cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nasal obstruction and anosmia.

A56-year-oldwomanpresentedwitha several-yearhistoryofnasal obstructive symptoms and anosmia. Despite previous courses of fluticasonepropionate,sheexperiencedno improvement.Shehad noassociatedpain, rhinorrhea,headaches, changes invision,or epistaxis, and her medical history was negative for either allergic rhinitis or chronic rhinosinusitis. Findings from the physical examinationwerenotable forbilateral, obstructingnasalmassesarising from the superior nasal cavity (Figure, A). She was placed on a 14-day course of oral prednisone, 60 mg perday,witha5-day taper, inaddition to fluticasonenasal spray.The patient reported some initial improvement of her symptomswhile taking prednisone, albeit without complete resolution, with return of her symptoms after cessation of systemic steroids. A computed tomographic (CT) scan was obtained and demonstrated polypoid masses within the olfactory clefts bilaterally with marked demineralization of the cribriform plates (Figure, B). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated soft-tissue changes at the crista galli extending to the margin of the cribriform plate without dural enhancement or intracranial involvement. The patient was subsequently taken to the operating room for abiopsyandbilateral subtotal resectionof themasses.Hematoxylineosin stain of the specimen at low (Figure, C) and high (Figure, D) magnifications revealedproliferationofglandular structureswithciliatedepitheliumandabundant goblet cells. Glandswere in continuity with the surface epithelium, invaginating into the submucosa without evidence of epithelial dysplasia or atypia. Without further treatment, the patient reported complete resolution of her symptoms 1 year postoperatively. What is your diagnosis? A B
Absence of Mutation in Coding Regions of CYP2R1 Gene in Apparent Autosomal Dominant Vitamin D 25-Hydroxylase Deficiency Rickets

Context: This is a case report of a proband and his family presenting with apparent autosomal dominant 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency and bone disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to present an alternative pattern of transmission of 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency other than autosomal recessive. Design: We diagnosed our patient with 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency, treated him, and examined his DNA for mutations. Evaluations at other institutions, clinical history of all family members, and laboratory testing for the mother, aunt, and maternal grandmother were reviewed. Family consent was obtained for all testing and record review. Setting: The patient was evaluated serially in an outpatient clinic. Routine laboratory studies for proband, mother, and maternal grandmother were obtained. Genetic testing was performed in another institution after obtaining family consent. Interventions: No research intervention was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Routine clinical care included an evaluation of ...
Assessing local land use planning's awareness, analysis, and actions for climate change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the previous larger‐scale climate policy studies to the local jurisdiction level to evaluate local land use planning capacity for climate change.Design/methodology/approach – This paper evaluated 53 recently developed local comprehensive land use plans in California and analyzes how well these plans recognized the concepts of climate change and prepared for climate change mitigation and adaptation.Findings – The descriptive results show that local land use plans reflect very low awareness and little analysis for climate change; however, the actions for climate change varied widely in scope and content in their plans.Originality/value – This paper provides policymakers important empirical evidence to improve local land use planning capacities for climate change.
Predicting the Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Scaled-Down Replicas

Experimentation with mobile ad hoc network testbeds is preferred to simulations for performing high fidelity testing. But, at the same time, realistic experimentation with large-scale network testbeds is more difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. To side-step some of these problems several researchers, e.g. P. De et al. (2005), V. Naik et al. (2006), have recently suggested experimentation on scaled-down replicas and have managed to downscale some specific indoor network realizations with no mobility. However, the question of whether a scaled-down replica can reproduce the behavior of an arbitrary large-scale mobile ad hoc network, in a timely manner, and under realistic outdoor conditions, remains an interesting open problem. In this work we investigate ways of constructing suitably scaled-down replicas, both in space and time, that can predict the performance of large-scale mobile ad hoc networks with high accuracy. We consider both large- and small-scale fading effects. Further, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the scaling to be possible, and identify some of the issues that may arise in practice. Finally, we argue that it is not possible to build arbitrarily smaller replicas, and that the factor by which one scales down the original network (in space) depends on the carrier frequency.
A Cycle of Redemption in a Medical Error Disclosure and Apology Program

Physicians accept that they have an ethical responsibility to disclose and apologize for medical errors; however, when physicians make a medical error, they are often not given the opportunity to disclose and apologize for the mistake. In this article, I explore how one hospital negotiated the aftermath of medical mistakes through a disclosure and apology program. Specifically, I used Burke’s cycle of redemption to position the hospital’s disclosure and apology program as a redemption process and explore how the hospital physicians and administrators worked through the experiences of disclosing and apologizing for medical errors.
A tree-based genetic algorithm for building rectilinear Steiner arborescences

A rectilinear Steiner arborescence (RSA) is a tree, whose nodes include a prescribed set of points, termed the vertices, in the first quadrant of the Cartesian plane, and whose tree edges from parent to child nodes must head either straight to the right or straight above. A minimal RSA (a MRSA) is one for which the total path length of the edges in the tree is minimal. RSAs have application in VLSI design. Curiously, although a RSA is a tree, to our knowledge, previous genetic attacks on the MRSA problem have not used tree-based approaches to representation, nor to the operations of crossover and mutation. We show why some care is needed in the choice of such genetic operators. Then we present tree-based operators for crossover and mutation, which are successful in creating true RSAs from source RSAs without the need of repair steps. We compare our results to two earlier researches, and find that our approach gives good results, but not results that are consistently better than those earlier approaches.
VICI Virtual Machine Introspection for Cognitive Immunity

When systems are under constant attack, there is no time to restore those infected with malware to health manually--repair of infected systems must be fully automated and must occur within milliseconds. After detecting kernel-modifying rootkit infections using Virtual Machine Introspection, the VICI Agent applies a collection of novel repair techniques to automatically restore infected kernels to a healthy state. The VICI Agent operates without manual intervention and uses a form of automated reasoning borrowed from robotics to choose its best repair technique based on its assessment of the current situation, its memory of past engagements, and the potential cost of each technique. Its repairs have proven effective in tests against a collection of common kernel-modifying rootkit techniques. Virtualized systems monitored by the VICI Agent experience a decrease in application performance of roughly 5%.
Postinfarct Cytokine Therapy Regenerates Cardiac Tissue and Improves Left Ventricular Function

We systematically investigated the comparative efficacy of three different cytokine regimens, administered after a reperfused myocardial infarction, in regenerating cardiac tissue and improving left ventricular (LV) function. Wild-type (WT) mice underwent a 30-minute coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion and received vehicle, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)+Flt-3 ligand (FL), G-CSF+stem cell factor (SCF), or G-CSF alone starting 4 hours after reperfusion. In separate experiments, chimeric mice generated by reconstitution of radioablated WT mice with bone marrow from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice underwent identical protocols. Mice were euthanized 5 weeks later. Echocardiographically, LV function was improved in G-CSF+FL- and G-CSF+SCF-treated but not in G-CSF-treated mice, whereas LV end-diastolic dimensions were smaller in all three groups. Morphometrically, cytokine-treated hearts had smaller LV diameter and volume. Numerous EGFP-positive cardiomyocytes, capillaries, and arterioles were noted in the infarcted region in cytokine-treated chimeric mice treated with G-CSF+FL or G-CSF+SCF, but the numbers were much smaller in G-CSF-treated mice. G-CSF+FL therapy mobilized bone marrow-derived cells exhibiting increased expression of surface antigens (CD62L and CD11a) that facilitate homing. We conclude that postinfarct cytokine therapy with G-CSF+FL or G-CSF+SCF limits adverse LV remodeling and improves LV performance by promoting cardiac regeneration and probably also by exerting other beneficial actions unrelated to regeneration, and that G-CSF alone is less effective.
Controversies in the Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma in children is a highly curable malignancy with current approaches utilizing combined modality therapy and a risk-adapted approach. The combination of anthracyclines, bleomycin, and radiotherapy, as well as other alkylating agents, are significant risk factors for secondary malignancies and cardiopulmonary toxicity. Therefore, current strategies aim to optimize cure rates while minimizing late effects. The role of radiotherapy has been examined in recent pediatric trials, with varying results. However, they provide evidence, as a whole, for the omission of radiotherapy for a subgroup of patients, without compromising outcomes.
Pragmatic issues in conversions of database applications

The need to convert database applications from one DBMS to another arises frequently. This paper presents a cost/benefit evaluation model for the database conversion problem, applies this model to several situations involving convertion of large database applications and proposes a decision support system for database conversion decisions. It also points out that although most of the literature focuses on database models and structures, in practice organizational and human considerations play a key role in the conversion of database applications and may become a limit to the growth of new database applications.
EFFECT OF VISCOUS LIQUID FILM ON DYNAMIC CONTACT IN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

This letter incorporates squeezing flow with the Hertz contact theory in analyzing the dynamic behavior of an AFM tip in contact with an elastic substrate and a liquid film. To the first order of approximation, a new dynamic equation describing the motion of the AFM tip is presented, from which closed-form solutions of the stored contact modulus and loss contact modulus are obtained. The results show that the stored contact modulus depends on the frequency of the oscillation, the elastic properties of the elastic material and the mass of the tip, while it is independent of the viscosity of the liquid film. These provide a theoretical basis for the characterization of the elastic properties of biological materials and nanostructures by using the technique of continuous stiffness measurement.
Scaling Effects on Static Metrics and Switching Attributes of Graphene Nanoribbon FET for Emerging Technology

In this paper, we have investigated the static metrics and switching attributes of graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNR FETs) for scaling the channel length from 15 nm down to 2.5 nm and GNR width by approaching the ultimate vertical scaling of oxide thickness. We have simulated the double-gate GNR FET by solving a numerical quantum transport model based on self-consistent solution of the 3D Poisson equation and 1D Schrodinger equation within the non-equilibrium Green’s function formulism. The narrow armchair GNR, e.g., (7,0), improved the device robustness to short-channel effects, leading to better OFF-state performance considering OFF-current, ${I}_{\mathrm {ON}} / {I}_{\mathrm {OFF}}$ ratio, subthreshold swing, and drain-induced barrier-lowering. The wider armchair GNRs allow the scaling of channel length and supply voltage, resulting in better ON-state performance, such as the larger intrinsic cut-off frequency for the channel length below 7.5 nm at smaller gate voltage as well as smaller intrinsic gate-delay time with the constant slope for scaling the channel length and supply voltage. The wider armchair GNRs, e.g., (13,0), have smaller power-delay product for scaling the channel length and supply voltage, reaching to $\sim 0.18$ (fJ/ $\mu \text{m}$ ).
Mobilizing the cartographic paradox: tracing the aspect of cartography and prospect of cinema Mobilizando o paradoxo cartográfico: traçando o aspecto na cartografia e o prospecto no cinema

Understanding the contrast and challenge of cinematic cartographies may lie in querying what John Pickles (2004, p.89) calls the “cartographic paradox.” The cartographic paradox is that linear perspective and projectionism inform cartographic practice. Yet, these two scopic regimes are both complementary and contradictory. The cartographic paradox has been mobilized by montage, animation and motion pictures. The penultimate technology of linear perspective is cinema, whereas the penultimate technology of projectionism is GIS and animated cartography. I argue that understanding the mobilization of these scopic regimes may lead to the production of affective geovisualizations. Keywords Cartographic paradox; Linear perspective; Cinema; Scopic regime; Place-mapping Resumo A compreensao do contraste e do desafio das cartografias cinematicas pode residir na indagacao do que John Pickles (2004, p.89) chama de “o paradoxo cartografico.” O paradoxo cartografico e que a perspectiva linear e o projecionismo informam a pratica cartografica. Contudo, estes dois regimes de visao sao complementares e contraditorios. O paradoxo cartografico tem sido mobilizado pela montagem e a animacao de imagens em movimento. A penultima tecnologia da perspectiva linear e o cinema, enquanto que a penultima tecnologia do projecionismo e o SIG e a animacao cartografica. Discuto neste artigo que compreender a mobilizacao destes regimes de visao pode conduzir a producao de geovisualizacoes afetivas. Palavras-chave Paradoxo cartografico; Perspectiva linear; Cinema; Regime de visao; Mapeamento de lugares
“Binaural Frequency Selectivity” and CMR

Masking experiments have revealed much about the frequency selectivity of the auditory system. One important finding is that the masking of a pure-tone signal in broadband noise is largely a function of the noise energy in a relatively narrow critical band (CB) surrounding the signal (Fletcher, 1940; Patterson, 1976): noise components remote from the signal frequency have little effect upon signal detection. However, in modulated noise, or other noise having an amplitude fluctuation pattern which is correlated across frequency, different rules apply. In modulated noise the presence of masking energy spectrally distant from the signal frequency improves the detectability of the signal (Hall et al., 1984a). The critical factor responsible for this improvement of threshold appears to be temporal coherence of the masker envelope across different CBs. Hall et al. (1984a) and Hall (1986) have hypothesized that the cue for signal detection in modulated noise is an across- frequency difference which occurs upon signal presentation: e.g., a difference in the modulation depth at the signal frequency vs. the modulation depth at other frequencies. The masking release obtained in noise having across-frequency coherence of temporal envelope is called comodulation masking release (CMR).
Cognitive Dissonance in Negotiation: Free Choice or Counter-Attitudinal Justification?

Previous research suggests that negotiators inflate their valuation for offers they make and devalue offers they choose not to make due to the psychological process of cognitive dissonance reduction. Research outside of the negotiation context suggests that cognitive dissonance is induced either by being forced to choose among relatively equal options or by having to justify a counter-attitudinal position. A negotiation involves both choice and justification, so it is unclear which process is responsible for inducing cognitive dissonance or preference inflation. We present two studies in which the effect of choosing an opening offer is disentangled from the effects of justifying that choice. Findings indicate that choice and justification have an additive effect on negotiator preference change. We discuss implications of these results for cognitive dissonance theory and the practice of negotiation.
The effect of surficial sedimentary layers on continental surface waves

Abstract Surface waves in the 1/2-second to 12-second period range, recorded at several stations in eastern North America from the eastern Tennessee shock of June 23, 1957, are the bases for several deductions concerning the effect of sedimentary layers on continental surface wave propagation. These are: (1) The velocities of surface waves of the fundamental Love and Rayleigh modes having periods less than about 10 seconds may be strongly affected by sedimentary layers of average thickness. The decrease in velocity accounts, at least in part, for the prolongation of surface-wave trains in this period range when sedimentary layers of appreciable thickness have been traversed. (2) Higher-mode propagation for both types of surface waves is a possible explanation for the velocities, frequencies, and amplitudes of the phase Sg at moderate epicentral distances, and of its long-distance counterpart the high-frequency component of Lg. The lower-frequency components of Lg have been explained previously by other aspects of normal-mode propagation in the crust. (3) Study of dispersion of short-period surface waves can result in fairly detailed knowledge of velocity-depth relation within the sedimentary column and may also reveal information on anisotropy. (4) The results of this study must bear heavily on studies of microseism propagation. As an example, the increase of microseismic activity along the entire east coast of the United States when a storm moves onto the continental shelf may be attributed to channeling of the waves in the deep sedimentary trough beneath the shelf.
Biodegradation ofVernonia galamensis seed Oil byAcinetobacter andPseudomonas sp.

The biodegradability ofVernonia galamensis seed oil (VO) has been demonstrated with two environmental bacterial strains,Acinetobacter Iwoffi (HU 3955), andPseudomonas sp. (HU 4020). A time-dependent increase in the degradative activities of both bacteria species was apparent. There wasca. 60% decrease in the amount of VO over an eightday incubation period. Additionally, lipolytic activity was evident from the amount of free fatty acid (FFA) that was generated. The percent FFA of the residual oil were 82% for thePseudomonas strain, and 62% for theAcinetobacter strain. The weight per epoxy value of the VO in the fermentation medium remained relatively constant over the incubation period, suggesting the lack of preference for either the epoxidized or nonepoxidized acids present in VO.
Persistent Upgaze Restriction after Orbital Floor Fracture Repair

Here we present two cases of marked postoperative upgaze restriction after successful repair of orbital floor fracture and release of inferior rectus entrapment. In both cases, follow-up imaging showed enlargement of the inferior rectus, and gradual resolution of gaze limitation was observed over several months of conservative management. Thus, in patients with postoperative findings suggestive of residual inferior rectus entrapment, follow-up imaging is indicated prior to returning to the operating room. With a markedly swollen inferior rectus muscle but no radiographic evidence of residual muscle entrapment in the fracture, a trial of conservative management may be warranted.
Analysis of expression and antigenicity of glycoprotein G gene in herpes simplex virus type 2

Objective To express the antigen of glycoprotein G,containing amino acid residues 321 ~ 580( gG321-580),in herpes simplex virus type 2 and study the antigenic characteristics. Methods The gG321-580gene was amplified by PCR and HSV-2 gG321-580with His-tag was expressed in Sf9 cells using Bac-to-Bac expression system. The expressed protein's activity was identified by Western blot and indirect ELISA. Results The gG321-580His was successfully expressed in Sf9 cells,which could combine with mouse anti-gG2 monoclonal antibody. SDS-PAGE had a specific binding strap in 60 KDa nearby. With ELISA test,the gG321-580His fusion protein could react with HSV-2 positive serum,but not with HSV-1 positive serum and normal human serum. Conclusion HSV-2 recombinant gG321-580His protein was successfully expressed. ELISA assay showed that the gG321-580His protein had good antigenicity,which will provide an experimental basis for type-specific serological diagnostic kit of HSV-2 with gG321-580protein as target area.
Clinical features and treatment effects in children with multiple sclerosis

objectives To improve diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis(MS) by analyzing the characteristics of clinical presentation,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and outcome in children with MS.Methods The medical records of 15 MS patients were analyzed by retrospective analysis.Results 15 MS patients(12 relapsing-remitting cases and 3 secondary-progressive cases) were included.14 of 15 cases(93.3%) were acute or sub-acute onset.There were 8 males and 7 females and mean age at the time of diagnosis was(7.4 3± 2.83) year(from 2.5 years to 11 years).Motor symptoms more often presented in patients with impaired vision(60.0%,9 /15),ataxia(40.0%,6 /15),paralysis(40.0%,6 /15).MRI showed typical multifocal lesions in 5 cases.Three to seven times of recurrence were developed in each of nine MS patients who have been followed up from 2 years to 16 years.Conclusions Incidence of childhood MS is much less than that of adults,and the diagnosing age is younger than 10 years old.Their initial presentation is optic neuritis.Enhanced MRI is a significant method for diagnosing MS.Glucocorticoids and Gammavenin showed a definite effect on childhood MS during acute phase.
Abstract 1624: Silencing of ERK2 reverses EMT and suppresses the CSC phenotype, inhibiting lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 overexpression. Patients with TNBC have a generally poor prognosis due to metastasis, high rates of recurrence, and lack of FDA-approved targeted therapies. We previously showed using functional proteomics that patients with high-ERK2-expressing TNBC tumors had a higher risk of death than those with low-ERK2-expressing tumors. Moreover, ERK2 but not ERK1 plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is required for acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC has a higher proportion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is linked to EMT, two critical features associated with breast cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence in patients. The MAPK signaling pathway is activated in TNBC, but the roles of ERK isoforms in tumor progression and metastasis are not well defined. We hypothesized that ERK2 but not ERK1 promotes EMT, the CSC phenotype, and metastasis in TNBC. Methods and Results: Knockdown of ERK2 in SUM149 and BT549 TNBC cells significantly inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation (p Conclusions and Future Directions: Our findings support our hypothesis, indicating that ERK2 promotes EMT and the CSC phenotype through EGR1 and mediates metastasis in TNBC. Future studies will determine ERK activity and pathway engagement using a novel peptide sensor based on the Sox fluorophore. We will pursue a therapeutic approach using siRNA against ERK2 incorporated in a DOTAP:cholesterol liposome. Citation Format: Mary Kathryn Pitner, Hitomi Saso, Richard Larson, Rachel M. Sammons, Huiqin Chen, Caimiao Wei, Gaurav Chauhan, Kimie Kondo, Naoto T. Ueno, Kevin Dalby, Bisrat G. Debeb, Chandra Bartholomeusz. Silencing of ERK2 reverses EMT and suppresses the CSC phenotype, inhibiting lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1624.
Tensions of subjectivity: The instability of queer polyamorous identity and community:

The experiences of polyamorous queer people highlights and extends existing questions around subjectivity and identity. This article examines a case study of three polyamorous and queer-identified women and their experiences and brings them into conversation with existing queer feminist scholarship theorizing subjectivity and happiness. In this analysis, I highlight the points of commonality and disjuncture in these women’s experiences and identities. By doing this, I am attentive to the available subject-positions for polyamorous people, their desires for sameness or commonality, and the ways that these desires are often disappointed.
General Overview of the Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), or “lap sleeve,” is the most recent addition to the commonly performed metabolic surgeries. The procedure was first described in 1993 as a part of the biliopancreatic diversion and subsequently began to be employed as the first part of a staged duodenal switch in the 2000s. Soon it was recognized that results from the sleeve gastrectomy alone were adequate for many patients, and the sleeve gastrectomy is now the fastest growing segment of bariatric surgery [1].
Conference Report on the MRS Meeting 2016

From 28 March to 1 April 2016, material scientists and engineers from across the world gathered in Phoenix (Figure 1) for the Materials Research Society (MRS) Meeting and Exhibit.Figure 1. (a) Booj...
Phase equilibria in the InRhAs system at 600 °C

Abstract Phase equilibria were established in the InRhAs system at 600 °C, using X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis. InAs was demonstrated to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with RhIn3, Rh3In5As2, RhAs2 and RhAs3. The phase Rh3In5As2, which has not been reported previously in the literature, was found to possess the cubic Ir3Ge7 (cI40, D8f) structure, with the lattice parameter α=0.91653±6 nm. A combination of X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis experiments indicated that Rh3In5As2 forms peritectically at 829±5 °C, according to the reaction: RhIn+L→Rh3In5As2. A schematic 50 at.% indium InRhAs phase diagram isopleth was proposed to illustrate this reaction. RhAs was found to dissolve 8 at.% indium. Rh9+xAs7 RhIn3 and RhIn also showed some ternary solubility. RhIn exhibited an appreciable range of binary homogeneity, extending from at least 44–49 at.% rhodium at 600 °C. The results of the present investigation suggest that RhIn3 would be most suitable as a thermodynamically stable, rhodium-based contact to InAs.
The other side of frontality: dorsality in European art cinema

AbstractFrontality is one of the most uniformly adopted principles of classical filmmaking. David Bordwell describes cinematic frontality as the positioning of actors’ faces and bodies in full, three-quarter, or profile view in relation to the camera—an approach to staging and composition inherited from the norms of traditional Western drama and painting. Bordwell explains that the convention of frontality is aimed at maximizing the expressivity and intelligibility of a film. Despite its dominance, however, several European filmmakers—including Agnes Varda, Michelangelo Antonioni, Bela Tarr, and the Dardenne brothers—often reject frontality and experiment with non-frontality, or what I refer to as dorsality. I argue that dorsality, as deployed by European art cinema practitioners, has three basic functions: (1) compositional defamiliarization, (2) denial of clear psychological/emotional access to characters, and (3) the exploration of what I will call “displaced point-of-view (POV)” alignment. These funct...
Fish Migration and the Unit Stock: Three Formative Debates

Publisher Summary This chapter presents three formative debates, which relate to pattern, process, and consequence of fish migration and the unit stock. These include: the effectiveness of cod hatcheries in fjords of southern Norway; evaluation of the parent stream theory for Pacific salmon; and the eel problem: Who contributes to population renewal processes?. These three examples of population structure in marine fishes support the strongly held views of Hjort and Gilbert that dynamics of living resources occurred within spatial domains defined by population migration circuits. There can be no doubt that salmon and most other marine fishes show varying degrees of homing. Fish commonly return to restricted spawning regions, and migration trajectories are seasonal and connect important reproductive, nursery, feeding, and winter habitats. Biodiversity in spatial behaviors within populations can have significant consequences on recruitment rates to regional fisheries, efficiency of hatchery enhancement programs, anthrophogenic effects due to degraded or lost habitats, exposure of fish to contaminants, and overall resiliency of a population, or metapopulation to longer term climate or anthropogenic change.
Developing a Business Plan for Your Gnotobiotics Program

Abstract With the recent rebirth in the use of gnotobiotic animals, many researchers are looking to establish gnotobiotic technology as part of their research program. Gnotobiotic animal colonies require rigorous attention to detail and strict management practices to maintain their microbial status. Because of intensity of these operations, the cost associated with maintaining these animals can be significant. Before considering the establishment of a gnotobiotic facility, an operational and business plan should be developed to assure all parties involved understand how the facility will operate and how it will be financially supported. There are many ways to operate and financially support these facilities, so that one size does not fit all. This chapter will outline the financial and management issues to be considered when establishing and operating a gnotobiotic facility and will guide the reader in preparing an operational business plan for the facility.
Introduction: Definition and Classification of Arterial Pressure Phenotypes

The title of this book and the range of topics that are covered in its chapters indicate a large, complex, and ever-growing body of medical science related to blood pressure and, in particular, the application of that science to care of a very large fraction of the globe’s human population [1]. The cardiovascular scientist defines blood pressure as the measured force upon the blood at some point from within the heart to the vascular tree from arteries to capillaries to veins and back to the pump. Clinicians usually refer to the measurement of pressure in the upper arm (brachial artery pressure). Much of the population may consider blood pressure to overlap with “pressure,” meaning mental stress related to the “pressure” of work, family concerns, and various threats. “Blood pressure” alone may not be the optimal term for all these perspectives, so that more precise and meaningful terms are truly needed for an accurate set of definitions that capture current research in this very important area of cardiovascular medicine.
Anesthetic Management for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

The adoption of minimally invasive approaches to cardiac surgery allow for decreased perioperative morbidity without any change to the efficacy of therapy. A growing body of literature has demonstrated decreased ICU length of stay, decreased transfusion requirements and shortened hospitalizations without increases in short or long term mortality when compared to conventional approaches to cardiac surgery. Patient selection is of critical importance as these procedures are paired with increased procedural duration, longer aortic cross clamp times and increased technical difficulty. The use of a minimally invasive approach requires a careful analysis of risks and benefits and deciding factors should include the right procedure by the right surgeon for the right patient, not just a smaller incision.
America's New Fuel Economy Cartel

The May 2009 Rose Garden ceremony for President Obama’s signing of new fuel efficiency mandates for automobiles was attended by a remarkable gathering of “bootleggers and Baptists” - “Baptist” environmentalists who were pleased to get a policy they desired, and “bootlegger” automakers who were pleased that they will no longer have to make business decisions that weigh the willingness of American consumers to trade-off fuel efficiency for other desirable characteristics such as safety, capacity, power, and comfort. The gathering marked the replacement of industrial capitalism with centralized political management of the auto market.
Vascular Physiology of the Nonpregnant Uterus

One would expect that a proper appreciation of uterine vascular responses during pregnancy would be dependent on an understanding of those basic factors that control blood flow to the nonpregnant uterus. This is the logical approach, but that is not how it happened. Prior to 1950, observations of both nonpregnant and pregnant uterine vascular changes consisted of descriptive morphology (Ramsey, 1949) and descriptive physiology. The latter was limited by the primitive technologies then available. In his classic studies, Markee (1932) described cyclic changes in endometrium transplanted into the eyes of rabbits. These correlated with the ovarian cycle. He also described the marked vasodilatation that followed estrogen stimulation. Similarly, MacLeod and Reynolds (1938) observed the “red hyperemia” that occurred in nonpregnant uteri after estrogen injection. Few other vascular responses were reported in nonpregnant animals.
Sustainable HRM in East and Southeast Asia

This chapter’s objective and contribution is to describe and analyze HRM systems in East and Southeast Asia, paying particular attention to the conditions that would permit the evolution of the current systems on a sustainable basis. First of all, we describe the current context in terms of the philosophy, architecture, policies and practices underlying the HRM systems. Their forces and weaknesses are analyzed in general term and in the key countries of the region. Then, are explored the possibility of development of sustainable HRM policies and practices taken into account the specific characteristics of the socio-cultural, political and economic environment. In this period of transition the characteristics of the systems that are observed in all key countries attempt to integrate sets of new concepts, practices and expectations developed in the region but also in the other parts of the world. They consider the concept of sustainability in a broader perspective, for example in incorporating the social and ecological dimensions. As a result it could be argued that they are more efficient and effective than before in some respects. However, the transformation is still incomplete and uncertain. The serious problems, notably of inclusiveness of important categories of human resources that are still observed put in question their sustainability in a long-term perspective if they are not tackled earnestly in the years to come.
Tau Phosphorylation Rates Measured by Mass Spectrometry Differ in the Intracellular Brain vs. Extracellular Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartments and Are Differentially Affected by Alzheimer’s Disease

Tau protein aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system contributes to the etiology of certain neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Though the mechanism of tau destabilization is not fully understood yet, tau protein has been found to be hyperphosphorylated in tau aggregates. To investigate this further, we developed a highly sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS) method using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to identify tau phosphorylation sites. This method enables us to compare the abundance of phosphorylation sites in tau proteins in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in humans with and without AD. We detected 29 distinct phosphorylated tau (p-tau) sites in full-length tau from soluble human brain lysate and 12 sites on truncated tau in CSF, mainly in the mid-domain. Brain soluble tau phosphorylation sites are localized on three domains including a proline-rich mid-domain, the C-terminus, and a cluster on the N-terminal projection domain not previously characterized. Some phosphorylation sites increased in CSF, while others decreased compared to brain. Notably, phosphorylation on T205 and S208, recognized by AT8 antibody defining Braak stages of brain tau aggregation, were not detected in normal brain soluble tau but were found in the CSF. Comparison of the p-tau rates from the brain and the CSF indicated that the abundance of phosphorylated sites varied in a site-specific manner. CSF tau proteins from non-AD participants were significantly hyperphosphorylated on T111, T205, S208, T217 and T231. In AD CSF, hyperphosphorylation on these sites was exacerbated, and phosphorylation on T153 and T175 specifically were detected. This supports the hypothesis that tau hyperphosphorylation could be a physiological process amplified by AD pathology. Conversely, we found that S202 was hypophosphorylated in CSF and was not hyperphosphorylated in AD, demonstrating that p-tau isoforms could have different metabolisms depending on which sites are phosphorylated. These site-specific p-tau rates are independent of tau concentration and distinct of current CSF tau and p-tau assays measuring tau isoforms levels. Targeted MS multiplexing ability and high-throughput capacity lets us envision the use of these new p-tau measurements as promising biomarkers for AD diagnosis and tracking therapeutic responses.
Medical Management of Uric Acid Stones

Uric acid stones, the second most common type of kidney stones, are associated with significant morbidity. Risk factors include low urine volume, increased uric acid production or excretion, a high-purine diet, and acidic urinary pH. Dietary recommendations to prevent uric acid stones include increasing fluids to produce greater than 2 liters of urine a day and a reduction of animal protein and alcohol. The last two measures decrease uric acid production. Observational data suggest dietary fructose reduction confers benefit. A vegetarian, low sodium diet, rich in citrate containing foods may be most beneficial. Pharmacologic approaches include oral citrate or bicarbonate therapy to increase urinary pH or xanthine oxidase inhibitors to decrease uric acid production.
Campus conservation initiatives: factors influencing student engagement, attitudes and behaviours

College campuses play a primary role in promoting and facilitating sustainability and pro-environmental behaviour. While many studies have focused on campus sustainability efforts, few have specifically focused on how students interact with campus conservation initiatives, factors that influence these interactions, and how interactions are related to attitudes and behaviours. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence student engagement with campus conservation initiatives, and the relationships between engagement, demographics, attitudes, and behaviours. Analyses revealed more similarities than differences between demographic groups, and the differences that were found were too small to be of practical importance. Of greater importance was the finding that student who had been exposed to conservation projects via a course or professor showed greater overall engagement and more frequent participation in pro-environmental behaviours. Path analyses suggest that student engagement with campus conservation initiatives and general environmental attitudes can be used to predict pro-environmental behaviours.
Reaction Path Approach to Dynamics at a Gas-Solid Interface: Quantum Tunneling Effects for an Adatom on a non-rigid Metallic Surface

Chemical reactions occurring on metal surfaces are of great technological importance, especially for catalysis.1–6 Diffusion of reagents on the surface is a critical step in many such reactions.1,2,7–9 Surface diffusion is also important in molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, and controlled growth of thin films.10 Diffusion of hydrogen atoms is particularly interesting from a theoretical point of view because of the large quantum mechanical tunneling contributions to this process.11–38 Laser-induced thermal desorption, field emission fluctuation, and linear optical diffraction techniques have been used to study hydrogen diffusion on several metals, including Ni, W, Ru, Pt, Rh, and Cu.39–62 Theoretical studies of these processes can complement the data available from these experiments and can eventually be used to study subsurface and bulk diffusion processes more accurately than may be allowed by current experiments. These subsurface and bulk processes are fundamental for energy storage and fuel cell development, hydrogen embrittlement, and the possibility of subsurface hydrogen in catalysis.
Digital Projection Speckle Technique for Fringe Generation

Shadow moire technique has been a widely utilized method in industry to determine surface flatness, out-of-plane displacement, and 3D metrology. In this paper, we present a digitized speckle method analogous to the shadow moire method. A randomly generated speckle pattern is first projected onto a screen and digitally recorded. The same pattern is projected onto a specimen and digitally recorded as well. The two images are then converted into TIFF files to be superimposed and processed using a Fourier transform based algorithm to generate fringes that are similar to shadow moire fringes. Additionally, a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) software was used to generate fringes that are similar to shadow moire fringes. The technique is simple and straightforward. We apply the technique to a variety of specimens to demonstrate its applicability.
Update on Diagnostic Performance of PET/MRI in Gynecological Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for gynecological cancers of the pelvis based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. Patients and Methods: A systematic literature search for original diagnostic studies was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science. The methodological quality of each study was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Data necessary for entry in 2 × 2 contingency tables were obtained, and patients, study, and imaging characteristics were extracted from the selected articles. Statistical analysis included data pooling, heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analyses, forest plotting, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve construction. Result: Twelve studies met our predefined inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Patient-based analysis, the pooled sensitivity rate, specificity rate, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 18F-FDG PET/MRI in diagnosis of gynecological malignancies were 74.2% (95% confidence interval, 66.2–80.8%), 89.8% (95% CI, 82.2–94.3%), 26 (95% CI, 10–67), and 0.834, respectively. On lesion-based analysis, the pooled sensitivity rate, specificity rate, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve were 87.5% (95% CI, 75.8–94.0%), 88.2% (95% CI, 84.2–91.3%), 50 (95% CI, 23–111), and 0.922, respectively. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that 18F-FDG PET/MRI is a promising diagnostic method for primary tumors, nodal staging, and recurrence in patients with gynecological malignancies of the pelvis.
Towards quantitative photoacoustic tomography for partial view array transducers

One of the challenges of quantitative Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is unmixing the optical absorption (μa) of the tissue from system response (C) and Gruneisen parameter (Γ). In this study, we have calculated the absorption coefficient and functional parameters, i.e. total hemoglobin (tHb) and oxygen saturation (sO2) of 5 blood tubes with sO2 values ranging from 24.9% to 97.6% at different depths in intralipid solution. Beer’s law is used to calculate the optical fluence in the target area. Initial values for μa and C×Γ are found by fitting a line to the log of PA beam data. These initial values are iteratively updated using a conjugate gradient method. This process is repeated for all 11 wavelengths. The absorption coefficient spectrum follows the molar extinction coefficient spectrum of deoxy hemoglobin for lower sO2 percentages, and it becomes closer to the spectrum of oxy hemoglobin when the sO2 percentage increases. The calculated absorption coefficients at 11 wavelengths are used to estimate the absolute value of the tHb and sO2 of each blood sample at different depths. The mean error of the estimated tHb values for blood tubes at all depths with respect to the real values are less than 13%. Moreover, the largest sO2 estimation error is 7.5% for the blood sample with sO2 of 24.9%. Our quantitative PA method performed well for the data collected from blood samples. We are investigating this method on our clinical data.
The Influence of Religious Involvement on Intimate Partner Violence Victimization via Routine Activities Theory.

Routine activities theory attempts to explain victimization by examining how one’s behavior, or routine activities, increases or decreases their likelihood of victimization. It has been postulated ...
The Ethnobotany of Eden: Rethinking the Jungle Medicine Narrative: Robert A. Voeks. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2018. xxi and 328 pp., notes, index, references. $45.00 cloth (ISBN 9780226547718); $10–45 ebook (ISBN 9780226547855).

When I first received The Ethnobotany of Eden, I assumed that the work would serve as a compilation of Robert A. Voeks’s extensive research and subsequent publications based on his decades of field...
Internal Control Quality and Information Asymmetry in the Secondary Loan Market

We examine the association between disclosure of internal control deficiencies (ICDs) and information asymmetry (IA) in the U.S. secondary loan market. We also investigate which types of ICDs intensify or mitigate conditions of information asymmetry in the same market. Relying on loan syndication, loan credit rating, financial debt covenants and loan size, we further explore the effect of loan specific characteristics on the association between ICDs and IA. Consistent with our predictions, we find that while ICDs increase information asymmetry in the secondary loan market, the inimitable characteristics in the secondary loan market (e.g., syndication, loan credit rating, financial covenants, and loan size) help to mitigate such negative consequences of the disclosure of ICDs on the firm’s informational environment. We further find that disclosures of ICDs for firms in regulated industries help to mitigate the negative consequences of ICDs disclosures on IA.