cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antimetabolite-mediated enhancement of Iodine-125-labeled 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine tumor uptake in mice

1587 Objectives: The use of antimetabolite drugs in combination with radiotherapy has become a common strategy for the treatment of cancers. This study assesses the effect of methotrexate (MTX) in the enhancement of uptake of the radioiodinated thymidine analog 5-[125I]iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) in lung tumors in mice. Methods: B16F10 melanoma cells were injected intravenously in the tail in eight-week-old male black mice (C57BL/6), and two weeks later (after tumor cells had grown in the lung), MTX (15 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously three hours prior to administration of 125IUdR. Nontumor-bearing animals were treated similarly and served as controls. Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed. The radioactivity in various organs, tissues, and fluids was measured in a gamma counter; the percentage injected dose per gram tissue (%/ID/g) and tumor-nontumor uptake ratios were calculated. Results: In the absence of MTX, the %/ID/g of 125IUdR in lungs of tumor-bearing animals (0.45% ID/g) was 11 times higher than in lungs of controls (0.04% ID/g). In the presence of MTX, the uptake in lungs of tumor-bearing mice (1.34% ID/g) was 19-fold greater than that in lungs of controls (0.07% ID/g). For all organs, tissues, and fluids examined, the tumor-to-normal tissue ratios had a range between 1.6 (bone) and 67 (fat). (Fig.1). Conclusions: The combination of the antimetabolite MTX with 125IUdR leads to substantial increases in radioIUdR uptake in lung tumor metastases. This enhancement of target-to-nontarget ratios should enable the facile imaging of tumors within the lung. Research Support (if any): NIH RO1 CA015523 (A. I. Kassis) and NIH 5T32 EB001632 (A. J. Fischman)
danceON: Culturally Responsive Creative Computing

Dance provides unique opportunities for embodied interdisciplinary learning experiences that can be personally and culturally relevant. danceON is a system that supports learners to leverage their body movement as they engage in artistic practices across data science, computing, and dance. The technology includes a Domain Specific Language (DSL) with declarative syntax and reactive behavior, a media player with pose detection and classification, and a web-based IDE. danceON provides a low-floor allowing users to bind virtual shapes to body positions in under three lines of code, while also enabling complex, dynamic animations that users can design working with conditionals and past position data. We developed danceON to support distance learning and deployed it in two consecutive cohorts of a remote, two-week summer camp for young women of color. We present our findings from an analysis of the experience and the resulting computational performances. The work identifies implications for how design can support learners’ expression across culturally relevant themes and examines challenges from the lens of usability of the computing language and technology.
Etiological survey and traceability analysis of five cases of typhoid fever during the same period in Yantai city

Objective: To analyze the etiological characteristics and molecular epidemiological correlation of five cases of typhoid fever during the same period in yantai city. Methods: Six S. Typhis strains were isolated from 5 typhoid patients and epidemiological samples in Yantai city in 2018. The onset time of the cases were from May 26, 2018 to July 24, 2018, distributed in Shuidao Town of Muping District, Dengzhou Street of Penglai District, Donglai Street of Longkou District, Wenhua Street of Muping District and Fulaishan Street of zhifu District. S. Typhis strains were analyzed by conventional bacterial isolation method and XbaⅠ/BlnⅠ double-enzyme digestion pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Meanwhile, ViaB virulence gene detection and 27 common antibiotics sensitivity tests were conducted to study the etiology of S. Typhis. Results: Six strains of S. Typhi were isolated from 5 patients and the domestic egg of one patient, which were divided into 4 PFGE patterns by PFGE-XbaⅠ and PFGE-BlnⅠ and among which 3 strains had the same PFGE patterns.One multi-drug resistant strain (foreign patient), one single-drug resistant strain (patient with a history of provincial retention), and one completely sensitive strain were detected. The three strains of the same PFGE pattern exhibit the same drug-sensitive phenotype which were intermediate against aminoglycosides and quinolones and susceptibility against the other antibiotics.All of the strains carried the ViaB virulence factor except the strain from the foreign patient. Conclusion: Local S. Typhi is susceptibility or intermediate against antibiotics commonly used in clinic.Sporadic cases of typhoid fever and typhoid imported infections still need attention.
The Role of Pesticides in Stabilizing Agricultural Production

Consumers prefer a year-around supply of high quality agricultural products, but, frequently there are short term fluctuations in harvests due to pests and adverse weather. Chemical pest controls are one means of affecting the variability of crop losses. Is there a large gain to consumers and producers from the use of pesticides to stabilize production?
Parallel transport in the determinant line bundle: The zero index case

For a product family of invertible Weyl operators on a compact manifoldX, we express parallel transport in the determinant line bundle in terms of the spectral asymmetry of a Dirac operator onR×X.
Universal Education and Nation-Building in Africa.

This paper is concerned with an analysis of facts socially relevant to the formative significance of compulsory education for nation-building-i.e., its relationship to political advancement and economic planning. Specifically, the focus is on primary education and political economy. Decisions about educational planning are of economic as well as political concern and consequences. The basic proposition of the paper is that structural education-i.e., the educational system of a polity-has direct social relevance for political development in new African nations. It has been usually thought that schools are apart from politics, an agency to equip young people with the basic skills of literacy. Prima facie evidence shows that the critical role of education is societal adaptation to increase the role specialization and structural differentiation in the achievement of political capacity. It has generally been accepted as a truism that a primary need of African states during their postindependence period, was for immediate and widespread programs of elementary education. Our hypothesis is that,
Defects in the Generation of IFN-γ Are Overcome to Control Infection with Leishmania donovani in CC Chemokine Receptor (CCR) 5-, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α-, or CCR2-Deficient Mice

We investigated the immune responses in mice lacking CCR2, CCR5, or macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), a ligand for CCR5, in two situations: following T cell stimulation or after challenge with Leishmania donovani , an intracellular microbe whose control is dependent on a Th1 immune response. Mice deficient in CCR5, MIP-1α, or CCR2 had reduced IFN-γ responses following ligation of the TCR. Reduced IFN-γ responses following PMA and ionomycin were also observed in CD8 + T cells of CCR5 −/− and CCR2 −/− mice. During the early phases of infection, all three knockout mice had low Ag-specific IFN-γ responses. However, this reduced IFN-γ response was overcome during a state of persistent Ag stimulation (chronic infection), and was not associated with an adverse parasitologic outcome in any of the gene-targeted mouse strains. To the contrary, during the late phase of infection, an exaggerated Ag-specific IFN-γ response was evident in CCR5 −/− and MIP-1α −/− mice, and this correlated with an enhanced control of parasite replication. Although granuloma formation was abnormal in each of the knockout mice, there was no correlation between the number or architecture of the granulomas and parasite burden. Collectively, these findings indicate an important role for CCR5, MIP-1α, and CCR2 in granulomatous inflammation, and that CCR5 and MIP-1α, possibly acting through CCR5, might play a deleterious role in the outcome of chronic L. donovani infection. Our data also suggest that there might be cross-talk between TCR and chemokine receptor signaling pathways.
The tcl-3 proto-oncogene altered by chromosomal translocation in T-cell leukemia codes for a homeobox protein.

Abstract The t(10;14)(q24;q11) chromosomal translocation found in malignant cells of 5-10% of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves the T-cell receptor delta chain gene on chromosome 14 and a breakpoint cluster region on chromosome 10. The candidate proto-oncogene tcl-3, thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of t(10;14) T-ALL, was cloned and found to be elevated in expression in leukemic cells harboring the t(10;14) translocation. Sequence analysis revealed that tcl-3 is a new homeobox-containing gene. Comparison of the tcl-3 cDNA and its 5' genomic sequences with DNA sequences from the t(10;14) translocation breakpoints showed that this gene is structurally altered in four patients with t(10;14)(q24;q11) T-ALL. These findings suggest that homeobox-containing genes that normally act as transcription factors may contribute to T-cell leukemogenesis when abnormally expressed.
Non-unitary probabilistic quantum computing

We present a method for designing quantum circuits that perform non-unitary quantum computations on n-qubit states probabilistically, and give analytic expressions for the success probability and fidelity. Our scheme works by embedding the desired non-unitary operator within an anti-block-diagonal (n+1)-qubit Hamiltonian, H, which induces a unitary operator Ω = exp(ieH), with e a constant. By using Ω acting on the original state augmented with an ancilla prepared in the |1> state, we can obtain the desired non-unitary transformation whenever the ancilla is found to be |0>. Our scheme has the advantage that a "failure" result, i.e., finding the ancilla to be |1> rather than |0>, perturbs the remaining n-qubit state very little. As a result we can repeatedly re-evolve and measure the sequence of "failed" states until we find the ancilla in the |0> state, i.e., detect the "success" condition. We describe an application of our scheme to probabilistic state synthesis.
The TDT reveals linkage and linkage disequilibrium in a rare disease

We used the TDT as the basis for our analysis of data from Problem 1 of GAW9. Among the 360 marker loci on six chromosomes, we searched for any that might show both linkage and allelic association with the disease. We applied the TDT to each allele at every marker locus and found strong evidence for linkage in two regions: one on chromosome 1, another on chromosome 5. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance

The physics of mesoscopic electronic systems has been explored for more than 15 years. Mesoscopic phenomena in transport processes occur when the wavelength or the coherence length of the carriers becomes comparable to, or larger than, the sample dimensions. One striking result in this domain is the quantization of electrical conduction, observed in a quasi-one-dimensional constriction formed between reservoirs of two-dimensional electron gas. The conductance of this system is determined by the number of participating quantum states or 'channels' within the constriction; in the ideal case, each spin-degenerate channel contributes a quantized unit of 2e^2/h to the electrical conductance. It has been speculated that similar behaviour should be observable for thermal transport in mesoscopic phonon systems. But experiments attempted in this regime have so far yielded inconclusive results. Here we report the observation of a quantized limiting value for the thermal conductance, G_(th), in suspended insulating nanostructures at very low temperatures. The behaviour we observe is consistent with predictions for phonon transport in a ballistic, one-dimensional channel: at low temperatures, G_(th) approaches a maximum value of g_0 = π^2k^2BT/3h, the universal quantum of thermal conductance.
A Counterexample for the Trotter Product Formula.

Abstract : This report describes linear m-accretive operators A sub 1 and A sub 2 whose sum is m-accretive but for which the associated product formulas do not converge.
Irradiation therapy in Hodgkin's disease of the thorax.

The clinical staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease in general, as well as in those with thoracic Hodgkin's disease, seems to be the best factor to evaluate in outlining therapy and seems to be the factor best correlated with prognosis. [See Figures 1D and 1E in Source PDF.] Intensive roentgen therapy, with an attempt to deliver a dosage of at least 2,000 roentgens in two weeks, is indicated in patients of stages I and II. In those with stage III disease, palliative roentgen therapy and clinical agents, such as nitrogen mustards and TEM, may give much symptomatic relief.
Management of osteoporosis (an update on diagnosis and management, with an emphasis on non-hormonal treatments)

Abstract A review of the management of osteoporosis is presented, with an emphasis on non-hormonal treatments available.
Temporally Adaptive Hybrid Optical/Digital Interframe Compression Scheme

The feasibility of optical processing for interframe image compression has been demon-strated by hybrid optical/digital IDPCM/Frame-to-Frame DPCM interframe compression architecture and its simulation [1]. However, the subjective image quality of the reconstructed 14th frame for 1.5 bits/pixel or 1.75 bits/pixel are not excellent enough to meet a broadcasting standard. Also, the transmission rate performances per second with the frame rate: 30 frames/sec and 256 x 256 lines of the images are 2.9 14bits/sec or 3.4 Abits/sec, resoectively, which are not quite competitive against the 1.5 lbits/sec monochrome videoteleohone system performance [2]. In this oa7Der, in order to improve the hybrid system performance, another hybrid optical/digital adaptive IDPCWconditional re plenishment interframe compression architecture is proposed and simulated. As a result of simulating 14 sequences of Walter Cronkite images with 256 x 25, lines and 6 bit intensity, reconstructed images with an excellent image quality are obtained with 1.2 libits/sec for the frame rate 30 frames/sec, and the average compres-sion ratio performance is 18.13, and the average bit rate is 0.67 bits/pixel.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gene expression analysis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration of the motor neuron disease type with ubiquitinated inclusions

Neurodegenerative disorders share a process of aggregation of insoluble protein. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U) is characterized by the presence of ubiquitin and TDP-43 positive aggregates which are likely related to specific gene expression profiles. We carried out gene expression microarray analysis on post-mortem brain tissue from FTLD-U, FTLD-MND, and controls. Using total RNA from carefully dissected frontal cortical layer II, we obtained gene expression profiles showing that FTLD-U and controls differ in over 100 networks, including those involved in synapse formation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, endosomal sorting, and apoptosis. We performed qRT-PCR validation for three genes, representative of three different networks. Dynein axonemal light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1) (microtubule/cytoskeleton network associated) expression was 3-fold higher and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) (signal transduction network) was 3.3 times higher in FTLD-U than FTLD-MND and controls; annexin A2 (ANXA2) (endosomal sorting) expression was 11.3-fold higher in FTLD-U than FTLD-MND and 2.3-fold higher than controls. The identification of progranulin (PGRN) gene mutations and TDP-43 as the major protein component of the ubiquitinated inclusions, are two recent landmark discoveries in the field of FTLD-U. We found 1.5-fold increase in TDP-43 in both FTLD-MND and FTLD-U while progranulin showed no gene expression differences between controls and FTLD-MND. However, one of the FTLD-U cases tested by Affymetrix microarray showed “absence call” of this transcript, suggesting absent or decreased gene expression. Our findings point to specific gene-linked-pathways which may be influenced by neurodegenerative disease process and may be targeted for further exploration.
Temporal changes in stress preceding the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington

Abstract The 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH), Washington, was preceded by a swarm of shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTs) that began on September 23, 2004. We calculated locations and fault-plane solutions (FPS) for shallow VTs recorded during a background period (January 1999 to July 2004) and during the early vent-clearing phase (September 23 to 29, 2004) of the 2004–2008 eruption. FPS show normal and strike-slip faulting during the background period and on September 23; strike-slip and reverse faulting on September 24; and a mixture of strike-slip, reverse, and normal faulting on September 25–29. The orientation of σ 1 beneath MSH, as estimated from stress tensor inversions, was found to be sub-horizontal for all periods and oriented NE–SW during the background period, NW–SE on September 24, and NE–SW on September 25–29. We suggest that the ephemeral ~ 90° change in σ 1 orientation was due to intrusion and inflation of a NE–SW-oriented dike in the shallow crust prior to the eruption onset.
γ-Guided Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage for Detection of Bowel Perforation

Hypothesis:Bowelperforationcanbediagnosedbydetection of orally administered technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid ( 99m Tc SC) in diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) fluid using a handheld -detection probe. Design: A canine intestinal-injury model was used to test the hypothesis. The 99m Tc SC (55.5 MBq) was administered in 500 mL of saline via a nasogastric tube. A DPL with 500 mL of saline was performed at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration of 99m Tc SC. The radioactivity in the DPL effluent was measured using a handheldprobe. A DPL effluent count that was 3 SDs above the background count was considered a positive test result.Twentyanimalswithperforationand5withoutperforation (negative control) were studied. Results: There were no false-positive -DPL test results.Sensitivityimprovedbytimeupto90minutes.The lowest positive count in the DPL effluent measured by the probe corresponded to 0.2% of the administered activity.Noradioactivitywasdetectedinbloodandurine samples or liver and spleen specimens. The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy,positivepredictivevalues,andnegativepredictivevaluesat90minuteswere95%,100%,96%, 100%, and 83%, respectively. Conclusions: -Guided DPL is a highly sensitive and 100% specific test in the detection of small-bowel perforation. Clinical studies are warranted to determine the patient-specific factors affecting diagnostic accuracy.
On the distribution of posterior probabilities in finite mixture models with application in clustering

The paper discusses an approach based on the multivariate Delta method for approximating the distribution of posterior probabilities in finite mixture models. It can be used for developing distributions of many other characteristics involving posterior probabilities such as the entropy of fuzzy classification or expected cluster sizes. An application of the proposed methodology to clustering through merging mixture components is proposed and discussed. The methodology is studied and illustrated on simulated and well-known classification datasets with good results.
Activity of Sambucus sieboldiana on Columbia SK and LGM Virus Infection in Mice

SummaryA higher plant, Sambucus sieboldiana, has emerged from a screening program of Japanese medicinal plants as reducing mortality in both Columbia SK and LCM virus infections in mice.
An Accessible Platform for Exploring Haptic Interactions with Co-located Capacitive and Piezoresistive Sensors

This paper introduces an open research platform for exploring haptic interactions with co-located, capacitive and piezoresistive sensors. The solution uses readily available material, hardware and software components and allows for experiments on many system levels from low-level material concerns up to high-level sensor fusion software. This provides the HCI community with a platform to accelerate explorations of the many applications that have opened up of sensor fusion in haptic interaction.
Structure and synthesis of malformin A1

Abstract The structure of malformin A 1 , a metabolic product of Aspergillus niger , was reexamined and the sequence of its amino acid constituents established as The cyclopentapeptide-disulfide corresponding to this structure was prepared through stepwise synthesis of the protected pentapeptide derivative, benzyloxy-carbonyl- l -isoleucyl- S -benzyl- d -cysteinyl- S -benzyl- d -cysteinyl- l -valyl- d -leucine methylester, which in turn was converted to the hydrazide, partially deprotected, and cyclized via the azide. On removal of the S-benzyl groups and oxidation to the disulfide, a synthetic material was obtained that was indistinguishable from natural malformin A 1 and was as equally potent in causing curvatures on corn roots.
A Norm Optimal Approach to Time-Varying ILC With Application to a Multi-Axis Robotic Testbed

In this paper, we focus on improving performance and robustness in precision motion control (PMC) of multi-axis systems through the use of iterative learning control (ILC). A norm optimal ILC framework is used to design optimal learning filters based on design objectives. This paper contains two key contributions. The first half of this paper presents the norm optimal framework, including the introduction of an additional degree of design flexibility via time-varying weighting matrices. This addition enables the controller to take trajectory, position-dependent dynamics, and time-varying stochastic disturbances into consideration when designing the optimal learning controller. Explicit guidelines and analysis requirements for weighting matrix design are provided. The second half of this paper seeks to demonstrate the use of these guidelines. Using the design details provided in the paper, norm optimal learning controllers using time-invariant and time-varying weighting matrices are designed for comparison through simulation on a model of a multi-axis robotic testbed.
Sex as a Social Reality: Field and Laboratory Research

The factors responsible for sex related effects are examined by means of an analysis of methods frequently used to study them. Field observations, field experiments, and laboratory techniques used in the investigation of sex and gender are discussed. It is suggested that the distinction between reactive and nonobtrusive measurement may be particularly useful in predicting when sex related differences may be found. It is also suggested that there is no one universal sexual reality. Sex related effects may be constructed by the social cognitions of the participants in a study as well as by the conceptual assumptions underlying the methods themselves.
The anteriorly oriented horizontal vector loop: the problem of distinction between direct posterior myocardial infarction and normal variation.

Abstract An attempt was made to distinguish the vectorcardiogram of a direct posterior myocardial infarction from an anterior horizontal loop that is known to occur in over 20 per cent of normal subjects. Patients with anterior horizontal QRS loops and arteriographic evidence of complete occlusion of the right coronary artery, the posterior descending artery, or dominant left circumflex coronary artery were compared to normal individuals with anterior vector loops in the horizontal plane. Nine patients were thought to have a direct posterior infarction; 13 patients were thought to be normal. The association of an abnormal frontal plane QRS loop indicative of a diaphragmatic infarction (5 of 9 patients) implied an associated direct posterior infarction. Otherwise, no differences were observed in the two groups. Specifically, in the horizontal plane, the 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 msec. vectors, both magnitude and direction, were similar. Also the maximum QRS vector, half-area vector, anterior accession time, QRS loop rotation, T-loop angle, and rotation and magnitude of the maximum anterior, maximum posterior, and maximum right-ward vectors of the QRS loop were similar in both groups. It appears, therefore, that the previously established criteria for the vectorcardiographic diagnosis of a direct posterior myocardial infarction, in general, adequately describes the vectorcardiogram of a direct posterior infarction; but fails to distinguish it from the anteriorly oriented vectorcardiogram of normal individuals which occurs frequently enough to make the importance of this distinction a practical clinical problem.
Government documents in medical libraries

Abstract A profile of government publications in academic health sciences libraries was initiated in this column in 1984 [1]. This article will conclude that profile by discussing in more detail the access and control problems faced by medical libraries. When the Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, became a depository in 1970, it was decided to create a printed catalog of government documents for the use of the reference staff and patrons. Ten years of tinkering and two grants later, that local catalog has blossomed into MEDOC: Index to U.S. Government Publications in the Medical and Health Sciences [2]. Four subscriber surveys undertaken by the MEDOC staff during that time have produced some interesting data on ways medical libraries deal, or don't deal, with their government documents. Figures quoted in the remainder of this article are drawn primarily from those surveys.
Distribution of Glyphosate- and Thifensulfuron-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in North Carolina

Glyphosate resistance in Palmer amaranth was first confirmed in North Carolina in 2005. A survey that year indicated 17 and 18% of 290 populations sampled were resistant to glyphosate and thifensulfuron, respectively. During the fall of 2010, 274 predetermined sites in North Carolina were surveyed to determine distribution of Palmer amaranth and to determine if and where resistance to fomesafen, glufosinate, glyphosate, and thifensulfuron occurred. Palmer amaranth was present at 134 sites. When mortality for each biotype was compared to a known susceptible biotype for each herbicide within a rate, 93 and 36% of biotypes were controlled less by glyphosate (840 g ae ha−1) and thifensulfuron (70 g ai ha−1), respectively. This approach may have underestimated resistance for segregating populations due to lack of homogeneity of the herbicide resistance trait and its contribution to error variance. When mortality and visible control were combined, 98% and 97% of the populations were resistant to glyphosate and the ALS inhibitor thifensulfuron, respectively, and 95% of the populations expressed multiple resistance to both herbicides. This study confirms that Palmer amaranth is commonly found across the major row crop production regions of North Carolina and that resistance to glyphosate and ALS-inhibiting herbicides is nearly universal. No resistance to fomesafen or glufosinate was observed.
Ability of lambs to learn with a delay between food ingestion and consequences given meals containing novel and familiar foods

Abstract We studied: (1) whether lambs could learn to avoid a novel food given delays of up to 8 h between food ingestion and gastrointestinal illness (long-delay study); (2) how gastrointestinal illness affected the selection of several foods differing in familiarity to lambs (mixed-meal study). Gastrointestinal illness was induced by administering encapsulated lithium chloride (LiCl; 160 mg kg −1 body weight) to lambs using a balling gun. In the long-delay study, lambs were offered a novel food for 5 min. If they consumed 10 g or more of the food, LiCl was administered 0,2,4,6, or 8 h later. Intake of the novel food was measured in 5 min trials for the next 3 days. When the delay between food ingestion and the administration of LiCl was 2 or 4 h, the lambs reduced their intake of the novel food after a single dose of LiCl. The lambs also reduced their intake of the novel food when the delay between food ingestion and the administration of LiCl was 6 or 8 h. However, LiCl was administered twice before the lambs reduced their intake of the novel food; they were also given a stronger dose (320 mg kg −1 body weight) of LiCl on Day 2 than on Day 1. Thus, repeated exposures, greater gastrointestinal distress, or both may be required before lambs reduce their intake of a novel food given delays of 6 h or more. For the mixed-meal study, we used five foods; lambs had eaten two of the foods since weaning, two of the foods for 25 days prior to the onset of the trials, and one food was novel. When lambs were offered the novel food for 5 min followed by the four familiar foods for 20 min, and then given LiCl, they refused to eat the novel food for the next 3 days. Some of the lambs also reduced their intake of the foods they had eaten for 25 days. The lambs did not decrease their intake of the foods they had eaten since weaning.
Action of cismethrin and deltamethrin on functional attributes of isolated presynaptic nerve terminals from rat brain

Abstract Isolated presynaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) prepared from rat brain were used to evaluate the actions of a tremor (T)-syndrome (cismethrin) and a choreoathetosis-salivation (CS)-syndrome (deltamethrin) pyrethroid on the functional attributes of synaptosomes by measuring calcium influx and endogenous neurotransmitter ( l -glutamate) release with fluorescent assays. Both cismethrin and deltamethrin stimulated calcium influx, however, only deltamethrin enhanced Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release and its action was stereospecific, concentration-dependent, stimulated by depolarization, unaltered by tetrodotoxin, and blocked by ω-conotoxin GVIA. Our results delineate a separate action of deltamethrin on presynaptic nerve terminals from that elicited by cismethrin and implicate Cav2.2 calcium channels as target sites for deltamethrin that is consistent with the observed in vivo release of neurotransmitter at the onset of convulsive symptom caused by CS-syndrome pyrethroids. This information will allow a more complete understanding of the molecular and cellular nature of pyrethroid-induced neurotoxicity and expands our knowledge of the structure–activity relationships of pyrethroids in regards to their action on voltage-sensitive calcium channels.
Regulation of inflammation.

Inflammation is part of the response to infection. It is often considered to be part of the innate response to infection, but it plays a significant role in molding the adaptive response. Conserved pathways that have evolved to contain the infection and mold the ensuing adaptive response can cause deleterious effects when dysregulated. In this review, the various roles of TNFα will be discussed. Its pleomorphic effects require complex regulatory strategies. Our work has focused on the role of TNFα in autoimmune diseases and the regulation of its expression by transcription factors and chromatin remodeling.
Plasmon resonance differences between the near- and far-field and implications for molecular detection

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of a nanoplasmonic particle is often considered to occur at a single resonant wavelength. However, the physical measures of plasmon resonance, namely the far-field measures of scattering, absorption, and extinction, and the near-field measures of surface-average or maximum electric field intensity, depend differently on the particle polarizability, and hence may be maximized at different wavelengths. We show using analytic Mie theory that the differences in peak wavelength between the near- and far-fields can reach over 200 nm for nanoparticle sizes commonly used in spectroscopy applications. Using finite element analysis, we also consider the effect of varying particle shape to spheroidal geometries, and consider polarization dependence. Using the quasi-static and extended quasi-static approximation, we show that the differences between the near- and far- field measures of plasmon resonance can be largely explained by radiation damping effects. We suggest that accounting for these differences is relevant both for optimizing device design, and for improving fundamental understanding of surface-enhanced mechanisms such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
A coordination network containing non-coordinating polyoxometalate clusters as counterions

This report describes the synthesis and characterization of a 2D coordination network that directly incorporates an aniline-functionalized polyoxometalate (POM) cluster. By reacting a cobalt(II) salt of the POM cluster [Mo12O46(AsC6H4NH2)4]4− with a bifunctional ligand, 4,4′-bipyridylethylene, a 2D coordination network was synthesized through a self-assembly process. The POM behaves as a non-coordinating anion and does not interfere with the coordination network other than occupying space. Thermal analysis reveals that the structure is stable to 350 °C.
Temporal relation between left ventricular dysfunction and chest pain in coronary artery disease during activities of daily living.

Abstract Forty-three ambulatory patients with angina of increasing frequency underwent continuous monitoring of left ventricular (LV) function for an average of 2.9 ± 1.9 hours to determine the incidence and temporal sequence of LV dysfunction, ST-segment depression and chest pain. Indicators of ischemia were: a decrease in ejection fraction >5% lasting >1 minute; horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression of >- 1 mm; or onset of the patient's typical chest pain complex, or a combination of these. During the monitoring interval, subjects performed daily activities such as sitting, walking, climbing stairs and eating. In 11 patients, 22 episodes of chest pain or ST-segment depression, or both, were observed. Eighteen episodes were accompanied by a decrease in ejection fraction (9 patients); chest pain accompanied the decrease in ejection fraction during 13 episodes, whereas ST-segment changes occurred during 7. In 12 of 13 episodes the decrease in ejection fraction began earlier than the onset of chest pain, whereas in 1 patient ejection fraction decrease and chest pain onset started at the same time. The average interval from a decrease in ejection fraction to the onset of chest pain was 56 ± 41 seconds (range 0 to 120). ST changes occurred after the onset of a decrease in ejection fraction in 6 of 7 episodes. The average interval from the onset of ejection fraction decrease and the onset of ST change was 99 ± 91 seconds. These data suggest that LV dysfunction manifested by a decrease in ejection fraction is an earlier indicator of myocardial ischemia than is angina pectoris or electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia.
Crystal structure of human Karyopherin β2 bound to the PY-NLS of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nab2.

Import-Karyopherin or Importin proteins bind nuclear localization signals (NLSs) to mediate the import of proteins into the cell nucleus. Karyopherin β2 or Kapβ2, also known as Transportin, is a member of this transporter family responsible for the import of numerous RNA binding proteins. Kapβ2 recognizes a targeting signal termed the PY-NLS that lies within its cargos to target them through the nuclear pore complex. The recognition of PY-NLS by Kapβ2 is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Kap104, the Kapβ2 homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recognizes PY-NLSs in cargos Nab2, Hrp1, and Tfg2. We have determined the crystal structure of Kapβ2 bound to the PY-NLS of the mRNA processing protein Nab2 at 3.05-A resolution. A seven-residue segment of the PY-NLS of Nab2 is observed to bind Kapβ2 in an extended conformation and occupies the same PY-NLS binding site observed in other Kapβ2·PY-NLS structures.
Trapping of hydrogen by oxygen and nitrogen impurities in niobium, vanadium and tantalum

Abstract A theoretical investigation of the trapping of hydrogen by oxygen and nitrogen impurities in the b.c.c. metals niobium, vanadium and tantalum is described. The method of lattice statics is used to calculate hydrogen-impurity binding energies as functions of the locations and orientations of the hydrogen and impurity atoms. Based on these results, two hydrogen-impurity defect structures (a third nearest-neighboring (300) pair and a fourth- and fifth-nearest-neighboring (212)–(232) ring structure) are proposed in order to account for anelastic relaxations observed in these systems. In both cases it is assumed that hydrogen atoms occupy tetrahedral sites and that impurity atoms occupy octahedral sites. The binding energies calculated for the two structures are 0.11 and 0.06 eV respectively, in good agreement with the experimental observations of Zapp and Birnbaum. A transition path for the observed relaxations is developed and lower bounds to the relaxation activation enthalpies are calculated which are in agreement with experiment.
Co-H-MAPS TO SPHERES

Criteria are given which characterize Co-H and Co-A maps from arbitrary double suspensions to odd dimensional spheres in terms of the maps in the EHP sequence.
Maturation of the Circadian Rhythm of Plasma Corticosterone in the Rat

The maturation of certain features of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical system was studied in rats from birth to the 40th postnatal day. Increases in plasma corticosterone concentration were observed following exposure to ether and after exogenous ACTH in animals 2 weeks before diurnal variation in plasma corticosterone appeared. A definite, though slight, plasma B response to exogenous ACTH was present even at birth but did not begin to approach adult responsiveness until after the 15th day. The plasma B response to ether began on day 15. The afternoon plasma B was higher by the 25th day than on any previous afternoon of the study, but a definite circadian variation was not present until day 30–32. These data suggest that maturation of the central nervous system’s ability to regulate rhythmic ACTH secretion is delayed well beyond the time when the pituitary is capable of secreting ACTH and the adrenal cortex is capable of secreting corticosterone. (Endocrinology 80: 926, 1967)
Time away from work: employed husbands of women treated for breast cancer.

Purpose We estimated the effect of cancer and its treatment on employment and weekly hours worked for employed men whose wives were newly diagnosed with breast cancer.
Resonance Raman study of the first absorption band of H2S

Abstract Raman spectra of hydrogen sulfide excited at nine wavelengths throughout its first absorption feature in the 180–250 nm region are reported. The spectra are dominated by transitions to S-H stretching overtone states. Several bands corresponding to combinations involving one quantum of the bending vibration are also observed. The intensity pattern varies significantly with excitation energy. These results are interpreted in terms of the nature and number of the excited state potential energy surface(s) in this spectral region.
Link Results for Upper Ka-Band Data Link over Sea Water at Low Look Angles

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a line-of-sight (LOS) communications link that operates at upper Ka-band and has been demonstrated to provide connectivity at low power and long ranges (in excess of 100 nmi) and high data rates (up to 720 Mbps). This system, entitled the Tactical Reach back Extended Communications (TREC) system, was tested on two occasions with links extending over the Chesapeake Bay to determine if multipath induced from a sea water surface would detrimentally affect performance at particularly low elevation angles. It was found that no discernable multipath was observed, but in the spring testing, environmental conditions resulted in links extending beyond line of sight.
Auditory-nerve fiber responses to tones in a noise masker.

Abstract The phase-locked responses of single auditory-nerve fibers were measured for a continuous tonal stimulus presented in a noise background. The response amplitude, the primary Fourier component of the period histogram, was found to be dependent on the relative levels of the noise and tone. Different noise-to-tone level ratio resulted in quite different response amplitude; changing overall level keeping noise-to-tone ratio constant (constant dB difference) provided little change in response. With transient stimuli, phase-locked response to the tone at noise onset was consistently greater than to a tone presented during the steady-state noise exposure. When responses were normalized to the average rate, the differences between onset and steady-state responses were not clearcut.
Separation of Actinides and Fission Products Using Titanium-Based Materials

Separation of minor actinides such as americium and curium from lanthanides and other fission products is important for the development of efficient nuclear fuel reprocessing methods. This article describes findings from initial investigations into the use of titanium-based materials for the separation of actinides including americium, plutonium, neptunium, and uranium from fission products including lanthanides, strontium, and cesium. Two types of materials were studied; the first was sodium titanates (ST) that have a layered structure and the second was titanosilicates that have a 3-dimensional tunnel structure. Testing indicated that the layered sodium titanates and tunnel-structured titanosilicate materials exhibit a strong affinity for Am, lanthanides, Sr, and Cs at pH 3 and a significantly reduced affinity for Am and the lanthanides at a higher acid concentration (pH 1). Testing also indicated that the ST material exhibited high affinity for actinides in a pH 3 solution. The addition of complexing a...
Transvaginal Ultrasonography by Emergency Physicians Decreases Patient Time in the Emergency Department

. Objectives: An important argument for emergency physician use of ultrasonography is that it results in more rapid patient disposition, but there are few articles to support this position. This study sought to demonstrate a significant decrease in the time spent in the ED when emergency physicians performed transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), as compared with when TVUS was performed by consultants, in the evaluation of first-trimester pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the time spent in the ED (time placed in gynecologic examination room to time released from ED) by patients with first-trimester pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding necessitating further evaluation with TVUS. TVUS was performed in the ED by obstetrics/gynecology (ob/gyn) residents who were consulted to the ED from January 11, 1996, to March 31, 1996, and by emergency physicians from April 17, 1996, to July 7, 1996. Results: Emergency physicians evaluated 46 patients by TVUS, with a mean time of 164.70 minutes (SEM ± 13.29). Ob/gyn consultants evaluated 38 patients by TVUS, with a mean time of 234.79 minutes (SEM ± 12.74). This was a significant difference at the level of p < 0.0003 (Student's t-test). There were no known missed ectopic pregnancies as ascertained by 100% patient follow-up. There was no significant difference between the groups in the percentage of ectopic pregnancies (Fisher's exact test). The number of patients in the emergency physician group requiring subsequent consultation was reduced by 85%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a more rapid ED transit time when TVUS was performed at the bedside by emergency physicians as compared with when pelvic ultrasonography required consultation. Additionally, fewer calls to consultants were required.
ELECTRON BINDING ENERGIES FOR HIGHLY IONIZED FISSION-FRAGMENT ATOMS.

Due to the large velocities attained by fission fragments immediately upon fissioning, they are unable to carry along many of their outer orbital electrons and hence become highly ionized. The state of ionization in turn directly affects the binding energies of the various remaining electrons. We have calculated the K‐ and L‐electron binding energies for the typical fission fragment atoms Sr, Pd, Xe, and Sm in a number of ionic charge states ranging from the neutral state to the single‐electron state (ionic charge of Z−1). These calculated binding energies have been used to determine an empirical formula for computing the binding energies of atoms from Z=34 to Z=66 in any state of ionization with an estimated accuracy of ±80 eV. It was found that the K and L binding energies are both increased over the neutral atomic values by approximately 0.9 keV for the most probable ionic charges of the fission fragments (20+ to 26+), and consequently that the K x‐ray energies are almost unaffected.
Mothers with zero Beck depression scores act more “depressed” with their infants

Mothers who scored zero on the Beck Depression Inventory ( N = 25) were compared to “depressed” mothers (high scores on the Beck) ( N = 39) and nondepressed mothers ( N = 98) during face-to-face interactions with their 5-month-old infants. The interaction videotapes were rated on the Interaction Rating Scales and were coded second-by-second for attentive/affective behavior states. The zero Beck mothers and their infants received lower ratings and were in less positive behavior states (alone or together) than the high scoring Beck “depressed” mother/infant dyads and even more frequently than the nondepressed mother/infant dyads. The lower activity levels, lesser expressivity, and less frequent vocalizing were suggestive of “depressed” behavior in both the mothers and their infants. In addition, the infants of the zero Beck mothers had lower vagal tone and lower growth percentiles (weight, length, and head circumference) than the infants of nondepressed mothers, although they did not differ from the infants of depressed mothers on these measures. These data suggest that mothers who report no depressive symptoms may present as much, if not greater risk, for their infants than mothers who do report depressive symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory.
Immunological studies of poisonous anacardiaceae: Production of tolerance in guinea pigs using 3-n-pentadecylcatechol-“modified” autologous blood cells

The development of contact sensitivity to poison ivy urushiol in guinea pigs was prevented by intravenous injection of 3-n-pentadecylcatechol (I) coupled to autologous blood cells. Hartley, line-bred, guinea pigs were treated with pentadecylcatechol-“modified” blood cells or sham-treated blood cells 2 weeks prior to attempted topical sensitization with I. Skin testing of all guinea pigs with 3-, 1-, and 0.3-μg doses of I applied in 5 μl of acetone to abdominal skin sites was begun 2 weeks after attempted sensitization and repeated at 2- or 4-week intervals thereafter for 6 months or until study termination. Profound tolerance to I was observed at all skin testing intervals in the group receiving haptenated red cells and did not weaken substantially with time. Contact sensitivity to I in control animals, however, waned with time; the study was terminated at 6 months because of the low sensitivity level of the control animals at that period. Complete or partial tolerance was induced in ∼80% of the treated animals. The immune tolerance obtained by the single injection of pentadecylcatechol-associated red blood cells was of long duration and urushiol specific. This treatment also conferred tolerance to three unsaturated congeners of I. The allergenic potencies of the pentadecylcatechols declined with increasing saturation of the alkyl side chain. Binding studies using tritiated pentadecylcatechol showed that 81% of the activity incorporated into the red cell was membrane associated and that 19% was cell sap associated.