cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ewe Vaginal Microbiota: Associations With Pregnancy Outcome and Changes During Gestation

Reproductive performance is paramount to the success of livestock production enterprises focused on lamb meat production. Reproductive success is influenced by various factors, possibly including the reproductive tract microbial communities present at the time of copulation and throughout pregnancy. There are few publications that identify the vaginal microbial communities of livestock, and even fewer exist for sheep. To compare ewe vaginal microbial communities, vaginal swabs were taken from 67 Hampshire and Hampshire X Suffolk crossbred ewes from the Iowa State University sheep farm at a pre-breeding time point (S1) and after pregnancy testing (S2). Animals that were determined pregnant were sampled again within a few days of expected parturition (S3). DNA was extracted from these swabs, and 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing was conducted to fingerprint the bacterial communities found within this system. Pre-breeding time point samples showed no differences in community structure between animals later found to be pregnant or non-pregnant, but significant changes were detected in species richness (Chao; P < 0.001) and species diversity (Shannon; P < 0.001) at the second sampling time point. A higher microbial diversity within the S2 time point samples may suggest a more stable environment driven by pregnancy, as this increased diversity is maintained in pregnant animals from the S2 to the S3 time point. Additionally, several bacterial phylotypes, such as Mannheimia, Oscillospiraceae-like OTUs and Alistipes, were more abundant at either the S1 or S2 time points in animals that established pregnancy, suggesting a beneficial effect on pregnancy outcome. This study identifies changes within the microbial communities of the ewe vagina before and during gestation and offers inferences on how these changes may impact pregnancy outcome. Information presented herein offers new knowledge about sheep vaginal microbial communities and serves as a starting point to help guide researchers to improve sheep reproductive performance in the future.
Crystal structures of metallocene complexes with uranium–germanium bonds

The first structural examples of complexes with uranium–germanium bonds are presented, namely, bis­[3,5-bis­(tri­fluoro­meth­yl)phenyl-2κC1](hydrido-2κH)(iodido-1κI)bis­[1,1(η5)-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dien­yl]germaniumuranium(Ge—U), [GeU(C10H15)2(C8H3F6)2HI], and bis­[3,5-bis­(tri­fluoro­meth­yl)phenyl-2κC1](fluorido-1κI)(hydrido-2κH)bis­[1,1(η5)-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dien­yl]germaniumuranium(Ge—U), [GeU(C10H15)2(C8H3F6)2FH]. The two complexes both have a long U—Ge bond [distances of 3.0428 (7) and 3.0524 (7) A].
Assessing Foveal Structure in Individuals with TYR R402Q and S192Y Hypomorphic Alleles

Abstract Purpose To assess the impact of two TYR hypomorphic alleles (R402Q and S192Y) on foveal pit and FAZ morphology. Design Prospective cross-sectional study Participants One hundred sixty-four participants with normal vision (67 males and 97 females; mean ± SD age = 30.5 ± 12.8 years) were recruited. Methods Sequencing of over 100 pigmentation-related genes was performed, and results were reviewed for the presence or absence of the TYR polymorphisms R402Q (rs1126809) and S192Y (rs1042602). Volumetric scans of the macula were obtained for each participant using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retinal thickness maps were analyzed using custom software. OCT angiography (OCT-A) was used to image the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) which was manually segmented and measured. Linear mixed model analysis was used to assess associations between genotype and foveal pit morphology Main Outcome Measures Foveal pit depth, diameter, volume and FAZ area in relation to the presence of hypomorphic alleles R402Q and S192Y on the TYR gene. Results Heterozygosity for the TYR R402Q allele was associated with decreased pit diameter (p = 0.0094) and decreased FAZ area (p = 0.025). Homozygosity for the TYR R402Q allele was associated with reduced pit volume (p = 0.0005), decreased pit depth (p = 0.007), reduced pit diameter (p = 0.0052) and reduced FAZ area (p = 0.0012). Homozygosity for TYR S192Y was associated with reduced FAZ area (p = 0.016). Heterozygosity for the TYR S192Y allele was not associated with differences in foveal pit depth, diameter, volume or FAZ area (p > 0.05). Conclusion While the role of the TYR R402Q and S192Y hypomorphic alleles in albinism remains controversial, our data suggest that these variants contribute to the extensive inter-individual variability in foveal morphology in the normal population. Our results contribute to the evolving picture of the relationship between ocular pigmentation and foveal morphology.
Ogden Type I to III tibial tubercle fractures in skeletally immature patients: is routine anterior compartment fasciotomy of the leg indicated?

Abstract Purpose Determine the frequency of compartment syndrome of the leg after displaced, operatively treated modified Ogden I to III tibial tubercle fractures (TTFxs), evaluate the preoperative...
Physiological Basis of Insomnia

Forty years of psychophysiological research have shown that patients with primary insomnia have elevated levels of physiological arousal as indicated by a wide range of variables including brain and whole-body metabolic measures, cardiac measures, and hormone and endocrine measures. Current research has attempted to refine our understanding of the relationship between physiological arousal, poor EEG sleep, psychological status, and subjective report of insomnia. Experimentally induced chronic physiological arousal in normal adults produces mood and personality changes seen in insomnia patients and therefore provides a model of how chronic insomnia could develop in physiologically susceptible individuals. Studies showing that poor sleep, as found in insomnia patients, by itself does not produce the arousal, mood, and personality characteristics found in clinical insomnia and imply that (1) the symptoms produced by chronic physiological arousal are not mediated by the poor sleep itself and (2) the symptom complex associated with psychophysiological insomnia is not really a sleep disorder but rather an arousal disorder. Finally, the importance of physiological arousal as the harbinger of insomnia has been enhanced by the finding that normal adults with no reported sleep disorder who were found to have EEG-defined situational insomnia also had elevated heart rate and cardiac spectral activity – an indication of predisposition to the later development of insomnia. In total, such studies show the primary importance of physiological activation as the harbinger of both the poor sleep and subjective dysphoria that characterize primary insomnia.
Two-School-Finance Roles for the Federal Government: Promoting Equity and Choice

The federal government could use its spending power to offset the inequalities in expenditure on elementary and secondary school students that arise from the unequal fiscal capacities of states to deal with the educational burdens they face. For example, states that agreed to make a specified tax effort for education might be guaranteed federal assistance that, together with the state's contribution, would fund a nationally-determined level of spending that takes into account both special student needs and the varying costs of educational services from place to place. Moreover, the national government could tie its provision of financial assistance to the willingness of states to eliminate unfair inequalities in school spending within their borders. This scheme could eliminate the discriminatory treatment of our nation's schoolchildren that has plagued public education from the outset. Alas, the scale of the required federal role is probably too large in the present political climate. In the meantime, however, Congress might at least assure greater fairness to poor and disabled children by guaranteeing them access to a nationallyestablished program of school scholarships. Where the family finds the education offered by the local public school district to be insufficient, these scholarships could be used to pay for education in other schools of the family's choice.
Performance analysis of deciduous morphology for detecting biological siblings.

Objectives: Family-centered burial practices influence cemetery structure and can represent social group composition in both modern and ancient contexts. In ancient sites dental phenotypic data are often used as proxies for underlying genotypes to identify potential biological relatives. Here, we test the performance of deciduous dental morphological traits for differentiating sibling pairs from unrelated individuals from the same population. Materials and Methods: We collected 46 deciduous morphological traits for 69 sibling pairs from the Burlington Growth Centre's long term Family Study. Deciduous crown features were recorded following published standards. After variable winnowing, inter-individual Euclidean distances were generated using 20 morphological traits. To determine whether sibling pairs are more phenotypically similar than expected by chance we used bootstrap resampling of distances to generate P values. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots were used to evaluate the degree of clustering among sibling pairs. Results: Results indicate an average distance between siblings of 0.252, which is significantly less than 9,999 replicated averages of 69 resampled pseudo-distances generated from: 1) a sample of non-relative pairs (P < 0.001), and 2) a sample of relative and non-relative pairs (P < 0.001). MDS plots indicate moderate to strong clustering among siblings; families occupied 3.83% of the multidimensional space on average (versus 63.10% for the total sample). Conclusions: Deciduous crown morphology performed well in identifying related sibling pairs. However, there was considerable variation in the extent to which different families exhibited similarly low levels of phenotypic divergence. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:615–629, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lesion analysis for cingulotomy and limbic leucotomy: comparison and correlation with clinical outcomes.

Object Cingulotomy and limbic leucotomy are lesioning surgeries with demonstrated benefit for medically intractable psychiatric illnesses. They represent significant refinements of the prefrontal lobotomy used from the 1930s through the 1950s. However, the associations between anatomical characterization of these lesions and outcome data are not well understood. To elucidate these procedures and associations, the authors sought to define and compare the neuroanatomy of cingulotomy and limbic leucotomy and to test a method that uses neuroanatomical data and voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping (VLSM) to reveal potential refinements to modern psychiatric neurosurgical procedures. Methods T1-weighted MR images of patients who had undergone cingulotomy and limbic leucotomy were segmented and registered onto the Montreal Neurological Institute T1-weighted template brain MNI152. Using an atlas-based approach, the authors calculated, by case, the percentage of each anatomical structure affected by the lesion. Beca...
Distributed Channel Selection for Ad-Hoc Networks in the Presence of Jamming Sources

We introduce a distributed scheme for the joint selection of a control (default) channel in an ad-hoc network, which could be subject to jamming and/or significant interference. The presented scheme enables nodes to independently agree on the appropriate channel for exchanging control packets required for networking protocols. If jamming is considered, the network can no longer rely on a predefined default channel. However, developing distributed protocols for adaptive default channel selection remains a difficult challenge as the restriction to local information exchange is in conflict with the need to coordinate on a channel. In our protocol, each node alternates between a channel probing-and-selection state and a normal operation state. This protocol endows the network with the ability to self-reconfigure once jamming is detected. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme induce stable channel selections that result in satisfactory network connectivity and fast recovery.
The Atomic Limit of Finite Element Modeling in MEMS: Coupling of Length Scales

We describe concurrent multiscale simulations of the behavior of sub-micron Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), focusing on the dynamics and thermodynamics of micro-resonators as an archetypical example. The coupling of length scales methodology we have developed employs a conventional finite element model of the large-scale peripheral regions, but in the important central region the mesh would need to be collapsed to the atomic scale. Here an atomistic description is seamlessly coupled into the finite elements in order to give a very precise description of the dynamics of the few million atoms in this region. This novel technique accurately models the behavior of the mechanical components of MEMS down to the atomic scale. This article addresses general issues involved in this kind of multiscale simulation, with a particular emphasis on the technical details of how finite element analysis is extended to ensure a reliable model as the mesh spacing is refined to the atomic scale. We also discuss how the coupling of length scales technique has been used to identify atomistic effects in sub-micron resonators. These effects include a shift in the resonant frequency away from the value predicted by continuum elastic theory, new dissipation mechanisms due to surface processes and pronounced finite temperature effects.
A Review of “Michelangelo Red Antonioni Blue”

Toward the end of Murray Pomerance's Michelangelo Red Antonioni Blue, the author makes a personal statement that summarizes why I have such mixed reactions to this volume: “All my life,” he says, “...
Primary cutaneous non-hodgkin's lymphoma of Ann Arbor stage I : Preferential cutaneous relapses but high cure rate with doxorubicin-based therapy

PURPOSE: Establish frequency, presenting features, response and relapse patterns, and outcome of primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (PCNHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Review of untreated patients, older than 16 years, presenting between 1971 and 1993 with cutaneous lymphoma, not mycosis fungoides, and Ann Arbor stage I. RESULTS: We identified 46 patients, 27 males, with median age of 57 years. Treatment was radiotherapy in 10 patients, doxorubicin-based therapy in 33 patients that was followed by radiotherapy in 25 patients, and other combination with radiotherapy in one patient. The complete response rate was 95%. After a median follow-up of 140 months (range, 61 to 284 months), 18 patients have relapsed, and 14 have died from lymphoma. The first failure was exclusively cutaneous in 50% of relapses. For the 44 treated patients, progression-free survival (PFS; actuarial ± SE) was 61% ± 7% and survival was 58% ± 9% at 12 years. For the 18 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, after doxorubicin-bas...
The rate and characteristics of suicide attempters in the native Hawaiian adolescent population

Native Hawaiian high school students, N = 1779, were surveyed for symptoms of psychopathology and suicide attempts in the previous 6 months. Seventy-seven (4.3%) of the students reported making a suicide attempt. There were no significant differences in prevalence rates for males and females. Depression, anxiety, aggression, substance abuse symptoms, and low family support, but not peer support, were significantly correlated with suicide attempts. On logistic regression, depression, substance abuse, and family support independently predicted attempts. The lack of gender difference may indicate a cultural characteristic of the Hawaiian population that differentiates it from mainstream American populations but likens it to the Native American population.
Designing incentive mechanisms for peer-to-peer systems

From file-sharing to mobile ad-hoc networks, community networking to application layer overlays, the peer-to-peer networking paradigm promises to revolutionize the way we design, build and use the communications network of tomorrow, transform the structure of the communications industry, and challenge our understanding of markets and democracies in a digital age. The fundamental premise of peer-to-peer systems is that individual peers voluntarily contribute resources to the system. We discuss some of the research opportunities and challenges in the design of incentive mechanisms for P2P systems.
VILLAGE AND CITY STREET TREE RESOURCES: A COMPARISON OF STRUCTURE

Summary The degree to which the street tree and streetside space resources of small communities are miniaturizations of the resources of larger cities may affect tree management. In this case study, the streetside space and street tree resources of two small villages, Jordan and Baldwinsville, are compared to those of a nearby city, Syracuse, New York. The two villages differ in the extent to which they are miniaturizations of Syracuse. The proportion of severely restricted streetside spaces is lower in the villages due in part to their disproportionately smaller areas of commercial land use. Surfacing of most streetside strips abutting commercial land use presents the most adverse conditions for street tree growth. Each of the communities in this study, though physiographically similar, has a unique street tree population due in part to the history of the street trees in that community, as well as the current phase of the population life cycle—establishment, maturity and replacement.
Does spatial or visual information in maps facilitate text recall? Reconsidering the conjoint retention hypothesis

The conjoint retention hypothesis (CRH) claims that students recall more text information when they study geographic maps in addition to text than when they study text alone, because the maps are encoded spatially (Kulhavy, Lee, & Caterino, 1985). This claim was recently challenged by Griffin and Robinson (2000), who found no advantage for maps over feature lists in facilitating text recall. In two experiments, we crossed maps and lists with icons and names (c.f., Griffin & Robinson), and employed materials and methodology very similar to those used in previous CRH studies by Kulhavy and colleagues (Kulhavy, Stock, Verdi, Rittschof, and Savenye, 1993; Stock, Kulhavy, Peterson, Hancock, & Verdi, 1995). In addition, we included a concurrent task to measure spatial encoding, as did Griffin and Robinson. No advantages were found for maps over lists in facilitating text recall, nor were maps processed in a more spatial manner than litsts. Instead, it appears that the key stimulus feature for facilitating text recall is mimetic icons (i.e., icons that represent features) rather than the spatial characteristics of geographic maps, a finding that supports dual-coding theory (Paivio, 1986), but not the CRH.
Selective depletion of CD8+ cells for prevention of graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation: A randomized controlled trial

We performed a prospective randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy of selective depletion of CD8+ bone marrow cells in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 38 patients undergoing HLA-identical sibling donor bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. All patients received CsA for GVHD prophylaxis. Nineteen patients received marrow depleted of CD8+ cells by ex vivo treatment with anti-leu2, an anti-CD8 mAb and complement; four patients had moderate (grade 1 or 2 acute GVHD) and the only patient who experienced grade 3 manifestations was a technical failure. The control group consisted of 19 patients who received unmodified bone marrow; one patient had grade 1, 4 patients had grade 2, and 10 had grade 3 or 4 acute GVHD. The actuarial incidence of grade > or = 2 acute GVHD was 20 +/- 20% in the CD8-depleted group compared with 80 +/- 18% in the controls (P = 0.004). Death in 5 of the control patients and the single patient in whom CD8 depletion was a technical failure was related to acute GVHD. Graft failure occurred in 2 patients in the CD8-depleted group and in none of the controls. Leukemic relapse occurred in 2 patients receiving CD8-depleted bone marrow and 2 patients in the control group. Seven patients receiving marrow depleted of CD8+ cells are alive and free of leukemia and 9 patients in the control group are alive, 7 of whom remain leukemia-free (P = 0.88). The 3-year actuarial leukemia-free survival is 37 +/- 22% of the CD8-depleted group and 36 +/- 22% for the control group. These results indicate that selective depletion of CD8+ cells from the bone marrow significantly reduces the incidence and severity of acute GVHD.
The combined effect of radiogold and nitrogen mustard and radiogold and certain other compounds on the ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Nitrogen mustard and radiogold in combination markedly inhibit growth of the intraperitoneal ascitic form of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. The best inhibiting dose of radiogold, 15 mc/kg, was the most toxic one; 7.5 mc/kg was found to be the most effective dose with the least toxicity. The results of similar experiments using several other drugs, without significant success, are briefly presented. Advantages in the use of an ascitic tumor in research of this nature are discussed.
Attitudes About Corporate Social Responsibility: Business Student Predictors

Four predictors were posited to affect business student attitudes about the social responsibilities of business, also known as corporate social responsibility (CSR). Applying Forsyth’s (1980, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, 175–184, 1992, Journal of Business Ethics 11, 461–470) personal moral philosophy model, we found that ethical idealism had a positive relationship with CSR attitudes, and ethical relativism a negative relationship. We also found materialism to be negatively related to CSR attitudes. Spirituality among business students did not significantly predict CSR attitudes. Understanding the relationship between CSR attitudes and the significant predictors has important implications for researchers and teachers in particular.
Mechanisms Separating Time-Dependent and True Dose-Rate Effects in Irradiated Bipolar Oxides

A model for radiation-induced interface-trap buildup distinguishes among the contributions of hydrogen dimerization, electron recombination, and electric field mechanisms, quantitatively explaining time-dependent and true dose rate effects in irradiated bipolar isolation oxides. Hydrogen dimerization is the dominant ELDRS mechanism for devices exposed to medium H2 concentrations (1% per volume), whereas H2 cracking dominates as H2 concentration is increased further. Electron recombination mechanisms contribute at high dose rates ( >; 100 rad(SiO2)/s), but are not the dominant ELDRS mechanism at dose rates lower than 100 rad(SiO2)/s).
Liquid-Liquid Phase Equilibria in Porous Materials †

Theoretical and experimental results are presented for the effect of confinement on liquid−liquid phase equilibria for binary mixtures. Density functional theory calculations for a symmetric Lennard-Jones mixture in pores show the following qualitative features: a reduction in the critical mixing temperature, and a shift in the coexistence curve toward the component 1-rich side of the phase diagram when molecules of component 1 are more strongly attracted to the walls. These effects become more pronounced for smaller pores. Experimental results are presented for nitrobenzene/n-hexane mixtures in a controlled pore glass having pores of mean width 100 nm. Results for the liquid−liquid coexistence in the pores are obtained using nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE) and light transmission measurements. The effect of confinement is to produce a lowering of the critical mixing temperature by 0.05 ± 0.02 K and a shift in the critical mixing composition toward the nitrobenzene-rich side of the diagram by 0.04 ± 0.0...
Mechanisms of plant spindle formation

In eukaryotes, the formation of a bipolar spindle is necessary for the equal segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells. Chromosomes, microtubules and kinetochores all contribute to spindle morphogenesis and have important roles during mitosis. A unique property of flowering plant cells is that they entirely lack centrosomes, which in animals have a major role in spindle formation. The absence of these important structures suggests that plants have evolved novel mechanisms to assure chromosome segregation. In this review, we highlight some of the recent studies on plant mitosis and argue that plants utilize a variation of “spindle self-organization” that takes advantage of the early polarity of plant cells and accentuates the role of kinetochores in stabilizing the spindle midzone in prometaphase.
National Institute on Aging cell-line repository.

Abstract The National Institute on Aging (Nia) has established, under contract, a cell-line repository. This resource is designed to support NIA grantees, prospective grantees, and other laboratories engaged in cellular aging research. Services of the NIA Cell-Line Repository include storage and distribution of characterized, contaminant-free normal diploid and genetically-marked human cell-lines.
Creating a Collaborative Learning Community in the CIS Sandbox.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of transforming a traditional university computer lab to create a collaborative learning community known as the CIS Sandbox, by remodeling a physical space and supporting it with a virtual presence through the use of social media tools. The discussion applies Selander's “designs for learning” to frame learning experiences in the CIS Sandbox.Design/methodology/approach – To determine attitudes toward learning in such an environment, students who staffed and visited the physical space during its first semester completed a voluntary survey. The study investigated attitudes of visitors toward both classroom and extracurricular technology learning; participants also shared their views on the effect of creating a collaborative physical learning environment, and the extent to which they also made use of its online presence.Findings – Providing both classroom assistance as well as a space for exploring technology, coupled with a focus on blogs and s...
Embedding information literacy in an MA TESOL program

Purpose – This case study aims to describe the collaborative process used to embed an information literacy curriculum into the MA Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) program at university.Design/methodology/approach – The study focuses on how this curriculum was conceived, implemented, and has evolved based on new ideas from the MA coordinator, the librarian, the students, and continuing review of the literature of librarianship and TESOL. The coordinator and librarian describe their approach to curriculum development and their analysis of curricular outcomes, and two graduates from the program describe the program's impact from the student perspective.Findings – The paper finds that the MA TESOL coordinator and the librarian embedded information literacy through structured assignments, reflective essays, and librarian in‐person classroom visits. Ongoing assessment of student survey results and reflective essays provide impetus for ongoing changes to the curriculum. Students' percep...
Reasons for Smoking and Severity of Residual Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms When Using Nicotine Chewing Gum

Summary Prior to smoking cessation treatment using nicotine chewing gum, 65 smokers completed the Horn Reasons for Smoking Test, the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and were assessed on measures of smoking history including saliva cotinine concentration. These measures were used to predict severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke assessed on a daily basis during the first 2 weeks of attempted abstinence. Univariate analyses indicated that smoking for reasons of handling, craving and to cope with negative affect correlated positively with both residual withdrawal symptoms and urges during the first week. Smoking for reasons of stimulation and habit were also correlated positively with residual withdrawal, and smoking for pleasure correlated with urges to smoke. After controlling for concurrent level of nicotine gum use, analyses suggested that only smoking for reasons of stimulation predicted residual withdrawal. Urges to smoke were positively related to level of smoking during treatment and also to smoking for reasons of craving and handling. Thus, it appears that individual differences in reasons for smoking influence severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke while chewing nicotine gum. The findings for stimulation smoking and withdrawal are discussed in terms of the reinforcing properties of nicotine with different routes of administration.
Identifying and Labeling School-Aged Children of Alcoholics: Insights Voiced by Academic Attainers Who Are Daughters of Alcoholics.

Abstract Children of alcoholics (COAs) are a population at-risk for alcoholism and other problems to whom primary prevention efforts are appropriately directed. Concerns have been raised about attempts to identify and label COAs, particularly COAs in non-therapeutic settings such as schools who do not voluntarily self-disclose as COAs. A qualitative study of 15 academic attainers who were alcoholics' daughters was conducted for the purpose of gaining a contextual understanding of these women as girls in school and in their families of origin. Data emerged from the study that relate to the issue of identifying and labeling COAs in schools. The experiences and perceptions of the informants revealed a major theme of surviving by hiding: they perceived parental alcoholism as stigmatizing and sought to conceal knowledge of their parents' problem from others. They survived in the schooling environment, in part, by “masquerading as normal,” and actively worked to avoid the possibility of being discovered as a CO...
Potentiation of thermal injury in mouse cells by interferon

Abstract Mouse cells, when exposed to high temperature (43°), shut off overall protein synthesis and continue to synthesize “heat shock proteins”. Such heat shocked cells, upon reincubation at 37°C, recover and proliferate. However, when mouse cells are pretreated with mouse interferon (IFN) and then exposed to 43°, more than 99% of the cell population fail to recover. Synthesis of the major heat shock protein is unaffected in cells treated with IFN. Experiments designed to assess the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) during cells' recovery from hyperthermia indicated that there is an irreversible depletion of glutathione when IFN treated cells are heat shocked. Neither depletion of GSH, nor potentiation of thermal injury was observed in a IFN-resistant line of mouse cells.
Asymptotic stability of Riemann waves for conservation laws

We are concerned with the asymptotic behavior of entropy solutions of conservation laws. A new notion about the asymptotic stability of Riemann solutions is introduced, and corresponding analytical frameworks are developed. The correlation between the asymptotic problem and many important topics in conservation laws and nonlinear analysis is recognized and analyzed, such as zero dissipation limits, uniqueness of entropy solutions, entropy analysis, and divergence-measure fields in \(L^\infty\). Then this theory is applied to understanding the asymptotic behavior of entropy solutions for many important systems of conservation laws.
Use of silica-immobilized humin for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution under flow conditions

Abstract Humin extracted from Sphagnum peat moss was immobilized in a silica matrix and column experiments were performed in order to evaluate the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solution under flow conditions. These experiments also allowed testing the recycling capacity of the column. Single-element solutions of Cu(II) and Pb(II), and a multi-metal solution containing Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cr(III) were passed through the columns at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. A 0.5 M sodium citrate solution was used as the stripping agent in the metal-ion recovery process. Humin immobilized in the silica matrix exhibited a similar, and in some cases, even a higher capacity than other biosorbents for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions under flow conditions. The sodium citrate was effective in removing Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) from the metal saturated column. The selectivity of the immobilized biomass was as follows: Cr(III) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Ni(II). This investigation provides a new, environmentally friendly and cost-effective possibility to clean up heavy-metal contaminated wastewaters by using the new silica-immobilized humin material.
A-dependence in the shadowing region of deep inelastic scattering

Abstract The parton recombination model of nuclear shadowing in deep inelastic lepton scattering suggests that shadowing should begin to occur at larger values of Bjorken x as A increases. This expectation as well as that of weak dependence of Q 2 of the shadowing phenomenon are consistent with recent data.
Spontaneous disproportionation of NO2 (N2O4) by aromatic hydrocarbons. Formation of nitrosonium EDA complexes as chemical intermediates

Strong (orange/red) colourations resulting immediately upon the exposure of nitrogen dioxide and its equilibrium dimer (dinitrogen tetroxide) to various aromatic hydrocarbons (ArH) are shown to arise from the nitrosonium EDA or electron donor-acceptor complexes [ArH, NO+NO 3 − ]. The latter exhibit diagnostic charge-transfer absorptions and characteristic N-O stretching bands in the UV-vis and IR spectra, respectively, that relate directly to ArH/NO+ interactions extant in the EDA complexes previously derived from the authentic nitrosonium salt, NO+PF 6 - . Time-resolved picosecond spectroscopy establishes the charge-transfer excited state of [ArH, NO+NO 3 − ] to be essentially identical to that from [ArH, NO+BF 4 − ]. Furthermore, the same temporal decay of the spectral transients (ArH+•) from both systems indicates minimal ion-pairing effects of the counterions (NO 3 − and BF 4 − ) on the kinetics of back electron transfer.
Estimating nonlinear coupled frequency-dependent parameters in offshore engineering

Abstract The design of deepwater compliant offshore structures requires engineers to address many difficult challenges including defining and modeling the local offshore environment, specifying the associated combined global loading on innovative platform designs, and numerical simulation and model test verification of the platform response characteristics. The focus of this research investigation is the recovery of key parameters from time series measured during an industry type model basin test program using the reverse multiple input/single output technique. In particular, this study confronts critical problems of practical interest and extends the methodology to address the inclusion of nonlinear coupled systems in which the parameters of interest can be frequency-dependent. The analysis is developed around the nonlinear coupled equations of motions for a deepwater mini-TLP design and includes the consideration of nonlinear stiffness, quadratic damping, surge/pitch and sway/roll coupling and the frequency dependency of both the hydrodynamic added-mass and damping coefficients. A series of complementary model test measurements for the complete compliant model and the rigidly restrained hull by itself were used as the basis for the data in the system identification procedures. In addition, behavior of the hydrodynamic added-mass and damping coefficients as a function of frequency was simulated for the mini-TLP using an industry standard radiation–diffraction software package. These results were used in evaluating the accuracy of some of the key problem parameters. The results presented demonstrate the methodology as modified in this study is quite robust and yields predications that are more accurate for the parameters associated with the largest motions of the platform. Practical issues regarding the application of this approach, utilization of both force and moment measurements, and observed strengths and weakness in dealing with data regardless of its source are discussed.
Engineering luciferase enzymes and substrates for novel assay capabilities

In the development of HTS as a central paradigm of drug discovery, fluorescent reporter molecules have generally been adopted as the favored signal transducer. Nevertheless, luminescence has maintained a prominent position among certain methodologies, most notably genetic reporters. Recently, there has been growing partiality for luminescent assays across a broader range of applications due to their sensitivity, extensive linearity, and robustness to library compounds and complex biological samples. This trend has been fostered by development several new assay designs for diverse targets such as kinases, cytochrome p450's, proteases, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. This review addresses recent progress made in the use of bioluminescent assays for drug discovery, highlighting new detection capabilities brought about by engineering luciferase enzymes and substrates. In reporter gene applications, modified luciferases have provided greatly improved expression efficiency in mammalian cells, improved responsiveness to changes of transcriptional rate, and increased the magnitude of the reporter response. Highly stabilized luciferase mutants have enabled new assays strategies for high-throughput screening based on detection of ATP and luciferin. Assays based on ATP support rapid analysis of cell metabolism and enzymatic processes coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Although luciferin is found natively only in luminous beetles, coupled assays have been designed using modified forms of luciferin requiring the action of second enzyme to yield luminescence. Due to the very low inherent background and protection of the photon-emitter afforded by the enzyme, bioluminescent assays often outperform the analogous fluorescent assays for analyses performed in multiwell plates.
Infant botulism: A case series and review of the literature

Little has been written about infant botulism in the emergency medicine literature, despite increasing references in the pediatric journals. We describe three cases diagnosed at The Children's Hospital in Denver, Colorado, over an 8-month period. A review of the literature follows, to discuss the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup and treatment of the disease.
Development and Implementation of an Experimental-Based Reduced-Order Model for Feedback Control of Subsonic Cavity Flows

This work is focused on the development of a reduced-order model based on experimental data for the design of feedback control for subsonic cavity flows. The model is derived by applying the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in conjunction with the Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations onto the resulting spatial eigenfunctions. The experimental data consist of sets of 1000 simultaneous particle image velocimetry (PIV) images and surface pressure measurements taken in the Gas Dynamics and Turbulent Laboratory (GDTL) subsonic cavity flow facility at the Ohio State University. Models are derived for various individual flow conditions as well as for their combinations. The POD modes of the combined cases show some of the characteristics of the sets used. Flow reconstructions with 30 modes show good agreement with experimental PIV data. For control design, four modes capture the main features of the flow. The reduced-order model consists of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the modal amplitudes where the control input appears explicitly. Linear and quadratic stochastic estimation methods are used for real-time estimation of the modal amplitudes from real-time surface pressure measurements.
Inflammatory cytokines and NO upregulate P-glycoprotein via a PI3K-dependent pathway

Introduction: Sustained upregulation of nitric oxide (NO), as seen in endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis, promotes intestinal barrier failure. P-glycoprotein (PGP) is a transmembrane pump that expels toxins from the intestinal epithelium and thus plays a major role in mucosal defenses. Signaling via the PI3K pathway has been shown to upregulate PGP expression. We examined the effect of inflammatory cytokines, NO and PI3K inhibitors on PGP expression and function in the rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. Methods: IEC-6 cells were treated with a NO donor (SNAP 500 uM) or cytomix (IFNγ 1000 U/ml, IL-1β 100 U/ml and TNFα 10 ng/ml) ± PI3K inhibitor LY 294002 (10 uM), or NO scavenger CPTIO (100 uM) or inducible NO synthase inhibitor L-NIL (50 uM) for 24 h. Super-natant (SN) nitrite levels were measured by the Griess reaction. PGP expression was measured by western blot, and function by rhodamine 123 transport. Data represent the mean ± SEM; one way ANOVA was used to compare significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups. Results: Cytomix upregulated NO production as seen by increased SN nitrite levels (Table). LY and L-NIL blocked cytomix-mediated NO production. Cytomix and SNAP upregulated PGP expression. LY, CPTIO and L-NIL inhibited cytomix-mediated PGP upregulation. LY inhibited SNAP-mediated PGP upregulation. Rhodamine transport was increased by cytomix and SNAP, but blocked by LY (prelim. data). Conclusion: PGP expression and function in enterocytes is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and NO in a PI3K dependent manner. This effect may be part of an adaptive mechanism to limit epithelial injury in response to inflammatory conditions. TABLE—ABSTRACT P112. Cytomix − − + + + + − − SNAP − − − − − − + + LY − + − + − − − + CPTIO − − − − + − − − LNIL − − − − − − − − Nitrite (uM) 2.8 ± 1.1 2.4 ± 0.9 19.4 ± 0.6∗ 11.5 ± 1.5# NA 5.1 ± 1.4# NA NA PGP/B-actin 0.6 ± 0.2 0.4 ± 0.1 2.7 ± 0.8∗ 0.4 ± 0.1# 0.8 ± 0.2# 1.1 ± 0.1# 3.6 ± 1.3∗ 0.5 ± 0.3$ Transport (%) 19 ± 11 3.1 64 ± 14∗ 6.7 — — 71 ± 13∗ 18.9 n = 1. ∗ P < 0.05 vs. media alone. # P < 0.05 vs. cytomix alone. $ vs. Snap alone, NA = not applic.
A technique for enhancing behavioral marital therapy

Abstract Behavioral Marital Therapy (BMT) has been found to be an effective approach for the treatment of various marital problems. Even though it has been found to be effective in the treatment of marital problems, there have been questions about the extent of changes in the marital relationship. More theoretical methods, techniques, and research are needed to address concerns about the extent of changes and comparisons need to be made between the effectiveness of BMT and other marital therapy approaches. Recently marital therapists have noted the importance of the therapeutic alliance in marital therapy; the relationship between all members of the therapy, e.g., the therapist and each person of the couple. An approach utilizing BMT, problem-solving, modeling, and methods which are designed to enhance the therapeutic alliance and promote change is discussed. Applications of this new approach are also presented.
RIVETS: a mechanical system for in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology and imaging.

A number of recent studies have provided compelling demonstrations that both mice and rats can be trained to perform a variety of behavioral tasks while restrained by mechanical elements mounted to the skull. The independent development of this technique by a number of laboratories has led to diverse solutions. We found that these solutions often used expensive materials and impeded future development and modification in the absence of engineering support. In order to address these issues, here we report on the development of a flexible single hardware design for electrophysiology and imaging both in brain tissue in vitro. Our hardware facilitates the rapid conversion of a single preparation between physiology and imaging system and the conversion of a given system between preparations. In addition, our use of rapid prototyping machines (“3D printers”) allows for the deployment of new designs within a day. Here, we present specifications for design and manufacturing as well as some data from our lab demonstrating the suitability of the design for physiology in behaving animals and imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Value scenarios: a technique for envisioning systemic effects of new technologies

In this paper we argue that there is a scarcity of methods which support critical, systemic, long-term thinking in current design practice, technology development and deployment. To address this need we introduce value scenarios, an extension of scenario-based design which can support envisioning the systemic effects of new technologies. We identify and describe five key elements of value scenarios; stakeholders, pervasiveness, time, systemic effects, and value implications. We provide two examples of value scenarios, which draw from our current work on urban simulation and human-robotic interaction . We conclude with suggestions for how value scenarios might be used by others.
Problems encountered with the kock lleostomy

Abstract A review was made of the problems that occurred in the first 12 patients in our series of Kock reservoir ileostomies. Only four patients had no complications or problems. The reservoir was removed in two patients and a new reservoir constructed in four. Despite these problems, at 1 to 3 years all nine patients still being followed up have continent, well functioning ileostomies. A prosthetic material (Impragraft®) was used to support the valve in seven cases. This worked well, but foreign body fistulas requiring stoma revision developed in two patients. Frequently, superficial mucosal ulceration and an inflammatory histologic reaction were observed in the reservoirs of patients who formerly had ulcerative colitis. These conditions were not observed in patients who had had familial polyposis. One patient with ulcerative colitis had a recurrence of arthritis. Despite these problems, we believe that if one uses good patient selection, some new technical maneuvers in constructing the reservoir, and some of the postoperative devices and practices developed during this experience, the Kock reservoir ileostomy should be constructed in the appropriate cases.
Integrating sociology: Observations on race and gender relations in sociology graduate programs

Abstract Issues related to the integration of race within sociology doctoral programs were explored. Two sets of data were analyzed: open-ended interviews with 26 women of color graduate students and 92 questionnaires completed by Ph.D. programs on faculty, graduate courses, and expertise in race. Quantitative data show that faculty of color are likely to be the one member of their race in the department. EuroAmerican faculty are over-represented in the rank of Full Professor and Associate Professor and faculty of color are under-represented in the tenured ranks. Less than a quarter of departments included the study of race in required theory courses. Departments listing race and ethnicity as a specialty in the area did not always offer graduate courses in the field and courses that were offered did not necessarily focus specifically on U.S. race/ethnic/minority relations, but included international studies and broad topics in social organizations and stratification. Comments by a sample of women of color graduate students point out a number of critical issues: curricula that are outdated, ignore race, are monocultural, and look better in the catalog than in the classroom; faculty that are top-heavy with older White males; students discouraged from pursuing what attracted them to the academy in the first place; and students in conflicts with racial overtones over scarce resources and favors. Qualitative results show that women of color graduate students perceive the inclusion of students and faculty of color to include an acceptance of their racial and ethnic experience in the intellectual and social culture of the department. They linked the goal of integration of the student body and the faculty to be inseparable from integration of race into the curriculum in both required and nonrequired courses, and assigned readings.