cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing Watershed Scale P Losses from Manure Spreading in Temperate Climates across Mechanistic Soil P Models

AbstractWatershed scale modeling is commonly used to evaluate nutrient fluxes to surface waterbodies and the appropriateness of regulatory intervention, such as the implementation of a total maximu...
Book review. Massih Zekavat (2017). Satire, Humor, and the Construction of Identities. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Massih Zekavat (2017). Satire, Humor, and the Construction of Identities. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 210 pp.
Updated survival analysis of preoperative gemcitabine (gem) plus bevacizumab (bev)-based chemoradiation for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

4051 Background: Preop therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer (PC) maximizes access to multimodality therapy and increases the R0 resection rate. Based on our phase I chemoradiation (chemoRT) tri...
La cuestión peliaguda del tiempo en Celestina: propuesta de acotaciones escénicas

En una obra dialogada de veintiun actos, los personajes ocasionalmente aluden explicitamente al tiempo que pasa. No obstante, se puede deducir que hay un tiempo implicito que, sin estar anotado textualmente, transcurre tambien entre los eventos de la obra. En la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea estos casos del tiempo que pasa «en off» se pueden reconstruir leyendo con detenimiento los dialogos de los distintos personajes. En una edicion moderna, se podria agregar unas acotaciones que aclararian el tiempo que pasa y mejorar la experiencia del lector. Efectivamente, casi tres semanas de tiempo pasa en la obra, independiente del mes que los autores agregaron para extender los amores de los protagonistas titulares.
P70 A Mixed Methods, Multilingual Evaluation of the Neighborhood Produce Market Participant Experience

Objective To evaluate the participant experience of the Neighborhood Produce Market (NPM), a mobile fresh food pantry, in a small Mid-Atlantic city. Use of Theory or Research A participatory approach used to implement a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study. Target Audience Adult NPM participants with children in the household and primary language of English, Spanish, and/or Arabic. Program Description Through a collaboration of food bank, university, and hospital community outreach partners, NPM offers fresh, free produce and nutrition education with food samples to families at risk of food insecurity. Since its inception in 2017, NPM has served over 300 families and 500 children in 20 neighborhoods. Evaluation Methods Four phases informed by collaborative partners with assistance from Spanish and Arabic interpreters/translators: 16 interviews to inform survey development; survey development with closed- and open-ended items and testing; survey translation and testing; and survey data collection using Qualtrics. Content analysis and descriptive statistics conducted for interview and survey data, respectively. Results Among interviewees (14 females; 2 males), half of the interviews were conducted in English, 31% in Spanish, and 19% in Arabic. Major themes categorized by benefits, impact on family fruit and vegetable intake, food access norms, and suggestions. Survey completed by 40 participants (34 females; 6 males) in Spanish (40%), Arabic (32%), English (28%). Over 95% reported NPM connected people in the communities and had a positive impact on physical or financial health of families. Most respondents (97%) were introduced to new foods, with 80% reporting their children tried new foods. Over 85% reported they and their household members ate more fresh vegetables due to the NPM. Only 11% reported being uncomfortable getting food from the NPM. Suggestions included marketing, accessibility, and variety/quantity of foods. Conclusions There may be benefits to using a mobile fresh food pantry model like NPM for multilingual communities. Findings may be useful to nutrition educators to meet participant fruit and vegetable needs in similar communities.
Frontostriatal White Matter Integrity Relations with “Cool” and “Hot” Self-Regulation after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces microstructural damage to white matter pathways connecting neural structures in pre-frontal and striatal regions involved in self-regulation (SR). Dorsal and v...
"Goals of Care Conversations Don't Fit in a Box": Hospice Staff Experiences and Perceptions of Advance Care Planning Quality Measurement

Abstract Context With rising concerns about quality of care in hospice, federal agencies recently began mandating quality measurement in hospice, including measures of advance care planning (ACP). Objectives To characterize hospice providers' experiences with ACP quality measurement and their reflections on ways to improve it. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews of fifty-one hospice providers from various clinical backgrounds and organizational roles in four geographically diverse non-profit, community-based hospices in the U.S. Participants were queried about their experiences with and barriers to ACP quality measurement processes in their organization, opinions about the impacts of federally mandated quality measures, and ideas for improvement. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an interdisciplinary team, facilitated by ATLAS.ti and Excel. Results Four key findings of the ACP quality measurement experience for hospice staff included variation, barriers, attitudes, and recommendations for improvement. 1) Variation: Within and across organizations, participants applied a variety of processes to measure ACP quality, and exposure to and experiences with quality measurement varied based on organizational role. 2) Barriers: ACP quality measurement was impeded by limited resources, technological problems, and measurement challenges. 3) Attitudes: Participants' opinions of recently implemented federally mandated requirements for ACP quality measurement highlighted numerous downsides, unintended consequences, and few upsides. 4) Recommendations: improvements included personalizing ACP quality measures, elevating the importance of quality measurement, and streamlining processes. Conclusion Hospice staff take ACP quality measurement seriously, but insufficient organizational resources and regulatory bureaucracy create challenges. Efforts to enhance ACP quality measure nuance and assess outcomes are needed to improve care.
The Cross-Modal Suppressive Role of Visual Context on Speech Intelligibility: An ERP Study

The efficacy of audiovisual (AV) integration is reflected in the degree of cross-modal suppression of the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs, P1-N1-P2), while stronger semantic encoding is reflected in enhanced late ERP negativities (e.g., N450). We hypothesized that increasing visual stimulus reliability should lead to more robust AV-integration and enhanced semantic prediction, reflected in suppression of auditory ERPs and enhanced N450, respectively. EEG was acquired while individuals watched and listened to clear and blurred videos of a speaker uttering intact or highly-intelligible degraded (vocoded) words and made binary judgments about word meaning (animate or inanimate). We found that intact speech evoked larger negativity between 280-527-ms than vocoded speech, suggestive of more robust semantic prediction for the intact signal. For visual reliability, we found that greater cross-modal ERP suppression occurred for clear than blurred videos prior to sound onset and for the P2 ERP. Additionally, the later semantic-related negativity tended to be larger for clear than blurred videos. These results suggest that the cross-modal effect is largely confined to suppression of early auditory networks with weak effect on networks associated with semantic prediction. However, the semantic-related visual effect on the late negativity may have been tempered by the vocoded signal's high-reliability.
Penis and Scrotum: Congenital and Acquired Anomalies

Anomalies of the penis and scrotum are common and may be congenital, acquired, or iatrogenic. The understanding of the normal anatomy of the penis and scrotum is important in order to assist in evaluating congenital and acquired anomalies of the male genitalia. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the normal anatomy and anomalies of the penis and scrotum.
Models of Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking from a SU(2k+3) Model

We investigate three classes of supersymmetric models which can be obtained by breaking the chiral SU(2k+3) gauge theories with one antisymmetric tensor and 2k-1 antifundamentals. For N=3, the chiral SU(2k)$\times$SU(3)$\times$U(1) theories break supersym metry by the quantum deformations of the moduli spaces in the strong SU(2k) gauge coupling limit. For N=2, it is the generalization of the SU(5)$\times$U(2)$\times$U(1) model mentioned in the literature. Supersymmetry is broken by carefully choosing the q uark-antiquark-doublet Yukawa couplings in this model. For N=1, this becomes the well-known model discussed in the literature.
Neptune Trojans as a Testbed for Planet Formation

The problem of accretion in the Trojan 1:1 resonance is akin to the standard problem of planet formation, transplanted from a star-centered disk to a disk centered on the Lagrange point. The newly discovered class of Neptune Trojans promises to test theories of planet formation by coagulation. Neptune Trojans resembling the prototype 2001 QR322 (``QR'')--whose radius of ~100 km is comparable to that of the largest Jupiter Trojan--may outnumber their Jovian counterparts by a factor of ~10. We discover that seeding the 1:1 resonance with debris from planetesimal collisions and having the seed particles accrete in situ naturally reproduces the inferred number of QR-sized Trojans. We analyze accretion in the Trojan sub-disk by applying the two-groups method, accounting for kinematics specific to the resonance. We find that a Trojan sub-disk comprising decimeter-sized seed particles and having a surface density 1e-3 that of the local minimum-mass disk produces ~10 QR-sized objects in ~1 Gyr, in accord with observation. Further growth is halted by collisional diffusion of seed particles out of resonance. In our picture, the number and sizes of the largest Neptune Trojans represent the unadulterated outcome of dispersion-dominated, oligarchic accretion. Large Neptune Trojans, perhaps the most newly accreted objects in our Solar System, may today have a dispersion in orbital inclination of less than ~10 degrees, despite the existence of niches of stability at higher inclinations. Such a vertically thin disk, born of a dynamically cold environment necessary for accretion, and raised in minimal contact with external perturbations, contrasts with the thick disks of other minor body belts.
Food Photography as a Tool to Assess Type, Quantity, and Quality of Foods in Parent-Packed Lunches for Preschoolers

Abstract Objective Explore using food photography to assess packed lunches in a university-based Early Childhood Center and contextualize these photographs through parent interviews. Methods An explanatory sequential design was used. Packed lunches were photographed to assess the type and quantity of foods offered and consumed by Child and Adult Food Care Program components (fruit, vegetable, grain, and protein) and quality of foods offered using the Healthy Meal Index. Parent interviews aimed to understand motivations and behaviors related to packing lunch. Results Data were collected on 401 lunches. Only 16.2% of lunches met all Child and Adult Food Care Program requirements. Most lunches included fruit (84%) and grains (82%), whereas fewer included vegetables (44%). Portion sizes were large, especially for grains (2.7 ± 1.5 servings). In interviews (n = 24), parents expressed tension between offering healthful items and foods they knew their child would eat, as well as concern about children going hungry. Conclusions and Implications Food photography is a feasible methodology to capture parent-packed lunches for preschoolers and may have utility in nutrition education, particularly related to age-appropriate portion sizes.
How Student Affairs Education Limits Spiritual, Religious, and Secular Identity Exploration: A Qualitative Study of Graduate Students' Educational Experiences.

Little scholarship explores the attention to religious, spiritual, and secular identity in the graduate preparation of student affairs professionals. To address this gap, we undertook a phenomenolo...
A Concurrent MICS/ISM Dual-Band CMOS Low Noise Amplifier for an Integrated Body Sensor Network

In this paper, a concurrent dual-band LNA is proposed in a commercial 180 nm technology for integration of a body sensor network (BSN). The LNA operates in the Medical Implant Communication System (MICS) band of 402-405 MHz and the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band of 902-928 MHz. Dual-band input and output matching networks are used to produce two resonances at the desired frequencies. The LNA is verified through simulation of both pre and post layout, and shows a current draw of 2 mA from a 1.8 V supply. At the center frequencies of 403.5 MHz and 915 MHz, the gain is 17.0 and 12.71 dB, and the noise Figure is 2.3 and 1.7 dB, respectively.
After 800 Mtp Events, Mortality Due to Hemorrhagic Shock Remains High and Unchanged Despite Several In-Hospital Hemorrhage Control Advancements.

BACKGROUND Numerous advancements in hemorrhage control and volume replacement that comprise damage control resuscitation (DCR) have been implemented in the last decade to reduce deaths from bleeding. We sought to determine the impact of DCR interventions on mortality over 12 years in a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) population. We hypothesized that mortality would be decreased in later years, which would have used more DCR interventions. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective review of all MTP patients treated at a large regional Level I trauma center from 2008 to 2019. Interventions by year of implementation examined included MTP 1:1 ratio (2009), liquid plasma (2010), tranexamic acid (2012), prehospital tourniquets (2013), REBOA/TEG (2017), satellite blood station (2018), and whole blood transfusion (2019). Relative risk and odds of mortality for DCR interventions were examined. RESULTS There were 824 MTP patients included. The cohort was primarily male (80.6%) injured by penetrating mechanism (68.1%) with median (interquartile range) age 31 years (23-44) and New Injury Severity Score 25 (16-34). Overall mortality was unchanged [(38.3%-56.6%); P = 0.26]. Tourniquets (P = 0.02) and whole blood (WB) (P = 0.03) were associated with lower unadjusted mortality; only tourniquets remained significant after adjustment (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.89; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Despite lower mortality with use of tourniquets and WB, mortality rates due to hemorrhage have not improved at our high MTP volume institution, suggesting implementation of new in-hospital strategies is insufficient to reduce mortality. Future efforts should be directed toward moving hemorrhage control and effective resuscitation interventions to the injury scene.
Transcriptome Spectra: Agnostic Expression Variables To Empower Genomic Epidemiology Studies

Cancers are highly heterogeneous diseases and large molecular datasets are increasingly part of describing an individuals unique experience. Gene expression is particularly attractive because it captures both genetic and environmental consequences. Our new approach, SPECTRA, provides a framework of agnostic multi-gene linear equations to calculate variables tuned to the needs of genomic epidemiology studies. SPECTRA variables are not supervised to an outcome. They are quantitative, linearly uncorrelated variables that retain integrity to the original data and cumulatively explain the majority of the global population variance. Together these variables represent a deep dive into the transcriptome, including both large and small sources of variance. The latter is often over-looked, but holds potential for the identification of smaller groups of individuals with large effects and important for developing precision strategies. Each SPECTRA variable is a quantitative tissue phenotype that can be considered a phenotypic outcome providing new avenues to explore disease risk. Also, as a set of SPECTRA variables, they are ideal for modeling alongside other variables as predictors for any clinical outcome of interest. We demonstrate the flexibility of SPECTRA variables for multiple endpoints using RNA sequencing from 767 myeloma patients in the CoMMpass study. Quantitative transcriptome SPECTRA variables enhance the tools researchers have available for incorporating expression in studies to advance precision screening, prevention, intervention, and survival.
Extrinsic Trochoidal Dichroism is Modulated by Nanoparticle Symmetry

The polarization properties of near-field confined light significantly diverge from their freely propagating counterparts. Polarized evanescent waves can support cycloid-like trochoidal field motio...
Uncertainty quantification in dimensions dataset of additive manufactured NIST standard test artifact.

Abstract The printed features on an additive manufactured part will often deviate from the nominal values of the 3D model's features due to the factors such as printer resolution, printing parameters, printing technology, and the measurement method. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard test artifact contains a collection of various features that can be used to characterize a 3D printer's performance and has been used to benchmark metal printers. There is limited documentation on how well different additive manufacturing processes can fabricate the NIST artifact. This dataset records the dimensional uncertainty of selective printed features of the NIST artifact manufactured with polymer and resin printing processes. It contains the post-processing dimensional measurements of geometric features on the printed test artifacts. In order to generate the data, a total of 16 samples of the test artifact were printed with fused deposition modelling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing methods. The percentage error between the measurement of features in the printed samples and their nominal computer aided design (CAD) values are calculated. For future reusability of this data, the same NIST test artifact CAD model can be printed, and the features’ measurements can be compared with the dataset presented in this article.
The Relationships Between Reduced Alcohol Use and Decreased Burnout Following Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training in Law Enforcement Officers.

Objective: This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in an earlier clinical trial of mindfulness-based resilience training (MBRT) (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number 02521454), where...
Ice Skating in a Physical Education Curriculum

(1947). Ice Skating in a Physical Education Curriculum. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 644-686.
Biomorphic Dynamical Networks for Cognition and Control

Advances in understanding the neuronal code employed by cortical networks indicate that networks of parametrically coupled nonlinear iterative maps, each acting as a bifurcation processing element, furnish a potentially powerful tool for the modeling, simulation, and study of cortical networks and the host of higher-level processing and control functions they perform. Such functions are central to understanding and elucidating general principles on which the design of biomorphic learning and intelligent systems can be based. The networks concerned are dynamical in nature, in the sense that they “compute” not only with static (fixed-point) attractors but also with dynamic (periodic and chaotic) attractors. As such, they compute with diverse attractors, and utilize transitions (bifurcation) between attractors and transient chaos to carry out the functions they perform. An example of a dynamical network, a parametrically coupled net of logistic processing elements, is described and discussed together some of its behavioural attributes that are relevant to elucidating the possible role for coherence, bifurcation, and chaos in higher-level brain functions carried out by cortical networks.
Ferric hydrous oxide sols

The methods of preparation of ferric hydrous oxide sots consisting of particles, uniform in shape, of narrow size distribution are described in detail. To produce such sots, acidic solutions, containing ferric ions and nitrate, perchlorate, or chloride ions, respectively, were aged at elevated temperatures for times ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. Solids formed from the solutions containing chloride consisted of either β-FeOOH or α-Fe2O3 depending on the concentration of ferric and chloride ions, whereas particles generated in solutions containing nitrate or perchlorate ions consisted of α-Fe2O3. Particle shape varied greatly as the conditions of colloid preparation were altered. It was possible to produce systems consisting of cubic, ellipsoidal, pyramidal, rodlike, and spherical particles. Such dispersions differed greatly in color. Complete domains are given in terms of ferric salt and corresponding acid concentrations which delineate regions of particle formation of given chemical composition and shape. Electrokinetic measurements show relatively small difference in point of zero charge for the various sots studied.
Optimization of Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) Parameters for Selective Removal of MOSFET Gate Dielectric and Evaluation of its Physical and Electrical Properties

The integrated circuit (IC) is dominated by technology using Complementary Metal-oxide-Semiconductor Field- effect Transistor (CMOSFET). In order to put few hundred millions of transistors on silicon chip requires selective removal of material by Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) which ensures vertical cut thereby increasing packing density of devices on the chip. The gate insulator of CMOS devices plays a crucial role in its electrical performance. In this research gate insulator of MOSFET has been etched by state-of-art technique RIE and its physical and electrical properties have been measured. The gate insulator etching by RIE give rise to charge accumulation on the gate dielectric resulting in change in threshold voltage. Also early breakdown of MOS devices is a direct consequence of charge accumulation on gate dielectric during RIE process. The RIE etching was performed with Technics Series 85-RIE unit, and it was optimized in respect of power, pressure, and composition of gases to achieve less charge accumulation, and stable threshold voltage. The thickness of the gate insulator was measured by the Nanospec before and after etching. Charges accumulated on gate oxide were measured by HP 4280A which is a high frequency capacitance-voltage (CV) measurement system. Annealing of the RIE etched gate oxide were performed at suitable temperature to bring the charges to minimum level. Results of the research are presented in tables and figures.
Implications of volcanism in coastal California for the Neogene deformation history of western North America

[1] The geologic record of coastal California includes evidence of numerous volcanic centers younger than 30 Ma that do not appear to have erupted in an arc setting. By correlating these volcanic centers with specific slab windows predicted from analysis of magnetic anomalies on the Pacific plate, we add new constraints to tectonic reconstructions since 30 Ma. Our correlations, such as erupting the Morro Rock–Islay Hill complex south of the Pioneer fracture zone and the Iversen Basalt south of the Mendocino fracture zone, require larger displacements within western North America than advocated by most previous authors. Specifically, we infer at least 315 km of motion between the Sierra Nevada and rigid North America at an azimuth of about N60°W and at least 515 km between Baja California and rigid North America in a similar direction. A consequence of inferring a large displacement of Baja California is that the Pacific–North American plate boundary must have developed most of its current form prior to 10 Ma. We interpret a slab window developing between Cocos and Monterey plates after 19 Ma that reconstructs under nearly all of the southern California volcanic centers dated at 18–14 Ma. Most of the sedimentary basins associated with volcanic rocks show brief periods of rapid subsidence synchronous with volcanism, followed by slow subsidence of variable but often extended duration, consistent with rapid extension of cold lithosphere over recently introduced hot asthenosphere.
Development of the Conduction System: Picking up the Pace

Abstract The cardiac conduction system initiates and maintains electrical activity that must pass through every cell of the heart to trigger contraction. How are these “specialized” cells differentiated from working cardiomyocytes? The question is simple, the story complex, and the answers remain elusive. Discrepancies between morphological studies and functional data leave genetics and molecular biology to fill the gaps in our understanding. In this chapter, we travel the path from the early gross anatomy discoveries to high‐resolution optical mapping studies, focusing on the latest work from both murine and avian systems. We speculate on the future direction of investigation into conduction system development and highlight the clinical significance of this work.
Stability of discretely stringer-stiffened cylindrical shells.

The paper presents and analysis for the stability characteristics of axially compressed simply supported thin cylindrical shells stiffened by longitudinal stringers. Stringers and panels between stringers are treated as discrete structural components. Donnell's shell theory is used for panels, and each stringer is governed by a set of four ordinary differential equations.
A Comparison of the Major Apolipoprotein from Pig and Human High Density Lipoproteins

Abstract High density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated from pig plasma by ultracentrifugal flotation between densities 1.063 and 1.210 g per ml. After delipidation, the apolipoproteins were fractionated by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-cellulose in 5.4 m urea. One major apolipoprotein was isolated and characterized. From its chemical and physical properties, this major apolipoprotein appears very similar to apoLP-Gln-I from human HDL. Pig HDL appears to differ from human HDL in a marked decrease in the relative content of apoLP-Gln-II in the pig lipoprotein family. A distinct peak associated with apoLP-Gln-II was not identified by chromatography of pig apoHDL. A small quantity of a protein with the same mobility of human apoLPGln-II was detected in pig apoHDL after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The major apolipoprotein from pig HDL had an approximate molecular weight of 26,000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Its calculated molecular weight from amino acid analysis was 29,800. Rabbit antisera prepared against the pig apolipoprotein formed precipitin lines of partial identity between this protein and apoLP-Gln-I from human HDL. Treatment of the pig apolipoprotein with carboxypeptidase established Leu-Gln as the COOH-terminal sequence. Pig and human apoLPGln-I had similar amino acid compositions, but the pig protein contained isoleucine and had 12 more residues of alanine than did human apoLP-Gln-I. Pig and human apoLP-Gln-I had indistinguishable absorption spectra and similar circular dichroism spectra indicating a relatively high content of α-helical conformation. Both proteins activated human lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase. These studies demonstrate that the major apolipoprotein from human and pig HDL have similar chemical, immunological, physical, and physiological properties.
MMSE parameter estimation of exponentially damped sinusoids

An efficient iterative MMSE algorithm that estimates the parameters of exponentially damped sinusoids embedded in white Gaussian noise is proposed.
Workplace Bullying: Developing a Human Rights Definition from the Perspective and Experiences of Targets

Workplace bullying is a severe and pervasive problem. Targets of workplace bullying suffer devastating effects both personally and professionally. Bullying violates the human rights of the targets of bullying. Despite the seriousness of this problem, the definition of and measurement of incidents of workplace bullying has lacked proper focus. One indicator of this is the difference in incident rates between the operational and self-report methods of workplace bullying. Questions surround elements of many of the definitions of workplace bullying including the requirement of repetitiveness, the requirement of intent, and the role of power. In this study, the researchers explore the stories of sixteen targets of workplace bullying in order to develop a better definition of workplace bullying and to begin to explore the reasons for the differences between self-report and operational incident rates of workplace bullying. The implications of this study suggest that many definitions of workplace bullying are indeed too narrow but that power differential is indeed a critical component of workplace bullying.
Some Effects of Private Contributions to International Security Programs

Effects of voluntary private contributions to international security programs may include shifts in the locus of decision-making from national governmental apparatuses, escape of member states from fiscal responsibility, reduced coercion of taxation, exacerbation of tensions over control, amelioration of conflict, less frequent and intense resort to violence and military spending, and modifications in societal development. Precise measures for these effects are unusually difficult to establish, and therefore, given the inevitable uncertainty, serious doubts arise as to the sufficiency of grounds for violating the basic value of free consumer choice which in a fundamental sense prohibition of individual contributions constitutes.
Communication Synchronization in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks for Cyber-Physical Systems

A reliable, scalable, and low-delay information collection network is an essential component in cyber-physical systems (CPS). Cluster-based sensor network is a good candidate because of its advantage in increasing scalability, improving energy efficiency, and providing QoS guarantees. However, in such networks, frequent interactions between the intra-cluster communication and the inter-cluster communication are inevitable, which may severely downgrade the communication efficiency and hence the network performance if not handled properly. Proper synchronization among these two types of communications is required. In this paper, we propose two approaches to schedule the communications in clustered wireless sensor networks aiming at delay-sensitive applications. In the first approach, an efficient cycle-based synchronous scheduling is proposed to achieve low average packet delay and high throughput by optimizing the cycle length and transmission order. In the second approach, a novel clustering structure is introduced to eliminate the necessity of communication synchronization so that packets are transmitted with no synchronization delay, yielding very low end-to-end packet delay. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of both the approaches. These two approaches are then integrated as a hybrid scheme that allows smooth switching between them. The hybrid scheme takes advantage of both the approaches and enables cluster-based sensor networks to serve as the fundamental network infrastructure for information collection in CPS.
1-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)imidazole

[49761-82-2] C8H12N2O2 (MW 168.20) InChI = 1S/C8H12N2O2/c1-8(2,3)12-7(11)10-5-4-9-6-10/h4-6H,1-3H3 InChIKey = MTBKGWHHOBJMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a reagent for the introduction of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group at nucleophilic sites1) Physical Data: mp 44.5–47 °C; bp 64 °C/1 mmHg. Solubility: sol CH2Cl2, CHCl3, THF, hexane, acetone, and DMF, among others. Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Preparative Method: 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)imidazole 1 can be prepared from the reaction of imidazole and 1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethyl-tert-butyl carbonate1a or the reaction of tert-butanol and N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole1b in high yield. The reagent has been reported to be stable at rt.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: anhydrous conditions are recommended.
Physiological amino acids of the nervous system of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

Abstract 1. 1. The physiological (free) amino acids of the adult stable fly brain and thoracic ganglion have been measured. Based upon dry weight, the ganglion contains about twice the amino acid as the brain. 2. 2. Together, proline plus alanine were the predominant compounds and represented 25 and 33% of the total free amino acids in brain and ganglion, respectively. Taurine, glutamic acid, aspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamine, arginine, histidine and serine each contributed more than 1% in both tissues. 3. 3. Urea, a nitrogenous waste product, accounted for about 20% of the compounds measured, indicating the presence of arginase in both tissues. 4. 4. Three non-protein amino acids, α-aminobutyric acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid and β-alanine were present in the ganglion. β-Alanine was also found in the brain.
The L1014F point mutation in the house fly Vssc1 sodium channel confers knockdown resistance to pyrethroids.

Abstract Voltage-sensitive sodium channels encoded by a full-length cDNA corresponding to the Vssc1 gene of the house fly (Musca domestica) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes either alone or in combination with the tipE gene product of Drosophila melanogaster and were characterized by two-electrode voltage clamp. Vssc1 cRNA alone produced very small (50–150 nA) sodium currents, whereas the combination of Vssc1 and tipE cRNAs produced robust (0.5–3 μA), rapidly inactivating sodium currents. The pyrethroid insecticide cismethrin prolonged the sodium current carried by Vssc1/tipE sodium channels during a depolarizing pulse and induced a tail current after repolarization. The Vssc1 cDNA was specifically mutated to substitute phenylalanine for leucine at position 1014 of the inferred amino acid sequence (L1014F), a polymorphism shown previously to be associated with the kdr (knockdown resistance) trait of the house fly. The L1014F substitution reduced the sensitivity of expressed house fly sodium channels to cismethrin at least 10-fold and increased the rate of decay of pyrethroid-induced sodium tail currents. These results demonstrate that the resistance-associated L1014F mutation confers a reduction in the sensitivity of house fly sodium channels to pyrethroids that is sufficient to account for the kdr resistance trait.
Processing and Development of a New High Strength Metal Foam

The research sited in this paper involves the development of new closed cell metal foam composite materials using powder metallurgy (PM) and gravity casting techniques. The foam is comprised of steel hollow spheres packed into a random dense arrangement, with the interstitial space between spheres occupied with a solid metal matrix. Using a casting technique, an aluminum alloy infiltrates the interstitial spaces between steel spheres. In a powder metallurgy method, steel spheres and iron powder are sintered to form a solid, closed cell structure. The measured densities of the Al-Fe composite foam and iron foam are 2.4 g/cm3 and 3.2 g/cm3, with relative densities of 42% and 41% respectively. The hollow sphere metal foam composite materials developed in this study displayed superior compressive strength as compared to hollow sphere foams currently being produced. The compressive strength of the cast Al-Fe foam averaged 67 MPa over a region of 10 to 50% strain, while the steel PM foam averaged 45 MPa over the same strain region. Densification began at approximately 50% for the cast foam and 55% for the PM foam.
Syntax Complexity and Presentation Order as Determinants of Comprehension in Print Advertisements

The current research investigates syntax complexity and presentation order as determinants in consumers’ comprehension of print advertisement. This research demonstrated that study participants comprehend an advertisement better when they read a complex advertisement first and a simple advertisement second, as compared with their comprehension when they read a simple advertisement first and a complex advertisement second. The study found that when participants are under a low-involvement condition, their comprehension level increased when they read a complex advertisement first followed by a simple advertisement second. However, when participants were under a high-involvement condition, their comprehension level remained the same regardless of the order of the advertisements they encountered.
Spectral Momentum Density of Amorphous Carbon from (e, 2e) Spectroscopy

The spectral momentum density of the valence band of an amorphous carbon film has been measured by ($e$, $2e$) spectroscopy. Two "bands," energy as a function of momentum, are resolved. One extends from 23 eV below the Fermi energy to about 10 eV below ${E}_{\mathrm{F}}$. The other, \ensuremath{\sim} 9 eV below ${E}_{\mathrm{F}}$, does not disperse significantly. Although the existence of diamond bonding in the film cannot be ruled out, the bands are more suggestive of the graphite band structure.
Induction of genetic instability by ionizing radiation

Abstract Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that radiation may induce a heritable, genome-wide process of instability that leads to an enhanced frequency of genetic changes occurring among the progeny of the original irradiated cell. This instability is transmissible over many generations of cell replication. Mutational instability is induced in a relatively large fraction (approximately 10 %) of the cell population, and may be modulated by factors acting in vivo. Thus, it cannot be a targeted event involving a specific gene or set of genes. There is no dose-response relationship in the range 2–12 Gy, suggesting that the instability phenotype may be induced by quite low radiation doses. The molecular mechanisms associated with the genesis of mutations in unstable populations differ from those for direct X-ray-induced mutations. These results suggest that it may not be possible to predict the nature of the dose-response relationship for the ultimate genetic effects of radiation based on a qualitative or quantitative analysis of the original DNA lesions. Paris.)
TRANSFER OF PERFORMANCE TO NEW COMPARISON CHOICES FOLLOWING DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOME MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE

Four experiments examined transfer of differential outcome performances to new choice responses in pigeons. Experiments 1A and 1B showed that new responses trained off a matching-to-sample baseline readily substituted for the choice alternatives in differential outcome matching, provided that they shared the same outcome associations as the alternatives they replaced. Experiment 2 showed that comparison responses trained on baseline, but in a task in which their different outcomes occurred equally often following each sample (viz., one-to-many matching), substituted for the choices in a standard, differential outcome task. Experiment 3 showed, somewhat surprisingly, that the choices in the latter task were likewise effective substitutes in one-to-many matching. These results pose separate challenges for standard two-process theory and for the bidirectional account of differential outcome performance, and they suggest other cues that pigeons may use to predict outcomes.
“It Was Basically College to Us”: Poverty, Prison, and Emerging Adulthood

With the tremendous rise in the United States' incarceration rates over the last four decades, historically high numbers of young African Americans are spending their “emerging adulthood” (as theorized by Arnett) in close contact with the penitentiary. In contrast to the exploration of future possibilities facilitated by academic, military, and professional institutions geared toward people in this life stage, imprisonment typically restricts one's social, occupational, and civic opportunities during and after confinement. In this article, I draw on in-depth interviews with young men who had recently exited state prison and their intimate partners to probe the meanings of incarceration for emerging adults in the neoliberal era. This investigation invokes Merton and Barber's concept of sociological ambivalence, Blankenship's discussion of sociological thriving, and Bourdieu's notion of amor fati to analyze the paradoxically positive accounts offered by young people when describing their early experiences w...
Disintegration of excised fish gills in low concentrations of sodium chloride.

SummaryExcised gills of goldfish cannot maintain a respiratory rate as high in 1 mM sodium chloride as gills in 125 mM sodium chloride at 37 °C even though the intact fish can live indefinitely in these solutions. Studies on the oxygen consumption of gill tissue supplemented with histological observations, indicate that the gill is protected not only by increasing the sodium chloride concentration to 125 millimolar, but by reducing the temperature to 30°C. However, the tissue is not significantly benefitted by the addition of either calcium or rutin to 1 mM sodium chloride.
Effects of Bailout Legislation: Implications from the Stock Market for Thrift Shareholders

The examination of the differential effects of bailout legislation on well‐capitalized versus under‐capitalized thrifts is the focus of this study. The study examines return responses for portfolios of thrift stocks, formed on the basis of capitalization, to news events concerning bailout funding leading up to and concluding with the President's signing of the Competitive Equality Banking Act of 1987 (CEBA). The results indicate thrifts react differently to legislative news events based on their capitalization levels. This is evidenced by 1) the presence of abnormal returns for portfolios of relatively well‐capitalized and relatively under‐capitalized thrifts, 2) the trends in the size of abnormal returns across well‐capitalized (under‐capitalized) portfolios as the average level of capitalization decreases (increases), and 3) the opposite signs of abnormal returns for relatively well‐capitalized versus relatively under‐capitalized portfolios.
Model Generation of Spurious Gravity Waves due to Inconsistency of the Vertical and Horizontal Resolution

Abstract The importance of the consistency between the vertical and horizontal resolution of numerical models has been suggested in recent studies. In this context, consistency means that the vertical scales that are physically related to the resolvable horizontal scales are also resolved. In this study, gravity waves produced in a hydrostatic primitive-equation numerical simulation of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) are shown to be produced by the inconsistency of the model resolution, where the physical relationship between the vertical and horizontal scales is determined by the slope of the narrow thermal structures (loosely termed “fronts”) produced by the CSI. The detailed examination of the spurious gravity waves in the numerical simulation and height perturbations in diagnostic experiments quantify the effects of this inconsistency in the resolution. It is shown that 1) spurious height perturbations of ∼1 m or less are produced, though these may be sufficient to cause significant gravity wa...
Nineteenth-century development experience and lessons for today

Abstract This article reviews the results of a major comparative quantitative study of 19th-century economic development and discusses their relevance to today's development policy. Applying classificatory measures of institutional and economic influences and a novel principal components technique, the study demonstrated that institutions were overwhelmingly important to both the pace and structure of economic development. But institutions interacted with economic influences very differently in countries at different levels of development and along diverse paths of economic growth. In spite of important differences in the international and technological contexts of growth between today and the 19th century, fundamental similarities remain. Now as then, government policies determine the nature of market systems, property rights, and the distribution of assets, and thus how far domestic economic growth spreads. But favorable impacts of government policies on the structure of economic growth can be expected only where political institutions limit elite control of assets, land institutions spread a surplus over subsistence widely, and domestic education and skills are well diffused.
Improved model for teaching interventional EUS.

Abstract Background: A swine model was previously developed for teaching endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The purpose of this study was to improve this model and develop a method for creating focal lesions for EUS imaging and intervention. Methods: Experiments were performed in farm pigs (Sus scrofa) under general anesthesia. Under real-time EUS guidance attempts were made to create a submucosal lesion and a focal mediastinal lesion, to perform EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of the pancreas, and to confirm the site of injection during "sham" EUS-guided celiac block. Results: A hypoechoic, submucosal mass was created in the stomach, which was then imaged by EUS and punctured trans-gastrically. Injection of saline solution in the mediastinum created a pseudo-mediastinal lymph node. A needle was then advanced trans-esophageally into the mediastinum to mimic EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of a mediastinal lymph node. Abdominal exploration of the pigs after euthanasia confirmed injection of the sham celiac block around the celiac ganglion. Conclusion: The swine model is not only useful for teaching normal EUS anatomy, but it may be a useful model for teaching EUS-guided intervention.
Survival probability in a random velocity field

The time dependence of the survival probability, S(t), is determined for diffusing particles in two dimensions which are also driven by a random unidirectional zero-mean velocity field, v_x(y). For a semi-infinite system with unbounded y and x>0, and with particle absorption at x=0, a qualitative argument is presented which indicates that S(t)~t^{-1/4}. This prediction is supported by numerical simulations. A heuristic argument is also given which suggests that the longitudinal probability distribution of the surviving particles has the scaling form P(x,t)~ t^{-1}u^{1/3}g(u). Here the scaling variable u is proportional to x/t^{3/4}, so that the overall time dependence of P(x,t) is proportional to t^{-5/4}, and the scaling function g(u) has the limiting dependences g(u) approaching a constant as u--->0 and g(u)~exp(-u^{4/3}) as u--->infinity. This argument also suggests an effective continuum equation of motion for the infinite system which reproduces the correct asymptotic longitudinal probability distribution.
Seismic Prospecting Technique for Coalbed Methane Accumulating Area

Abstract The laboratory data and simulation data all shows that the seismic response of outburst coal seam is very different from that of non-outburst coal seam. The velocity of outburst coal seam is about 1/3 of the normal coal seam, and the seismic data in outburst zone has the characteristics of longer arrival time, smaller amplitude, lower frequencies. Based on these facts, using impedance inversion, frequency spectrum decomposition and bury depth information of coal seam, this paper tried to predict the coalbed methane accumulation area in a certain coalmine, and the results were basically fit the actual data.
Internal-External Locus of Control: New Normative Data:

The present investigation supports Rotter's (1975) suggestion that scores on the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) are becoming more external. New normative data based on a sample of 298 students from the same population Rotter utilized are presented. Students are becoming more external, as indicated by scores on the I-E scale.
Quantum coherence: Just what is superconductivity?

Whether or not a superconductor is truly superconducting depends on its size and even its shape. In a geometry intermediate between one and two dimensions, it seems a thin film does not reach a state of zero resistance except at zero temperature.