cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Dissection of the Notch:CSL Interaction: Insights into the Notch-mediated Transcriptional Switch

Complex formation between the intracellular domain of the Notch receptor (NICD) and the transcription factor CSL is indispensable for transcriptional activation. To understand how NICD displaces CSL-associated co-repressors, we have quantified the binding of different Notch1 ICD regions to a key interaction domain (the beta trefoil domain, or BTD) of human CSL. Electrophoresis, scattering, and titration calorimetry indicate that NICD and BTD combine to form a 1:1 heterodimer. Neither the Notch1 ankyrin domain (ANK) nor C-terminal region contributes binding energy towards BTD. In contrast, binding energy is attributed largely to a short segment including the conserved WFP sequence motif within the RAM region (the approximately 140 residue polypeptide segment N-terminal to the ANK domain); substitution of this motif substantially reduces affinity. Short (< or =25 residues) WFP-containing peptides encoded by the four mammalian Notch genes have similar affinities to BTD; thus, activity differences between paralogues either result from other regions of NICD and CSL or from differences in interaction with downstream components. The importance of RAM was demonstrated by the ability of a short RAM peptides to dissociate NICD:CSL interaction in cellular lysates. These results support an emerging molecular mechanism for the displacement of co-repressors from DNA-bound CSL by NICD.
The historical status of the conjunct/disjunct pattern in Tibeto-Burman

Abstract Several Tibeto-Burman languages show a peculiar pattern of distribution of copulas and/or finite verb forms, in which one set occurs with first person subjects in statements, second person subjects in questions, and in complement clauses of verba dicendi when the complement and main clause subjects are coreferential, and another set in all other contexts. When the evidence for and against reconstructing the system at the branch or family level is assessed, it appears that this “conjunct/disjunct” pattern is a recent secondary innovation in all of the languages in which it is found. It probably developed independently at least twice, in Tibetan and Akha; its occurrence in other languages may represent Tibetan influence.
CROSS-CONJUGATED BIS(PORPHRYIN)S : SYNTHESIS, ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR, MIXED VALENCY, AND BIRADICAL DICATION FORMATION

The synthesis and characterization of seven (ZnII)2bis(porphyrin) molecules are described. The molecular structures of two bis(porphyrin)s (6 and 7) were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Four of the compounds have their porphyrin moieties attached in a meta-fashion to a substituted benzene ring (1−4), two have porphyrin rings attached in a gem-fashion to a carbon−carbon double bond (6 and 7), and one bis(porphyrin) (5) has a p-phenylene coupler. Bis(porphyrin)s 1, 4, and 5 contain tetraaryl-type porphyrins, while 2, 3, 6, and 7 contain triarylethynylporphyrins. Except for exciton coupling in the unoxidized species, interaction between porphyrins is greater in the triarylethynyl-type bis(porphyrin)s than in the tetraaryl-type bis(porphyrin)s regardless of the number of bonds through which the interaction propagates. The cyclic voltammetry of the bis(porphyrin)s was examined, and a varying degree of interaction between electrophores within the series was found. Redox splitting was observed for porph...
Exhaust Plume Effects on Sonic Boom for a Delta Wing and a Swept Wing-Body model

Supersonic travel is not allowed over populated areas due to the disturbance caused by the sonic boom. Research has been performed on sonic boom reduction and has included the contribution of the exhaust nozzle plume. Plume effect on sonic boom has progressed from the study of isolated nozzles to a study with four exhaust plumes integrated with a wing-body vehicle. This report provides a baseline analysis of the generic wing-body vehicle to demonstrate the effect of the nozzle exhaust on the near-field pressure profile. Reductions occurred in the peak-to-peak magnitude of the pressure profile for a swept wing-body vehicle. The exhaust plumes also had a favorable effect as the nozzles were moved outward along the wing-span.
A Chebyshev Spectral Collocation Method for the Solution of the Reynolds Equation of Lubrication

A multi-domain, Chebyshev collocation method is presented for the solution of ultra-thin gas bearing problems. The behavior of the flow varies across the computational domain with very sharp gradients occurring in the side and trailing edge boundary layers. The decomposition of the computational domain allows independent control over the representation of the solution in each subdomain. A multi-parameter continuation scheme is used to facilitate the convergence as the parameters of the problem are varied over a wide range. The method is shown to be well suited for the simulation of lubrication flow between textured surfaces even in the presence of very steep pressure boundary layers.
Language attitude and the spread of standard Chinese in China

RESUMOLingva starpunkto kaj la disvastigo de la norma cina lingvo en CinioPutonghŭa (PTH) estas la norma formo de la ĉina lingvo. La referajo esploras la reagon de cinoj al la disvastigo de PTH kaj la kunligon de ilia starpunkto al variajoj kiel ekzemple ago kaj naskigloko. Donitajoj kolektitaj per enketilo estis analizitaj de unudirekta ANOVA. La rezultoj montras, ke ses kategorioj de starpunktoj al PTH estas identigeblaj. La aŭtoro nomas ilin jene: 1. konstato, ke utiligo de PTH estas prestiga; 2. tiom ke PTH povus malhelpi lokan lojalecon; 3. akcepto de la graveco de PTH kiel faktoro en klerigo; 4. rekono, ke PTH estas ilo de pli vasta komunikado; 5. generala aprobo; 6. nacia kaj politika solidareco. La dua kategorio estas negativa faktoro, kiu limigas la disvastigon de PTH, dum la aliaj kvin kategorioj konsistigas pozitivajn faktorojn. La statistika analizo montras korelacion de starpunktoj al PTH rilate al ago, naskigloko, nuna logloko kaj profesioj de gepatroj. Tiuj eltrovoj liveras utilajn donitajojn al lingvoplanantoj en Cinio, kaj la metodiko evoluigita en la nuna studo eble utilos en aliaj lingvaj studoj.
Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics

We describe a simple method for creating multiple optical tweezers from a single laser beam using diffractive optical elements. As a demonstration of this technique, we have implemented a 4×4 square array of optical tweezers—the hexadeca tweezer. Not only will diffractively generated optical tweezers facilitate many new experiments in pure and applied physics, but they also will be useful for fabricating nanocomposite materials and devices, including photonic bandgap materials and optical circuit elements.
Determination of Stoichiometry and Geometry of G Protein Coupled Receptor Homo-Oligomers in Living Cells Using Spectrally Resolved FRET

Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between donor and acceptor molecules is widely used for detection of molecular interactions. When donor and acceptor tags are fused to proteins of interest, FRET may be used to probe whether the tagged proteins form functional complexes in living cells. Typically, the cell under study is scanned at several times in order to accumulate enough spectral information to determine the FRET efficiency for each region of interest within the cell. However, diffusion as well as biochemical reactions may cause the molecular make-up of the regions of interest to change during the course of data acquisition. For a long time, this has dramatically limited the information content of FRET imaging. Advances in theory and optical instrumentation recently lead to the development of a FRET technique that avoids the problems caused by molecular diffusion and enabled us to determine the stoichiometry, structure, and localization in living cells of membrane protein complexes (Raicu et al., Nature Photonics, 3, 2009). This presentation will review the results obtained from our recent studies of oligomeric complexes of some G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in vivo, both, in the presence and in the absence of natural as well synthetic ligands.
Part XVIII: Influence of intra‐aortic ballon counterpulsation and collateral flow reversal during multivessel angioplasty

Flow velocity changes during multivessel angioplasty suggests that collateral flow has an important role in determining safety and ischemic threshold during these procedures. The physiology of collateral flow with and without intra-aortic balloon pumping has been demonstrated in this individual and provides insight into the mechanisms of reduced ischemia during high-risk coronary interventions.
Types of French freshwater mussels (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionoidea) in the Arnould Locard Collection at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

ABSTRACT The specimens of the French freshwater mussels (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionoidea) in the Arnould Locard collection in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris were examined. 216 type series for 308 nominal species were located, including taxa described by Locard and by other workers of the “Nouvelle Ecole”. An annotated list of all 308 species is provided, including data regarding the relevant primary literature, type status and localities, and subsequent taxonomic opinions.
Interactions of a stationary finite-sized particle with wall turbulence

Reliable information on forces on a finite-sized particle in a turbulent boundary layer is lacking, so workers continue to use standard drag and lift correlations developed for a laminar flow to predict drag and lift forces. Here we consider direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow over an isolated particle of finite size. The size of the particle and its location within the turbulent channel are systematically varied. All relevant length and time scales of turbulence, attached boundary layers on the particle, and particle wake are faithfully resolved, and thus we consider fully resolved direct numerical simulations. The results from the direct numerical simulation are compared with corresponding predictions based on the standard drag relation with and without the inclusion of added-mass and shear-induced lift forces. The influence of turbulent structures, such as streaks, quasi-streamwise vortices and hairpin packets, on particle force is explored. The effect of vortex shedding is also observed to be important for larger particles, whose Re exceeds a threshold.
Turbulence and Sound-Field POD Analysis of a Turbulent Jet:

A Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is constructed for a Mach 0.9 turbulent jet using a well-validated direct numerical simulation database. Norms are defined based on near-field volume integrals of pressure, turbulence kinetic energy, streamwise velocity, and total enthalpy, two-dimensional integrals of streamswise velocity (to match experimental measurements), and far-field integrals of pressure over a sphere. We find substantially different POD modes for the different norms, and their efficiency at representing the full data is strongly dependent upon the norm and specifically which data we attempt to represent. To reproduce near-field turbulence statistics requires relatively few modes computed by a kinetic energy or pressure norm. However, a large number of the POD modes computed using a near-field norm are required to represent the sound field. The dominant near-field POD modes computed with either the near-field pressure norm or the sound field norm have the structure of wave packets.
Competition between surface roughening and reconstruction in (110) facets of fcc crystals.

Surface roughening induces a simultaneous deconstruction transition in missing-row-reconstructed (110) facets of fcc crystals. This transition can be described by the four-state chiral clock-step model. Numerical finite-size-scaling results indicate that at zero chirality this transition has the character of a superimposed Kosterlitz-Thouless-type roughening and an Ising-type deconstruction transition. A symmetry property of the model, called S-T invariance, and related to supersymmetry, elucidates this aspect. In the strong chirality limit a fermion analysis applies. The full phase diagram can be constructed by combining these numerical and analytical results. Pt(110) and Au(110) follow specific paths through it. The only path consistent with the current experimental evidence for Pt(110) is a roughening-induced simultaneous deconstruction transition, which has the character of an incommensurate melting transition with respect to the reconstruction degrees of freedom. This implies that the difference in energy between clockwise and anticlockwise steps is small in Pt(110).
THE SUITABILITY OF OLD PEOPLE'S RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTS: INSIGHTS FROM THE GEOGRAPHIC LITERATURE

(1986). THE SUITABILITY OF OLD PEOPLE'S RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTS: INSIGHTS FROM THE GEOGRAPHIC LITERATURE. Urban Geography: Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 437-447.
Pyong Gap Min: Preserving Ethnicity Through Religion in America

This important book is animated by the author’s suspicion that Protestant religion may not function for Korean Americans the way the literature claims Protestantism, Catholicism and Judaism did for past waves of immigrants from Europe, namely to preserve their ethnicity. The chief reason is that Protestantism is alien, not indigenous, to Korean culture. Min resourcefully puts this intuition to empirical test by contrasting the ethnic consciousness of Korean Protestant and Indian Hindu immigrants in New York across both the first and second generations, under the very reasonable premise that Hinduism is thoroughly indigenous to India. This ambitious research plan entailed questionnaire surveys, personal interviews and site visits enlisting the talents of many Korean and Indian students at Queens College and the City University of New York. The methods and findings are documented in sufficient detail that the book should be considered required reading for researchers in religion race, ethnicity and immigration in the U.S. But first it is necessary to dispose of the issue of what the literature claims. As indicated by his title, Min is under the impression that religion in the U.S. has been supposed to preserve ethnicity. That is not what I interpret one of Min’s touchstone texts, namely Herberg’s Protestant, Catholic, Jew, to say, nor, as a contributor to the literature, what I have myself proposed. As implied by his ‘‘triple melting pot’’ thesis, Herberg claimed that ethnicity over time ‘‘transmuted’’ into religion, so that by the third European American generation, the primary residue of immigrants’ culture that would be available to their grandchildren to embrace would, in fact, be their religion. In my own work, I have proposed that religion in the U.S. is uniquely situated for the expression of post-1965 immigrants’ home country culture but that their children typically have much less interest in home country ways and often more interest in religion, which they may perceive as a less parochial, more universalistic identity. So, if it turns out that second generation Korean Protestants
Does Order Make a Difference in Resumes

Positioning of information may be the major problem in preparing a resume. This study attempts to determine whether a primacy or recency location of facts produces the highest fact-recall rate.
Integrated behavioral z-scoring increases the sensitivity and reliability of behavioral phenotyping in mice: Relevance to emotionality and sex

Defining anxiety- and depressive-like states in mice (emotionality) is best characterized by the use of complementary tests, leading sometimes to puzzling discrepancies and lack of correlation between similar paradigms. To address this issue, we hypothesized that integrating measures along the same behavioral dimensions in different tests would reduce the intrinsic variability of single tests and provide a robust characterization of the underlying "emotionality" of individual mouse, similarly as mood and related syndromes are defined in humans through various related symptoms over time. We describe the use of simple mathematical and integrative tools to help phenotype animals across related behavioral tests (syndrome diagnosis) and experiments (meta-analysis). We applied z-normalization across complementary measures of emotionality in different behavioral tests after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) or prolonged corticosterone exposure - two approaches to induce anxious-/depressive-like states in mice. Combining z-normalized test values, lowered the variance of emotionality measurement, enhanced the reliability of behavioral phenotyping, and increased analytical opportunities. Comparing integrated emotionality scores across studies revealed a robust sexual dimorphism in the vulnerability to develop high emotionality, manifested as higher UCMS-induced emotionality z-scores, but lower corticosterone-induced scores in females compared to males. Interestingly, the distribution of individual z-scores revealed a pattern of increased baseline emotionality in female mice, reminiscent of what is observed in humans. Together, we show that the z-scoring method yields robust measures of emotionality across complementary tests for individual mice and experimental groups, hence facilitating the comparison across studies and refining the translational applicability of these models.
Fast two-dimensional adaptive IIR algorithms

Several new two-dimensional adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) filtering algorithms are derived and simulated. These new algorithms are based upon the one-dimensional version of the algorithm developed by Fan and Jenkins (1986). This algorithm was shown to experimentally possess the ability to converge to the global minimum of the mean square error (MSE) even in cases where the MSE surface is ill-conditioned. In addition, further enhancements to this new algorithm were made to improve convergence rate performance. An estimate of the Hessian is incorporated into the adaptive filter coefficient update expressions. Least Mean Square (LMS), Recursive Least Square (RLS), Gauss-Newton (GN), and Fast Quasi-Newton (FQN) forms of the two-dimensional Fan-Jenkins algorithm are formulated and compared via simulation for several examples.
Lesion severity and treatment complexity are associated with outcome after percutaneous infra-inguinal intervention

Objectives Percutaneous revascularization has become increasingly utilized for the treatment of lower extremity ischemia. Patients with limb-threat have been shown to be at increased risk of failure, although the reasons for this remain unclear. This study analyzed factors associated with percutaneous treatment failure, focusing specifically on lesion characteristics and treatment complexity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed percutaneous infra-inguinal interventions performed for peripheral occlusive disease between 2002 and 2005 using a prospectively maintained database. Lesion characteristics were assessed by angiography, and lesions were graded according to the TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC) criteria. Patency was expressed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank analysis. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis was used to assess significant factors on univariate analysis. Mean follow-up was 11.8 months. Results A total of 324 interventions for claudication (55.8%), rest pain (18.4%), or tissue loss (25.8%) were analyzed, including 284 primary interventions and 40 re-interventions in 258 patients (mean age 72.1 ± 10 years, 51.0% male). TASC lesion grades included: A (4.9%), B (29.3%), C (37.7%), and D (28.1%). Isolated single-level interventions (femoral, popliteal, or tibial) were performed in 38.9%, while two-level interventions were performed in 46.2% and three-level interventions in 14.9%. Overall primary patency (± SD) at 6, 12, and 18 months was 87 ± 2%, 66 ± 2% and 59 ± 4%, respectively. Secondary patency at 6, 12, and 18 months was 89 ± 2%, 76 ± 3%, and 69 ± 5%. One-year limb salvage rate (limb-threat patients) was 85 ± 3%. Limb-threatening ischemia as the indication for intervention was most highly associated with failure of both primary and secondary patency and was associated with four indicators of lesion severity and treatment complexity, including increasing TASC grade, multilevel intervention, tibial intervention, and reduced tibial outflow. One-year primary patency was inversely correlated with TASC severity (TASC A-C: 67 ± 6%, D: 61 ± 4%; P P = .002), distal interventions (74 ± 5% and 57 ± 7% for femoral vs tibial, P P Conclusions Patients with limb-threatening ischemia are at increased risk of initial failure compared with claudicants, likely as a result of the increased prevalence of advanced lesion severity and treatment complexity, which are associated with decreased primary patency. However, this finding did not extend to secondary patency or limb-salvage in the overall patient population. Although additional studies with longer follow-up are needed, these findings argue that percutaneous intervention may still be considered as a primary treatment modality with the understanding that these patients may have higher re-intervention rates and may ultimately require salvage open surgical bypass for persistent failures of percutaneous therapy.
Relationships between urban tree communities and the biomes in which they reside

Questions: Climate strongly influences the composition of natural plant communities, but a variety of human activities might release plants in urban areas from some of these climatic constraints. (1) After controlling for minimum temperature, is urban tree species composition related to biome? (2) Do any such patterns result solely from the presence of native species in urban floras? (3) Which climatic, demographic and economic variables are predictive of urban tree species composition? Location: Continental USA. Methods: We investigated patterns of tree species composition in small cities across the continental USA, specifically exploring relationships to surrounding biomes and their accompanying temperature and precipitation regimes, as well as to key demographic and economic variables. We estimated urban tree species composition by surveying tree experts in randomly selected cities that were stratified by minimum temperature (i.e. ‘hardiness zone’) and biome, and constrained to similar population sizes. We then used non-metric multidimensional scaling to investigate relationships between urban tree species composition, biome classification, native status, individual climate variables and several anthropogenic factors. Results: We found that urban tree communities were consistently related to the surrounding biome, even after controlling for minimum temperatures. These communities could also be predicted by several individual climatic variables (in models that focused solely on the role of climate as well as models that simultaneously considered key anthropogenic factors). In addition, most of these general patterns were still present when we exclusively examined nonnative species. We were unable to identify specific climatic and anthropogenic variables of broad importance because the most predictive variables were highly dependent upon the specific analysis.
Lightweight agents for intrusion detection

We have designed and implemented an intrusion detection system (IDS) prototype based on mobile agents. Our agents travel between monitored systems in a network of distributed systems, obtain information from data cleaning agents, classify and correlate information, and report the information to a user interface and database via mediators.Agent systems with lightweight agent support allow runtime addition of new capabilities to agents. We describe the design of our Multi-agent IDS and show how lightweight agent capabilities allowed us to add communication and collaboration capabilities to the mobile agents in our IDS.
Molecular characterization and dynamics of hepatitis C virus replication in human fetal hepatocytes infected in vitro

The molecular features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in human fetal hepatocytes (HFHs) were addressed in this study. Using a competitive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the quantitation of HCV-RNA molecules, the highest level of viral replication was detected 30 days' postinfection. At this time point, viral particles of 41 to 45 nm in diameter accumulated in the cell cytoplasm. Their density in cell extracts and culture medium was distributed between heavy (1.180-1.360 g/cm3) and light fractions (1.105-1.050 g/cm3) of a sucrose gradient, while, in the serum inoculum, they had a positive fraction at 1.180 g/cm3. In infected HFHs, minus-strand HCV RNA was observed in fractions displaying a sedimentation coefficient of 28 S to 18 S, while plus-strand HCV RNA showed a peak restricted to the 21 S fraction; the HCV RNA of serum inoculum had a sedimentation coefficient of 38 to 40 S, which revealed the presence of HCV RNA of unique positive polarity. The 21 S RNA fraction of cell extracts was resistant to 20 minutes of RNase I digestion, while the same incubation time totally inactivated a comparable amount of HCV RNA purified from the serum inoculum, revealing the presence of completely and/or partially double-stranded HCV-RNA molecules in the infected cells. Detection in HFHs of replicative forms and replicative intermediates suggests that the dynamic profile of HCV replication in these cells is similar to that described in other flaviviruses.
Fluid dynamic design of lobster olfactory organs: high speed kinematic analysis of antennule flicking by Panulirus argus.

Many organisms use olfactory appendages bearing arrays of microscopic hairs to pick up chemical signals from the surrounding water or air. We report a morphometric and high speed kinematic analysis of the olfactory organs (lateral flagella of the antennules, which bear chemosensory aesthetasc hairs) of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Panulirus argus sample specific locations by executing a rapid series of antennule flicks at one position, moving the antennule to a different spot and then performing another series of flicks. Odorant delivery to an aesthetasc depends on the water motion near it, which depends on its Reynolds number (Re, proportional to both the diameter and speed of the hair). High speed video enabled us to resolve that during a series of flicks, an antennule moves down rapidly (aesthetasc Re = 2) and up more slowly (Re = 0.5), pausing briefly (~0.54 s) before the next downstroke. The antennules of P. argus operate in a range of Re values and interaesthetasc spacings in which penetration of fluid between the hairs in an array is especially sensitive to changes in speed. Therefore, when antennules flick ‘old’ water is flushed out of the aesthetasc array during the leaky downstroke and is not picked up again during the less leaky upstroke, hence the antennules can take discrete samples. Thus, by operating in this critical Re range these antennules should be particularly effective at sniffing.
Scheduling conditional data-flow graphs with resource sharing

This paper proposes pipeline scheduling algorithms for conditional branches and loop constructs, which are represented in the form of a conditional data-flow graph, where each node is associated with a condition vector. A novel data structure for dynamic resource sharing and a novel scheduling algorithm for resource sharing are proposed. Based on such a data structure and a modified rotation scheduling technique, a scheduling algorithm that performs resource sharing and loop pipelining simultaneously is designed.
The analytical study of terrorism: Taking stock

This article presents an eclectic review of the analytical study of terrorism that views all agents as rational decisionmakers. This analytical literature began in earnest with the seminal study of...
A Dithio-Coupled Kinase and ATPase Assay

Kinases and ATPases produce adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as a common product, so an assay that detects ADP would provide a universal means for activity-based screening of enzymes in these families. Because it is known that most kinases accept ATPβS (sulfur on the β-phosphorous) as a substrate in place of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the authors have developed a continuous assay using this substrate, with detection of the ADPβS product using dithio reagents. Such an assay is possible because dithio groups react selectively with ADPβS and not with ATPβS. Thiol detection was done using both Ellman’s reagent (DTNB) and a recently developed fluorescent dithio reagent, DSSA. Therefore, the assay can be run in both absorbance and fluorescence detection modes. The assay was used to perform steady-state kinetic analyses of both hexokinase and myosin ATPase. It was also used to demonstrate the diastereoselectivity of hexokinase (R) and myosin ATPase (S) for the isomers of ATPβS, consistent with previous results. When run in fluorescence mode using a plate reader, an average
Resonant reflection of shallow-water waves due to corrugated boundaries

One-dimensional, nonlinear, shallow-water wave equations are derived from two-dimensional Boussinesq equations to investigate resonant reflections due to corrugated boundaries. Small, but short-wave undulations are introduced through water depth and channel width. Coupled nonlinear equations for the transmitted and reflected wave fields are derived and solved numerically. In the simple case where undulations are zero (the reflection is also zero), the governing equations are used to study the propagation of permanent shallow-water waves (cnoidal waves) and to examine the generation of higher harmonics in shallow-water waves. The present numerical results show that the nonlinear effects are very important in considering the resonant reflection of cnoidal waves from a rippled bed.
The Effect of the Ellipticity of Jupiter’s Orbit on the Capture of Comets to Short-Period Orbits

Single, random, close encounters of long-period comets with Jupiter are studied. In contrast to earlier work, Jupiter’s orbit is taken to be elliptical, but this has no effect on the rate of capture into short-period orbits and neither does it influence the distribution of longitudes of perihelion.
Symbolic analysis methods for masks, circuits and systems

Symbolic representations of systems can achieve a high degree of compaction relative to more explicit forms. By casting and analysis task in terms of operations on a symbolic representation, large and complex systems can be analyzed efficiently. This paper summarizes research in applying symbolic analysis methods to systems at several levels of abstraction. >
Female Offenders and Their Guards: a programme to promote moral and ego development of both groups

Abstract The study was designed as a test of an especially constructed series of dilemma discussion methods for an experimental group of female offenders and their guards. The programme conducted on prison grounds, consisted of a five‐month programme for the offenders and a separate ten‐month programme for the staff. The results indicated that the experimental group of inmates improved on both the Defining Issues Test (DIT), an estimate of moral judgement and the Loevinger Sentence Completion Test (SCT), an estimate of ego development, when compared to a random group. The results for the staff programme were similar except that initially the guards’ scores were much lower than those of the inmates, especially on the DIT. Two‐year, follow‐up information indicated that the experimental group of females achieved more positive outcomes than did the controls. Implications for prison reform from an educational and developmental perspective are stressed.
Functional Varying Coefficient Models

Functional varying coefficient models provide a versatile and flexible analysis tool for relating longitudinal responses to longitudinal predictors. Two key innovations are: Representing the varying coefficient functions through auto- and cross-covariances of the underlying stochastic processes; and including history effects through a smooth history index function. This presentation is a review of the paper Senturk and Muller (2010).
Proliferation of human hematopoietic bone marrow cells in simulated microgravity.

Expansion and/or maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) potential following in vitro culture remains a major obstacle in stem cell biology and bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Several studies suggest that culture of mammalian cells in microgravity (μ-g) may reduce proliferation and differentiation of these cells. We investigated the application of these findings to the field of stem cell biology in the hopes of expanding HSC with minimal loss of hematopoietic function. To this end, BM CD34+ cells were cultured for 4–6 d in rotating wall vessels for simulation of μ-g, and assessed for expansion, cell cycle activation, apoptosis, and hematopoietic potential. While CD34+ cells cultured in normal gravity (1-g) proliferated up to threefold by day 4–6, cells cultured in μ-g did not increase in number. As a possible explanation for this, cells cultured in simulated μ-g were found to exit G0/G1 phase of cell cycle at a slower rate than 1-g controls. When assayed for primitive hematopoietic potential in secondary conventional 1-g long-term cultures, cells from initial μ-g cultures produced greater numbers of cells and progenitors, and for a longer period of time, than cultures initiated with 1-g control cells. Similar low levels of apoptosis and adhesion molecule phenotype in μ-g and 1-g-cultured cells suggested similar growth patterns in the two settings. These data begin to elucidate the effects of μ-g on proliferation of human hematopoietic cells and may be potentially beneficial to the fields of stem cell biology and somatic, gene therapy.
State efforts to measure the health care safety net

This article describes the role states could play in a national effort to measure and monitor the public health safety net. The authors developed a data collection framework using information from five states on two components of the safety net: structure and demand. Because states are the primary vehicle for access expansions and programs to care for the poor, the authors suggest that they be the primary coordinating mechanism for data collection on the safety net. Because the necessary mechanisms for more uniform standards or criteria to evaluate state data collection activities and capacity remain undeveloped, they recommend using existing data to begin building state capacity to measure and monitor the safety net.
Severe Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Infection With Failure to Respond to Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin

Guillain-Barn! syndrome is a subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyradicular neuropathy of the peripheral nerves. It is characterized by varying degrees of weakness, sensory abnormalities, and autonomic dysfunction. The cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is not completely understood, but it is believed to be a postinfectious autoimmune disorder, because approximately two thirds of all cases are preceded by an infection, such as those caused by human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Campylobacter jejuni. Occasionally Guillain -Barre syndrome has been reported to come after vaccinations of various types. C jejuni infection, thought to be the most common antecedent infection to Guillain-Barre syndrome and the only bacterial infection that regularly precedes it, has been implicated in 50 to 75 percent of all cases. Culture studies have proved that a high proportion of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome have C jejuni infection in their stools at the time of the onset of neurologic symptoms as well. We describe a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with gastrointestinal C jejuni infection. This case not only highlights the clinical aspects of Guillain-Barre syndrome but also illustrates the severity of this neurologic syndrome and the lack of response to both plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin therapy.
Population ecology of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Ecology of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was studied in situ by the use of the immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion techniques. The fluorescent antibodies (FA) prepared against four strains of Sulfolobus were highly reactive against their homologous antigens. Two of the FA's were strain specific and the other two exhibited reciprocal corssreactions against each other's antigens, but immunodiffusion patterns showed that the two strains were not identical. The growth of a serologically distinct isolate in a hot spring was measured by immunofluorescence staining of immersion slides. On glass immersion slides Sulfolobus grew and formed colonies with a mean-doubling time of approximately 36 h. Immunofluorescence was applied to study the geographical distribution of two serologically different strains and to establish population composition of individual springs. One strain was found in all sites studied, and most springs contained more than one serologic type. Immunodiffusion was capable of detecting specific Sulfolobus antigens in hot springs which contained a high population of FA-reactive cells.
Isostructural Zeolite-Supported Rhodium and Iridium Complexes: Tuning Catalytic Activity and Selectivity by Ligand Modification

A family of isostructural, essentially molecular complexes of rhodium and of iridium anchored to HY zeolite was synthesized from M(C2H4)2(acac) and M(CO)2(acac) (M = Rh, Ir; acac is acetylacetonate), with the initial supported species being M(C2H4)2 and M(CO)2, each bonded to the zeolite through two M–O bonds. Each was used as a catalyst at 300 and 373 K and atmospheric pressure for the conversion of ethylene in the presence of H2 (and sometimes D2), giving ethane and, when the metal was rhodium, butenes, and, when D2 was present, HD. The high degree of uniformity of the metal complexes allowed a precise spectroscopic elucidation of the predominant species present during catalysis. The CO ligands were inhibitors of the catalytic reactions, with the metal dicarbonyl complexes lacking measurable activity under our conditions. The CO ligands also served as probes helping to characterize the structures and electronic properties of the catalytic metal complexes. The data show that subtle changes in the bonding...
Effects of Astragalus sinicus Ploughed at Different Growth Stages on Its Nitrogen Content and Rice Yield

An filed plot experiment in the dry matter weight and plant nitrogen content of Astragalus sinicus at different growth stages after flourishing flowering was carried out from 2009 to 2010,and the effects of Astragalus sinicus ploughed at different growth stages on soil fertility and rice yield were studied.The results showed that the wet matter weight and nitrogen content of Astragalus sinicus decreased from flourishing flowering stage to maturity stage,however,the per-unit area dry matter weight increased.It was an ideal choice to plough Astragalus sinicus at flourishing flowering stage for high quality soil fertility and high rice yield.Though ploughing Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage meant less nitrogen content,it had more economic benefits,such as reducing tillage cost,saving seeds,increasing the content of organic matter in rice field and so on.
Cybersecurity Snapshot: Google, Twitter, and Other Online Databases

Every day, millions of attacks are carried out on the networks and computer systems. In recent years, these numbers have increased dramatically. All it requires is one success for a hacker to gain unauthorized access and data, but for administrators, it is a constant battle to protect what is rightfully theirs. In this paper, we look into how these attacks have increased, what the studies of various databases and reports say on how and what types of data are being breached, who is breaching them, and how they are breaching the systems. Also, we propose various unconventional ways to prevent these attacks from happening in the future. Furthermore, this paper lists the top 26 bug-fix times reported in the Google Security Research Project (GSRP). This article brings to light reoccurring cyber threats, challenges associated with these threats, and emerging trends in the domain of cyber security.
Early Experience with the Duraphase Penile Prosthesis

AbstractA retrospective review of the medical records of 26 consecutive patients who underwent surgical implantation of the DuraPhase penile prosthesist for erectile impotence was performed. In addition, telephone interviews were used to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction with the device.Average patient age was 61 years. The presumed etiology of erectile dysfunction was vascular in 19 patients, postoperative in 4 and neurogenic in 3. Followup averaged 5 months (range 1 to 15 months). Sixteen patients and partners with a minimum of 3 months of followup were evaluated for satisfaction with the device. On a scale of 1 to 10 the average patient score was 8.6 and the average partner score was 9.Our early experience with the DuraPhase penile prosthesis has been favorable. Surgical insertion is simple, and patient and partner satisfaction has been superior. The device functions easily, can be well concealed and has excellent axial rigidity for intercourse.
An Engineering Method for Safety Region Development

Abstract : In this report, we study tolerance of semantic faults, one of the crucial Issues In the Simplex(TM) architecture. In particular, we examine semantic faults that cause the controlled device to be unsafe (i.e., unable to carry out its normal operation) and eventually cause the device to become damaged. We also consider fault detection as a safety check. For the class of control systems operating around an equilibrium, the objective of maintaining the safety of the controlled device is formulated as a stabilization problem, and the safety of the controlled device is tested against the stability region of the device under the safety control. To establish the stability region, we apply the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) methodologies. It is shown that the stability region for a given safety controller as well as a safety control law can be systematically derived by LMI based approaches. We conclude the report with a summary of the procedure for deriving the safety check and safety controller for a given application.
Family-Based Treatments for Adolescent Substance Use.

Adolescent substance use is a major risk factor for negative outcomes, including substance dependence later in life, criminal behavior, school problems, mental health disorders, injury, and death. This article provides a user-friendly, clinically focused, and pragmatic review of current and evidence-based family treatments, including multisystemic therapy, multidimensional family therapy, functional family therapy, brief strategic family therapy, ecologically based family therapy, family behavior therapy, culturally informed flexible family treatment for adolescents, and strengths-oriented family therapy. Outcomes, treatment parameters, adolescent characteristics, and implementation factors are reviewed.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
From Nuremberg to the Human Genome: The Rights of Human Research Participants

In 1946 and 1947 a military court of the United States, as the occupying power for Southern Germany, tried 20 physicians and three nonphysician Nazi officials for crimes committed in the course of human experiments performed in German oncentration and prisoner of war camps. Seven of the defendants were acquitted; nine were sentenced to prison terms of varying lengths, and seven were sentenced to death. On June 2, 1948, the seven condemned men were hanged by the neck until dead.1
Narrative and Moral Deliberation

This chapter describes narrative as an aesthetic form of cognition well suited for bridging the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 moral cognitions. It is argued that there are two ways to construct narratives: one by means of Type 1 processes and the other by means of Type 2 processes. Type 1 narratives are the most critical because they provide not merely representations of the flow of human experience, but the possibility of simulating the flow of human experience in human consciousness. This simulation ability creates opportunities for experimenting with different possible moral scenarios and testing them by experiencing the aesthetic judgments those scenarios evoke.
Overexpression of the TGF-Beta Modulator .Bambi Promotes Hematopoetic Stem Cell Proliferation.

Abstract 1446 Poster Board I-469 Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) normally reside in a quiescent state in the bone marrow. During times of stress, HSCs are activated to begin differentiation and self-renewal, replenishing the supply of myeloid and lymphoid cells present in the blood. The mechanisms regulating this rapid activation have not been fully elucidated. We previously identified the TGF-beta modulator Bambi (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) to be upregulated four-fold in HSCs compared to differentiated cells. Bambi codes for a transmembrane pseudoreceptor that inhibits TGF-beta receptor activation. Since TGF-beta signaling has been established to be important for induction of HSC quiescence as well as cell-cycle inhibition in long-term progenitors, we hypothesize that Bambi may play an important role in the regulation of HSCs. Using a retroviral vector, we overexpressed Bambi in bone marrow cells. Overexpression of Bambi resulted in increased colony-formation in vitro when compared to control cells. Furthermore, transduced cells expressed higher levels of the cell-cycle marker Ki-67, indicating a greater proportion of cells in active stages of the cell cycle. To verify the results of these assays in vivo , bone marrow overexpressing Bambi was transplanted into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Bambi -overexpressing cells demonstrated a higher level of engraftment in all lineages than control cells at several time points, which confirms the previous in vitro data suggesting greater cell cycle activity. Moreover, we identified the pathway through which Bambi acts by monitoring the levels of phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2), a downstream target of TGF-beta. Overexpression of Bambi resulted in a distinctly lower level of pSmad2, which explains the cell-cycle effects seen in vivo and in vitro . These studies show that Bambi functions to promote HSC proliferation and a probable mode of action in HSCs is through decreased pSmad2 levels from inhibition of the TGF-beta pathway. Bambi has been shown to be upregulated in certain leukemias, and a more complete understanding of the mechanism through which Bambi acts will provide better opportunities for therapeutic innovation. This research was graciously funded by an NIH grant and the ASH Trainee Research Award. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Introduction to Biomaterials and Devices for Bone Disorders

The idea behind this introductory chapter is to help the reader to get a brief overview of different biomaterials, devices, and their applications in various treatment options toward bone disorders. It is written in a language that can be understood by most researchers even if they do not have much of a background in materials science or bone biology. The biomaterials field is very dynamic, interdisciplinary, and almost every day some forms of new discoveries are being made by researchers around the world. However, our aim toward this chapter was to present materials that are more mature and have seen the light of clinical success. We have briefly discussed both synthetic and natural materials used in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. We have highlighted some of their advantages as well as potential concerns. Finally, a brief narrative is presented emphasizing clinical applications of different biomaterials.