cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Release of Nitric Oxide Contributes to the Vasodilator Effect of Adenosine in Humans

Background The endogenous nucleoside adenosine plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during ischemia. Experimental data derived from animal models suggest that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the vasodilator effect of adenosine. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the endothelial release of NO contributes to adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Methods and Results Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to assess the forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to graded intra-arterial infusions of adenosine (1.5 to 500 μg/min). Dose-response curves were constructed before and during intra-arterial infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor N G-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) (2 mg/min, n=6) or vehicle (n=6). Before infusion of L-NMMA, adenosine caused a dose-dependent increase in FBF from 2.3 to 15.9 mL · min−1 · dL−1. During concurrent infusion of L-NMMA, adenosine increased FBF from 1.7 to 10.0 mL · min−1 · dL−1, and this change from baseline was significantly reduced compared with that before L-NMMA ( P <.05). L-NMMA also attenuated the FBF response to adenosine when the basal constrictor effect of L-NMMA was prevented by coinfusion of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (n=6, P <.01). In contrast, L-NMMA did not affect the FBF response to intra-arterial infusion of the endothelium-independent vasodilator verapamil (from 2.0 to 13.9 mL · min−1 · dL−1 before L-NMMA and from 1.3 to 13.6 mL · min−1 · dL−1 during L-NMMA; n=6, P =NS). The second objective of this study was to determine whether the adenosine-induced release of NO is mediated by activation of endothelial potassium channels, putatively coupled to adenosine receptors. Thus, the FBF response to adenosine was measured before and during infusion of the ATP-dependent potassium channel blocker tolbutamide (1 mg/min, n=6), or the potassium channel blocker quinidine (0.5 mg/min, n=6). The adenosine-mediated increments in FBF were not attenuated by either potassium channel blocker. Conclusions Adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans is mediated, at least in part, by endothelial release of NO. The transducing mechanism of this phenomenon is not known, but it does not appear to involve the activation of either ATP-dependent or quinidine-sensitive potassium channels.
The generalized Cayley-Hamilton theorem in n dimensions

Pour tout nombre entier positifn, cette etude tire la forme explicite de l'identite enn matrices, chacunen×n, qu'on obtient par la polarisation complete du theoreme familier deCayley-Hamilton, et qu'on emploie a plusieurs reprises, avecn=2 ou 3, pour determiner une base d'integrite des tenseurs symetriques.
SU-E-J-199: A Novel Method to Evaluate Local Control and Recurrence Using 18F-FDG PET After Lung SBRT.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to evaluate the predictability of a novel method using a self background‐corrected maximum Standard Uptake Value (cSUVmax) from 18F‐FDG Positron Emission Tomography(PET) of the patients following lungcancer stereotactic body radiosurgery(SBRT).Methods: 20 qualified patients treated out of 38 patients treated with SBRT for a single lung malignant lesion between May 2009 and December 2009 were enrolled in the cohort study. All had pre‐ and at least one post‐treatment PETimages available at the time of study. The mean normal tissue SUV from the descending aorta was sampled as baseline to divide SUVmax of tumor site. The resultant cSUVmax was used for assess the local control or possible recurrence. The Result was then compared with that using SUVmax alone method. Results: The average follow‐up length was 48.9 weeks ranging from 18.6 to 115.0 weeks. The mean SUV of aorta was measured as 1.821±0.364, ranging from 1.173 to 2.576. From the pre‐treatment PET, 70% and 65% was indicated positive correspondingly when using SUVmax with 2.50 and cSUVmax with 1.52 thresholds. When PET was taken < 29 weeks post‐SBRT, 75% and 67% respectively showed higher values in the locally controlled group. For PET = 29 weeks after SBRT, with cSUVmax both locally controlled and recurrent groups are accurately identified, while SUVmax shows 5% false positive and one possible false negative. Conclusions: The SUVmax in lungtumor site corrected by the mean SUV of descending aorta or cSUVmax provided a more reliable parameter than using SUVmax alone in predicting the local control and recurrence for follow‐up PET of patients after lungSBRT. The method used in this study objectively displayed a strong correlation between low cSUVmax and local control following lungSBRT in this investigation, otherwise a local recurrence is suggested.
Assessment of energy requirements in elderly populations

The daily energy requirements of older adults are unclear. Aging results in a decline in daily energy expenditure and intake, which are associated with greater gains in body fatness and a subsequently higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the energy requirements of older populations, therefore, has important clinical implications. Current world-wide recommendations suggest that energy needs of individuals above 50 y are of 1.51 times resting energy expenditure. Limited data suggest that this may be an underestimation of energy needs in older Caucasian women and men. In contrast, current energy requirement recommendations may be appropriate for older African-American women, because of their low rate of daily energy expenditure for their metabolic size. Aging is also associoated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s and recent data suggest that individuals with these chronic diseases actually have energy requirements that are at or below current recommendations. Physical activity is the most modifiable and varible component of daily energy expenditure and, therefore, energy requirements. Current data suggest that an inexpensive and simple measurement of physical activity is difficult in older adults, which limits our ability to accurately determine energy needs. Overall, current data suggest that energy needs of older adults may be higher than current world-wide recommendations, although future prospective data are needed in healthy, ethnic, and diseased populations. Accurate, unobtrusive, and inexpensive methods to measure physical activity are also needed to assess energy requirements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, Suppl 3, S104–S111
Experimental study of two-phase flow structure in large diameter pipes

Abstract Current thermal–hydraulic analysis codes use static, flow-regime-dependent empirical models which introduce several sources of error and numerical instability. The interfacial area transport equation offers a more robust, reliable prediction of interfacial area and can allow for dynamic predictions of two-phase flows. In order to develop reliable mechanistic models for interfacial area concentration sources and sinks an extensive database is required, however the current database lacks significant data for pipes larger than 0.1 m diameter and for void fractions above 0.4. To improve and extend the database experiments have been performed in pipes with diameters of 0.152 m and 0.203 m with void fractions of up to 0.7, providing valuable data regarding the local profiles and axial development that can be used to evaluate current interfacial area transport models and assist in the development of new mechanistic models for interfacial area concentration sources and sinks.
Pontocerebellar projections to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat: evidence for a mediolateral topography.

In this study, using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique, the pontocerebellar projection to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat has been analyzed in a series of experiments which had been performed to study the olivocerebellar projection (Eisenman, '81). Microinjections of HRP were made in different mediolateral positions along the width of the pyramis and copula pyramidis. Injections situated within the pyramis but in different loci resulted in the retrograde labeling of primarily two bilateral (much heavier contralaterally) groups of pontine cells: a medial and a ventrolateral group, both situated in the caudal pontine nuclei. With injections in the intermediate region, i.e., the border between the pyramis and copula pyramidis, a different pattern of labeled cells is seen. In these cases the intermediate part of the caudal pontine nuclei contains labeled cells. Injections placed in the lateral parts of the copula pyramidis resulted in still another pattern of retrograde labeling. Injections in this region resulted in the presence of labeled cells in four pontine areas, three caudal groups, and one group in the rostral pontine nuclei. Two of the caudal groups overlap with, but extend more rostrally than, the regions containing labeled cells after pyramis injections. These data suggest the presence in the pyramis and copula pyramidis of three parasagittal zones of differing widths, each of which receives a mainly differential projection from the pontine nuclei.
Anxiety and rumor.

Summary This study explored rumor transmission as a function of the anxiety of the group exposed to that rumor. Four eight-member groups which were designated either as high anxiety or low anxiety on the basis of scores on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) were presented with a rumor through a sociometrically selected individual. Issues relevant to the groups, with basic similarities across all four groups, were selected as the rumors. That these topics were equally important to the individuals involved is testified to by the fact that importance rating on these issues at the conclusion of the study did not differ significantly among the groups. As predicted, the groups that were high anxious when confronted with a rumor of importance transmitted that rumor throughout that group with a higher frequency than did the groups of low anxious members when confronted with an issue of importance. A model of rumor transmission dependent upon anxiety was proposed.
Complexity results for scheduling tasks with discrete starting times

Abstract Suppose that n independent tasks are to be scheduled without preemption on a set of identical parallel processors. Each task T i requires a given execution time τ i and it may be started for execution on any processor at any of its prescribed starting times s i 1 , s i 2 , …, s ik i , with k i ≤ k for some fixed integer k . We first prove that the problem of finding a feasible schedule on a single processor is NP-complete in the strong sense even when τ i ϵ { τ , τ ′} and k i ≤ 3 for 1 ≤ i ≤ n . The same problem is, however, shown to be solvable in O( n log n ) time, provided s ik i − s i 1 τ i for 1 ≤ i ≤ n . We then show that the problem of finding a feasible schedule on an arbitrary number of processors is strongly NP-complete even when τ i ϵ { τ , τ ′}, k i = 2 and s i 2 − s i 1 = δ τ i for 1 ≤ i ≤ n . Finally a special case with k i = 2 and s i 2 − s i 1 = 1, 1 ≤ i ≤ n , of the above multiprocessor scheduling problem is shown to be solvable in polynomial time.
Parkin-deficient Mice Exhibit Nigrostriatal Deficits but Not Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons

Loss-of-function mutations in parkin are the major cause of early-onset familial Parkinson's disease. To investigate the pathogenic mechanism by which loss of parkin function causes Parkinson's disease, we generated a mouse model bearing a germline disruption in parkin. Parkin–/– mice are viable and exhibit grossly normal brain morphology. Quantitative in vivo microdialysis revealed an increase in extracellular dopamine concentration in the striatum of parkin–/– mice. Intracellular recordings of medium-sized striatal spiny neurons showed that greater currents are required to induce synaptic responses, suggesting a reduction in synaptic excitability in the absence of parkin. Furthermore, parkin–/– mice exhibit deficits in behavioral paradigms sensitive to dysfunction of the nigrostriatal pathway. The number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of parkin–/– mice, however, is normal up to the age of 24 months, in contrast to the substantial loss of nigral neurons characteristic of Parkinson's disease. Steady-state levels of CDCrel-1, synphilin-1, and α-synuclein, which were identified previously as substrates of the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of parkin, are unaltered in parkin–/– brains. Together these findings provide the first evidence for a novel role of parkin in dopamine regulation and nigrostriatal function, and a non-essential role of parkin in the survival of nigral neurons in mice.
Eddy Viscosity for Variable Density Coflowing Streams

Abstract : The classical Prandtl eddy viscosity model, which was formulated for an incompressible jet into still air, is modified to account for a density difference between the jet and a non-zero velocity coflowing stream. The constant in the potential core of the Prandtl model is freed and empirically determined as a function of the local mass flux ratio of the secondary to primary flows. The resulting predictions are compared to available axisymmetric jet data. The model is expected to be of use in the computation of thrust augmenting ejector problems where the primary jets are heated by the use of a combination of engine and bypass air. (Author)
Designing Outcome Studies: Treatment of Adult Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Methodological issues are addressed for those who design studies that evaluate treatment efficacy among victims of early sexual abuse. Recommendations are provided for ensuring (a) representative samples, (b) stable and valid measures, (c) statistical power and low error rates, (d) treatment integrity, (e) little contamination from therapist effects, (f) protection from unintended experimenter influences, and (g) clinically meaningful findings. It is concluded that at least two lines of integrated inquiry are needed: (a) studies that seek to determine the degree to which responses to early sexual victimization are different from those associated with other early traumas, and (b) studies that seek to understand how well different interventions “fit” the needs and response dispositions of different victims. Both naturalistic and randomized trials designs are adaptable to the developmental level of this field of inquiry.
Collaborative fixation: effects of others' ideas on brainstorming

SUMMARY Three experiments examined whether or not fixation effects occur in brainstorming as a function of receiving ideas from others. Exchanging ideas in a groupreduced thenumber of domains ofideas that were explored by participants. Additionally, ideas given by brainstormers conformed to ideas suggested by other participants. Temporal analyses showed how the quantity, variety and novelty of ideas fluctuate over the course of a brainstorming session. Taking a break modulated the natural decline over time in the quantity and variety of ideas. Although fixation was observed in brainstorming in terms of conformity and restriction of the breadth of ideas, it did not influence the number of ideas generated in these experiments. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Brainstorming is a popular method for group creativity, but is inefficient. In creative problem solving individuals often face fixation, an impediment to productive problem solving (Duncker, 1945; Luchins & Luchins, 1959; Maier, 1931). The present study investigated if fixation takes place in brainstorming and is a contributing factor to brainstorming’s inefficiency. Osborn (1957) believed that working in groups is more effective than working individually when using his rules. Those given his brainstorming rules generate more ideas than participants not given the rules (Parnes & Meadow, 1959). Theoretically, group brainstorming should be advantageous because it allows members to share ideas (Paulus, 2000). The larger the group, the more domains related to the problem should be accessed. Furthermore, each member will have a unique cognitive architecture and will synthesize ideas differently (Stasson & Bradshaw, 1995).
The antigen-specific CD8+ T cell repertoire in unimmunized mice includes memory phenotype cells bearing markers of homeostatic expansion.

Memory T cells exhibit superior responses to pathogens and tumors compared with their naive counterparts. Memory is typically generated via an immune response to a foreign antigen, but functional memory T cells can also be produced from naive cells by homeostatic mechanisms. Using a recently developed method, we studied CD8 T cells, which are specific for model (ovalbumin) and viral (HSV, vaccinia) antigens, in unimmunized mice and found a subpopulation bearing markers of memory cells. Based on their phenotypic markers and by their presence in germ-free mice, these preexisting memory-like CD44hi CD8 T cells are likely to arise via physiological homeostatic proliferation rather than a response to environmental microbes. These antigen-inexperienced memory phenotype CD8 T cells display several functions that distinguish them from their CD44lo counterparts, including a rapid initiation of proliferation after T cell stimulation and rapid IFN-γ production after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these data indicate that the unprimed antigen-specific CD8 T cell repertoire contains antigen-inexperienced cells that display phenotypic and functional traits of memory cells.
Effects of pentasaccharide (fondaparinux) and direct thrombin inhibitors on coagulation testing.

Abstract Context.—Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and fondaparinux represent a new class of anticoagulants. The effects of DTIs on activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time measurements have been reported previously, but there are limited data on the impact of these anticoagulants on other coagulation tests. Objective.—To determine the effects of fondaparinux and 3 DTIs (argatroban, bivalirudin, and lepirudin) on miscellaneous coagulation tests. Design.—Bivalirudin, lepirudin, argatroban, and fondaparinux were added to pooled normal plasma and tested for fibrinogen, antithrombin (thrombin and Xa substrate methods), plasminogen, protein C (clot and chromogenic methods), protein S, von Willebrand factor, D-dimer, lupus anticoagulant testing (dilute Russell viper venom test [DRVVT] with ratio), and factors II, IX, and X activities. Results.—We found no drug interference on antithrombin, plasminogen, chromogenic protein C, von Willebrand factor, or D-dimer results. All DTIs falsely decrease...
Off-Axis Growth of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-y on Different Substrates

Films of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-y have been grown by off-axis DC sputtering onto substrates of (100) SrTiO 3 . LaAl O , LaGaO 3 , Yttria-stabilized Zirconia, and MgO. Our best films, grown on SrTiO 3 substrates at a temperature of 650°C and a sputtering pressure of 100 mTorr (consisting of 80 mTorr Ar and 20 mTorr O 2 ) have room temperature resistivities of 280 μΩ-cm, an inductive T c of 88 K and an inductive J c 'Sof∼ 2.6 × 10 6 A/cm 2 at 77 K and 3.9 × 10 7 A/cm 2 at 4.2 K. Films grown on YSZ tend to have higher resistivities (∼ 600 μΩ-cm) but still have T c 's of 86 K and J c 's of - 106 A/cm 2 at 77 K. Films down to 550 A still have T c 's of 86 K and J c 's at 77 K > 10 6 A/cm 2 . Films grown at lower temperatures (600°C) on S1TiO 3 begin to show a-axis growth, but the superconducting properties deteriorate.
Community-Based Rapid Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing for Tuberculosis Patients in Lima, Peru

Among tuberculosis patients, timely diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection and early antiretroviral treatment are crucial, but are hampered by a myriad of individual and structural barriers. Community-based models to provide counseling and rapid HIV testing are few but offer promise. During November 2009–April 2010, community health workers offered and performed HIV counseling and testing by using the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test to new tuberculosis cases in 22 Ministry of Health establishments and their household contacts (n = 130) in Lima, Peru. Refusal of HIV testing or study participation was low (4.7%). Intervention strengths included community-based approach with participant preference for testing site, use of a rapid, non-invasive test, and accompaniment to facilitate HIV care and family disclosure. We will expand the intervention under programmatic auspices for rapid community-based testing for new tuberculosis cases in high incidence establishments. Other potential target populations include contacts of HIV-positive persons and pregnant women.
Reformulation of nodally integrated continuum elements to attain insensitivity to distortion

SUMMARY The nodally integrated continuum element (NICE) formulation is an assumed-strain finite element technique derived from a weighted residual statement that weakly enforces both the balance equation and the kinematic equation. The original NICE formulation has a number of desirable attributes (e.g., resistance to volumetric locking), but, similar to classical finite elements, it is sensitive to a geometrical distortion of the finite element mesh. The present work analyzes the NICE technique from this viewpoint, the source of the sensitivity to the shape of the element is identified, and an improvement of the NICE formulation is proposed. We illustrate the performance of the revised NICE formulation on extremely distorted meshes. The tetrahedral meshes contain zero-volume or negative-volume elements, including slivers, and the new NICE formulation is shown to have the condition number of the stiffness matrix under control even in the presence of slivers. Furthermore, insensitivity to distortions is demonstrated for quadratic and cubic hexahedral elements. The proposed improvement confers robustness to all element shapes treated by the NICE formulation. The approximation properties of the original NICE formulation are preserved, in particular the improved version is also locking free, and at the same time, the need for stabilization also carries over. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post-prandial chemosensory searching in black rat snakes

Abstract In a laboratory experiment, black rat snakes,Elaphe o. obsoleta, increased rates of tongue flicking following ingestion of prey. This post-prandial tongue-flick increase, in combination with searching behaviour, represented post-prandial chemosensory searching (PPCS). Such chemosensory searching enabled rat snakes to locate subsequent prey more quickly than initial prey, which may prove beneficial in the wild. Single snakes of five other colubrid species also showed post-prandial tongue flick increases in similar experiments. Field observations are described that support inferences drawn from experimental results. Strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) is well known in venomous snakes, and was thought to have evolved as an adaptation for chemically trailing envenomated prey after voluntary release. This study adds to a growing list of non-venomous squamates that appear to show SICS, suggesting that the trait may instead be widespread and ancestral. The data are consistent with the view that SICS arose in a snake–lizard ancestor and may now serve different functions in different lineages. The emerging scenario for the evolution of chemosensory searching is a complex mix of adaptation and exaptation, underscoring the need to distinguish historical origin from current utility in the study of behavioural traits.
Parallel computation for microwave circuit simulation

In this paper, the results of implementing a harmonic balance simulator, AGILE, on a variety of massively parallel computers (MPCs) is given. Descriptions of the computer hardware, which includes both shared-memory and message-passing implementations, and algorithms used to parallelize the computations are presented. The computers used include the CM-5, KSR-1, and a networked set of nonheterogeneous workstations using UNIX RPC. A key aspect is the description of the variety of algorithms used for each computer and the results obtained.
Removal of excess interfacial material from surface-modified emulsions using a microfluidic device with triangular post geometry

We report on a microfluidic device used to create water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions with controlled interfacial properties in pure solvent. Functional particles, specifically lipids, surfactants, and magnetic particulates, are delivered to the emulsion surface where they assemble to form a monolayer. This is achieved by immersing the emulsions in a high concentration of the functional particles and then separating excess material from the surrounding continuous phase. Separation is achieved using only passive hydrodynamic forces. It is desirable to remove the excess material so it is neither wasted nor available to interfere with applications where the surface-modified emulsions alone are needed. The separation of the surface-modified emulsions from the excess material is achieved by a variation of pinched flow fractionation. The emulsions are forced across streamlines into a pure solvent stream, while the smaller functional particles track a single streamline into a waste port. Numerical modeling confirms the validity of this streamline rationale for separation. The emulsions built using the microfluidic device support applications in drug delivery and membrane biology studies.
Life tables in palaeodemography: A methodological note

Several errors in the early literature discussing life-table analysis of skeletal populations are potentially misleading to the researcher unacquainted with the mathematical methods of palaeodemography. Additional errors document the hazards of borrowing life-table methods and equations from other applications without fully realizing their context, interpretation, and the potential restrictions on their use. A simple generalization of the life-table equations explicitly to reveal their dependence on the entry age and width of the age intervals used will facilitate the correct computation of life tables and readily accommodate the use of unconventional or otherwise non-standard cohorts. A general procedure for computing a life table for a skeletal population is presented, and a numerical example is included to illustrate the method.
Sharing Secrets with Stalin: How the Allies Traded Intelligence, 1941-1945

Author Bradley Smith reveals the surprisingly rich exchange of wartime intelligence between the Anglo-American allies and the Soviet Union, as well as the procedures and politics that made such an exchange possible. Between the late 1930s and 1945, allied intelligence organisations expanded at an enormous rate in order to acquire the secret information their governments needed to win the war. But, as Smith demonstrates, the demand for intelligence far outpaced the ability of any one ally to produce it. For that reason, Washington, London and Moscow were compelled to share some of their most sensitive secrets. Historians have long known about the close Anglo-American intelligence collaboration, but until now the Soviet connection has been largely unexplored. Smith contends that Cold War animosities helped keep this story from a public that might have found it hard to believe that such cooperation was ever possible. In fact, official denials - from such illustrious Cold Warriors as Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell and the CIA's Sherman Kent - continued well into the late 1980s. Smith argues that, contrary to the official story, Soviet-American intelligence exchanges were both extensive and successful. He shows that East and West were not as hostile to each other during the war or as determined to march right off into the Cold War as many have suggested. Among other things, he provides convincing evidence that the US Army gave the Soviets its highest-grade ULTRA intelligence in August 1945 to speed up the Soviet advances in the Far East. Based on interviews and research in Anglo-American archives and despite limited access to tenaciously guarded Soviet documents, Smith's book persuasively demonstrates how reluctant and suspicious allies, driven by the harsh realities of total war, finally set aside their ideological differences to work closely with people they neither trusted not particularly liked.
3 themes described how self care management was learned and experienced by patients with chronic illness.

Thorne S, Paterson B, Russell C. The structure of everyday self-care decision making in chronic illness. Qual Health Res 2003;13:1337–52. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Q In patients with expertise in self care management of chronic illnesses (ie, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or multiple sclerosis), how was the everyday self care decision making process learned and experienced? Qualitative secondary analysis of data from 2 primary studies. The 2 primary studies included patients from British Columbia, Canada. 43 patients (22 with type 1 diabetes, and 7 each with type 2 diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and MS) who had been chronically ill and had several years of experience in self care decision making for their disease. In both primary studies, data were collected through individual interviews at baseline, and after 2–3 audiotaped think aloud sessions (each lasting 1 week) over the course of 12 months; and focus group interviews done near the end of the study year. Themes and patterns evolved from a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Learning: the decision to assume control. … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DQualitative%2BHealth%2BResearch%26rft.stitle%253DQual%2BHealth%2BRes%26rft.issn%253D1049-7323%26rft.aulast%253DThorne%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%26rft.volume%253D13%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D1337%26rft.epage%253D1352%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2BStructure%2Bof%2BEveryday%2BSelf-Care%2BDecision%2BMaking%2Bin%2BChronic%2BIllness%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1177%252F1049732303258039%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14658350%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=spqhr&resid=13/10/1337&atom=%2Febnurs%2F7%2F3%2F94.atom
The Effect of the Video-Tape Recorder on Levels of Anxiety, Exhibitionism, and Reticence.

Deals with the video‐tape recorder (VTR) as a feedback mechanism for instructional purposes, which has become an increasingly popular teaching tool. Considerable research has been conducted to determine its effectiveness in the classroom.
Trace regularity of the solutions of the wave equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and data supported away from the boundary

Let Ω ⊂Rn be a smooth domain with boundary Γ. Let u be the solution of a second order hyperbolic scalar equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions defined on Ω due to initial conditions u0, u1 and to a forcing term ƒ. The present paper studies the regularity of the map {ƒ, u0, u1} → u¦Γ, where {ƒ, u0, u1} ϵ L2(Q) × H1(Ω) × L2(Ω), Q = (0, T] × Ω, and u¦Γ is the Dirichlet trace of the solution. In particular, the case of compactly supported data {ƒ, u0, u1} is considered and contrasted with corresponding results where the data do not have compact support. In this latter case, an optimal regularity result is given for the wave equation on the half-space of dimension ⩾2. It states, contrary to expectations from elliptic or parabolic theory, that u¦Σ ϵ H34(∑), but u¦Σ ∉ H34 + e(∑), ∀e > 0, Where ∑ = (0, T] × Γ.
Incidence of sudden cardiac death is higher in areas of low socioeconomic status: Results from the oregon sudden unexplained death study (ore-suds)

proposed expanded coverage for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30 percent with non ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP) 9 months. To investigate the ramifications of these criteria, the ICD registry from TuftsNew England Medical Center was analyzed for arrhythmic events and death in patients with newly diagnosed versus NICMP diagnosed 9 months. Methods: One hundred, thirty-three patients with NICMP, were divided into two cohorts with respect to initial diagnosis of cardiomyopathy or 9 months, and analyzed with regards to survival, any occurrence of treated ventricular arrhythmia, and lethal arrhythmias (ventricular flutter 230 bpm and ventricular fibrillation). Patients with documented sustained tachycardias prior to ICD implantation were excluded. Results: The study group had a mean age of 56 14 yrs and ejection fraction 23 11%. Using the CMS criteria, 76 patients had an initial diagnosis made 9 months (mean 72 68), while 57 patients did not (mean 1.1 1.8 months). In a follow up period of 27 27 months, there was no difference in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (p 0.92) or life threatening ventricular arrhythmias (p 0.29). However, patients with NICMP 9 months had an increased mortality (p 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with NICMP experienced equivalent occurrences of treated and lethal arrhythmias irrespective of diagnosis duration. These findings suggest that the CMS guidelines may not reliably discriminate patients at high risk for SCD.
TOXICOKINETICS: WHAT ONE CAN AND CANNOT DO WITH PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS

This paper demonstrates how toxicokinetic studies can contribute to the interpretation of toxicology studies by helping the toxicologist dktingukh between thepharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors in dose-response toxicity. It also shows the limitations of plasma concentration data.
A Systematic Analysis of 40 Random Genes in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Subtypes Reveals a Heterogeneity of Gene Expression and Identifies the Tight Junction Gene Zonula Occludens 2 as a Marker of Epithelioid “Pup” Smooth Muscle Cells and a Participant in Carotid Neointimal Formation

Abstract —An accumulation of evidence suggests that vascular smooth muscle is composed of cell subpopulations with distinct patterns of gene expression. Much of this evidence has come from serendipitous discoveries of genes marking phenotypically distinct aortic cultures derived from 12-day-old and 3-month-old rats. To identify more systematic differences, we isolated 40 genes at random from libraries of these 2 cultures and examined message expression patterns. To determine consistency of differential expression, we measured mRNA levels in 4 sets of cultures in 6 phenotypically distinct aortic cell clones and in balloon injured rat carotid arteries to determine the relevance of these differences in vitro to in vivo biology. The following 5 consistently differentially expressed genes were identified in vitro: zonula occludens 2 (ZO-2); peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ); secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC); α1(I)collagen; and A2, an uncharacterized gene. We examined these 5 clones during carotid artery injury and an inconsistently differentially expressed clone Krox-24 because, as an early response transcription factor, it could be involved in the injury response. PPARδ, A2, and Krox-24 mRNAs were upregulated during the day after injury. ZO-2 and α1(I)collagen messages were modulated for up to a month, whereas SPARC message showed no consistent change. An analysis of ZO-2 and other tight junction genes indicates that tight junctions may play a role in smooth muscle biology. These data suggest that a systematic analysis of these libraries is likely to identify a very large number of differentially expressed genes. ZO-2 is particularly intriguing both because of this tight junction gene’s pattern of prolonged over-expression after injury and because of its potential role in determining the distinctive epithelioid phenotype of smooth muscle cells identified in rat and other species.
A Large-Eddy-Simulation Model for the Study of Planetary Boundary-Layer Turbulence

Abstract A large-eddy-simulation (LFS) model explicitly calculates the large-eddy field and parameterizes the small eddies. The large eddies in the atmospheric boundary layer are believed to be much more important and more flow-dependent than the small eddies. The LES model results are therefore believed to be relatively insensitive to the parameterization scheme for the small eddies. Deardorff first applied this type of numerical model to boundary-layer turbulence. In order to continue his important work, and to take advantage of the fast Fourier transformation algorithm, a new LES model code which uses a mixed pseudospectral finite-difference method was developed. This LES model is described here and tested with a simple vortex flow and with the Wangara day-33 data. This model will be used to systematically investigate fundamental problems in the area of boundary-layer turbulence. It is hoped that three-dimensional simulations will give useful statistical information about turbulence structural and impr...
Transarterial wall oxygen gradients at the deployment site of an intra-arterial stent in the rabbit

Intimal hyperplasia, common at the deployment site of an intra-arterial stent, may be caused by artery wall hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an intra-arterial stent on artery wall oxygen concentrations. Transarterial wall oxygen gradients were measured by microelectrode at stent deployment sites in New Zealand White rabbits. Thinned artery walls and decreased oxygen tensions were noted throughout the artery wall immediately following stent deployment with a return toward control values at 28 days. Angioplasty alone had no acute effect on artery wall oxygen concentrations. Larger stent deployment diameters yielded acutely lower artery wall oxygen tensions. Using a linear one-dimensional model for the oxygen profile, we noted that stent deployment resulted in acute changes in oxygen consumption in the inner artery wall that rapidly returned to control values. Changes were noted without differences in blood pressure or arterial blood oxygen concentrations. Oxygen delivery to and consumption within the artery wall are altered by intra-arterial stent deployment. A role for artery wall hypoxia in artery wall pathology at the deployment site of an intra-arterial stent is supported by these findings.
Connecting Civic Engagement and International Relations Pedagogy: An Effective Combination?

Too often the combination of civic engagement and political science pedagogy is limited to the sub-fields of local, state, or national government. This paper presents an example of teaching substantive knowledge about global issues with the teaching and experience of civic engagement. It goes beyond mere show and tell highlights to present research on the effects of the course that evaluate whether or not the course is achieving its pedagogical goals of cultivating a civic identity and skill set coupled with an ongoing interest in and awareness of global issues and the work of international organizations on these issues. Following a grounding in the current pedagogy of civic engagement literature, research includes assessment data from an online survey of past students conducted from December 2010-February 2011 coupled with assessment data at the end of the six semesters in which the course was taught. It argues that if our discipline truly seeks to promote the political participation of our students, then our pedagogy cannot ignore the large amount of students who are more interested in international and comparative politics. Instead, we should have opportunities for all of our students to gain the knowledge and civic skills that are necessary for their development and participation as citizens.
Mises Meets the Internet: Revisiting the Calculation Debate in Light of Recent Technology

The Austrian position in the socialist calculation debate showed that the information necessary to effective economic calculation requires the use of market prices and cannot be centralized in a way that would make central planning viable. It follows from this conclusion that socialism, in any meaningful sense, is impossible. But new technology leads some to question that claim. Voices from Lange in the 1970s to those more contemporary hold that if only technology could become advanced enough, central planning would work. Given the large technological leaps of the past few decades, the socialist claim has never seemed more plausible. The rise of the Internet of Things provides a glimpse into the now radically connected world in which precise information about minute details of goods is transmitted at the speed of light all around the world. Socialists are now claiming that the very information that the Austrians told them had to be decentralized and conveyed by market prices can now be assimilated by computers. The question of this paper is whether the radically connected Internet Age makes central planning a viable method of economic organization by solving the information problems that have plagued it in the past.The paper argues that central planning still fails and that claims that technology can solve this problem simply miss the point of the Austrian critique. The problem with central planning is not that it is difficult for human brains to deal with lots of information but that it is flawed on a more fundamental level. Central planning, using the Internet or any other means, still cannot account for the crucial role of human action, subjective preferences and rivalry between competing production plans which make market prices the bearers of information necessary to economic calculation. The relevant information is, in Hayek’s words, “essentially dispersed” and loses its usefulness if it is not so. Optimism about central planning because of technological advances misdiagnoses a fundamental economic problem as merely a difficult technical problem.
Advanced Particle Control for Coal-Based Power Generation Systems

The Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is actively sponsoring research to develop coal-based power generation systems that use coal more efficiently and economically and with lower emissions than conventional pulverized-coal power plants. Some of the more promising of the advanced coal-based power generation systems are shown in Figure 1: pressurized fluidized-bed combustion combined-cycle (PFBC), integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC), and direct coal-fueled turbine (DCFT). These systems rely on gas turbines to produce all or a portion of the electrical power generation. An essential feature of each of these systems is the control of particles at high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Particle control is needed in all advanced power generation systems to meet environmental regulations and to protect the gas turbine and other major system components. Particles can play a significant role in damaging the gas turbine by erosion, deposition, and corrosion. Erosion is caused by the high-speed impaction of particles on the turbine blades. Particle deposition on the turbine blades can impede gas flow and block cooling air. Particle deposition also contributes to corrosive attack when alkali metal compounds adsorbed on the particles react with the gas turbine blades. Incorporation of HTHP particle control technologies into the advanced power generation systems can reduce gas turbine maintenance requirements, increase plant efficiency, reduce plant capital cost, lower the cost of electricity, reduce wastewater treatment requirements, and eliminate the need for post-turbine particle control to meet New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for particle emissions.Copyright © 1989 by ASME
Protecting and Promoting Wildlife Habitat on State and Private Land in Washington's Arid Interior

Patterns of rural settlement and land use play important roles in the accomplishment of goals for wildlife habitat and biodiversity protection in landscapes where effective solutions depend on involving both public and private lands. The article examines the creation of the settled landscape of interior Washington State through dramatic reshaping of the natural environment and the approaches taken by state resource managers to involve private landholders in conservation efforts in farm land and range land settings. The particular effectiveness of traditional state fish and wildlife management structures as a basis for recruiting landowners to conservation efforts is noted as well as the great importance of cultural and economic understandings of land in shaping landowners’ willingness to participate in habitat protection and restoration initiatives. The article describes reasons for the great variability in landowners’ willingness to participate in conservation efforts and evaluates the effectiveness of a succession of habitat protection and restoration projects in interior Washington State, with implications for parallel conservation efforts in other settings.
Parametric Comparison of Modeled and Measured Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Using a Common Signal-to-Noise Metric

The auto-correlation signal-to-noise (ACSN) method is employed on micromagnetically modeled heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) readback waveforms and compared with experimental ACSN data. The breakdown between transition signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and remanence SNR is provided for both modeled and measured data. Good agreement is observed between both simulated and experimental SNRs as a function of laser power and as a function of linear density. An efficiency factor that relates maximum temperature observed in the media to the applied laser current is obtained by combining the modeled and experimental data. Usage of this methodology provides SNR metrics that allow a reliable comparison of micromagnetic modeling of HAMR recording systems to experimental measurements.
Inadequate Sedation During Therapeutic Paralysis: Use of Bispectral Index in Critically Ill Patients

Background Patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may experience inadequate sedation due to intrinsic limitations of behavioral sedation assessment. Bispectral index (BIS™) provides an objective measure of sedation; however, the role of BIS™ is not well defined in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).
Dietary HCO3 reduces distal tubule acidification by increasing cellular HCO3 secretion

We examined the components of net HCO3 reabsorption (H+/HCO3 secretion and transepithelial HCO3 permeability) in in vivo perfused distal tubules of anesthetized rats to determine the mechanisms by ...
Computer models and images of the cutaneous surface.

Computer technology has made it possible to study the topography of the skin and to create mathematical models of surface-altering events. These models yield data that ultimately can serve as the basis for therapeutic decisions. It should also be possible to acquire additional insights about physiologic, pathologic, and enviromental factors that affect the cutaneous surface.
Safe Configurations of Replica Voting Processes in Fault-Resilient Data Collection Services

Voting among replicated sensor devices achieves a timely delivery of correct data to the end-user in a hostile environment. Enforcement of this safety prescription by the voting system depends on the hostility of environment, system parameters & resources (network bandwidth and device replication), and input data characteristics. How severely the faulty devices induce data corruptions and timeliness errors impacts the quality of information (QoI) in data delivery. We consider situations where the network bandwidth varies dynamically, device replication faces operational constraints, and environment parameters change unpredictably. An adaptation management module H exercises control of the voting system based on application context and external threats. H determines the safe configurations of voting system: i.e., the device replication and system resource allocation, to sustain an acceptable QoI.