cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attorneys Black and White: A Case Study of Race Relations within the NAACP

THE civil rights revolution of the 1960s stimulated a critical reevaluation of the roles of whites and blacks in the struggle for racial equality in America. Much of the recent literature has emphasized the cleavages and tensions between Negroes and whites in these organizations, the ambivalences in the relations between members of the two races, and the blacks' efforts for a greater voice in, or control of, the movement for their freedom.' Recently two sociologists, Gary Marx and Michael Useem, have drawn upon these historical studies in an effort to establish generalizations about the participation of individuals from privileged groups in move-
Directional property effects on radiant heat transfer and equilibrium temperature

Local radiative heat transfer and equilibrium temperature between identical uniform surface geometry planes, discussing directional dependent emittance and absorptance effects
Development of Arteriovenous Fistula After Revascularization Bypass for Moyamoya Disease: Case Report

Background and importance: Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder often treated by direct and indirect revascularization bypass techniques as a result of a typically devastating disease course and poor response to medical therapy. In this report, we describe the formation and subsequent management of a de novo arteriovenous fistula identified in the setting of a patient treated with direct bypass surgery, a previously unreported phenomenon. Clinical presentation: A 51-year-old woman presenting with Suzuki stage IV bilateral moyamoya disease underwent bilateral extracranial-to-intracranial superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass without complication at our institution. At the 6-month follow-up, she demonstrated no evidence of residual neurological deficits or continued symptoms despite documentation of an arteriovenous fistula arising at the site of the right extracranial-to-intracranial bypass on routine follow-up cerebral angiography. Conclusion: We present the first reported case of de novo arteriovenous fistula formation after superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass for the treatment of moyamoya disease. Treatment of such iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulae fed by a patent bypass vessel may prove challenging without associated compromise of the bypass, meriting careful evaluation of all potential therapeutic options. The fistula described herein most likely occurred secondary to recanalization of a previously thrombosed vein of Trolard. This case demonstrates the possibility of arteriovenous fistula formation as a potential sequela of revascularization bypass surgery and lends support to the previously described traumatic origin of fistula formation.
Crowdsourcing for Robustness in Web Search.

Search systems are typically evaluated by averaging an effectiveness measure over a set of queries. However, this method does not capture the the robustness of the retrieval approach, as measured by its variability across queries. Robustness can be a critical retrieval property, especially in settings such as commercial search engines that must build user trust and maintain brand quality. This paper investigates two ways of integrating crowdsourcing into web search in order to increase robustness. First, we use crowd workers in query expansion; votes by crowd workers are used to determine candidate expansion terms that have broad coverage and high relatedness to query terms mitigating the risky nature of query expansion. Second, crowd workers are used to filter the top ranks of a ranked list in order to remove nonrelevant documents. We find that these methods increase robustness in search results. In addition, we discover that different evaluation measures lead to different optimal parameter settings when optimizing for robustness; precisionoriented metrics favor safer parameter settings while recalloriented metrics can handle riskier configurations that improve average performance.
Differentiation and erythropoietin receptor gene expression in human erythroid progenitor cells [see comments]

Partially purified human burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) cells from peripheral blood were cultured for 6 to 8 days to obtain colony- forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) cells. When these BFU-E-derived CFU-E were further purified and recultured in liquid suspension cultures with erythropoietin (EPO), they matured and differentiated into reticulocytes in vitro. A maximum rate of hemoglobin synthesis was observed at day 10 of cumulative culture time by measuring 59Fe incorporation into heme. Withdrawal of EPO from erythroblast cultures at various times during development showed that between day 10 and day 11 (when the majority of the cells are in the polychromatic erythroblast stage), these cells became independent of EPO. The timing of the disappearance of the EPO requirement in these cells coincided with the marked decline in proliferation. Measurement of EPO receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by Northern analysis showed that there is a slight decline during the day 8 to day 10 time period, followed by a rapid decline between days 10 and 14. Binding of 125I-EPO to erythroblasts also showed a steady decline of the cell surface binding during maturation and terminal differentiation. The half-life of the human EPO receptor was 90 minutes in the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D and the half-life measured at two different times during the 8- to 14-day culture period remained constant. These results indicate that human EPO receptor mRNA must be transcribed continuously to maintain the levels seen by Northern analysis. The human cell system described here is well suited for the study of a wide variety of biochemical events during late erythroid differentiation.
v3NLP Framework: Tools to Build Applications for Extracting Concepts from Clinical Text.

Introduction : Substantial amounts of clinically significant information are contained only within the narrative of the clinical notes in electronic medical records. v3NLP Framework is a set of best of breed functionalities developed to transform this information into structured data for use in quality improvement, research, population health surveillance, and decision support. Background : MetaMap, cTAKES and similar well known NLP tools do not have sufficient scalability out of the box. v3NLP Framework evolved out of the necessity to scale these tools up and provide a framework to customize and tune techniques to fit a variety of tasks, including document classification, tuned concept extraction for specific conditions, patient classification, and information retrieval. Innovation : Beyond scalability, several v3NLP Framework developed projects have been efficacy tested and benchmarked. While v3NLP Framework includes annotators, pipelines and applications, the functionalities enable developers to create novel annotators, put annotators into pipelines and scaled applications. Discussion : v3NLP Framework has been successfully utilized in many projects including general concept extraction, risk factors for homelessness among veterans, and identification of mentions of the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter. Projects as diverse as predicting colonization with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extracting references to military sexual trauma are being built using v3NLP Framework components. Conclusion : v3NLP Framework is a set of functionalities and components that provide Java developers the ability to create novel annotators, place annotators into pipelines, and applications to extract concepts from clinical text. There are scale-up and scale-out functionalities to process large numbers of records.
Recruiting, interviewing, and hiring the right person.

In 1998 and 1999, unprecedented changes occurred in the U.S. economy: unemployment rates dropped below 4.5%, the stock market soared to more than 11,000, and about 3 million new technology-related jobs were created (1). Faced with worldwide competition and new technologies, many industries and businesses have had to relook at and reengineer their operations. Human resource management has played a key role. Significant resources always have been allocated to the recruiting process to hire competent and loyal employees. To not spend the time and effort to recruit good employees can be costly in many ways. This review offers guidelines to managers and emphasizes just how important this process is to the success of an organization.
Its Genesis—Why Then?

Tragedy is a Western invention that occurs only in a rising society—for example, Athens in the 5th century BCE (after the defeat of Darius and Xerxes); London in the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods (after the defeat of the Spanish Armada); Russia after the defeat of Napoleon; the United States after World War II.
Non-target effect of continuous application of chlorpyrifos on soil microbes, nematodes and its persistence under sub-humid tropical rice-rice cropping system.

Abstract Application of pesticide in agricultural fields is “unnecessary evil” for non-target microflora and fauna. Hence, to identify the safer pesticide molecules against non-target microbes, a long-term pesticide experiment was initiated at National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India. In the present study, the effect of continuous application of chlorpyrifos (0.5 kg ha−1) in rice fields on non-target groups of soil microbes and nematodes was studied for seven seasons (four wet and three dry seasons) during 2009–2013. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications of chlorpyrifos-treated (0.5 kg a.i. ha−1) (CT) and untreated control (UT) plots. During seven seasons of experimentation, regular application of chlorpyrifos had no significant effect on population of heterotrophic aerobic, anaerobic, oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria in CT compared to UT, whereas, population of asymbiotic aerobic nitrogen fixer, nitrifiers, denitrifiers, gram positive and spore-forming bacteria were significantly reduced by nearly 0.25–2 fold in CT than UT. However, comparatively less deviation in population of actinomycetes, fungi, phosphate solubilizing and sulfur oxidizing bacteria were observed in CT than UT. Significant interactions were found between effects of chlorpyrifos with time in population dynamics of microbes. In plant parasitic nematode species, Meloidogyne graminicola (RRKN) and Hirschmanniella spp. (RRN), were significantly lower (p
70-GHz band corporate-feed array antenna with multi-layered glass substrate

In this paper, a corporate-feed array antenna with multi-layered glass substrate operating at 70-GHz band is proposed. The array antenna has slot and microstrip radiation elements with post-wall waveguide corporate-feeding circuit. The feeding circuit and radiation elements are fabricated on separated glass substrates which are connected by diffusion bonding for Cu. Reasonable agreement in both reflection and radiation characteristics between simulated and measured results is obtained. Frequency independent beam direction is also observed so that the proposed antenna is suitable for 70-GHz band applications.
High-resolution investigation of degenerate four-wave mixing in the γ(0, 0) band of nitric oxide

We report investigations of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in the NO A2Σ+←X2Π(ν′=0←ν″=0) band for combustion-diagnostic applications. We have performed high-resolution measurements of DFWM line shapes and intensities with varying foreign-gas pressures and compared the results to simple models. In addition, we have demonstrated the ability to detect flame-generated NO using DFWM, and have tested predictive capabilities of the models by comparing flame spectra to model spectra. Measurements were obtained using a single-mode laser (0.004 cm−1 bandwidth) and a widely tunable multi-mode laser operating near 226 nm. We found that a two-level, moving-absorber model of Abrams et al. [Optical Phase Conjugation, ( R. A. Fisher, Ed.), p. 234, Academic Press, 1983 ] gave an excellent description of DFWM line shapes of NO broadened by He, over a range of pressures spanning the Doppler and collisional broadening regimes. We also investigated the dependence of peak DFWM intensities on foreign-gas pressure, confirming a theoretically predicted rapid decrease in DFWM signal intensities with increasing foreign-gas pressure. However, observed intensities decreased more slowly than predicted. In addition, we observed a greatly reduced pressure dependence when the DFWM signals were strongly saturated. DFWM spectra from thermally generated NO in an H2/O2/N2 diffusion flame were obtained with high signal-to-noise ratio and with relatively low saturation. A comparison of a flame spectrum with a model simulation exhibited excellent agreement. The model used the moving-absorber line-shape model and NO spectral data from the literature, and had no adjusted parameters.
The Role of Varicella Zoster Virus in Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common systemic vasculitis in the elderly, is characterized by excruciating unilateral headache/head pain. The temporal artery (TA) is often nodular and tender. Many patients with GCA have jaw claudication and a history of polymyalgia rheumatica. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein are elevated. Diagnosis is confirmed by TA biopsy which reveals vessel wall damage and inflammation, with multinucleated giant cells and/or epithelioid macrophages in skip areas. The pathologies of GCA and that of intracerebral varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy are identical and characterized by granulomatous arteritis, suggesting that GCA represents an extracranial variant of VZV vasculopathy predominantly affecting the TA. Virological analysis of TAs from patients with GCA or from patients with clinically suspected GCA whose TA biopsies were pathologically negative revealed the presence of VZV in most TA biopsies, particularly in skip areas that correlate with adjacent GCA pathology or adventitial inflammation. The presence of VZV in GCA-positive and GCA-negative TAs implicates the virus in triggering the immunopathology of GCA and indicates the need for treatment with antiviral drugs in addition to corticosteroids in both groups of patients. Whether oral antiviral agents and steroids are as effective as intravenous acyclovir and steroids remains to be determined, as does the dosage and duration of treatment.
Low-Speed Impact on Composite Box Containing Water

An experiment was designed and conducted to study the effects of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) in a fluid-filled cubic composite box subjected to low-velocity impact. A fabrication technique was developed for creating a composite cubic structure, and an experimental setup for analyzing a low-velocity impact was designed and built. The behavior of the composite structure was studied at various water fill levels and impact velocities. The water level inside the structure was varied incrementally from empty (0% fill) to full (100% fill). The behavior for each test case was analyzed and compared using the impact load measurements, strain measurements on each face, and high-speed video. Two types of baffles were designed and fabricated for testing. The behavior of the structure with and without a baffle was compared. The results showed that the effect of FSI on the composite box was significant and varied with the fluid-filled level. In addition, the effect of a baffle varied between the sides of the structure with the most notable effect being on the front and back sides. The baffle provided the greatest strain reduction at the high-fill levels.
Analysis of a Model for Source Monitoring

This paper extends and analyzes the Batchelder and Riefer (1990, Psychological Review) model for source monitoring. Source monitoring is a popular memory paradigm in which subjects study items from several different sources and later are tested for their ability to recognize the source of each item. The extended model is identifiable, it can handle an arbitrary number of sources, and it enables one to disentangle response bias factors from memory capacities. The model is used to determine the causes of the “picture superiority effect”, where items presented as pictures perform better on source monitoring than items presented as printed words. We analyze a new experiment that shows that the picture superiority effect is due to memory capacity factors rather than response bias factors.
Metallic Nanostructures for Catalytic Applications

The discovery of substantial catalytic activity over metallic nanostructures has established a modern industrialized society, largely sustained by heterogeneous catalysts for supplying a wide variety of consumer and industrial goods. Heterogeneous catalysts allow for highly efficient and selective chemical processes, while simultaneously reducing the energy costs associated with chemical manufacturing by lowering the activation energy of the desired product pathway. The remarkable catalytic activity of metallic nanostructures is intimately linked to their unique physical and electronic properties. Unfortunately, the catalytic efficiency of modern heterogeneous catalysts is often hindered by poor control over active catalytic sites and a substantial thermal energy requirement for reaction, which leads to a significant reduction in catalyst lifetime and imposes a growing strain on the environment. Recent breakthroughs involving the precise control over the size, shape, and electronic structure of metallic nanostructures as well as the optimization of metal-support interactions have paved the way for highly efficient catalytic materials poised to ease these environmental burdens. The continued optimization and development of photoresponsive metallic nanostructures using Earth-abundant materials is expected to further reduce both the energetic and financial requirements for obtaining highly efficient and selective heterogeneous catalysts. Deeper fundamental understanding of the physical and electronic properties governing the catalytic properties of these metallic nanostructures promises to provide a means of engineering highly efficient catalysts capable of meeting the pressing material needs of the growing industrial world while achieving a sustainable economic landscape.
Death as a metaphor for ostracism: social invincibility, autopsy, necromancy, and resurrection

Metaphors can be powerful tools for theory building in psychological sciences. I entertain death as a theoretical metaphor for ostracism and explore the degree to which they share key properties. D...
Selective pH-Responsive Core–Sheath Nanofiber Membranes for Chem/Bio/Med Applications: Targeted Delivery of Functional Molecules

Core-sheath fibers using different Eudragit materials were successfully produced and their controlled multi-pH responses have been demonstrated. Coaxial fibers made of Eudragit L 100 (EL100) core and Eudragit S 100 (ES100) sheath provide protection and/or controlled release of core material at pH 6 by adjusting the sheath thickness (controlled by the flow rate of source polymer solution). Thickest sheath (~ 250 nm) provides the least core release ~ 1.25 %/hr, while the thinnest sheath (~ 140 nm) provides much quicker release ~ 16.75 %/hr. Furthermore, switching core and sheath material dramatically altered the pH response. Coaxial fibers made of ES100 core and EL100 sheath can provide consistent core release rate, while the sheath release rate becomes higher as the sheath layer becomes thinner. For example, thinnest sheath (~ 120 nm) provides core and sheath release ratio of 1:2.5, while the thickest sheath (~ 200 nm) shows only a ratio of 1:1.7. All coaxial Eudragit fibers show no noticeable release at p...
Randomized algorithms for finding the shortest negative cost cycle in networks

Abstract In this paper, we design and analyze a fast, randomized algorithm for the problem of finding a negative cost cycle having the smallest number of edges in a directed, weighted graph. This problem will henceforth be referred to as the Shortest Negative Cost Cycle problem (SNCC). SNCC is closely related to the problem of checking whether a directed, weighted graph contains a negative cost cycle (NCCD). NCCD is an extremely well-studied problem within the domains of operations research and theoretical computer science. SNCC is important in its own right and finds several applications in program verification (Satisfiability modulo theories), abstract interpretation and real-time scheduling. It is also an important subroutine in solving the generalized submodular flow problem, which has applications in trading networks. The randomized algorithm presented in this paper for SNCC determines a shortest negative cost cycle with probability at least ( 1 − e − 1 ) in O ( m ⋅ n ⋅ log n ) time, on a network with n vertices and m edges. This is, in general, a significant improvement over the best deterministic bound of O ( m ⋅ n ⋅ | C ∗ | ) over the same parameters, where C ∗ is a shortest negative cost cycle. This algorithm requires Ω ( n ⋅ log n ) random bits. We then propose a second randomized algorithm that runs in O ( m ⋅ n ⋅ log n ) expected time and requires O ( n ) random bits (expected).
Examining the Current State of Group Support Accessibility: An Expanded Study

Group support applications are widely used in workplace to support group work. Unfortunately, persons who are blind often found it difficult to access group support applications, due to the highly graphical nature of the application; this hinders their ability to contribute to the group. As a result, persons who are blind often face problems in gaining and retaining employment. In order to expand on the knowledge gained from previous research, three additional focus group studies were conducted. The focus group studies show that accessibility and usability issues of group support applications are impeding persons who are blind from productive group work. The implications of the results from this research project are also discussed.
Madonna and Child of Soweto: Black Life Beyond Apartheid and Democracy

South African artist Laurence Vincent Scully’s 1973 painting, Madonna and Child of Soweto, offers an analytical tool for understanding the capacity of public religion to advance black life. The aut...
Producing Navigable Knowledge Organization with Knowledge Interaction

Knowledge interaction combines concept theory, instantiation theory, and the taxonomy of knowledge elements to suggest that knowledge organization systems might be used effectively to integrate different dimensional representations of information objects. Understanding knowledge structurally as well as semantically can lead to a variety of implementations that might provide temporal interfaces for understanding relationships among information objects that are not obviously semantically related. An experimental test-­‐bed would rely on the actual experience of working scholars. Preliminary results come from a case study of the works of one prolific New Testament scholar whose works are available in digital form. We see clearly the distance between the theological positions, sociological interpretive positions, and methodological positions, indicating three interacting intellectual poles in this scholar’s writing.
Experimental Dewars Developed by the National Bureau of Standards

The development of a large-scale hydrogen liquefier by the National Bureau of Standards required development of large, transportable types of liquid hydrogen vessels. It is the purpose of this paper to report on some aspects of large-scale hydrogen dewar development conducted at the National Bureau of Standards’ Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory.
Finite-Amplitude Waves

The small-amplitude wave theory was formulated as a solution to the Laplace equation with the required surface (two) and bottom (one) boundary conditions [Eqs. (2.1), (2.3), (2.4), and (2.6)]. But the two surface boundary conditions had to be linearized and then applied at the still water level rather than at the water surface. This requires that H/d and H/L be small compared to unity. Consequently, the small-amplitude wave theory can be applied over the complete range of relative water depths (d/L), but it is limited to waves of relatively small amplitude relative to the water depth (for shallow water waves) and wave length (for deep water waves).
The middle class as a culture structure: rethinking middle-class formation and democracy through the civil sphere

This paper proposes a new cultural link between the middle class and democracy. In comparative democratization, scholars remain strongly wedded to economic-materialist understandings of the middle class. They define the middle class by income or occupation, but disagree on its role in democratization and weakly explain middle-class formation. In contrast, this paper reconstructs the cultural structures that intertextually link the language of class to the language of democracy. Middle-class discourse is undergirded by a stable set of binary codes through which social actors establish creative links to the discourses of the civil sphere. Embedded in the civil sphere, middle-class discourse takes on three institutional functions—specifying the terms of solidarity and exclusion, intersphere translation, and civil-regulatory power relatively independent of the civil sphere’s own institutions.
Usurpation of an Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) Nest by Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus)

Abstract Nest usurpation is a strategy in which an individual or pair of one species takes over the nest of another species. This is the first documented occurrence of a Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) pair usurping an Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) nest. The Piping Plovers incubated the three Interior Least Tern eggs in the nest, and all three eggs hatched. The adult Piping Plovers accompanied and brooded the Interior Least Tern chicks for 1 day post-hatching, but we did not see the adult Piping Plovers nor the Interior Least Tern chicks after that day. The Piping Plovers likely usurped the Interior Least Tern nest because they developed hormonemediated broodiness after they lost the eggs from their two previous nesting attempts. When the Piping Plovers encountered an unattended Interior Least Tern nest with eggs, they instinctively took the nest and its contents as their own.
Effect of potassium on drought resistance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cv. Leprechaun: Plant growth, leaf macro- and micronutrient content and root longevity

As competition for the limited water supply available for irrigation of horticultural crops increases, research into crop management practices that enhance drought resistance, plant water-use efficiency and plant growth when water supply is limited has become increasingly essential. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of potassium (K) nutritional status on the drought resistance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun (Hibiscus). All the treatments were fertilized with Hoagland's nutrient solution, modified to supply K as K2SO4, at 0 mM K (K0), 2.5 mM K (K2.5), and 10 mM K (K10), under two irrigation regimes (drought stressed [DS] and non-drought stressed [non-DS]). Regular irrigation and fertigation were adopted for 54 days, and drought stress treatment (initiated on day 55) lasted for 21 days; while non-DS control plants continued to receive regular irrigation and fertigation. Following the 21-day drought stress period, plants were labeled with 86Rb+ to determine the percentage of post-drought stress live roots. Both K deficiency (K0) and drought stress reduced shoot growth, but drought stress increased root growth and thus the root:shoot ratio. At K0, plants were K-deficient and had the lowest leaf K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo and Al, and highest Ca concentrations. Although the percentage of live roots was decreased by drought stress, K2.5 and K10 plants (with similar percent live roots) had greater root survival ratio after drought treatment than the K-deficient plants. These observations indicate that adequate K nutrition can improve drought resistance and root longevity in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Latent Typing Biometrics in Online Collaboration Services

The use of typing biometrics---the characteristic typing patterns of individual keyboard users---has been studied extensively in the context of enhancing multi-factor authentication services. The key starting point for such work has been the collection of high-fidelity local timing data, and the key (implicit) security assumption has been that such biometrics could not be obtained by other means. We show that the latter assumption to be false, and that it is entirely feasible to obtain useful typing biometric signatures from third-party timing logs. Specifically, we show that the logs produced by realtime collaboration services during their normal operation are of sufficient fidelity to successfully impersonate a user using remote data only. Since the logs are routinely shared as a byproduct of the services' operation, this creates an entirely new avenue of attack that few users would be aware of. As a proof of concept, we construct successful biometric attacks using only the log-based structure (complete editing history) of a shared Google Docs, or Zoho Writer, document which is readily available to all contributing parties. Using the largest available public data set of typing biometrics, we are able to create successful forgeries 100% of the time against a commercial biometric service. Our results suggest that typing biometrics are not robust against practical forgeries, and should not be given the same weight as other authentication factors. Another important implication is that the routine collection of detailed timing logs by various online services also inherently (and implicitly) contains biometrics. This not only raises obvious privacy concerns, but may also undermine the effectiveness of network anonymization solutions, such as ToR, when used with existing services.
Association of loss of BAP1 expression in cell renal cell carcinomas with PDL1 expression.

4530 Background: A subset (10-20%) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors evades the immune system through expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), and these tumors are associated...
Multidimensional Nonlinear Viscoelastic Oxidation Modeling

This paper describes the oxidation module for the process simulator FLOOPS. Simulation results for silicon oxidation in two and three dimensions are demonstrated.
Incumbency status and candidate responsiveness to voters in two-stage elections beginning with a primary

Theories of representation suggest that candidates should respond ideologically to their constituency. Two-stage elections like those in the U.S. force candidates to decide which parts of their con...
Performance Evaluation of SDN-VNF in Virtual Machine and Container

Discrete non-virtualized network elements are characterized by large costs, limited functions, vendor lock-in, and limited orchestration. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) changes the way of creating, deploying, and operating networks by decomposing hardware elements into software components that run on virtualized servers. Two virtualization technologies - Virtual Machines (VM) and containers - have the capability to host Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). These virtualized solutions offer varying results when compared with VNF provisioning time, runtime performance, throughput, and portability depending on the VNF application. Although prior research has identified these results, they lack evaluation of a VNF serving as a Software Defined Network (SDN) controller. In SDN, these parameters serve as a vital criterion for selecting an optimum virtualized solution for hosting an SDN controller, which serves as the control plane for the underlying infrastructure layer. This research paper aims to evaluate an ONOS SDN controller application in a Docker container environment versus a VM environment per the NFV Research Group (NFVRG) testing guidelines. This will help an operator identify an optimum platform to host SDN-VNF microservice.
Nothing but a “titty streamer”: legitimacy, labor, and the debate over women’s breasts in video game live streaming

Since the mid-2010s, live streaming has become an increasingly prominent facet of the cultural and commercial landscape of video games. Twitch, the largest streaming platform, reports that more tha...
Taxi Event Extraction from Surveillance for Surface Performance Evaluation

Estimated unimpeded taxi times can be used to quantify a flight’s taxiing delay when compared with its actual taxi time. Currently, flight unimpeded taxi times are calculated by the Federal Aviatio...
The Routledge Companion to Popular Music and Humor: edited by Thomas M. Kitts and Nick Baxter-Moore, Routledge Music Companions; New York, NY, Routledge, 2019, xii, 421 pp., $196.00 (hardback), ISBN-13: 978-1-138-57756-5

Humor can be difficult to study, in no small part due to its quasi-paradoxical status in academia. It is often considered too “light” for deeper study, so “unserious” as to pose a danger to the sta...
PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IN SURGERY FOR PRIMARY MITRAL REGURGITATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The role of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) for prognostication of patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for primary mitral regurgitation (MR) is unclear. A systematic review using keywords: LV GLS, primary MR, mitral valve replacement/repair, in PubMed (from 1946), EMBASE
High Scan Volume with Low Positive Scan Rate in Highest Utilizers: Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background We examined utilization patterns and predictors of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) results in the emergency department (ED). Objectives We retrospectively determined ED CTPA positive scan rate (PSR) among ED attendings based on a system that grouped attendings into scan quantity categories through >100. Methods We manually reviewed all scans ordered in 2017 in EDs in a multisite medical system. Results Of 10,032 ED CTPAs, 6168 were ordered by 153 ED attendings. Most attendings (123/153; 80%) ordered 60 or fewer scans with relatively high PSR (259/2927, PSR 8.8%; 95% confidence interval 7.8–9.9%). Of the ED attendings, 13 (3%) ordered more than 100 scans each (1981 scans; 32% of all scans), with PSR of 5.5% (95% confidence interval 4.5–6.5%). Conclusion Most ED attendings were low- to mid-volume utilizers of CTPA and had a relatively high PSR. However, the small percentage of attendings who ordered more than 100 scans each accounted for a large percentage of the total scan volume and had a relatively low PSR. These findings suggest that sharing of performance feedback and best practices in the highest utilizers could help to improve CTPA PSR in the ED.
Association between Pregnancy and Cervical Artery Dissection

Objective We wanted to determine whether pregnancy is associated with cervical artery dissection. Methods We performed a case-control study using claims data from all nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals in New York and Florida between 2005 and 2015. Cases were women 12-42 years of age hospitalized with cervical artery dissection, defined using validated diagnosis codes for carotid/vertebral artery dissection. Controls were women 12-42 years of age with a primary diagnosis of renal colic. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 on age, race, insurance, income, state, and visit year. The exposure variable was pregnancy, defined as labor and delivery within 90 days before or 6 months after the index visit. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of pregnancy between cases and controls. We performed a secondary cohort-crossover study comparing the risk of cervical artery dissection during pregnancy versus the same time period 1 year later. Results Pregnancy was twice as common among 826 women with cervical artery dissection compared with the 826 matched controls with renal colic (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-4.7). In our secondary analysis, pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of cervical artery dissection (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5), with the heightened risk limited to the postpartum period (IRR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.6-11.7). Interpretation Pregnancy, specifically the postpartum period, was associated with hospitalization for cervical artery dissection. Although these findings might in part reflect ascertainment bias, our results suggest that arterial dissection is one mechanism by which pregnancy can lead to stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:596-602.
Fetal growth restriction is a host specific response to infection with an impaired spiral artery remodeling-inducing strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen implicated in a range of pregnancy disorders that involve impaired spiral artery remodeling (ISAR) with or without fetal growth restriction (FGR). Using a rodent periodontitis model, we assessed the ability of P. gingivalis to produce ISAR and FGR in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Wistar (WIS) rats. Both infected SD and WIS rats developed ISAR, but only WIS rats developed FGR despite both rat strains having equivalent microbial loads within the placenta. Neither maternal systemic inflammation nor placental (fetal) inflammation was a feature of FGR in WIS rats. Unique to infected WIS rats, was loss of trophoblast cell density within the junctional zone of the placenta that was not present in SD tissues. In addition, infected WIS rats had a higher proportion of junctional zone trophoblast cells positive for cytoplasmic high temperature requirement A1 (Htra1), a marker of cellular oxidative stress. Our results show a novel phenomenon present in P. gingivalis-induced FGR, with relevance to human disease since dysregulation of placental Htra1 and placental oxidative stress are features of preeclamptic placentas and preeclampsia with FGR.
Ritual Work and the Formation of a Shared Sense of Meaningfulness

Drawing from a 21-month field study of an athletic footwear and apparel company, I build theory about how a shared sense of meaningfulness forms through interaction ritual and emotion. I find that ...
Surgical Management of Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review:

Background:As a result of the high physical demand in sport, elite athletes are particularly prone to fifth metatarsal fractures. These injuries are typically managed surgically to avoid high rates...
Impact of Localization Error on Open-Loop Distributed Beamforming Arrays

We present an analysis on the required two-dimensional positioning accuracy of the location of nodes in open-loop distributed beamforming arrays. For distributed antenna arrays in dynamic motion to operate coherently, localization is required to adjust the relative phase shift between the nodes in the array to maintain coherent beamforming. We investigate the required localization accuracy in a hierarchical architecture, where the secondary nodes localize and synchronize themselves to a primary node. We discuss a model for distributed beamforming and present analysis of the required ranging and angle estimation accuracy as a function of the secondary node locations and the beamforming gain using wireless frequency synchronization.
Current Knowledge Base of Beverage Health Impacts, Trends, and Intake Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: Implications for Public Health

Improving beverage patterns is important for promoting the health of children and adolescents. Food preferences can begin developing at a young age; thus, children and adolescents should be provided healthy beverages in accordance with current recommendations. The purpose of this review is to identify and summarize existing beverage recommendations for children and adolescents. This review also discusses the health impacts of beverages and how beverage consumption has changed among children and adolescents over time. The mean number of calories that children and adolescents are consuming from beverages on a given day has declined in recent years. However, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are the primary source of added sugars in this population. Therefore, SSB consumption remains a concern, and reducing the intake of SSB is still considered a top priority for helping to improve dietary quality. This review uniquely compiles recommendations into one convenient table for the entire age range of 0–19 years and includes recommendations that can be more adequately individualized. Beverage categories where beverage recommendations from authoritative sources are lacking have also been identified. Potential methods that can be implemented to improve beverage patterns and current public policy recommendations have been discussed to provide actionable steps that public health professionals can utilize in practice. The comprehensive table of beverage recommendations could be useful for professionals promoting the health of children and adolescents in research, clinical, and public health settings.
Neural and Cognitive Plasticity

Modern humans spend much of their early lives participating in formal educational programs designed to increase their cognitive competencies. Despite this concerted effort to maximize individuals intellectual capacities, scientists and educators know relatively little about the neural factors that determine when and how learning experiences lead to improvements in cognitive abilities. Current theories of how brains are changed by learning focus on incremental adjustments to connections between neurons that are driven by increases in neural activity. This article summarizes past theoretical and experimental research on the relationship between neural plasticity and experience-dependent changes in cognition, briefly describes recent technological advances in measuring and inducing brain plasticity mechanisms, and outlines key questions that researchers must address to provide a more complete understanding of the factors that enable people to learn new cognitive skills. Answering such questions will require the combined efforts of neuroscientists, psychologists, and educational researchers, as well as the development of new technologies for monitoring neural changes in humans and other animals as they learn to perform a variety of cognitive tasks. Keywords: cortical reorganization; learning; intelligence; cognition; flexibility; cognitive control; structural plasticity; perceptual learning; development
Regulation and Public Interests: The Possibility of Good Regulatory Government

Acknowledgments ix Introduction: An Uneasy Commitment to Regulatory Government 1 PART I: THE CYNICAL VIEW OF REGULATORY GOVERNMENT, AND ITS ALTERNATIVES 7 Chapter One The Basic Project 9 Chapter Two: The Cynical View of Regulation 14 Chapter Three: Is Regulatory Capture Inevitable? 26 Chapter Four: Alternative Visions of Regulatory Government 53 PART II: THE ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATORY STATE 77 Chapter Five: Opening the Black Box: Regulatory Decisionmaking in Legal Context 81 Chapter Six: Regulatory Government as Administrative Government 102 Chapter Seven: Participation in Administrative Decisionmaking 118 Chapter Eight: The Administrative-Process Approach Expanded: A More Developed Picture 134 PART III: PUBLIC INTERESTED REGULATION 157 Chapter Nine: The Environmental Protection Agency's Ozone and Particulate Matter Rules 163 Chapter Ten: The Food and Drug Administration's Tobacco Initiative 180 Chapter Eleven: The Forest Service's Roadless Policy for National Forests 196 Chapter Twelve: Socially Beneficial Administrative Decisionmaking: Additional Evidence 213 PART IV: PUBLIC CHOICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS 237 Chapter Thirteen: The Public Choice Theory Revisited 241 Chapter Fourteen: The Promise of an Administrative-Process Orientation 258 Chapter Fifteen: Regulatory Rents, Regulatory Failures, and Other Objections 284 Conclusion: The Regulatory State and Social Welfare 304 Notes 307 Index 365
PROBABILITY DENSITIES FOR NOISY DELAY BIFURCATIONS

The delay of a transition in a nonlinear system due to a slowly varying control parameter can be significantly reduced by very small noise. A new asymptotic approximation for the time-dependent probability density function gives a complete description of the process into the transition region, and is easily interpreted in terms of the noisy dynamics. It is also used to calculate mean transition times. The method is applied to two nonlinear systems with noise: a one-dimensional canonical model for a steady bifurcation and the noisy FitzHugh–Nagumo model.
Flame Extinction Limits of H2‐CO Fuel Blends

The flame extinction limits of syngas (H2‐CO) flames were measured using a twin-flame counterflow burner. Plots of extinction limits (%f: volumetric percent of fuel in air) versus global stretch rates were generated at different fuel blend compositions and were extrapolated to determine the flame extinction limit corresponding to an experimentally unattainable zero-stretch condition. The zero-stretch extinction limit of H2‐CO mixtures decreases with the increase in H2 concentration in the mixture. The average difference between the measured flame extinction limit and the Le Chatelier’s calculation is around 7% of the mean value. The measured OH chemiluminescence data indicates that regardless of blend composition the OH radical concentration reduces to a critical value prior to the flame extinction. The measured laminar flame velocity close to the extinction indicates that regardless of fuel composition, the premixed flame of hydrogen fuel blends extinguishes when the mixture laminar flame velocity falls below a critical value.
Cost Effective Upgrade of a Thermal Evaporator with a Dual Mini E‐beam Evaporator with Focus on the Evaporation of Platinum

Abstract The addition of two mini e‐beam evaporators (Tectra) to a commercially available thermal evaporator (Fullam EFFA) is described. The design allows the integration of the e‐beam attachments via two simple adapters and a rotary sample holder, which allows the independent and subsequent evaporation of two metals on up to four substrates without breaking the vacuum. Problems and solutions regarding the evaporation of a variety of metals, with focus on platinum, are discussed.
LOW HEIGHT GEODESICS ON $\Gamma^3 \backslash \mathcal{H}$: HEIGHT FORMULAS AND EXAMPLES

The Markoff spectrum of binary indefinite quadratic forms can be studied in terms of heights of geodesics on low-index covers of the modular surface. The lowest geodesics on are the simple closed geodesics; these are indexed up to isometry by Markoff triples of positive integers (x, y, z) with x2 + y2 + z2 = 3xyz, and have heights . Geodesics considered by Crisp and Moran have heights ; they conjectured that these heights, which lie in the "mysterious region" between 3 and the Hall ray, are isolated in the Markoff Spectrum. In our previous work, we classified the low height-achieving non-simple geodesics of into seven types according to the topology of highest arcs. Here, we obtain explicit formulas for the heights of geodesics of the first three types; the conjecture holds for approximation by closed geodesics of any of these types. Explicit examples show that each of the remaining types is realized.