cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh Wave Dispersion and Crustal Structure in the Eastern Pacific and Indian Oceans

Summary Rayleigh wave dispersion data are presented for a number of earthquakes having their epicentres in the Easter Island area and which were recorded at Pasadena, U. S. A. The dispersion data differ in a small but significant way from those obtained for Pacific Ocean basin paths. When the seismic refraction data of Raitt are used to compute theoretical Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, discrepancies with the observed Easter Island-Pasadena data are found which are resolved by the addition to the assumed theoretical model of a modified low velocity zone in the upper mantle. This modification consists of lowering the mean shear velocity in the upper mantle to 4.5 km/s. It is further demonstrated that it is possible to have a theoretical model compatible with the compressional velocities obtained by seismic refraction measurements and the dispersion data which does not require changing Poisson's ratio from the usual value and consequent reduction of the shear velocities in the upper mantle. This is accomplished by reducing the thickness of the layer with compressional velocity 8.2 km/s to the minimal thickness required to give a refraction arrival. The mean shear velocity of 4.5 km/s implies a “soft” upper mantle along the Easter Island to Pasadena path. Dispersion data also show that the mean thickness of unconsolidated sediments between Easter Island and Peru is 0.57 km. Rayleigh wave dispersion data are also presented for Indian Ocean shocks recorded at Wilkes Station, Antarctica. Within the limits of observational error, the Indian Ocean data are in agreement in the period range from 37 to 25 seconds with the theoretical model assumed for the Easter Island to Pasadena data.
Multiple Ulcerations of the Oral Mucosa and Lips

L A 60-year-old white man came to the dental clinic for evaluation of mul­ tiple ulcerations of the oral mucous membranes and lips. He had a 30-year history of cutaneous lichen planus, which was diagnosed while he was serving in the South Pacific during World War II. No particular problems resulted from the skin lesions, except that they were aggravated by lengthy exposure to the sun. The lesions would resolve without medication. The pa­ tient was not aware of any allergies and had been a heavy smoker for many years. In 1964, he had radiation therapy to the lower lip for squamous cell car­ cinoma. In 1966, a V-wedge and lip shave were performed to excise a re­ currence of the malignancy. At that time, the patient was also being treated for hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which was controlled without difficulty. The sores in the patient’s mouth began to appear approximately eight months before his visit to the Veterans Administration in January 1976, and the sores had become progressively worse. They were not acutely painful unless spicy, salty, or sour foods were eaten. The c lin ica l exam ination showed many irregularly shaped ul­ cers on the tongue, the largest measur­ ing 1.5 x 3 cm in greatest dimension (Fig 1-4). Hyperkeratotic areas sur­ rounded the ulcers and were seen in linear configuration. Many white, an­ nular lesions and areas that appeared to be healing ulcers were present bilat­ erally in the buccal mucosa. Lesions with a similar appearance were pre­ sent on the lips. Incisional biopsy specimens were taken from the right buccal mucosa and from the tongue. After a dermatology consultation, 4 mg of triamcinolone, to be taken three times a day, was prescribed for the pa­ tient; after three months, the dosage was reduced to 4 mg twice a day as a maintenance dose. The oral lesions were well controlled for a year, then a persistent lx2-cm ulcer appeared in the m idline of the dorsum of the tongue. This area was excised and the patient has remained asymptomatic for three years.
Physiological state of a microbial community in a biomass recycle reactor

The transition in physiological state was investigated between a carbon-limited chemostat population and microbes growing very slowly in a biomass recycle reactor. The mixed microbial population was metabolizing a mixture of biopolymers and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, formulated to represent the organic load in graywater. Biomass increased 30-fold during the first 14 days after a shift from chemostat to biomass recycle mode. The ratios of ATP and RNA to cell protein decreased over the first days but then remained constant. The specific rate of CO2 production by microbes in the reactor decreased 6-fold within 24 h after the shift, and respiratory potentials declined 2–3 fold during the first 7 days. Whereas chemostat cultures used equal proportions of organic carbon substrate for catabolism and anabolism, the proportion of organic substrate oxidized to CO2 rose from 62 to 82% over the first 8 days in a biomass recycle reactor, and eventually reached 100% as this reactor population exhibited no net growth. Biomass recycle populations removed from the system and subjected to a nutritional shift-up did not immediately initiate exponential growth. The physiological state of cells in the biomass recycle reactor may be distinct from those grown in batch or continuous culture, or from starved cells.
Prenatal care and delivery room staff attitudes toward research and the National Children's Study.

Objectives The cooperation of healthcare personnel is essential for implementing clinical research, yet little is known about the willingness of staff to facilitate research. This study assessed attitudes of prenatal clinic and delivery room (DR) staff toward facilitation of research, with a particular focus on the National Children’s Study (NCS). Methods Staff from seven sampled prenatal clinics (N = 82) and all three DRs in Kent County, MI (N = 169) completed anonymous surveys assessing willingness to recruit patients (clinic) or collect biological specimens (DR), desired incentives, and barriers to research in general and the NCS specifically. Results Clinic staff included 36 office workers, 29 nurses, 11 medical assistants and 6 physicians/physician assistants. DR staff included 127 nurses, 19 support staff, 11 physicians and 10 technicians. Clinic staff would hand out brochures (72%) and describe studies (65%), but only 44% wanted outside research staff to recruit patients. Non-White staff were 4.1 times more likely (95% CI. 1.2–14.1) to permit outside staff to recruit. DR staff would collect placentas (84%) and cord blood (77%), and preferred DR staff to perform the collections. In both settings, financial incentives were not required or were modest. Lack of time was the most reported research barrier, followed by patient flow and lack of space. A small fraction of healthcare workers reported refusal to facilitate research tasks. Conclusions Careful planning of research with all clinic and DR staff will be necessary for successful execution of the NCS or other large-scale clinical research studies.
Differentiation of Beats of Ventricular and Sinus Origin Using a Self‐Training Neural Network

Despite advances in the computerized detection of arrhythmias, arrhythmia recognition by morphological waveform analysis still poses a difficult problem. Artificial neural networks, computer algorithms that are self-trained by an analog of biological synaptic modification to perform pattern recognition, hold great promise for the differentiation of various cardiac rhythms. The goal of this study was to differentiate beats of sinus and ventricular origin on a global basis and on a patient-specific basis by the use of artificial neural network analysis. Neural networks were trained to recognize digitized intracardiac electrograms (9 patients) and surface electrocardiograms (11 patients) obtained during sinus rhythm and ventricular tachycardia. After training, sinus rhythm or ventricular tachycardia beats were input into the neural network, and classified as to their origin. By the use of modified receiver operating characteristic curve plots, it was possible to differentiate with high sensitivity and specificity between beats of sinus origin and ventricular origin in all patients. The addition of high amounts of noise to the beats did not markedly degrade the performance of the surface ECG neural networks, and still allowed high sensitivity in differentiating beats of sinus origin from beats of ventricular origin, especially when noise was added to the training set. Neural networks provided sensitive and specific detection of cardiac electrical activity during sinus rhythm and ventricular tachycardia, and may play an important role in allowing development of improved arrhythmia recognition and management systems.
Interstitial Viral Pneumonitis Complicated by Severe Respiratory Failure: Successful Management Using Intensive Dehydration and Steroids

Viral pneumonia, frequently mild and requiring only supportive care, when diffuse and fulminating, can be a life-threatening illness. Acute respiratory failure, with ever-worsening hypoxemia can be very resistant to conventional intensive respiratory management This presentation recounts two cases of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis with severe respiratory failure. Because excessive lung water was thought to be an important pathophysiologic factor, these patients were treated with a program of intensive dehydration, and dramatically responded in a favorable manner. Such therapy has been used in other varieties (post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency or shock-lung) of the adult respiratory distress syndrome but has not been reported in this circumstance. Details of management and the rationale thereof are presented.
Partial difference equation based model reference control of a multiagent network of underactuated aquatic vehicles with strongly nonlinear dynamics

Abstract In a recent work, the authors presented an extension of robust model reference adaptive control (MRAC) laws for spatially varying partial differential equations (PDEs) proposed by them earlier for the decentralized adaptive control of heterogeneous multiagent networks with agent parameter uncertainty using the partial difference equations (PdEs) on graphs framework. The examples provided demonstrated the capabilities of this approach under the assumption that individual vehicles executing coordinated maneuvers were fully actuated and characterized by linear dynamics. However, detailed models for autonomous vehicles–whether terrestrial, aerial, or aquatic–are often underactuated and strongly nonlinear. Using this approach, but assuming the plant parameters to be known, this work presents the model reference (MR) control laws without adaptation for the coordination of underactuated aquatic vehicles modeled individually in terms of strongly nonlinear dynamic equations arising from ideal planar hydrodynamics. The case of unknown plant parameters for this class of underactuated agents with complex dynamics is an open problem. The paper is based on an invited talk on adaptive control presented at the 2008 World Congress of Nonlinear Analysts.
DBMAKER: A set of programs to generate three-dimensional databases based upon user-specified criteria

DBMAKER is a program that, in conjunction with CONCORD, generates three-dimensional structural databases. Numerous user-defined parameters monitor content, composition, size and connectivity information, but allow the program to generate random compounds within the scope of these constraints. SMILES string representations are generated, and conversion to 3D is performed by CONCORD. This assures high-quality 3D structures and portability to numerous proprietary storage formats. Methods are described to maintain compound registration, allowing database expansion as required without duplication.
Rare-Earth-Iron Exchange Interaction in the Garnets. I. Hamiltonian for Anisotropic Exchange Interaction

The salient feature of the splittings of the crystalline levels of a rare-earth ion in the iron garnets is the difference of their anisotropy from that of the $g$ tensor for the Zeeman effect. This additional anisotropy arises from the dependence of the rare-earth-iron (RE-Fe) exchange interaction on the orbital state of the rare earth. On the assumption that the spin dependence of the RE-Fe exchange interaction is reasonably well described by the Dirac-Van Vleck effective spin Hamiltonian, we find that the Hamiltonian for this interaction is ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{ex}}=\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{2l+1}{r=1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{}{m{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{r}(m, {m}^{\ensuremath{'}}){{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{J}}_{m}}^{[r]}(\mathrm{RE}){{S}_{{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}}}^{[1]}(\mathrm{Fe}),$ where the sum is over odd $r$ and ${{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{J}}_{m}}^{[r]}$ (RE) are the components of either the spin or the total angular momentum of the rare-earth ion, and S (Fe) is the spin of the iron sublattice. The constants ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{r}$ are different for each rare-earth element; however, they do contain a set of constants, the exchange-potential parameters ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{kq}}$ (of which there are at most ten), which characterize the RE-Fe exchange interaction for all rare-earth elements ($4{f}^{n}$) in the iron garnets. The relationship of these parameters to the exchange splittings of a Kramers' doublet is established, from which an empirical determination of the parameters will be possible when sufficient data are available. The determination of the parameters for specific models will be presented in a subsequent article.
Hydrolyzed casein and whey protein meals comparably stimulate net whole-body protein synthesis in COPD patients with nutritional depletion without an additional effect of leucine co-ingestion.

Summary Background & aims Muscle wasting commonly occurs in COPD, negatively affecting outcome. The aim was to examine the net whole-body protein synthesis response to two milk protein meals with comparable absorption rates (hydrolyzed casein (hCAS) vs. hydrolyzed whey (hWHEY)) and the effects of co-ingesting leucine. Methods Twelve COPD patients (GOLD stage II–IV) with nutritional depletion, were studied following intake of a 15 g hCAS or hWHEY protein meal with or without leucine-co-ingestion, according to a double-blind randomized cross-over design. The isotopic tracers L-[ring- 2 H 5 ]-Phenylalanine, L-[ring- 2 H 2 ]-Tyrosine, L-[ 2 H 3 ]-3-Methylhistidine (given via continuous intravenous infusion), and L-[ 15 N]-Phenylalanine (added to the protein meals) were used to measure endogenous whole-body protein breakdown (WbPB), whole-body protein synthesis (WbPS), net protein synthesis (NetPS), splanchnic extraction and myofibrillar protein breakdown (MPB). Analyses were done in arterialized-venous plasma by LC/MS/MS. Results WbPS was greater after intake of the hCAS protein meal ( P P Conclusions Hydrolyzed casein and whey protein meals comparably and efficiently stimulate whole-body protein anabolism in COPD patients with nutritional depletion without an additional effect of leucine co-ingestion. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01154400.
Vinblastine-induced disruption of microtubules in cockroach hemocytes

Intrahemocoelic injections of vinblastine (10(-3), 10(-4)M) resulted in the disappearance of microtubule marginal bundles in the hemocytes of Periplaneta americana L. concomitant with a change in lenticular cell shape as determined by electron microscopy. In contrast to control cells, which in section were elliptical in shape with smooth edges, treated cells displayed large vacuoles apparently resulting from folds in the cytoplasm and an irregular shape. Vinblastine concentrations lethal to insects (25micro1/insect, 10(-3)M) resulted in marginal bundle loss, and the formation of cytoplasmic linear material with associated ribosomes, although microtubule crystals were not found.
High-Order Taylor-Galerkin Methods for Linear Hyperbolic Systems

A new family of high-order Taylor-Galerkin schemes is presented for the analysis of first-order linear hyperbolic systems. The schemes are unconditionally stable which makes them very attractive to use in conjunction with adaptive hp-finite element methods for spatial approximation.
Comparing Public Administration and Policy Analysis Approaches to Public Service Education

We systematically explore differences between the policy analysis and public administration/management approaches to public service education. From the literature, we identify four aspects of public service education that may differ between public administration/management and policy analysis: the students who enter each kind of program, the norms students gain through professional socialization in each approach, the career paths followed by graduates of each kind of program, and program graduates career satisfaction. We develop several hypotheses about differences in applicant pools, student socialization, and the careers of graduates of public administration and policy analysis programs. Finally, we discuss the importance of testing these hypotheses: why alternative findings might be expected and implications of tests of these hypotheses for public service education.
Who Stays, Who Leaves?: Attrition Among First-Term Enlistees

Typically, 30 percent of an enlisting cohort leave before completing the first term, and attrition rates remain near this level even though over 90 percent of recent cohorts are high school graduat...
Relative Status of Wife Givers and Wife Takers in Gilyak Society

It has been by and large accepted that among the Gilyaks of the Amur region and the island of Sakhalin, who practice a very precisely defined form of prescriptive matrilateral cross cousin marriage, wife takers possess superior status vis-a-vis the wife givers, an apparent exception to the postulate that the giver has a hold over the taker. In this paper it is shown that the patrilineal Gilyak accord superior status to wife givers and not to wife takers. An analysis of a tale supporting this thesis is offered. It is shown that matrilateral cross cousin prescriptive alliance per se does not create status differentiation, but such factors as primacy of residence and form of land tenure play much more decisive roles in the emergence of classstratification.
Impact of a social skills intervention on the hostile attributions of children with prenatal alcohol exposure.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been linked to a wide array of developmental deficits, including significant impairments in social skills. Given the extensive body of evidence linking social information-processing patterns with social behavior, it is possible that social information-processing may represent one mechanism of behavioral change. The present investigation sought to answer the question of whether a well-established social skills intervention decreased the hostile attributions of children with PAE. Further, was there a differential impact of the intervention on hostile attributions in the context of peer provocation versus group entry scenarios? Methods: Participants consisted of 100 children (51% male) with PAE between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Participants were randomly assigned to either a social skills intervention, Children’s Friendship Training (CFT), or to a Delayed Treatment Control (DTC) condition. Results: Analyses indicated that the social skills intervention resulted in a significantly lower proportion of hostile attributions in peer group entry, but not peer provocation, scenarios. This decrease was maintained over a 3-month follow-up period. Conclusions: Deficits in social information-processing among individuals with PAE can be improved through social skills intervention, and these changes may lead to more positive developmental outcomes.
Long-term vegetation monitoring with NDVI in a diverse semi-arid setting, central New Mexico, USA

Time-series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are shown to capture essential features of seasonal and inter-annual vegetation variability at six nearby yet distinct vegetation communities in semi-arid New Mexico, USA NDVI values tend to follow a uniform order across communities, related directly to local vegetation. All communities exhibit a bimodal growing season on average, with peaks in springtime and summer. NDVI fluctuations are more spatially uniform in spring than in summer. NDVI variability corresponds to precipitation variability from the North American monsoon and El Nino-Southern Oscillation, and shows agreement with regional ground measurements.
1117 Post Blood or Marrow Transplant Complications in a Cohort of Children with Relapsed/Refractory A.L.L. or A.M.L: A Single Institution Study

Background and aims: This study examines the types of post blood or marrow transplant complications in patients treated at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh in a five year period (2004-2009). The study will focus on complications diagnosed in the 0-100 day time span while children are frequently hospitalized and will compare type and rate of complications between children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelongenous leukemia. Methods: The author will examine patient records and interview treatment teams and patient family on the severity and length of complications. The author has developed separate forms for these sets. Results: Initial results show that patients with A.M.L who received greater transplant conditioning had more severe complications particularly graft versus host disease. The study will continue tol examine each variable such as age, remission status and overall health status pre transplant in order to best assess the final data. Conclusions: Blood and marrow transplants although life saving remain extremely toxic and post-transplant complications are common. The development of a less toxic “mini transplant” at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh addresses these issues however further studies such as those conducted by the Children's Oncology Group are needed to fine tune risk factors prior transplant and assess the greater susceptibility of some patients to complications.
Localization of two noise sources overlapping in time.

The accuracy of localization of two independent, wide-band noise sources, overlapping in time, was measured. Subjects given preliminary practice had little difficulty in localizing when sources sep...
Effects of cochlear ablation on choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat cochlear nucleus and superior olive

Using microdissection and quantitative microassay, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was mapped in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and in the source nuclei of the olivocochlear bundle, the lateral superior olive and ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body. In control rats, gradients of ChAT activity were found within the major subdivisions of the CN and in the lateral superior olive. These gradients correlated with the known tonotopic organizations, with higher activities corresponding to locations representing higher sound frequencies. No gradient was found in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body. In rats surviving 7 days or 1 or 2 months after cochlear ablation, ChAT activity was increased 1 month after ablation in the anteroventral CN by 30-50% in most parts of the lesion-side and by 40% in the contralateral ventromedial part. ChAT activity in the lesion-side posteroventral CN was increased by approximately 40-50% at all survival times. Little change was found in the dorsal CN. Decreases of ChAT activity were also found ipsilaterally in the lateral superior olive and bilaterally in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body. Our results suggest that cholinergic neurons are involved in plasticity within the CN and superior olive following cochlear lesions.
Shaping the intestinal brush border

Epithelial cells from diverse tissues, including the enterocytes that line the intestinal tract, remodel their apical surface during differentiation to form a brush border: an array of actin-supported membrane protrusions known as microvilli that increases the functional capacity of the tissue. Although our understanding of how epithelial cells assemble, stabilize, and organize apical microvilli is still developing, investigations of the biochemical and physical underpinnings of these processes suggest that cells coordinate cytoskeletal remodeling, membrane-cytoskeleton cross-linking, and extracellular adhesion to shape the apical brush border domain.
Diffusion effects in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide by rat liver peroxisomes.

Rat liver peroxisomes are membrane-bounded organelles containing catalase and oxidases producing H2O2. Diffusion effects in the metabolism of H2O2 and the physiological significance of the structure of peroxisomes are explored on the basis of two models. Model I considers the liver cell as consisting of two rapidly mixed compartments, the peroxisomal contents and the rest of the cell, separated by a membrane. On the basis of model I, it is concluded that in order to maintain a minimal H2O2 concentration in the cytoplasm, there must be an H2O2 destroying system in the cytoplasm, but the capacity of this system need be only a small fraction of that of the catalase in the peroxisomes. Model II takes account of the detailed morphology of peroxisomes and includes the effect of peroxisomal membrane permeability to H2O2 and H2O2 diffusion inside and outside the peroxisomes. On the basis of previously published experimental data and model II, it is concluded that the latency of catalase activity in intact peroxisomes is due chiefly to a permeability barrier to H2O2 at the peroxisomal membrane rather than to a restriction of H2O2 diffusion within the peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are calculated to be very efficient at destroying the H2O2 produced within them, whether the H2O2 is produced in the catalase-free core or in the catalase-containing matrix. Less than 2% of the H2O2 produced in peroxisomes leaves the particles. The efficiency of H2O2 trapping is the consequence of the membrane permeability barrier. A similar H2O2 trapping efficiency could be achieved by particles without a membrane barrier only if H2O2 diffusion within such particles were reduced by many orders of magnitude.
Patients who leave without being seen: their characteristics and history of emergency department use.

Study objective We identify patient characteristics associated with uncompleted visits to the emergency department (ED). Methods We used registration and billing data to conduct a pair-matched case-control study. ED patients who left without being seen (cases) between July 1 and December 31, 2004, were matched to patients who stayed and were treated (N=1,476 pairs) according to registration date and time (±2 hours) and triage level (controls). The association between sociodemographic characteristics, previous ED utilization, and proximity to the ED and the risk of an uncompleted visit was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) using conditional logistic regression. Results During the 6-month study period, the overall left-without-being-seen rate was 6.4%. Seventeen percent of cases compared with 5% of controls had at least 1 previous uncompleted visit during the previous year. After adjusting for all patient characteristics, younger age, being uninsured (adjusted OR=1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35 to 2.21) or covered by Medicaid (adjusted OR=1.67; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.20), and a previous uncompleted visit (adjusted OR=3.60; 95% CI 2.67 to 4.85) were significantly associated with the risk of an uncompleted visit. Conclusion Previous ED utilization is predictive of future ED utilization. EDs should make every effort to keep their left-without-being-seen rates to a minimum because patients who are the least likely to receive care elsewhere (ie, those uninsured or covered by Medicaid) are more likely to leave without being seen.
Unemployment Insurance Costs: Issues and Dilemmas

This article focuses on a set of issues concerning unemployment insurance costs. The effect on unemployment insurance costs of variables under the control of the state legislature, such as the maximum benefit amount paid per week to unemployed workers, is analysed, as are the problems of abusing the system through “lay‐off” management and the topic of underemployment. The main policy thrust of the article is to argue that there are likely to be important trade‐offs between liberal benefit policies which typically increase business costs, and long‐term employment opportunities. Therefore, liberal policies towards the unemployed need to be offset by other business cost reductions in order to allow individual states to remain desirable locations for new business capacity. The legislature′s role in this process is argued to be of crucial importance.
In Vivo Adenoviral Delivery of Recombinant Human Protein Kinase C-ζ Stimulates Glucose Transport Activity in Rat Skeletal Muscle *

An in vivo adenoviral gene delivery system was utilized to assess the effect of overexpressing protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ on rat skeletal muscle glucose transport activity. Female lean Zucker rats were injected with adenoviral/human PKC-ζ (hPKC-ζ) and adenoviral/LacZ in opposing tibialis anterior muscles. One week subsequent to adenoviral/gene delivery rats were subjected to hind limb perfusion. The hPKC-ζ protein was expressed at the same level (fast-twitch white) or at ∼80% of the level (fast-twitch red) of endogenous PKC-ζ, thus approximately doubling the amount of PKC-ζ in tibialis anterior. Basal glucose transport activity was elevated ∼3.4- and 2-fold, respectively, in fast-twitch white and red hPKC-ζ muscle relative to control. Submaximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity, corrected for basal transport, was ∼90 and 40% over control values, respectively, in fast-twitch white and red hPKC-ζ muscle. The enhancement of glucose transport activity in muscle expressing hPKC-ζ occurred in the absence of any change in GLUT1 or GLUT4 protein levels, suggesting a redistribution of existing transporters to the cell surface. These results demonstrate that an adenoviral vector can be used to deliver expressible hPKC-ζ to adult rat skeletal muscle in vivo and also affirm a role for PKC-ζ in the regulation of glucose transport activity.
Remember the human element in IT project management

The human element is one of the most important but frequently overlooked aspects of managing IT projects. IT managers too frequently view themselves as only technical managers, forgetting that human nature enters into technical situations. Various issues in leadership theory apply to managing IT professionals. I discuss various types of management styles, but the theme that always prevails is that no matter what type of style or combination of styles you choose, set reasonable expectations and strive to keep team members involved.
Chicago's North Michigan Avenue: Planning and Development, 1900-1930

Since its opening in the 1920s, Chicago's North Michigan Avenue has been one of the city's most prestigious commerical corridors, lined by some of its most architecturally distinctive business, residential, and hotel buildings. Planned by Daniel Burnham in 1909, the avenue became the principal connecting link between downtown and the wealthy, residential "Gold Coast" north of the Loop. Some thirty buildings were constructed along its path in the ten-year period before the Depression, an urban expansion comparable in significance to that of Pennsylvania and Park Avenues. John W. Stamper traces the complex development of North Michigan Avenue from the 1880s to the 1920s building boom that solidified its character and economic base, describing the initiation of the planning process by private interests to its execution aided by the city's powerful condemnation and taxation proceedings. He focuses on individual buildings constructed on the avenue, including the Renaissance- and Gothic-inspired Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower, and Drake Hotel, and places them within the context of factors governing their construction property ownership, financing, zoning laws, design theory, and advertising. Stamper compares this stylistically diverse mixture of low- and high-rise structures with earlier, rejected planning proposals, all of which had prescribed a uniformly designed, European-like avenue of continuous cornice heights, consistent facade widths, and complementary stylistic features. He analyzes the drastically different character the avenue took by 1930, with high-rise towers reaching thirty stories and beyond, in terms of the clash among economic, political, and architectural interests. His argument that the discrepancies between the rejected plans and reality illustrate the developers' choice of economic return on their investment over aesthetic community is extended through to the present avenue and the virtual disregard of the urban qualities proposed at its inception. Generously illustrated, with an epilogue condensing the avenue's history between the end of World War II and the present, this is an exhaustive account of an important topic in the history of modern architecture and city planning."
Cystic Fibrosis: therapies targeting specific gene defects

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by a large number of mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to specific classes of protein defects. This review discusses these classes, an understanding of which has paved the way for novel treatment strategies. The progress in this field, through from basic research to, in one case, application for license, is described.
Effects of D2O on parthenogenetic activation and cleavage in the sea urchin egg

When unfertilized sea urchin eggs are treated with D2O-sea water, fertilization membranes are raised, cytasters appear in the cytoplasm and cleavages occur. Such observations are in agreement with those reported by Gross and his collaborators. However, D2O-treated eggs can develop at least to the gastrula stage under appropriate conditions, in contradiction to descriptions by Grosset al. This is the case in eggs of three species of Japanese sea urchins used here. The double treatment with D2O is more effective in inducing parthenogenetic development than the single treatment and, further, double treatments, such as the combinations of D2O and hypertonic sea water or butyric acid and D2O, also, can effectively induce the development. In addition, centrifugally enucleated egg-halves can be activated and developed to a blastulalike stage by the double treatment with D2O.
Experimental studies of the vapor phase nucleation of refractory compounds. II. The condensation of an amorphous magnesium silicate

Measurements of the critical partial pressure of SiO, Pc, required for the initiation of avalanche nucleation, as a function of ambient temperature in the system Mg–SiO–H2 have been obtained over the temperature range 750<T<1015 K. These are compared to similar measurements of Pc for the SiO–H2 system. It is found that the presence of magnesium lowers the partial pressure of SiO required to initiate avalanche nucleation in the Mg–SiO–H2 system for T≲925 K, but does not effect the onset of condensation at the higher temperatures.
AN EVALUATION OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR THE BIOASSAY OF DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL

POTENT EXTRACTS of the parathyroid glands have been available for the treatment of clinical tetany for a number of years (1). Such extracts are usually standard- iz;ed on the basis of their ability to elevate the serum calcium of normal dogs1 (2). The maximal rise occurs from 9 to 18 hours after medication, usually nearer the latter. Various activated sterols are also known to possess the power of elevating serum calcium. Among these are vitamins D2 (crystalline calciferol) and D 3 (activated crystal-line 7-dehydrocholesterol) and dihydrotachysterol,2 designated in the literature as ‟A.T.10" (anti-tetanic preparation No. 10) (3,4). The last named, although relatively devoid of antirachitic activity3 is an effective hypercalcemic agent. An excellent re-view covering its discovery, and its chemical and physiological properties has been contributed by Holts (5). Its use as a therapeutic agent was first reported in 1933 (6).
Development of a Measure of Asthma-Specific Quality of Life Among Adults

Purpose A key goal in asthma treatment is improvement in quality of life (QoL), but existing measures often confound QoL with symptoms and functional impairment. The current study addresses these limitations and the need for valid patient-reported outcome measures by using state-of-the-art methods to develop an item bank assessing QoL in adults with asthma. This article describes the process for developing an initial item pool for field testing.
Violence As Sign In The Fourth Gospel

The Gospel of John twins the history of Jesus' body with the history of the temple. On John's telling, intersections of those two violent histories are multiple. In the fourth Gospel, the violence directed against Jesus' body that unfolds in the passion narrative is catalyzed (on a narrative level) by Jesus' own physically enacted violence at the temple site. Jesus' action at the temple, his use of a whip to drive out his fellow Jews, is a form of symbolic communication. Jesus' appearance in the temple, whip in hand, functions as a violent epiphany, a moment of self-revelation akin to his self-revelation at Cana. Recognition of the temple incident as sign forces us to consider what, precisely, Jesus reveals about himself when he picks up a whip to clear men and goods from the space he calls his Father's house. As Roger Friedland and Richard D. Hecht argue, "Violence is a form of communication…. Symbolic violence, profanation, is used by members of one community… in order to mobilize their own communities, to make their definition of reality the dominant one…. By profaning the other's sacred place you make the other profane, an alien with no claim to possession of that space." By encoding violence as sign the Gospel of John not only records the history of violence but becomes an episode in that history.
Simultaneous separation and confirmation of amphetamine and related drugs in equine plasma by non-aqueous capillary-electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry.

A non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (NACE-MS) method was developed for simultaneous separation and identification of 12 amphetamine and related compounds in equine plasma. Analytes were recovered from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). A bare fused-silica capillary was used for separation of the analytes. Addition of sheath liquid to the capillary effluent allowed the detection of the analytes by positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using full scan data acquisition. The limit of detection (LOD) for the target analytes was 10–200 ng/mL and that of confirmation (LOC) was 50–1000 ng/mL in equine plasma. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) parameters were optimized for full CE separation and MS detection of the analytes. Separation buffer comprised 25 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile/methanol (20: 80, v/v) plus 1 M formic acid. Sheath liquid was isopropanol-water-formic acid (50:50:0.5, v/v/v). Samples were hydrodynamically injected and separated at 25 kV. Analytes were electrokinectically separated and mass spectrometrically identified and confirmed. This simple, fast, inexpensive and reproducible method was successfully applied to post race equine plasma and research samples in screening for amphetamine and related drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of near-optimum use of hospital diagnostic resources using the "GENES" genetic algorithm shell.

Abstract “GENES”, a genetic algorithm shell developed by the authors, was used to optimize allocation of hospital resources for a small set of hypothetical patients. GENES creates a random population of rule sets of the IF.. THEN type, which are variable in both the number of rules in each set and in the size of each rule. GENES applies each rule set to a patient data base, ranks the goodness of each set as applied, and uses the mechanisms of population genetics, i.e. mutation, crossover, inversion and survival of the fittest, to create a new, and often improved generation of rule sets. It also allows for the time dependent nature of medical tests, the possibility of injury associated with those tests, and the fact that results may not always be conclusive. Using 10–11 artificially created patients admitted under the diagnosis of possible gall bladder disease, a rule set was obtained which selected a testing strategy from a list of available hospital resources and correctly diagnosed all patients at minimum cost in no more than 3807 generations.
Oxidative DNA damage and cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Reactive oxygen species can directly cause covalent modifications to DNA. Alternatively, they can initiate the formation of lipid hydroperoxides, which undergo homolytic decomposition to the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde genotoxins, 4-oxo-2-nonenal, 4,5-epoxy-2( E )-decenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal through two quite separate pathways. One pathway involves a complex rearrangement of the alkoxy radical derived from the lipid hydroperoxide. The other pathway involves the intermediate formation of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal. Lipid hydroperoxides can also be derived from the action of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases on polyunsaturated fatty acids. 4,5-Epoxy-2( E )-decenal forms etheno-2′-deoxyadenosine adduct with DNA, a mutagenic lesion observed in human tissue DNA samples. Several new ethano- and etheno-DNA adducts have been identified from the reaction of 4-oxo-2-nonenal with DNA. Malondialdehyde, another genotoxic bifunctional electrophile, forms a propano adduct with 2′-deoxyguanosine (M 1 G-dR) rather than an etheno adduct. Very little is known about the consequences of lipid hydroperoxide-mediated DNA damage in cardiovascular diseases. This should prove to be an important area for future research.
Editorial: Reflection on JM3 over the Last Three Years

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: Reflection on JM3 over the Last Three Years” for JM3 Vol. 4 Issue 02
Influence of microbial environment on development of myeloid leukemia in X‐irradiated rfm mice

The incidence of radiation-induced myeloid leukemia, to which conventionally reared RF mice are unusually susceptible, has been observed to vary among colonies of RFM mice maintained in different microbial environments. The incidence in germ-free RFM males exposed to 300 R of X-irradiation at 5 to 6 weeks of age was only 1%, whereas that in their conventionally reared counterparts was 13%. In similarly irradiated RFM males subjected to microbial shock by transfer from an environment containing a limited number of bacteria to a conventional microbial environment, the incidence was 20%. The results suggest that the incidence of myeloid leukemia varies inversely in relation to the bacterial “cleanliness” of the environment, possibly as a result of associated variations in granulocytopoiesis.
The effect of a magnetic field upon directional solidification of Sn-Cd and Sn-Pb alloys

Eutectic alloys of Sn-Cd and Sn-Pb were solidified vertically under a transverse magnetic field of 23000 Oe. Analysis of the data indicated that the magnetic field had no effect upon the lamellar spacing of the eutectic or the orientation of the lamellae relative to the magnetic field. This result indicates that the effect of the magnetic field upon the liquid diffusion coefficient is too small in these systems to allow control of lamellar spacing by means of an applied magnetic field.
CO observations of ultrasoft active galactic nuclei

We have observed a sample of four ultrasoft X-ray-emitting AGN in the emission line of CO (J = 1-0) using the NRAO 12-m telescope. The sample includes AGN that have a strong component of hard X-ray emission and AGN that lack a detectable hard X-ray component. We have detected CO emission from one AGN (E1227.0 + 1403, z = 0.10) and set upper limits on the CO emission from the remainder. This detection is at a fairly substantial redshift for AGN CO detections. Based on further X-ray and optical data, we propose that the CO-emitting gas in this galaxy is in a toroidal configuration, surrounding a coaligned accretion disc at the centre of the AGN
The kinetics of some gas phase reactions of chlorine monofluoride and chlorine trifluoride

Abstract Information concerning the rates of four gas phase reactions involving chlorine monofluoride and chlorine trifluoride have been obtained. (I) It is found that radioactive chlorine does not exchange at a measurable rate between Cl2 and ClF3 in the liquid phase at −80°C or in the gas phase up to 165°C. (II) The reaction of Cl2 with ClF3 to form ClF appears to be essentially homogeneous in the gas phase and proceeds at a conveniently measurable rate in the temperature range 180–250°C. It follows a second-order rate expression within experimental error with activation energy 20·18 kcal mole−1 and activation entropy −12·3 e.u. A rate determining step involving a bimolecular collision leading to a molecular complex accounts satisfactorily for the data. (III) The exchange of radioactive chlorine between ClF3 and tagged ClF has been followed in the temperature range 203–245°C. The exchange appears to be homogeneous with rate proportional to the product of the square roots of the reactant concentrations and activation energy 15·9 ± 1·0 kcal/mole. No simple mechanism was found consistent with our data. (IV) The rate of exchange of radioactive chlorine between Cl2 and ClF was found, in a preliminary investigation, to be 50 per cent complete in less than an hour at room temperature.
Radiant heat transfer between simply arranged surfaces with direction dependent properties

Radiant heat transfer predictions between isothermal plates based on diffuse plus specular directional property model
Sterol metabolism. XVI. Cholesterol 20α-hydroperoxide as an intermediate in pregnenolone biosynthesis from cholesterol

Abstract Incubation of adrenal cortex mitochondrial enzymes with cholesterol 20α-hydroperoxide, 20α, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol, 20α-hydroxycholesterol, or pregnenolone prior to incubation with cholesterol-1, 2- 3 H inhibits incorporation of tritium into pregnenolone and other steroids. By means of added carrier sterols it was demonstrated that both cholesterol 20α-hydroperoxide and 20α, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol contained radioactivity after incubation. The combination of reaction inhibition and of incorporation of tritium into cholesterol 20α-hydroperoxide and 20α, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol suggest that both be important intermediates in the biosynthesis of pregnenolone from cholesterol.
More Than One Gap: Dropout Rate Gaps Between and Among Black, Hispanic, and White Students:

This study is the second in a series of investigations designed to explore issues surrounding the achievement gap, or, as concluded in our prior work, achievement gaps. The first study (Carpenter, Ramirez, & Severn, 2006) used data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS: 88) to examine nuances of academic achievement gaps among Black, White, and Hispanic students, with a particular focus on not only gaps between groups but also within groups. Findings from the analysis showed unique patterns and multiple achievement gaps, both between and within groups. In fact, results indicated within-group gaps were often more significant than gaps between groups. This research extends that effort by examining variables associated with dropout behavior as a measure of achievement gaps. As in the first study, comparisons were made among Black, White, and Hispanic students, paying particular attention to gaps in dropout rates both between and within groups. The research progressed in two phases. Phase I used the same variables from the prior investigation to determine if the patterns among independent variables would prove consistent with a different dependent variable (dropout status rather than academic achievement on tests). Phase II added another index of variables more conceptually aligned with dropout behavior. Results from Phase I showed little consistency with findings from our first investigation and the resulting logistic hierarchi