuming in 4D seismic

Interferometric virtual source (VS) redatuming converts surface-triggered source records into the equivalent records as if they originated from buried receiver locations, by crosscorrelating downgoing waves with the corresponding upgoing waves. Theory suggests that when the receivers are surrounded by an enclosing boundary of sources, then the VS has an isotropic radiation pattern and yield accurate response. The resultant records should show improving the seismic repeatability and image quality comparing with non-VS. However, in the presence of complex near surface, intricate shallow structure and highly variable weathering layers can severely distort the ray path, such that it produces the uneven angle coverage to the buried VS. Additionally, near-surface reverberations, surface multiples and other mode-converted waves may leak into the time-gated early arrivals and further corrupt the direct wavefields. Abovementioned issues can result in distorted radiation patterns and contaminated responses of the V...
Improvement of Predicted Bathymetry for Naval Operations and Scientific Applications

Abstract : The impact of this research it twofold. First, our global bathymetric grid is used for a variety of purposes ranging from cautionary overlays of NGA navigation charts to popular applications such as Google Earth. Google Earth acknowledges the MOA efforts at the bottom of their display window: as "Data: SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO". The addition of the shallow ocean data (< 300 m) may be useful for global studies of coastal processes. Second, we are using the edited sounding data to assess the roughness of the seafloor for understanding the tectonics of the deep oceans as well as the effects of seafloor roughness on deep-ocean mixing.
The Diphtheria Toxin Structural Gene

While there was considerable indirect evidence that toxinogenesis in Corynebacterium diphtheria was related to lysogeny (FREEMAN 1951; FREEMAN AND MORSE 1952; GROMAN 1953 a, b, 1955; GROMAN and EATON 1955; HOLMES and BARKSDALE 1969), it was not until the report of UCHIDA et al. (1971) that it was clear that corynebacteriophage β carried the structural gene for diphtheria toxin. UCHIDA and coworkers (1973 a, b) described the isolation and characterization of a family ofβ-phage mutants which directed the synthesis of nontoxic serologically cross-reacting proteins that were related to diphtheria toxin. These defective toxin-related molecules were instrumental in defining the major structural/ functional domains of diphtheria toxin, as well as positioning the N-terminal amino acid of toxin to fragment A. In general, the diphtheria tox mutants that were isolated fell into two major classes: (i) those that carried a missense mutation affecting the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyl-transferase activity of fragment A; and (ii) those that carried a nonsense mutation in the fragment B encoding portion of the structural gene which resulted in the expression of a truncated toxin-related molecule that is devoid of the eukaryotic cell receptor binding domain (UCHIDA et al. 1973 a, b; LAIRD and GROMAN 1976 b; HOLMES 1976)
Scaling Towards Efficient Monolayer WS 2 Photonic Crystal Lasers

We report progresses made in continued scaling in laser cavity and gain medium towards potential few photon sources. Performance of an optically pumped continuous wave room temperature operation monolayer WS 2 laser will be discussed, based on a heterostructure photonic crystal cavity for efficient light extraction and surface-emission.
Mandatory Neurointerventions and the Risk of Racial Disparity

In “Punishing Intentions and Neurointerventions,” Birks and Buyx (2018) consider the possibility that criminal offenders could one day be punished by means of neurotechnical interventions—whereby t...
Decisional preferences and satisfaction with short-course radiation for breast cancer.

193Background: Limited literature exists regarding preferences and decisional satisfaction for women who choose accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in lieu of 6-7 weeks of radiation. This analysis provides long-term patient reported outcomes in women treated with APBI at one institution. Methods: Records of women treated primarily with balloon-based APBI (2005-2013) were reviewed after IRB approval. Women with recurrent disease or poor prognosis second primary cancer were excluded. Assessment of decisional factors important to the patient, as well as satisfaction and regret with treatment choices (Decisional Regret and Satisfaction Scales) were captured via mail or telephone. Results: In 141 women who met inclusion criteria, 83 participated. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years (SD = 9), and median time from RT to survey completion was 102 months (SD = 8). Histology was pre-invasive, (25%), invasive (52%), and combined invasive/pre-invasive (23%). The majority had estrogen/progesterone receptor ...
UNDERSTANDING OLDER ADULT HOMELESSNESS IN NORTH AMERICA: A QUALITATIVE INTERPRETIVE META-SYNTHESIS

Research demonstrates that homelessness among older adults will significantly increase in the coming decades due to population aging, a trend of first-time homelessness at mid-life and continued economic vulnerability into old age without appropriate prevention and policy response. The objective of this study was to generate a rich description of homelessness as told by older adults using a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis (QIMS). Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for analyses. A priori inclusion criteria included studies: 1) published in peer-reviewed journals or dissertations; 2) published in English prior to January 2017; 3) sampling older adults experiencing homelessness in the USA or Canada; 4) conducted using qualitative or mixed-method designs; and 5) including the voices of participants through direct quotes. Synthesis of the eight studies resulted in two themes that describe older adult homelessness: systemic failings and coping mechanisms and survival behaviors. Micro- and macro-level practice and policy recommendations are addressed.
Impacts of Radiation and Upper-Tropospheric Temperatures on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity

AbstractPotential intensity theory predicts that the upper-tropospheric temperature acts as an important constraint on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity. The physical mechanisms through which the upp...
Impacts of Highway Infrastructure Investment Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

This study evaluated the impact on highway demand of highway disbursements under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Vehicle miles traveled were used to estimate a highway demand equation employing a spatial Durbin model for the 48 contiguous U.S. states during 1994-2008. Estimates from the equation were used to test the hypothesis that highway disbursements caused different upward shifts in the highway demand curves of states. We estimated $8.2 billion in total net benefits for the 48 states as a result of the $27.2 billion in ARRA highway disbursements, yielding an average net benefit of $0.30 per dollar spent.
Overall survival outcomes with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy in high-risk, very-high-risk and node-positive prostate cancer post radical prostatectomy: A NCDB analysis.

118Background: Phase III trials have not consistently demonstrated overall survival (OS) advantage of adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) in prostate cancer (PC) with high risk/very high risk features...