cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of radial inertia on brittle samples during the split Hopkinson pressure bar test

For a valid split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) or Kolsky compression bar experiment, the sample should be in dynamic stress equilibrium over most of the test duration. In this study, we investigate the effect of radial inertia on elastic samples during a valid SHPB test. We present closed-form equations for the three additional stress components induced by radial inertia for incompressible and compressible, linear elastic samples. These equations should assist in the early experimental designs. As the experiments proceed and more is learned about the sample response, numerical analysis can be used to obtain a more refined account of the sample response and dynamic material strength.
Songs of the Red-capped Robin, Petroica goodenovii: comparison of acoustic features in island and mainland populations

We studied the songs and singing behavior of Red-capped Robins (Petroica goodenovii) on Rottnest Island and in mainland Dryandra Woodland State Forest, Western Australia. We compared the song structure and acoustic features of the 'tinkle' and 'blurt' vocalisations in those two locations, and in addition we examined songs of Red-capped Robins recorded in eastern Australia. We found that the tinkle songs of the birds of Rottnest Island differed in the temporal pattern of note phrases from those at Dryandra, and detailed analyses revealed that the acoustic features of the notes constituting tinkle songs were significantly different as well. Linking together of two or more songs was common in the singing behavior of Dryandra birds but unusual in Rottnest Island birds. Tinkle songs from Eastern Australia were similar to those of Dryandra, suggesting widespread uniformity of the tinkle song on the mainland, and emphasising the differentiation of the Rottnest Island form of the tinkle song. In contrast to the results on tinkle songs, the blurt songs of the island and all mainland birds differed very little, suggesting different developmental processes for the two song forms.
Force distribution, multiscaling, and fluctuations in disordered elastic media

We investigate the scaling properties of the distribution of the forces that are exerted on the bonds of an elastic percolation network near the percolation threshold ${p}_{c}$. It is shown that the moments of this force distribution (FD) provide useful insight about topological, transport, and fracture properties of percolation systems near ${p}_{c}$, and that elastic percolation clusters possess multifractal properties. From the properties of the FD, we argue that the distribution of fracture strength near ${p}_{c}$ cannot be in the form of an exponential, which is presumably valid far from ${p}_{c}$. We also propose that the universality class of elastic percolation networks should be defined in terms of the universality of all exponents that are associated with the various moments of the FD. Thus, elastic percolation networks with and without bond-bending forces may belong to two different universality classes, since the critical exponents of only the zeroth and the second moments of their FD appear to be the same. We introduce and investigate the concept of elastic noise ${S}_{e}$ in percolation systems, i.e., the macroscopic fluctuations in the elastic properties of the system that arise as a result of microscopic fluctuations in the elastic constants of the bonds of the system. Near ${p}_{c}$, ${S}_{e}$ vanishes according to a power law with a new exponent, which is related to the exponents that characterize the moments of the FD.
Econometric Models of Latin American Dependency

This paper is devoted to the formulation of tentative formal models on dependency in both political and economic dimensions, and to estimate them with empirical data on Latin America, the home ground of the dependency theories. In the political dimension, the model tries to “explain” the coercive authoritarianism of the regime by employing the concept of political dependence. In the economic dimension, developmental performance and economic inequality are explained by the components of economic dependence, such as capital and trade dependence. Explanatory constructs of the models include not only those “dependency” variables, but also the internal domestic factors. The explanatory power of the models are surprisingly high, and most of the key coefficients are statistically significant. Residuals are also examined.
T-wave abnormalities are a better predictor of cardiovascular mortality than ST depression on the resting electrocardiogram.

Background: ST depression and T-wave amplitude abnormalities are known to be independent predictors of cardiovascular (CV) death, but a direct comparison between them has not been described. Methods: Analyses were performed on the first electrocardiogram (ECG) digitally recorded on 46,950 consecutive patients at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center since 1987. Females and patients with electrocardiograms exhibiting bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, electronic pacing, diagnostic Q waves, or Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome were excluded, leaving 31,074 male patients for analysis (mean age 55 ± 14). There were 1878 (6.0%) cardiovascular deaths (mean follow-up of 6 ± 4 years). Electrocardiograms were classified using Minnesota code according to the degree of ST depression and T-wave abnormality, and the nine possible combinations of ST segment and T-wave abnormalities were recoded for analysis. Results: The combination of major abnormalities in ST segments and T-waves carried the greatest hazard [3.2 (CI 2.7–3.8)]. Minor ST depression combined with more severe T-wave abnormalities carried a hazard of 3.1 (CI 2.5–3.7), whereas minor T-wave abnormalities combined with more severe ST depression carried a hazard of only 1.9 (CI 1.6–2.3). Conclusion: While both ST segment depression and abnormal T-wave amplitude are clinically important, T-wave abnormalities appear to be greater predictors of cardiovascular mortality.
FIRST REPORT OF GYMNODINIUM PULCHELLUM (DINOPHYCEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA AND ASSOCIATED FISH KILLS IN THE INDIAN RIVER, FLORIDA

Fish and invertebrate kills were reported from September to October 1996 in the Indian River, Florida, coincident with blooms of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium pulchellum Larsen 1994. This is the first report of a bloom of this species in the Americas. Fish and invertebrate species affected were common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), hardhead catfish (Arius felis), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus), black drum (Pogonias cromis), blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), and shrimp (Penaeus spp.). However, Gymnodinium pulchellum has previously caused fish kills in Japan and Australia. Examination of archived phytoplankton samples from a fish kill reported in the same area of the Indian River in August 1990 confirmed the presence of high concentrations of G. pulchellum. Fish kills associated with Alexandrium monilatum and potentially Pfiesteria-like species in the Indian River also are discussed. Scanning electron microscopy provided additional morphological detail on this distinct but little-known dinoflagellate.
A vision-based system for remote sensing of bridge displacement

This study proposed the vision-based system which remotely measures dynamic displacement of bridges in real-time using digital image processing techniques. This system has a number of innovative features including a high resolution in dynamic measurement, remote sensing, cost-effectiveness, real-time measurement and visualization, ease of installation and operation and no electro-magnetic interference. The digital video camera combined with a telescopic device takes a motion picture of the target installed on a measurement location. Meanwhile, the displacement of the target is calculated using an image processing technique, which requires a target recognition algorithm, projection of the captured image, and calculation of the actual displacement using target geometry and number of pixels moved. For the purpose of verification, a laboratory test using shaking table test and field application on a bridge with open-box girders were carried out. The test results gave sufficient dynamic resolution in frequency as well as the amplitude.
Rubidium spectroscopy on a chip

We review the current status of integrating optical quantum interference effects such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), slow light, and highly efficient nonlinear processes on a semiconductor chip. A necessary prerequisite for combining effects such as slow light and related phenomena with the convenience of integrated optics is the development of integrated alkali vapor cells. Here, we describe the development of integrated rubidium cells based on hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Hollow-core waveguides were fabricated on a silicon platform using conventional microfabrication and filled with rubidium vapor using different methods. Rubidium absorption through the waveguides was successfully observed which opens the way to integrated atomic and molecular on a chip. The realization of quantum coherence effects requires additional surface treatment of the waveguide walls, and the effects of the surface coating on the waveguide properties are presented.
A model study of wind-blown free-burning fires

In a study of free-burning fire modeling, both point- and area-source flames and line, fires were exposed to cross winds. With point- and area-source flames, the flame height was found to decrease slowly with the initial exposure to the cross wind and then to decrease more rapidly as the velocity of the cross wind was increased. Specifically, the dimensionless, flame height varied with the negative 1/4-power of the Froude number based on cross-wind velocity and undisturbed flame height, above a Froude number of 0.2. The horizontal extension of the flame, on the other hand, increased rapidly with increasing cross wind at first, and then less rapidly with the 1/6-power of the Froude number. When line fires composed of point sources were exposed to cross winds, the height of the flame varied with the inverse square root of the Froude number plus a constant, the value of which depends on the fuel. The tangent of the flame angle varied directly with the square root of the Froude number. These observations agree generally with those reported in the literature relative to two-dimensional fires from wood cribs, up to a value of the Froude number at which buoyancy effects on the flame seem to vanish.
Water−Nucleobase “Stacking”: H−π and Lone Pair−π Interactions in the Atomic Resolution Crystal Structure of an RNA Pseudoknot

The hydrogen bond acceptor capability of aromatic rings has been demonstrated both by experimental and theoretical studies, and D−H···π interactions (H−π interaction), where D is mainly N, O, and C, are ubiquitous in structures of macromolecules. By comparison, the interaction of a lone pair of water directly with the face of a π-system (l.p.−π interaction) seems counterintuitive and to date has only been studied theoretically. In the crystal structure of an RNA pseudoknot at atomic resolution, all nucleobases not involved in either intra- or intermolecular base−base stacking interactions exhibit stacking with water molecules either of the H−π or the l.p.−π type. The geometry observed for the l.p.−π type water−nucleobase stacking is consistent with that predicted in recent ab initio studies.
Sources of Variation for Long-Flow Experimental Milling

Flour milling quality of new wheat cultivars routinely is measured on long-flow experimental flour mills with multiple break and reduction rolls that produce many mill streams. Virginia State wheat trials were evaluated to determine the relative contributions of genotypes, production years, and error to the variation in long-flow milling traits using the Allis-Chalmers long-flow flour mill at the USDA Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory. In one study, 11 cultivars were evaluated for five years. Variation due to error, which was passed on the cultivar x year interactions, was half the size of genotypic variance for straight-grade and break-flour yeld. In the second study, 27 cultivars were evaluated for two years. Geno-type was a more important source of variance for smilling traits than error. Error variances were approximately one- half of the genotype variances for straight- grade flour yield and break-flour yeld One paired evaluation between an experimental line and standard cultivar may be sufficient to detect large differences in milling performance between an experimental and a check cultivar . However other milling and flour characteristics tended to have smaller ratios of genotype to error variance, suggesting that greater levels of replication may be required than for straight-grade flour yield.
Investigation of the ductility of rolled polymers

The effect of cold rolling on the mechanical properties of polymers, viz., acetal, nylon 66, poly(vinyl chloride) and polycarbonate has been studied. The yield strength, Young's modulus, and hardness increase with increasing cold work, except for a slight drop in these properties at low values of cold work. The ductility increases with rolling to a maximum and drops with further reduction. At the same time, the tensile strength increases continuously with rolling. This conspicuous occurrence of the increase in ductility with a simultaneous increase in tensile strength for polymers, unlike that in metals, is explained considering the morphological changes produced in polymers upon cold rolling. It is shown that this typical behavior is not due to the unique loading or heating and cooling cycle involved in the rolling process.
Subsurface Multiphase Flow and Multicomponent Reactive Transport Modeling using High-Performance Computing

Numerical modeling is a critical tool to the U.S. Department of Energy for evaluating the environmental impact of remediation strategies for subsurface legacy waste sites. Unfortunately, the physical and chemical complexity of many sites overwhelms the capabilities of even most state of the art groundwater models. Of particular concern is the representation of highly-heterogeneous stratified rock/soil layers in the subsurface and the biological and geochemical interactions of chemical species within multiple fluid phases. There is clearly a need for higher-resolution modeling (i.e. increased spatial and temporal resolution) and increasingly mechanistic descriptions of subsurface physicochemical processes (i.e. increased chemical degrees of freedom). We present SciDAC-funded research being performed in furthering the development of PFLOTRAN, a parallel multiphase flow and multicomponent reactive transport model. Written in Fortran90, PFLOTRAN is founded upon PETSc data structures and solvers. We are employing PFLOTRAN to simulate uranium transport at the Hanford 300 Area, a contaminated site of major concern to the Department of Energy, the State of Washington, and other government agencies. By leveraging the billions of degrees of freedom available through high-performance computation using tens of thousands of processors, we can better characterize the release of uranium into groundwater and its subsequent transport to the Columbia River, and thereby better understand and evaluate the effectiveness of various proposed remediation strategies.
Locomotor adaptations reflected in the wrist joints of early tertiary primates (adapiformes)

The positional behaviors inferred for early Tertiary adapiform primates have been the subject of considerable debate. Adapiform wrist morphology is analyzed here within the context of extant morphoclines in carpal joint shape in order to reconstruct adapiform positional behavior. Extant vertical clingers, slow climbers, and arboreal quadrupeds differ significantly from one another in length of the m flexor carpi ulnaris lever arm, shape of the midcarpal joint articular surface, and size and divergence of the pollical carpometacarpal articulation. These morphological differences are functionally related to differential requirements for wrist flexion, midcarpal mobility and stability, and pollical grasping, respectively. Adapis, Notharctus, and Smilodectes share with living arboreal quadrupeds a tall pisiform body, a mediolaterally flat midcarpal joint surface, and a relatively unexpanded thumb joint. Functionally, these features are related to flexing the wrist from extended positions during palmigrade, quadrupedal locomotion, increasing midcarpal joint stability during quadrupedal, weight-bearing postures, and grasping arboreal supports of predominantly horizontal and oblique orientation. The Messel adapiform (genus indet.) shares certain features of the midcarpal and pollical carpometacarpal articulations with extant vertical clingers, suggesting that this taxon used vertical substrates more frequently than other adapiforms.
Bifurcation of scattering orders in degenerate four-wave mixing

Novel bifurcating scattering orders are predicted for the Raman–Nath regime of degenerate four-wave mixing in a medium that displays optical bistability due to increasing absorption.
Accidental Hypothermia among the Elderly: An Educational Prevention Program.

Abstract Accidental hypothermia, the unintentional drop in body temperature below 95 Fahrenheit from exposure to the cold, poses a significant health threat to people over 65. Faced with rising fuel costs and appeals to conserve energy, many older Americans may set their thermostats below 70 F and thus increase their risk of becoming hypothermia victims. This paper discusses the problem of hypothermia and specific factors that put older individuals at risk. Also described is the development, implementation, and evaluation of an educationally oriented prevention program.
Relationships between stem CO2 efflux, substrate supply, and growth in young loblolly pine trees

Summary •We examined the relationships between stem CO2 efflux (Es), diameter growth, and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in loblolly pine trees. Carbohydrate supply was altered via stem girdling during rapid stem growth in the spring and after growth had ceased in the autumn. We hypothesized that substrate type and availability control the seasonal variation and temperature sensitivity of Es. •The Es increased and decreased above and below the girdle, respectively, within 24 h of treatment. Seasonal variation in Es response to girdling corresponded to changes in stem soluble sugar and starch concentration. Relative to nongirdled trees, Es increased 94% above the girdle and decreased 50% below in the autumn compared with a 60% and 20% response at similar positions in the spring. •The sensitivity of Es to temperature decreased below the girdle in the autumn and spring and increased above the girdle but only in the autumn. Temperature-corrected Es was linearly related to soluble sugar (R2 = 0.57) and starch (R2 = 0.62) concentration. •We conclude that carbohydrate supply, primarily recently fixed photosynthate, strongly influences Es in Pinus taeda stems. Carbohydrate availability effects on Es obviate the utility of applying short-term temperature response functions across seasons.
Genetic and clinical features of primary torsion dystonia

Abstract Primary torsion dystonia (PTD) is defined as a syndrome in which dystonia is the only clinical sign (except for tremor), and there is no evidence of neuronal degeneration or an acquired cause by history or routine laboratory assessment. Seven different loci have been recognized for PTD but only two of the genes have been identified. In this review we will describe the phenotypes associated with these loci and discuss the responsible gene. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Advances in dystonia”.
Identification of amino acid residues contributing to the mechanism of cooperativity in Escherichia coli D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase.

l-Serine inhibits the catalytic activity of Escherichia coli d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH) by binding to its regulatory domain. This domain is a member of the ACT domain family of regulatory domains that are modulated by small molecules. A comparison of the phi and psi torsional angle differences between the crystal structures of PGDH solved in the presence and in the absence of l-serine demonstrated a clustering of significant angle deviations in the regulatory domain. A similar clustering was not observed in either of the other two structural domains of PGDH. In addition, significant differences were also observed at the active site and in the Trp-139 loop. To determine if these residues were functionally significant and not just due to other factors such as crystal packing, mutagenic analysis of these residues was performed. Not unexpectedly, this analysis showed that residues that affected the kcat/Km were grouped around the active site and those that affected the serine sensitivity were g...
Metaphor Dialog in Psychotherapy

I suggest a psychotherapeutic approach which involves extended allegorical conversations between therapist and patient, and present 2 case examples. The approach, Metaphor Dialog (MD), can be described as a 4-way conversation among the conscious and unconscious aspects of both persons' psyches. Although it typically begins with patient-generated material, MD often involves empathic, intuitive, and spontaneous interventions by the therapist which may depart significantly from the metaphoric material overtly presented by the patient. I argue that such an approach represents a beneficial balance between existing metaphor-based techniques which emphasize either patient-generated or therapist-generated content. MD may offer important increases in therapeutic potency in contrast to techniques in which attention to the metaphors developed by 1 or the other party are assumed to be more effective or appropriate.
Identification and enumeration of asbestos fibers in the mining environment: mission and modification to the Federal Asbestos Standard.

Abstract Since the promulgation of the first Federal Asbestos Standard by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 1972, other federal agencies have modified the standard to better carry on their own unique missions. The instruments used to identify and measure asbestos, the sampling protocol, and the criteria used to define asbestos, have been modified to some degree. The Mine Safety and Health Administration regulates and controls asbestos dust in the mining and mineral commodity industries. However, crushed stone and processed ores contain mineral fragments that are frequently difficult to distinguish from asbestos. Mineral nomenclature, instruments for particle analysis, and sampling strategy must be accommodated to some degree to make asbestos control workable and meaningful. Precedent in other agencies has made consideration of these changes possible. Newly identified amphibole asbestos minerals have further complicated the agency’s regulatory charge. Changes in its Asbestos Standard are now being considered. Crushed taconite ore in the Eastern Mesabi highlights many of these issues.
A DEDICATED REFRACTORY ANGINA CLINIC IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE

As the population ages and coronary artery disease mortality declines, an increasing number of patients have advanced coronary artery disease. Many of these patients are suboptimal candidates for further revascularization and have refractory angina (RA) despite optimal medical management. Dedicated
Determination of saccharin in electroplating baths by differential pulse and a.c. polarography

Abstract Saccharin can be determined in palladium, gold and nickel electroplating baths by differential pulse polarography or second-harmonic a.c. polarography after extraction with an ethyl acetate/carbon tetrachloride mixture and after masking the noble metal with cyanide. Detection limits lie between 0.025 and 0.005 g l -1 . Bath components such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, glucose, citrate, Fe 3+ , Sn 4+ , Cr 3+ , Ni 2+ and Pb 2+ do not interfere.
Evolutionary interplay between ecology, morphology and reproductive behavior in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Throughout its range, freshwater populations in the Gasterosteus aculeatus species complex display remarkable differentiation of morphology and behavior, much of which reflects differences in ecological conditions among habitats. We first describe the ecological conditions that have led to morphological and behavioral divergence in two common lake types in British Columbia, Canada. Deep, oligotrophic lakes have favored the evolution of slender fish well adapted for feeding on plankton (limnetic, sensu McPhail 1984), whereas shallow, more eutrophic lakes with extensive littoral zones favor fish that are deeper-bodied and well adapted for feeding on benthic invertebrates. The latter forage in large groups that attack nests guarded by males and cannibalize the young within. Courtship in these lakes is relatively inconspicuous, a feature that apparently enhances nest survivorship. In limnetic populations, this form of cannibalism is usually absent and courtship is conspicuous. Because benthic populations tend to have larger bodies and hence, larger gapes than do limnetic fish we suggest that cannibalism may be facilitated by large body size or a correlated trait. We test this by comparing the morphology of populations exhibiting both group cannibalism and a second kind of cannibalism in which solitary females court males, gain access to nests as a consequence, and then cannibalize eggs without spawning. Our results suggest that differences in body size cannot explain variation among populations in cannibalistic tendencies but that body size may affect the effectiveness of cannibalism by females within populations.
Infrared intensity measurements—I. Experimental conditions and a standard band

Abstract The experimental conditions for the measurement of absolute infrared intensities of vibrational transitions have been examined using the out-of-plane CH vibration of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzone. This symmetrical band has been investigated in solution in carbon disulfide. The band was analyzed by the band shape moment analysis. The error in the experimentally determined intensity is estimated to be ±5 percent. It is suggested that this band would be useful as an intensity standard in condensed systems.
DNA Binding Specificities of YPF1, a Drosophila Homolog to the DNA Binding Subunit of Human DNA-dependent Protein Kinase, Ku

Abstract YPF1, a heterodimeric protein from Drosophila melanogaster, is a homolog to Ku, the DNA binding subunit of human DNA-dependent protein kinase. This kinase is crucial in transcriptional activation, V(D)J recombination, double-strand break repair, and both topoisomerase and helicase activities. To investigate functional homology between YPF1 and Ku, we examined DNA binding properties of YPF1. Like Ku, at 100 mM KCl, YPF1 binding has no detectable DNA sequence specificity, requires a DNA terminus, and has a concentration-dependent stoichiometry consistent with subsequent translocation along DNA. YPF1 differs from Ku by having a 105-fold higher affinity. At 400 mM KCl, YPF1 still prefers DNA termini but shows binding specificities not observed previously with Ku. In descending order of affinity, YPF1 binds to: specific DNA sequences with a specific polarity and spacing relative to DNA termini; nonspecific linear DNA; and circular DNA. At this higher ionic strength, binding stoichiometry is concentration independent, indicating that YPF1 remains bound to ends. These results demonstrate a strong functional homology between YPF1 and Ku at physiological ionic strength. The strong binding of YPF1 has also allowed us to detect underlying binding specificities that may be specific to YPF1 and its function.
Endothelial activation is an intermediate step for peripheral lipopolysaccharide induced activation of paraventricular nucleus

Peripheral injection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVN), and consequently the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis. Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been considered as a key mediator that translates the peripheral LPS stimulation into neuronal activation in the PVN. Several studies attempting to localize the expression of receptors for IL-1 (IL-1R), however, have failed to detect IL-1R on PVN neurons. It remains unclear, therefore, how IL-1 might stimulate the neurons of the PVN. In this study, we traced the cellular responsiveness to IL-1 by measuring the mRNA production of the cytokine responsive gene IkappaBalpha in the PVN. After either peripheral injection LPS or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of IL-1beta, IkappaBalpha mRNA was found mostly in endothelial cells of the brain with the highest level of expression in PVN blood vessels. In addition, both injections also induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in brain endothelial cells. Pretreatment with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, blocked LPS and IL-1 induced neuronal activation in the PVN, but did not reduce the induction of IkappaBalpha in PVN endothelium. These results show that IL-1 acting on the endothelial cells of the brain, particularly in the PVN, may be an intermediate step relating peripheral immune signals to the brain.
Measurements of magnetoresistivity and magnetization of Sr2RuO4 single crystals

Abstract We report measurements of magnetoresistivity, dc magnetization, and ac magnetic susceptibility on several single crystal samples of Sr 2 RuO 4 (T c = ∼1 K). Magnetoresistivity was measured in the temperature range 0.1 ∼ 4K, and in applied magnetic fields up 6 tesla. The magnetic field and current were applied both parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal. From the measurements, we determined the superconducting upper critical field, H c2 (T). We observed that in magnetic fields above H c2 , and for transport currents both in the abplane and along the c-axis, Sr 2 RuO 4 exhibits a metallic resistivity down to 0.1 K. We have also studied the magnetic phase diagram by measuring dc magnetization M(H) in the temperature range 0.4 ∼ 2 K and in applied fields up to 60 mT along the c-axis of the crystal using a Faraday magnetometer. We discuss the resistively and magnetically determined superconducting phase diagrams along with ac susceptibility data.
Condensin I Recruitment to Base Damage-Enriched DNA Lesions Is Modulated by PARP1

Condensin I is important for chromosome organization and segregation in mitosis. We previously showed that condensin I also interacts with PARP1 in response to DNA damage and plays a role in single-strand break repair. However, whether condensin I physically associates with DNA damage sites and how PARP1 may contribute to this process were unclear. We found that condensin I is preferentially recruited to DNA damage sites enriched for base damage. This process is dictated by PARP1 through its interaction with the chromosome-targeting domain of the hCAP-D2 subunit of condensin I.
Dynamic coverage optimal control of interferometric imaging spacecraft formations

In this paper, we study dynamic coverage optimal control, which is a new class of optimal control problems motivated by multi-spacecraft interferometric imaging applications. The dynamics is composed of N second order differential equations representing N fully actuated particles. To be minimized is a cost functional that is a weighted sum of the total fuel expenditure, the relative speeds between the particles and the measure of a given set whose size is a function of the particles' trajectories. We derive optimality conditions and give a simple three spacecraft example to illustrate the concepts and ideas presented in the paper.
Understanding how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence disease.

Combinations of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) genes have been associated with diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, reproductive failure, and now cancer. Much as early observations of disease associations with HLA polymorphism preceded a detailed knowledge of HLA recognition by T cell receptors, the recently reported disease associations with HLA–KIR gene combinations beg for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
The effect of bonding wires on longitudinal temperature profiles of laser diodes

The thermal effect of bonding wires in laser diodes is analyzed using the analytical temperature solution for a five-layer structure and an iteration technique. Finite element method is used to confirm the results. Due to the bonding wire, the longitudinal temperature profile of laser diodes exhibits significant reduction at the foot of the wire even with uniform longitudinal heat distribution. For lasers designed with uniform longitudinal current density, heat increases toward the laser facets because of nonradiative recombination of carriers through surface quantum states on the facets. This leads to local temperature concentration on and near the facets. The conduction of heat through the bonding wire at the top center of laser chips further enhances this temperature concentration. In use, the stripe electrode of laser diodes is at uniform voltage. Under this operation condition, the current density would increase in the higher temperature regions due to bandgap decrease, causing higher heat flux. And consequently even higher temperature. Accordingly, the location of bonding wire and the shape of stripe electrode require careful consideration in the design phase to achieve uniform longitudinal temperature profile.
Network anomaly detection with incomplete audit data

With the ever increasing deployment and usage of gigabit networks, traditional network anomaly detection based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have not scaled accordingly. Most, if not all IDS assume the availability of complete and clean audit data. We contend that this assumption is not valid. Factors like noise, mobility of the nodes and the large amount of network traffic make it difficult to build a traffic profile of the network that is complete and immaculate for the purpose of anomaly detection. In this paper, we attempt to address these issues by presenting an anomaly detection scheme, called SCAN (Stochastic Clustering Algorithm for Network Anomaly Detection), that has the capability to detect intrusions with high accuracy even with incomplete audit data. To address the threats posed by network-based denial-of-service attacks in high speed networks, SCAN consists of two modules: an anomaly detection module that is at the core of the design and an adaptive packet sampling scheme that intelligently samples packets to aid the anomaly detection module. The noteworthy features of SCAN include: (a) it intelligently samples the incoming network traffic to decrease the amount of audit data being sampled while retaining the intrinsic characteristics of the network traffic itself; (b) it computes the missing elements of the sampled audit data by utilizing an improved expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm-based clustering algorithm; and (c) it improves the speed of convergence of the clustering process by employing Bloom filters and data summaries.
Topotecan in the management of cervical cancer

Topotecan, a semisynthetic camptothecin, exerts its cytotoxic effect through inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I. Single-agent topotecan has demonstrated activity against persistent, metastatic and recurrent cancer of the uterine cervix. When combined with cisplatin in Phase II trials, further improved response rates have been reported. The cisplatin/topotecan doublet subsequently proved to be the first regimen in a series of multiple Phase III studies to demonstrate improved disease-free and overall survival in this setting compared with cisplatin alone, thus leading to its third indication by both the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency in 2006. This survival advantage was achieved at the expense of an increase in grade 3 – 4 hematologic toxicity; however, there was no difference in patient-reported quality of life between the cisplatin/topotecan doublet and single-agent cisplatin. This article reviews the pharmacology of topotecan and its evolution as an active agent in advanced and metastatic cervi...
INCARNATIONAL THEOLOGY AND THE GOSPEL: EXPLORING THE MISSISSIPPI MODEL OF EPISCOPAL MEDICAL MISSIONS TO PANAMA

This article explores the faith-based medical missions of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi to underserved rural indigenous peoples of Panama. The Mississippi Model focuses on health care delivery and de-emphasizes conversion to a religious faith, an approach that some may classify as a faith-based community performing secular tasks. However, the Mississippi Model arises from incarnational theology, which—viewed from both historical and contemporary perspectives—argues against a secular categorizing of the mission clinics. Consistently, our interviews with missioners, participant-observations, and review of the Episcopal Church literature, both nationally and in Mississippi, suggest that mission performance is considered a practice of faith not distinct from other expressions of faith, such as liturgical worship.
Keys to gully formation processes on Mars: Relation to climate cycles and sources of meltwater

Abstract Advances in dating gullies on Mars using superposition relationships and a stratigraphic marker horizon link gully chronostratigraphy to recent climate cycles. New observations of gully morphology show the close association of gully source regions, channels, and fan deposits with well-documented ice-rich latitude-dependent mantle deposits, the deposition of which is interpreted to be coincident with recent ice ages. On the basis of these close correlations, we interpret the formative processes for mid-latitude gullies to involve melting of these ice-rich mantling deposits and the generation of an aqueous phase leading to fluvial activity. Continued monitoring of gullies by spacecraft in the current “interglacial” climate period (∼0.4 Ma to the present) will permit assessment of changing rates and styles of gully activity in the now largely depleted source areas.
Coelution of Other Proteins with Albumin during Size-Exclusion HPLC: Implications for Analysis of Urinary Albumin

Background: Size-exclusion HPLC has been used as an alternative to immunoassays for quantifying urinary albumin (microalbumin). Systematically higher values for the HPLC method have been proposed to result from nonimmunoreactive albumin. Methods: We evaluated separation of purified proteins and urinary components by size-exclusion HPLC using a Zorbax Bio Series GF-250 column eluted with phosphate-buffered saline. Urinary components eluting in the “albumin” peak were analyzed by mass spectrometry and reversed-phase HPLC. Results: Several proteins, such as transferrin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, α1-acid glycoprotein, and α2-HS glycoprotein, analyzed as purified components, were not resolved from albumin by size-exclusion HPLC. Peaks for other proteins, such as IgG and urinary components identified as dimers of α1-microglobulin and immunoglobulin light chains, overlapped with the albumin peak. Profiles of urine specimens showed variable amounts of components overlapping with albumin. Furthermore, the albumin peak obtained by size-exclusion HPLC was found by mass spectrometry and reversed-phase HPLC to contain multiple components in addition to albumin. Conclusions: Size-exclusion HPLC does not resolve albumin from several other proteins in urine. The albumin peak resolved by this technique, although predominantly composed of albumin, contains several coeluting globulins that would contribute to overestimation of albumin concentration by size-exclusion HPLC.
Thermosensitive polymer brush‐supported 4‐N,N‐dialkylaminopyridine on silica particles as catalyst for hydrolysis of an activated ester in aqueous buffers: Comparison of activity with linear polymer‐supported version and effect of LCST transition

We report on the synthesis of a thermosensitive polymer brush-supported 4-N,N-dialkylaminopyridine catalyst and the comparison of its catalytic activity with the corresponding linear polymer-supported version in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) as well as the effect of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition on catalytic activity. The polymer brushes were synthesized from initiator-functionalized silica particles by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methoxytri(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and 2-(N-methyl-N-(4-pyridyl)amino)ethyl methacrylate in the presence of a free initiator. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the onset temperatures of the LCST transition of polymer brushes in pH 7.52 and 7.82 buffers were 42 and 38 °C, respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, the net initial rate of the hydrolysis of NPA catalyzed by hairy particles was 70–80% of that catalyzed by the free copolymer at the temperature below the LCST of polymer brushes. With further increasing the temperature above the LCST, the plot of logarithm of net initial rate versus inverse temperature exhibited a shift for the reactions catalyzed by hairy particles and leveled off or decreased slightly in the case of using the free copolymer as catalyst, presumably because the structures of the aggregates of hairy particles and free copolymer chains were different. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2853–2870, 2009
IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO VI. GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IN VIVO-IN VITRO DISCREPANCIES IN 19S ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS

The finding that the relationship of the in vitro and in vivo responses of different strains of mice is under genetic control indicates that at least two mechanisms must operate under in vivo conditions to control 19S antibody synthesis. One is involved in the termination of 19S antibody synthesis; the other has a regulatory role on the magnitude of the response. In light of these findings, various concepts based on other genetically controlled immune responses and on the limiting dilution technique should be reassessed. Furthermore, the suppressive in vivo mechanism may be an important type of control in the resistance or susceptibility to the establishment or maintainance of neoplasms.
The Study of Organizational Effectiveness

This paper reviews the goal approach and the system resource approach to the study of organizational effectiveness. First, the goal approach is defended with respect to criticisms made by the users of the system resource approach. Next it is criticized for its failure to develop general measures of effectiveness. The system resource approach is then criticized because optimization is not measured, few general measures are used, and the basic rule of mutual exclusiveness is seriously violated. Finally, a general measure of effectiveness is suggested, based on Georgopoulos and Mann's (1962) study of community general hospitals.
Advanced perception, navigation and planning for autonomous in-water ship hull inspection

Inspection of ship hulls and marine structures using autonomous underwater vehicles has emerged as a unique and challenging application of robotics. The problem poses rich questions in physical design and operation, perception and navigation, and planning, driven by difficulties arising from the acoustic environment, poor water quality and the highly complex structures to be inspected. In this paper, we develop and apply algorithms for the central navigation and planning problems on ship hulls. These divide into two classes, suitable for the open, forward parts of a typical monohull, and for the complex areas around the shafting, propellers and rudders. On the open hull, we have integrated acoustic and visual mapping processes to achieve closed-loop control relative to features such as weld-lines and biofouling. In the complex area, we implemented new large-scale planning routines so as to achieve full imaging coverage of all the structures, at a high resolution. We demonstrate our approaches in recent op...
On Cellular Cloud Patterns. Part 3: Applicability of the Mathematical and Laboratory Models

Abstract A nonlinear mathematical model of an unstably stratified layer of fluid with an imposed uniform vertical mass flux γ through porous boundaries has shown that, for Rayleigh number R near its critical value Rc for | γ | ≤ 1, and for Prandtl number Pr > 1.1, open cells are the only stable flow if γ 0; and roll convection is the only stable flow if γ = 0. Laboratory experiments have verified these results and have shown that their range of validity can be extended to | γ | ≈ 2, and R several times Rc. Here these results are applied to the region of sinking air behind cold fronts of mid-latitude cyclones over the oceans. The quasi-geostrophic omega equation is used to compute vertical velocities. An equivalent potential temperature gradient is determined from upper air soundings. Good agreement is found between regions of large-scale descending motion and occurrence of open cells, and between regions of large-scale ascending motion and occurrence of cl...
Abstract WP129: The Potential Impact of Maintaining a 3-Hour IV tPA Window

Background: In 2008, the ECASS-3 trial demonstrated that IV-tPA could be safely administered for acute stroke patients presenting between 3 and 4.5 hours from symptom onset. Recently, the FDA rejec...
Calling in the Reserves: Judicial Replacements on the U.S. Supreme Court

The decision to recuse presents Supreme Court justices with a no-win choice between preserving legitimacy and risking the possibility of an evenly divided vote. A recent proposal would allow retired justices to serve when a justice is absent to help alleviate this tension. Here, we examine the potential implications of this proposal using more than 60 years of unique counterfactual data. Our results suggest that replacement justices could have changed the policy set by the Court in only a small subset of cases and, more importantly, could have helped the Court avoid more than a quarter of their even divisions.
Desiccation resistance in two species of Drosophila

Three populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, each one represented by 12 isofemale lines, and one laboratory strain of D. melanogaster were tested for desiccation resistance at two time periods. Except in the case of one population of D. pseudoobscura, the ability to withstand drying was significantly greater in females than in the corresponding males. The males of the three populations of D. pseudoobscura differed significantly among themselves in their resistance to desiccation, as did the females. The females of D. melanogaster exhibited a consistently higher survival rate than those of D. pseudoobscura, but not the males. These results are discussed with reference to the third chromosome inversion polymorphism of D. pseudoobscura and the cosmopolitan distribution of D. melanogaster.
The Morphology of the Repugnatory Glands of Anasa Tristis De Geer.

The property of some Hemiptera, more especially the Pentatomidae and Cimicidae, of emitting an offensive odor when disturbed or injured has been known for many years. The first record of the source of the secretion which produces this odor showed it to be a gland in the ventral part of the metathorax opening to the exterior by ducts on either side in front of the hind coxae. Later it was found that similar glands in some of the dorsal segments of the abdomen of the nymphs had the same property but upon molting to the adult stage these glands disappeared and were apparently replaced by those in the metathorax without any change in function.