cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High spinal anaesthesia for repair of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates.

General anaesthesia with high dose narcotics has traditionally been used for repair of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in high risk neonates. Spinal anaesthesia in infants has generally been limited to cases involving the lower abdomen and lower extremities. Regional anaesthesia for PDA repair could potentially offer a more rapid recovery and the possibility of blunting the stress response in this vulnerable group of patients. High spinal anaesthesia with tetracaine was utilized as an alternative to general anaesthesia in a series of fifteen consecutive patients. Patient demographics, medication dosages, level of anaesthesia, intraoperative and immediate postoperative data were obtained and recorded in a prospective fashion. Spinal anaesthesia was achieved in all patients. The average dose of tetracaine was 2.4 mg.kg-1. Two patients early in the series had an inadequate level and received supplemental isoflurane. The remainder of the patients received either no or minimal supplementation to the basic technique. Cardiovascular status of the group was very stable with minimal changes in blood pressure noted. Recovery was rapid. All three patients who were not intubated at the time of surgery were extubated soon after surgical repair was completed. No complications of the technique were noted. High spinal anaesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia in high risk neonates. This technique may offer the advantage of a faster recovery time and a protective effect on the neonatal stress response. In addition the stability of this technique may encourage the use of higher levels of spinal anaesthesia in infants than has traditionally been used.
Structural analysis and validation of a smart pantograph mast concept

To progress the development of deployable, lightweight infrastructure for relief and recovery efforts in the aftermath of natural and man-made disasters, this article develops a proof of concept for a smart mast that leverages the versatility of pantograph systems and ad- vances in sensor, actuator, and informatics technologies. More specifically the article addresses key design crite- ria of transportability, deployability, global stability, and site responsiveness through the development of analyt- ical expressions and control framework, and reduced- scale physical model testing. The case study, a three- tiered tetrahedral mast is composed of three connected sets of planar pantograph systems and deployed by single actuator located between two of the three mast supports. The article discusses the optimum configurations for the individual design criteria and trade-offs to be made be- tween compactness, overturning, and operational power. The design, construction, and experimentation with a 73- cm tall fully deployed physical model reinforce the feasi- bility of the presented smart mast concept.
Available bandwidth estimation for Gbps-class applications using 10-Gbps network interface card's hardware assistance

To use network bandwidth more efficiently, an available bandwidth estimation (ABE) algorithm has been extensively studied. An ABE system injects probe packets into networks with defined attributes such as inter-packet gaps (IPGs). Then comparing them in both the sender and receiver provides available bandwidth after analytical processes. Our goals are to construct an useful ABE system for high-speed networks where giga-bit-per-second-class traffic flows. To easily take advantage of the ABE results, we built an ABE system on an off-the-shelf PC to work closely with applications in the same system. An off-the-shelf PC architecture; however, lacks performance required for precise ABE analysis. To break such performance limitations, we implemented hardware assistance, which is useful for accurately controlling probe packet attributes and fine-resolution ABE analysis, in a 10-Gbps network interface card. We evaluated our ABE system in experimental networks with background traffic of Gbps-class video streaming. The results gave an accurate estimation, although there was a tradeoff between accuracy and probe packet disturbance to video streaming.
Analytical calculations of a lens for better focusing the fields from a prolate-spheroidal reflector

In this paper, we discuss the design procedure of a dielectric lens for better concentrating the fields at the second focus of a prolate-spheroidal IRA to increase the fields and decrease the spot size.
Characterization of HMA Mixtures Containing High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content with Crumb Rubber Additives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of crumb rubber (CR) from waste tires and engineered additives as a rejuvenator to high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content asphalt mixtures. Six asphalt mixtures were prepared by mixing aggregate blends with four asphalt binders, an unmodified asphalt binder classified as performance grade (PG) 64-22, two polymer-modified binders classified as PG 70-22M and PG 76-22M, and a PG 76-22 crumb-rubber-modified binder. The RAP content was varied from 0–40% and crumb-rubber additives were blended with the unmodified binder by using wet and dry processes. Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture testing included an evaluation of rutting susceptibility, moisture resistance, and resistance to cracking using the flow number test, the loaded-wheel tracking test, the dynamic modulus test, the modified Lottman test, the dissipated creep strain energy test, and the semi-circular bending test. Results of the experimental program indicated that the addition of the CR additives rejuvenated the blended asphalt binder for the HMA mixture with high RAP content. The use of high RAP content with crumb rubber as a rejuvenator in the preparation of HMA is expected to provide adequate moisture resistance and superior rutting resistance as compared to conventional mixtures. However, because of the hardening properties of the mix prepared with high RAP content, the fracture and cracking resistance of the produced mixture was reduced compared with polymer-modified mixes.
Blocking protein farnesyltransferase improves nuclear shape in fibroblasts from humans with progeroid syndromes

Defects in the biogenesis of lamin A from its farnesylated precursor, prelamin A, lead to the accumulation of prelamin A at the nuclear envelope, cause misshapen nuclei, and result in progeroid syndromes. A deficiency in ZMPSTE24, a protease involved in prelamin A processing, leads to prelamin A accumulation, an absence of mature lamin A, misshapen nuclei, and a lethal perinatal progeroid syndrome: restrictive dermopathy (RD). Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by a mutant prelamin A that cannot be processed to lamin A. The hallmark cellular abnormality in RD and HGPS is misshapen nuclei. We hypothesized that the farnesylation of prelamin A is important for its targeting to the nuclear envelope in RD and HGPS and that blocking farnesylation would ameliorate the nuclear shape abnormalities. Indeed, when RD fibroblasts were treated with a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), prelamin A was partially mislocalized away from the nuclear envelope, and the frequency of nuclear shape abnormalities was reduced (P < 0.0001). A FTI also mislocalized prelamin A and improved nuclear shape in Zmpste24-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (P < 0.0001) and improved nuclear shape in human HGPS fibroblasts (P < 0.0001). Most remarkably, a FTI significantly improved nuclear shape in two fibroblast cell lines from atypical progeria patients with lamin A missense mutations in the absence of prelamin A accumulation (P = 0.0003 and P < 0.0001). These findings establish a paradigm for ameliorating the most obvious cellular pathology in lamin-related progeroid syndromes and suggest a potential strategy for treating these diseases.
Speaker-invariant phoneme recognition using multiple neural network models

The authors describe the architecture of a neural network-based ASR (automatic speech recognition) system for extracting speaker-independent features and for recognizing a special class of speech sound, such as the vowel and diphthong sounds. Speaker-invariant morphological properties that are presented in speech spectral patterns are extracted using neural networks. The system considered uses a variation of a neocognitron network model for morphological feature extraction and a perceptron model for feature classification. Some experimental performance results for the proposed system are included. >
Simultanagnosia: When a rose is not red

Information regarding object identity (“what”) and spatial location (“where/how to”) is largely segregated in visual processing. Under most circumstances, however, object identity and location are linked. We report data from a simultanagnosic patient (K.E.) with bilateral posterior parietal infarcts who was unable to “see” more than one object in an array despite relatively preserved object processing and normal preattentive processing. K.E. also demonstrated a finding that has not, to our knowledge, been reported: He was unable to report more than one attribute of a single object. For example, he was unable to name the color of the ink in which words were written despite naming the word correctly. Several experiments demonstrated, however, that perceptual attributes that he was unable to report influenced his performance. We suggest that binding of object identity and location is a limited-capacity operation that is essential for conscious awareness for which the posterior parietal lobe is crucial.
Multiple-sample fusion of matching scores in biometric systems

If a biometric matching attempt does not succeed, the person might be asked to repeat authentication attempt second time. In such situations, the biometric system has acquired two test templates, and could construct a combined matching score, for example, by averaging two scores from the matches between these templates and the enrolled template. This paper investigates the enhancement of combination algorithm performance by utilizing the third score — the matching score between the two test templates. Two kinds of combination strategies are considered, linear combination and likelihood ratio. The results show, that using the scores between test templates can improve the performance of both linear and likelihood ratio combination methods. We illustrate the theory by experiments performed on four FVC2002 fingerprint databases.
The Challenges of Synthesizing Hardware from C-Like Languages

This article presents one side of an ongoing debate on the appropriateness of C-like languages as hardware description languages. The article examines various features of C and their mapping to hardware, and makes a cogent argument that vanilla C is not the right language for hardware description if synthesis is the goal. C-like languages are far more compelling for these tasks, and one in particular, SystemC, is now widely used, as are many ad hoc variants
SOLAR COLLECTOR RELATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES FOR HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS

ABSTRACT This paper describes some of the research funded by the Research and Development Branch of the Heating and Cooling Division of Solar Energy of the United States Energy Research and Development Administration. † Specifically, this paper deals with collector and collector materials research reported on during FY-1977. The R&D Branch has funded research in open and closed cycle liquid heating flat plate collectors, air heating flat plate collectors, heat pipe collectors, concentrating collectors, collector heat transfer studies, honeycomb glazings, evacuated tube collectors, ponds both salt gradient and viscosity stabilized, materials exposure testing, collector testing standards, absorber surface coatings, and corrosion studies. A short description of the nature of the research is provided as well as a presentation of the significant results.
Angiotensin II regulates activation of Bim via Rb/E2F1 during apoptosis: involvement of interaction between AMPKβ1/2 and Cdk4.

Apoptotic cell death is essential for mammalian development and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of apoptosis has been identified in pathologies including in pulmonary fibrotic remodeling. We prev...
Denitrification enzymes of Bacillus stearothermophilus

The reductases of the denitrification pathway of Bacillus stearothermophilus, a thermophilic denitrifier, were surveyed in vitro. Nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases were found to be membrane-bound, and nitrite reductase may be a copper-containing enzyme by virtue of its rapid inactivation by the chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate. Nitric oxide reductase exhibited an optimal rate at about pH 7 rather than 5.0–5.5, as expected from the enzyme utilized by several mesophiles. Nitrous oxide reductase was not detected in assays employing reduced benzyl or methyl viologen, in spite of the appreciable N2O-uptake activity of intact cells.
Heats of Formation of CBr, CHBr, and CBr2 from Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry

High-level ab initio electronic structure theory has been used to calculate the heats of formation of CBr, CHBr, and CBr2. The calculations were done at the CCSD(T) level with correlation-consistent basis sets up through augmented quintuple-z and were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. Additional corrections for core/valence correlation, relativistic effects both scalar and spin−orbit, and zero-point energies have been included. The heat of formation at 0 K of CBr (2Π) is 119.92 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, of CHBr (1A‘) is 92.34 ± 0.7 kcal/mol, and of CBr2 (1A1) is 86.92 ± 0.7 kcal/mol.
Raman scattering of chymotrypsinogen A, ribonuclease, and ovalbumin in the aqueous solution and solid state.

The Raman spectra of three globular proteins, beef pancreas chymotrypsinogen A, beef pancreas ribonuclease, and hen egg white ovalbumin have been obtained in the solid state and aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction and circular dichroism evidence have indicated that these proteins have a low α-helical content and a large fraction of the residues in the unordered and β-sheet conformation. The frequencies and intensities of the amide I and amide III lines are consistent with assignments based on the Raman spectra of polypeptides. The intense amide III lines observed in all the spectra would be expected for proteins with a low fraction of the residues in the α-helical conformation. Several spectra changes occur upon dissolution of the proteins in water and may be associated with further hydration of the proteins. The spectrum of thermally denatured chymotrypsinogen is presented. A 3 cm–1 decrease in the frequency of the amide I line of the protein dissolved in D2O upon heating was observed. This observation is consistent with a denaturation mechanism allowing only slight changes in the secondary structure but an increase in solvent penetration upon going from the native to the reversibly denatured state.
Hypoglycemia from IGF2 Overexpression Associated with Activation of Fetal Promoters and Loss of Imprinting in a Metastatic Hemangiopericytoma

Context: The mechanism of IGF2 overexpression in non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia is not understood. Objective: We investigated the imprinting control and promoter usage for IGF2 expression to identify a mechanism for increased IGF-II production in non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia. Patient and Methods: A patient with metastatic hemangiopericytoma was studied. Tissue from the original hemangiopericytoma, metastatic tumor, and uninvolved liver was analyzed for IGF-II immunohistochemistry. IGF2, a paternally imprinted gene, shares a control region with maternally imprinted H19, a putative tumor suppressor. IGF-II and H19 mRNA expression was compared in metastatic tumor and uninvolved liver by quantitative RT-PCR. Imprinting of IGF2/H19 genes and IGF2 promoter usage in metastatic tumor was investigated by RT-PCR and sequence analysis, and the methylation pattern in the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region was analyzed. Results: IGF-II protein expression was increased in metastatic tumor vs. uninvolved liver a...
Rapid, reverse reciprocity failure for phytochrome control of its own accumulation*

Abstract. Fluence–response curves have been obtained for end-of-day far-red stimulation and red reversal of phytochrome accumulation in leaves of light-grown corn during darkness following a white-light period. The response to end-of-day far-red, but not to R, shows rapid, reverse reciprocity failure which cannot be explained by escape from photoreversibility. Because the Pfr/Ptot established by long, low fluence rate and short, high fluence rate exposures of the same total fluence is the same and can lead to vastly different responses, explanations for this phenomenon based simply on Pfr levels or Pfr/Ptot are inadequate. Reciprocity failure for end-of-day far-red is not necessarily coupled to reciprocity failure for red reversal of the far-red effect. The two phenomena must stem from different causes.
Software applications for teaching systems concepts

Systems concepts like nonlinearity and feedback are relevant in many fields, but interactive software to demonstrate these concepts are uncommon. Three mini-applications are discussed. These applications are relatively simple in programming and design. The magic is in the assignments and how students go through a process and are able to play with and modify the virtual systems captured by the mathematics of the software. Concepts such as complexity, mutation rate, equilibrium point, leverage points and delayed-response come to life. These software mini-applications differ from commercial systems-modeling software in that they are simple free, easy to develop or alter, and can be used for specific assignments without themselves requiring a high learning curve. The research aspect involved has been in designing and refining the process students go through to maximize what they learn from working with the software, so they understand the concepts in class.
Analysis and implementation of model-based linear estimation of dynamic phasors

The paper presents analytical and experimental results on model-based linear estimation of dynamic phasors and dynamic symmetrical components in energy processing systems. The procedure is based on the Kalman filter, and shares its features regarding the simultaneous effective suppression of measurement noise and a very good tracking ability. The procedure is illustrated experimentally with examples involving single and three-phase inductors.
Size and form of the cranial base in isolated cleft lip and palate

Most cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have no other obvious malformation and are termed isolated CLP. The implication is that these individuals experienced a time-specific and anatomically-localized disturbance during palatogenesis but are otherwise normal. The cranial base was studied from cephalograms in subadults with isolated CLP (n = 43) to test for alterations in size and shape. Controlling for age and gender, analyses showed no size difference, but flexure of the cranial base was significantly greater in the CLP group. Taken in conjunction with increased risks of other conditions with prenatal onsets, it appears that "isolated CLP" is a misnomer and the cleft should be viewed as an overt manifestation of a more generalized growth disturbance.
Changes in Uterine Expression of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor during Pregnancy in the Western Spotted Skunk

Mutation of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene results in reproductive failure in LIF mice due to an inability to implant their blastocysts. This condition is reversed by infusion of LIF or by transferral of embryos to pseudopregnant, wild-type mice. This led us to hypothesize that embryonic diapause in the spotted skunk is due to insufficient uterine expression of LIF whereas resumption of development and implantation are associated with increased LIF expression. We also investigated the hormonal control of LIF expression. Uterine concentrations of LIF mRNA were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Changes in cell-specific localization of LIF mRNA and protein were determined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. LIF mRNA was detected but was not abundant during embryonic diapause; it then increased when blastocysts resumed development and remained elevated prior to implantation. LIF mRNA and protein could not be localized in the uterus during embryonic diapause but were quite apparent in luminal and glandular epithelium during blastocyst activation. Prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol failed to increase uterine concentrations of LIF mRNA above those in ovariectomized controls. These data are consistent with the initial hypothesis and suggest that LIF may somehow be involved in preparing the uterus for implantation in the spotted skunk.
The Interplay of Electronics and Vacuum Technology

Historically, vacuum technology has played an important part in the development of electron tubes. The operating characteristics of many early devices were dependent on the degree of vacuum obtained. The Roentgen X-ray tube and the Braun cathode-ray tube are examples of these. Improvement in vacuum technology made possible the development of many truly high-vacuum devices in which performance is independent of the inclosed gas pressure. Many modem electronic components no longer operate in a vacuum but are dependent on vacuum technology in their fabrication. These include microminiature circuit elements, cryotrons, photoconductor-electroluminescent devices and ferromagnetic memory systems-all dependent on vacuum evaporated films. Electronic components have also played an important part in the development of modem vacuum technology. These include thermistor gauges, electronic ionization gauges, ion pumps and electronic leak-detection equipment. This paper is devoted to a review of modem ultra-high vacuum systems and the electronic components used in them.
Anti-inflammatory properties of desloratadine.

Summary Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with robust infiltration of immune cells and mediators that may contribute to clinical manifestations of the disease. Objective To review the complex immune effector mechanisms involved in the allergic response and discuss their effects on the pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of AR. Desloratadine, a novel antihistamine, was used as a probe with the goal of attaining a better understanding of the inflammatory processes underlying the allergic response. Methods Data were obtained from abstracts and peer-reviewed journals. The pathophysiology of the allergic response has been extensively studied. This paper presents only data from studies that used desloratadine at physiologically relevant concentrations. Results Key mediators involved in the allergic response and in pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of the immune response were reviewed. Desloratadine was used as a probe to further elucidate the mechanisms involved during an allergic response. Conclusions Some have proposed a link between the pathophysiology of AR and the clinical manifestation of symptoms. Desloratadine, a new-generation antihistamine, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in vitro; indeed, desloratadine is capable of intervening at various points in the immune cascade. Although in vitro results do not necessarily correlate with clinical efficacy, the anti-inflammatory properties of desloratadine may contribute to its efficacy in patients with AR, allergy-induced asthma, and other related allergic conditions. Antihistamines that modulate in the immune system at various stages may optimize treatment of allergic disease.
Mushroom Host Influence on Lycoriella mali (Diptera: Sciaridae) Life Cycle

Lycoriella mali Fitch (Diptera: Sciaridae) infests mushroom crops early in the crop cycle. Recent observations in mushroom houses indicated a difference in emergence time and size of adult L. mali developing on various strains of commercial mushrooms. Samples of adult flies from isolated mushroom houses growing Portabella mushrooms were significantly heavier then those from oyster mushroom houses, whereas flies from shiitake mushroom houses were lightest in weight. Flies collected from isolated Portabella mushroom houses were reared on four strains and species of Agaricus and Pleurotus mushrooms. After the adults emerged, females were weighed, mated, and allowed to oviposit. The number of eggs laid increased as the weight of the female increased. Flies collected from isolated Portabella mushroom houses were reared on eight strains and species of mushrooms. Flies were reared for four generations on each host mushroom mycelium then switched to different host mushrooms. Overall, the hybrid strain of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach (Agaricales: Agaricomycetideae) was the most favorable host for L. mali, whereas the wild strain of A. bisporus was the least favorable host. Mushroom hosts influence developmental time, survivorship, weight, and reproduction of L. mali.
A pilot study comparing anatomic failure after sacrocolpopexy with absorbable or permanent sutures for vaginal mesh attachment.

Objectives:�To describe anatomic failure rates for sacrocolpopexy in groups receiving either delayed absorbable or permanent monofilament suture for mesh attachment to the vagina. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 193 women who underwent sacrocolpopexy with 2 different types of sutures attaching polypropylene mesh to the vagina: delayed absorbable sutures (median follow-up, 43 weeks) and permanent sutures (median follow-up, 106 weeks). Vaginal apical failure was defined as Point C greater than or equal to half of the total vaginal length. Anterior-posterior compartmental failures were defined as Point Ba and/or Point Bp more than 0 cm. Fisher exact and χ 2 tests were used to compare failure rates. There were no documented suture erosions in the delayed absorbable monofilament suture group during the review pe riod. Two patients in the permanent suture group were found to have permanent suture in the bladder more than 30 weeks after the index procedure. Results: Failure rates for the 45 subjects in the delayed absorbable group and 148 subjects in the permanent suture group were similar (4.4% vs 3.4%, p = 0.74) and not statistically different in any compartment: apical (0% vs 1.4%, p = 0.43), anterior (4.4% vs 2%, p = 0.38), or posterior (0% vs 1.4%, p = 0.43). Conclusions: Delayed absorbable monofilament suture ap pears to be a reasonable alternative to permanent suture for mesh attachment to the vagina during sacrocolpopexy. The use of delayed absorbable suture could potentially prevent complications of suture erosion into the bladder or vagina remote from the time of surgery.
Clinical and Pharmacologic Considerations for Guanfacine Use in Very Young Children

Abstract Objective: Guanfacine, in the immediate release form, remains a commonly used medication for the treatment of clinically significant hyperactivity, impulsivity, or disruptive behaviors. This article reviews the available literature regarding guanfacine use in very young children (<6 years of age), and explores some of the factors that may uniquely impact the clinical pharmacology of guanfacine in very young children and that deserve consideration when it is used in this patient population. Methods: The authors performed electronic literature searches in PubMed through October 2015 using the terms attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, guanfacine, and alpha agonists. We also performed an informal review of the literature and used selected articles from relevant reference lists. The result was a broad, qualitative review of the literature, with a focus on specific factors regarding guanfacine use in very young children. Results: Despite the fact that guanfacine is commonly used in very young chi...
Street Level: Intersections of Art and the Law - Philip-Lorca Dicorcia's 'Heads' Project and Nussenzweig v. Dicorcia

This article analyzes Philip-Lorca diCorcia’s “Heads” photographs, specifically “Head” - a photograph of Mr. Erno Nussenzweig. Three and a half years after diCorcia exhibited his “Heads” collection at the Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York City, Nussenzweig learned that he had been photographed on some December 1999 day as he walked through Times Square. Horrified that he had been captured, commodified, exhibited, reviewed, and sold as a result of doing nothing more than walking down the street, Nussenzweig filed suit against diCorcia and the Pace/MacGill Gallery for violating his right to privacy and his religious beliefs (Nussenzweig is an Orthodox Hasidic Jew). This article takes a critical-cultural-legal approach to the case - merging legal theory with urban studies and visual culture - to argue that what was initially made visible by the photograph was not Nussenzweig himself but the city and the conditions of modern life in the city. An analysis of both the legal case (which sides with the city) and a reading of the photographs support such an argument. Though Nussenzweig filed suit against diCorcia and Pace/MacGill for violating his right to privacy, this article suggests that he is the one who violates himself as a result of his lawsuit. Furthermore, through the legal proceedings Nussenzweig initiated, he is the one who attaches his name to the photograph and draws increased attention to ‘Head’, thus making the viewers see him and not the city.
Soybean Seed Yield and Quality Reduction by Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Pod Injury

Soybeans, Glycine max (L. Merrill), in field cages were infested with bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), adults to determine the effect oflate-season pod feeding on soybean seed yield and quality. Regression analysis revealed that a 3.06 kg/ha yield loss was caused by a density of one bean leaf beetle per square meter. Damaged seed weight, as determined from data provided in official grain-grade reports, was regressed against the number of injured pods at harvest. This analysis indicated that, for a 2,600 kg/ha (40 bu/ac) yield, 685 injured pods per square meter were necessary for economic seed damage to occur. The number of seeds with more than half the surface tissue darkened and the number of seeds with some darkened tissue but on less than half of the seed surface increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the number of injured pods. Economic-injury level equations were determined for late-season bean leaf beetle pod injury. Tables are provided that contain economic-injury levels based on adult and injured-pod counts for several combinations of pest-management costs and crop-market values. Analyses revealed that economic-injury levels based on seed-yield loss are exceeded before economic penalties are incurred from damaged seed in surface-injured pods. Guidelines for economic thresholds are also provided.
2007 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines on perioperative cardiac evaluation are usually incorrectly applied by anesthesiology residents evaluating simulated patients.

BACKGROUND:The 2007 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery is the accepted standard for perioperative cardiac evaluation. Anesthesiology training programs are required to teach these algorithm
Abstract 3476: Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor as a novel target for inhibiting glioblastoma stem cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Introduction: Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that promote tumor invasion and angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we study the function of hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) in human GSCs. HMMR is hyper-expressed in human glioblastoma samples relative to lower-grade glioma and non-neoplastic specimens. Hyper-expression of HMMR also correlates with poor survival in glioma patients. HMMR is a multifunctional oncogenic protein that plays essential roles in tumorgenesis. Extracellular HMMR forms a complex with CD44 that upon binding to hyaluronan activates intracellular signaling pathways that regulate tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Intracellular HMMR associates with microtubules, interacts with the mitotic spindle and contributes to tumor progression by promoting genomic instability. HMMR and CD44 are two ubiquitous receptors for hyaluronan, which is a prominent component of the microenvironment in most malignant tumors. CD44 has been identified as a cancer stem cell marker and CD44 directly regulates cancer stem cells in a variety of cancers including glioblastoma. Critical evidence regarding the function of HMMR in actual glioblastoma tumors and in the context of tumor-initiating GSCs is still lacking. Results: We found that HMMR is ubiquitously expressed in a panel of human glioblastoma-derived neurosphere cultures that are enriched for GSCs. Targeting HMMR by lentivirus-mediated shRNA delivery potently disrupted in vitro self-renewal of GSCs and inhibited the expression of key GSC markers, such as CD133, SOX2 and Olig2. HMMR knockdown also blocked the in vivo tumorigenic potential of GSCs in mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Notably, disruption of HMMR in GSCs attenuated the activity of Notch signaling, which supports the cancer stem cell hierarchy in glioblastoma and various other cancer types. Significance: This research identifies HMMR as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of glioblastoma by depleting the tumor-initiating GSCs. It also introduces a novel hypothesis regarding the mechanistic crosstalk between HMMR-mediated signaling and Notch signaling pathway. Understanding this crosstalk between HMMR and Notch signaling will have a significant impact on current efforts to target Notch driven mechanisms for GBM therapy. Overall, these studies will lay an essential foundation for the development of HMMR-targeting strategies, such as HMMR inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies, as new therapeutic approaches targeting glioblastoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3476. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3476
Robustness of Precast Concrete Frames: Experimental and Computational Studies

This paper describes both full-scale testing and detailed finite-element modeling of a precast concrete moment-frame assembly extracted from the perimeter moment frame of a 10-story prototype building. The assembly comprises two beam spans and three columns, and the unsupported center column is subjected to monotonically increasing downward displacement to simulate a column loss scenario. Failure of the assembly was due to non-ductile fracture of the bottom anchorage bars near the welded connection to the center column. Component-level testing of the welded connection detail revealed reductions in ductility of the anchorage bar in the heat-affected zone where the bar was welded to a connecting angle. Finite element analyses revealed that large bending moments, due to eccentricities in the welded connection details, also contributed to the premature fracture of the anchorage bars in the moment-frame assembly. Finite element analyses and comparisons with experimental measurements also provide insight into the load-carrying mechanisms of the precast concrete assembly, including initial flexural action followed by arching action.
Increasing Local Procurement in Farm to School Programs: An Exploratory Investigation

Farm-to-school (FTS) programs have become more widely adopted in recent years because of their potential to mitigate childhood obesity, as well as their economic development and educational benefits. As a result of FTS programs' diverse purposes and grassroots nature, the types of activities they encompass vary considerably from program to program and no systematic measures of impact have emerged. Furthermore, FTS programs launched in colder climate regions may be particularly challenging due to a shorter growing season and narrower range and volume of available products. In this exploratory study, we set out to learn more about the factors that lead to increased procurement of local food in FTS programs. To do this we analyze the results of three recent studies of the impact of FTS programming on school purchases of locally produced foods in Vermont, conducted in 2012 and 2013. The results of a census of FTS programs in Vermont and an evaluation of the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Snacks program indicate that price subsidies do not necessarily increase local food procurement in Vermont, while a study of FTS programs working with food hubs in Vermont suggests that social capital in the form of viable partnerships and relationship-building holds promise for increasing the procurement of local food. Implications for FTS programming and future research are discussed.
Some Evidence for a Gender Gap in Personality and Social Psychology

This research examined a possible gender gap in personality and social psychology. According to membership demographics from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), women and men ...
How To Best Use Financial Ratios in Benchmarking and Decision Making in Clubs: Review of the Decade 2003–2012

ABSTRACTThe past decade saw the United States go through many ups and down, from the country entering into war in Iraq in Spring 2003 to a series of natural disasters from forest fires to hurricanes, to a meltdown in the economy and high unemployment. The club industry might be seen as a recession-proof industry due to its nonprofit nature, but data collected for a 10-year period, from 2003 to 2012, showed that it also fell victim to all these events. Using the basic technique of ratio analysis, club controllers, directors of finance, chief financial officers, and club managers can detect possible issues and set benchmarks and determine strategies for future performance. The results of over 20 financial ratios are included in the analysis.
Systematizing Scaffolding for Problem-Based Learning: A View from Case-Based Reasoning.

Current theories and models of education often argue that instruction is best administered when knowledge is situated within a context. Problem-based learning (PBL) provides an approach to education that has particularly powerful affordances for learning disciplinary content and practices by solving authentic problems within a discipline. However, not all implementations of PBL have been equally successful at fostering such learning, and some argue that this form of instruction is beyond the capabilities of novices. We revisit the theoretical foundations of PBL and call on the theoretical foundations of case-based reasoning (CBR) to help us identify the reasons many PBL implementations do not succeed as well as expected. Based on that analysis, we suggest priorities for facilitator scaffolding during PBL, ways well-curated case libraries can expose novices to new experiences and help them direct attention to important variables that require additional investigation, and ways case-authoring tools can help foster the kinds of reflection needed for learning from problem-solving experiences. Finally, we discuss challenges that, if addressed, will support even more effective PBL implementations.
Comparative Analysis of CSG's Load Models for Fault Simulation

The load model selection of a power system affects the accuracy of its simulation,and it is possible to endanger its safe operation with an optimistic load model. According to three disturbance events occurred recently in China Southern Power Grid( CSG),fault simulations are carried out with three kinds of load model,including the static load model,motor with constant impedance load model,and synthesis load model. This paper gives a comparative analysis in terms of the short circuit current,active power oscillation,and voltage fluctuation,and summaries the applicability of each load model for CSG in the present simulation.
Depression and performance on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status

There is strong evidence that depression is associated with neuropsychological deficits across multiple domains. However, research on this topic has spanned a variety of measures with different psychometric properties and normative samples, which prevents drawing definitive conclusions about the pattern of neuropsychological deficiencies. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a brief neurocognitive battery that is routinely used in clinical settings and provides co-normed measures of attention, language, memory, and visuospatial/constructional skills. The present study examined the association between depression and RBANS performance in a sample of 66 18-65 year-old adults who completed a neuropsychological evaluation at an outpatient clinic. Results indicated that depressed participants, relative to controls, demonstrated poorer performance in immediate and delayed memory, attention, and visuospatial/constructional abilities, and the four domains were diminished to a similar degree. These results were replicated using a continuous measure of depression symptoms. In addition, the association between depression and delayed memory was at least partially due to current psychotropic medication. The present study suggests that the RBANS is sensitive to the neuropsychological deficits typically found in depression, such that mild to moderate depression in adult outpatients is associated with comparable deficits in attention, memory, and visuospatial/constructional abilities.
Lower extremity bypass with tumescent local anesthesia

Lower extremity bypass is most commonly performed for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. These patients often pose high surgical risk secondary to significant clinical comorbidities. These risks may be compounded when general anesthesia is considered. We present the case of a patient at high anesthesia risk with critical limb ischemia who was unable to receive general anesthesia or neuraxial blockade. An infrainguinal bypass was performed using tumescent anesthesia with minimal intravenous sedation. The patient was discharged 6 days later, and his postoperative course was complicated by a groin lymphocele. Tumescent local anesthesia is a possible alternative pain management strategy for patients undergoing lower extremity bypass surgery.
ZeroMarking in French Impersonal Verbs: A Counter Trend to Clitic Morphologization?

0. Introduction An ever-expanding body of work on spoken French shows that subject clitics are losing their clitic status and are becoming increasingly bound to the verb as inflectional prefixes (Ashby 1977 (France), Auger 1994 (Quebec), FonsecaGreber 2000 (Switzerland)). This process of morphologization brings spoken French back in line typologically with other Romance languages as a pro-drop language (Fonseca-Greber 2000). Yet an apparent contradiction appears in the data. At a time when clitic use is on the rise in most linguistic contexts, why do certain impersonal verbs appear sans clitic, apparently in flagrant violation of the general trend toward morphologized verbal prefixes? A corpus analysis invokes markedness to provide a functional explanation of what appears to be a new and separate change.
Effects of Disease Burden and Functional Adaptation on Morbidity and Mortality on Older Adults

Objectives To ascertain whether older adults with extensive disease but relative vigor (adapters) shorten the period at the end of life in which they live with morbidity (compress morbidity). Design Prospective, community-based cohort study in four U.S. cities. Setting Cardiovascular Health Study. Participants Individuals aged 65 and older. Measurements Participants were categorized into three groups according to extent of disease (assessed noninvasively), vigor, and frailty (expected agers (n = 3,528, extent of disease similar to vigor and frailty—reference group), adapters (n = 882, higher disease but vigorous), and prematurely frail (n = 855, lower disease but frail)) and compared according to years of able life (YAL), years of self-reported healthy life (YHL), and mortality using multivariable regression and survival analysis. Results After adjustment, adapters had 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60–1.33) more YAL and 0.54 (95% CI = 0.19–0.90) more YHL than expected agers, and those who were prematurely frail had −0.99 (95% CI = −1.36 to −0.62) fewer YAL and −0.53 (95% CI = −0.89 to −0.17) fewer YHL than expected agers. Adapters had 0.9 more and prematurely frail had 1.5 fewer years of total life than expected agers (P < .001). Adapters spent 55% of their remaining life able and healthy, those who were prematurely frail spent 37%, and of expected agers spent 47% (P < .001). Conclusion Despite similar levels of disease burden, older adults who were more vigorous appeared to compress morbidity and live longer. Older adults with higher frailty lengthened morbidity and had greater mortality. Adaptive factors may compress morbidity and decrease mortality.
Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in corneal inflammation and wound healing

The small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans are major components of the cornea. Lumican, keratocan, decorin, biglycan and osteoglycin are present throughout the adult corneal stroma, and fibromodulin in the peripheral limbal area. In the cornea literature these proteoglycan have been reviewed as structural, collagen fibril-regulating proteins of the cornea. However, these proteoglycans are members of the leucine-rich-repeat superfamily, and share structural similarities with pathogen recognition toll-like receptors. Emerging studies are showing that these have a range of interactions with cell surface receptors, chemokines, growth factors and pathogen associated molecular patterns and are able to regulate host immune response, inflammation and wound healing. This review discusses what is known about their innate immune-related role directly in the cornea, and studies outside the field that find interesting links with innate immune and wound healing responses that are likely to be relevant to the ocular surface. In addition, the review discusses phenotypes of mice with targeted deletion of proteoglycan genes and genetic variants associated with human pathologies.
Sample Characteristics Affecting Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Powder Diffraction

In the field of materials science, an experimenter often wishes to perform a quantitative phase analysis on a given product. While wet chemistry can give an elemental analysis without difficulty, a phase analysis by methods other than diffraction is difficult if not impossible to perform. With the advent of the powder diffTactometer, quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction has become widely known and accepted. Unfortunately this acceptance of has been clouded, as results are often fraught with anomalous inconsistencies.