cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age as a modifying factor on the effect of antihypertensive therapy in focal stroke in rats.

Antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine for 10 weeks but not 6 weeks reduces infarct size in 13-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. This study was designed to examine whether the duration of treatment needed to reduce infarct size depends on how long hypertension is present before the initiation of antihypertensive therapy.Six-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated for 6 weeks and 10-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats for 10 weeks with 20 mg/kg hydralazine added daily to the drinking water. The animals were then subjected to focal cerebral ischemia by tandem permanent common carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion.Blood pressure in the treated groups was lower than that in the untreated groups for the entire treatment period in both experiments. Infarct volume in 10-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats treated for 10 weeks, but not in 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats treated for 6 weeks, was significantly less than in...
Spatial Language and Spatial Representation.

This study explores the commonalities between linguistic and visual representations of space. In particular, because common types of spatial relations, specifically closed-class spatial forms in language and qualitative spatial relations in perception, have been proposed in both representational systems, we investigate whether they share underlying structural similarities. Moreover, while visual spatial relations are a basic element of several theories of object representation, they have been characterized mainly in terms of their linguistic counterparts and without direct evidence about their organization. In order to illuminate the nature of these structures, as well as demonstrate possible correspondences between the two systems, we compare how the spatial relationship between pairs of objects in a scene is encoded linguistically and visually. Spatial language was investigated by having subjects either generate (Experiment 1) or rate the applicability of (Experiment 2) spatial terms for describing the spatial relationship between object pairs. Both the frequency of use and the applicability of spatial terms were highest when the two objects were in vertical or in horizontal alignment. Spatial representation was investigated by paradigms in which subjects either recalled the position of one object relative to the other (Experiment 3) or judged whether one object presented sequentially was in the same or a different position relative to the other (Experiment 4). The accuracy of position estimates and the sensitivity to shifts in position were both highest when the rated object was in a spatial location where spatial terms had been judged to have high applicability in Experiments 1 and 2. These results indicate that the structure of space as encoded by language may be determined by the structure of spatial relations in visual representation.
Rethinking Bridging: Risk and Trust in Multiracial Community Organizing

Existing research on social capital advocates for an increase in bridging as an antidote to the “dark side” of bonding. But theory also suggests that the development of new social capital is unlikely in contexts of generalized distrust. This article addresses that quandary through the study of a congregation-based community organizing project in Detroit. Narratives drawn from interviews suggest that bridging also has downsides; potential risks from bridging are a concern for participants in multiracial organizing. I argue that the creation of bridging social capital is possible in part because organizers, clergy, and lay leaders act as conduits, intentionally building interpersonal trust among unlikely participants.
A new approach to procedures with variable arity

This article presents a convenient and efficient procedural interface that allows the definition and use of procedures with optional arguments and indefinite numbers of arguments without resorting to the use of a language-dependent data structure in which to store the arguments. This interface solves many of the problems inherent in the use of lists in Lisp and Scheme to store indefinite numbers of arguments. Simple recursion can be used to consume such arguments without the complexity problems that are caused by the use of the Lisp procedureapply on argument lists. A natural extension to the interface to support multiple return values is presented.
Screening, diagnosis, and staging of non-small cell lung cancer and consideration of unusual primary tumors of the lungs

Refinements of computed tomographic (CT) scanning techniques, such as high-resolution CT, CT densitometry, and contrast enhancement CT, have been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between benign and malignant lung nodules. Unfortunately, none of these techniques is fail proof, and, even when a lesion is considered to be benign, periodic observation is mandatory. In staging the locoregional extent of lung cancer, magnetic resonance imaging has not been shown to be superior to CT scanning and should not be substituted for or used in addition to CT except in special situations. Transesophageal ultrasonography, which identifies additional mediastinal lymph nodes that are not visualized by CT scanning, may become an important adjunct in the clinical staging of the regional extent of the disease. Study findings have supported the value of pleural lavage cytology at thoracotomy. Additional studies of the technique as a prognostic factor should be conducted in patients with resected early-stage disease. The high incidence of cerebral metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma and stage III disease suggests the possible value of routine use of CT scans in this subset of patients who, otherwise, have potentially resectable lung tumors. However, no evidence supports routine scanning in patients with stage I or II disease. The low sensitivity of abdominal CT scans in identifying adrenal metastatic involvement further decreases the value of using this examination routinely to identify occult adrenal metastatic disease.
A conditional variance tale from an emerging economy's freely floating exchange rate

This article studies daily return and volatility dynamics in the exchange rate of an emerging market economy Turkey over the recent floating period. We use Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) and Fractionally Integrated GARCH (FIGARCH) models with various error distributions. Findings show that a parsimonious FIGARCH model with an asymmetric error distribution characterizes the daily Turkish Lira (TL) returns against US dollar and euro considerably well. We find statistically significant asymmetry and peakedness in conditional returns and time-varying volatility with long-range dependence in conditional volatility. Long memory finding is robust to different specifications for the conditional returns as well as possible shifts in the return and volatility dynamics over sub-periods. Results in the article show that despite the decline in volatility over the course of the recent float, TL returns are still wild compared to developed economies exchange rates during the same period. ...
S2U: An efficient algorithm for optimal integrated points placement in hybrid optical-wireless access networks

Integration of optical and wireless networks is considered as one of the promising technologies for next generation Internet access. In this paper, we consider the integrated points placement problem in the hybrid optical-wireless system for optimal resource utilization under the given constraints including hop count, cluster size, and relay load. While the optimization formulation is an NP-hard problem in general, we propose a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm -S^2U algorithm to obtain the near-optimal solution that minimizes the number of integrated points required to support all wireless BSs residing in the wireless part of the integrated system. In contrast to the existing work, our S^2U algorithm forms the clusters starting from the network edge towards its center and the construction of clusters is not only based on the greedy idea but also considers load balancing. We present a theoretical analysis of the complexity of the proposed S^2U algorithm and its approximation ratio to the optimal solution. Furthermore, we present extensive numerical results to compare the proposed S^2U algorithm with the main existing methods. It is shown that S^2U can not only cover a network with a smaller number of integrated points, but also achieve better network performance in terms of the average transmission delay (average hop count) and load balance. In addition, we compare our results with the optimal solution obtained via CPLEX in terms of the minimum number of integrated points. The results show that the gap between the results obtained from our S^2U algorithm and the optimal results is within 5% in average.
Blood residues on archaeological objects — a conservation perspective

AbstractThe impact of human handling on studies of blood residues is demonstrated by experimental work undertaken on modern stone tools. The results are examined within the context of excavation techniques and conservation treatments that may influence laboratory analyses, with special emphasis on the consequences of washing and handling stone artifacts. The results of experimental work are compared with those obtained from a large assemblage of stone tools that was excavated along the shore of the Anacostia River in Washington DC. Because the amounts of biomolecules found on excavated materials are small, more sensitive biochemical techniques are being applied to archaeological artifacts. The implications of organic residue analysis for archaeologists, conservators and collections managers are considered, with emphasis on appropriate methods of excavation, treatment procedures and materials for storage. This paper focuses on the issues of immediate concern to conservators, and the impact that washing and...
Overview of progress in super high efficiency diodes for pumping high energy lasers

We present a summary view of the DARPA SHEDS and ADHELS programs. The goal of these programs is development of technology of a future compact, field-deployable high energy laser (HEL) system.
Erratum to: Majorana physics through the Cabibbo haze

The authors of this paper have made revisions to the original work. This revised version omits a section where a particular linear combination of dimension-five operators was mistakenly claimed to produce the special form of the Majorana matrix discussed in this paper. Although these changes do not affect the main results of the work, minor changes have been made throughout to reflect this omission. In the Introduction, the paragraph of the original manuscript which read
Tool Fracture at the End of a Cut—Part 1: Foot Formation

Refractory metal cutting tools exhibit an unusually high probability of edge chipping and gross fracture when suddenly unloaded after cutting a strong material at high speeds and feeds. After identifying three possible mechanisms of brittle fracture when a cutting tool exits a cut, that associated with so-called “foot” formation is discussed in detail. This involves a sudden shift from steady state chip formation by concentrated shear to gross fracture of the workpiece as the end of the cut is approached. The other possible mechanisms are discussed in a companion paper to follow.
Information Handling in Consumer Decisions

Interviews with consumers, controlled exposures to varied messages, and before and after measures regarding exposure provided data for this study. Tendency to actively search for information was influenced by demographic factors of education and sex. The use made of information was primarily determined by personality factors. Search and information use were also influenced by source and message factors and by product class differences. Finally, source, message, and product class affected the nature of the purchase decision process.
794 VARICELLA-ZOSTER INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS: A GROWING CONCERN

Acute Varicella-Zoster (V.Z.) infections in adults are relatively uncommon in the developed world. During the last 4 years 11 pediatric residents developed chickenpox. Of these, 7 were in the first year of training (PL1), 2 were PL2 and 1 PL3. Of the 7 PL1 residents, 6 acquired infection within 6 months of beginning training. History of prior chickenpox was generally unreliable. All these young adults were born outside the U.S., 3 in the Philippines, 3 in India, 4 in Latin America and 1 in Africa. Nine of the residents acquired V.Z. from casual contact with patients. All residents recovered without any untoward systemic complications. The only morbidity was extensive cutaneous involvement with some residual scarring. Duration of fever ranged from 2 to 6 days whereas time lost from work ranged from 7 to 20 days. Of great concern was occurrence of infection during the second trimester of pregnancy in 2 residents, one of which resulted in stillbirth. Another resident developed her infection while working in the neonatal I.C.U. No secondary cases of V.Z. were reported among patients cared for by these residents. Significant risk exists, however of nosocomial spread of V.Z. in high risk areas such as oncology or transplantation units. Routine serologic screening for susceptibility to V.Z. should be part of employment examination for pediatric residents, particularly in training programs with sizable numbers of foreign born residents.
Aerial-image-based inspection of binary (OPC) and embedded-attenuated PSM

The paper presents a revolutionary technology to inspect advanced contact layers. Instead of finding defects based on a size-dependent defect specification, defects are found according to their impact at the wafer CD result. The inspection methodology used is aerial imaging. The main advantage of this method is that only defects, which actually affect the wafer result, will be detected and classified. The paper presents first inspection results on contact layers designed for the 130nm and 90 nm technology node.
Modular wall climbing robots with transition capability

This paper introduces two wall climbing robots based on different adhesive mechanisms: vortex attraction technique and the vacuum rotor package. The robots adopt modular design with each module can move on various smooth/rough surfaces independently while a combination of two modules can achieve wall-to-wall transition. Detailed description of the novel mechanical and electrical design is presented. Simulation is conducted to reveal aerodynamic behavior of the adhesive mechanism. Several robot prototypes are built to verify the design concepts. Future directions to improve the climbing robots are elaborated
Striping delay-sensitive packets over multiple burst-loss channels with random delays

Multi-homed mobile devices have multiple wireless communication interfaces, each connecting to the Internet via a long range but low speed and bursty WAN link such as a cellular link. We propose a packet striping system for such multi-homed devices - a mapping of delay-sensitive packets by an intermediate gateway to multiple channels, such that the overall performance is enhanced. In particular, we model and analyze the striping of delay-sensitive packets over multiple burst-loss channels with random delays. We first derive the expected packet loss ratio when forward error correction (FEC) is applied for error protection over multiple channels. We next model and analyze the case when the channels are bandwidth-limited with shifted-gamma-distributed transmission delays. We develop a dynamic programming-based algorithm that solves the optimal striping problem for the ARQ, the FEC, and the hybrid FEC/ARQ case.
Stopping criterion for a simulation-based optimization method

We consider a new simulation-based optimization method called the nested partitions (NP) method. This method generates a Markov chain and solving the optimization problem is equivalent to maximizing the stationary distribution of this Markov chain over certain states. The method may therefore be considered a Monte Carlo sampler that samples from the stationary distribution. We show that the Markov chain converges geometrically fast to the true stationary distribution, and use these results to derive a stopping criterion for the method.
Automated Error-Prevention and Error-Detection Tools for Assembly Language in the Educational Environment

Automated tools for error prevention and error detection exist for many high-level languages, but have been nonexistent for assembly-language programs, embedded programs in particular. We present new tools that improve the quality and reliability of assembly-language programs by helping the educator automate the arduous tasks of exposing and correcting common errors and oversights. These tools give the educator a user-friendly, but powerful means of completely testing student programs. The new tools that we have developed are the result of years of research and experience by the authors in testing and debugging students' programming assignments. During this time, we created a few preliminary versions of these automated tools, allowing us to test our students' projects in one fell swoop. These tools gave us the ability to catch stack errors and memory-access errors that we would not have been able to detect with normal testing. These tools considerably shortened the amount of testing time and allowed us to detect a larger group of errors
High and low annealing temperatures increase both specificity and yield in touchdown and stepdown PCR

Touchdown (TD) PCR represents a versatile one-step procedure for optimizing PCRs even if the degree of primer-template complementarity is not fully known. The protocol relies on incremental annealing temperature decreases in progressive cycles designed to bracket the melting temperature (Tm) of the reaction. Here we investigate the characteristics of TD PCR that serve to minimize the need to optimize annealing temperature or buffer conditions and yet produce single strong target amplicons. We demonstrate that priming initiates above the optimum annealing temperature; this helps to ensure a competitive advantage for the target amplicon. On the other hand, as the cycling program progresses, annealing temperatures well below the Tm can serve to significantly increase yields in reactions that would otherwise be marginal due to suboptimal buffer composition and yet do not promote spurious amplification. Modified forms of TD PCR, termed stepdown PCR, consisting of fewer but steeper incremental declines in annealing temperature, are also shown to be effective and can simplify thermal cycler programming.
Adaptive control via parameter set estimation

An adaptive control system is examined where the traditional parameter estimator is replaced by a parameter set estimator which provides a measure of uncertainty of the estimated parameters. it is shown how to construct a parameter set estimator with the property that the true system is always in the model set, and furthermore, how to design the estimation experiment so that the set of uncertainty is as small as possible given some a priori information.
Minimal-change renal disease and Graves’ disease: a case report and literature review

Objective To describe a possible association between Graves’ disease and nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change renal disease and to review the literature related to renal diseases in patients with Graves’ disease. Methods The clinical, laboratory, and renal biopsy findings in a patient with Graves’ disease and minimal change renal disease are discussed. In addition, the pertinent Englishlanguage literature published from 1966 to 2009, determined by means of a MEDLINE search, is reviewed.
A Three-Stage Design Process Applied to an Industry-University Textile Product Design Project:

Continual exploration and understanding of the design process is necessary to advance and encourage implementation of this valuable tool in the field of textiles and clothing. This paper examines design processes used in related fields, presents a common structure that links these working methods, and demonstrates how the structure was used by a university design team to work with an industry client. Design processes used in fields that focus on the design of three-dimensional structures and spaces were reviewed. Salient features were examined and organized into three common stages of problem definition and research, creative exploration and development, and implementation. The project also demonstrates the application of the design process to a textile product design problem.
The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments

The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and CaCO 3 in lake sediments are often inversely related. This relation occurs in surface sediments from different locations in the same lake, surface sediments from different lakes, and with depth in Holocene sediments. Where data on accumulation rates are available, the relation holds for organic carbon and CaCO 3 accumulation rates as well. An increase of several percent OC is accompanied by a decrease of several tens of percent CaCO 3 indicating that the inverse relation is not due to simple dilution of one component by another. It appears from core data that once the OC concentration in the sediments becomes greater than about 12%, the CO 2 produced by decomposition of that OC and production of organic acids lowers the pH of anoxic pore waters enough to dissolve any CaCO 3 that reaches the sediment-water interface. In a lake with a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion, processes in the water column also can produce an inverse relation between OC and CaCO 3 over time. If productivity of the lake increases, the rain rate of OC from the epilimnion increases. Biogenic removal of CO 2 and accompanying increase in pH also may increase the production of CaCO 3 . However, the decomposition of organic matter in the hypolimnion will decrease the pH of the hypolimnion causing greater dissolution of CaCO 3 and therefore a decrease in the rain rate of CaCO 3 to the sediment-water interface.
Electron emission properties of detonation nanodiamonds

This paper summarizes the results of systematic studies of field electron emission from detonation nanodiamond coatings corresponding to nanodiamond powders of different modifications. The role of the chemical composition of the surface of detonation nanodiamond particles in field emission mechanisms is discussed. Field emission-related electronic properties of single diamond nanodots are studied using tight-binding calculations and continuum electrostatic simulations.
Preclinical Characterization of JTK-853, a Novel Nonnucleoside Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

JTK-853 is a novel piperazine derivative nonnucleoside inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. JTK-853 showed potent inhibitory activity against genotype 1 HCV polymerase, with a 50% inhibitory concentration in the nanomolar range, and showed potent antiviral activity against the genotype 1b replicon, with a 50% effective concentration of 0.035 μM. The presence of human serum at up to 40% had little effect on the antiviral activity of JTK-853. Structure analysis of HCV polymerase with JTK-853 revealed that JTK-853 associates with the palm site and β-hairpin region of HCV polymerase, and JTK-853 showed decreased antiviral activity against HCV replicons bearing the resistance mutations C316Y, M414T, Y452H, and L466V in the palm site region of HCV polymerase. JTK-853 showed an additive combination effect with other DAAs (direct antiviral agents), such as nucleoside polymerase inhibitor, thumb pocket-binding nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor, NS5A inhibitor, and protease inhibitor. Collectively, these data demonstrate that JTK-853 is a potent and novel nonnucleoside palm site-binding HCV polymerase inhibitor, suggesting JTK-853 as a potentially useful agent in combination with other DAAs for treatment of HCV infections.
A Global Stability Result in Utility-Based Congestion Control

In this paper, we introduce a new utility-based congestion control algorithm, M-REM (modified-REM), and show its convergence. The algorithm is a slight modification of the so-called REM (random exponential marking) gradient projection algorithm, in which all buffers in the network are cleared when equilibrium source rates are reached. By defining the "price" of a particular link as a weighted sum of the Lagrange multiplier and buffer length associated with that link, we show that M-REM is globally asymptotically stable, while preserving the decentralized nature of REM.
Effect of surfactant addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in sediments

A laboratory study was conducted to determine whether commercial surfactants enhance the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sediments. Phenanthrene was chosen as a representative PAH; an inoculum of PAH-degrading microorganisms, enriched from an aquatic sediment, was used in sediment-water slurry microcosm biodegradation experiments. Of seven non-ionic surfactants tested, only one (Triton X-100) did not inhibit phenanthrene mineralization at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Temporal studies on Triton X-100 revealed that while it initially inhibited mineralization in sediment-free microcosms, after 1 week Triton X-100 slightly improved phenanthrene biotransformation and mineralization in microcosms with and without sediment. For all treatments, phenanthrene disappearance was complete after 9 d, and mineralization reached 50 to 65% after 12 d. Sorption to the sediment appears to have reduced the free aqueous surfactant concentration, thereby reducing surfactant toxicity to the microorganisms. These results suggest that many surfactants are toxic to PAH-degrading microorganisms, and while surfactant addition may not always have adverse effects on biodegradation, the use of surfactants might not be desirable to achieve complete contamination removal.
Formation of Oligomers Containing the β3 and β4 Subunits of the Rat Nicotinic Receptor

The role of the b3 and b4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in brain is still unclear. We investigated nicotinic receptor structure with antibodies directed against unique regions of the b3 and b4 subunits of the rat nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Anti-b4 detected a single band of 66 kDa in most regions of the brain that was strongest in striatum and cerebellum. The 60 kDa b3 subunit was detected primarily in striatum and cerebellum, and faintly in hippocampus. Immunoprecipitation experiments established that the two subunits were coassembled in the cerebellum along with the b2 subunit. Antibodies against the a4, b2, b3, and b4 subunits immunoprecipitated ;75% of the bungarotoxin-insensitive nicotinic receptor from cerebellar extracts as determined by nicotine-dependent acetylcholine binding. Transfection of COS cells with cDNAs for these four subunits induced expression of a high affinity nicotinic receptor. Omission of only a single subunit from the transfection affected either the Bmax or the apparent KD of the receptor. Our data suggest that the b3 subunit functions as a structural entity that links a relatively unstable a4b2 heterodimer to a more stable a4b4 heterodimer. The agonistbinding site formed by a4b2 has a much greater affinity than does that formed by a4b4. In this respect, nicotinic receptors that contain the b3 subunit are structurally homologous to the muscle nicotinic receptor.
Frequency-Selective Heteronuclear Dephasing and Selective Carbonyl Labeling to Deconvolute Crowded Spectra of Membrane Proteins By Magic Angle Spinning NMR

Abstract We present a new method that combines carbonyl-selective labeling with frequency-selective heteronuclear recoupling to resolve the spectral overlap of magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of membrane proteins in fluid lipid membranes with broad lines and high redundancy in the primary sequence. We implemented this approach in both heteronuclear 15 N– 13 C α and homonuclear 13 C– 13 C dipolar assisted rotational resonance (DARR) correlation experiments. We demonstrate its efficacy for the membrane protein phospholamban reconstituted in fluid PC/PE/PA lipid bilayers. The main advantage of this method is to discriminate overlapped 13 C α resonances by strategically labeling the preceding residue. This method is highly complementary to 13 C i - 1 ′ - 15 N i - 13 C i α and 13 C i - 1 α - 15 N i - 1 - 13 C i ′ experiments to distinguish inter-residue spin systems at a minimal cost to signal-to-noise.
Synthesized Comprehension Instruction in Primary Classrooms: A Story of Successes and Challenges

This 8-month qualitative study investigated 3 primary classrooms' implementation of a synthesized approach to comprehension instruction that incorporated vocabulary development, cognitive strategies, and responsive engagement. Three themes emerged, including successes and challenges in (a) the implementation of the separate components of the synthesis approach, (b) the gradual release of responsibility, and (c) the classroom logistics involved in the implementation of the synthesis approach. Teachers became more intentional in vocabulary development, explicit strategy instruction, and the asking of open-ended questions. Students were able to use strategies flexibly and engage in high-level discussions about complex texts. Small-group discussions were initiated, but it was difficult for primary students to lead and sustain productive discussions that enhanced meaning-making.
On the Relationship of the Circumpolar Current to Southern Hemisphere Winds in Coarse-Resolution Ocean Models

Abstract The response of the Circumpolar Current to changing winds has been the subject of much debate. To date most theories of the current have tried to predict the transport using various forms of momentum balance. This paper argues that it is also important to consider thermodynamic as well as dynamic balances. Within large-scale general circulation models, increasing eastward winds within the Southern Ocean drive a northward Ekman flux of light water, which in turn produces a deeper pycnocline and warmer deep water to the north of the Southern Ocean. This in turn results in much larger thermal wind shear across the Circumpolar Current, which, given relatively small near-bottom velocities, results in an increase in Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport. The Ekman flux near the surface is closed by a deep return flow below the depths of the ridges. A simple model that illustrates this picture is presented in which the ACC depends most strongly on the winds at the northern and southern edges of ...
Protection of Hospitality Employees

Copyright: © 2012 Bergquist B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. How much should be done to protect hospitality employees from harm in the workplace? In every argument there is always two sides to the story. The first being hospitality operations are not doing enough to protect their employees. The second being, hospitality operations spend large amounts of training and infrastructure dollars to protect employees from harm in the workplace.
Inkjet printed thin and uniform dielectrics for capacitors and organic thin film transistors enabled by the coffee ring effect

Abstract The deposition of a thin and uniform dielectric layer is required for high performance printed capacitors and thin film transistors (TFTs), however this is difficult to achieve with printing methods. We have demonstrated inkjet-printed dielectrics with a uniform thickness from 70 nm to 200 nm by taking advantage of the coffee ring effect. A high capacitance per unit area of 230 pF/mm2 is achieved from capacitors with linear morphologies fully printed onto flexible substrates. We also demonstrate organic TFTs with an average mobility of 0.86 cm2/Vs and a source drain current of 57 μA obtained with a supply voltage of 15 V. This performance was shown to be consistent, with a standard deviation of 15% obtained from hundreds of printed organic TFTs on PET substrates. This consistency was further validated by the production of functional NAND, NOR, AND and OR logic gates. Our results demonstrate that the coffee ring effect, which is usually viewed as undesirable, can enable higher performance in printed electronic devices.
Refer-to-as relations as semantic knowledge

We study Refer-to-as relations as a new type of semantic knowledge. Compared to the much studied Is-a relation, which concerns factual taxonomic knowledge, Refer-to-as relations aim to address pragmatic semantic knowledge. For example, a "penguin" is a "bird" from a taxonomic point of view, but people rarely refer to a "penguin" as a "bird" in vernacular use. This observation closely relates to the entry-level categorization studied in Psychology. We posit that Refer-to-as relations can be learned from data, and that both textual and visual information would be helpful in inferring the relations. By integrating existing lexical structure knowledge with language statistics and visual similarities, we formulate a collective inference approach to map all object names in an encyclopedia to commonly used names for each object. Our contributions include a new labeled data set, the collective inference and optimization approach, and the computed mappings and similarities.
The Brauer Group

This chapter is concerned with the classification of finite dimensional central division algebras over a given field k. In the case k = R, the Frobenius Theorem shows that R and H are the only finite dimensional central division algebras over R. This kind of classification is optimal in the sense that we have an explicit, easy-to-understand list of all finite dimensional central division algebras over R. Classifying finite dimensional central division algebras over other fields has proven much more difficult, and in fact this problem has been a focal point for research in number theory and quadratic forms. Although such an explicit list as in the case of central division algebras over R cannot always be given, there is much that can be said.
Concentrated insulins: the new basal insulins

Introduction Insulin therapy plays a critical role in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is still a need to find basal insulins with 24-hour coverage and reduced risk of hypoglycemia. Additionally, with increasing obesity and insulin resistance, the ability to provide clinically necessary high doses of insulin at low volume is also needed.
Laser Induced Decohesion Spectroscopy: A New Technique for Measuring Polymer Interfacial Adhesion

We present a new technique, laser induced decohesion spectroscopy (LIDS), which is capable of measuring the practical work of adhesion G between a transparent polymer film and an opaque substrate. In LIDS, a laser pulse directed onto the sample creates a blister at the film/substrate interface. The blister's internal pressure depends on the laser pulse energy, and at a critical pressure the sample fractures. We have derived a theoretical analysis of this experiment based on elasticity theory and fracture mechanics, and present the results. By measuring physical variables such as the thickness of the transparent polymer, the blister radius, and the blister curvature, it is possible to deduce G between the two coatings. Here we report G for a matrix of automotive finish systems consisting of four opaque basecoats of various colors (black, white, red, green) coated with a clearcoat of various thicknesses. We expect G to be a system parameter for each basecoat independent of clearcoat thickness. The values of G for the different basecoats yield the relative adhesion of the various pigmented paint formulations.
Relative Utilization of Calcium from Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Gluconate by Chickens

Numerous investigations have indicated that the chicken mav use a number of forms of calcium for its metabolic needs. Workers at the Kentucky Experiment Station1 studied calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, calcium sulphate, tri-calcium phosphate and calcium chloride as sources of calcium for chickens and found that calcium carbonate was the most effective judged by the degree to which it was utilized in the production of eggs, its influence on the weight of egg contents and shells, and quantity of the salt consumed. Calcium sulphate was not so effective as the carbonate as shown by a smaller egg production and lower weight of shells and egg contents. Calcium lactate was readily utilized but the quantity consumed was variable and small as compared to the carbonate and sulphate. Only small quantities of calcium chloride were consumed and the precipitated tri-calcium phosphate was not a satisfactory source of calcium for egg production as compared to calcium carbonate. The above mentioned salts were fed as s...
Beyond Quality Assurance: Committing to Quality Improvement

The improvement of quality is becoming increasingly important for health care laboratories in today's competitive marketplace. Quality improvement requires new management practices that go beyond present quality assurance practices. Quality improvement is accomplished by solving problems that currently limit laboratory performance. Problem solving is promoted through participative mechanisms such as management project teams, voluntary quality teams, and suggestion programs. Implementation requires a careful plan for supporting the development and growth of these problem-solving mechanisms. New skills, tools, and techniques are required to assure the success of problem-solving teams. Additional training must be provided to enhance and expand laboratorians’ problem-solving skills. Continuous quality improvement provides a management strategy for satisfying customers with improved quality, satisfying laboratorians with improved quality of work life, and satisfying management with improved productivity and reduced costs.
WAIST TO HIP RATIO VERSUS OBESITY SEVERITY IN PREDICTING CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK IN CHILDREN

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of obesity severity and abdominal obesity to measures of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in children. A secondary analysis was performed on obese subjects aged 4 to 21 previously recruited for a research protocol. Non-severe obesity was
Reproductive biology of the Sapayoa (Sapayoa aenigma), the “Old World suboscine” of the New World

ABSTRACT The Sapayoa (Sapayoa aenigma), a low-density resident of Choco rainforests from Panama to Ecuador, has long perplexed ornithologists. It was originally described as a manakin (Pipridae), but molecular work has revealed its closest living relatives to be Old World suboscines (Eurylaimides) and supported its placement in the monotypic family of Sapayoidae. Despite such phylogenetic intrigue, little is known about the Sapayoa's general life history or reproductive biology; only one nest has been described. We present information on 2 actively attended and 13 inactive Sapayoa nests in Darien National Park, Panama. We provide the first detailed description of individual effort at an active nest, family group dynamics during the nesting period, the plumage of immature birds, and the range of vocalizations produced. We also present the first documentation of cooperative breeding and compile several recent nesting observations, extending the published Sapayoa breeding period by several months. Furthermor...
The Experiment Research of the Cooperated Property Between the Free-Solid Kill Fluid and Polyacrylamide Solution

The free solid kill fluid was mainly composed of one or more inorganic salts, with other additives coupled with to improve the fluid's performance. But there is a question of compatibility between the free solid kill fluid and polyacrylamide solution. When the polymer concentration is lower, there is a good compatibility between the two fluids and there is no deposit in the mixed fluid. When the polymer concentration is higher and the density of kill fluid is lower (1.25 g/cm 3), there is a good cooperative property between the two fluids and there has little damage to the oil formation, but when the density of kill fluid is higher (1.40 g/cm 3), there is a bad cooperative property between the two fluids and there has serious damage to the oil formation.
Research and Comparison With the International Taxation Supervision

On the basis of comparison with the overseas taxation supervision and practice,the paper puts forward what we can learn from concerning our present condition.It also suggests some approaches for the taxation supervision as to perfect it in China.Study on how to make full use of the characteristics of various supervisions is to shape a multiform,efficient system for taxation supervision in China.
Stress evolution in CoxFe1−x (x = 0.33–0.87) electrodeposited films

Abstract Electrodeposition of 0.5 μm thick Co x Fe 1− x ( x = 0.33–0.87) films was carried out from a sulfate/chloride plating solution containing saccharin as an organic additive at constant current density and a controlled pH 2.3. The increase of Fe 2+ concentrations in plating solution resulted in an increase of Fe-content and tensile stress in Co x Fe 1− x films, which is accompanied by a decrease of plating rate. Several possible origins for generation of tensile stress include the following: interfacial stress between CoFe films and Cu-substrate, crystal texture and grain size, coalescence and stress evolution during film growth, and hydrogen adsorption/desorption. The adsorption/desorption mechanism of hydrogen seems to be the most likely dominant stress mechanism. The relationship between increase of the tensile stress and decrease of plating rate was discussed.
The Algorithm of Discovery: Making Discoveries on Demand

According to our hypothesis the Algorithm of Discovery should be an evolutionary component of the Primary Language of the human brain (as introduced by J. von Neumann in 1957). In our research we identified two such components, Linguistic Geometry (LG), and the Algorithm of Discovery. We suggested that both components are mental realities “hard-wired” in the human brain. LG is a formal model of human reasoning about armed conflict, an evolutionary product of millions of years of human warfare. In this paper we focus on discovering the Algorithm of Discovery, the foundation of all the discoveries throughout the history of humanity. This Algorithm is based on multiple thought experiments, which manifest themselves and are controlled by the mental visual streams. This paper reports results of our investigation of the major components of the Algorithm of Discovery with special emphasis on constructing a series of models and mosaic reasoning. Those approaches are demonstrated briefly on discoveries of the No-Search Approach in LG, the structure of DNA, and the theory of Special Relativity.
Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Atomic Force Microscopy to Determine How α-Synuclein Affects Membrane Mechanics

We have investigated the mechanical properties of membranes using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical properties were obtained from MD simulations using recently developed approaches that rely on the analysis of bilayer undulations. Comparable values were obtained from AFM by directly measuring bilayer stiffness. We began our study by examining the mechanics of DPPC, DMPC, and 1:1 DMPC:cholesterol liposomes. We then studied increasingly complex lipid mixtures in an attempt to understand the mechanics of synaptic vesicles. Our previously published MD results revealed that addition of α-Synuclein to single lipid component, fluid-phase SUVs decreases their rigidity. We are working to verify this finding using AFM and to test whether α-Synuclein has a similar effect on SUVs that more closely model the complexity of synaptic vesicles.
Assessing intra- and inter-regional climate effects on Douglas-fir biomass dynamics in Oregon and Washington, USA

While ecological succession shapes contemporary forest structure and dynamics, other factors like forest structure (dense vs. sparse canopies) and climate may alter structural trajectories. To assess potential sources of variation in structural trajectories, we examined proportional biomass change for a regionally dominant tree species, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), across vegetation zones representing broad gradients in precipitation and temperature with 3510 forest inventory plots in Oregon and Washington, USA. We found that P. menziesii biomass change decreased with P. menziesii biomass stocks and increased with P. menziesii density, remaining positive in older stands only in the wet and warm vegetation zone. Within two of the vegetation zones, biomass change was greatest in warm and wet environments. In dry vegetation zones, positive P. menziesii biomass change responses to initial canopy cover and canopy cover change (i.e., increases with cover loss and decreases with cover gain) indicated shifts in forest structure. Variation in P. menziesii biomass dynamics within and between vegetation zones imply multi-scale climatic controls on forest structural trajectories for P. menziesii and highlight the potential for continued atmospheric carbon sequestration in warm and wet forests of the Pacific Northwest for both young and old forests, given that future climatic conditions support similar forest dynamics.
Influence of Biologic Subtype of Inflammatory Breast Cancer on Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Cancer Outcomes.

Abstract Background Few data exist on the influence of tumor biologic subtype on treatment response and outcomes for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). We examined a contemporary cohort of IBC patients treated with current targeted systemic therapies, selected on the basis of tumor biologic subtype, to evaluate pathologic treatment response and cancer outcomes across biologic subtypes. Patients and Methods We studied 57 clinical stage T4dM0 IBC patients operated on at our institution from October 2008 to July 2015. Comparisons across biologic subtypes were performed by Wilcoxon rank-sum or chi-square tests; Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to analyze survival outcomes. Results All patients received neoadjuvant systemic therapy; 54 (95%) completed postmastectomy radiation. Ninety-one percent (52/57) had clinically node-positive disease at presentation. Pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in the breast and axilla differed significantly by approximated biologic subtype, defined as estrogen receptor (ER) positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative; and HER-2 positive and ER negative/HER-2 negative (all P Conclusion Our data show that both treatment response and outcomes vary significantly across IBC biologic subtypes. Multimodal treatment and modern systemic therapies have markedly improved DFS and BCSS. These data provide further evidence to suggest that IBC is not a distinct biologic entity transcending standard breast tumor marker subclassification.
Levels of Computational Explanation

It is widely agreed that one can fruitfully describe a computing system at various levels. Discussion typically centers on three levels: the representational level, the syntactic level, and the hardware level. I will argue that the three-level picture works well for artificial computing systems (i.e. computing systems designed and built by intelligent agents) but less well for natural computing systems (i.e. computing systems that arise in nature without design or construction by intelligent agents). Philosophers and cognitive scientists have been too hasty to extrapolate lessons drawn from artificial computation to the much different case of natural computation.