cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
III. The Division Chief as a Director of Fellowship Training

One of the most important responsibilities, challenges, and opportunities for the academic division chief is the supervision of postdoctorate fellowship education and training. This responsibility carries a tremendous personal obligation to provide a high-quality education and productive experience to highly committed and outstanding pediatricians who wish to pursue an academic subspecialty career. Without exaggeration, one can state that the quality of the fellowship experience may be one of the most important extrinsic factors that determine an individual's long-term academic success. On a more global perspective, successful fellowship training programs determine the survival and quality of academic subspecialties. The quality and structure of an individual fellowship program often is determined by the motivation for developing the fellowship training program itself. For this reason, I will initiate my discussion from the viewpoint of a subspecialist who is considering preparing an application for accreditation of a fellowship program. FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS AND PEDIATRIC SUBSPECIALTIES
Common toxicological conditions in the cat

ABSTRACT:This article examines three of the most common toxins for cats in a home environment. Permethrin-based spot-on products are widely available and often used accidentally on cats, resulting in twitching or seizures. Lilies often result in vomiting and severe renal failure when only a very small amount is ingested, if not identified and treated promptly. Ethylene glycol, most commonly found in antifreeze products, often carries a grave prognosis of acute renal failure. Basic treatment, expected clinical signs and prognosis are outlined for each poison, along with general poisoning first aid advice.
Shock attenuation and stride frequency during running

Abstract Human locomotion has been modeled as a force-driven harmonic oscillator (FDHO). The minimum forcing function in locomotion has been shown to occur at the resonant frequency of the FDHO and results in the suggestion that oxygen cost may be considered an optimality criterion for locomotion. The purposes of this study were twofold: first, to determine the relationship between stride frequency and shock attenuation, and second, to determine whether shock attenuation may also be considered an optimality criterion. Ten healthy young adult males served as subjects in this study. Each subject's preferred running speed and preferred stride frequency (PSF) were determined. In addition to the PSF, they ran at stride frequencies corresponding to −20%, −10%, +10%, and +20% of the PSF at the preferred running speed. Metabolic data as well as leg and head acceleration data were collected during a steady state run at each of the stride frequency conditions. The metabolic data produced a U-shaped curve hypothesized by the FDHO model. Spectral analysis on the leg and head acceleration data were used to develop transfer functions for each of the stride frequency conditions. Analysis of the transfer function indicated that there was a gain at the low frequencies and an attenuation at the higher frequencies. The transfer function at the higher frequencies indicated that the impact shock signal was attenuated as it passed through the body. However, the transfer functions appeared to vary according to the amount of shock input to the system with the result that the head accelerations remained constant. It would appear that impact (high frequency) shock attenuation increases with stride frequency and thus does not fit the FDHO model as an optimization criterion. At all stride frequencies, regardless of the impact shock, head accelerations were maintained at a constant level.
Nearly Invisible: The Psychosocial and Health Needs of Women with Male Partners in Prison

Very little research has been conducted investigating the health status and social needs of women with incarcerated male partners, despite the large number of men from underserved communities who are currently incarcerated. Research with women who have incarcerated male partners has primarily focused on communicable disease risk and family interactions. Women with incarcerated partners are often mothering children who are at risk for early and repeated incarceration, behavioral problems, and poverty. Gaining a better understanding of the health and social needs, and the resources use of these women and their children may lead to developing policies and programs that help them better manage their health, as well as aid in strengthening their family relationships.
A radioimmunoassay for the Gm(b0) allotype of human immunoglobulins

A radioimmunoassay for the human allotype Gm(b0) which provides a sensitive and quantitative measurement of the level of this IgG3 genetic marker has been developed. The assay system can detect 15 nanograms of Gm(b0) IgG3 protein and is not inhibited by immunoglobulins of other allotypes and isotypes. Using this assay, good correlation was found between IgG3 and Gm(b0) levels in homozygous Gm(f, b0) sera and gene dosage effects could be confirmed. The correlation between Gm(b0) levels and IgG3 in Negroid Gm(a, b0) sera was not as good. This reduced correlation has been attributed to antigen differences in the IgG3 Gm markers characteristic of some Negroid Gm(a, b0) sera.
Novel position sensor technologies for microaccelerometers

An important new approach for vehicle guidance and control is based on the use of compact, low-mass, low-cost sensors integrated with the vehicle structure. Many advantages of this approach lead to new capabilities. However, the development of compact guidance and control sensors leads to a variety of fundamental physical problems associated with sensor sensitivity and noise. For example, as sensor size is reduced, it becomes necessary to improve the sensitivity of the sensor signal detection mechanism. These challenges to sensor development will be described. Recent developments at JPL, based on new position sensor principles such as electron tunneling, have produced a series of novel, ultra-high sensitivity micro-sensors and micro-instruments. Included among the applications demonstrated, are a high sensitivity micro-accelerometer and micro-seismometer. In this paper, the fundamental limits of conventional position sensors will be discussed and a new position sensor for advanced accelerometers will be described.
Acculturation Status and HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Perception of Risk Among a Group of Mexican American Middle School Students

This article explores relationships between acculturation status, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and perceived risk of HIV infection among a selected group of Mexican American youth from a large Southwestern city. The vulnerability, risk and resiliency model served as the theoretical framework for the research. Students exhibiting lower acculturation levels were significantly less knowledgeable about HIV/ AIDS and felt at a significantly higher risk for HIV infection than their more acculturated classmates. Lower acculturation had a temporary resiliency effect on the female students. The implications of these findings for future research, policy development, prevention programs and social work practice are discussed.
Ultra-low threshold laser ablation investigated by time-resolved microscopy

Abstract Laser ablation materials are described that can be exposed using inexpensive near-IR lasers such as laser diodes. These materials were designed to act as printing plates in offset lithographic printing presses. Studies of the fundamental mechanisms of laser ablation were conducted using pulse-duration-dependent time-resolved optical microscopy. A knowledge of these mechanisms was used to engineer advanced ablation materials. Addition of an energetic polymer underneath the ablation layer, and the use of stress-assisted ablation were two strategies employed to achieve ultra-low ablation thresholds of a few tens of mJ/cm2.
The Effect of Home-country Gender Status on the Labor Market Success of Immigrants

This article examines variation in the labor market success of female and male immigrants in the USA across different countries of origin. Labor market success is measured by the wages of immigrants, and the regression model includes the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), published by the United Nations, to reflect different cultural and institutional conditions that shape gender inequalities in the immigrants' home countries. The GEM reflects women's access to leadership positions and economic wealth, while the GDI indicates the basic living standard of women. According to the regression results, the GEM and the GDI have different effects on women and men. The GEM has a positive effect on the wages of both female and male immigrants, but it has a greater effect on women than men. The GDI has a positive effect on male immigrants but it has a small negative effect on female immigrants. In this sense, this study provides evidence of different effects of various cultural...
Model for evaluating patterned charge-regulation contributions to electrostatic interactions between low-dielectric spheres.

We study the electrostatic contribution to the effective potential between two spherical low-dielectric particles that carry proton-titratable sites within a linearized setting. To evaluate the needed work of charging for each possible proton occupancy configuration, together with its crucial dependence on sphere separation, we numerically solve a coarse-grained linear Debye-Huckel model that incorporates nonuniform dielectric and ionic solution properties at a series of intersphere separations and for chosen titratable charge locations on each sphere. We combine the resulting work-of-charging matrix with site-specific chemical potentials of proton binding to construct the Boltzmann-weighted probabilities of each possible occupancy pattern of the titratable sites as functions of intersphere separation. With the use of these probabilities we find that a nonmonotonic average electrostatic potential can result that is repulsive at larger sphere separations but attractive at close separations. The nonmonotonic potential corresponds to particular choices of site-specific unoccupied charge values and their corresponding proton affinities, and its occurrence is dependent on pH in relation to the pKa values of the titratable groups. For the chosen titratable groups, we identify the particular change from repulsive to attractive proton occupancy patterns with decreasing intersphere separation that gives rise to the modeled nonmonotonic dependence and derive more general conditions under which such a nonmonotonic dependence can occur. Within the present model we find that stationary points of the charge-regulated average electrostatic potential, considered as a function of intersphere separation, occur when a normalized Boltzmann-averaged intersphere charge number product equals its covariance with an average free energy of charging divided by k(B)T. We derive more general conditions for the location and nature of critical points in the electrostatic intersphere potential, which are not dependent on the validity of the present linear model. Analysis of the present simple prototype model can be a helpful step toward developing a framework for predicting when (i) patterned charge-regulated occupancy patterns, (ii) orientation-dependent attractions due to relatively fixed heterogeneous charging patterns, and (iii) screened net protein charge could separately dominate the electrostatic portion of the interactions between model biological macromolecules and other nanoparticles.
Regional brain activity in dyslexic and control children during reading tasks: Visual probe event-related potentials

Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by task-irrelevant visual stimuli were recorded from 34 control and 32 dyslexic 10- to 12-year-old boys while they performed silent and oral reading at two levels of difficulty. All subjects were extensively screened for neurological problems, IQ, and sensory acuity. Specific features of the ERPs were affected in amplitude and latency by the experimental variables: group membership, oral vs. silent reading, difficulty level, and recording site (within and between hemispheres). A specific effect of difficulty on the central and parietal ERP was seen in the dyslexics but not the controls. Different patterns of asymmetry were found for the two groups in silent vs. oral reading at midtemporal placements. A marked asymmetry (R greater than L) was found at the midtemporal region for both groups.
The benthic ecosystem of the northeastern Chukchi Sea: An overview of its unique biogeochemical and biological characteristics

Abstract In February 2008, Lease Sale 193 generated renewed interest for oil and gas exploration in the northeastern Chukchi Sea and prompted a series of studies designed to increase our scientific knowledge of this biologically rich area. We present in this special issue the results from major field expeditions during open-water periods in the summers of 2009 and 2010. Our work focused on the biological and chemical characteristics of the benthos with the goal of establishing a strong baseline for assessing future changes that may occur in response to (1) impacts from oil and gas activities, and (2) variations in hydrography, circulation or ice retreat associated with climatic change. We found concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 17 trace metals in sediments at natural background levels throughout the study area except at two previous (1989) drilling sites; there was no evidence that showed bioaccumulation of these substances above natural concentrations. Inorganic-N was recycled within one day throughout the water column, with evidence of substantial remineralization of organic matter in the sediments. Active efflux of sediment NO3− supports water column primary production that, in turn, sustains a rich benthos dominated by crustaceans and echinoderms that also receive, based on isotopic evidence, a benthic carbon subsidy. Benthic food webs are complex, with high trophic redundancy based on the diversity of both infaunal and epifaunal populations. The highest trophic levels in the benthos were dominated by predatory gastropods. Comparisons of gray whale and walrus distributions from aerial sightings showed a large difference between the two study years relative to the more stable benthic prey base for these animals over that period. A nearly ice-free shelf by early summer 2009 compared to 2010 revealed that walrus distributions were more closely linked to sea ice rather than to benthic prey items, indicating that rapid retreat of sea-ice could threaten traditional feeding grounds.
Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetocrystalline anisotropy

Abstract The size dependent properties of monodomain ferromagnets are described. Following an introduction to the technical magnetics parameters used to describe bulk ferromagnets, the size dependence of these parameters is described. Bulk ferromagnetic materials are generally described as either hard or soft, depending on the value of their magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The role of anisotropy in monodomain ferromagnets is investigated through examination of two case studies: the high anisotropy alloy SmCo 5 , and a series of Fe x Co 1−x alloys with very low anisotropy. Both dipolar and exchange interactions between particles are discussed, and the connection is made between isolated fine particles and compacted nanocrystalline materials.
Fluorocarbon Emulsions as a Blood Substitute

In 1966 CLARK discovered that animals breathing certain perfluorinated liquids can transfer enough oxygen and carbon dioxide to sustain life [Science 152: 1755, 1966]. This suggested that these liquids may serve as valuable intravascular gas transport agents. Inert organic compounds having a high oxygen and carbon dioxide solubility were emulsified by intense sonication in the presence of surfactants to produce opalescent liquids having metabolic gas transport capabilities resembling whole blood. During intravenous infusion and ventilation with O2 the mixed venous pO2 rose to between 150 and 300 mm Hg while the arterial pCO2 and pH were normal. A fourfold increase in brain oxygen cathode current was demonstrable. The increase in mixed venous pO2 was initially related to the fluorocarbon content of the circulating blood. Since dogs survived in apparent good health these preparations may ultimately be used as a blood substitute or for organ preservation. (Supported in part by NIH HE-12419.)
Guest Editors' Introduction: GALS Design and Validation

Globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) design has grown in popularity in both academia and industry. Breaking the synchrony assumption in digital design is often unsettling for designers, and to alleviate the difficulty, researchers in EDA have been proposing various GALS-based solutions. However, the tools, verification techniques, and testing methodologies for asynchronous designs are not as widespread as for synchronous digital design, leading to the hitherto limited usage of GALS design approaches. This special issue introduces some of the basic issues of GALS design and validation in the hardware domain. The hope is that this special issue will generate more interest by researchers and industry practitioners in creating design tools, techniques, and validation methodologies for GALS design.
Fluidized-bed gasification of dairy manure by Box-Behnken design.

Application of excessive animal manure to the land may cause some environmental problems such as eutrophication of surface waters, degradation of ground water quality, and threats to human health. This paper reports an experimental study on the technology of biomass gasification to treat animal waste by analyzing the effects of key operating parameters on gasifica tion. In this research, dairy manure from the University of Nebraska dairy farm was first collected and dried, and then gas ified in a fluidized-bed, laboratory-scale gasifier to generate syngas. The effects of three parameters, namely temperature, steam to biomass ratio (SBR) and the equivalence ratio (ER), on the gasification were described by a Box–Behnken design (BBD). Results showed that increasing the temperature favored the formation of all three combustible gases, but the composition of each gas behaved differently according to the changing parameters. The lower heating value of the syngas varied from 2.0 to 4.7 MJ m −3 , indicating gasification could be used as a waste management option to produce bioenergy, and po tentially reduce problems associated with the disposal of animal waste.
Interconnect technologies and the thermal performance of MCM

The author compares the thermal performance of multi-chip modules (MCMs) based on their interconnection technology. The comparisons were made for hermetic and conduction cooled use environments. The thermal performances of the chip-first high-density interconnect (HDI) technology, the flipped-chip (FC) technology, and flipped-tape automated bonding (FTAB) technologies were analyzed and compared for MCM applications. The results of the study showed the thermal performance of each interconnect technology and presented the most effective ways to improve the performance of MCMs. >
Phase I study of gefitinib, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFOX) in patients with advanced solid malignancies

Purpose: Aphase 1 study of gefitinib in combination with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (IFOX)was conducted to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this regimen. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of gefitinib (250 mg or 500 mg once daily) in combination with FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin). The initial dose of oxaliplatin was 70 mg/m2 with sequential dose escalation to 85 mg/m2. Results: Sixteen patients received a total of 138 14-day courses of daily gefitinib in combination with FOLFOX. Escalation of gefitinib from 250 mg/d to 500 mg/d with FOLFOX was well-tolerated. In addition, no severe toxicities precluded subsequent dose escalation of oxaliplatin from 70 mg/m2 to 85 mg/m2 at which no dose-limiting toxicity was seen. No further dose escalation was performed as this represented the oxaliplatin dose administered in the standard FOLFOX-4 regimen. The most predominant toxicity was diarrhea, which was well controlled with oral antidiarrheal agents. Four partial remissions occurred in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Conclusions: Gefitinib as a 500 mg daily continuous dose was well tolerated in combination with full doses of FOLFOX-4.
Measuring Primary Hepatocyte adhesion on polyelectrolyte multilayer films by a passive detachment sensing tool

This paper presents quantitative measurements of Primary Hepatocyte (rat liver cell) adhesion on polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films. Measurements are implemented through detaching the cell from the film using a developed highly sensitive micro-force sensing tool. Experimental results demonstrate the measured detaching or adhesion forces of cells on polyelectrolyte multilayer films with different number of bilayers during detachment. These results provide an essential step toward better understanding of the cell-material interaction, and could contribute to more significant research in the fields of tissue engineering and liver disease.
Multiphonon selection rules for cuprous oxide type crystalline systems

Abstract Experimental data on the IR and Raman spectra along with the slow coherent neutron scattering data for Cu 2 O were examined for assignments of frequencies to phonon modes not only at the center but those at the boundary of the Brillouin zone. The inconsistency in assignments for the zone center modes and the lack of not only assignments but identifications of the zone boundary phonon required the use of second order Raman and IR spectra as the useful probes. The basis for the interpretation of these spectral data is given in terms of reduction coefficients for ordinary products and symmetrized squares and cubes of representations in the “cuprite” structure O h 4 - Pn 3 m . They are presented for the R , X , M and Γ points of the Brillouin zone. They will serve for obtaining selection rules, invariants, and covariants for this structure. Additional tables are given that enable one to identify what pair of phonons correspond to electric dipole, magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, or Raman transitions, respectively.
Social Networks and Collective Action

Despite growing attention to the role of social context in determining political participation, the effect of the structure of social networks remains little examined. This article introduces a model of interdependent decision making within social networks, in which individuals have heterogeneous motivations to participate, and networks are defined via a qualitative typology mirroring common empirical contexts. The analysis finds that some metrics for networks' influence—size, the prevalence of weak ties, the presence of elites—have a more complex interaction with network structure and individual motivations than has been previously acknowledged. For example, in some contexts additional network ties decrease participation. This presents the potential for selection bias in empirical studies. The model offers a fuller characterization of the role of network structure and predicts expected levels of participation across network types and distributions of motivations as a function of network size, weak and strong ties, and elite influence.
Initiation of polyribosome formation in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells

Abstract Poliovirus RNA is synthesized in the replication complex and is released free of ribosomes. Much of the RNA then goes on to become part of polyribosomes, a process requiring at least ten minutes. As isolated in low ionic strength buffer, the viral RNA recovered from polyribosomes is coated with protein and has a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.40. Dissociation of polyribosomes with puromycin leads to two predominant complexes banding at buoyant densities of 1.44 and 1.47. Similar complexes are formed by viral RNA synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide and can be shown to be precursors of polyribosomes.
A Comparison of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Fully Conscious Hormel-Hanford and Yucatan Strains of Miniature Pig

The Yucatan miniature pig was introduced to FDA’s Beltsville Research Facility in the early 1980s. We were impressed by the docile, calm temperament of this strain of miniature pig. The existing strain of miniature pig at our facility was a cross between the Hormel and Hanford strains, bred to be a uniform, compact sized animal with a known pedigree. Because of similarities in the cardiovascular systems of humans and swine, swine often are used in cardiovascular risk assessment studies. The objective of these experiments was to determine whether the docile, calm temperament of the Yucatan miniature pig would make this strain more useful or advantageous than our resident strain in the study of cardiovascular responses to cardioactive agents, particularly while the animals were conscious and restrained. These experiments were designed to measure a spectrum of physiological and biochemical responses to restraint, intravenous intervention and cardioactive agent administration in groups of both Hormel-Hanford and Yucatan miniature pigs.
High Performance Distributed Lock Management Services using Network-based Remote Atomic Operations

There has been a massive increase in computing requirements for parallel applications. These parallel applications and supporting cluster services often need to share system-wide resources. The coordination of these applications is typically managed by a distributed lock manager. The performance of the lock manager is extremely critical for application performance. Researchers have shown that the use of two sided communication protocols, like TCP/IP (used by current generation lock managers), can have significant impact on the scalability of distributed lock managers. In addition, existing one sided communication based locking designs support locking in exclusive access mode only and can pose significant scalability limitations on applications that need both shared and exclusive access modes like cooperative/file-system caching. Hence the utility of these existing designs in high performance scenarios can be limited. In this paper, we present a novel protocol, for distributed locking services, utilizing the advanced network-level one-sided atomic operations provided by InfiniBand. Our approach augments existing approaches by eliminating the need for two sided communication protocols in the critical locking path. Further, we also demonstrate that our approach provides significantly higher performance in scenarios needing both shared and exclusive mode access to resources. Our experimental results show 39% improvement in basic locking latencies over traditional send/receive based implementations. Further, we also observe a significant (up to 317% for 16 nodes) improvement over existing RDMA based distributed queuing schemes for shared mode locking scenarios.
Fault-zone controls on the spatial distribution of slow-moving landslides

Slow-moving landslides (earthflows) can dominate hillslope sediment flux and landscape erosion in hilly terrain with mechanically weak, fine-grained rock. Controls on the occurrence of slow-moving landslides are poorly constrained and need to be understood for landscape evolution models, sediment budgets, and infrastructure and hazards planning. Here, we use airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and aerial photographs to document 150 previously unidentified active earthflows along the central, creeping portion of the San Andreas fault, California. The earthflows move seasonally in response to winter rainfall, occur on hillslopes at ∼20%–40% gradients (less than typically associated with rapid, catastrophic landslides), and have similar morphological characteristics to earthflows in different climatic and tectonic settings. Although our data extend up to 10 km from the fault trace, ∼75% of detected landslides occur within 2 km of the active fault. Topographic, precipitation, and rock type metrics alone are not enough to explain the observed spatial distribution of earthflows. Instead, we hypothesize that earthflows cluster near the creeping San Andreas fault because of a fault-induced zone of reduced bulk-rock strength that increases hillslope susceptibility to failure. In addition, similar lithology, topography, and climate exist north of the creeping section of the fault, yet earthflows there are rare. This may be due to large-magnitude earthquakes episodically triggering coseismic rapid landslides, which preferentially remove weak rock from the fault damage zone. Our analysis suggests that the necessary conditions for earthflow formation in central California include some combination of reduced rock strength, fine-grained sedimentary rock, threshold precipitation and relief, and possibly the absence of large-magnitude earthquakes. These conditions likely hold for earthflow development in other areas, and our work suggests that local variations in rock strength and seismicity, such as those associated with fault zones, need to be taken into account in order to accurately predict earthflow occurrence.
High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 2CC-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in human serum.

2CC-NBOMe {4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl] ethanamine} and 25I-NBOMe {2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl] ethanamine} are of a class of N-benzyl phenethylamine derivatives whose synthesis was first reported in the scientific literature in 2011. Recent reports from 'personal drug experience websites' and in the popular press indicate these drugs are the latest in a series of designer 'Bath Salt' drugs of abuse. The presented high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method was developed for the detection and quantification of 2CC-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in serum of intoxicated emergency department patients. The assay applies 2-​(2,​5-​dimethoxyphenyl)-​N-​(2-​methoxybenzyl) ethanamine (25H-NBOMe) as the internal standard. Samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction columns. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Luna 3 µ C8(2) 100 A, 100 × 2.0 mm, column. Detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curves were linear over the investigated concentration range, 30-2000 pg/mL, with a lower limit of detection of 10 pg/mL for both 2CC-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe. The method proved suitable for serum clinical toxicology testing. Two severely intoxicated emergency department patients were determined to have serum concentrations of 250 and 2780 pg/mL of 25I-NBOMe using the presented method.
No relationship of testicular size at orchiopexy with fertility in men who previously had unilateral cryptorchidism

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined whether testicular size at orchiopexy is predictive of fertility potential and whether size correlates with sperm parameters, hormone levels or testicular volume in adulthood.Materials and Methods: Testicular size obtained from the operative notes of patients who underwent unilateral orchiopexy was classified as normal, small or large for age. These data were compared with outcome data. Paternity data were included on 166 men who reported achieving or unsuccessfully attempting paternity for 12 or more months. Of the men 49 provided blood for hormone level measurement, 43 underwent semen analysis and in 29 testicular volume was determined.Results: In the 166 men, including 98, 65 and 3 with small, normal and large testes for age at orchiopexy, respectively, there was no difference in paternity based on testicular size. Of those who achieved paternity time to conception did not differ based on size. Mean age at surgery also did not differ, nor did the percent of small versus n...
Light microscopic evidence of hair cell regeneration after gentamicin toxicity in chick cochlea.

• This study examines the temporal pattern of hair cell loss in the chick basilar papilla following ten days of gentamicin administration in hatchling chicks. Chicks were subsequently killed at ages 11, 18, 25, and 32 days. The basilar papillae were embedded in plastic and serially sectioned for light microscopic analysis. Hair cell counts were obtained at 100-μm intervals throughout the length of the papilla. Significant hair cell loss was documented basally in the 11-day-old chicks, and spread apically over time to maximal loss in the 18-day-old animals. Relative to the control chicks, there was a 36% hair cell loss in these animals. Interestingly, there appears to be a progressive partial recovery of the normal hair cell counts in the 25- and 32-day-old animals. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:1058-1062)
SK but not IK channels regulate human detrusor smooth muscle spontaneous and nerve-evoked contractions

Animal studies suggest that the small (SK) and intermediate (IK) conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels may contribute to detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) excitability and contractility. However, the a...
Conflicting stories about public scientific controversies: Effects of news convergence and divergence on scientists' credibility.

Surveys suggest that approximately one third of news consumers have encountered conflicting reports of the same information. News coverage of science is especially prone to conflict, but how news c...
Wireless Propagation and Coexistence of Medical Body Sensor Networks for Ambulatory Patient Monitoring

In this paper we present the technical requirements and system issues for wireless Medical Body Sensor Networks (BSNs). Design guidelines are driven by the need to improve ambulatory patient monitoring and care while reducing logistic constraints for patients as well as healthcare professionals. We present our study on three key components of Medical BSN: On-body wireless link (to characterize the RF channel for body worn wireless devices), Coupling between bodies (to characterize the RF interaction between bodies) and Coexistence of Medical BSNs in the RF spectrum. Results and conclusions are presented through simulation and measurement studies. We also discuss our FCC petition for spectrum allocation.
Three-wave soliton interaction of ultrashort pulses in quadratic media

Analytical soliton solutions of the nonlinear three-wave-interaction (TWI) equations are generalized to include phase mismatch Δk. These solutions describe the interaction of so-called TWI solitons. The TWI-soliton and near-TWI-soliton regimes show high-second-harmonic and sum-frequency compression with insignificant satellite pulses for a wide range of nonlinear crystals. Analysis of the solutions shows large time and phase shifts of the fundamentals after the interaction. These shifts are fairly insensitive to the phase mismatch (the dependence is second order in Δk), which may make them useful in all-optical switching devices.
Effective Pedagogy and E-Learning.

The dramatic increase in use of the Internet and the various applications and platforms that are accessed through it is perhaps the most significant single development for the field of teacher preparation in the last 20 years. For many, it is a ray of hope; a truly powerful strategy to reach populations of new and existing teachers who are cut off from best practice. To others and perhaps, many others, these approaches are perceived as, at best, short cuts to effective personnel preparation. They are often considered inadequate and inappropriate substitutes for on-campus and face-to-face instruction. A number of real issues contribute to this growing conflict, but perhaps the greatest of these has to do with the ability of these tools to promote learning, either locally or at-a-distance, or in real-time or at the convenience of the learner. As such, this issue of Teacher Education and Special Education will include a discussion of effective pedagogy and e-learning, a discussion that most likely will conti...
ScalaBLAST: A Scalable Implementation of BLAST for High-Performance Data-Intensive Bioinformatics Analysis

Genes in an organism's DNA (genome) have embedded in them information about proteins, which are the molecules that do most of a cell's work. A typical bacterial genome contains on the order of 5,000 genes. Mammalian genomes can contain tens of thousands of genes. For each genome sequenced, the challenge is to identify protein components (proteome) being actively used for a given set of conditions. Fundamentally, sequence alignment is a sequence matching problem focused on unlocking protein information embedded in the genetic code, making it possible to assemble a "tree of life" by comparing new sequences against all sequences from known organisms. But, the memory footprint of sequence data is growing more rapidly than per-node core memory. Despite years of research and development, high-performance sequence alignment applications either do not scale well, cannot accommodate very large databases in core, or require special hardware. We have developed a high-performance sequence alignment application, ScalaBLAST, which accommodates very large databases and which scales linearly to as many as thousands of processors on both distributed memory and shared memory architectures, representing a substantial improvement over the current state-of-the-art in high-performance sequence alignment with scaling and portability. ScalaBLAST relies on a collection of techniques - distributing the target database over available memory, multilevel parallelism to exploit concurrency, parallel I/O, and latency hiding through data prefetching - to achieve high-performance and scalability. This demonstrated approach of database sharing combined with effective task scheduling should have broad ranging applications to other informatics-driven sciences
SOA migration case studies and lessons learned

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a way of designing, developing, deploying, and managing enterprise systems where business needs and technical solutions are closely aligned. SOA offers a number of potential benefits, such as cost-efficiency and agility. To exploit the benefits that SOA offers, several organizations are adopting a services model for leveraging their existing legacy systems. Migration to SOA can give new life to the existing legacy, but if not done correctly the migration can also lead to failure. There are several factors for this, such as technology selection, migration approach, type of legacy system, and SOA governance. One way to learn how to achieve success and avoid failure is through a thorough analysis of existing work in this field. This paper reports on a study that analyzed existing SOA migration projects to learn from them the factors that influence the success or failure of their efforts. A mechanism called the Evolution Process Framework for SOA was used to structure the analysis. Three SOA migration case studies and one experience report were analyzed. Lessons learned from each study are summarized, with crosscutting issues distilled from across all four studies presented. One of the most important lessons learned is the significance of well-defined policies and procedures for defining, publishing, and maintaining services.
South Sudan and the East African Community: Observer, Associate, or Full Membership

South Sudan and the East African Community: Observer, Associate, or Full Membership: / In the long-run, the economic viability of South Sudan, as that of any small African economy, will depend on regional integration. The East African Community (EAC) is where South Sudan naturally belongs. However, when should South Sudan join full membership of the Community? Should it first join as an associate or an observer member? The decision to admit or not to admit South Sudan into the Community now should depend on answers to a number of questions, such as: Given that virtually all the economic institutions of South Sudan are at their infancy, how will they develop with exposure to relatively developed economic institutions in the other Partner States of the EAC? Having no manufacturing sector, will South Sudan’s infant industries be able to compete with the established Partner States’ industries as the new country begins to industrialize? Will South Sudan not find itself having to violate Community agreements by imposing protective measures? On the other hand, it could be argued that being a blank slate, South Sudan could more easily build its institutions to match the Community standards unlike the old Partner States that have established structures which have to be adjusted to meet Community standards. South Sudan is already integrated into the Kenyan and Ugandan economies. What differences does it make whether this integration continues in an informal or formal form? What would be a “reasonable” period of time to give South Sudan to adjust to the level of integration after which it will have to comply with all agreements of the Community as all other members do?
Abstract 79: Differential Impact of Mitofusins on Endothelial Phenotype

Rationale: Endothelial mitochondria are important for endothelial cell function and the development of vascular diseases. Recent published observations have shown that endothelial mitochondria display altered morphology under stress, suggesting perturbation in mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics involves mitochondria fusion (regulated by mitofusins 1 (Mfn-1) and 2 (Mfn-2) and optic atrophy protein 1). The role of mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial dysfunction in vivo has never been explored. Method and Results: To understand the role of mitofusins in endothelial phenotype in vivo, we ablated mitofusins in Tie2-Cre-expressing cells. In vivo, Tie2-Mfn2 mice (ECKOMfn2) had impaired recovery from hindlimb ischemia and diminished capillary density using CD31 immunofluorescence despite no difference in Tie2-Mfn-1 mice (ECKOMfn1) compared to wild-type mice. We also observed exacerbated muscle atrophy in of ECKOMfn2 but not ECKOMfn1 mice compared to wild-type mice 28 days post HLI. Because vascular ...
A History of Modern Aesthetics 3 Volume Set: Neo-Kantian Aesthetics

Neo-Kantianism “officially” began with the command, or plea, “Back to Kant!” issued by the twenty-five-year-old Otto Liebmann, subsequently professor of philosophy at Strassburg and Jena, in 1865. But what this call meant is far from simple. The import of the plea must be understood in its historical context, where the authority of Kant was to be used to criticize both the speculative, “absolute” idealism of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel that had immediately followed Kant as well as the attempt to ground philosophy on empirical psychology by Gustav Theodor Fechner, Hermann von Helmholtz, and others that had been a previous response to post-Kantian idealism. However, while it might have been expected that a Neo-Kantian movement in aesthetics would develop Kant’s synthesis of the aesthetics of truth and the aesthetics of play and perhaps find a way to add recognition of the emotional impact of art and nature on to Kant’s own theory of aesthetic ideas, that is not what initially happened in Neo-Kantianism. Instead, certainly the first great Neo-Kantian, Hermann Cohen, the leader of the Marburg school, retained the outlines of Kant’s analysis of judgments of taste but dropped his explanation of the pleasure that underlies such judgments as the product of the free play of imagination and understanding; he then recognized the importance of emotions in aesthetic experience, but framed that recognition within an essentially cognitivist approach to aesthetic experience, finding the essence of aesthetic experience to be cognition of the nature of human feelings through art. He thus rejected the speculative metaphysics of Hegelian aesthetics, but retained a cognitivist approach by making human emotions themselves the object of aesthetic cognition. Jonas Cohn, a figure not from the first but from the second generation of the other main school of Neo-Kantianism, the Heidelberg or Southwest school founded by Wilhelm Windelband, made the communication of emotion central to his in this regard deeply un-Kantian aesthetic theory, and in this way came closer to recognizing the experience rather than merely the cognition of emotions as an essential part of aesthetic experience.
Library Services Online: Introducing Library Services for Online MBA Classes

In this article, a librarian at Lincoln Memorial University creates library services for an MBA program offered entirely online that is in the early stages of development. The library services include a subject guide and 4 tutorials that will be added to the MBA online orientation. Other services include offering online office hours and interactive chat. The objective is to provide a variety of services while following library and business distance learning standards. The challenge is to incorporate services in a way that allows online MBA students the access to and selection of services they need to succeed.
Variables Affecting Older Adults' Medication Adherence Strategies:

Older adults' failure to comply with their medication regimens has motivated considerable research. Much previous research has concentrated on the creation of physical memory aids or has focused on the role of conditions like depression. However, the ways in which older adults do adhere to their medication regimens – their medication memory strategies – can also provide useful information. Through an understanding of these adherence strategies as well as the conditions under which nonadherence occurs, we can analyze the relationship between reported strategies and variables, like metamemory, non-routine activities, and medication regimen complexity. The present study proposes a questionnaire designed to elicit this information from older adults. Data from this questionnaire can be used to increase medication adherence by providing guidelines for specialized adherence strategies, identifying conditions under which nonadherence is most likely to occur, and by providing insight into future design of memory a...
Divergent Evolution of Nuclear Localization Signal Sequences in Herpesvirus Terminase Subunits

The tripartite terminase complex of herpesviruses assembles in the cytoplasm of infected cells and exploits the host nuclear import machinery to gain access to the nucleus, where capsid assembly and genome-packaging occur. Here we analyzed the structure and conservation of nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences previously identified in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) large terminase and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) small terminase. We found a monopartite NLS at the N terminus of large terminase, flanking the ATPase domain, that is conserved only in α-herpesviruses. In contrast, small terminase exposes a classical NLS at the far C terminus of its helical structure that is conserved only in two genera of the β-subfamily and absent in α- and γ-herpesviruses. In addition, we predicted a classical NLS in the third terminase subunit that is partially conserved among herpesviruses. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that both location and potency of NLSs in terminase subunits evolved more rapidly than the rest of the amino acid sequence despite the selective pressure to keep terminase gene products active and localized in the nucleus. We propose that swapping NLSs among terminase subunits is a regulatory mechanism that allows different herpesviruses to regulate the kinetics of terminase nuclear import, reflecting a mechanism of virus:host adaptation.