cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord stimulation in severe, inoperable peripheral vascular disease.

Objective. To assess the effect of spinal cord stimulation in patients with severe, inoperable peripheral vascular disease, and uncontrolled pain. Patients and methods. A case study of 20 patients with end-stage peripheral vascular disease, either Fontaine Class 3 or 4 limb ischemia. All 20 patients implanted with spinal cord stimulation devices with follow-up from one to five years (mean, 32 months) performed in a multidisciplinary pain treatment center. Results. In the 20 patients implanted with a spinal cord stimulator for peripheral vascular disease, overall there was 75% limb salvage; with Fontaine Class 3 patients there was 86% and with Fontaine Class 4 patients, 69% limb salvage of the treated limbs. Conclusions. Twenty patients with end-stage peripheral vascular disease were implanted with spinal cord stimulators and followed for five years, until amputation or end of life, showing excellent results for limb salvage and minimal complications. The current literature regarding the use of spinal cord stimulation for peripheral vascular disease is reviewed, supporting its benefit for limb salvage and pain relief.
A pioneering countermeasure against measles virus.

Measles virus (MeV) is a morbillivirus from the paramyxoviridae family that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease that generally afflicts young children. MeV infection generally occurs in unvaccinated children and can lead to fever, nasal discharge, a cough, and a distinctive rash all over the body. In addition, approximately one in ten children also gets an ear infection, and 1 in 20 may develop pneumonia. Further, a person with measles is contagious 4 days before the symptoms are apparent, and MeV infection can be fatal or cause neurological complications.
Sense of Self: Voices of Separation and Connection in Women Who Have Experienced Abuse

Les resultats d'etudes qualitatives menees aupres de survivantes de violence conjugale suggerent que le sens du soi des femmes violentees constitue un element fondamental dans la prise de decision de quitter la relation violente. Cette etude qualitative a ete entreprise, en partie, pour identifier comment les femmes se percoivent elles-memes, notamment pour mettre en lumiere le discours de connexion et de separation vehicule dans les recits. Cet article presente les resultats des entrevues menees aupres de 18 femmes vivant en regions rurales, possedant des antecedents culturels differents et ayant vecu ou vivant encore dans une situation de violence conjugale. Les femmes ont repondu a la question suivante : « Comment vous decririez-vous a vous-meme? » Les reponses ont ete lues en utilisant la methode interpretative, laquelle fait appel a la lecture des recits en s'adressant au soi et a l'entite morale. La theorie du developpement moral a ete utilisee dans l'elaboration du cadre de recherche. Les experiences du soi issues des recits sont presentees comme des experiences de separation et de connexion qui sont progressivement interreliees. Les liens entre ces voix et le developpement moral ainsi que les consequences sur la pratique infirmiere et la recherche a venir font l'objet d'une discussion.
Joint Dislocations in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Joint dislocations occur in the pediatric population and frequently present to the emergency department. Varying degrees of skeletal maturity and the differences of each individual joint mean that management of dislocations requires a unique set of skills. A thorough understanding of classification systems and anatomy is necessary for effective communication with orthopedic consultants as well as in avoiding pitfalls. Knowledge of the likely mechanisms of injury involved can aid in a targeted evaluation and correct diagnosis. Emergency department management, follow-up, and potential complications are all important for the emergency care provider to effectively treat these injuries. Dislocations of the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and patella are among the most commonly encountered injuries in children and are reviewed here.
Progress towards zero, an international comparison: Improvements in traffic fatality from 1990 to 2010 for different age groups in the USA and 15 of its peers.

INTRODUCTION: In January 2015, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) announced that the official target of the federal government transportation safety policy was zero deaths. Having a better understanding of traffic fatality trends of various age cohorts-and to what extent the US is lagging other countries-is a crucial first step to identifying policies that may help the USDOT achieve its goal. METHOD: In this paper we analyze fatality rates for different age cohorts in developed countries to better understand how road traffic fatality patterns vary across countries by age cohort. Using benchmarking analysis and comparative index analysis based on panel data modelling and data for selected years between 1990 and 2010, we compare changes in the rate of road traffic fatality over time, as well as the absolute level of road traffic fatality for six age groups in the US, with 15 other developed countries. RESULTS-CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrate tremendous variations in road fatality rates (both in terms of the absolute values and the rates of improvement over time) among different age cohorts in all of the 16 countries. Looking specifically at the US, our analysis shows that safety improvements for Youngsters (15-17 years old) was much better than for other age groups, and closely tracked peer countries. In sharp contrast, Children (0-14 years old) and Seniors (+65 years old) in the US, fare very poorly when compared to peer countries. For example, in 2010, Children in the US were a stunning five times more likely to experience a road traffic fatality than Children in the UK. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This startling statistic suggests an immediate need to explore further the causes and potential solutions to these disparities. This is especially important if countries, including the US, are to achieve the ambitious goals set out in Zero Vision initiatives.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and National Safety Council. All rights reserved. Language: en
Solar rotation, 1966 1978

Photospheric and chromospheric spectroscopic Doppler rotation rates for the full solar disk are analyzed for the period July, 1966 to July, 1978. An approximately linear secular increase of the equatorial rate of 3.7% for these 12 years is found (in confirmation of Howard, 1976). The high latitude rates above 65 ° appear to vary with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 8%, or more, phased to the sunspot cycle such that the most rapid rotation occurs at, or following, solar maximum. The chromosphere, as indicated by Hα, has continued to rotate on the average 3% faster than the photosphere agreeing with past observations. Sources of error are discussed and evaluated.
Measurement of Quick of Copper,Manganese and Cobalt Content in Carbonyl Nickel Powder

Chiefly simple the stating of this paper uses air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrometry to go on the measurement of quick that the carbonyl nickel powder in the copper,magnesium and cobalt.The deviation RSD1.0% comparing to standard value.The standard adding recovery is in the range of 97.0%~99.0%.The use of the method fully suited to the control of copper,magnesium and cobalt.the practice shows that the method is fully suited to measure the content of copper,magnesium and cobalt in carbonyl nickel powder.
Barrier dysfunction and pathogenesis of neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis (Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome)

Neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis (NLSDI; Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome) is an ichthyosiform syndrome, often associated with mutations in a lipid hydrolase, CGI-58. The presence of oil red O-positive, neutral lipid droplets in tissue biopsies, and/or in leukocytes on blood smears, coupled with a constellation of multisystem abnormalities and a pruritic ichthyosiform erythroderma, are together diagnostic of NLSDI. We investigated the pathogenesis of the ichthyosiform erythroderma in patients from three unrelated kindreds with a clinical diagnosis of NLSDI. Basal permeability barrier function and stratum corneum (SC) integrity were abnormal, but barrier recovery rates were faster than normal, as in atopic dermatitis. The basal barrier abnormality was linked to the secretion of lipid micro-inclusions, first segregated within lamellar bodies (LB), which then form a non-lamellar phase within the SC interstices, shown by combined ruthenium tetroxide post-fixation and lipid-retaining resin-white embedding. With colloidal lanthanum nitrate perfusion, excess water/solute movement was restricted to the SC interstices, and further localized to non-lamellar domains. Phase separation of excess stored lipid provides a unifying pathogenic mechanism not only for NLSDI, but also in several other inherited ichthyosiform disorders of lipid metabolism, such as recessive X-linked ichthyosis and type 2 Gaucher's disease.
PunkCore: developing an application profile for the culture of punk

PunkCore is a Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP) for the description of the culture of Punk, including its music, its places, its fashions, its artistic expression through film and art, and its artifacts such as fliers, patches, buttons, and other ephemera. The structure of PunkCore is designed to be simple enough for non-experts yet specific enough to meet the needs of information professionals and to capture the unique qualities of materials classified as Punk. In the interest of interoperability and adoptability, PunkCore is drawn from existing metadata schema, and the development of PunkCore is intended to be open and collaborative to appeal to the entire Punk community. Our poster illustrates the initial development of the PunkCore standard and outlines future plans to bring PunkCore to the community. The PunkCore DCAP is in its first phase of development, which follows Singapore Framework stages 1 and 2, including the creation of a functional requirements document and domain model. In order to capture the specificity of Punk culture, a preliminary genre vocabulary has been also been developed. The functional requirements document, domain model, and genre vocabulary will be published on a wiki for community discussion and feedback. The remaining phases of development, including the creation of a description set profile and usage guidelines, will be initiated following our review of community interest and comments. The ultimate goal of this DCAP is to reach the Punk community and achieve broad adoption. The outcome of our work would aid in the effective acquisition and dissemination of Punk materials, or their metadata, in a variety of settings. Our project will also be useful to other niche communities documenting their cultural contributions because it provides a model that incorporates community outreach with traditional metadata development to lend more credibility and visibility to the end result.
In Situ Labeling of DNA Breaks and Apoptosis by T7 DNA Polymerase

The native T7 DNA polymerase is a fast and highly processive enzyme which can be used for in situ detection of apoptosis and various types of DNA breaks. The technique is quick and simple, and was shown to label earlier stages of apoptosis compared to the terminal transferase technique. The in situ labeling applications of T7 DNA polymerase are presented and summarized from the DNA damage detection standpoint. The detailed protocols are provided together with the discussion of their advantages and limitations.
Using the CDC Guideline and Tools for Opioid Prescribing in Patients with Chronic Pain

The new CDC guideline is intended to help clinicians decide whether and how to prescribe opioids for chronic pain; offer safer, more effective care for patients with chronic pain; improve clinician-patient communication; and prevent opioid use disorder and opioid-related overdose.
On Modelling Individual Rights: Some Conceptual Issues

The purpose of this paper is to review some conceptual issues relating to individual rights in the theory of social choice and welfare economics. In his path-breaking contribution, Sen (1970a, 1970b) introduced the first formal formulation of individual rights in social choice theory. Since then, several writers have raised critical questions regarding the appropriateness of this formulation and have explored alternative approaches: see Nozick (1974), Bernholz (1974), Gardenfors (1981), Gibbard (1982), Barry (1985), Sugden (1981, 1985a), Gaertner, Pattanaik and Suzumura (1992), Gaertner (1993), Suzumura (1990), Deb (1989, 1990), Pattanaik (1994a, 1994b), Pattanaik and Suzumura (1994a, 1994b) and Seidl (1986). These questions, in their turn, have led Sen (1983, 1992) and Riley (1989, 1990) to defend and elaborate further the original formulation of Sen. While the debate has clarified several points, there still remain many ambiguities and disagreements even about what would seem to be purely logical points. In this paper, I seek to pursue further some of these issues that have emerged from several recent contributions; see Gaertner, Pattanaik and Suzumura (1992), Sen (1992) and Riley (1989, 1990) among others.
Global and multi-input-multi-output (mimo) extensions of the algorithm of mode isolation (ami)

A wide range of dynamic systems can be approximated as linear and time invariant, for which a wealth of tools are available to characterize or modify their dynamic characteristics. Experimental modal analysis (EMA) is a procedure whereby the natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes which parameterize vibratory, linear, time invariant systems are derived from experimentally measured response data. EMA is commonly applied in a multitude of applications, for example, to generate experimental models of dynamic systems, validate finite element models and to characterize dissipation in vibratory systems. Recent EMA has also been used to characterize damage or defects in a variety of systems. The Algorithm of Mode Isolation (AMI), presented by Drexel and Ginsberg in 2001, employs a unique strategy for modal parameter estimation in which modes are sequentially identified and subtracted from a set of FRFs. Their natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode vectors are then refined through an iterative procedure. This contrasts conventional multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) identification algorithms, most of which attempt to identify all of the modes of a system simultaneously. This dissertation presents a hybrid multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) implementation of the algorithm of mode isolation that improves the performance of AMI for systems with very close or weakly excited modes. The algorithmic steps are amenable to semi-automatic identification, and many FRFs can be processed efficiently and without concern for ill-conditioning, even when many modes are identified. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on noise contaminated analytical response data from two systems having close modes, one of which has localized modes while the other has globally responsive modes. The results are compared with other popular algorithms. MIMO-AMI is also applied to experimentally obtained data from shaker excited tests of the Z24 highway bridge, demonstrating the algorithm's performance on a data set typical of many EMA applications. Considerations for determining the number of modes active in the frequency band of interest are addressed, and the results obtained are compared to those found by other groups of researchers.
De Facto Desegregation in the Urban North: Voices of African American Teachers and Principals on Employment, Students, and Community in Columbus, Ohio, 1940 to 1980.

This research explores the historical development of African American teacher and principal hiring and placement in Columbus, Ohio, from 1940 to 1980. In 1909, the Columbus Board of Education estab...
Intracoronary arterial occlusion: a novel technique potentially useful for ablation of cardiac arrhythmias.

To develop a new technique for ablating arrhythmias by interruptingcoronary perfusion of the myocardium, we studied six mongrel dogs, weighing20–35 kg. Under angiographic guidance a microcatheter (1.0 mmdiameter) was introduced into a branch of the left anterior descending orposterior descending coronary artery. A detachable platinum coil (0.0254 cmdiameter, 3 cm length) soldered onto a stainless-steel delivery wire(Guglielmi) was inserted through the microcatheter and advanced to occludethe arterial branch. A 0.5-mA electric current applied to the proximal endof the delivery wire resulted in intravascular thrombosis due to attractionof the negatively charged blood cells, platelets, and fibrinogen to thepositively charged platinum coil. In approximately 4.5 minutes, as thethrombus was formed, electric current dissolved the soldering and detachedthe platinum coil from the delivery wire. Electrocardiograms showed focalST-T changes but no ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Pathologic studiesrevealed thrombosis around the platinum coil and well-demarcated focalischemia/infarction that was correlated with elevation of cardiac enzymes.We conclude that intracoronary arterial embolization and electrothrombosisusing an electrolytic platinum coil can be selectively performed in a verysmall coronary arterial branch, resulting in a limited area of myocardialdamage. This technique is potentially useful for ablating arrhythmias andmay be safer and more controllable than intracoronary alcohol infusion..
Channel modeling and performance of Zigbee radios in an industrial environment

In this paper we describe measurements of wireless propagation characteristics to develop path loss models in industrial environments. The models for path loss we develop are two-slope models in which the path loss is a piecewise linear relation with the log distance. That is, the path loss is a inverse power law with two regions, two exponents and a break point, that are optimized to find the best fit to the measured data. Second, the multipath power delay profile is determined. We use a reference measurement and the CLEAN algorithm for processing the measurements in order to determine an estimate for the impulse response of the channel. From this the delay spread of the channel can be determined. Finally we discuss the performance of Zigbee receivers. We compare the performance of different receiver structures for the O-QPSK type of modulation used as one Zigbee physical layer.
The Archaeological Study of the Military Dependents Villages of Taiwan

In this chapter we consider military dependents’ villages (MDV), juancun, of Taiwan as a subject for the archaeological study of modern ruins. MDVs were built in Taiwan after the retreat of the Nationalist Government from Mainland China to Taiwan at the end of the Chinese Civil War between 1945 and 1949. In order to settle a large number of military personnel and their dependents from Mainland China, more than 800 MDVs were built as temporary settlements throughout Taiwan beginning in the 1950s. Since the retreat was supposed to be temporary, these MDVs were built simply. However, the plan to invade Mainland China was never realized because of the changing political situation. As a result, the MDVs became long-term settlements for the diaspora group, Waishengren. Beginning in the 1970s, the government initiated programs to reconstruct the MDVs. Since then, many MDVs have been reconstructed to serve as public housing or other public buildings. Some of the MDVs have already been torn down, but no construction has been done yet. A small number of MDVs have remained intact and are awaiting reconstruction; the villagers now moved elsewhere. These decaying MDVs became an obstacle for urban renewal. However, in recent years, some of the MDVs have been preserved for their social value. Some of them were preserved because of their representation of the Waishengren identity and others were preserved of artistic value. Our research examines the construction, destruction, ruination, and reuse of MDVs in the past 60 years. We argue that this contemporary archaeological project concerning the social life of modern ruins will provide us with new perspective to interpret how a settlement is built, remodeled, and rebuilt in any archaeological context.
Dynamic intersections and self-driving vehicles

Connected and automated vehicles are expected to be at the core of future intelligent transportation systems. One of the main practical challenges for self-driving vehicles on public roads is safe cooperation and collaboration among multiple vehicles when conflicts arise on shared road segments. Intersections controlled by traffic lights and stop signs are common examples of such potential conflicts, and cooperative protocols for such intersections have been studied. On the other hand, there are many different types of shared road segments. In this paper, we study Dynamic Intersections that might appear almost anytime and anywhere on public roads and that might lead to automobile accidents. We consider how a self-driving vehicle can safely navigate these dynamic intersections by using sensor-based perception and inter-vehicle communications. We present a cooperative protocol for dynamic intersections which can be used by self-driving vehicles for safely coordinating with other vehicles. Under our protocol, self-driving vehicles can also create a vehicular communication-based traffic manager named Cyber Traffic Light when the area is congested. A cyber traffic light functions as a self-optimizing traffic light by estimating the traffic volumes and by wirelessly coordinating among multiple self-driving vehicles. Our simulation results show that our protocol has higher traffic throughput, compared to simple traffic protocols while ensuring safety.
Chess Piece Recognition Using Oriented Chamfer Matching with a Comparison to CNN

Recognizing three dimensional chess pieces using computer vision is needed for an augmented reality chess assistant. This paper proposes an efficient 3D pieces recognition approach based on oriented chamfer matching. During a real game, the pieces might be occluded by other pieces and have varying rotation and scales with respect to the camera. Furthermore, different pieces share lots of similar texture features which makes them more difficult to identify. Our approach addresses the above problems and is capable of identifying the pieces with different scales, rotation and viewing angles. After marking the possible chessboard squares that contain pieces, the oriented chamfer scores are calculated for alternative templates and the recognized pieces are indicated on the input image accordingly. Our approach shows high recognition accuracy and efficiency in experiments and the recognition process can be easily generalized to other pattern recognition applications with 3D templates. Our approach outperforms the convolutional neural networks under severe occlusion and low resolution conditions and has comparative processing time while avoids the time consuming training process.
Metrics and evaluation tools for patient engagement in healthcare organization-and system-level decision-making: A systematic review

Background Patient, public, consumer, and community (P2C2) engagement in organization-, community-, and systemlevel healthcare decision-making is increasing globally, but its formal evaluation remains challenging. To define a taxonomy of possible P2C2 engagement metrics and compare existing evaluation tools against this taxonomy, we conducted a systematic review. Methods A broad search strategy was developed for English language publications available from January 1962 through April 2015 in PubMed, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO, EconLit, and the gray literature. A publication was excluded if: (1) the setting was not healthcare delivery (ie, we excluded non-health sectors, such as urban planning; research settings; and public health settings not involving clinical care delivery); (2) the P2C2 engagement was episodic; or (3) the concept of evaluation or possible evaluation metrics were absent. To be included as an evaluation tool, publications had to contain an evaluative instrument that could be employed with minimal modification by a healthcare organization. Results A total of 199 out of 3953 publications met exclusion and inclusion criteria. These were qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis to create a comprehensive taxonomy of 116 possible metrics for evaluating P2C2 engagement. 44 outcome metrics were grouped into three domains (internal, external, and aggregate outcomes) that included six subdomains: impact on engagement participants, impact on services provided by the healthcare organization, impact on the organization itself, influence on the broader public, influence on population health, and engagement cost-effectiveness. The 72 process metrics formed four domains (direct process metrics; surrogate process metrics; aggregate process metrics; and preconditions for engagement) that comprised sixteen subdomains. We identified 23 potential tools for evaluating P2C2 engagement. The identified tools were published between 1973-2015 and varied in their coverage of the taxonomy, methodology used (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed), and intended evaluators (organizational leaders, P2C2 participants, external evaluators, or some combination). Parts of the metric taxonomy were absent from all tools. Conclusions By comprehensively mapping potential outcome and process metrics as well as existing P2C2 engagement tools, this review supports high-quality P2C2 engagement globally by informing the selection of existing evaluation tools and identifying gaps where new tools are needed. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42015020317
Sink pixels in the HST wide-field channel 3 CCDs

Isolated pixels with anomalously-low signal in otherwise normal Hubble Space Telescope Wide-Field Channel 3 (HST/WFC3) CCD data have been dubbed 'sink pixels' or SPs. The SPs appear to contain an exceptionally large number of charge traps and thus, they capture a commensurate amount of charge during readout. The effects of the sinks on science data depend on a number of factors including the image background, SP distance from the amplifier, and data epoch. In images with high backgrounds, the sinks act as essentially negative delta-functions, impacting a relatively small number of pixels. In contrast, in images with low backgrounds, the sinks can remove charge from a significant number of trailing pixels generating trough-like profiles. In this paper, we characterize the sink pixels, evaluate their effect on science data, and summarize how the sinks are flagged in the calibration pipeline.
The Digital Differential Analyzer

This chapter discusses the digital differential analyzer. Differential analyzers are analog machines. They are based on the observation that, in general, a physical system can be represented by a group of elements interconnected so that disturbances of one or more elements are coupled to other elements. This is the basis for the derivation of differential equations in the first place. The differential equation specifies the variables of interest in a system and the manner in which they are interrelated. It follows that if one has a set of idealized elements, analogous in behavior to the elements of a system to be investigated, one can use the differential equation of the system to indicate how these elements must be interconnected; two systems are considered analogous if their elements have similar physical and/or abstract attributes and the elements are similarly interrelated in each. Electronic analog differential analyzers use the integrating characteristic of a capacitor in conjunction with operational amplifiers to produce linearity. The accuracy of the electronic analog devices is also limited and involves long-term drift problems that are overcome only with highly engineered critical circuits.
Lipid Enzymes: Lipases, Lipoxygenases, and “Hydroperoxidases”

The enzymic pathways by which glyceride lipid is converted into oxygenated fatty acids are reviewed. Sequential reactions start with hydrolysis of glycerides, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids released by lipolysis usually are oxidized enzymically to either hydroperoxides or endoperoxides. The hydroperoxide or endoperoxide fatty acids subsequently are converted into various oxygenated fatty acids and/or volatiles, many of which function as biologically important compounds.
Identification of Parametric (NARMAX) Models from Estimated Volterra Kernels

A method for Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving-Average with exogenous input (NARMAX) model identification is proposed that is based on Volterra kernel estimates obtained from input-output data. The method relies on the fundamental relations between Volterra kernels and the parameters of NARMAX models, which are derived using “generalized harmonic balance”. The method identifies different order terms of the NARMAX model separately (up to 3rd-order), allowing easier determination of the structure of the NARMAX model and yielding better parameter estimates. Simulation results are compared with the prediction-error stepwise-regression estimation algorithm introduced by Billings and Voon (1986) and show that the proposed method yields more accurate parameter estimates in the presence of noise.
The Balanced Scorecard i Norge: En studie av konseptets utviklingsforløp fra 1992 til 2011 (The Balanced Scorecard in Norway: A Study of the Concept's Evolution Pattern from 1992 to 2011)

Norwegian abstract: The Balanced Scorecard er et av de mest kjente konseptene innen okonomi- og virksomhetsstyring. Siden konseptet ble lansert i 1992 har det fatt mye oppmerksomhet bade fra forskere og praktikere. Konseptet har blitt utbredt i mange land, inkludert i Norge hvor konseptet ofte blir omtalt som «Balansert Malstyring». I artikkelen presenteres en casestudie av The Balanced Scorecards utviklingsforlop i Norge. Studien indikerer at konseptet var svaert populaert rundt artusenskiftet, men at konseptets popularitet ikke har dabbet av i like stor grad som kunne forventes basert pa ledelsesmoteteori. I stedet viser dataene at konseptet har blitt en del av det som regnes som «god praksis» innen okonomi- og virksomhetsstyring i Norge. Det kan dermed hevdes at konseptet har blitt institusjonalisert, og at det er noe mer enn kun en forbigaende mote. Disse resultatene diskuteres i lys av litteraturen om Balanced Scorecard og ledelsesmoter. English Abstract: The Balanced Scorecard is one of the most well-known concepts in the field of management accounting and control. Since its introduction in 1992, the Balanced Scorecard has been the subject of much attention in academic research and in practice. The concept has diffused to many countries and regions, including Norway, where the concept is often referred to as "balansert malstyring". This article presents a case study of the concept's evolution pattern in the Norwegian context. The study shows that the Balanced Scorecard concept was very popular around the turn of the century, but also that the concept's popularity has not fallen as much as would be predicted by management fashion theory. Instead, the data show that the concept has become "good practice" in Norway. It can therefore be argued that the concept has become institutionalized, and that it has become an "enduring fashion". Towards the end of the paper these results are discussed in relation to extant research on Balanced Scorecard and theories of management fashions.
Libel or Not? The War of Words between Lajos Kossuth and New York Editor James Watson Webb

Although three notable American editors opposed Lajos Kossuth before and during his visit to the United States in 1851-52, the most influential was arguably James Watson Webb, editor of the New York Courier and Enquirer ( NYCE ). Webb had been appointed by President Zachary Taylor to be Charge d’Affaires to Vienna in 1849 but had neglected to wait for confirmation by the Senate before traveling to Vienna. When the Senate rejected his appointment by an overwhelming vote, an embittered Webb was obliged to return to the United States. Although Webb had made many political enemies, the public reason given for his Senate rejection was that body intended to keep the post vacant as a “punishment” for Austria’s brutal suppression of the Hungarian rebels after their defeat in August 1849. Webb allegedly held Kossuth responsible for his rejected nomination, and upon returning to the United States and resuming the day-to-day operations of the NYCE , the paper's coverage of Hungary and Kossuth turned negative. During his visit to New York, Kossuth hinted that the Austrians might have bribed a certain New York editor to publish falsehoods about the Hungarian War of Independence. Webb took this hint as a personal attack and demanded an explanation from Kossuth, who never clearly explained which editor he was referring to.
HELIX: a case study of a formal verification of high performance program generation

In this paper, we present HELIX, a formally verified operator language and rewriting engine for generation of high-performance implementation for a variety of linear algebra algorithms. Based on the existing SPIRAL system, HELIX adds the rigor of formal verification of its correctness using Coq proof assistant. It formally defines two domain-specific languages: HCOL, which represents a computation data flow and Σ-HCOL, which extends HCOL with iterative computations. A framework for automatically proving semantic preservation of expression rewriting for both languages is presented. The structural properties of the dataflow graph which allow efficient compilation are formalized, and a monadic approach to tracking them and to reasoning about structural correctness of Σ-HCOL expressions is presented.
Incentive properties of coincident peak pricing

Coincident peak pricing is used in several electricity markets to recover the embedded cost of infrastructure, such as transmission. In this approach, measured consumption at the time of the peak is used to set charges for that pricing period or a subsequent period. If transmission costs are truly sunk, then such a recovery is unlikely to be efficient. However, in the context of growing peak demand, new additions must be built. We consider the incentive properties of coincident peak pricing when related investments are not considered to be sunk, finding that it can reproduce the incentive properties of an ideal time-varying price. We also consider several variations on this assumption.
6-MOMIPP, a novel brain-penetrant anti-mitotic indolyl-chalcone, inhibits glioblastoma growth and viability

3-(6-Methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propene-1-one (6-MOMIPP) is a novel indole-based chalcone that disrupts microtubules. The present study aims to define the mechanism through which 6-MOMIPP induces cell death and to evaluate the efficacy of the compound in penetrating the blood–brain barrier and inhibiting growth of glioblastoma xenografts. The effects of 6-MOMIPP were evaluated in cultured U251 glioblastoma cells, using viability, flow cytometry, and tubulin polymerization assays. Scintillation proximity and tubulin crosslinking methods were used to identify the binding site of 6-MOMIPP on tubulin, and western blots were performed to define the signaling pathways that contribute to cell death. LC/MS assays were used to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of 6-MOMIPP in mice. Subcutaneous and intracerebral xenograft models were utilized to assess the effects of 6-MOMIPP on growth of U251 glioblastoma in vivo. The findings indicate that 6-MOMIPP targets the colchicine site on β-tubulin. At concentrations ≥ 250 nm, 6-MOMIPP induces mitotic arrest, caspase activation and loss of cell viability. Cells are protected by caspase inhibitors, pointing to an apoptotic mechanism of cell death. Loss of cell viability is preceded by activation of Cdk1(Cdc2) and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Inhibition of both events with a Cdk1 inhibitor prevents cell death. 6-MOMIPP has broad activity against the viability of multiple glioblastoma, melanoma and lung carcinoma cell lines. Viability of normal cells, including differentiated neurons, is not significantly affected at a drug concentration (1 µM) that reduces viability in most cancer lines. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice show that concentrations of 6-MOMIPP in the brain mirror those in the plasma, indicating that 6-MOMIPP readily penetrates the blood–brain barrier. Studies with mice bearing human U251 glioblastoma xenografts demonstrate that 6-MOMIPP is effective in suppressing growth of subcutaneous and intracerebral tumors without causing general toxicity. The results indicate that 6-MOMIPP is a novel microtubule disruptor that targets the colchicine binding site on β-tubulin to induce mitotic arrest and cell death. The ability of 6-MOMIPP to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and inhibit growth of glioblastoma xenografts suggests that it warrants further preclinical evaluation as potential small-molecule therapeutic that may have advantages in treating primary and metastatic brain tumors.
Gender Attitudes, Sexual Risk, Intimate Partner Violence, and Coercive Sex Among Adolescent Gang Members.

Abstract Purpose Adolescent gang members are at greater risk of poor sexual health outcomes than nongang members. Gang members' beliefs about gender may explain variation in their sexual health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine how gangs' and gang members' beliefs about gender are associated with sexual health outcomes, including sexual risk-taking, intimate partner violence, and coercive sex. Methods Gang members (N = 281; 46% female; 73% black/African American, 25% Hispanic/Latino, 4% white, age = 14–19 years) from 32 gangs completed surveys. Multilevel models assessed how gang norms and individuals' beliefs about women/girls as romantic partners, gang members, and sexual partners were associated with sexual risk-taking, intimate partner violence, and coercive sex (forced sex and gang rape). Results Gangs and individual gang members who held more equitable beliefs about girls' role as gang members were at increased risk of experiencing several negative outcomes, including intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration, forced sex victimization, and gang rape victimization. These associations were stronger for gangs with a higher ratio of male members to female members. In contrast, equitable beliefs about women/girls as romantic and sexual partners were protective against intimate partner violence and coercive sex victimization and perpetration. Conclusion Interventions that address gender beliefs among gang members may improve intimate partner violence and coercive sex. These programs may be most effective if they aim to improve equity in sexual and romantic relationships, rather than focusing on respect for female gang members.
Preparing Versus Planning

In this chapter, I take the position that personal planning is not appropriate for faith-based employees, and I advocate for preparing, knowingly or unknowingly, to be ready for opportunities that God presents. This is contrary to much of the contemporary teaching about personal career planning and development. While I argue against personal planning, I support the use of planning for projects and tasks, since this is not about our readiness to serve God as He might request.
Mindfulness as a predictor of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes in inner-city adults with posttraumatic stress and substance dependence.

Abstract The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) is highly prevalent and difficult-to-treat. Mindfulness, defined as nonjudgmental attention to and awareness of present-moment experiences, represents a targetable mechanism with potential to predict and improve treatment outcomes for PTSD/SUD populations. We hypothesized that greater self-reported mindfulness at baseline (pre-treatment) would predict (a) lower end-of-treatment PTSD severity and (b) greater longest sustained abstinence during a 12-week cognitive-behavioral treatment program. Participants included 53 inner-city adults meeting at least four current symptoms of DSM-5 PTSD and current (DSM-IV) substance dependence (51% women; 75.5% African American; Mage = 45.42, SD = 9.99). Hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that higher levels of baseline mindfulness predicted lower end-of-treatment PTSD severity but not longest sustained abstinence from the primary substance of choice. Post hoc exploration of end-of-treatment PTSD symptom clusters indicated that higher baseline mindfulness predicted lower intrusion, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and arousal and reactivity symptoms but not avoidance symptoms. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Fouling and Retention Mechanisms of Selected Cationic and Anionic Dyes in a Ti3C2Tx MXene-Ultrafiltration Hybrid System.

Ti3C2Tx MXenes, a very new family of nanostructured material, were applied in combination with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (MXene-UF) for removal of the selected dyes including methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as the first attempt. The normalized flux of the MXene-UF (0.90 for MB and 0.92 for MO) indicated better performance than a single UF (0.86 for MB and 0.90 for MO) and a powdered activated carbon (PAC)-UF (0.72 for MB and 0.75 for MO) for both dyes. The addition of an adsorbent decreased the irreversible fouling of the hybrid system compared to single UF, due to adsorption of dyes. The observed dominant fouling mechanism was cake layer fouling, evaluated using a resistance-in-series model, permeate flux modeling, and four conceptual blocking law models. PAC in particular acted as a foulant, leading to a severe flux decline. The average retention rate was found to be on the order of PAC-UF (57.7 and 47.9%) > MXene-UF (51.7 and 34.9%) > single UF (45.0 and 34.7%) for MB and MO, respectively. The results showed that although PAC exhibits relatively strong adsorption performance, MXene-UF also exhibited high selectivity due to electrostatic interaction between the MXene and dyes. In addition, humic acid (HA) adsorption on the membrane led to a reduction in the effective membrane area, resulting in a higher retention and lower flux for MXene-UF in the presence of HA. Furthermore, higher retention was observed for MXene-UF at pH 10.5 compared to pH 3.5 and 7, because MXene has more negative terminations at higher pH, leading to greater MB adsorption. Additionally, because of the bridging effect between the membrane and the MXene and competition between MB and cation ions for adsorption on the MXene, lower retention and flux were observed in MXene-UF with background ions.
Implantable self-aligning fiber-optic optomechanical devices for in vivo intraocular pressure-sensing in artificial cornea.

Artificial cornea is an effective treatment of corneal blindness. Yet, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements for glaucoma monitoring remain an urgent unmet need. Here, we present the integration of a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor with an FDA-approved keratoprosthesis for real-time IOP measurements using a novel strategy based on optical-path self-alignment with micromagnets. Additionally, an alternative noncontact sensor-interrogation approach is demonstrated using a bench-top optical coherence tomography system. We show stable pressure readings with low baseline drift ( 4.5 years in vitro and efficacy in IOP interrogation in vivo using fiber-optic self-alignment, with good initial agreement with the actual IOP. Subsequently, IOP drift in vivo was due to retroprosthetic membrane (RPM) formation on the sensor secondary to surgical inflammation (more severe in the current pro-fibrotic rabbit model). This study paves the way for clinical adaptation of optical pressure sensors with ocular implants, highlighting the importance of controlling RPM in clinical adaptation.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

We read with interest the article "Feacal Calprotectin in Dermatology Practice".1 The authors discuss the potential use of feacal calprotectin in assessing for inflammatory bowel disease in dermatology practice. Yet, it is important to clarify disease definitions. The article includes the phrase irritable bowel disease, which is not used within the gastrointestinal field. Rather, IBD refers to inflammatory bowel disease in which patients have an underlying mucosal inflammation. ….
The Perception and Evaluation of Visual Art

Visual art is a complex stimulus. Drawing on extant theory that the interplay of affect and cognition evoked by a stimulus drives evaluations, we develop a generalizable model for the perception and evaluation of visual art. In three stages, we develop scaled measurements for the affective and cognitive components involved in the perception of visual art and present a structural equation model that integrates these components in art evaluation.
Die Ellipse als affine Figur des Kreises

Leiten wir aus dem Kreise x 2 + y 2 = a 2 nach dem in § 38 besprochenen Verfahren eine affine Kurve ab, so fuhrt diese den Namen Ellipse und ihre Gleichung folgt aus der des Kreises, indem wir y durch 1/n y′ ersetzen, wahrend x unverandert bleibt (Abb. 69).
Possible heterogeneity in the segregation pattern of breast cancer in families with bilateral breast cancer

We investigated the segregation pattern of breast cancer in families with bilateral breast cancer, classifying families with respect to menopausal status (premenopausal versus postmenopausal) and the interval between diagnosis of the two primary tumors in the probands. Probands were "synchronous" if both primaries were diagnosed within 1 year; "asynchronous" if the interval was at least 2 years. Results for four complex segregation analyses are here presented; the findings support heterogeneity in the transmission of breast cancer. In the asynchronous premenopausal-cases-only analysis, a dominant Mendelian gene can explain the breast cancer pattern. A recessive gene is sufficient to describe the breast cancer distribution in the synchronous premenopausal-cases-only analysis. The synchronous all-cases and the asynchronous all-cases analyses add postmenopausal cases of breast cancer to the premenopausal ones, considering any case to be affected. In the asynchronous all-cases analysis, neither the single-locus model nor the mixed model (that is, a major locus plus other factors, genetic and/or cultural) without generation differences in heritability can be rejected by the unrestricted mixed model with generation differences in heritability. For the synchronous all-cases analysis, a mixed model with generation differences in heritability is necessary to explain the breast cancer transmission. Potential sources of error and possible interpretations are discussed.
A language and a visual interface to specify complex spatial patterns

The emerging interests in spatial pattern mining lead to the demand for a flexible spatial pattern mining language, on which easy to use and understand visual pattern language could be built. This motivates us to define a pattern mining language called CSPML to allow users to specify complex spatial patterns they are interested in mining from spatial datasets. We describe our proposed pattern mining language in this paper. Unlike general pattern languages proposed in literature, our language is specifically designed for specifying spatial patterns. An interface which allows users to specify the patterns visually is designed. The visual language is based on and goes beyond the visual language proposed in literature in the sense that users use CSPML to retrieve patterns instead of the results of a simple spatial query.
Online Accounting Education and CPA Exam Success

The quality of online accounting education relative to more traditional classroom-based accounting education remains a contentious and poorly understood topic. The research presented here compares average CPA exam scores of first-time candidates who have earned accounting degrees from online universities to average CPA exam scores of first-time candidates who have earned accounting degrees from (primarily) traditional classroom-based universities. Our findings indicate that graduates of online universities, on average, score considerably lower on the CPA exam than do the graduates of traditional, classroom-based universities.