cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF 100|[percnt]| OXYGEN AND 21|[percnt]| OXYGEN DURING RESUSCITATION ON CEREBRAL CELLULAR FUNCTION FOLLOWING NEONATAL ASPHYXIA. |[dagger]| 1279

Previous studies have shown that hypoxia and severe repeated asphyxia modify the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, decrease Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and increase lipid peroxidation and free radical production. The present study investigates the effect of hyperoxic and normoxic reventilation following asphyxia in piglets on NMDA receptor activation, lipid peroxidation and free radical generation. Asphyxia was induced in 8 anesthetized and paralyzed piglets by discontinuing mechanical ventilation for 6-12 min until the heart rate was 120mmHg and PO2<5mmHg). After asphyxia, animals in Grp 1 (n=4) and Grp 2 (n=4) were reventilated with 21% oxygen and 100% oxygen for 20 min. The cerebral cortices were removed for analysis.3[H]MK-801 binding, an index of NMDA receptor activation, showed the Bmax (number of receptors) in Grp 1 and Grp 2 to be 1.32±0.13 and 1.57±0.34 pmol/mg protein (mean±SD). Kd for the same groups were 4.45±1.45 and 3.79±0.96 nM. Bmax and Kd in controls were 1.23±0.06 pmol/mg protein and 5.8±0.5 nM. Na+,K+-ATPase activity in Grps 1 and 2 were 23.5±0.9 and 24.4±3.9 μmol Pi/mg protein/hr, as compared to control(49.9±0.5, p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation products, conjugated dienes(0.07 vs. 0.05 μmol/g brain) and fluorescent compounds (0.78 vs. 0.54 μg quinine sulfate/g brain) were similar. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy performed after trapping spin adducts in α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone for the detection of alkoxyl radical showed similar spin adduct signal height intensity (10.39 vs. 13.68 mm/g tissue). The results show that NMDA receptor activation, lipid peroxidation. Na+,K+-ATPase activity and alkoxyl radical generation were similar following reventilation with 100% and 21% oxygen. These data did not reveal immediate cerebral cellular dysfunction with either normoxic or hyperoxic reventilation following asphyxia. Since previous data have shown a 48 h delay in the appearance of neuronal membrane injury, the long term effect of reventilation with oxygen on neuronal membrane function remains unknown. (Funded by NIH HD-20337, MOD-6FY940135, UCP#R-506-93).
Large eddy simulations of mixed layer instabilities and sampling strategies

Abstract Recognizing the potential role played by submesoscale processes in both the energy cascade in the ocean and biogeochemical transport, we conduct a series of large eddy simulations of isolated mixed layer instabilities. The primary objective is to generate freely evolving velocity and density fields representative of submesoscale flows and then use these to examine potential observational sampling strategies. Mixed layer instabilities are explored in two parameter regimes: a strongly-stratified regime which results in a system with surface-intensified eddies and high vertical shear, and a weakly-stratified regime exhibiting weaker, smaller scale eddies that penetrate across the entire domain depth as Taylor columns. Analysis of a variety of mixing measures derived from both particle and tracer based sampling strategies indicates the differing importance of vertical processes in the two flow regimes.
Sterility Inherited by Progeny of Male Cabbage Loopers Irradiated in Various Stages of Development

After male Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) were irradiated as adults, late and early pupae, prepupae, 5th-stage larvae, and in the egg stage, the resulting males and the F1 male and female progeny were studied for emergence, fertility, and ability to mate and transfer sperm. Irrigation of early pupae had the greatest effect on emergence, and irradiation at any stage reduced the fertility of the males. However, males irradiated in the adult, late, or early pupal stage mated normally; males irradiated as prepupae had reduced mating frequency; and irradiation of early pupae, prepupae, and larvae drastically affected sperm transfer. The mating ability of the F1 progeny was normal, but sperm transfer and/ or fertility were reduced among the progeny of males irradiated as adults or as late and early pupae (no progeny were available from irradiated prepupae). The reduced number of F1 progeny from irradiated 5th-stage larvae reproduced normally.
Reformulated and Alternative Fuels: Modeled Impacts on Regional Air Quality with Special Emphasis on Surface Ozone Concentration

The comprehensive European Air Pollution and Dispersion model system was used to estimate the impacts of the usage of reformulated and alternative fuels on regional air quality with special emphasis on surface ozone concentrations. A severe western European summer smog episode in July 1994 has been used as a reference, and the model predictions have been evaluated for this episode. A forecast simulation for the year 2005 (TREND) has been performed, including the future emission development based on the current legislation and technologies available. The results of the scenario TREND are used as a baseline for the other 2005 fuel scenarios, including fuel reformulation, fuel sulfur content, and compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative fuel. Compared to the year 1994, significant reductions in episode peak ozone concentrations and ozone grid hours are predicted for the TREND scenario. These reductions are even more pronounced within the investigated alternative and reformulated fuel scenarios. Especially, low sulfur fuels are appropriate for an immediate improvement in air quality, because they effect the emissions of the whole fleet. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the introduction of CNG vehicles would also enhance air quality with respect to ozone.
The cellular basis of the aggressive acrorhagial response of sea anemones.

Some sea anemones possess structures called acrorhagi at the base of the tentacles. The acrorhagi are utilized solely for aggression. Acrorhagial aggression involves very exquisite intra- and interspecific recognition. This study examined acrorhagi and putative acrorhagial analogues or homologues in four species of sea anemone. The morphology and ultrastructure of tentacles, pseudoacrorhagi, column vesicles, and verrucae (adhesive column vesicles) differed from that of acrorhagi. Coral capitate tentacles and acrorhagi have different surface morphology, nematocysts, and functions. Besed on morphology, acrorhagi seem more likely to be homologous to tentacles than to verrucae. Acrorhagial nematocyst discharge and ectodermal peeling, the culmination of the response, were shown to require prior acrorhagial expansion in Anthopleura krebsi and Bunodosoma cavernata. A mechanical mechanism is suggested where- by distention of the acrorhagus opens a ciliary pit on the nematocyte surface and exposes the pit wall and microvilli, which may contain the chemoreceptors for the peeling process, including nematocyst discharge. A similar system may also be responsible for changing the threshold of nematocyst discharge in sea anemone tentacles. A case of possible neurosecretion in an anthozoan was also shown in this study.
Simulating fluvial fluxes in the Danube watershed: The 'Little Ice Age' versus modern day

Climate change and human activities in Europe have altered erosion and riverine sediment transport for thousands of years. The Danube River basin, the second largest watershed in Europe, provides a unique study area to examine these impacts on fluvial discharge through available reconstructed climate data during the ‘Little Ice Age’ cold interval, as well as documented timing of deforestation and large dam emplacement. Suspended sediment flux of the Danube watershed and its variability in response to both climatic adjustments and human influences is analyzed at the sub-basin scale using a numerical modeling approach (HydroTrend 3.0). The system is examined over three time periods under conditions corresponding to: (1) modern day, (2) pre-dam and (3) the ‘Little Ice Age’. Modeled results indicate that modern-day suspended sediment flux is approximately 60% and 80% lower than that simulated under pre-dam and ‘Little Ice Age’ conditions, respectively. Disregarding the effects of modern-day dams, sediment flu...
Accelerating Branch-and-Bound through a Modeling Language Construct for Relaxation-Specific Constraints

In the tradition of modeling languages for optimization, a single model is passed to a solver for solution. In this paper, we extend BARON's modeling language in order to facilitate the communication of problem-specific relaxation information from the modeler to the branch-and-bound solver. This effectively results into two models being passed from the modeling language to the solver. Three important application areas are identified and computational experiments are presented. In all cases, nonlinear constraints are provided only to the relaxation constructor in order to strengthen the lower bounding step of the algorithm without complicating the local search process. In the first application area, nonlinear constraints from the reformulation---linearization technique (RLT) are added to strengthen a problem formulation. This approach is illustrated for the pooling problem and computational results show that it results in a scheme that makes global optimization nearly as fast as local optimization for pooling problems from the literature. In the second application area, we communicate with the relaxation constructor the first-order optimality conditions for unconstrained global optimization problems. Computational experiments with polynomial programs demonstrate that this approach leads to a significant reduction of the size of the branch-and-bound search tree. In the third application, problem-specific nonlinear optimality conditions for the satisfiability problem are used to strengthen the lower bounding step and are found to significantly expedite the branch-and-bound algorithm when applied to a nonlinear formulation of this problem.
Highlighting the chameleon nature of power: The social practice and ideological effects of the label “African-American”

This essay uses a poststructural/critical race analysis, and provides a specific example of how the social practice of labeling serves to create major ideological effects, which produce and reproduce unequal race-based power relations. Certain U.S. citizens are ascribed/branded with the seemingly politically correct label, “African-American”. Many believe that the shift from “Black” to “African-American” in 1988 was the result of Blacks exercising political power and achieving a hard-won right to change their identity. Also many view the new label as the common sense preferred alternative to “Black”. This article deconstructs the term “African-American” and views it within the context of the macro and micro interactive forces of politics, economics, sociology, history and socio-cultural phenomena. Instead of the intended purpose of fostering a sense of self-esteem, the label has also served to reinforce the socially constructed binary dualisms characterizing “Blacks” as being fundamentally different from “Whites”. Moreover, the notion of Black pride, self-esteem and heritage are concepts with the power to shift culpability and blame onto the victims of a race-based system. Power appeared to have been exercised by Black/African-Americans. However, the shift to African-American was not the result of autonomous thinking. It was a “reflex without reflection” (Billig 1991:8). It “echoed” dominating ideological structures of power. The “new” label unwittingly serves to further perpetuate racist ideology inherited from a foundational institution of slavery. America can enjoy the image of having a culture of freedom, equality and egalitarianism, while maintaining justifiable race-based political, social and economic inequality gaps.
Low-threshold-current-density 1.5 mu m lasers using compressively strained InGaAsP quantum wells

A low-threshold current density (J/sub th/) of 140 A/cm/sup 2/ for broad-area 1.5- mu m semiconductor lasers with uncoated facets is demonstrated at a cavity length of 3.5 mm. This was achieved by the use of a single InGaAsP quantum well (QW) of 1.8% compressive strain inside a step-graded InGaAsP waveguide region. Low-cavity losses of 3.5 cm/sup -1/ and a relatively wide quantum well as compared to InGaAs wells of equivalent strain contribute to this high performance. Double QW devices of 2 mm length showed threshold current densities of 241 A/cm/sup 2/. Quaternary single and double QWs of similar width but only 0. 9% strain gave slightly higher threshold current density values, but allowed growth of a 4 QW structure with a J/sub th/ of 324 A/cm/sup 2/ at L=1.5 mm. >
Experimental investigation of WCDMA uplink transmit power for practical usage scenarios

This paper presents an empirical investigation into WCDMA uplink (UL) transmit power for various indoor/outdoor locations. Specifically, the statistics of UL transmit power measured in different locations over a commercial UMTS network are provided and compared. Similar locations are then grouped to form four practical mobile usage scenarios, and their empirical probability distribution functions are analyzed. Further, we investigate the impact of typical handset positions (next to the ear and using a Bluetooth headset) on the UL transmit power levels. The results presented in this paper can be useful for not only optimizing a WCDMA handset design for the UMTS network, but also predicting battery life and examining WCDMA coverage.
pH effects on binding between the anthrax protective antigen and the host cellular receptor CMG2

The anthrax protective antigen (PA) binds to the host cellular receptor capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) with high affinity. To gain a better understanding of how pH may affect binding to the receptor, we have investigated the kinetics of binding as a function of pH to the full-length monomeric PA and to two variants: a 2-fluorohistidine-labeled PA (2-FHisPA), which is ∼1 pH unit more stable to variations in pH than WT, and an ∼1 pH unit less stable variant in which Trp346 in the domain 2β3-2β4 loop is substituted with a Phe (W346F). We show using stopped-flow fluorescence that the binding rate increases as the pH is lowered for all proteins, with little influence on the rate of dissociation. In addition, we have crystallized PA and the two variants and examine the influence of pH on structure. In contrast to previous X-ray studies, the domain 2β3-2β4 loop undergoes little change in structure from pH ∼8 to 5.5 for the WT protein, but for the 2-FHis labeled and W346F mutant there are changes in structure consistent with previous X-ray studies. In accord with pH stability studies, we find that the average B-factor values increase by ∼20–30% for all three proteins at low pH. Our results suggest that for the full-length PA, low pH increases the binding affinity, likely through a change in structure that favors a more “bound-like” conformation.
Early career secondary science teachers: A longitudinal study of beliefs in relation to field experiences†

This 3-year longitudinal study explores the evolving beliefs of five prospective secondary science teachers in a university preparation program from recruitment through their first year in the classroom. As an interpretive qualitative study, data were collected through semistructured interviews and an array of artifacts. The data sources were used to construct cases, which led to a cross-case analysis to understand the important themes in the project. There are three important conclusions from this study. First, the teachers' beliefs about teaching initially shift to a contemporary focus while participating in their teacher preparation program, but ultimately return to a didactic orientation by their first year in the classroom. At the same time, the teachers' beliefs about learning remain consistently more contemporary in nature. Finally, when the participants were enrolled in coursework with a field placement that emphasized reform-based teaching, their beliefs about teaching and learning were impacted in different ways based on the context of the placement and the individual. The findings from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the development of science teacher's beliefs about teaching and learning and the role that early field experiences play from preservice education through the induction years. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:1124–1146, 2011
Older Adults and Technology-Based Instruction: Optimizing Learning Outcomes and Transfer

Our purpose here is to provide an overview of the cognitive and socioemotional changes associated with aging and to propose ways that these changes can be accommodated in a technology-based trainin...
Simulation tools for digital design and computer organization and architecture

An ever-increasing number of software simulation tools are available for many topics covered in undergraduate engineering programs. Most are strong in terms of computation, allowing students to design and simulate system behavior. However, many of these tools do not help students visualize system behavior and understand why things are designed the way they are. This paper presents the methodology used to design several web-based simulation tools for undergraduate topics in digital design and computer organization and architecture. It discusses the design criteria common to all projects, as well as such logistical items as development tools and student support. This paper also discusses simulation tools for a computer system, a microprocessor, and a programmable logic device, which were developed using this methodology. The executable files and source code for these three simulators are available without cost under the GNU Public License.
The respiratory physiology of hemocyanin in Limulus polyphemus

1 Data obtained from measurements of internal pO2's with oxygen micro-electrodes and measurements of oxygenation are used to interpret the respiratory function of Limulus hemocyanin. 2 In animals acclimated to 8°C the coelomic fluid pO2's are lower than in those acclimated to 24°C. 3 Oxygen equilibrium curves of Limulus hemocyanin are shifted to the left at a lowered temperature. 4 The possible respiratory adaptations of Limulus to low environmental oxygen and their ecological significance are discussed.
A specific cytotoxic effect of anti-heart antibodies on cardiac-derived cells in a newly defined in vitro system.

Abstract Primary guinea pig cardiac-derived cells were established in vitro employing Lab-Tek tissue culture chambers. Monolayer development of pass No. 1 cells was found to fit the growth curve Y = X (A+ BX) , with the average correlation index (C.I.) equal to 0.99. The cytotoxic effect on monolayer development of anti-human, anti-rabbit, and anti-guinea pig heart antibodies on guinea pig cardiac-derived cell growth was studied and found not to be completely species specific. The presence of complement was necessary for any growth inhibition or cytotoxicity. While an absolute species specific effect was not established, milder growth inhibition patterns were noted in the heterologous systems compared to a marked cytotoxic effect in the homologous system. When the guinea pig cardiac-derived cells were grown in the presence of antiguinea pig heart antiserum alone, the average correlation index was 0.96 and A = 0.204. With the addition of complement, the C.I. dropped to 0.003. This departure from the expected values for the growth curve indicated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Cross-reactivity between the cytotoxic and anti-guinea pig heart antibodies and streptococcal serological M antigen types M-1, 5, and 12 was not found. These results were confirmed by passive hemagglutination and gel precipitation, with the exception of an equivocal cross-reactive antigen between M-12 and guinea pig heart acid extract. Nevertheless, there was no evidence in this report to validate previous suggestions that the beta hemolytic Group A streptococcal M-type antigens play a significant part in causing cardiac cell damage through stimulation of anti-heart antibody production.
Quantum dots and photonic microcavities: properties and optoelectronic device applications

The properties of quantum dot intersubband lasers and the unique carrier dynamics in the quantum dots that lead to the realization of these long wavelength devices are described. Photons also display unique properties when confined in a cavity whose size is of the order of the wavelength. The properties of a unique electroluminescent light emitter, in which the microcavity is a single defect in a quantum well photonic bandgap (PBG) material, is described.
Engaging in "illusory control" during repeated risk-taking.

Risk-taking behavior occurs when an individual chooses to engage in a game of chance. Although the outcomes of these games are completely random, many individuals believe that they can exercise some control over the outcomes. The present study examined the extent to which five undergraduate roulette players would pay additional money for opportunities to engage in an illusory activity that had no influence on the game's outcome, i.e., choosing random numbers rather than having the experimenter choose them. All five subjects engaged in this type of activity, and the extent to which they did was linearly related to the player's winnings. These findings may suggest why people continue to gamble when the odds of winning are against them.
SoyBase and the Legume Information System: Accessing Information about the Soybean and Other Legume Genomes

Publisher Summary Soybean researchers and breeders have access to many bioinformatic resources via several on-line research tools. Two of those resources are SoyBase and the Legume Information System (LIS). Together, these websites provide access to genetic maps, genome sequences, genes, locations of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), metabolic pathways, descriptions of traits and growth characteristics, gene expression data, mutants, and associated data. The websites also provide several analysis tools, including sequence search tools, metabolic pathway searches and exploration tools, and visualizations of genetic and genomic data in chromosomal regions. These resources enable a new era in the translation of molecular genetic technologies into practical applications for enhancing soybean productivity, improving crop protection, and increasing product quality. SoyBase and LIS are the locations for aggregating, relating, and providing access to biological data.
Comparison of Five Detection and Quantification Methods for Phytophthora ramorum in Stream and Irrigation Water.

Propagules of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death (SOD) and ramorum blight, can be recovered from infested stream and nursery irrigation runoff using baiting and filtration methods. Five detection methods, including pear and rhododendron leaf baits, Bottle O’ Bait, filtration, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed on zoospores trapped on a filter were compared simultaneously in laboratory assays using lab or creek water spiked with known quantities of P. ramorum zoospores. The detection threshold for each method was determined and methods that could be used to quantify zoospore inoculum were identified. Filtration and qPCR were the most sensitive at detecting low levels of zoospores, followed by wounded rhododendron leaves, rhododendron leaf disks, and pear baits. Filtration, qPCR, and leaf disks were able to quantify P. ramorum zoospores ranging from 2 to 451 direct-plate CFU/liter while wounded leaves and pear baits appeared to be better at detection rather t...
Bladder neck suspension material investigated in a rabbit model

Abstract Different principles for providing stable and durable suspension of the bladder neck and proximal urethral tissue are employed in endoscopic bladder neck suspension for female stress urinary incontinence. Six different anchor materials, some of which are currently used as tissue bolsters (anchors) for endoscopic bladder neck suspension, were implanted in the abdominal wall muscle of 45 rabbits. Tension on the anchors was measured and maintained by springs positioned between pairs of anchors. At two months evaluation, vascular graft and loops of suture retained 40% of the starting tension, while two sizes of screw anchors lost all tension. Silicone pads and kink free silicone tubing rapidly pulled through the tissue in 83% and 100% of the cases, respectively. Local tissue reaction with scar formation, physical characteristics of the anchor material (silicone, stainless steel, dacron or polypropolene) and cross sectional area of the anchor were identified as the important factors for anchor stabilization of tissue which has been repositioned under tension. ( J. Urol., 142: 1361–1363, 1989 )
The volatile constituents of coffee—IV : Furanic and pyrrolic compounds

Abstract The isolation from roasted coffee of twenty-five simple furanic and pyrrolic compounds is reported. All the compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods.
Pharmacologic considerations in the treatment of injured athletes with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

OBJECTIVE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to relieve discomfort and enhance the rate of recovery from athletic injuries. A clear understanding of general pharmacologic principles may help the health care professional to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize undesirable effects. Such principles include onset and duration of drug action, potency, half-life, steady state, and the impact of exercise and disease on drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. DATA SOURCES I searched the MEDLINE and CINAHL data- bases from 1983 to 1997 for the terms "anti-inflammatory drugs," "NSAIDs," "sports medicine," "injury," and "rehabilitation." DATA SYNTHESIS The NSAIDs exert their mechanism of action primarily through the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. A basic understanding of this mechanism on the part of the health care professional facilitates an understanding of potential side effects and drug interactions, especially those related to increased blood clotting time, diminished kidney function, and occurrence of gastrointestinal discomfort. The effectiveness of NSAIDs in increasing the rate of healing and relieving pain and inflammation can be affected by variables such as the extent of injury, drug dosing, duration of therapy, and the specific drug used. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS SOME GENERAL THERAPEUTIC CONCEPTS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BEFORE USING NSAIDS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (1) Only 1 of these agents should be used at a time in a patient. (2) They should preferably be given with food. (3) Specific outcomes should be delineated. (4) Each patient's physical condition and medical history should be considered before NSAIDs are instituted.
Carcinoma of the larynx.

In evaluating laryngeal lesions, the first question is whether to use irradiation or surgery as a primary mode of therapy. Traditionally, prophylactic neck dissection has been done for large laryngeal tumors. Recent evidence suggests that prophylactic neck dissection is not always indicated, especially for smaller transglottic lesions.
Physician-Owned Surgical Hospitals Outperform Other Hospitals in Medicare Value-Based Purchasing Program

Background The Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program measures value of care provided by participating Medicare hospitals and creates financial incentives for quality improvement and fosters increased transparency. Limited information is available comparing hospital performance across health care business models. Study Design The 2015 Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program results were used to examine hospital performance by business model. General linear modeling assessed differences in mean total performance score, hospital case mix index, and differences after adjustment for differences in hospital case mix index. Results Of 3,089 hospitals with total performance scores, categories of representative health care business models included 104 physician-owned surgical hospitals, 111 University HealthSystem Consortium, 14 US News & World Report Honor Roll hospitals, 33 Kaiser Permanente, and 124 Pioneer accountable care organization affiliated hospitals. Estimated mean total performance scores for physician-owned surgical hospitals (64.4; 95% CI, 61.83–66.38) and Kaiser Permanente (60.79; 95% CI, 56.56–65.03) were significantly higher compared with all remaining hospitals, and University HealthSystem Consortium members (36.8; 95% CI, 34.51–39.17) performed below the mean (p US News & World Report honorees (mean 2.24; p = 0.0140), and University HealthSystem Consortium members (mean 1.99; p Conclusions The Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program revealed superior hospital performance associated with business model. Closer inspection of high-value hospitals can guide value improvement and policy-making decisions for all Medicare Value-Based Purchasing Program Hospitals.
Dirty Secrets: The First Amendment in Protective-Order Litigation

Courts are split on whether the First Amendment limits court power to issue protective orders in the pretrial discovery context. Recent events highlight the importance of the issue. During the summer of 2013, a longstanding protective order in a priest-sex-abuse case was finally vacated. The discovery information made public included details about the offenders and information linking a high-ranking church official to efforts to shield church assets from victims’ abuse claims. Other examples of important information kept from the public abound – pretrial discovery related to dangerous products, industry contamination of a city’s water supply, and domestic spying by the United States government have all been shielded at one time or another by protective orders. This Article contends that the First Amendment should provide significantly more protection for litigant speech in this context.
Testing the Usability of Time-Geographic Maps for Crime Mapping

Time geography offers a rich framework for representing movement across space and time. An extension of time geography to crime mapping, as proposed by the models discussed in this chapter, requires an accounting for victim and offender mobility under event-related constraints (e.g. accessibility to a crime scene). This chapter discusses results from a study that evaluates the usability of 3D space-time cube maps for representing crime patterns. Also ­considered is the utility of the time-geographic framework for exploring crime events that occur at unknown points in space and time. To this end, this chapter discusses the problem of crime activities that are not amenable to point-based mapping, potential alternative visualization methods using time-geographic techniques, and the procedures and results of usability tests wherein participants were asked to interpret maps that incorporated various time-geographic ­attributes. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the practicality of using time geography within a crime mapping context.
The Viability of Human Adipocytes after Closed-Syringe Liposuction Harvest:

The notion of free-tissue transplantation of autologous adipose is not new, but has experienced a resurgence in interest due to the popularity of liposuction surgery. Literature review indicates a ...
The Influence of MgO Particle Size on Composite Bone Cements

Conventional poly Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) bone cement has a problem of stress-shielding due to big difference in strength between host bone and bone cement. Nanoparticles like MgO, Silver, BaSO4 have been added to PMMA cement to improve bone healing and reduce infection. But the issue of stress-shielding due to the inclusion of the nanoparticle to PMMA is not understood yet. The objectives of this research were to determine whether inclusion of micro/nano sizes MgO particles on PMMA bone cement has any influence on the interface fracture strength. Cobalt™ HV bone cement (CBC), a commercial orthopedic bone cement, was used in this research as PMMA bone cement. Three-point bend test were conducted to find elastic and fracture properties of CBC, CBC with 36 ??m MgO additives and CBC with 22 nm MgO additives. Fracture tests were also conducted on three groups of bone-cement specimen to find interface fracture toughness: (1) bone- CBC without MgO particles, (2) bone- CBC with µm MgO particles, and (4) bone- CBC with 22 nm MgO particles. Experimental results show that MgO particle sizes has no significant effect on the adhesion strength
Ultrafast and Highly Localized Microwave Heating in Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Thin Films

Carbon nanotubes have emerged as highly effective materials for microwave absorbing applications due to their high electrical conductivity, large aspect ratio, and high temperature stability against oxidation and corrosion. Ultrathin films are fabricated through layer-by-layer deposition of carbon nanotubes and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) from aqueous suspensions under ambient conditions. The number of immersion cycles controls the assembled thickness of these coatings, which provides an effective means of precisely tailoring their electrical properties and thermal response to microwaves. Films of thickness below 200 nm are capable of heating to high temperatures when irradiated with low microwave power, reaching over 130 °C in 30 s, at less than 10 W forward power, and rapidly cooling when the power is removed. In contrast to metal thin films, the multilayer carbon nanotube films are active microwave absorbers over a wide range of thickness, making them interesting for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave welding.
Zen and Behavioral Health: A Review of the Evidence

Generally speaking, Zen has become associated with greater physical and mental wellness as well as health-related products in modern culture. Given the widespread assumption that Zen is good for health, it is not surprising that Zen principles—especially the meditative technique of zazen—has been applied in clinical settings. The intent of this chapter, Zen and Behavioral Health: A Review of the Evidence, is to update the previous reviews on the topic by including scientific literature on zazen published since 2009. This chapter also expands former works by including meditation research that does involve rigorously controlled methodology. The implications of the current state of the evidence on clinical practice, on future research and the on the practice of Zen Buddhism are discussed.
Effectiveness and feasibility of robotic gastric neurostimulator placement in patients with refractory gastroparesis.

Gastric neurostimulation (GNS) with Enterra® therapy device (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) appears as the last resort for patients with refractory gastroparesis. Currently, the device has Humanitarian Use status by Food and Drug Administration, thereby requiring further investigation. We aim to describe its feasibility and clinical outcomes using robotic technique. From June 2014 to September 2016, 15 consecutive patients underwent robotic insertion of Enterra® device. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes including mortality, length of stay, readmission rates, reoperation and complications were retrospectively collected. Patients were also assessed based on a validated 14-point questionnaire regarding satisfaction with the operation, quality of life and symptomatic relief. Mean age was 41.6 years ± 13.8 and there were 11 females (73.3%). No mortality was reported. The annual hospital admissions were reduced after GNS (2.5 ± 4.1 vs. 3.6 ± 4.4, p = 0.004). The frequency of bloating (p = 0.029) and severity of emesis (p = 0.038), early satiety (p = 0.042) and bloating (p = 0.031) were reduced after GNS. The severity and frequency total scores were also improved after GNS (12.6 ± 1.4 vs. 18.1 ± 2.7, p = 0.008 and 12.9 ± 2.2 vs. 16.1 ± 1.1, p = 0.016, respectively). This is the first report describing the clinical experience with robotic insertion of GNS device. This approach is safe and feasible and seems to have similar long-term outcomes as laparoscopic technique. Potential advantages to robotic technique include enhanced dexterity and suturing of the device within gastric wall. Further experience with large prospective studies and randomized clinical trials may be warranted.
HIV Antiretroviral Therapy

A typical initial HIV regimen includes 3 HIV medications from a minimum of 2 drug classes. Although this treatment is not curative, it can provide longer lives for patients and reduce HIV transmission. This reduction of transmission has become a popular use of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive individuals and are with an HIV-negative partner. The successes of antiretroviral therapy have reduced HIV to a chronic condition in many parts of the world as progression to AIDS has become rare. Studies have found that the 3-drug regimen has led to a 60% to 80% decline in rates of AIDs, hospitalization, and death. By 2030 the CDC plans to implement a 90-90-90 plan (90% HIV diagnosed, 90% on therapy, and 90% suppressed). This activity describes the indications, contraindications, and use of HIV antiretroviral therapy and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in promoting their safety.
Health policy brief: Global mental health and the United Nations' sustainable development goals.

Introduction Increased awareness of the importance of mental health for global health has led to a number of new initiatives, including influential policy instruments issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN). Method This policy brief describes two WHO instruments, the Mental Health Action Plan for 2013-2020 (World Health Organization, 2013) and the Mental Health Atlas (World Health Organization, 2015), and presents a comparative analysis with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations, 2015). Results The WHO's Action Plan calls for several specific objectives and targets, with a focus on improving global mental health governance and service coverage. In contrast, the UN's Sustainable Development Goals include only one goal specific to mental health, with a single indicator tracking suicide mortality rates. Discussion The discrepancy between the WHO and UN frameworks suggests a need for increased policy coherence. Improved global health governance can provide the basis for ensuring and accelerating progress in global mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record
Larval morphology of Dart-Poison Frogs (Anura: Dendrobatoidea: Aromobatidae and Dendrobatidae)

Tadpoles in the superfamily Dendrobatoidea (families Aromobatidae and Dendrobatidae), housed in zoological collections or illustrated in publications, were studied. For the most part, tadpoles of species within the family Aromobatidae, the subfamilies Colostethinae and Hyloxalinae (of the family Dendrobatidae), and those of the genus Phyllobates, Dendrobatinae (Dendrobatidae) have slender anterior jaw sheaths with a medial notch and slender lateral processes, triangular fleshy projections on the inner margin of the nostrils and digestive tube with constant diameter and color and its axis sinistrally directed, concealing the liver and other organs. These morphologies are different from the ones observed in tadpoles of species included in the Dendrobatinae (minus Phyllobates). Exceptions to these morphological arrangements are noted, being the digestive system arrangement and the nostril ornamentation more plastic than the shape of the upperjaw sheath. Tadpoles of all species of the Dendrobatoidea have similar disposition of digestive organs in early stages, but differentiate in late stages of development. Classifying the upper jaw sheath into the two recognized states is possible from very early stages of development, but gut disposition and nostril ornamentation cannot be determined until late in development, making classification and taxonomic assignment of tadpoles based on these morphological features challenging.
The Genomes of Endophytic Bacteria

Genome sequencing and comparative genomics has had major impact on our understanding of the genetic potential, ecology, and evolution of microorganisms. Analysis of a dozen bacterial endophyte genomes have recently contributed insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable bacterial exploration of the plant interior, including genes for motility, colonization and synergistic interactions with the host. Known host-interaction systems include type IV pili, flagella, diverse dedicated secretion systems, genes for phytohormone synthesis and inhibition, bacterial volatiles, and antimicrobials. Different endophytes use different sets of known host interaction systems, suggesting that there are multiple strategies to colonize and persist within plants, and that there are different ways in which endophytes can interact with their host. The majority of host-interaction systems are shared with other bacteria, including plant- and animal pathogens. Functional exploration of the large sets of endophyte genes encoding hypothetical proteins (especially those shared with other phytobacteria) promises to further elucidate bacterial adaptation to life in plant tissue, especially in regards to plant colonization, defense evasion and plant growth promotion.
The Netting of Costs Against Income Receipts (Including Damage Recoveries) Produced By Such Costs, Without Barring Congress from Disallowing Such Costs

The principal thesis is that, under the federal income tax, costs of obtaining specific sums of money should be capitalized (as opposed to being treated as expenses), just as costs of obtaining property should be so capitalized. Since this article deals with costs of obtaining or receiving specific 'cash amounts', it propounds what can be referred to as a netting or offset rule, principle, or thesis. The netting thesis is a straightforward application of the capitalization principle that would operate (notwithstanding perceived current tax accounting conventions) without regard to the arbitrary confines of the taxable year. The netting thesis is opposed by the IRS, most conspicuously in the case of legal fees incurred by successful litigation plaintiffs (typically under contingency-fee arrangements) in obtaining non-excludible damages and settlement awards. The Service claims that such litigation costs are deductible under section 212(1) as expenses for the production or collection of income, but it turns out that such expenses are strongly disfavored as miscellaneous itemized deductions. The 2005 case of 'Commissioner v. Banks', which rejected an assignment-of-income theory for excluding from a plaintiff's income amounts paid to attorneys, declined to entertain the netting thesis on the ground that the issue wasn't ripe. Plaintiffs in certain situations have obtained tax relief under section 62(a)(20), enacted in late 2004. This article argues that the netting thesis should be adopted by the courts and/or Treasury. After laying out the deep theory of capitalization, various doctrinal strands (pro and con) are examined. It is concluded that adoption of the netting thesis can be done within existing doctrine and without rendering section 212(1) without relevance. It is also argued that there is no difference in 'constitutional' status between basis recovery and expenses, with the consequence that Congress has the power to disallow them equally.
A Novel and Efficient Technique to Generate Secured Biometric Key Using Cryptography

This paper proposes a novel methodology to generate efficient and secured key by using cryptographic techniques for the shared data to be secure. Conventional techniques depend on biometric features like face, fingerprint, iris, signature, hand geometry, keystroke, voice and the like for the extraction of key information. If a Biometric Key is lost or stolen, it is lost forever and perhaps for every application where the biometric is used, because a biometric is enduringly linked with a user and cannot be changed. In this paper we propose a technique to produce secured and efficient key from fingerprint so as to surmount these problems. The exibility and dependability of cryptography is enhanced with the utilization of cancellable biometric features. There are several biometric systems in existence that deal with cryptography. We propose a new approach which uses the features of finger print and RSA-2 algorithm to generate Cryptographic Key.
Non-native and invasive tree species - their impact on biodiversity loss

The paper gives an overview of non-native and invasive tree species, and offers the basic data about their current presence in European forests. It deals with definitions and classifications and explains how these species can affect new environment with the emphasis on local biodiversity loss. The process of invasion is also explained, emphasizing that there is a lag phase in which a species does not reveal its invasiveness, which can last even a few centuries (for certain species). That is why it is important to monitor non-native species and prevent their further establishment. Invasive species are less likely to develop in habitats with intense inter-species competition over a long period of time, in undisturbed areas with high biodiversity, but also in areas with the lack of nutrients, light and water or in areas where these resources are being heavily exploited by local plant communities.
Salience network connectivity and social processing in children with nonverbal learning disability or autism spectrum disorder.

Objective Nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) is a putative neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by spatial processing deficits as well as social deficits similar to those characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonetheless, NVLD may be a distinct disorder that is differentially associated with the functioning and connectivity of the salience (SN) and default mode (DMN) networks that support social processing. Thus, we sought to assess and compare connectivity across these networks in children with NVLD, ASD, and typically developing children. Method Resting-state fMRI data were examined in 17 children with NVLD, 17 children with ASD selected from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), and 40 TD children (20 from ABIDE). Average DMN and SN functional connectivity and pairwise region-to-region connectivity were compared across groups. Associations with social impairment and IQ were assessed. Results Children with NVLD showed reduced connectivity between SN regions (anterior insula to anterior cingulate and to rostral prefrontal cortex [rPFC]), whereas children with ASD showed greater connectivity between SN regions (supramarginal gyrus to rPFC) relative to the other groups. Both clinical groups showed higher levels of parent-reported social problems, which related to altered SN connectivity in the NVLD group. No differences were detected in overall average connectivity within or between networks. Conclusions The social deficits common across children with NVLD and ASD may derive from distinct alterations in connectivity within the SN. Such findings represent the first step toward identifying a neurobiological signature of NVLD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).