cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Phonon diodes” and reciprocity in reflection and transmission

Recent years have seen increased interest in acoustic “diodes” or “rectifiers”. Surprisingly, many of the proposed designs of these devices are based on passive linear structures without magnetic fields that ought to be perfectly reciprocal. Furthermore, it has been suggested that ballistic phonon transport through such structures can yield “thermal diodes”. In this didactical presentation, acoustic “diodes” will be discussed in the broader context of reciprocity in reflection/transmission (R-T) of waves. We will review a theorem known in optoelectronics but under-appreciated in acoustics and phonon physics, stating that the matrix of R-T coefficients for properly normalized amplitudes is symmetric for linear systems that conform to power conservation and time reversibility for wave fields. The power of this theorem is in that it is valid for waves of any nature and not limited to systems described by a particular set of equations, be it acoustics or electromagnetism. We will show how this theorem applies to various wave phenomena, including inter-conversion of electromagnetic and acoustic waves in piezoelectric structures, and discuss a conjecture that R-T reciprocity is preserved in the presence of linear dissipation. We will see that linear structures hitherto proposed for acoustic “diodes” in fact do obey R-T reciprocity, and thus do not yield true isolators. In order to create a linear isolator one needs to break the time-reversal symmetry either by using a magnetic field or by actively modulating the parameters of the device. In acoustics, both paths can be pursued but neither has been explored so far. We will also review studies of nonlinear acoustic “diodes” and conclude that those, likewise, failed so far to demonstrate an acoustic isolator. Finally, we will consider the relationship between acoustic isolators and “thermal diodes”, and show that ballistic phonon transport through a linear structure, whether an acoustic isolator or not, is unlikely to form the basis for a thermal diode. This contribution was supported as part of the S3TEC Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001299.
On the Existence of the Absolutely Continuous Component for the Measure Associated¶with Some Orthogonal Systems

In this article, we consider two orthogonal systems: Sturm–Liouville operators and Krein systems. For Krein systems, we study the behavior of generalized polynomials at the infinity for spectral parameters in the upper half-plain. That makes it possible to establish the presence of absolutely continuous component of the associated measure. For Sturm–Liouville operator on the half-line with bounded potential q, we prove that essential support of absolutely continuous component of the spectral measure is [m,∞) if and q ′∈L 2(R +). That holds for all boundary conditions at zero. This result partially solves one open problem stated recently by S. Molchanov, M. Novitskii, and B. Vainberg. We consider also some other classes of potentials.
Improving the efficiency and convergence of geometry optimization with the polarizable continuum model: New energy gradients and molecular surface tessellation

New equations are derived and implemented for efficient and accurate computation of solvation energy derivatives for the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (C-PCM) and the isotropic integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model (IEF-PCM). Two new molecular surface tessellation procedures GEPOL-RT and GE-POL-AS that generate near continuous potential energy surfaces are proposed for PCM geometry optimization. The combined use of these new techniques leads to efficient and convergent geometry optimizations with the PCMs.
Pion charge exchange on tritium

Measurements of the differential cross section for pion charge exchange on /sup 3/H have been carried out at incident pion momenta of 232 and 252 MeV/c. The results are compared with several theoretical predictions and also with charge-independence bounds determined from elastic-scattering cross sections obtained in the same experiment.
Trade-Offs Between Commuting Time and Health-Related Activities

To further understand documented associations between obesity and urban sprawl, this research describes individuals’ trade-offs between health-related activities and commuting time. A cross-section of 24,861 working-age individuals employed full-time and residing in urban counties is constructed from the American Time Use Survey (2003–2010). Data are analyzed using seemingly unrelated regressions to quantify health-related activity decreases in response to additional time spent commuting. Outcomes are total daily minutes spent in physical activity at a moderate or greater intensity, preparing food, eating meals with family, and sleeping. Commuting time is measured as all travel time between home and work and vice versa. The mean commuting time is 62 min daily, the median is 55 min, and 10.1% of workers commute 120 min or more. Spending an additional 60 min daily commuting above average is associated with a 6% decrease in aggregate health-related activities and spending an additional 120 min is associated with a 12% decrease. The greatest percentage of commuting time comes from sleeping time reductions (28–35%). Additionally, larger proportions of commuting time are taken from physical activity and food preparation relative to the mean commuting length: of 60 min spent commuting, 16.1% is taken from physical activity and 4.1% is taken from food preparation; of 120 min commuting, 20.3% is taken from physical activity and 5.6% is taken from food preparation. The results indicate that longer commutes are associated with behavioral patterns which over time may contribute to obesity and other poor health outcomes. These findings will assist both urban planners and researchers wishing to understand time constraints’ impacts on health.
Solving Linear Systems Embedded in Interior Point Methods

Many interior point methods for convex programming solve an (n+m)×(n+m) linear system in each iteration.In this paper,two iterative methods for solving linear systems are combined together and embeded into interier point methods.Based on that,a hybrid algorithm for solving convex programming problems is proposed.
An interpretation of the Yakhot–Orszag turbulence theory

Yakhot and Orszag have recently developed a theory of turbulence [J. Sci. Comput. 1, 3 (1986)] based on dynamic renormalization‐group (RNG) techniques. They predict parameters of the Kolmogorov inertial range and then successfully use eddy‐viscosity formulas from the inertial‐range theory in computations of shear flows. In the present paper a critical analysis of the Yakhot–Orszag theory is offered based on comparison with a simple perturbative model. The latter appears to parallel much of the physical and operational content of the lowest order of the Yakhot–Orszag theory, without using RNG methods. The essence is as follows: (1) the dynamics of modes in the inertial and dissipation ranges are assumed to be dominated by interactions more‐or‐less local in wavenumber that are modeled by a white‐noise force acting against an effective viscosity; and (2) the effective viscosity is estimated by extrapolation from the small contributions of interactions very nonlocal in wavenumber (distant interactions). In common with the Yakhot–Orszag theory, the only explicit contacts with the Navier–Stokes equation are overall energy conservation by nonlinear terms and the interaction coefficients of highly nonlocal wave vector triads.
An achievable rate region for imperfectly-known two-way relay fading channels

In this paper, achievable rates and resource allocation strategies for imperfectly known two-way relay fading channels are studied. Decode-and-forward (DF) relaying is considered. It is assumed that communication starts with the network training phase in which the users and the relay estimate the fading coefficients, albeit imperfectly. Subsequently, data transmission is performed in multiple-access and broadcast phases. In both phases, achievable rate regions are identified by treating the terms that arise due to channel estimation errors and imperfect interference cancellation as Gaussian distributed noise components. The achievable rate region of the two-way relay channel is given by the intersection of the achievable rate regions of multiple-access and broadcast phases. The impact of several training and transmission parameters (such as training power levels, time/bandwidth allocated to the multiple access and broadcast phases, and relay power allocation parameter) on the achievable rate regions and sum rates is investigated.
Wire planning with bounded over-the-block wires

The hierarchical approach greatly facilitates large-scale chip design by hiding distracting details in low-level objects. However, the low-level designs have to have a global view of high-level object connections so that some resources can be allocated in advance, and this makes wire planning an important issue in physical design. In this paper, we present two exact polynomial-time algorithms for wire planning with bounded over-the-block wires. The constraints on over-the-block wires help the longest over-the-block wires within a block to satisfy signal integrity without buffer inserted. Both algorithms guarantee to find an optimal routing solution for a two-pin net as long as one exists. One requires less memory, while the other may take less running time when processing a large number of nets. According to different application requirements, users can choose an appropriate one.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICRO-SCALE DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETER FOR SINGLE CELL MEASUREMENTS

Cryopreservation is an effective way to store biological materials for an extended period of time. The process of freezing biological materials is rather traumatic, however, due to the water phase change that takes place. Successful cooling procedures have been developed for a limited number of cell types primarily through a large amount of experimentation. Fundamental cryobiological studies of cellular heat and mass transfer are currently under way in an attempt to develop an accurate model that will reduce the need for many costly experiments. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a tool that will allow more accurate measurements of the phase change temperature for a single cell (~100 µm diameter) as it freezes. The resulting data will be used to improve the fundamental cryopreservation model. A proof-of-concept micro-scale DSC (µDSC) is designed and built using 250 µm X 250 µm X 500 µm thermoelectric elements. The elements are connected electrically in series to one another with metal electrodes that double as the sample and reference pans. The advantage of this configuration is that Peltier heating and cooling of the sample each have the same time constant, in contrast with macro-scale DSC machines. Thermocouples with 25 µm beads are attached to the pans providing the local temperature of the sample used for feedback control. The feedback temperature is used as the control signal for the power supply which supplies electric current to the thermoelectric structure described above. Initial experiments on the prototype µDSC indicate that the phase change of a single swine oocyte with a diameter of about 100 µm can be detected.
On the birational p-adic section conjecture

In this manuscript we introduce/prove a Z/p meta-abelian form of the birational p-adic Section Conjecture for curves. This is a much stronger result than the usual p-adic birational Section Conjecture for curves, and makes an effective p-adic Section Conjecture for curves quite plausible.
Asthma genetics 2003

The use of positional cloning for the identification of complex trait susceptibility genes has gained momentum with the completion of the human genome project. The approach involves the collection of well-phenotyped cohorts (either family-based or case-control designs), the generation of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism linkage disequilibrium maps, and the application of powerful statistical methods to localize narrow regions of genetic association with disease. In 2003, two novel genes relating to asthma were identified using this approach, PHF11 and DPP10, neither of which had previously been implicated in the pathobiology of either asthma or allergy. In addition, further support for ADAM33 (the first asthma susceptibility gene identified by positional cloning) as an asthma gene was presented, although with mixed results. These discoveries open new avenues for research in asthma and allergy, and highlight the power (and limitations) of positional cloning for the identification of asthma genes, and complex trait genes in general.
Optimization of Feedback Pacing for Defibrillation

A mathematical model of multisite feedback pacing for defibrillation is optimized for electrode spacing and stimulus period. For four electrodes, the defibrillation success rate is highest at 88% when the electrodes are spaced as far apart as possible. For a single electrode, the optimum success rate was 26%.
Mechanism of dexamphetamine‐induced mydriasis in the anaesthetized rat

1. The effect of intravenous administration of dexamphetamine [+)-Amp) on rat pupil diameter was investigated. In all experiments, the vagosympathetic trunks were sectioned bilaterally at the cervical level. 2. In rats anaesthetized with urethane, (+)-Amp (0.1-0.3 mg kg-1, i.v.) produced a dose-related increase in pupil size. The mydriatic effects of (+)-Amp were evident immediately after administration. 3. Pretreatment with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine (1.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) or idazoxan (0.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) blocked the pupillary response to (+)-Amp. Yohimbine caused about a 30 fold shift to the right in the dose-response curve whereas idazoxan almost completely abolished the mydriatic response to (+)-Amp. 4. In contrast, pretreatment with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (2 mg kg-1, i.v.), failed to alter significantly the pupillary response to (+)-Amp. 5. Depletion of central nervous system (CNS) monoamines with reserpine (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (2 x 300 mg kg-1, i.p.) prevented the pupillary response to (+)-Amp. 6. The mydriatic effect of (+)-Amp was present only in preparations that had intact parasympathetic neural tone to the iris. Central preganglionic denervation of the oculomotor nerve abolished the mydriatic response of (+)-Amp. 7. These results indicate the (+)-Amp acts in the CNS to produce mydriasis in the anaesthetized rat by stimulating CNS postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors, findings that are consistent with the hypothesis that (+)-Amp acts predominantly as an indirect sympathomimetic agent to release endogenous stores of a monoaminergic neurotransmitter (perhaps noradrenaline).
Ulrich Herbert, Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany Under the Third Reich. Translated by William Templer. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997 [1985]. xi + 510 pp. $79.95 cloth.

However depressing its subject matter, the translation of Ulrich Herbert's exhaustive study on the more than 7.6 million foreigners who were forced into slave labor in Nazi Germany during World War Two is to be warmly welcomed. It is a model study because of its broad archival research base as well as its findings. When the German original appeared in 1985, it helped to redefine the agenda for the study of the Third Reich, and since then a new generation of historians has come along to work on questions that Herbert and others had begun to lay out.
Improved safety and efficacy in adaptive control of arterial blood pressure through the use of a supervisor

A dual approach to adaptive control of arterial blood pressure using sodium nitroprusside is presented. In the clinical environment, a controller must be aggressive to achieve specific step response characteristics (less than 10 min setting time, less than 10 mm Hg overshoot), yet conservative enough to prevent overreactions to large disturbances, which are common in both the operating room and the intensive care unit. These mutually exclusive requirements make it difficult to design a closed-loop controller for this environment. To prevent possible overreactions while maintaining proper step response, an aggressive adaptive controller has been designed to achieve the desired step response, and a supervisor has been designed around the adaptive controller to limit potential overreactions in the presence of disturbances. Simulations and dog experiments demonstrate the potential for increased safety and efficacy using this dual approach to the control of a complex physiological system. >
Molecular Refinement of the 1p36 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Size Diversity and a Preponderance of Maternally Derived Deletions

The deletion of chromosome 1p36 is a newly recognized, relatively common contiguous gene deletion syndrome with a variable phenotype. The clinical features have recently been delineated and molecular analysis indicates that the prevalence of certain phenotypic features appears to correlate with deletion size. Phenotype/genotype comparisons have allowed the assignment of certain clinical features to specific deletion intervals, significantly narrowing the regions within which to search for candidate genes. We have extensively characterized the deletion regions in 30 cases using microsatellite markers and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. The map order of 28 microsatellite markers spanning the deletion region was obtained by a combination of genotypic analysis and physical mapping. The deletion region was divided into six intervals and breakpoints were found to cluster in mainly two regions. Molecular analysis of the deletions showed that two patients had complex re-arrangements; these cases shared their distal and proximal breakpoints in the two common breakpoint regions. Of the de novo deletions ( n = 28) in whichparental samples were available and the analysis was informative ( n = 27), there were significantly morematernally derived deletions ( n = 21) than paternally derived deletions ( n = 6) (chi1(2) = 8.35, P < 0.0001). Phenotype/genotype correlations and refinements of critical regions in our naturally occurring deletion panel have delineated specific areas in which to focus the search for the causative genes for the features of this syndrome.
Universities and the redevelopment politics of the neoliberal city

This paper concentrates on universities as important actants in the neoliberal city, specifically through their engagement of development activities. The paper visualises universities as an entrepreneurial subject: a neoliberal institution which adopts the responsibility to redevelop. Towards that end, the paper situates the redevelopment activities of universities and their politics in the context of the neoliberal city. It subsequently identifies the causal structures that underpin the growth logic of universities, which form the condition for their engagement in redevelopment as entrepreneurial subjects. The paper argues that the pressures coming out of the accumulation process act as an impetus for universities to expand, for instance, to accommodate the increasing student enrolments that generate revenues for them. Given their size, specialised infrastructure and the localised logic of bringing students to campus, expansion often means expansion in situ. This puts the spotlight on universities’ polit...
Amplification of Nonlinearity in Multiple Gate Transistor Millimeter Wave Mixer for Improvement of Linearity and Noise Figure

Current amplification of nonlinearity in a multiple gate transistor cell is proposed to simultaneously improve the linearity and noise performance of amplifier and mixer, and demonstrated in a mixer fabricated with 45 nm SOI CMOS. The mixer achieves output third order intercept point $({\rm OIP}_{3})$ of 21.4 dBm, power gain of 3.4 dB, and single side band noise figure (NF) of 9.5 dB at radio frequency of 31 GHz. The ${\rm OIP}_{3}$ is $\sim$ 5 dB higher and NF is $\sim$ 4 dB lower than the best for CMOS millimeter wave mixers.
Early pulmonary embolism after injury: a different clinical entity?

Abstract Background We sought to characterize pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring early after injury. We hypothesized that early PE may represent a different clinical entity than those occurring later in the post-injury period. Methods All trauma patients diagnosed with PE from 2005 to 2010 were examined. PEs diagnosed within 72 h of admission were compared against those occurring later. Results 19 out of 54 PEs were diagnosed early. Early PE patients had a higher rate of lower extremity fractures, a lower mean injury severity score, and a lower average length of stay. Early PE patients had a shorter average time to start of chemical prophylaxis, were less likely to have had a femoral line, and less likely to have operative intervention under general anaesthesia. Conclusions Early PE after trauma may occur with different underlying pathophysiology than previously thought. Further study is indicated as this has implications concerning the prevention of PE in trauma patients.
The effects of disorientation on visual landmark control of head direction cell orientation

Head direction (HD) and place cells were recorded in rats that had previously exhibited significant acquisition deficits on a radial arm maze task following disorientation treatment. In this study we determined whether this behavioral impairment was associated with a lack of landmark stimulus control over the preferred orientations of HD and place cells. Neurons were recorded as animals retrieved food pellets in a cylindrical apparatus containing a single cue card. Some of these HD cells were also recorded while animals explored an eight-arm radial maze in a similar cue-controlled environment. The stimulus control of the landmarks in each environment was assessed by rotating the landmark and examining the subsequent preferred orientations of HD and place cells. Animals underwent disorientation treatment before and after each recording session. Despite this disorientation, rotation of the cue card in the cylindrical apparatus resulted in a corresponding shift in the preferred orientations of HD and place cells in 13 of 15 and 7 of 7 recording sessions, respectively. On the radial arm maze, rotation of the landmark cue was associated with a corresponding shift in the HD cell's preferred orientation in 7 of 9 sessions. These results suggest that a visual landmark's stimulus control may not require a learned association between that landmark and an animal's stable experience in an environment. Furthermore, instability in the HD cell system is unlikely to account for the impaired performance of the disoriented animals in the radial arm maze. Rather, these impairments may be due to the animal's inability to utilize stable representations of the environment provided by HD and place cells.
Situating Teachers’ Instructional Practices in the Institutional Setting of the School and District

In this article, we describe an analytic approach for situating teachers’ instructional practices within the institutional settings of the schools and school districts in which they work. In doing so, we draw on an ongoing collaboration with a group of teachers in an urban school district to illustrate both the approach and its usefulness in guiding the development of analyses that feedback to inform such collaborations. The approach involves delineating communities of practice within a school or district and analyzing three types of interconnections between them that are based on boundary encounters, brokers, and boundary objects.
Visualizing coherent light with an electromagnetic wave simulator

Computer modeling of electromagnetic waves provides numerical data that can be used for dynamic visualization of electromagnetic phenomena via the computer screen. The Electromagnetic Wave Simulator is a commercial software package which uses the transmission line matrix method to represent electromagnetic fields. This software can be applied effectively in teaching and understanding optics where phenomena such as reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, interference between two coherent beams, and the confinement of light in a waveguide can be demonstrated through computer-generated display of the electromagnetic wave. A student may make simple changes to the program, such as the value of the refractive index at an interface, and "see", i.e. visualize the effect on the light propagation. The computer animation which the authors have produced is illustrated here with selected frames together with a description of the optical behavior being simulated.
New Appraisal of Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Stroke Prevention

Atrial fibrillation (AF) quintuples the risk of stroke, and patients with stroke and AF are the most likely to be left dead or permanently disabled.1–4 More than 5 million people in the United States and >8 million people in the European Union were estimated to have AF in 2010.5–7 The lifetime risk of AF is high, with a quarter of 40-year-old patients expected to develop AF during the course of their lifetime.8 Because of aging populations, the prevalence of AF in the United Sates is expected to exceed 12 million by 2030, whereas in the European Union estimates 17.9 million cases by 2060.6,7 The risk of stroke can be stratified by various scores, including CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus [1 point], and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack [TIA; 2 points]) and the CHA2DS2-VASc score (congestive heart failure/left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension [1 point], age ≥75 years [2 points], diabetes mellitus [1 point], previous stroke or TIA [2 points], vascular disease, age 65–75 years, and female sex [1 point]).9,10 Multiple trials have demonstrated the efficacy of anticoagulation in reducing the risk of stroke by 65% to 80% in patients with clinically detected AF and other risk factors.10–13 AF burden can be defined as the time spent in AF per unit of time (day, week, month, etc). It is noteworthy that the burden of AF is not part of any risk stratification scoring system. In fact, current practice views AF as a dichotomous variable; one that is either present—whether paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent—or absent. Implicit in this perspective is an assumption that the burden AF is not relevant to stroke risk. This assumption is based on …
Animal Fat Composition and Modification

This chapter discusses the classification of lipids, with detailed information concerning fatty acids, their structures, and nomenclature, found in meat animals. A short discussion is presented regarding the analytical procedures that are presently utilized for fatty acid analysis of various meat animal tissues. Advanced technology has helped the analytical analysis immensely. Detailed information is presented regarding differences in fatty acid composition by species (ruminants versus nonruminants), breeds, sex, diets, and environmental factors. Furthermore, a comparison of milk and butter fatty acid composition is discussed; however, 90% of the milk consumed is produced by cattle with the remaining predominantly produced by other ruminants species (goats, sheep, buffalo). Detailed information is provided regarding procedures that may be incorporated to change the fatty acid composition of meat animal lipid depots, ranging from 10% to 40%. Some discussion is provided with regard to the health benefits that may occur from changing the composition of lipids in meat animals.
Regional distribution and dynamics of coarse woody debris in Midwestern old-growth forests

Old-growth forests have been noted for containing significant quantities of deadwood. However, there has been no coordinated effort to quantify the deadwood component of old-growth remnants across large regions of temperate deciduous forest. We present results of a regional inventorythatquantifies and examines regional and temporal trends fordeadwood in upland old-growth forest remnants within Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa. From 1992 to 1994, down wood 2 10 cm in diameter and standing trees 2 10 cm dbh were inventoried on 328 one-tenth ha plots at 12 sites. The mean ratio among the sites by diameter class of the number of standing dead to standing live trees (dead/live ratio) ranged from 0.08 to 0.11 and was consistent fortrees 565 cm in diameter. The dead/ live tree ratio was generally greater for old-growth than for mature second-growth forests (70 to 90 yr old). Mean volume of standing dead trees across all old-growth sites was 21.4 m3/ha and down wood was 60.4 m3/ha. However, both standing and down wood volume (total deadwood) increased along a regional gradient of increasing productivity from southwest Missouri to northeast Indiana and also increased with increasing age of dominant and codominant trees. Old-growth forests on high productivity sites averaged more pieces/ha of down wood in all diameter classes and higher volume/ ha of down wood in nearly all diameter classes than did old-growth forests on low productivity sites. A chronosequence of forests from 10 yr to more than 200 yr since stand establishment indicated a sharply declining down wood volume from age 10 to 70 yr followed by increasing volume between 80
Coronary artery disease in renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is a major cause of death in transplant recipients. PURPOSE To review current approaches for the detection, evaluation, and treatment of coronary artery disease in transplant recipients. SUMMARY Renal transplantation promotes the development of coronary artery disease primarily because immunosuppressant medications accentuate known coronary risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia that accelerate the progression of coronary artery disease existing before transplantation. Physicians can monitor a patient9s risk status by regular inquiries for symptoms and by simple clinical tools such as the Framingham Study Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Chart in asymptomatic patients. Patients found to be at high risk for coronary artery disease can then undergo dobutamine echocardiography or other noninvasive tests, and patients with positive studies can subsequently undergo angiography. The cost-effectiveness of such an approach is presented. In recent studies at our institution, patients with coronary artery disease had decreased numbers of CD2+ and CD3+ circulating lymphocytes. In addition, in immunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronary artery disease, there was a decrease in CD8+ lymphocytes, whereas in nonimmunosuppressed, nontransplant patients there was a decrease in CD4+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS A systematic approach to screening patients for coronary artery disease before transplantation can identify those at highest risk and potentially save money and lives. Possible new avenues of research may focus on the role of the lymphocytes in coronary atherosclerosis.
ANALYSIS ON THICKENING PROPERTY OF N-ETHYL-(α-CYCLOHEXANOME) ACRYLAMIDE COPYLYMER

A bydrophoic monomer N-ehyl-(α-cyclohexanone)acrylanide (NECHAM) and its copolymer wity acrylanide (PNECHAM-AM)have been prepared. The copolymerization conditins in water solution have been determined. The viscosities of this copolymer solution were measured separately in ion exchange water, standard salt water and oil-water mixture. Results has shown that the viscosities of the coplymer have increased obviously. Apreliminary theory analysos was present in this paper.
Video-based convolutional neural networks for activity recognition from robot-centric videos

In this evaluation paper, we discuss convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approaches for human activity recognition. In particular, we investigate CNN architectures designed to capture temporal information in videos and their applications to the human activity recognition problem. There have been multiple previous works to use CNN-features for videos. These include CNNs using 3-D XYT convolutional ﬁlters, CNNs using pooling operations on top of per-frame image-based CNN descriptors, and recurrent neural networks to learn temporal changes in per-frame CNN descriptors. We experimentally compare some of these diﬀerent representatives CNNs while using ﬁrst-person human activity videos. We especially focus on videos from a robots viewpoint, captured during its operations and human-robot interactions.
Use of Coagulum for Displaced Ureteral Calculi

At the time of distal ureterolithotomy the urologic surgeon is faced occasionally with the complication of a displaced ureteral calculus that has migrated proximally through a dilated ureter. We report such a case and offer an alternative method of injection and extraction of a cryoprecipitate coagulum through the ureterotomy. This technique may eliminate the need for an additional incision or a possible second operative procedure.
Parity-time symmetry for cloaking and negative refraction

We show that parity-time symmetry offers unique opportunities for achieving exciting phenomena, such as cloaking and negative refraction. By coating an object with a parity-time symmetric metasurface, i.e., a metasurface with appropriately balanced loss and gain, it is possible to achieve complete scattering cancellation for waves propagating along a particular direction. Similarly, bringing two metasurfaces with equal amounts of loss and gain close to each other allows obtaining negative refraction. Here we present the necessary conditions for achieving these functionalities and discuss the physical mechanisms involved. Furthermore, we study the dynamic response of such systems, and explore the relation between stability, bandwidth and object size.
H. K. Bell, ‘Charlotte Brontë’s Husband. His Later Life and Surroundings’ (1855–1906), in Cornhill Magazine, New Series, vol. lxii, January 1927, pp. 42–6

with the publication of another Bronte book there may be some interest attached to the surroundings in which Arthur Bell Nicholls, Charlotte Bronte’s husband, spent his later life. My memories of him begin and end with the time when he lived at the Hill House, Banagher, with his second wife and his mother-in-law, Mrs Bell, widow of the Rev. Dr Bell, Headmaster of the Royal School.
Abstract B022: Intratumoral CD40 activation and checkpoint blockade induces systemic anti-melanoma immunity that eradicates disseminated tumors

Although surgical resection is a reliable treatment for localized melanoma, treatment options for metastatic melanoma are limited. Melanoma Brain metastasis (MBM) is a major clinical problem in patients with advanced melanoma, and the incidence of brain metastasis is increasing every year. Thus, there is a significant unmet need for effective therapies for metastatic melanoma and MBM patients. Agonistic CD40 antibodies generate strong tumor specific CD8 T cell response and anti-tumor activity; however systemic anti-CD40 therapy has been associated with cytokine release syndrome and liver toxicity. We studied the anti-melanoma activity and mechanism of action of a non-replicating adenovirus encoding a CD40-targeting chimeric immunostimulatory protein (ISF35) by local intratumoral delivery approach to treat local and distant melanoma. Mice bearing established B16 melanomas on both right and left flanks or on right flank and in brain were treated intratumorally with ISF35 or rAd.empty to the right flank tumor and received anti-PD1 plus anti-CTLA-4 systemically. Anti-tumor effects of mono or combination therapies were determined by mice survival and tumor growth measurement. The mechanistic contribution of immune cells to this therapy was determined by using antibody blockades. Immune cell infiltrates in tumor and expression of activation markers on these cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Intratumoral administration of ISF35 generates systemic anti-tumor immunity mediates by CD8 T cells and suppress both injected and distant uninjected wild-type B16.F10 melanomas. However, tumors did not completely regress after therapy. When combined with checkpoint inhibitors, ISF35 generates synergistic systemic anti-melanoma immunity that eradicates both injected and uninjected distant subcutaneous melanoma and uninjected brain melanoma with 40% of mice cured. The systemic anti-tumor activity of ISF35/anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 was associated with greater production of melanoma-specific CD8 T cells with an activated phenotype. Immunotherapy based on intratumoral CD40 activation is potentiated by PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade and this combination generates functional and long-lasting anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity that systemically suppresses melanoma metastases. This approach will be a better option for treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma that does not respond to checkpoint blockage monotherapy. Citation Format: Manisha Singh, Christina Vianden, Adi Diab, Patrick Hwu, Willem W. Overwijk. Intratumoral CD40 activation and checkpoint blockade induces systemic anti-melanoma immunity that eradicates disseminated tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B022.
Understanding and addressing contraceptive stockouts to increase family planning access and uptake in Senegal

Senegal’s government has pledged to reduce contraceptive stockouts, which have been frequent in public sector health facilities. An innovative distribution system called the Informed Push Model (IPM) addresses supply chain obstacles through direct regional-to-facility delivery of contraceptives and use of private sector logistics operators. Following promising pilot results, Senegal’s Ministry of Health and Social Action committed to a three-year (2013–2016) expansion of IPM to all public health facilities nationwide. From August 2014–July 2016, IPM’s six logisticians made 29,319 visits to restock public sector health facilities. During these regular facility visits, the logisticians conducted a physical inventory to flag contraceptive stockouts (no usable stock of any single method available) and asked facility staff to identify the primary reason for documented stockouts. Our descriptive study examines stockout trends over the course of IPM scale-up. We also describe trends in contraceptive consumption over the three-year period using facility-level data collected by the logisticians. Contraceptive consumption rose by 91% over 35 months in the first three IPM regions, and by 118% in the next five regions (over 26 months). After scale-up to 1,394 health facilities, nationwide consumption rose by 48% over one year. On average, logisticians documented stockouts at fewer than 2% of facility visits. In comparison, two pre-IPM studies in 2011 identified stockouts of selected modern contraceptives at 60–70% of facilities visited, with 84% of clients reporting stockouts in the past year. Six factors (including consumption spikes, IPM-preventable causes, and community outreach) explained most remaining stockouts. IPM has been highly successful in ensuring full availability of contraceptives across regions and health facilities. The model also has facilitated the flow of essential data on consumption and stockouts from facilities up to district, regional, and central-level managers. These achievements highlight the relevance of professionalizing supply chain management while continuing to mitigate stockouts through enhanced stakeholder communication and improved training, coaching, and supervision of third-party logistics operators. Supply reliability is critical in shaping demand for and regular use of contraception. The government is transitioning the IPM to full management by the National Supply Pharmacy.
Dynamic temperature estimation of power electronics systems

This paper proposes a method for accurate temperature estimation of thermally-aware power electronics systems. The duality between electrical systems and thermal systems was considered for thermal modeling. High dimensional thermal models present a challenge for online estimation. The complexity of the thermal network was reduced by applying a structure-preserving model order reduction technique. An optimal number of temperature sensors that increases the observability of the system was used in a Kalman filter to accurately estimate the dynamic spatial thermal behavior of the system.
Catherization was not required after first MI in patients without angina or < 2 mm of ST depression on exercise testing

Source Citation Cross SJ, Lee HS, Kenmure A, Walton S, Jennings K. First myocardial infarction in patients under 60 years old: the role of exercise tests and symptoms in deciding whom to catheteris...
Revisiting the Abdominal Donor Site: Introducing a Novel Nomenclature for Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

Background As abdominally based free flaps for breast reconstruction continue to evolve, significant effort has been invested in minimizing donor-site morbidity. The impact on the donor site remains a prevailing principle for breast reconstruction, and thus must be adequately reflected when classifying what is left behind following flap harvest. Although successful in describing the type of flap harvested, the existing nomenclature falls short of incorporating certain critical variables, such as degree of muscular preservation, fascial involvement, mesh implantation, and segmental nerve anatomy. Methods In an effort to expand on Nahabedian's 2002 classification system, this descriptive study revisits and critically reviews the existing donor-site classification system following abdominally based breast reconstruction. Results The authors propose a nomenclature system that emphasizes variability in flap harvest technique, degree of muscular violation, fascial resection, mesh implantation, and degree of nerve transection. Conclusion With this revised classification system, reconstructive surgeons can begin reporting more clinically relevant and accurate information with regard to donor-site morbidity.
Matrix Norm Estimation from a Few Entries

Singular values of a data in a matrix form provide insights on the structure of the data, the effective dimensionality, and the choice of hyper-parameters on higher-level data analysis tools. However, in many practical applications such as collaborative filtering and network analysis, we only get a partial observation. Under such scenarios, we consider the fundamental problem of recovering various spectral properties of the underlying matrix from a sampling of its entries. We propose a framework of first estimating the Schatten $k$-norms of a matrix for several values of $k$, and using these as surrogates for estimating spectral properties of interest, such as the spectrum itself or the rank. This paper focuses on the technical challenges in accurately estimating the Schatten norms from a sampling of a matrix. We introduce a novel unbiased estimator based on counting small structures in a graph and provide guarantees that match its empirical performances. Our theoretical analysis shows that Schatten norms can be recovered accurately from strictly smaller number of samples compared to what is needed to recover the underlying low-rank matrix. Numerical experiments suggest that we significantly improve upon a competing approach of using matrix completion methods.
Treatment of Blepharospasm/Hemifacial Spasm

The treatment of both hemifacial spasm (HFS) and blepharospasm (BEB) requires making the appropriate clinical diagnosis. Advance imaging and electrophysiologic studies are useful; however, one’s clinical suspicion is paramount. The purpose of this review is to summarize current and emerging therapies for both entities. Botulinum toxin (BTX) remains the first-line therapy to treat both conditions. If chemodenervation has failed, surgery may be considered. Due to the risks associated with surgery, the benefits of this option must be carefully weighed. Better surgical outcomes are possible when procedures are performed at tertiary centers with experienced surgeons and advanced imaging techniques. Microvascular decompression is an efficacious method to treat HFS, and myectomy is an option for medication-refractory BEB; the risks of the latter may outweigh any meaningful clinical benefits. Oral agents only provide short-term relief and can cause several unwanted effects; they are reserved for patients who cannot receive BTX and/or surgery. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has gained some traction in the treatment of BEB and may provide safer non-invasive options for refractory patients in the future.
Long-Term Follow-up of Gliomas Treated with Fractionated Stereotactic Irradiation

Eighteen patients have been treated for gliomas with fractionated stereotactic linear accelerator (LINAC) irradiation. A plastic halo ring secured with skull pins allows daily attachment of the patient to the stereotactic frame mounted on the linear accelerator. The patients received 9–31 fractions of 1.8–3 Gy/fraction over periods of 20–49 days. Total doses delivered stereotactically where 16–60 Gy (90% isodose) delivered to 3–7 cm diameter tumors. The six patients with glioblastoma had a median survival of 16 months (range 7–60 months). The two patients with anaplastic astrocytoma survived 7 and 78 months. Most of the patients with high grade tumors also received other adjuant treatments. Of the ten patients with low grade gliomas, one expired 66 months after treatment, and the remainder are alive 22–82 months after treatment. One pediatric patient displayed evidence of focal radiation injury with visual loss. No patient developed initial recurrence of tumor outside the focally irradiated field. Stereotactic localization of irradiation protects surrounding brain tissue; fractionation improves the therapeutic ratio.
Occupants Behavior-Based Design Study Using BIM-GIS Integration: An Alternative Design Approach for Architects

Occupant behavior is considered as one of the important factors that can influence the energy consumption of a building, therefore knowing occupant behavior as supporting data can help architects to design more resilient, and sustainable architecture. Employing this data in the design and construction can help with creating more efficient buildings. Simulation can help us to experiment and understand the behavior of the system using these data by creating logical, justifiable, and valid models. Recently, occupancy behavior data has been used in different simulation tools. However, most of the research focusing on indoor navigation does not consider Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its properties while making the occupancy behavior simulation. When it comes to the energy performance of the building, building model should be taken into account as it would help the design team to with a better understanding of the project. In this paper, we used a BIM-GIS platform, to demonstrate how the occupant tracking and behavior pattern extracted from a simulation model using stochastic data can be used as a facilitating information for the design process.
Cyclic Peptidomimetics as Inhibitor for miR-155 Biogenesis.

miR-155 plays key promoting roles in several cancers and emerges as an important anti-cancer therapeutic target. However, the discovery of small molecules that target RNAs is challenging. Peptidomimetics have been shown to be a rich source for discovering novel ligands to regulate cellular proteins. However, the potential of using peptidomimetics for RNA targeting is relatively unexplored. To this end, we designed and synthesized members of a novel 320,000 compound macrocyclic peptidomimetic library. An affinity-based screening protocol led to the identification of a pre-miR-155 binder that inhibits oncogenic miR-155 maturation in vitro and in cell, and that induces cancer cell apoptosis. The results of this investigation demonstrate that macrocyclic peptidomimetics could serve as a new scaffold for RNA targeting.