cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trace Fossils in Eolian Facies of the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Dinosaur Canyon Member, Moenave Formation, Northern Arizona

The Dinosaur Canyon Member of the Moenave Formation, of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic (Rhaetian-Hettangian) age, consists predominantly of sandstones and mudstones deposited by sheet and channelized flow and by eolian processes. We document several previously undescribed biogenic structures in these strata. At one location, eolian dune sandstone hosts the lined, smooth-walled burrow Palaeophycus heberti (Saporta); these may be the nesting burrows of small sand wasps, or alternatively, the burrows of sand-treader camel crickets. Eolian dune facies that host abundant rhizoliths also are typically bioturbated. Circular markings that are convex in epirelief are assigned to Pustulichnus gregarious Ekdale and Picard. Unlined, non-ornamented burrows are unassigned. We speculate that both of these also were formed by the burrowing activity of one of the many species of sand wasp. Rhizoliths are particularly prominent at the tops of eolian dune sandstone beds and locally may host termite nests. Stabilization of ...
“I enjoy being a girl”: Women in the plays of Rodgers and Hammerstein

(1989). “I enjoy being a girl”: Women in the plays of Rodgers and Hammerstein. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-8.
Owner Procured Preliminary Shop Drawings

Located near downtown Milwaukee, the Marquette Interchange reconstruction project is the largest and most complex highway project ever undertaken by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The construction staging on this project is very complex and it is critical that the Department meet the project’s December 2008 completion date. The reconstruction involves a significant amount of structural steel for rebuilding plate I-girder, prestressed concrete of girder and concrete box girder bridges. Throughout the design process the Department had identified steel delivery as a potential risk item for the project and monitored delivery times as the design proceeded. To expedite the schedule, the Department has selectively procured preliminary shop drawings for critical structures and provided those to all prospective bidders prior to the bid opening.
Photon assisted growth of nitrogen-doped CdTe and the effects of hydrogen incorporation during growth

Nitrogen doping in CdTe epilayers grown by photo-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was demonstrated using an rf plasma source. The effect of the presence of atomic hydrogen during growth of undoped and nitrogen-doped CdTe was investigated. The layers were characterized using photoluminescence spectros-copy (PL), Hall effect, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. PL confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen as acceptors. While p-type carrier concentrations greater than 1018 cm−3 were easily obtained, SIMS measurements indicated that nitrogen was concentrated near the undoped-doped and epilayer-substrate interfaces which complicates interpretation of activation efficiency. Hydrogen incorporation was found to be enhanced by the presence of nitrogen. Infrared absorption measurements strongly suggested the formation of N-H complexes. Hall measurements indicated that complexes are formed which are donor-like in nature. The presence of atomic hydrogen during growth radically changed the low temperature photoluminescence in both undoped and nitrogen-doped layers. Exciton-related luminescence was quenched at low temperature. Nitrogenrelated donor-acceptor pair luminescence was also absent from the N-doped hydrogenated layers, consistent with complex formation. Copper (a cation-site acceptor) donor-acceptor pair luminescence appeared to be enhanced by hydrogenation.
Bond strength of an adhesive resin system with various dental substrates

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the Panavia 21 resin-based adhesive system as a bonding agent between a variety of dental substrates. Panavia 21 resin was bonded directly to enamel and dentin and placed between nickel-chromium-beryllium (Ni−Cr−Be) specimens and enamel, dentin, other Ni−Cr−Be samples, and type III gold. Panavia 21 resin was also used to bond amalgam to dentin. Shear bond strengths were determined at 24 hours and after thermocycling at 3 months. The results of this study at both the 24-hour and the 3-months test periods indicate that the enamel bond strengths of Panavia 21 resin (24 hours, 19.3±5.5 MPa; 3 months, 23.7±4.4 MPa) exceeded its dentin bond strengths (24 hours, 7.8±1.4 MPa; 3 months, 8.8±3.2 MPa). The bond strengths between Panavia 21 resin and Ni−Cr−Be alloy (24 hours, 16.3±3.4 MPa; 3 months, 17.6±2.7 MPa) and those for Panavia 21 resin between Ni−Cr−Be alloy and dentin (24 hours, 18.7±4.2 MPa; 3 months, 19.8±5.3 MPa) were comparable to adhesive enamel bond strengths. High bond strengths were also generated by Panavia 21 resin between Ni−Cr−Be alloy and type III gold (24 hours, 39.3±5.9 MPa; 3 months, 35.5±7.1 MPa). The greatest bond strengths observed during both test time periods for Panavia 21 resin were between Ni−Cr−Be alloy and enamel (24 hours, 54.2±10.7 MPa; 3 months, 56.4±7.1 MPa) and between two samples of Ni−Cr−Be alloy (24 hours, 55.1±5.6 MPa; 3 months, 49.1±8.6 MPa). Panavia 21 resin produced high bond strengths between a variety of dental substrates commonly used for the placement of fixed prosthodontic restorations.
Forum on income transfers and wage subsidies

The design of income transfer systems is one of the most critical issues of public finance, one that involves at many levels the interactions between theory and experience that are the focus of the Policy Watch section of International Tax and Public Finance. In the forum in this issue, Policy Watch presents two articles that explore a wide variety of issues raised by income transfers. In the first paper, Professor Louis Kaplow, the Finn M.W. Caspersen and Household International Professor of Law and Economics at Harvard University, examines income transfers from the perspective of optimal tax theory. He focuses on applying the lessons of the literature on the optimal non-linear income tax to the design of income transfers, including the structure of optimal marginal taxes and wage subsidies and the nature of categorical assistance. He stresses that transfer programs must not be considered in isolation, but as part of the overall tax and transfer system imposed by the government, and argues that optimal taxation analysis is well suited to such a task. Kaplow begins by stressing the relevance for optimal income transfer design of some of the central results of the optimal taxation literature. For example, most results suggest that marginal tax rates should be relatively high at the low end of the income distribution, primarily because these taxes are inframarginal for most of the population and because reduced labor supply by low-income earners has a relatively low social cost, since their productivity and wages are relatively low; for analogous reasons, marginal tax rates should not be high for relatively productive middleand highincome earners. These results suggest that many current transfer systems are not well designed, especially the earned income tax credit which has wage subsidies for the poor but high marginal tax rates at middle-income levels during the phase-out range of the program. Kaplow notes that work externality arguments—e.g., the benefits that the children of the poor receiving from having a working parent as a role model or the
Isotropic Lifshitz point in 2<d<4 dimensions

The scaling behavior of the spherical model and other Ornstein-Zernike systems in the region of an isotropic Lifshitz point in $2ldl4$ dimensions is investigated, and a different interpretation of the Lifshitz point than the one previously emphasized is given. Our scaling results are consistent with renormalization-group calculations where they overlap. The scaling relations are modified appropriately for a Lifshitz point occurring at zero temperature. A means of generalizing the results to non-Ornstein-Zernike systems is suggested.
Leeward bank margin Halimeda meadows and draperies and their sedimentary importance on the western Great Bahama Bank slope

Bryopsidalean algal meadows in water depths of 20–40 m on the leeward side of western Great Bahama Bank (WGBB) lie between non-skeletal-dominated sand flats on the bank top to the east and a cemented steep escarpment to the west. The meadows contain dense populations of rhipsalian Halimeda species, as well as Udotea and Rhipocephalus. Extensive populations of other Halimeda species (opuntioids) occur at greater depths on the cemented rocky escarpment, growing as drapes or vines rather than as upright thalli. These meadows and draperies are important sources of coarse-grained carbonate sediments. This is shown by (1) deeper bank-edge sediments (30–60 m) containing considerably more Halimeda fragments than do the bank top, non-skeletal sands, and (2) the coarser fraction of slope sediments (down to 200 m) dominated by Halimeda plates, partly or extensively altered and internally cemented by magnesian calcite and aragonite. A transect across the bank margin from bank top (<10 m) to lower slope (300 m) provides a useful comparison for the locus of sediment production and accumulation. The production of Halimeda in these bank-edge habitats approximates that in the Great Barrier Reef or off Indonesia and Nicaragua in similar water depths. The apparent lack of thick sediment accumulation in WGBB compared to that seen elsewhere may reflect the high rates of downslope transport off Great Bahama Bank.
Abnormalities of aldosterone synthesis and action in children

Genetic defects in aldosterone biosynthesis and action affect blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Aldosterone synthase deficiency, salt-wasting forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and adrenal hypoplasia congenita all cause aldosterone deficiency, signs of which include hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, elevated plasma renin activity, and sometimes shock and death. Conversely, the inappropriate regulation of aldosterone synthesis seen in glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism may cause hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and hypertension. Similar problems occur when the normal ligand specificity of the aldosterone receptor is lost, as in the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess due to 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. The effects of aldosterone are mediated largely through activation of the epithelial sodium channel, and inactivating or activating mutations of this channel leads to signs of mineralocorticoid deficiency or excess, termed pseudohypoaldosteronism and Liddle's syndrome, respectively.
Cleavage of alkylsilanes by strong acids

Abstract The stepwise cleavage of methyl groups from tetramethysilane and (chloromethyl)trimethylsilane has been studied in strong acid systems. The number of methyl groups cleaved can be controlled by varying the temperature and the acid strength. the progress of the reactions and the products formed can be directly observed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Relative rate studies under homogeneous conditions indicate that the key step in the mechanism is electrophilic attack of the acid at the methyl carbon.
The effect of estradiol and progesterone on knee and ankle joint laxity.

BackgroundFemale athletes suffer a higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries compared to their male counterparts, and they appear to be at increased risk for these injuries when they have increased anterior-posterior knee laxity and at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. Although the mechanism by which these factors combine to increase injury risk is unclear, studies suggest that cyclic variations in joint laxity produced by hormone fluctuation during the menstrual cycle pre-dispose an athlete to increased risk of ligamentous injury. Little is known about whether joint laxity varies cyclically during the menstrual cycle and if so, whether it is modulated by cyclic variations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4).HypothesisIncreased serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels are associated with increased ankle and knee joint laxity.Study DesignCohort study. Level of evidence, 2.MethodsAnkle laxity, anterior-posterior knee laxity, and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) and pro...
ED patients with heart failure: identification of an observational unit-appropriate cohort.

Abstract Objective To identify factors that define a low-risk cohort of patients with acute decompensated heart failure who are suitable for management in an observation unit. Methods Prospective convenience sample of 538 patients who presented to an ED with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Observation unit appropriate was defined as a length of stay less than 24 hours and no adverse events (myocardial infarction, death, arrhythmia, or rehospitalization) during the 30-day follow-up period. Results Study criteria were met by 499 patients (mean age, 61 ± 15 years), and 234 (47%) were women. Of these, 133 (27%) met the criteria for observation unit appropriateness. Independent predictors were systolic blood pressure of greater than 160 (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.7) and normal troponin I (odds ratio, 14.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-105). Conclusion Initial blood pressure and troponin I can help identify patients with congestive heart failure at low risk for prolonged hospitalization and adverse events and who are reasonable candidates for observation unit management.
Magical Practice in the Latin West: Papers from the International Conference Held at the University of Zaragoza, 30 Sept.–1 Oct. 2005. Edited by Richard L. Gordon and Franciscó Marco Simón. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World.) Leiden: Brill, 2009. 676 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-17904-2 (hbk.)

Review of Magical Practice in the Latin West: Papers from the International Conference held at the University of Zaragoza, 30Sept- 1Oct 2005 Brill This hefty and rewarding volume brings us the good news: the Latin-speaking West offers scholars a gold mine of material remains from diverse rituals aimed at pleading with, asking politely, legally binding and threatening all sorts of supernatural figures for all sorts of very human ends. Unfortunately the theoretical frameworks for analyzing these remains are marred by lingering remains of Victorian evolutionary models ranging from lingering notions of “primitive” pagan and Jewish rituals to compulsive magic as a precursor of proper Protestant religion (magic as a cheaper, more convenient, more vulgarized version of religion). Given the size of the volume, I will outline the range of materials discussed and the types of questions they raise. The volume opens auspiciously with James Rives’ meticulous review of the uses of the term “magus.” He traces its complex development from a narrow focus on a distinct type of religious practitioner to the “broad range of associations” found in an author such as Pliny. Poetic usage may turn out to be exotic (p. 74), a valuable demonstration of how phrases shift nuance as they move from genre to genre. The subsequent chapter, Matthew Dickie’s survey of Latin historians attitudes towards magic, is less convincing since it is not always clear what exact is being mapped. Tacitus has what appears to be a totally strategic definition of magic as basically disapproved religion. Lucian does not believe in magic but it is not clear what he does believe in and therefore what exactly he is rejecting. For Dio Cassius, Hadrian’s interest in magic was one aspect of a generally lurid personality. To what extant is Dickie talking about the same thing as the ancient authors, especially when what he is mapping is their lack of use of a set of terms? In “Heretical Texts and maleficium in the Codex Theodosianus,” Maria Victoria Escribano Pano demonstrates neatly the tight connection between charges of heresy and of magic. Heresy charges emerge as the church expands it authority over practitioners who did not think their form of Christianity problematic . So too the contours of charges of magic change as various types of rituals gain or lose clear standing as part of an authoritative religious structure. Pano’s fascinating question about the status of the codex as an especially powerful object
Fidelity monitoring across the seven studies in the Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART)

This paper describes fidelity monitoring (treatment differentiation, training, delivery, receipt and enactment) across the seven National Institutes of Health-supported Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART) studies. The objectives of the study were to describe approaches to monitoring fidelity including treatment differentiation (lack of crossover), provider training, provider delivery of treatment, patient receipt of treatment, and patient enactment (behavior) and provide examples of application of these principles. Conducted between 2010 and 2014 and collectively enrolling over 9500 inpatient cigarette smokers, the CHART studies tested different smoking cessation interventions (counseling, medications, and follow-up calls) shown to be efficacious in Cochrane Collaborative Reviews. The CHART studies compared their unique treatment arm(s) to usual care, used common core measures at baseline and 6-month follow-up, but varied in their approaches to monitoring the fidelity with which the interventions were implemented. Treatment differentiation strategies included the use of a quasi-experimental design and monitoring of both the intervention and control group. Almost all of the studies had extensive training for personnel and used a checklist to monitor the intervention components, but the items on these checklists varied widely and were based on unique aspects of the interventions, US Public Health Service and Joint Commission smoking cessation standards, or counselor rapport. Delivery of medications ranged from 31 to 100 % across the studies, with higher levels from studies that gave away free medications and lower levels from studies that sought to obtain prescriptions for the patient in real world systems. Treatment delivery was highest among those studies that used automated (interactive voice response and website) systems, but this did not automatically translate into treatment receipt and enactment. Some studies measured treatment enactment in two ways (e.g., counselor or automated system report versus patient report) showing concurrence or discordance between the two measures. While fidelity monitoring can be challenging especially in dissemination trials, the seven CHART studies used a variety of methods to enhance fidelity with consideration for feasibility and sustainability.
Wavelet Reconstruction of Geologic Facies From Nonlinear Dynamic Flow Measurements

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) that is widely used in compressing natural images is considered for an effective representation of the geological facies in subsurface flow and transport inverse modeling problems. The inference of the heterogeneous hydraulic rock properties from the scattered dynamic measurements of the flow rates and pressures is a frequently encountered ill-posed inverse problem in subsurface characterization. To better pose this inverse problem, the original grid-based description of the spatial facies maps is replaced with a small number of DWT coefficients that are estimated from indirect nonlinear dynamic measurements. The compressed description of the facies in the wavelet domain after removing the unresolvable high-frequency components leads to an inverse problem with fewer parameters to resolve and improved geologic facies continuity. The main difficulty in the application of the DWT to inverse problems is the lack of sufficient data to resolve higher frequency detail coefficients. Prior information and sensitivity of the flow response to variation in the DWT coefficients are used to infer the location and value of the significant DWT coefficients. The results suggest that the large-scale geologic facies description that control the global flow pattern can be successfully inferred from the dynamic measurements in a reduced wavelet domain. While the flow data may contain information about significant DWT coefficients, a limited observability in ill-posed inverse problems may not allow the identification of these coefficients and the corresponding local spatial features. Therefore, an effective exploitation of the space-frequency localization advantage of the wavelets over the Fourier bases may not be available in solving ill-posed inverse problems.
Prehension synergies: trial-to-trial variability and hierarchical organization of stable performance

We studied multi-digit synergies as relations among digit forces and points of their application across multiple repetitions of a static prehensile task. The task required holding a grasped object (14.9 N) against different external torques. Subjects (n=6) performed 25 trials for each torque condition: –1.0, –0.5, 0, +0.5 and +1.0 Nm. In spite of the variability of individual forces and points of their application, stable performance was achieved. Individual performance variables were organized into two subsets. Variables within each subset highly correlated with each other (the coefficients of correlation were close to ±1.0) while there was no correlation among variables from different subsets. The two subsets were associated with two components of the prehension task: grasp control (preventing an object from slipping out of the hand) and torque control (maintaining a desired object orientation).
Lipoprotein (a) reduces platelet aggregation via apo(a)-mediated decreases in thromboxane A(2)production.

Agonist (collagen- or ADP-)-stimulated platelet aggregation and thromboxane B reduced in human whole blood (WB) and washed platelets (W P) that were co-incubated with lipoprotein (a) \[Lp(a)] at levels of 25, 50 and 100 mg% but not at 5 mg% relative to a baseline concentration of 1 mg% . Significant decreases in agonist-stimulated aggregation and T X B purified apo (a) that was co-incubated with W B and WP relative to a baseline concentration of 1 mg%. Purified Lp(a) that was free of apo(a) \[Lp(a)-], at concentrations of 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg%, that were co-incubated with WB and W P, had no impact on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and T X B level of 1 mg% . A monoclonal antibody (Mab) (3B1) against apo(a) blocked Lp(a)-mediated reduction in platelet aggregation and T X B concentrations in WB and W P that were stimulated by either agonist. Various Mabs 2 against apoB failed to affect an Lp(a)-induced reduction in WB and WP aggregation or T X B to either agonist. These results strongly suggest that Lp...
Frederick Douglass's Master-Slave Dialectic

This article explores the issues of violence, recognition, and freedom in the work of Frederick Douglass. It analyzes the contradiction between Douglass's defense of pacifism in his speeches and articles (before 1847) and his celebration of the redemptive effects of violence in his autobiographies, most notably in his account of his fight with the slave breaker Edward Covey. One thing that distinguishes this article from other interpretations of Douglass is that it draws upon another famous account of the struggle between master and slave—Hegel's dialectic of lordship and bondage—in order to offer a novel resolution to this interpretive puzzle. By reading these two nineteenth-century accounts together we see how the texts illuminate, complicate, and challenge one another.
Donor immune reconstitution after liver–small bowel transplantation for multiple intestinal atresia with immunodeficiency

The syndrome of multiple intestinal atresia with immunodeficiency is a rare, invariably fatal congenital disorder. At 16 months of age, a child with this syndrome underwent liver-small bowel transplantation from a 1-of-6 HLA-matched donor. He acquired full enteral tolerance and normal liver function and has never shown evidence of allograft rejection. After mild graft-versus-host disease developed, studies revealed that more than 99% of his CD3(+) lymphocytes and 50% of his CD19(+) lymphocytes were of donor origin, whereas granulocytes and monocytes remained of recipient origin. He synthesizes polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM and has developed antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and parainfluenza 3. His T lymphocytes are predominately CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) with T-cell receptor gammadelta heterodimers and CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(+) with CD8alphaalpha homodimers, populations consistent with an intraepithelial lymphocyte phenotypic profile. We postulate that he has engrafted a donor intestine-derived immune system and is incapable of rejecting his engrafted organs.
Ursodeoxycholic acid and its emerging role in attenuation of tumor growth in gastrointestinal malignancies.

Dear Editor, I read with great interest the recent article by Tschirner et al. [1]. Interestingly, recent data suggest that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may attenuate tumor growth in a number of gastrointestinal malignancies. For instance, tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid when administered along with celecoxib attenuates proliferation and tumor growth in colonic adenomas [2]. Interestingly, UDCA decreases the odds of advanced lesions in males only [3]. Similarly, UDCA downregulates c-Myc expression [4]. As a result, it attenuates tumor growth in colon carcinomas. CDK6 expression is also decreased secondary to UDCA administration. UDCA downregulates Cox-2 also, thus further inhibiting tumor growth. It also attenuates CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) at the same time [5]. It also effects p38 and Ras expression and thereby further modulates Cox-2 function. Recently, UDCA conjugates with glutamic acid have been developed that result in enhanced intraluminal delivery of UDCA inside the colon [6]. Similarly, UDCA inhibits gastric carcinogenesis. It does this by modulating the MEK/ERK pathway. It accentuates MEK1/2 phosphorylation as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation [7]. DR 5 receptors are necessary for UDCA-mediated apoptosis. Modulation of the raft formation/ROS production/PKCδ activation pathway can effect UDCA-mediated apoptosis as it in turn effects and controls DR5 expression [8]. Apoptosis secondary to UDCA is attenuated by U0126 as well as by PD98059. Similarly, DLC1 degradation by proteosomes is attenuated by UDCA [9]. Subsequently, there is decreased proliferation and growth in hepatocellular carcinomas. UDCA administration is simultaneously accompanied by a decrease in RhoA activity. Similarly, UDCA upregulates Bax expression and downregulates Bcl-2 expression. Interestingly, the p53-caspase 8 pathway is activated by UDCA which mediates the conversion from oxaliplatin-induced necrosis to apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinomas [10]. At the same time, UDCA inhibits ROS production. Hence, combination therapy in hepatocellular carcinomas may benefit from the addition of UDCA. Similarly, UDCA has a negative impact on the incidence rate of cholangiocarcinomas in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis [11]. It is clearly evident from the above examples that UDCA can play a major role in attenuating carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. There is a clear and urgent need for further studies in this regard.
Body-diode related losses in Shield-Plate FETs for SiP 12V-input DC/DC buck converters operating at high-frequency (4MHz)

The power losses in System-in-Package (SiP) 12V-input DC/DC buck converters with advanced 30V Shield-Plate FETs (SP-FETs) are assessed by experiment and simulation with special interest in the body-diode contribution. Unlike previous work, rise/fall times and on/off deadtimes are in the nanosecond range to provide high efficiency at high frequency operation (1–4MHz).
A simple way to calculate the gini coefficient, and some implications

Abstract The paper proposes a new, and a much simpler, way to calculate the Gini coefficient. The existence of a relationship between linear (concave or convex) Pen's income parade, and specific values of the Gini coefficient is derived.
Neocortical damage during HIV infection

Clinical and pathologicals evidence of subcortical central nervous system (CNS) damage is observed commonly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalitis. Whether other CNS regions are also affected has not been well studied. We report neocortical damage in patients with HIV encephalitis. Using quantitative techniques, we demonstrate statistically significant thinning of the neocortex, with a loss of large cortical neurons. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of neocortical neuropil reveal a loss of synaptic density and vacuolation of dendritic processes. Failure to demonstrate an association of these changes with the presence of HIV antigens suggests that neocortical damage may be an indirect effect of HIV infection of the CNS.
Natural and acquired resistance in rodent hosts to myiasis by Cuterebra fontinella (Díptera: Cuterebridae).

Old World rodents Gerbillus gerbillus and Mus musculus and New World mice Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus were susceptible hosts to larvae of the rodent bot fly Cuterebra fontinella . There were no differences because of sex in the susceptibility of previously uninfested (Pu) P. leucopus , the natural host of C. fontinella. P. leucopus acquired a partial resistance 5 weeks after infestation, whereby the rate dropped from >80% among Pu mice to ca 50% in previously infested (Pi) mice. Mice were sensitized by larvae that entered naturally via the nares or anus, but not when introduced through the eye or by subcutaneous injection in the back. The level of resistance acquired was not related to the number of larvae in an exposure or number of exposures, but more than 1 larva was required to provoke a response in Pi mice. Mice in which the infestation was aborted after 2 days (larvae had not completed migration) were less resistant to reinfestation than mice that underwent a mature infestation.
Visceral leishmaniasis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a traveler returning from a pilgrimage to the Camino de Santiago.

We report the case of a 73-year-old American traveler who presented with 3 weeks of fatigue, fevers, chills, and pancytopenia. Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with hemophagocytic lymphohystiocytosis (HLH) and bone marrow biopsy revealed amastigotes consistent with visceral leishmaniasis. The range of endemic visceral leishmaniasis transmission now extends into northern Spain and travelers to this region should use personal protective measures against sand fly exposure.
Enabling personal clusters on demand for batch resources using commodity software

Providing QoS (quality of service) in batch resources against the uncertainty of resource availability due to the space-sharing nature of scheduling policies is a critical capability required for high-performance computing. This paper introduces a technique called personal cluster which reserves a partition of batch resources on user's demand in a best-effort manner. A personal cluster provides a private cluster dedicated to the user during a user-specified time period by installing a user-level resource manager on the resource partition. This technique not only enables cost-effective resource utilization and efficient task management but also provides the user a uniform interface to heterogeneous resources regardless of local resource management software. A prototype implementation using a PBS batch resource manager and Globus Toolkits based on Web services shows that the overhead of instantiating a personal cluster of medium size is small, which is just about 1 minute for a personal cluster having 32 processors.
The polyvagal perspective

The Polyvagal Theory introduced a new perspective relating autonomic function to behavior that included an appreciation of autonomic nervous system as a “system,” the identification of neural circuits involved in the regulation of autonomic state, and an interpretation of autonomic reactivity as adaptive within the context of the phylogeny of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. The paper has two objectives: First, to provide an explicit statement of the theory; and second, to introduce the features of a polyvagal perspective. The polyvagal perspective emphasizes how an understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms and phylogenetic shifts in neural regulation, leads to different questions, paradigms, explanations, and conclusions regarding autonomic function in biobehavioral processes than peripheral models. Foremost, the polyvagal perspective emphasizes the importance of phylogenetic changes in the neural structures regulating the autonomic nervous system and how these phylogenetic shifts provide insights into the adaptive function and the neural regulation of the two vagal systems
Update in the medical therapy of Cushing's disease

Purpose of review Recently developed agents treat Cushing’s disease by inhibiting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from corticotrope tumors or antagonizing cortisol action.
Old Pictures in New Frames: Issue Definition and Federal Arts Policy

Over the past three decades, those advocating for arts funding have shifted their arguments. When the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA) was created in 1965, its supporters praised arts and culture for their uplifting qualities, and for their ability to counterbalance trends toward materialism and militarism. By the 1990s, arts advocates were far more likely to use instrumentalist arguments, showing that investment in arts and culture produce other desirable benefits, most notably economic development advances. This article reviews the changing discourse of arts advocacy in several ways: (1) by reviewing and coding Congressional debates on arts funding from 1965–2000, (2) reviewing arts coverage in the New York Times and selected arts periodicals during this same time period. Comparing this case to others in the literature on policy redefinition, the paper argues that cultural advocates have consciously reframed their arguments to broaden their appeal in the face new and more threatening opposition.
Dorsal Onlay Urethroplasty for Membranous Urethral Strictures: Urinary and Erectile Functional Outcomes

Purpose: We evaluated urinary and erectile functional outcomes after dorsal onlay urethroplasty for bulbomembranous urethral strictures. Our aim was to understand the functional implications of dissection of the posterior urethra.Materials and Methods: We report on men who underwent membranous urethral stricture repair by buccal mucosal graft dorsal onlay substitution urethroplasty. Continence and erectile function were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Tissue routinely excised from the intercrural space during dissection of the dorsal aspect of the membranous urethra was evaluated for scar, striated muscle and nerves.Results: A total of 16 consecutive men with a mean age of 48.3 years (range 26 to 72) who had strictures with a mean length of 56 mm (range 15 to 170) involving the membranous urethra were included in analysis. Of the 16 men 15 were continent preoperatively and remained continent postoperatively. Three of 10 men (30%) with a preoperative SHIM (Sexual Health Inventory for Men) scor...
Smart molecules for imaging, sensing and health (SMITH).

This autobiographical review provides a personal account of the author’s academic journey in supramolecular chemistry, including brief summaries of research efforts in membrane transport, molecular imaging, ion-pair receptors, rotaxane synthesis, squaraine rotaxanes, and synthtavidin technology. The article concludes with a short perspective of likely future directions in biomedical supramolecular chemistry.
Fundamental Aspects of the Depreciation Problem: A Symposium: Relationship to Competitive Industry

Writers on depreciation seem to agree on nothing except that other writers on the subject are somewhat confused. Many apparent differences of opinion on this controversial subject might be reconcil...
GreenDesigners: Gamified Ubiquitous Learning for Sustainable Engineering Design

This poster presents the design of our study that develops and implements a digitally augmented ubiquitous STEM learning experience called GreenDesigners. We study how this learning experience equips science learners with sustainable engineering concepts and design practices. Our paper focuses on five elements in our learning and research design that enable high school students to initiate rich interactions as they engage with a gamified-trail of augmented information layered onto the real world setting of a solar demonstration home. Our presentation will elaborate upon these elements to bring out a critical analysis of the decisions taken in the design and pilot testing process.
Controlling S2 Population in Cyanine Dyes Using Shaped Femtosecond Pulses

Fast population transfer from higher to lower excited states occurs via internal conversion (IC) and is the basis of Kasha’s rule, which states that spontaneous emission takes place from the lowest excited state of the same multiplicity. Photonic control over IC is of interest because it would allow direct influence over intramolecular nonradiative decay processes occurring in condensed phase. Here we tracked the S2 and S1 fluorescence yield for different cyanine dyes in solution as a function of linear chirp. For the cyanine dyes with polar solvation response IR144 and meso-piperidine substituted IR806, increased S2 emission was observed when using transform limited pulses, whereas chirped pulses led to increased S1 emission. The nonpolar solvated cyanine IR806, on the other hand, did not show S2 emission. A theoretical model, based on a nonperturbative solution of the equation of motion for the density matrix, is offered to explain and simulate the anomalous chirp dependence. Our findings, which depend ...
Improved perfusion and intraretinal neovascularization after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in central vein occlusion.

PURPOSE: To report a case of intraretinal neovascularization in a patient with ischemic central venous occlusion. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: An 18-year-old white man presented with painless decreased vision in the right eye. Slit-lamp and biomicroscopic examinations revealed 360° of neovascularization of the iris, venous tortuosity, severe retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and massive edema of the macula. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of observed intraretinal neovascularization after central vein occlusion. Treatment with photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab injection promoted revascularization after 1 year.
Redressing Politicized Spending

This article is about politicized spending in the federal discretionary budget. It reviews potential causes of action for remedying politicized spending decisions in Article III courts.
The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Reducing the Neuropathy Pain Symptoms in Hispanics with Type-2 Diabetes

ObjectiveTo determine the effects the including omega 3 fatty acids supplement on neuropathy pain symptoms among Hispanics with type-2 diabetes. MethodsHispanic patients with type −2 diabetes (male...
Diagnosis and Management of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Mayo Stratification of Macroglobulinemia and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Guidelines 2016.

Importance Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), an IgM-associated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, has witnessed several practice-altering advances in recent years. With availability of a wider array of therapies, the management strategies have become increasingly complex. Our multidisciplinary team appraised studies published or presented up to December 2015 to provide consensus recommendations for a risk-adapted approach to WM, using a grading system. Observations Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia remains a rare, incurable cancer, with a heterogeneous disease course. The major classes of effective agents in WM include monoclonal antibodies, alkylating agents, purine analogs, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. However, the highest-quality evidence from rigorously conducted randomized clinical trials remains scant. Conclusions and Relevance Recognizing the paucity of data, we advocate participation in clinical trials, if available, at every stage of WM. Specific indications exist for initiation of therapy. Outside clinical trials, based on the synthesis of available evidence, we recommend bendamustine-rituximab as primary therapy for bulky disease, profound hematologic compromise, or constitutional symptoms attributable to WM. Dexamethasone-rituximab-cyclophosphamide is an alternative, particularly for nonbulky WM. Routine rituximab maintenance should be avoided. Plasma exchange should be promptly initiated before cytoreduction for hyperviscosity-related symptoms. Stem cell harvest for future use may be considered in first remission for patients 70 years or younger who are potential candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation. At relapse, retreatment with the original therapy is reasonable in patients with prior durable responses (time to next therapy ≥3 years) and good tolerability to previous regimen. Ibrutinib is efficacious in patients with relapsed or refractory disease harboring MYD88 L265P mutation. In the absence of neuropathy, a bortezomib-rituximab–based option is reasonable for relapsed or refractory disease. In select patients with chemosensitive disease, autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered at first or second relapse. Everolimus and purine analogs are suitable options for refractory or multiply relapsed WM. Our recommendations are periodically updated as new, clinically relevant information emerges.
The effect of eccentric exercise with blood flow restriction on neuromuscular activation, microvascular oxygenation, and the repeated bout effect.

To examine the effect of low-intensity eccentric contractions with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on microvascular oxygenation, neuromuscular activation, and the repeated bout effect (RBE). Participants were randomly assigned to either low-intensity (LI), low-intensity with BFR (LI-BFR), or a control (CON) group. Participants in LI and LI-BFR performed a preconditioning bout of low-intensity eccentric exercise prior to about of maximal eccentric exercise. Participants reported 24, 48, 72, and 96 h later to assess muscle damage and function. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to measure neuromuscular activation and microvascular deoxygenation (deoxy-[Hb + Mb]) and [total hemoglobin] ([THC]) during the preconditioning bout, respectively. During set-2, LI-BFR resulted in greater activation of the VM-RMS (47.7 ± 11.5% MVIC) compared to LI (67.0 ± 20.0% MVIC), as well as during set-3 (p < 0.05). LI-BFR resulted in a greater change in deoxy-[Hb + Mb] compared to LI during set-2 (LI-BFR 13.1 ± 5.2 µM, LI 6.7 ± 7.9 µM), set-3 (LI-BFR 14.6 ± 6 µM, LI 6.9 ± 7.4 µM), and set-4 (p < 0.05). [THC] was higher during LI-BFR compared to LI (p < 0.05). All groups showed a decrease in MVIC torque immediately after maximal exercise (LI 74.2 ± 14.1%, LI-BFR 75 ± 5.1%, CON 53 ± 18.6%). At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post maximal eccentric exercise, LI and LI-BFR force deficit was not different from baseline. This study suggests that the neuromuscular and deoxygenation (i.e., metabolic stress) responses were considerably different between LI and LI-BFR groups; however, these differences did not lead to improvements in the RBE inferred by performing LI and LI-BFR.
Caloric Restriction-Induced Decreases in Dopamine Receptor Availability are Associated with Leptin Concentration.

Objective It has been previously reported that early after Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass, dopamine (DA) type 2 and 3 receptor (D2/3R) binding potential (BPND) was decreased from preoperative levels. The current study aimed to determine whether calorie restriction without weight loss modifies D2/3R BPND and whether such changes are explained by neuroendocrine regulation. Methods Fifteen females with obesity (BMI = 39 ± 6 kg/m2) were studied before and after ∼10 days of a very-low-calorie-diet (VLCD). Outcome measures included fasting insulin, leptin, acyl ghrelin, and glucose, and insulin sensitivity and disposition index were estimated using the oral-minimal model (OMM) method. Participants underwent positron emission tomography scanning with the displaceable radioligand [18F]fallypride to estimate available regional D2/3R levels. Regions of interest included the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra (SN). Results With the VLCD, weight decreased slightly (−3 kg). Insulin, glucose, and leptin decreased significantly, but there was no change in acyl ghrelin or measures from OMM. SN D2/3R BPND decreased significantly, with trends toward decreased levels in the remaining regions. The decrease in leptin concentration strongly predicted the change in D2/3R BPND in all regions (all P ≤ 0.004). Conclusions In obesity, reductions in regional D2/3R availability after VLCD are suggestive of increased endogenous DA competing with the radioligand. Changes in regional D2/3R availability were associated with decreases in leptin concentrations that occurred before clinically significant weight loss.
Pick your perspective: Racial group membership and judgments of intent, harm, and discrimination

How do people judge the intentions of a perpetrator and the harm experienced by a victim in cases of racial discrimination? How do these judgments influence attributions to discrimination? We exami...
Optically adjustable valley Hall current in single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides

The illumination of a single-layer transition metal dichalcogenide with an elliptically polarized light beam is shown to give rise to a differential rate of inter-band carrier excitation between the valence and conduction states around the valley edges, K and K′. This rate with a linear dependence on the beam ellipticity and inverse of the optical gap manifests as an asymmetric Fermi distribution between the valleys or a non-equilibrium population which under an external field and a Berry curvature induced anomalous velocity, results in an externally tunable finite valley Hall current. Surface imperfections that influence the excitation rates are included through the self-consistent Born approximation. Further, we describe applications centered around circular dichroism, quantum computing, and spin torque via optically excited spin currents within the framework of the suggested formalism. A closing summary points to the possibility of extending the calculations to composite charged particles like trions. ...
Ab-Initio Calculation of Spectral Absorption Coefficients in Molten Fluoride Salts with Metal Impurities

Molten salts have been proposed as coolants for numerous advanced reactor designs. It is envisioned that these reactors, both fluoride-salt–cooled high-temperature reactors and molten-salt–fueled r...
Introduction to Forcing

In proving that AC and GCH are consistent with ZF, Godel used the so called method of internal models. From the assumption that the universe V is a model of ZF Godel prescribed a method for producing a submodel L that is also a model of V = L, AC and GCH. This submodel is defined as the class of all sets having a certain property, i.e., $$ L = \left\{ {x\left| {\left( {\exists \alpha } \right)\left[ {x = F'\alpha } \right]} \right|} \right\} $$ .