cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of electron beam manufacturing induced defects on fracture in Inconel 718

Abstract The effects of electron beam manufactured (EBM) process-induced defects on local microstructural failure initiation and propagation in IN 718 have been investigated. Predictions for transgranular fracture, based on local cleavage plane stresses, and for intergranular fracture, based on dislocation-grain boundary (GB) interactions and evolving dislocation pileups, were combined with a crystalline dislocation-density plasticity approach to understand the influence of AM process-induced defects, such as porosity, NbC precipitates, and regions of dry powder. High local stresses along the peripheries of pores caused crack nucleation, and mismatches in deformation behavior between NbC precipitates and the surrounding matrix led to local stress gradients that induced crack nucleation and decohesion at precipitate/matrix interfaces. Regions of unmelted powder had significant stress accumulations that initiated failure at low nominal strains. Failure due to high localized stresses near regions of unmelted powder was dominant over precipitate/matrix decohesion and crack nucleation near pore peripheries. Based on the predictions, the mechanical behavior of AM alloys is governed by local dislocation-density evolution near process-induced defects, which preferentially nucleate material failure. Furthermore, interactions between these different defect types can significantly accelerate failure initiation and propagation.
Alcohol Use and Abuse

Those engaged in scientific pursuits only occasionally cast themselves in the role of social activists; yet, as Koestler (1968) so clearly articulated, the contributions made by scientists and thinkers on the leading edge of a conceptual development typically have profound social and political implications. The social context, however, must be ready to accept the emerging perspectives or social acceptance will not occur (see also Kuhn, 1970).
Comparison of Two Prompting Methods in Guiding People with Traumatic Brain Injury in Cooking Tasks

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of two prompting methods (i.e., a paper-based method vs a step-by-step user-controlled method on an iPad mini) in guiding individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) through the cooking tasks. Eight individuals with traumatic brain injury participated in this study. They were asked to prepare two meals in their home kitchens following the guidance of the two methods, respectively. Their performance were evaluated using the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) tool. The perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, and cognitive loads of the two prompting methods were assessed using a custom questionnaire. In addition, problems of participants in completing the cooking tasks with both prompting methods were categorized. Results showed that four participants completed cooking tasks more independently with the user-controlled prompting method and most participants preferred the user-controlled method to paper-based prompting. Recommendations for future development of prompting methods were also discussed.
Bromodomain-containing-protein-4 and cyclin-dependent-kinase-9 inhibitors interact synergistically in vitro and combined treatment reduces post-traumatic osteoarthritis severity in mice.

Summary Objective Joint injury rapidly induces expression of primary response genes (PRGs), which activate a cascade of secondary genes that destroy joint tissues and initiate post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Bromodomain-containing-protein-4 (Brd4) and cyclin-dependent-kinase-9 (CDK9) cooperatively control the rate-limiting step of PRG transactivation, including pro-inflammatory genes. This study investigated whether Brd4 and CDK9 inhibitors suppress inflammation and prevent PTOA development in vitro and in a mouse PTOA model. Methods The effects of Brd4 and CDK9 inhibitors (JQ1 and Flavopiridol) on PRG and associated secondary damage were rigorously tested in different settings. Short-term effects of inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF) on human chondrocyte PRG expression were assessed by RT-PCR and microarray after 5-h. We quantified glycosaminoglycan release from IL-1β-treated bovine cartilage explants after 3–6 days, and osteoarthritic changes in mice after ACL-rupture using RT-PCR (2–24hrs), in vivo imaging of MMP activity (24hrs), AFM-nanoindentation (3–7days), and histology (3days-4wks). Results Flavopiridol and JQ1 inhibitors act synergistically, and a combination of both almost completely prevented the activation of most IL-1β-induced PRGs in vitro by microarray analysis, and prevented IL-1β-induced glycosaminoglycan release from cartilage explants. Mice given the drug combination showed reduced IL-1β and IL-6 expression, less in vivo MMP activity, and lower synovitis (1.5 vs 4.9) and OARSI scores (2.8 vs 6.0) than untreated mice with ACL-rupture. Conclusions JQ1 and Flavopiridol work synergistically to reduce injury response after joint trauma, suggesting that targeting Brd4 and/or CDK9 could be a viable strategy for PTOA prevention and treatment of early OA.
Abstract 262: Consumptive Coagulation in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Treated with ECPR

Background: Following prolonged cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), recovery of organ function and survival are potentially impaired due to a “no reflow...
Social Determinants of Health in African Americans with Parkinson’s DIsease (4328)

Objective: This study investigated potential barriers to specialty care access for African Americans (AA) with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and whether those barriers were associated with PD severity. Background: PD is a neurodegenerative condition for which there is no cure. The literature suggests that prevalence is lower in AA than white patients, but this may be due to inaccurate estimation methods or lack of representation in research. Rush University Medical Center’s Section of Movement Disorders (RUMC) is a tertiary care center for individuals with PD. The proportion of AA with PD in our clinic is far below (~4%) expected given the demographics of the surrounding neighborhoods. A previous investigation showed that these AA patients presented with more advanced PD compared to white patients. Some published studies suggest that social determinants of health (SDOH) factors may account for the lower prevalence in AA with PD. Design/Methods: Time between symptoms onset to initial presentation to RUMC, basic social needs, health literacy, relationship with healthcare provider, and experience of discrimination were assessed. PD motor symptoms were also assessed. Thus far, there are 26 participants, approximately half of which are AA. Results: Results of Mann-Whitney tests were non-significant for age, years of education, and age of PD onset as well as for measures of SDOH. Correlations between MDS-UPDRS Part III and discrimination, social needs, and health literacy were non-significant. Correlation was significant between MDS-UPDRS and healthcare relationship trust ρ= .032. Conclusions: Although the sample size is currently small and thus the analyses are under-powered, the study is ongoing with a target of 50 participants. Future directions include addressing the challenge of servicing PD patients (transportation, reliance on caregiver availability), to increase sample size from RUMC, and to include participants from the county hospital, as the RUMC patient population may not accurately represent the Chicago AA PD population. Disclosure: Dr. Bailey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arojojoye has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anderson has nothing to disclose.
Imaging biomarkers of vascular and axonal injury are spatially distinct in chronic traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is associated with both diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and diffuse vascular injury (DVI), which result from inertial shearing forces. These terms are often used interchang...
Rheology scaling of spherical metal powders dispersed in thermoplastics and its correlation to the extrudability of filaments for 3D printing

Abstract 3D printing metals via material extrusion utilizes a metal particle reinforced polymer matrix composite (PMC) as the filament which is typically made with gas-atomized powders as fillers. Its rheological behavior limits the maximum metal content of the printed green composite which, consequently, hinders further reductions to part porosity and shrinkage. In this paper, the scaling of the dynamic viscosity of melt-extruded PMC filaments made of PLA and Ni-Cu gas-atomized powders is studied as a function of the metal’s volumetric content and feedstock pre-mixing strategies and correlated to its extrudability performance. Extrudable and uniform filaments with the highest metal content of 63.4 vol% were produced by employing solution-mixing of the PMC feedstock and compared to physical mixing which only reached 54 vol%. After sintering, the improved metal content of 3D printed parts from solution-mixing reduced linear shrinkage by 76% in comparison to physical mixing, resulting in an absolute shrinkage value of 0.49%. By characterizing the PMC feedstock via flow-sweep rheology tests, a distinct extension of the shear-thinning zone towards high shear rates (i.e. 100 s−1) at high metal content was observed for the case of solution-mixed feedstock – a result that is attributed to the improved adhesion of the PMCs to the walls of the rheometer. PMCs with such characteristics correlated well to favorable extrudability and windability test outcomes (i.e. no particle jamming or metal accumulation at the die). The Krieger-Dougherty analytical model was employed to predict the zero-shear rate viscosity as a function of the metal content in the PMCs, however, the latter property is not necessarily correlated to the viscosity at high shear rates (10–1000 s−1) due to a complex shear thinning response. Since PMCs experience high shear rates in the die orifice, additional theoretical models are needed to predict shear-thinning at high metal content in PMCs and, thus, improve our prediction of PMC’s rheology, its design, and extrudability to maximize its metal content.
Auslegung der kennfeldgesteuerten Kolbenkühlung des 3-Zylinder-TSI-evo-Motors

Bei der Entwicklung des 1,0l TSI evo fur das A0/A-Fahrzeugsegment wurde der Schwerpunkt auf die Reduzierung von Kraftstoffverbrauch und Schadstoffausstos gelegt. Ziel war es dabei, den Motor im gesamten Kennfeldbereich im Miller-Zyklus zu betreiben. Die damit einhergehende konstruktive Anderung des Verdichtungsverhaltnisses erforderte eine Anpassung der Brennraumberandungskuhlung zur Brennverfahrensoptimierung. Im Wesentlichen konnte damit eine Vergleichmasigung der Berandungstemperaturen zur Vermeidung von Hotspots, aber auch eine gezielte Temperierung der Brennraumoberflachen erreicht werden.
Glucagon Stimulation of Adenylate Cyclase Sulfhydryl Reactivity EVIDENCE FOR HORMONE-INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES

Abstract The kinetics for inactivation of rat liver membrane adenylate cyclase by iodoacetamide is reported. Glucagon at 1 µm stimulates the rate of inactivation by a factor of 10-fold. It is proposed that interaction of glucagon with its receptor in the membranes promotes conformational changes which either increase exposure or enhance nucleophilicity of one or more sulfhydryl groups crucial for adenylate cyclase activity. The possibility that hormonal stimulation of adenylate cyclase may be mediated through sulfhydryl reactivity is considered.
Clonal analysis of vertebrate myogenesis: VI. Acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptor in myogenic and nonmyogenic clones from chick embryo leg cells

Abstract Myogenic clones grown in vitro from cells of 4-, 6-, and 12-day chick embryo leg buds demonstrate reproducible stage-specific characteristics of morphology, extent of myotube formation, and culture medium requirements for differentiation, suggesting heterogeneity in the myogenic cell populations of the developing limb. To determine whether there is heterogeneity in the cytodifferentiation of different muscle colony types, clones have been examined for the appearance of two muscle-specific gene products—acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine receptor (AChR). AChE (detected by cytochemical reaction) and AChR (detected by autoradiography of [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin binding) appeared in myotubes of all muscle colony types, and also appeared in about 5% of the mononucleated cells of all muscle colonies; but neither were detectable in cells of nonfused clones (colonies containing no myotubes). The results suggest that all muscle colony-forming cell types have equivalent capacities to elaborate muscle-specific gene products once the process of differentiation is initiated. However, when putative muscle colony-forming cells are grown under certain conditions that do not permit cell fusion (e.g., conditioned medium-requiring clones grown in fresh medium), mononucleated cells do not accumulate AChE or AChR. Conditioned medium-dependent differentiation thus differs from the fusion-specific processes affected by Ca 2+ deprivation and phospholipase C treatment, since in these cases mononucleated cells exhibit differentiated functions. The apparent cytodifferentiation (without fusion) of some mononucleated cells within muscle colonies in which most mononucleated cells continue to proliferate raises questions concerning the control of myoblast differentiation and its relationship to the cell cycle and to fusion.
Radiation-associated meningiomas in children: clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic characteristics with a critical review of the literature.

Object Radiation-associated meningiomas (RAMs) arise after treatment with radiation to the cranium and are recognized as clinically separate from sporadic meningiomas. Compared with their sporadic counterparts, RAMs are often aggressive or malignant, likely to be multiple, and have a high recurrence rate. However, limited information exists about the clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic features of RAMs in pediatric patients. The authors report the findings in 9 children with meningiomas following therapeutic radiation to the cranium. In addition, they performed a critical review of the English language literature on pediatric RAMs. Methods Medical files were searched for patients who demonstrated meningiomas after a history of radiation to the brain. Only those patients in whom a meningioma occurred before the age of 18 years were included in this study. Clinical and demographic data along with the MIB-1 labeling index and cytogenetic studies were evaluated. Results The patients consisted of 5 males a...
Juliane's speech: Knut Hamsun's Play In the Grip of Life (Livet i vold)

My article will present an examination of interactional styles in dialogues created by Knut Hamsun in his 1910 play In the Grip of Life (Livet i vold). Hamsun equipped his protagonists with a particular speech. The point of the analysis is to investigate how Hamsun fleshed out his protagonists' speech styles, what he deemed as the most suitable and appropriate speech for women and men, and how he lets them transgress it. In fact, Hamsun uses transgression of the traditional rules of gender communication as his creative technique. Following Weber-Knapp's strategy, my analysis will focus on the following: length and frequency of speech contributions, interruptions, and initiating and responding utterances
The Radiolytic and Thermal Stability of Diamides of Dipicolinic Acid

The thermal and radiolytical stabilities of three isomers of N,N′-diethyl-N,N′-ditolyl-dipicolinamide (EtTDPA) were investigated. Radiolysis was performed at doses up to 125 kGy and thermogravimetric analysis was performed at temperatures of up to 450°C. Infrared data showed increasing amounts of aromatic nitration by nitric acid correlating to larger doses. However, gamma ray doses of up to 125 kGy did not cause any significant effects in separation performance with the studied extraction mixtures containing americium or europium within the studied range. The highest separation factor between americium and europium was seen using the meta isomer with an average value of 4.1 across all doses applied in this work.
Applications of Aprotinin in Cardiac Surgery

SUMMARY Aprotinin has been studied extensively in cardiac surgery and is the only FDA approved pharmacological treatment to reduce blood transfusion in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Aprotinin has been evaluated in multiple double blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies in cardiac surgery. In US studies, aprotinin has not been associated with an increased risk of post-CPB myocardial infarction, graft closure, or increased risk of renal dysfunction, and may in fact be associated with a decreased risk of stroke. The mechanism of action is complex, but aprotinin displays antiinflammatory properties due to its complex array of protease inhibition. As with any polypeptide, there is a risk of anaphylaxis that is influenced by prior exposure. Cardiac surgery can be associated with significant bleeding and the need for allogeneic blood products. Although multiple approaches have been reported to reduce bleeding and transfusions, aprotinin represents an important pharmacologic strategy to reduce bleeding.
Electrophysiologic testing techniques for children.

This practical article for clinical electrophysiologists discusses the evaluation of infant and child patients’ visual systems using electroretinographic (ERG), electrooculographic (EOG), and visually evoked potential (VEP) techniques. These techniques not only help to secure specific diagnoses, but by systematic assessment of function along the visual pathways can also localize dysfunction underlying visual deficits of pediatric patients. Among children, development as well as disease can affect electrophysiological paramenters. Therefore diagnosis of normal or abnormal depends critically on an adequate description of normal responses for age. Procedures that the authors have found feasible, reliable, and valid are summarized. Standardization of pediatric testing appears to be an important next step. The power of ERG, EOG and VEP recordings to demonstrate the neurophysiological basis for pediatric visual impairment is predicted to stimulate further research in this area.
Affective boundaries in a landscape of shame: Writing HB 56

Alabama House Bill (HB) 56 passed in 2011 and was written by Kris Kobach. The bill targets migrant groups, pressuring them to “self-deport”. Kobach’s language subjugates migrants in a way that defines their bodies with shame. I am interested in how Goodnight and Natanson conceive of risk in the practice of social argumentation. For that, I employ philosophical perspectives of affect to reconsider language as relational, and demonstrate how affective language moves bodies. I then consider the channeling of affect and the ways negative affects get strategically directed at defined subject-individuals, shifting presumption of not belonging onto those bodies exhibiting migrant characteristics within the state. Affect, modulated through language, creates affective boundaries, and I demonstrate how Kobach obliges citizens of Alabama to participate in both the shaming of the undocumented migrant and the maintenance of the affective boundary keeping the undocumented migrant body from citizenship.
A study of soft error consequences in hard disk drives

Hard disk drives have multiple layers of fault tolerance mechanisms that protect against data loss. However, a few failures occasionally breach the entire set of mechanisms. To prevent such scenarios, we rely on failure prediction mechanisms to raise alarms with sufficient warning to allow the at-risk data to be copied to a safe location. A common failure prediction technique monitors the occurrence of soft errors and triggers an alarm when the soft error rate exceeds a specified threshold. This study uses data collected from a population of over 50,000 customer deployed disk drives to examine the relationship between soft errors and failures, in particular failures manifested as hard errors. The data analysis shows that soft errors alone cannot be used as a reliable predictor of hard errors. However, in those cases where soft errors do accurately predict hard errors, sufficient warning time exists for preventive actions.
Deleuze, Mann and Modernism: Musical Becoming in Doctor Faustus

Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus traces the life of the composer Adrian Leverkuhn, whose career culminates in the compositions Apocalipsis cum figuris and The Lamentation of Doctor Faustus. Mann treats Apocalipsis as the endpoint of a dangerous modernism allied to fascism, and The Lamentation as its partial antidote. From Deleuze and Guattari's perspective, however, Apocalipsis is a positive musical becoming-other and The Lamentation a regression. Crucial to the contrasting interpretations of Apocalipsis are two very different conceptions of modernity and fascism, that of Deleuze and Guattari providing a means of valorising becoming as a mode of aesthetic and political invention and redefining modernism and fascism.
Reduced Emergence of Isoniazid Resistance with Concurrent Use of Thioridazine against Acute Murine Tuberculosis

The repurposing of existing drugs is being pursued as a means by which to accelerate the development of novel regimens for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). In the current study, we assessed the activity of the antipsychotic drug thioridazine (TRZ) in combination with the standard regimen in a well-validated murine TB model. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies were performed in BALB/c mice to establish human-equivalent doses of TRZ. To determine the bactericidal activity of TRZ against TB in BALB/c mice, three separate studies were performed, including a dose-ranging study of TRZ monotherapy and efficacy studies of human-equivalent doses of TRZ with and without isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by the change in mycobacterial load in the lung. The human-equivalent dose of thioridazine was determined to be 25 mg/kg of body weight, which was well tolerated in mice. TRZ was found to accumulate at high concentrations in lung tissue relative to serum levels. We observed modest synergy during coadministration of TRZ with INH, and the addition of TRZ reduced the emergence of INH-resistant mutants in mouse lungs. In conclusion, this study further illustrates the opportunity to reevaluate the contribution of TRZ to the sterilizing activity of combination regimens to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Live view of gonadotropin-releasing hormone containing neuron migration

Neurons that synthesize GnRH control the reproductive axis and migrate over long distances and through different environments during development. Prior studies provided strong clues for the types of molecules encountered and movements expected along the migratory route. However, our studies provide the first real-time views of the behavior of GnRH neurons in the context of an in vitro preparation that maintains conditions comparable to those in vivo. The live views provide direct evidence of the changing behavior of GnRH neurons in their different environments, showing that GnRH neurons move with greater frequency and with more changes in direction after they enter the brain. Perturbations of guiding fibers distal to moving GnRH neurons in the nasal compartment influenced movement without detectable changes in the fibers in the immediate vicinity of moving GnRH neurons. This suggests that the use of fibers by GnRH neurons for guidance may entail selective signaling in addition to mechanical guidance. These studies establish a model to evaluate the influences of specific molecules that are important for their migration.
Some Physiological and Biochemical Consequences of Psychological Postulates

This note is a flashback to the time when the theory’s foundation was being laid. The foundation is a synthesis of psychological, mathematical, and philosophical ideas in a series of papers that appeared between 1967 and 1969 (Papers [1] – [18] in the List of Publications at the end of this book.) The note is the tip of this theoretical iceberg.
Checking our sources: the origins of trust in testimony

Abstract Developmental psychologists have often portrayed young children as stubborn autodidacts who ignore the testimony of others. Yet the basic design of the human cognitive system indicates an early ability to co-ordinate information derived from first-hand observation with information derived from testimony. There is no obvious tendency to favour the former over the latter. Indeed, young children are relatively poor at monitoring whether they learned something from observation or from testimony. Moreover, the processes by which children and adults understand and remember a sequence of events appear to be similar, whether they witness that sequence or are told about it. Children’s early receptivity to testimony raises the question of whether and how children discern what testimony is reliable. Arguably, before the emergence of reflective judgement, children are equipped with a tacit filtering device. To be understood, any new piece of testimony typically needs to be consistent with, and integrated into, what is already known about the topic in question. Children’s impoverished knowledge base will make that integrative process relatively slow. Thus, children’s early ignorance may often save them from misplaced credulity.
A dipolar gas of ultracold molecules

Ultracold polar molecular gases promise new directions and exciting applications in collisions and chemical reactions at ultralow energies, precision measurements, novel quantum phase transitions, and quantum information science. Here we briefly discuss key experimental requirements for observing strong dipole–dipole interactions in an ultracold dipolar gas of molecules. We then survey current experimental progress in the field with a focus on our recent work creating a near quantum degenerate gas of KRb polar molecules [Niet al., Science, 2008, 322, 231].
Do supermajority rules limit or enhance majority tyranny? evidence from the US States, 1960-1997

Buchanan and Tullock (1962) demonstrates that supermajority rules can reduce tyranny of majority problems in a democracy. However, recent theoretical work by Dixit, Grossman, and Gul (2000) postulates that this static analysis of supermajority rules may be inadequate to explain political decisions in a dynamic setting. In fact, supermajority rules may increase the incidence of majority tyranny because of rotating political representation. Using data from US state legislatures we examine the effect of supermajority rules on different categories of government expenditures and tax revenues during the latter half of the 20th century. We find supermajority rules have little effect on general government expenditures and tax revenues. However, supermajority rules are associated with lower public welfare transfers, which supports the traditional analysis of the fiscal effects of supermajority rules.
Influences on software piracy: Evidence from the various United States

Abstract Examining socio-economic influences on software piracy in the United States, we find a negative relationship between software piracy and income, tax burdens, and economic freedom. A 1% increase in per-capita income correlates with a 0.25% reduction in piracy.
Spatial contrast sensitivity in macular disorder

Spatial contrast sensitivity functions were evaluated in 30 patients with macular disorders and 16 age-matched control subjects. Eighteen of the affected eyes had macular holes and the rest had isolated macular problems. A loss in spatial contrast sensitivity in the central visual field indicated a relative scotoma resulting from macular dysfunctions. The nature and size of a localized scotoma such as the type caused by a macular lesion was estimated by measuring spatial contrast sensitivity as a function of retinal area centered on the fovea. Such spatial-contrast-threshold perimetry was found to be helpful in differential classification of macular holes. Spatial contrast sensitivity and visual resolution improved with increasing retinal area even in the eyes with macular holes, but never reached normal sensitivity for spatial frequencies above 5 cycles per degree (cpd) within our experimental conditions. The loss in sensitivity to low spatial frequencies (⩽ 5 cpd) was found to be apparent and a function of the retinal area stimulated. The summation curves (contrast sensitivity vs. stimulus size) were abnormal for all spatial frequencies. The ‘critical’ sizes (i.e. the stimulus size above which no increase in sensitivity occurred) were always larger in the affected eyes than those in the normal. Thus ‘critical’ areas of complete summation in the parafovea may be a better measure of functional integrity of central retina in the presence of a foveal lesion than the visual resolution that varies with the retinal area and location activated. Evaluation of contrast sensitivity of the parafoveal regions with nonfunctional fovea also indicated existence of similar mechanism of spatial vision in the fovea and the parafovea.
Off-shell amplitudes with physical, auxiliary and Faddeev-Popov ghost fields in covariantized light-cone string field theory

Abstract We compute the off-shell tree amplitudes involving physical, auxiliary and second-quantized Faddeev-Popov ghost fields for covariantized light-cone string field theory, using off-shell conformal methods. On-shell agreement with the dual-resonance model is shown.
Seasonal patterns of diet and ranging in two species of tamarin monkeys: stability versus variability

From June through December, data were collected on the diet and ranging patterns of moustached (Saguinus mystax) and saddle-back (Saguinus fuscicollis) tamarin monkeys in the Amazon Basin of northeastern Peru. During this 7-month period, insects and nonleguminous fruits accounted for 83% of tamarin feeding and foraging time. Despite marked seasonal variation in rainfall and forest productivity, patterns of habitat utilization, day range, dietary diversity, resource exploitation, and activity budget remained relatively stable throughout the year. Moustached and saddle-back tamarins appear to solve problems of food acquisition and exploit patchily distributed feeding sites using a relatively limited set of foraging patterns. In general, these primates concentrate their daily feeding efforts on several trees from a small number of target plant species. These feeding sites are uncommon, produce only a small amount of ripe fruit each day, and are characterized by a high degree of intraspecific fruiting and flowering synchrony. Trees of the same species are frequently visited in succession, and individual feeding sites are revisited several times over the course of 1–2 weeks. This type of foraging pattern occurred during both dry and wet seasons and when exploiting fruit, nectar, legume, and exudate resources. Seasonal variation in the percentage of feeding and foraging time devoted to insectivory was also limited. In this investigation, there was no consistent evidence that temporal changes in overall forest fruit production had a major impact on the feeding, foraging, or ranging behavior of either tamarin species.
Models and algorithms for distributionally robust least squares problems

We present three different robust frameworks using probabilistic ambiguity descriptions of the data in least squares problems. These probability ambiguity descriptions are given by: (1) confidence region over the first two moments; (2) bounds on the probability measure with moments constraints; (3) the Kantorovich probability distance from a given measure. For the first case, we give an equivalent formulation and show that the optimization problem can be solved using a semidefinite optimization reformulation or polynomial time algorithms. For the second case, we derive the equivalent Lagrangian problem and show that it is a convex stochastic programming problem. We further analyze three special subcases: (i) finite support; (ii) measure bounds by a reference probability measure; (iii) measure bounds by two reference probability measures with known density functions. We show that case (i) has an equivalent semidefinite programming reformulation and the sample average approximations of case (ii) and (iii) have equivalent semidefinite programming reformulations. For ambiguity description (3), we show that the finite support case can be solved by using an equivalent second order cone programming reformulation.
Nuclear morphologies of bovine corneal cells as visualized by confocal microscopy.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to characterize nuclear morphology of the three cell layers of bovine cornea in vivo. Corneas fixed with formalin were stained with propidium iodide, wherea
A new phylogenetically basal subfamily of brown lacewings from Chile (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae)

A new genus and species, Adelphohemerobius enigmaramus, is described from Chile and assigned to a new subfamily, Adelphohemerobiinae, of the neuropterous family Hemerobiidae (brown lacewings). A cladistic analysis of morphological data derived from the unique female holotype of A. enigmaramus supports the conclusion that it represents the sister-group of the family Hemerobiidae sensu Oswald (1993a). The holotype of A. enigmaramus is interpreted to be the first non-teratological hemerobiid specimen known to possess a single 'radial sector', i.e., only the true ancestral Rs.
Touchscreen questionnaire patient data collection in rheumatology practice: development of a highly successful system using process redesign.

Objective While questionnaires have been developed to capture patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in rheumatology practice, these instruments are not widely used. We developed a touchscreen interface designed to provide reliable and efficient data collection. Using the touchscreen to obtain PROs, we compared 2 different workflow models implemented separately in 2 rheumatology clinics. Methods The Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology was used in 2 cycles of workflow redesign. Cycle 1 relied on off-the-shelf questionnaire builder software, and cycle 2 relied on a custom programmed software solution. Results During cycle 1, clinic 1 (private practice model, resource replete, simple flow) demonstrated a high completion rate at the start, averaging between 74% and 92% for the first 12 weeks. Clinic 2 (academic model, resource deficient, complex flow) did not achieve a consistent completion rate above 60%. The revised cycle 2 implementation protocol incorporated a 15-minute “nurse visit,” an instant messaging system, and a streamlined authentication process, all of which contributed to substantial improvement in touchscreen questionnaire completion rates of ∼80% that were sustained without the need for any additional clinic staff support. Conclusion Process redesign techniques and touchscreen technology were used to develop a highly successful, efficient, and effective process for the routine collection of PROs in a busy, complex, and resource-depleted academic practice and in typical private practice. The successful implementation required both a touchscreen questionnaire, human behavioral redesign, and other technical solutions.
Psychosocial therapies for patients with cancer: a current review of interventions using psychoneuroimmunology-based outcome measures.

Background. As part of a new standard of quality cancer care, the Institute of Medicine has recommended inclusion of therapies that address psychosocial needs of cancer patients. A range of psychosocial therapies for managing acute and chronic stress have been developed for patients with cancer, based on the scientific framework of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). The current review aimed to identify studies of new and emerging PNI-based psychosocial therapies in patients with cancer that have used neuroendocrine–immune biomarkers as outcomes. Specifically, this review aimed to evaluate studies based on the cancer populations involved, types of psychosocial therapies, and PNI measures employed. Methods. Methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar online databases were searched using combinations of keywords obtained from previous reviews of psychosocial interventions. Studies from...
Computing Models for FPGA-Based Accelerators

Field-programmable gate arrays are widely considered accelerators for compute-intensive applications. A critical phase of FPGA application development is finding and mapping to the appropriate computing model. These models differ from models generally used in programming. For example, whereas parallel computing models are often based on thread execution and interaction, FPGA computing can exploit more degrees of freedom than are available in software. This enables models with highly flexible fine-grained parallelism and associative operations such as broadcast and collective response. Several case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of using FPGA-based accelerators in molecular modeling.
Cell cycle‐dependent characterization of single MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by 2‐D CE

The composition of single MCF-7 breast cancer cells is characterized using 2-D CE. Individual MCF-7 cells were aspirated into a 30 mum inner diameter fused-silica capillary and lysed by contact with an SDS-containing buffer. Proteins and other primary amines were fluorescently labeled on-column using the fluorogenic dye 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde. Labeled components were separated first according to molecular weight using capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE) and then by MEKC. Analytes were detected in a sheath-flow cuvette using LIF. The expression profiles for MCF-7 cellular homogenate and a single MCF-7 cell are compared. As a proof-of-principle investigation, variation in expression was also compared within and between G1 and G2/M cell cycle phases for MCF-7 cells. Following their treatment with the viable nuclear stain Hoechst 33342, MCF-7 cells were sorted by flow cytometry on the basis of their ploidy. Sorted cells were then analyzed by 2-D CE. The degree of variability was >2.5 times larger between cells of different phases than between cells of the same phase. In typical 1 h 2-D CE separations using MCF-7 cells, over 100 components are resolved.
Sanitary care and maintenance of icestorage chests and ice-making machines in health care facilities

In response to a reported hospital outbreak traced to the use of contaminated ice in 1968, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed an advisory regarding the sanitary care and maintenance of ice-storage chests and ice-making machines. CDC has revised this unpublished advisory several times during the years to respond to requests for guidance from infection control professionals. Because CDC continues to receive inquiries about this topic from infection control professionals, this advisory is being published.
Individual Differences in Haptic Information Processing: The “Need for Touch” Scale

This research details the development of the “Need for Touch” (NFT) scale designed to measure individual differences in preference for haptic (touch) information. The 12-item NFT scale consists of autotelic and instrumental dimensions. Results are reported that support the scale's hypothesized internal structure as well as its reliability, convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Individual differences in chronic accessibility to haptic information across groups varying in NFT were also found in two experiments. Additionally, NFT moderated the relationship between direct experience and confidence in judgment.
Narration as a human communication paradigm: The case of public moral argument

This essay proposes a theory of human communication based on a conception of persons as homo narrans. It compares and contrasts this view with the traditional rational perspective on symbolic interaction. The viability of the narrative paradigm and its attendant notions of reason and rationality are demonstrated through an extended analysis of key aspects of the current nuclear war controversy and a brief application to The Epic of Gilgamesh. The narrative paradigm synthesizes two strands in rhetorical theory: the argumentative, persuasive theme and the literary, aesthetic theme.
Religion as Trust in Authority: Theocracy and Ecology in the United States

Abstract Far from being a universal feature of culture, the concept of religion has distinctly western origins. What, then, is religion, and how shall it be empirically studied? I suggest, as one of many possible alternatives, an etymologically-based approach to religion, understood as trust in sources of epistemic and moral authority. Four authorities are considered, including institutional religion, science, nature, and the state. I present results of a survey-based empirical inquiry of U.S. adults, enriched by means of follow-up interviews exploring their trust or distrust in these domains of authority. Based on this inquiry, two hybrid forms are at the forefront of religious debate among Americans: theocracy, a linking of trust in institutional religion and government, and ecology, a combined trust in nature and science. These results are regionally variable in the United States, and cross-national data clarify the exceptionalist position of the United States with respect to European countries. Trust ...
Improved recognition of myocardial infarction by bivariate analysis of initial QRS vectors.

Abstract Discrimination of the frontal 20-msec QRS vector between 101 healthy men and 114 consecutive male patients with myocardial infarction was poor with a low abnormality rate (17.5 per cent) using the 95 per cent normal limits independently determined for the angle and magnitude of the vector. In view of the inadequacy of this widely used criterion for the vector, a rejection ellipse with 5 per cent risk of rejecting normals was determined from the Cartesian co-ordinates of the vector with the frequency distribution normalized by double variate-transformation on the assumption of a bivariate normal distribution for the transformed components. The rejection ellipse criterion discriminated 38.6 per cent of patients. Further improvement in recognition of infarction patients (71.1 per cent) was achieved by a 5 per cent risk rejection ellipse for the frontal 20-msec vector corrected with the frontal maximal QRS vector magnitude. The method of the rejection ellipse increased the recognition of myocardial infarction in the frontal plane from insignificant to clinically useful.
Application of a three phase nonsinusoidal calibration system for testing energy and demand meters under simulated field conditions

The influence of harmonics on commonly used three-phase watthour and kVA demand meters was studied using a computer-controlled three-phase test system capable of generating nonsinusoidal voltages and currents. A description of the three-phase test system and results of preliminary tests of several revenue meters are presented. The performance of the tested meters is compared with the response of time-division and thermal reference meters for different harmonic conditions, primarily field-recorded data. Errors up to 2% were observed during the testing of energy meters and up to 35% for kVA demand meters. >
Information assurance in the twenty-first century

Securing our networks is a huge task. To defend ourselves from cyber threats, private institutions, industry groups, and governments worldwide must make a strong commitment and cooperate at unprecedented levels.
Suppression of the Immune Response in Tumor-Bearing Mice. III. Induction of Functionally Suppressive Antigen-Driven Macrophages

A functionally suppressive antigen-driven subpopulation of macrophages has been demonstrated in mice-bearing tumors produced by MSV-transformed BALB/3T3 cells. The suppressor macrophages depressed markedly both allogeneic and syngeneic mixed leukocyte cultre responses and functioned even when assayed at low concentrations, suggesting that high concentrations of normal macrophages were not responsible for the suppression. Studies also showed that suppressor macrophages acted to suppress the proliferation of hyperreactive Lyt 1+,2− cells found in the splenic cell suspensions of tumor-bearing mice after the removal of the adherent suppressor cells. Finally, the suppressive activity of macrophages induced in tumorous mice could be augmented by KiMSV or MMSV but not by MuLV antigen. These results suggest that suppression might be a direct response to transformation-associated determinants expressed on the tumor cells as well as on the MSV virions or the result of cellular interactions between suppressor macrop...
The vulnerable phase after hospitalization for heart failure

Despite available therapy, mortality and readmission rates within 60-90 days of discharge for patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) approach 15% and 30%, respectively. This early postdischarge period has been termed the 'vulnerable phase' and accounts for a disproportionate amount of the >US$30 billion spent annually on HF care in the USA. The pathophysiology underlying these early adverse events is likely associated with persistently elevated filling pressures at time of discharge and subsequent acute or subacute worsening of postdischarge haemodynamics. Despite limited proven strategies to reduce early adverse events, hospitals in the USA face penalties for 30-day readmission rates that exceed current expectations, and an urgent need exists for novel approaches to improve early postdischarge outcomes. The objective of this Review is to describe the early postdischarge problem among patients hospitalized for HF, the associated patient profile and pathophysiology, and the limitations of current postdischarge treatment strategies. We also identify therapeutic targets and outline a progressive management approach that should be considered by clinicians for reducing early postdischarge morbidity and mortality. Although these strategies require prospective validation, they are practical, affordable, and have the potential to improve patient outcomes substantially after HF hospitalization.
Mentoring in academe: Models for facilitating academic development

Mentoring academics is an integral step in aiding their professional development. This commitment to mentoring is discussed by three criminal justice professors, each in a distinct phase of his career. Three distinct mentoring models are discussed: (1) continuing a mentoring relationship with a dissertation advisor or other mentor from graduate school, (2) developing a new mentoring relationship at an academic institution where one receives a position, and (3) developing a new mentoring relationship with an academic in the same field, but at a totally separate institution. The authors describe their advancement in the field of criminal justice as it relates to the existence of a mentoring model, focusing on identifying the strengths of each model.
Primary mediastinal hemangiopericytoma: Computed tomography correlation

A case of primary mediastinal hemangiopericytoma with computed tomography correlation is presented. Although this is rare cause of mediastinal mass, the diagnosis should be considered when computed tomography of the mass shows contrast medium enhancement, particularly if there is a curvilinear encircling structure suggesting a large feeder vessel.
Lifestyle, Routine Activities, and Felony-Related Eldercide

The overrepresentation of felony-related incidents is a distinctive and interesting feature of eldercide. The current study examines the relationship between macro-level elderly-specific lifestyle and routine daily activity measures and felony-related eldercide in 195 American cities. Results from a negative binomial log-rate model indicate that the percentages of older adults living alone and with disability and the robbery rate (a proxy for exposure to felony-related eldercide) were positively associated with rates of felony-related eldercide. The relationship between the percentage of older adults not working and felony-related eldercide rates was also statistically significant but in an unexpected negative direction. Language: en