cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clavicular anatomy and the applicability of precontoured plates.

Background: Plate fixation of clavicular fractures is technically difficult because of the complex anatomy of the bone, with an S-shaped curvature and a cephalad-to-caudad bow. The purpose of the present study was to characterize variations in clavicular anatomy and to determine the clinical applicability of an anatomic precontoured clavicular plate designed for fracture fixation. Methods: One hundred pairs of clavicles were analyzed. The location and magnitude of the superior clavicular bow were determined with use of a digitizer and modeling software. Axial radiographs were made of each clavicle and the precontoured Acumed Locking Clavicle Plate, which is designed to be applied superiorly. With use of Adobe Photoshop technology, the plates were freely translated and rotated along each clavicle to determine the quality of fit and the location of the “best fit.” Results: The location of the maximum superior bow was lateral, with a mean distance of 37.2 ± 18.4 mm from the acromial articulation and with a mean magnitude of 5.1 ± 5.9 mm. There was no significant difference in the location or magnitude of the apex of the bow between specimens from male and female donors. The anatomic precontoured clavicular plate had the best fit in specimens from black male donors and the worst fit in specimens from white female donors, with a poor fit being seen in 38% (nineteen) of the fifty specimensfrom white female donors. The best location for superior plate application was along the medial aspect of the clavicle. Conclusions: The apex of the superior bow of the clavicle is typically located along the lateral aspect of the bone, whereas the medial aspect of the superior surface of the clavicle remains relatively flat, making it an ideal plating surface. The precontoured anatomic clavicular plate appears to fit the S-shaped curvature on the superior surface of the majority of clavicles in male patients but may not be as conforming in white female patients. While this plate fits in the medial three-fifths of the clavicle, it does not fit as well laterally. Clinical Relevance: Recent studies have shown that displaced midshaft clavicular fractures that are treated with plate fixation have better functional outcomes than those that are treated nonoperatively. An understanding of clavicular anatomy is paramount for optimal plate design and fracture fixation. Our data provide potentially important information for future clavicular plate designs and applications.
Ocular BB injuries.

Data from the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission indicate that air-powered guns were responsible for 22,800 injuries treated in emergency rooms during 1981, of which 1255 were eye injuries. From 1970 to 1981, 32 patients have undergone surgical intervention at the Wilmer Eye Institute for airgun-related eye injuries. Of the 22 patients with penetrating injuries from the pellets, 19 eyes were enucleated; final vision in the three remaining eyes was worse than 5/200. Of seven patients with nonpenetrating injuries, six had final vision of 20/40 or better. All three patients with penetrating injuries from shattered spectacle lenses had final vision of 20/40 or better. Histopathologic examination of the enucleated specimens demonstrated severe disruption of intraocular contents, particularly posteriorly. Despite the potential ocular dangers of airguns, only 11 states have enacted legislation that regulates their sale or use. BB injuries represent a devastating form of ocular trauma which can be prevented by adoption and enforcement of appropriate legislation.
Clinical evaluation of a resilient denture liner

lhd 1 e eve opment of a new type of resilient plastic offers promise as a soft liner for complete dentures, but proves disappointing in a clinical test involving problem denture patients. Failure to realize the objectives of complete denture treatment, particularly the objectives of patient comfort, and preservation of oral health and oral structure, is observed almost daily. The presence of battered and abused tissues which support well-designed and well-constructed complete dentures has prompted much thought on the usefulness of a permanent type of resilient denture liner. The favorable clinical results obtained with the proper use of resilient tissue conditioners tend to support the advantages that might be gained from a permanent type of resilient denture liner.
Intestinal Secretion: Stimulation by Peptides

Two peptides isolated from intestinal mucosa, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and gastric inhibitory peptide, stimulate small intestinal secretion in conscious dogs. Glucagon and pentagastrin also stimulate, but secretin and the octapetide of cholecystokinin do not. The stimulants may participate in regulation of intestinal secretion in health and in diseases with excessive secretion.
Enhanced Growth of Bordetella pertussis in Dialysis Culture

THE propagation of phase-1 Bordetella pertussis for vaccine production has been the subject of considerable experimentation. Some investigations1–4 dealt with a description of media which do not contain blood, yet few studies were directed to population development or to methods for achieving high-titred cultures. Pollock5 observed that the growth of the Pertussis organism in liquid media was enhanced by the presence of a diphtheroid; and Holt6 reported the recovery of high concentrations of B. pertussis from a solid-liquid biphasic system.
Bacterial infections after intestine and multivisceral transplantation.

Abstract Background The frequency of bacterial infections (BI) in intestinal transplant (IT) patients is high with sepsis being the leading cause of death after this procedure. We herein report our experience with major BI to ascertain the incidence, microbiological and clinical factors, risk factors and outcome. Materials and methods 124 patients (72 children and 52 adults) received 135 grafts: namely, 39 isolated intestine, 33 liver–intestine and 63 multivisceral. Only major BI were considered, namely, those associated with serious morbidity/mortality requiring specific therapy. Patient data were retrieved from computerized databases, flow-charts, and medical records. Results 92.7% patients showed BI. There were 327 episodes, representing 2.6 episodes/patient (2.8/patients with infection): 193 episodes of bacteremia (1.7/patient with BI) including 29.5% due to catheter related sepsis, 16.5% from abdominal source, 5.7% from respiratory origin and 4.1% from the wound. The organ locations includes 46 respiratory infections, 33 intraabdominal abscesses or infected fluid collections, 8 diffuse peritonitis, 34 wound infections and other miscellaneous sites: empyema, soft tissue infections, cholangitis…etc. Median time of infection was nine days after surgery (mean 22 ± 3 days), with 67.7% patients having at least one BI before the end of the first month. Infection was present in 76.2% of the 63 deceased patients. An infectious episode during month 1, a clinically manifest abdominal infection and a positive intraabdominal culture had negative impacts on patient survival. Conclusions BI are common and early complications after IT. The high rate of bacteremia, line sepsis and abdominal and respiratory infections reflect the recipient's condition, with chronic deterioration superimposed with the effects of prolonged abdominal visceral surgery.
Endoscopic Neck Dissection in Human Cadavers

To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic neck dissection (END) in human cadavers.
Some Special Examples in Renormalizable Field Theory

Some special problems of interacting fields that contain removable divergences are treated in detail. Comparisons with the power series renormalization procedures are made. Examination of the closed forms of the solutions before and after renormalization shows that, in one special case solved, coupling-constant renormalization cannot be obtained by any limiting processes that involve only real values of the unrenormalized coupling constant.
From Band Structures to Linear and Nonlinear Optical Spectra in Semiconductors

The theory of the relation between optical properties and electronic band structures is reviewed. In the first part, we describe various approaches to go beyond the long-wavelength limit perturbation theoretical approach in the independent particle approximation for linear optical response functions. In the latter, electron-electron interaction effects are only included in as far as they are implicit in the underlying band structure (typically within the local density functional approximation). We discuss the inclusion of quasiparticle corrections to the band structures, local-field and electron-hole interaction effects. A case study of GaN is used to illustrate the discrepancies between theory and experiment that arise from neglect of these effects. On the other hand, the paper also illustrates that in the process of extracting the band structure information from optical spectra, the independent particle model still plays a central role. In the case of nonlinear optical response, even the independent particle model was only recently fully developed. Recent progress in this area and their implementation within the context of first-principles band structure methods is presented next. Some examples are used to illustrate the potentially richer information contained in NLO spectra in relation to the underlying band structures. Secondly, progress in understanding the trends in NLO coefficients in some classes of materials is illustrated with a study of chalcopyrites.
A Proposal for the Security of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks: a pricing model inspired by the theory of complex networks

This short research note proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) network security pricing model that promotes the growth of P2P networks with an increased resistance to malicious code propagation. The security pricing model integrates findings from recent developments in complex network theory with incentive compatible pricing. The model links file download prices in P2P networks with a metric called the Pearson coefficient. The calculation of the Pearson coefficient indicates a structural dimension of networks called "preferential attachment". The security pricing model employs a mechanism that charges nodes (network users) higher prices for choosing "bad" links, that is links that decrease the Pearson coefficient, because these links inhibit preferential attachment in networks and ultimately degrade networks' resistance to malicious code propagation. The security pricing model provides incentives for nodes to choose the lower priced "good" links (that is, links that increase the Pearson coefficient). Continuing research will focus on formalizing and validating the P2P network security model. Simulation will be used to test the resistance of networks grown under this model to malicious code propagation. We demonstrate a different approach to P2P network security and hope that the final analysis will provide insights and provide a significant contribution to the future study of the security of distributed transient networks (DTN) including P2P, ad hoc, and other computer based networks.
Anaerobic metabolism of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by human fecal flora

Incubation of the heterocyclic cooked food mutagen IQ with mixed human fecal microflora under anaerobic conditions yielded 2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one (2) as the major detectable metabolite.
Intrathecal Humoral Responses Are Inversely Associated with the Frequency of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Macrophage-Tropic Variants in the Central Nervous System

Sustained simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) strains that are often easily neutralizable. The CNS is often thought of as an immunologically privileged site that fosters replication of M-tropic quasispecies. Yet, there are limited data addressing the intrathecal antibody response or the role of the humoral response, in general, to control M-tropic strains. We investigated the temporal course of the intrathecal fusion inhibitory activity against an M-tropic viral variant and found an inverse relationship between the magnitude of this neutralization and the prevalence of M-tropic populations. These studies suggest a role for the humoral response in the suppression of M-tropic viral species in the CNS in experimental SIV infection.
Does making clinic-based reproductive health services more youth-friendly increase service use by adolescents? evidence from Lusaka, Zambia

Abstract Purpose To report the findings of a study that evaluated the impact of three youth-friendly service (YFS) projects in Lusaka, Zambia. In 1994, the Lusaka District Health Management Team (LDHMT) identified adolescents as a priority underserved population with regard to reproductive health information and services. As part of its long-term goal to improve the health and well-being of Lusaka youth, the LDHMT, in collaboration with CARE, UNICEF/Zambia Family Life Movement, and John Snow International, implemented three separate YFS projects to increase service use among adolescents. Methods Service statistics from 10 clinics (8 "treatment clinics" and 2 "non-YFS clinics") were used to measure adolescent service use. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected to measure the degree of "youth-friendliness" at the clinics and the level of community acceptance of providing reproductive health services to youth. Specific indicators of youth-friendliness were developed that measured the attitudes of the clinic staff toward giving services to youth, whether clinic staff honored privacy and confidentiality, whether boys and young men were welcomed, whether the clinic policies supported providing services for youth, whether clinic staff promoted its services to youth in surrounding community, and whether youth, themselves, perceived that they would be welcomed and have their needs met at the clinics. Similarly, indicators of community acceptance were developed that measured whether parents and other adults supported the provision of reproductive health services to youth. Results and conclusions Although the projects appear to have improved the clinic experience for adolescent clients and to have increased service use levels at some clinics, the findings suggest that community acceptance of reproductive health services for youth may have a larger impact on the health-seeking behaviors of adolescents.
Low Cost Propulsion Technology Testing at the Stennis Space Center: Propulsion Test Article and the Horizontal Test Facility

The need for low cost access to space has initiated the development of low cost liquid rocket engine and propulsion system hardware at the Marshall Space Flight Center. This hardware will be tested at the Stennis Space Center's B-2 test stand. This stand has been reactivated for the testing of the Marshall designed Fastrac engine and the Propulsion Test Article. The RP-1 and LOX engine is a turbopump fed gas generator rocket with an ablative nozzle which has a thrust of 60,000 lbf. The Propulsion Test Article (PTA) is a test bed for low cost propulsion system hardware including a composite RP-I tank, flight feedlines and pressurization system, stacked in a booster configuration. The PTA is located near the center line of the B-2 test stand, firing vertically into the water cooled flame deflector. A new second position on the B-2 test stand has been designed and built for the horizontal testing of the Fastrac engine in direct support of the X-34 launch vehicle. The design and integration of these test facilities as well as the coordination which was required between the two Centers is described and lessons learned are provided. The construction of the horizontal test position is discussed in detail. The activation of these facilities is examined and the major test milestones are described.
Plastic strip model of circular crack under cyclic loading with damage accumulation

Abstract A cylindrical solid containing a penny-shaped crack in its mid plane is subjected to a remote tensile stress field. In the plastic region near the crack border, damage due to continuous deterioration of the material accumulates, and may lead to crack instability and crack growth. A damage model relating the crack opening displacement in the plastic zone to the fraction of the cross-sectional area occupied by voids is used to describe the conditions necessary for the onset of crack instability, fatigue crack propagation by cyclic loading, and rates of crack growth for time-dependent environmental effects.
Duality of Illusion and Reality in Desai's In Custody

In his article "Duality of Illusion and Reality in Desai's In Custody" Narinder K. Sharma analyses Anita Desai's internal confrontation of choices. In the novel, Desai's narration offers various options at every step and the author suggests that it becomes difficult to decide what actually should be done. The attempt is to personalize impersonal time and space thereby brings it into the domain of conflicting choices signifying an existential desire to manifest freedom. Going a step further, it can be deciphered that the individual desires to make an ideal choice to experience "authenticity"; however, the desire of making an ideal choice results in the creation of psychic tension. Thus, for Desai, the subject often feels a psychic pull which signifies a "lack," a "void," or a possibility of something ideal left out or missed. In Sharma's analysis of In Custody the contradiction that splits an individual apart as subjective reflection takes place with relation to making an existential choice. Narinder K. Sharma, "Duality of Illusion and Reality in Desai's In Custody" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 14.2 (2012): Thematic Issue New Work in Comparative Indian Literatures and Cultures. Ed. M.G. Ramanan and T. Mukherjee
MODERN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a potentially reversible cause of heart failure that can pose a diagnostic challenge. This study provides the first blinded evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of 5 modern echocardiographic parameters. Mayo Clinic patients with surgically-confirmed CP (N=131) in
Oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin-like substance in isolated rat uterus.

Abstract Isolated rat uterine horns were incubated in van Dyke-Hastings solution containing 1.0 mU/ml of oxytocin (Pitocin) at 30°C for 60 to 90 min. The uterine strips were found to remain strongly contracted throughout the incubation period and release into the bathing fluif a prostaglandin-like activity which was detectable by bioassays on the isolated rat uterine and stomach preparations. It was also found that ethyl acetate used in the extraction procedure had a potent inhibitory effect on the responses of the rat uterine and stomach strips to oxytocin and PGF 2α .
Efficient runtime performance monitoring of FPGA-based applications

Embedded computing platforms have long incorporated non-traditional architectures (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs) to combat the diminishing returns of Moore's Law as applied to traditional processors. These specialized architectures can offer higher performance potential in a smaller space, higher power efficiency, and competitive costs. A price is paid, however, in development difficulty in determining functional correctness and understanding the performance of such a system. In this paper we focus on improving the task of performance debugging streaming applications deployed on FPGAs. We describe our runtime performance monitoring infrastructure, its capabilities and overheads on several different configurations of the monitor. We then employ the monitoring system to study the performance effects of provisioning resources for Mercury BLASTN, an implementation of the BLASTN sequence comparison application on an FPGA-accelerated system.
Interactions of alcuronium, TMB-8, and other allosteric ligands with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: studies with chimeric receptors.

A series of ligands that allosterically modulate the binding of classical ligands to muscarinic receptors was evaluated at wildtype and chimeric receptors. All of the ligands studied had highest affinity toward the M2 subtype and lowest affinity toward the M5 subtype. The chimeric receptors were mostly M5 sequence; the amount of M2 sequence ranged from about 6 to just under 30%. Alcuronium and TMB-8 had much higher affinity for the chimeric receptor that included the M2 second outer loop of the receptor plus flanking regions of TM4 and TM5 than for any of the other chimeric receptors (the affinities of which remained similar to that of the M5 subtype). However, this chimera retained the negative cooperativity between alcuronium and the classical antagonist N-methylscopolamine that is characteristic of M5 (these ligands are positively cooperative at M2). Verapamil, tetrahydroaminoacridine, and d-tubocurarine were also sensitive to that chimeric substitution, although verapamil and tetrahydroaminoacridine had even higher affinity for a chimera with M2 sequence in TM7. None of these ligands shared gallamine’s sensitivity to a region of the third outer loop, but studies in which obidoxime reversed the allosteric effects of gallamine and other ligands suggested that they nevertheless compete for a common site. In summary, although the present data are consistent with previous studies that have suggested that allosteric ligands bind to the outermost regions of muscarinic receptors, it appears that different allosteric ligands may derive subtype selectivity from different regions of the receptor.
Identification and Evaluation of a Dynamic Model for a Thin Film Deposition Process

This study proposes an algorithm for computing a dynamic model for a thin film deposition process. The proposed algorithm is used on high dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations and consists of applying principal component analysis (PCA) for reducing the state dimension, self organizing map (SOM) for grouping similar surface configurations and simple cell mapping (SCM) for identifying the transitions between different surface configuration groups. The error associated with this model reduction approach is characterized by running 600 test simulations with highly dynamic and random input profiles. Global error, which is the normalized Euclidean distance between the real and predicted states, is found out to be 0.0058 on average for the test simulations. Our study shows that the proposed algorithm is useful for extracting dynamic models from high dimensional and noisy molecular simulation data.
Functional significance of erythropoietin receptor on tumor cells

Erythropoietin (Epo) is the regulator of red blood cell formation. Its receptor (EpoR) is now found in many cells and tissues of the body. EpoR is also shown to occur in tumor cells and Epo enhances the proliferation of these cells through cell signaling. EpoR antagonist can reduce the growth of the tumor in vivo. In view of our current knowledge of Epo, its recombinant forms and receptor, use of Epo in cancer patients to enhance the recovery of hematocrit after chemotherapy treatment has to be carefully evaluated.
Fabrication and characterization of 18.6% efficient multicrystalline silicon solar cells

Solar cell efficiencies as high as 18.6%(1 cm/sup 2/ area) have been achieved by a process which involves impurity gettering and effective back surface recombination velocity reduction of 0.65 /spl Omega/-cm multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) grown by the heat exchanger method (HEM). Contactless photoconductance decay (PCD) analysis revealed that the bulk lifetime (/spl tau//sub b/) in HEM samples after phosphorus gettering can exceed 100 /spl mu/s. At these /spl tau//sub b/ levels, the back surface recombination velocity (S/sub b/) resulting from unoptimized back surface field (BSF) design becomes a major limitation to solar cell performance. By implementing an improved aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF), S/sub b/ values in this study were lowered from 8000-10000 cm/s range to 2000 cm/s for HEM mc-Si devices. This combination of high /spl tau//sub b/ and moderately low S/sub b/ resulted in the 18.6% device efficiency. Detailed model calculations indicate that lowering S/sub b/ further can raise the efficiency of similar HEM mc-Si devices above 19.0%, thus closing the efficiency gap between good quality, untextured single crystal and mc-Si solar cells. For less efficient devices formed on the same material, the presence of electrically active extended defects have been found to be the main cause for the performance degradation. A combination of light beam induced current (LBIC) scans as well as forward-biased current measurements have been used to analyze the effects of these extended defects on cell performance.
Increasing website use for provision of nursing contact hour programming

There are continual changes in healthcare research, delivery, equipment and standards. These changes lead to the need for a focus on provision of nursing education to staff to assure safe delivery of quality patient care. However, cost factors, staffing limitations and availability of presenters are but a few factors that challenge the classroom delivery mechanism for nursing professional development. Use of nursing continuing education websites that can be individualized to meet the needs of each organization should be considered. This article reflects one academic Midwestern academic medical center’s journey to establish a website for this use. Websites are now a familiar methodology among nurses and can overcome many hurdles in making quality, cost effective educational programs easily available while still meeting continuing education guidelines and organizational needs.
Comparative Statics of Optimal Nonlinear Income Taxation in the Presence of a Publicly Provided Input

Comparative static properties of the solution to an optimal nonlinear income tax problem are provided for a model in which the government both designs a redistributive income tax schedule and provides a public input into a nonlinear production process. These assumptions imply that wage rates are endogenous. The endogeneity of the wages necessitates taking account of general equilibrium effects of changes in the parameters of the model that are not present when the technology is linear.
A Comparison of BTA Stat, Hemoglobin Dipstick, Telomerase and Vysis Urovysion Assays for the Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma in Urine

Purpose: We determine the sensitivity and specificity of various assays for the detection of urothelial carcinoma.Materials and Methods: A total of 280 voided urine specimens from 265 patients were obtained immediately before cystoscopy for BTA stat, (Bard Diagnostic, Redmond, Washington) hemoglobin dipstick, (Bayer, Elkhart, Indiana) telomerase and UroVysion (Vysis, a wholly owned subsidiary of Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois) analysis.Results: Of the 265 patients 75 had biopsy proven urothelial carcinoma, and the sensitivity of the assays was determined from these patients. From most sensitive to least sensitive, the overall sensitivity of UroVysion (73 cases), BTA stat (72), hemoglobin dipstick (73) and telomerase (70) was 81%, 78%, 74%, and 46%, respectively. Each of the first 3 tests was statistically significantly more sensitive than the telomerase assay (p <0.05). However, the differences in overall sensitivity of UroVysion, BTA stat and hemoglobin dipstick were not statistically signifi...
Students' Perceptions of Their Connectedness in the Community College Basic Public Speaking Course.

This study explores what classroom behaviors and activities in the basic speech course contribute to student connectedness. The results indicate that student encouragement, humor, honesty, interactive exercises and individual speeches, can help student bonding and motivation, and impacts their overall college experience.
An estimate on the parabolic fractal dimension of the singular set for solutions of the Navier-Stokes system

We estimate the parabolic fractal (or parabolic box-counting) dimension of the singular set for suitable weak solutions of the Navier?Stokes equations in a bounded domain D. We prove that the parabolic fractal dimension is bounded by 45/29 improving an earlier result from (Kukavica 2009 Nonlinearity 22 2889?900). Also, we introduce the new (parabolic) ?-fractal dimension, where ? is a parameter, which for ??=?1 agrees with the parabolic fractal and for ??=?? with the parabolic Hausdorff dimension. We prove that for a certain range of ?, the dimension of the singular set is bounded by 3/2.
Tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium Difluorotrimethylsilicate

(R = Me) [59218-87-0] C9H27F2N3SSi (MW 275.55) InChI = 1S/C6H18N3S.C3H9F2Si/c1-7(2)10(8(3)4)9(5)6;1-6(2,3,4)5/h1-6H3;1-3H3/q+1;-1 InChIKey = JMGVTLYEFSBAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R = Et) [59201-86-4] C15H39F2N3SSi (MW 359.73) InChI = 1S/C12H30N3S.C3H9F2Si/c1-7-13(8-2)16(14(9-3)10-4)15(11-5)12-6;1-6(2,3,4)5/h7-12H2,1-6H3;1-3H3/q+1;-1 InChIKey = WRVWLZUYPSYYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (anhydrous fluoride ion source; synthesis of CF compounds by nucleophilic displacement of sulfonates;3 promoter for electrophilic reactions of silyl enolates of ketones and esters;4-6 source of sulfonium cation capable of stabilizing or imparting high nucleophilic reactivity to other anions;4, 6, 8a,10a activator of vinylsilanes in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions;7 also used for generation8 and reactions10 of α- and β-halo carbanions; hydrosilylation11 and cyanomethylation14 of ketones) Alternate Name: TASF. Physical Data: R = Me, mp 98–101 °C; R = Et, mp 90–95 °C. Solubility: R = Me, sol MeCN, pyridine, benzonitrile; partially sol THF. R = Et, sol THF, MeCN. Both react slowly with MeCN. Form Supplied in: R = Me, white crystalline solid, ∼90% pure; major impurity is tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium bifluoride [(Me2N)3S+ HF2−]. Analysis of Reagent Purity: mp; 19F NMR δ (at 200 MHz, CFCl3 standard) TASMe3SiF2 (CD3CN) δ −60.3; TASHF2 −145.8 (d, JHF = 120 Hz). Preparative Methods: the methyl derivative is prepared by the reaction of dimethylaminotrimethylsilane and Sulfur Tetrafluoride at −70 °C to rt in ether; the precipitated solid is filtered off.1a The ethyl derivative is best prepared by the reaction of N,N-Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) and diethylaminotrimethylsilane.1b,11b Handling, Storage, and Precautions: because of the extreme hygroscopic nature of this compound, it is best handled in a dry box or a polyethylene glove bag filled with high purity nitrogen. Use in a fume hood.
Changes in aromatase activity in the rat brain during embryonic, neonatal, and infantile development.

We assessed the activity of the aromatase enzyme complex in slices of brain from rats by measuring the release of 3H2O from [lβ-3H]testosterone. In hypothalami from 12-day-old rats, the rate of aromatase activity was linear with time and amount of tissue. The reaction was saturated at a substrate concentration of 0.1 μM, and the apparent Km of the reaction was 27 nM. The production of 3H2O was inhibited by 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, with an apparent K; of 29 nM. Aromatase activity was first detected in the diencephalon of 16-day-old fetuses and reached maximum rates in hypothalamic tissue between days 18 and 20 of gestation. The highest rate of activity per mg protein (4.8 pmol h-1 mg protein-1) was observed in the preoptic area (POA) on the 20th day of embryonic development. However, when expressed as a rate per tissue fragment, aromatase activity was as high in the medial basal hypothalamus as in the POA. After day 20 of gestation aromatase activity rapidly decreased in the POA and medial basal hypothala...
Perspectives on adult education, human resource development, and the emergence of workforce development

This article presents a perspective on the relationship between adult education and human resource development of the past two decades and the subsequent emergence of workforce development. The lesson taken from the article should be more than simply a recounting of events related to these fields of study. Instead, the more general lesson may be to illustrate again the dynamic of how applied fields of study emerge. That is, as societal issues of importance occur, existing processes and information are often used out of necessity by practitioners to address the issues, which in turn promotes reflections mostly from the academic community about what was done. For some professionals, the evolving cycle is painful to experience because it often calls for fundamental change in their known intellectual territory. Alternately, such change should be embraced to ensure the continuing societal relevance of the field of study.
Reply to Duprez et al. and List et al. regarding chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids

Sir, It was our pleasure to review correspondence regarding our paper in Brain (Pittock et al ., 2010). Duprez and Sindic present a patient with a severe brainstem syndrome with MRI evidence of more focal enhancement that they evaluated with perfusion-weighted neuroimaging to evaluate regional cerebral blood flow. The neuroimaging findings in particular appear to diverge from the characteristic neuroimaging findings of curvilinear and punctate enhancement on gadolinium imaging that we presented. …
Mycoplasma genitalium-Encoded MG309 Activates NF-κB via Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 6 To Elicit Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion from Human Genital Epithelial Cells

Mycoplasma genitalium has been implicated in several important reproductive tract syndromes in women, including pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, and tubal factor infertility. The mechanisms of immune activation are unclear, and we sought to determine whether M. genitalium was capable of activating innate immune responses through ligation of highly expressed Toll-like receptors (TLR) of the genital tract. Using HEK293 cells expressing specific human TLR, viable M. genitalium and the recombinant C-terminal portion of the immunogenic protein MG309 (rMG309c) were shown to activate NF-κB via TLR2/6. These data provided a putative mechanism for activation of the innate response in genital tissues. Genital epithelial cells (EC) are the first responders to sexually transmitted pathogens and express high levels of TLR2 and -6. Following exposure to purified rMG309c, vaginal and ecto- and endocervical EC secreted proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8. Vaginal EC were less responsive than cervical EC. The capacity of rMG309c to bind TLR2/6 and elicit inflammation was sensitive to proteinase K digestion and independent of traditional N-terminal lipoylation. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory capacity of rMG309c was localized specifically to a 91-amino-acid subfragment of the recombinant protein, suggesting that TLR activation is likely amino acid based. Together, these data indicated that human vaginal and cervical EC are immunologically responsive to M. genitalium and to purified rMG309c via highly expressed TLR of the genital tract. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms for activation of acute-phase inflammatory responses and suggest that M. genitalium colonization of reproductive tract tissues may result in inflammatory sequelae.
High-temperature large-strain behavior of polycarbonate polyetherimide and poly(butylene terephthalate)

A noncontacting experimental procedure has been used for characterizing the high-temperature large-strain uniaxial behavior of polycarbonate (PC), polyetherimide (PEI), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), through controlled tests on flat specimens cut from extruded sheet. While each of these polymers exhibits stable necking over a broad temperature range, the transition to the necked state is shown to be more gradual at higher temperatures, resulting in a less sharply defined neck transition region during the drawing process. These trends in necking behavior, and other phenomena such as double necking, which only occur at high temperatures, are illustrated through contour plots of the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. Elevated temperature true-stress versus stretch data are given for each of these polymers.
Altered expression of nuclear hormone receptors and coactivators in mouse heart during the acute-phase response.

Severe sepsis results in the decreased uptake and oxidation of fatty acids in the heart and cardiac failure. Some of the key proteins required for fatty acid uptake and oxidation in the heart have ...
The clinical utility of the proposed DSM-5 callous-unemotional subtype of conduct disorder in young girls.

Objective A callous-unemotional (CU) subtype of conduct disorder (CD) has been proposed as an addition to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ). This study tested the hypothesis that young girls with the CU subtype of CD would exhibit more severe antisocial behavior and less severe internalizing problems over time relative to girls with CD alone. Second, the developmental outcomes of girls with CU traits in the absence of CD was examined because these girls would be overlooked by the proposed CU subtyping scheme. Method Theses issues were examined in a community sample of 1,862 girls 6 to 8 years of age at study onset. Outcomes included internalizing and externalizing problems, academic achievement, and global impairment assessed concurrently and at a 6-year follow-up. Results Girls with the CU subtype of CD had higher levels of externalizing disorder symptoms, bullying, relational aggression, and global impairment than girls with CD alone. Girls with CD alone tended to have more anxiety problems than girls with the CU subtype of CD. Girls with high CU traits without CD exhibited higher ODD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lower academic achievement at the 6-year follow-up relative to girls without CU traits and CD. Group differences at the 6-year follow-up were primarily accounted for by baseline differences on the outcomes. Conclusions The proposed DSM-5 CU subtype of CD identifies young girls who exhibit lower anxiety problems and more severe aggression, CD symptoms, academic problems and global impairment across time than girls with CD alone.
Ultrafast optical wide field microscopy

We have developed a new imaging method, ultrafast optical wide field microscopy, capable of rapidly acquiring wide field images of nearly any sample in a non-contact manner with high spatial and temporal resolution. Time-resolved images of the photoinduced changes in transmission for a patterned semiconductor thin film and a single silicon nanowire after optical excitation are captured using a two-dimensional smart pixel array detector. These images represent the time-dependent carrier dynamics with high sensitivity, femtosecond time resolution and sub-micrometer spatial resolution.
Branch renal artery repair with cold perfusion protection

Purpose This retrospective review describes the use and clinical outcome of cold perfusion protection during branch renal artery (RA) repair in 77 consecutive patients. Methods From July 1987 through November 2006, 874 patients had open operative RA repair to 1312 kidneys. Seventy-seven patients (62 women, 15 men; mean age, 44 ± 17 years) had branch RA reconstruction using ex vivo or in situ cold perfusion protection for 78 kidneys. Demographic data and surgical technique were examined. Blood pressure response and renal function were estimated. Patency of repair was determined by angiography and renal duplex ultrasound (RDUS) imaging. Primary RA patency was estimated by life-table methods. Results Seventy-eight RAs were repaired using ex vivo (49 kidneys) or in situ (29 kidneys) cold perfusion protection. Bilateral RA repair was performed in eight patients, with 13 repairs to solitary kidneys. RA disease included aneurysm (RAA) in 50, fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in 37, atherosclerosis in 5, and arteritis in 2; 16 patients had both FMD and RAA. Hypertension was present in 93.5% (mean blood pressure, 184 ± 35/107 ± 19 mm Hg; mean of 1.9 ± 1.1 drugs). RA repair included bypass using saphenous vein in 69, hypogastric artery in 3, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 2, composite vein/PTFE in 2, cephalic vein in 1, or aneurysmorrhaphy in 1. The eight bilateral RA repairs were staged. One patient required bilateral cold perfusion protection. One planned nephrectomy was performed at the time of contralateral ex vivo reconstruction. No primary nephrectomies were required for intended reconstruction. Each RA reconstruction required branch dissection and reconstruction (mean of 2.8 ± 1.6 branches were repaired). Mean cold ischemia time was 125 ± 40 minutes. Each kidney was reconstructed in an orthotopic fashion. Five early failures of repair required three nephrectomies and one operative revision. Based on postoperative angiography or RDUS, or both, primary patency of RA repair at 12 months was 85% ± 5%; assisted primary patency was 93% ± 4%. Among patients with preoperative hypertension, 15% were cured, 65% were improved, and 20% were considered failed. Early renal function was improved in 35%, unchanged in 48%, and worse in 17%. Four patients had perioperative acute tubular necrosis. No patient progressed to dialysis-dependence. Conclusion Both ex vivo and in situ cold perfusion protection extend the safe renal ischemia time for complex branch RA repair and avoid the need for nephrectomy.
Propagation of Selected Clones of Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) by Stem Cuttings

Abstract Two experiments, one utilizing softwood cuttings and the other semi-hardwood cuttings, were conducted to investigate the influence of growth stage and auxin treatment on rooting four related clones of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.). The four clones were ‘Flame’ (C. canadensis L. ‘Flame’), dwarf white, and two selections (NC99-6-1 and NC99-6-2) of an F1 generation derived from a cross of ‘Flame’ and dwarf white. At each growth stage, rooting responses of the clones varied and were influenced greatly by auxin treatment, demonstrating the variable rooting potential of the genotypes. In both studies, ‘Flame’ rooted well [63% rooting in the softwood study when treated with the potassium (K) salt (K-salt) of indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 5000 mg·L−1 (ppm), 83% rooting when treated in the semi-hardwood study with K-IBA at 10,000 mg·L−1], indicating stem cuttings may be a commercially feasible means of propagation for ‘Flame.’ Softwood cuttings of dwarf white (46%) and NC99-6-2 (75%) rooted best whe...
The U.S. 'Pivot' to Asia and Evolving China-Taiwan Relations

For over 40 years, the United States has set reducing tension and encouraging dialogue across the Taiwan Strait as an important policy goal and a pillar for peace and stability in the Western Pacific region. The U.S. has relied on the policy of “strategic ambiguity” to deter both Beijing and Taipei from taking destabilizing moves that challenges the U.S.-constructed “status quo,” but the emphasis was on preventing the (forceful) absorption of Taiwan by China. However, relations between Taiwan and China since 2008 have improved so dramatically that some analysts begin to ask whether the U.S. should now be concerned about Taiwan willingly (albeit peacefully) joining China. Others argue that consequently Taiwan has become a strategic liability to the U.S. and urge Washington to abandon Taipei for the sake of improving relations with Beijing. How do Taiwan and the future direction of cross-strait relations fit in the Obama Administration’s rebalancing (pivot) to Asia? Many see the U.S. “Pacific Pivot” as a response to China’s recent assertive policies, the shifting power balance caused by the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, and the realization that Asia holds key to the economic and security futures of the United States. As an economic powerhouse critical for the global production network, a vibrant democracy beaconing hope for the mainland, and a strategic crossroad crucial to the PRC’s geopolitical aspirations, Taiwan should figure prominently in the U.S. pivot policy. What explains the Obama administration’s near official silence on the role of Taiwan in the U.S. pivot policy? This paper examines three hypotheses: (1) “The Lost Cause” thesis (i.e., Pivot without Taiwan), (2) “The Fate Undetermined” thesis (i.e., Pivot, then Taiwan), and (3) “The Tacit Alliance” thesis (i.e., Pivot with Taiwan, in deed if not in word) against available evidence and assesses the positive and negative implications of the evolving cross-strait relations for the U.S. pivot to Asia as well as the U.S. policy’s impact on cross-strait relations.
PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF GENETIC SIMILARITY TO SHOW RELATEDNESS.

Genetic heterogeneity from allozyme data in social mammals has received recent attention as a tool to show degree of relatedness among colony members. Whether one is considering a colonial anemone, a prairie bunchgrass, or a swarm of insects, the idea of using electrophoretic genetic heterogeneity as a tool to infer relatedness in social organisms is appealing. In many instances a naturally occurring aggregation may be readily observed, but relatedness among group members is known only by observing a population until a complete turnover of individuals occurs. For many long-lived species, or species with complex or obscure life cycles, this is impractical. Here we used data we have obtained from a social mammal to evaluate the use of electrophoretic genetic heterogeneity to determine relatedness. If social groups are kin groups, sociality may result from behaviors which favor the incorporation of known individuals, who are likely to be closely related, into the society and the rejection of strangers, who are likely to be unrelated or distantly related. Thus, sociality may result from kin selection and inclusive fitness (Hamilton, 1964; West Eberhard, 1975). Qualitative conditions that promote genetic heterogeneity among social groups and increase the relatedness of group members include: (1) the restriction of mate selection to those within the social group, (2) a low exchange rate of individuals among groups, and (3) preferential recruitment of juveniles into their natal group (McCracken and Bradbury, 1978). These criteria were used by McCracken and Bradbury in evaluating the kinship within colonies of phyllostomid bats on the island of Trinidad. They found that all juveniles dispersed from their natal colony, that recruitment into harems was random, and that harems and colonies were not heterogeneous at three allozyme loci. Thus they concluded that relatedness among colony members was low and sociality in this species at this location was not a result of kin selection. Here we consider the opposite case in which
Occurrence of Chalk Brood (Ascosphaera Apis) in Honey Bees in the United States

In late June, 1971, a sample of dead larvae of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., was sent for diagnosis to the U. S. Bee Disease Investigations Laboratory at Laramie by a commercial beekeeper in southcentral Nebraska. He reported that the disease had affected about 10 to 15 per cent of some 900 10-frame colonies which he had moved from Texas to Nebraska by May 10. The diseased colonies were very slow in increasing their populations. The dead larvae were dried and had a somewhat spongy consistency. Most were chalky white on the dorsal surface and mottled with light brown on the ventral surface (FIG. 1). A few were covered with black spots. Microscopic examination revealed that the larval bodies were compact masses of fungal mycelia and that the dark spots were fruiting bodies.