cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bringing Practice to the Classroom Using a Deliberative Learning and Case Study Approach to Teach International Planning

More effective methods are needed to meet the Planning Accreditation Board’s requirement to teach all master’s students about the “global dimensions of planning.” Our survey of accredited US planning programs confirms that field-based courses, traditionally the most effective option, are costly and time-consuming and are therefore occasional, rather than regular, options for exposing students to international planning practice. Based on active learning theories, we suggest that a deliberative learning, case-based approach can facilitate many of the learning outcomes that make travel courses so attractive while also making internationally oriented pedagogies available to a wider range of students and programs.
What do epidemiologic observations tell us about the etiology of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with an entirely different set of genetic alterations from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Over 90% of IDDM carry HLA type DR3, DR4 or both. Several theories have been proposed to explain how the genetic alterations are translated into a beta cell destructive process. All involve the elaboration of a beta cell autoantigen. A major current research focus is on the development of pharmacologic approaches to the control of the beta cell destructive process (cyclosporine A). This has led to a shift in interest to the early identification of individuals at risk for IDDM. Many questions remain to be answered. In our paper emphasis is placed on epidemiological research. In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, we have found an incidence of 1.73 cases/1000 (incidence rate of 15/100,000/year). There were marked geographical variations (incidence rate of 1/100,000/year in Asian countries, of 40/100,000/year in Finland). This suggests that there are major environmental determinants leading to expression of disease in genetically susceptible individuals. There are no geographical differences in the main age of onset, the sex ratio and the clinical patterns in the initial course of newly detected IDDM. In all parts of the world islet cell antibodies are positive in 60-80% of newly diagnosed IDDM. Migration of children from their native homeland with a low incidence rate to a country with high incidence rate was accompanied by an increase of incidence. The following potential environmental factors have been considered: viral infections, environmental toxins, nutrients, and stress. In our view IDDM occurs in genetically susceptible individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AOA's current trends in pharmacology and therapeutics histamine and antihistamine agents.

BACKGROUND Drugs that selectively block the H-1 subtype of histamine receptors are known as classical antihistamines. METHODS These agents are used for the symptomatic relief of allergies and colds and because they act in a manner similar to atropine, and are often used for their anticholinergic effects. They are readily available as prescription and over-the-counter medications and it is likely that the practicing optometrist will encounter these drugs in their patient population. RESULTS Antihistamines produces several common ocular side effects that include blurred vision, diplopia, mydriasis, and decreased lacrimation. CONCLUSIONS This article reviews the physiology of histamine as it relates to the pharmacology of antihistamines, the mechanism of action, and adverse effects associated with the classical antihistamines.
Predictive validity of a quality measure for intensive substance use disorder treatment

ABSTRACTBackground: Measures of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment quality are essential tools for performance improvement. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) developed a measure of access to and engagement in intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) for SUD. However, predictive validity, or associations between this measure and treatment outcomes, has not been examined. Methods: Data on veterans with SUD came from 3 samples: the Outcomes Monitoring Project (N = 5436), a national evaluation of VHA mental health services (N = 339,887), and patients receiving detoxification services (N = 23,572). Propensity score–weighted mixed-effects regressions modeled associations between receiving at least 1 week of IOP treatment and patient outcomes, controlling for facility-level performance and a random effect for facility. Results: Propensity score weighting reduced or eliminated observable baseline differences between patient groups. Patients who accessed IOPs versus those who did not reported significantly ...
HISTORICISM AND ITS PROBLEMS: Meinecke

[Throughout his long life Friedrich Meinecke (1862–1954), the best-known German historian of the twentieth century, tried to deepen and strengthen the Ranke tradition, even as the crises of his country and his discipline threatened that tradition. A student in Droysen’s course in historical method and an early admirer of Dilthey, Meinecke sought to broaden historicism by bringing it closer to the philosophical revival of the late nineteenth century. After several years as an archivist, Meinecke became co-editor of the Historische Zeitschrift in 1894, and in 1902 received his first full-time academic appointment at the University of Strasbourg. In his most important historical works Weltburgertum and Nationalstaat (1908) and Die Idee der Staatsrason in der neueren Geschichte (1924), he broke with the prevailing genre of political and institutional history and, by analyzing the historically most important ideas of the leading statesmen and political thinkers, reinterpreted several epochs of modern history. This Ideengeschichte has in turn been criticized for being narrowly ‘intellectualistic and neglectful of the general historic conditions of society.
Non-invasive bat species identification from mixed-species samples using a microarray

Identifying species from non-invasively collected, mixed species samples for biodiversity monitoring can be difficult and expensive using typical molecular methods because samples are often degraded. This is the case when identifying the species of bats present in roosts where guano may be the only means of assessment without disturbing the bats themselves. To aid in such studies, we developed species-specific DNA probes and a microarray capable of identifying most bat species in the United States and Canada using our existing database of 16S mitochondrial DNA sequences. The microarray was sensitive enough to detect DNA diluted 1:500 for several species combinations and was able to detect the presence of more species in mixed guano samples collected from roosts than did direct sequencing from individual fecal pellets. We suggest that these DNA probes and the microarray could be a valuable tool with which to non-invasively monitor bat populations and roost use.
Mold Infections After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Fungi, especially those caused by yeasts and molds, have been a major concern in transplantation for many years. Shortly after successful strategies were adopted to prevent candidiasis, infections caused by molds emerged as the prominent problem. Epidemiology and outcomes studies performed in the 1990s demonstrated that mold infections, especially invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, had become a leading cause of infection during both the early pre-engraftment and late post-allogeneic transplant time periods, with high rates of death. Today, both the epidemiology and outcomes of mold infections have changed, in large part associated with earlier diagnosis and increased use of azole-based therapies. This chapter will review historical changes, update diagnostics and therapies, and discuss emerging issues that are likely to warrant more attention in the future.
Reassessment of the Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Rolled I-Section Members: Moment Gradient Tests

AbstractThe lateral torsional buckling (LTB) equations in some current standards are based on unified equations that are a fit to a large body of experimental test data. However, these curves tend ...
Avoiding 'The Big Chill': Protecting the Attorney-Client Relationship from the Effect of Zurcher

This article examines the Zurcher v.Stanford Daily case and its aftermath. The article further explores the controversy surrounding post-Zurcher searches of non-suspect attorneys' offices. These searches raise several legal concerns and presents difficult decisions to attorneys served with search warrants.
Experimental Measurement of Anisotropy in Crystal-Melt Interfacial Energy

Experimental methods for the determination of anisotropy in crystal-melt interfacial energy are explored. Equilibrium shape measurements of liquid droplets entrained in single-phase solid are utilized and results are reported for an Al-Cu and an Al-Si alloy. The grain boundary groove method for determination of interfacial energy anisotropy is also examined. A complete coupled-groove solution is presented for a general tilt-boundary groove. The effects of various physical parameters, including interface energy anisotropy, on the groove shape are discussed.
Heterogeneity of collagens in rabbit cornea: type VI collagen.

Normal adult rabbit corneas were digested with 5% pepsin and their collagens extracted with acetic acid. Collagen extracts were fractionated by differential salt precipitation. The 2.5 M NaCl fraction was then redissolved with tris buffer and precipitated with sodium acetate. The precipitate contained a high-molecular-weight disulfide-bonded aggregate which, upon reduction with mercaptoethanol, was converted into three distinct polypeptides having molecular weights between 45 and 66 Kd. These physical characteristics, together with the susceptibility of these polypeptides to collagenase and their amino acid composition, identified the high molecular weight aggregate as type VI collagen. Corneas from neonate rabbits and adult corneas containing 2-week-old scars were organ cultured in the presence of (/sup 14/C) glycine to incorporate radiolabel into collagen. Tissues were digested with 0.02% pepsin and their collagens extracted with formic acid. The total radioactivity of the extracts and tissue residues was determined before the collagens were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Radioactive collagen polypeptides bands were then stained with Coomassie blue, processed for fluorography, and analyzed by densitometry. The results show that: (1) type VI collagen is synthesized by neonate corneas and healing adult corneas; (2) it is not readily solubilized from either corneal tissue by 0.02% pepsin digestionmore » and formic acid extraction; and (3) the proportion of type VI collagen deposited in scar tissue is markedly lower than that found in neonate corneas.« less
Cytosolic and Nuclear Co-localization of Betalain Biosynthetic Enzymes in Tobacco Suggests that Betalains Are Synthesized in the Cytoplasm and/or Nucleus of Betalainic Plant Cells.

Betalains replace anthocyanins as color pigments in most families of Caryophyllales. Unlike anthocyanins, betalains are derived from tyrosine via three enzymatic steps: hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA; step 1), and conversion of L-DOPA to betalamic acid (step 2), and to cyclo-DOPA (cDOPA; step 3). The principal enzymes responsible for these reactions have been elucidated at the molecular level, but their subcellular localizations have not been explored; hence, the intracellular compartments wherein betalains are biosynthesized remain unknown. Here, we report on the subcellular localization of these principal enzymes. Bioinformatic predictors and N- and C-terminal GFP tagging in transgenic tobacco, showed that Beta vulgaris CYP76AD1 which mediates both step 1 and step 3, DODA1 that catalyzes step 2, and CYP76AD6 which also mediates step 1, were similarly localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus (although the P450s were also weakly present in the endoplasmic reticulum). These two compartments were also the principal locations of Mirabilis jalapa cDOPA5GT. The cytoplasmic and nuclear co-localization of these key enzymes in tobacco suggests that betalains are biosynthesized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of betalain-containing plant cells. Elucidation of the subcellular compartmentation of betalain biosynthesis will facilitate the bioengineering of the betalain biosynthetic pathway in non-betalain-containing plants.
Three Lectures on the Foundations of Quantum Theory and Quantum Electrodynamics

The common feature of these three lectures is to explore the borderline region between classical physics and quantum physics. I do not think that one kind of physical laws stop being applicable sharply and another regime of laws begin. Rather the intrinsic properties of electrons and photons are more complicated than the classical physics assumes them to be and that we have to explore how we approximate these internal structures in classical theory and in quantum theory.
Fatigue repair of underwater navigation steel structures using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)

Abstract The nation’s Steel Hydraulic Structures (SHS) have significant deterioration caused by the effects of complex phenomena including corrosion and fatigue cracking caused by mixed mode loading. Current methods of repair of SHS, adopted primarily from the bridge engineering industry, have proven ineffective because they were developed for Mode 1 loading (tension) only. Various studies have been carried out to assess the use of CFRP for the rehabilitation of the aging and deteriorated infrastructure systems in the United States, however no research has been conducted on submerged steel structures. This paper presents the evaluation and implementation of an innovative retrofit method of CFRP to repair and strengthen the strut arms of a tainter valve. The evaluation of the retrofit method required a Fitness-for-Service fatigue assessment followed by a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the tainter valve with and without the retrofit method. Finally, the article presents the installation procedures used to install the CFRP retrofit and describes the advantages of the innovative repair techniques resulting in two to four folds increase of fatigue life.
Gross Pathology of Routine Pediatric Tonsillectomy Specimens: Optimizing the Value of Patient Care.

ObjectiveThis investigation seeks to evaluate the effect of gross pathologic analysis on our management of patients undergoing routine tonsillectomy and to evaluate charges and reimbursement.Study ...
Electronic interactions do not affect electronic decoherence in the pure-dephasing limit

The relationship between electronic interactions and electronic decoherence is a fundamental problem in chemistry. Here we show that varying the electron-electron interactions does not affect the electronic decoherence in the pure-dephasing limit. In this limit, the effect of varying the electronic interactions is to rigidly shift in energy the diabatic potential energy surfaces without changing their shape, thus keeping the nuclear dynamics in these surfaces that leads to the electronic decoherence intact. This analysis offers a simple and intuitive understanding of previous theoretical and computational efforts to characterize the influence of electronic interactions on the decoherence and opens opportunities to study exact electronic decoherence with approximate electronic structure theories.
Review of Learning Catalytics, An Interactive Student Response Tool

It is now widely accepted that students gain more from “active learning” techniques that enable student participation than from traditional lecturing (Freeman et al. 2014). Yet active learning can ...
Investigation of acute poisoning event caused by carbofuran

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and response process of an acute poisoning event caused by carbofuran in buttered tea and provide scientific evidence for the investigation of similar events in the future. Methods Field epidemiological survey, animal experiments and laboratory tests were conducted for an acute poisoning event occurred in Suopo township of Danba county of Sichuan province in 2018. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the acute poisoning event. Results A total of 26 poisoning cases occurred in 3 villages. The total attack rate was 41.27%. No death cases were reported. The 26 cases occurred in a few minutes after drinking buttered tea, the main symptoms were vomit, dizziness, miosis and nausea. A dog showed the same symptoms after drinking a sample of buttered tea. Carbofuran was detected in buttered tea, vomitus and zanba samples. Conclusions The acute poisoning was caused by carbofuran in buttered tea, the transmission mode was point source spread. Effective epidemiological investigation and simple animal experiment can provide evidence for the rapid sample detection and clinical treatment of cases in emergency response. Timely case treatment and strict poisoning source control are the key measures to reduce casualty and prevent the spread of poisoning. Key words: Carbofuran; Poisoning; Investigation
A case report of heart transplant for ischaemic cardiomyopathy from lupus coronary vasculitis.

Background Coronary vasculitis is a rare, life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Case summary A 23-year-old woman with SLE presented with typical angina and worsening dyspnoea on exertion. Coronary angiography revealed severe triple vessel disease with a 'string of beads' appearance classic for coronary vasculitis. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed ejection fraction of 25-30% with a severely hypokinetic distal septum and distal anterior wall and an akinetic apical wall. Despite vasculitis treatment with cyclophosphamide and pulse-dose steroids, her coronary vasculitis did not improve. She was refractory to anti-anginal and guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure and successfully underwent orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Discussion This is the first reported case of OHT in the case of SLE coronary vasculitis. Chronic SLE coronary vasculitis is caused by lymphocyic infiltration leading to inflammation and fibrosis of the major epicardial coronary arteries but can be successfully managed with OHT when refractory to medical SLE and heart failure therapies. It can affect patients of all ages with SLE, emphasizing the importance of thorough history taking and clinical evaluation in young patients presenting with cardiac symptoms to establish an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Transparent High-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer for Photoacoustic Microscopy Application

We report the development of an optically transparent high-frequency ultrasonic transducer using lithium niobate single-crystal and indium–tin–oxide electrodes with up to 90% optical transmission in the visible-to-near-infrared spectrum. The center frequency of the transducer was at 36.9 MHz with 33.9%, at −6 dB fractional bandwidth. The photoacoustic imaging capability of the fabricated transducer was also demonstrated by successfully imaging a resolution target and mouse-ear vasculatures in vivo , which were irradiated by a 532 nm pulse laser transmitted through the transducer.
CHAPTER 6 – Natural Gas

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on natural gas. Natural gas is closely related to petroleum. It is formed under the same geological conditions like petroleum. Decomposition of organic matters in the absence of oxygen, with the aid of bacteria, like the “marsh gas” of swamps, results in methane and other hydrocarbons. If collected and retained in the traps of reservoir rocks, natural gas in large quantities occurs together with oil as well as alone. Chemically, natural gas is mostly methane (CH4), about 75% to 99% of the gas; however, small quantities of other hydrocarbons can also be found in natural gas, along with carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Gas in oil reservoirs aids the extraction of oil in a way similar to the air in pressure tanks of suburban well-supplied home water systems. Gas expands as the pressure is released by pumping out the oil, and it squeezes out the oil from the pores and cracks of the rock. In secondary oil recovery methods, gas is often pumped back into the reservoir to increase the oil production. Gas is a clean burning fuel, not like coal, which produces enormous air pollution. It is an efficient fuel because it is used in its natural state and does not have to be generated from other fuels. Of oil-associated gases, the lightest produced in oil refineries are methane and ethane. These normally serve as fuels in the refineries and can be burnt as waste products if not saleable.
Landform type mediates compositional change in a hurricane-disturbed sub-tropical forest

Categorization of topographical features into landform type is a long-standing method for understanding physiographic patterns in the environment. Differences in forest composition between landform types are driven primarily by concurrent differences in soil composition and moisture, but also disturbance regime. Many studies have focused on the interaction between fire disturbance, succession, and landforms, but the effects of hurricane disturbance on compositional differences between landforms are poorly understood. In the study presented here, we assess compositional and structural differences between landform types in the tree community of a young sub-tropical forest that is frequently subjected to hurricanes. Specifically, we ask whether the tree community (1) changed structurally over the study period, (2) experienced compositional change over the study period, (3) is compositionally different between landform types, and (4) exhibits compositional change mediated by landform type. The tree community experienced significant structural change over the course of our study, but compositional change was only significant for some landforms. Despite large-scale, intense, and frequent hurricane disturbance to our study system, compositional change in the tree community was localized and only significant for some landform types.
Reliability and Validity of Acetabular and Femoral Bone Loss Classification Systems in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

BackgroundA variety of classification systems have been developed to help surgeons treat patients with acetabular or femoral bone loss in total hip arthroplasty, yet no “gold standard” for classifi...
When Government is Late to Fulfill its End of the Bargain: The Relational Effects of Payment Delays on Nonprofit Organizations

Government payment delay is one of the major problems that nonprofits encounter when delivering government funded services. This study argues that government payment delays not only impose negative...
The Effects of Gait Speed and Psychomotor Speed on Risk for Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults with Medical Comorbidities

Background/objectives Gait speed and psychomotor speed slow with age and may predict neuropsychiatric disease such as depression and anxiety. We explored the relative predictive values of gait speed, psychomotor slowing, and a composite index of these two measures on time to new episode depression or anxiety in older adults at risk for these common psychiatric conditions. Design Randomized controlled prevention trial with 15-month follow-up. Setting University-based late-life mental health research clinic. Participants Two hundred thirteen individuals, age 60+ years, with subsyndromal symptoms of depression or anxiety and one of the following risk factors for these common conditions: mild cognitive impairment, knee osteoarthritis, or disabilities requiring home-based care. Intervention Participants in each of the risk factor groups were randomized to a depression-specific preventive intervention or usual care. Measurements Gait speed: 4-m walk test from the Short Physical Performance Battery. Psychomotor speed: Coding task of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. We created a composite index of slowing by determining whether participants exceeded established cut-offs for slow performance in both gait speed (≤0.8 m/s) and psychomotor speed ( Results Fifty-four participants developed syndromal depression/anxiety (19.5%) over the course of 15 months. Participants with slowing in both areas were over twice as likely to experience new onset depression/anxiety (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-4.40, P = .046) compared to participants with no slowing in either area. Slowed gait (HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 0.992-3.55; P = .052) or slowed psychomotor speed (HR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.14-2.58; P = .488) alone did not increase risk for depression/anxiety. Conclusion Evaluating both gait and psychomotor speed in older adults with medical comorbidities and sub-syndromal depression may predict incident mental illness and inform prevention planning. Future research is needed to validate our observations and explore shared neurobiological mechanisms that explain this elevated risk.
Social predictors of daily relations between college women's physical activity intentions and behavior.

Women perform less physical activity (PA) than men, and this gap widens during college. This study examined college women’s daily PA intentions and behavior, and whether social support or social comparison orientation (SCO) moderated the PA intention-behavior relation. College women (N = 80) completed measures of social support and SCO at baseline. For seven consecutive days, participants completed an electronic survey to assess PA intentions and wore an activity monitor to assess minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Results indicated that intended and performed MVPA minutes were weakly related (p = 0.17, sr = 0.16). Social support did not moderate the intention-behavior relation, but SCO did (p = 0.04, sr = 0.21). Participants with stronger (vs. weaker) SCO, particularly a tendency to compare downward (i.e., to worse-off others), showed smaller discrepancies between intended and completed MVPA. College women frequently fail to achieve PA goals, but stronger tendencies to make (downward) social comparisons may minimize this gap and be a target for intervention.
Consistency and Robustness in Forecasting for Emerging Technologies: The Case of Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

There are a large number of accounts about rapidly declining costs of batteries with potentially transformative effects, but these accounts often are not based on detailed design and technical information. Using a method ideally suited for that purpose, we find that when experts are free to assume any battery pack design, a majority of the cost estimates are consistent with the ranges reported in the literature, although the range is notably large. However, we also find that 55% of relevant experts’ component-level cost projections are inconsistent with their total pack-level projections, and 55% of relevant experts’ elicited cost projections are inconsistent with the cost projections generated by putting their design- and process-level assumptions into our process-based cost model (PBCM). These results suggest a need for better understanding of the technical assumptions driving popular consensus regarding future costs. Approaches focusing on technological details first, followed by non-aggregated and systemic cost estimates while keeping the experts aware of any discrepancies, should they arise, may result in more accurate forecasts.
User-driven treadmill walking promotes healthy step width after stroke

Abstract Background Walking with user-driven treadmill control is believed to be more like overground walking than fixed-speed treadmill walking. Walking speed and ground reaction forces differ between overground and fixed-speed treadmill walking, but not between overground and user-driven treadmill walking in healthy and post-stroke subjects. However, studies assessing spatiotemporal gait parameters during user-driven treadmill walking are limited. This information may help confirm that user-driven treadmill walking is more like overground walking than fixed-speed treadmill walking, as well as inform the development of post-stroke gait rehabilitation programs. Research question How do spatiotemporal gait parameters for individuals post-stroke differ between fixed-speed and user-driven treadmill walking? Methods Eighteen subjects (10 M, 8 F; 62 ± 12 years; 1.73 ± 0.12 m; 84.9 ± 12.9 kg; 40 ± 30 months post-stroke) with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis participated in this study. Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill in its fixed-speed and user-driven modes at their self-selected and fastest comfortable walking speeds. Subjects wore retroreflective markers for motion capture. Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess for normality and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare between conditions with α = 0.05. Bonferroni corrections were used for multiple comparisons. Results Step width was significantly smaller with user-driven control (13.7 cm, 95 % CI: [0.131, 0.145]) than fixed-speed control (16.8 cm, 95 % CI:[0.160, 0.174]), while step length and step time did not differ across treadmill conditions. Step length and step time differed between self-selected and fast walking speeds, but not treadmill control conditions. Significance The results of this study show that user-driven treadmill control encourages healthy gait biomechanics and a greater sense of stability in post-stroke subjects. Individuals post-stroke walked with smaller step width with user-driven treadmill control, which has been associated with increased balance. Post-stroke gait rehabilitation may benefit from programs with user-driven treadmill training paradigms to improve mobility following stroke.
The Persistent Decline in Asset Utilization and the Investment-q Paradox

Despite Tobin’s q nearly doubling since the mid-1970s, the rate of corporate investment has fallen dramatically. We shed light on this paradox by decomposing q into three components relating to valuation, profitability, and asset utilization. This decomposition reveals that investment is remarkably responsive to asset utilization, more so than to valuation or profitability. This finding, combined with a pervasive and persistent decline in asset utilization over time, explains the significant drop in investment spending. Consistent with the idea that managers may be treating the stock market as more of a sideshow, we find that the impact of the valuation component of q on investment is rather modest. These empirical findings are extremely robust and hold across all G7 countries. Finally, we use this decomposition methodology to reexamine the debate around stock buybacks and find no evidence that these corporate payouts crowd out investment.
CIVIL PRACTICE Executions and Judicial Sales: Reduce the Continuously Published Period to Become the County’s Official Organ Designated to Run Official or Legal Advertising

The Act reduces the continuously published period requirement for a newspaper or journal to become a county's official organ designated to run official or legal advertising.
Who receives contraception counseling when starting new lupus medications? The potential roles of race, ethnicity, disease activity, and quality of communication.

ObjectiveFamily planning discussions are an important aspect of medical care for women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as active disease is a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes, and th...
Pipelined Back-Propagation for Context-Dependent Deep Neural Networks.

The Context-Dependent Deep-Neural-Network HMM, or CDDNN-HMM, is a recently proposed acoustic-modeling technique for HMM-based speech recognition that can greatly outperform conventional Gaussian-mixture based HMMs. For example, a CD-DNN-HMM trained on the 2000h Fisher corpus achieves 14.4% word error rate on the Hub5’00-FSH speakerindependent phone-call transcription task, compared to 19.6% obtained by a state-of-the-art, conventional discriminatively trained GMM-based HMM. That CD-DNN-HMM, however, took 59 days to train on a modern GPGPU—the immense computational cost of the minibatch based back-propagation (BP) training is a major roadblock. Unlike the familiar Baum-Welch training for conventional HMMs, BP cannot be efficiently parallelized across data. In this paper we show that the pipelined approximation to BP, which parallelizes computation with respect to layers, is an efficient way of utilizing multiple GPGPU cards in a single server. Using 2 and 4 GPGPUs, we achieve a 1.9 and 3.3 times end-to-end speed-up, at parallelization efficiency of 0.95 and 0.82, respectively, at no loss of recognition accuracy.
Evaluation of gene expression in pigs selected for enhanced reproduction using differential display PCR and human microarrays: I. Ovarian follicles

Differential display PCR (ddPCR) and complementary DNA microarray analyses were used to evaluate gene expression differences in porcine ovarian follicles between a line of pigs selected for an index of ovulation rate and embryo survival (Line I) and its randomly selected control line (Line C). Follicles (4.0 to 7.0 mm) were dissected from ovaries of multiparous sows (n = 27) at either 2 or 4 d following PGF2alpha analog injection on d 12 to 14 of the estrous cycle. Using ddPCR, differentially expressed bands (n = 282) were excised from gels and 107 were sequenced, yielding 84 unique porcine follicle expressed sequence tags. Northern hybridization confirmed differential expression (between lines, days, or follicle sizes) for messenger RNA representing the calpain I light subunit, cytochrome C oxidase subunit III, cytochrome P450 aromatase, and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage genes. For microarray analysis, two mRNA pools representing follicles (d 2; 4.50 to 4.75 mm) from Line I and Line C sows were hybridized to the Incyte UniGEM V1.0 human chip (approximately 7,000 gene probes). A second analysis was performed using mRNA from follicles (d 2; 4.50 to 5.00 mm) hybridized to the Incyte UniGEM V2.0 human chip (approximately 9,100 gene probes). A total of 33 and 21 genes were identified with significant expression differences using UniGEM V1.0 and V2.0, respectively (twofold or greater relative expression following adjustment for expression of control probes). However, there was little overlap between results of the two hybridizations. Expression differences between lines for two genes, follistatin and nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1, were confirmed using Northern hybridization. These results demonstrate changes in follicular gene expression as the result of long-term selection for enhanced reproduction. These correlated responses may directly represent allelic variation utilized by selection (e.g., quantitative trait loci), or more likely, transcriptional changes in other genes that interact with reproductive QTL. This work represents one of the first applications of gene expression analysis to evaluate long-term selection response in livestock populations.
Resource Characteristics, Extraction Costs, and Optimal Exploitation of Mineral Resources

This paper modifies the traditional theories ofnon-renewable resource exploitation where reserve sizeis assumed to be the major determinant of extractioncosts. In a competitive model of resourceexploitation, characteristics of aggregate reservesare considered as a determinant of extraction cost. Then dynamic solutions for the price and exploratoryefforts are developed. Various price paths arefeasible under different assumptions with regard tothe changes in the reserve characteristics over time. Past empirical research shows that there is noconsistent price path for all materials. In fact, itis the quality of newly discovered reserves as well astheir size that has affected material prices. Todemonstrate the complexity of a firm's decision torecover mineral from new deposits, potentials forsubstantial high quality marine mineral resources areevaluated as a substitute for land-based resources.However, several factors including the decreasingtrend in marine mining R & D expenditures and thepotential impact of large-scale marine mining on priceof minerals indicate that mining of mostnon-hydrocarbon marine minerals will not take place inthe near future.
Measuring Value-relevance in Accounting-based Variables Without Reference to Market Prices

Properly anticipated equity values (e.g., prices in efficient markets) summarize all available information, and change only in response to new information. New information is by definition unpredictable, which implies that unpredictability of changes is a fundamental characteristic of all proper measures of equity value. Thus, investigating the unpredictability of changes of accounting-based measures of equity value (e.g., EBO values and earnings) is potentially useful in assessing their value-relevance. A major advantage of the unpredictability of changes approach is that it allows for value-relevance investigations which are impossible or problematic with market-based data. To explore whether the unpredictability approach is suitable for practical applications, I formulate predictions based on existing market-based research. Using first-order autocorrelation in changes as a proxy for predictability, I obtain results which are consistent with the findings of market-based research. This agreement in findings provides further assurance about existing results, and suggests that the unpredictability approach is powerful and flexible enough to be of practical use. The paper concludes with a section that illustrates how the unpredictability approach might serve the needs of standard setters in accounting.
Vibrational Ground-State SiO J = 1-0 Emission in Orion IRc2 Imaged with the VLA

We have used the VLA to observe SiO(v = 0, J = 1-0) at 43.4 GHz in the IRc2 region of Orion with 2'' resolution. Both a thermal component and a maser component are detected, making IRc2 the only known star-forming region with an SiO vibrational ground-state maser. The maser emission is double peaked and is extended over ~900 AU with the same position angle as that observed for the v = 1 masers. The velocity extent of the v = 0 masers (30 km s-1) is similar to the v = 1 SiO, OH, and H2O masers; we suggest that their motions are dominated by the outflow from IRc2 rather than a rotating disk. The gradient in the thermal component is in the same sense as the CO outflow from IRc2 and appears to trace the interaction region between the IRc2 wind and nearby dense molecular material to the south. The thermal SiO emission is clearly centered on IRc2 and not the hot core.
High performance composites research at NASA-Langley

Barriers to the more extensive use of advanced composites in heavily loaded structures on commercial transports are discussed from a materials viewpoint. NASA-Langley matrix development activities designed to overcome these barriers are presented. These include the synthesis of processible, tough, durable matrices, the development of resin property/composite property relationships which help guide the synthesis program, and the exploitation of new processing technology to effectively combine reinforcement filament with polymer matrices. Examples of five classes of polymers being investigated as matrix resins at NASA Langley are presented, including amorphous and semicrystalline thermoplastics, lightly crosslinked thermoplastics, semi-interpenetrating networks and toughened thermosets. Relationships between neat resin modulus, resin fracture energy, interlaminar fracture energy, composite compression strength, and post-impact compression strength are shown. Powder and slurry processing techniques are discussed.
Spontaneous mutation in Escherichia coli containing the dnaE911 DNA polymerase antimutator allele.

We have previously isolated mutants of Escherichia coli that replicate their DNA with increased fidelity. These mutants have a mutation in the dnaE gene, encoding the alpha subunit of DNA polymerase III. They were isolated in a mismatch-repair-defective mutL background, in which mutations can be considered to represent uncorrected DNA replication errors. In the present study we analyze the effect of one of these alleles, dnaE911, on spontaneous mutagenesis in a mismatch-repair-proficient background. In this background, spontaneous mutations may be the sum of uncorrected replication errors and mutations resulting from other pathways. Hence, the effect of the dnaE allele may provide insights into the contribution of uncorrected DNA replication errors to spontaneous mutation. The data show that dnaE911 decreases the level of Rifr, lacI and galK mutations in this background by 1.5-2-fold. DNA sequencing of 748 forward mutants in the lacI gene reveals that this effect has a clear specificity. Transversions are decreased by approximately 3-fold, whereas transitions, frameshifts, deletions and duplications remain essentially unchanged. Among the transversions, A.T-->T.A are affected most strongly (approximately 6-fold). In addition to this effect on transversions within the lacI gene, one previously recognized A.T-->G.C base-pair substitution hotspot in the lac operator is also reduced (approximately 5-fold). The data are discussed in the light of the role of DNA replication errors in spontaneous mutation, as well as other possible explanations for the observed antimutator effects.
Development of NMR: An Update

This article follows the historical summary and serves as a bridge to five additional overviews of historical developments in NMR during the last two decades. What now seem to be very distinct applications of NMR in biology, medicine, materials science, crystallography, plant sciences, and many other areas trace their origins to the NMR roots in physics, chemistry, and instrumentation. To illustrate the broad scope of current activity, a summary is given of a number of major continuing MR conferences in disparate areas ranging from fundamental MR physics and methodology to clinical medicine, microscopy, and food science.
Cocaine or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol does not affect cellular cytotoxicity in vitro

Abstract Cocaine or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, has no effect on in vitro cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) at concentrations similar to those observed in vivo.
A Degradation Mechanism for Threshold Voltage Asymmetry and Subthreshold Leakage Slope with Reliability Implications

Degradation in subthreshold leakage slope and increased threshold voltage asymmetry, between forward and reverse directions, could occur in short-channel FET devices when operating, even for a very short, at sustaining conditions. With this degradation, devices become more susceptible to channel and substrate hot electron effects. Failure analysis of devices that exhibited these electrical characteristics revealed the presence of a surface defect in the channel at the junction of the diffusion being biased. The cause of this defect, the techniques used to delineate its presence and its effects on the device characteristics will be discussed.
Breast enlargement during chronic antidepressant therapy

Recent reports of mammoplasia during selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy suggested that this side effect may be more common than previously reported. We examined 59 women receiving > or = 2 months treatment with an SSRI or venlafaxine for changes in breast size in relation to menopausal status, weight gain and duration of drug therapy. Serum prolactin, estradiol and beta-hCG were also measured before and during treatment in a subgroup of patients. Twenty-three out of 59 patients (39%) reported some degree of mammoplasia. Significantly more SSRI vs. venlafaxine patients reported mammoplasia (p < 0.01). Eighty-four percent with mammoplasia had weight gain vs. 30% without mammoplasia (p < 0.001). The rate of mammoplasia was unrelated to age, menopausal status or duration of treatment. Serum prolactin increased during treatment in the paroxetine subgroup (p < 0.03). In conclusion, antidepressant-induced mammoplasia may be more common than previously expected.
On the problem of two non-coplanar parallel cracks in a strip

Abstract The problem of two non-coplanar parallel Griffith cracks, located symmetrically in a strip is discussed under the assumption of plane strain condition. The crack surfaces are normal to the edges of the strip and are subjected to the same pressure distribution. When the edges are stress free, solution is assumed in the form of a series of complex eigenfunctions. By the use of certain generalized orthonormality relationships and the calculus of residues, two simultaneous Fredholm integral equations are obtained. Similar equations are obtained when the edges of the strip are constrained by smooth rigid planes. Numerical results are given for the case of constant applied pressure.
Loss of genes coding for ribosomal RNA in ageing brain cells.

ALTHOUGH recent investigations of genetic damage in the ageing process suggest that tissues made up of cells which are continually replaced will not be harmed by mutational events because the most vigorous cell lines are perpetuated selectively, information loss in DNA will be particularly harmful in non-replenishing tissues such as the nervous and muscular systems. Evidence of this effect comes from observations of abnormal mitotic chromosomes in increasing numbers in the cells of regenerating liver in old animals1, which clearly reflects damage to DNA accumulating during ageing. The importance of chromosomal aberrations in ageing has, however, been discounted somewhat because the exposure of young animals to a dose of X-irradiation sufficient to produce more chromosomal breaks than normally occur during the lifetime of unexposed animals does not shorten the life span of the irradiated animals2. Other investigators have suggested an age-dependent increase in protein crosslinking (reviewed in ref. 3), and there is evidence for the accumulation of single strand scissions in the DNA of ageing mouse neurones4.
Theory of permanents 1982–1985

This is a survey of developments in the theory of permanents during the last quadrennium. It is a sequel to the monograph Permanents and the survey article Theory of Permanents 1978–1981. Many of the significant results obtained during the last four years are described in some detail. The current status of the conjectures and unsolved problems listed in previous surveys is described, and new conjectures proposed during the present period are listed. A comprehensive bibliography is appended. together with a list of addenda to previous bibliographies. Each item on either list is followed by an abstract.
The oxidation of Cu(I) in electrolyte solutions

The rates of oxidation of Cu(I) in air saturated solutions was measured as a function of pH, temperature (5–45°C), and ionic strength (0.5 to 6m) in NaCl and NaCl−NaClO4 solutions. In pure NaCl solutions, the effect of pH is independent of ionic strength and temperature. The overall rate constant is given by logk=12.32+0.12(pH)−2064/T−3.69I1/2+ 0.73I The energy of activitation was 39±2 kJ-mol−1 and is independent of ionic strength. At a constant ionic strength (I=1, 3 and 6m) in NaCl−NaClO4 mixtures the Cl− dependence of the rates is attributed to the oxidation of the various forms of Cu(I) in the solution. The rate constants for the oxidation of the various species are found to be functions of ionic strength. At a constant ionic strength (I=1) in NaCl−NaClO4 solutions, the effect of temperature is independent of the chloride concentration. The effect of Mg2+ and HCO 3 − on the oxidation rate was determined as a function of chloride concentration (1 to 6m) at 25°C and pH=8. The addition of Mg2+ causes the rate to decrease and the addition of HCO 3 − causes the rate to increase. The possible causes of these effects are discussed. Empirical equations for the rate of oxidation of Cu(I) in Na-Mg-Cl-HCO3 solutions as a function of composition are used to make reliable estimates of the oxidation in seawater and Red Sea waters.