cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observational and Competitive Measures of Dominance in Rats

Observations of social behaviors in a colony of nine male albino rats were subjected to a factor analysis which yielded evidence for a cluster of interrelated behaviors that included fighting wins, boxing, pinning losses, being groomed, not being mounted and a measure of total interactions. These observations were followed by individual pretraining for water and food competitions and paired competition tests. Factor analyses of these data indicate that pretraining measures of time spent consuming water or food and amount consumed are predictive of success in competition. Further, these analyses indicate that food and water competition are independent of one another and that water competition performance is related to a number of observational measures of social behavior, while food competition performance is not.
Qualitative Methods in Inverse Electromagnetic Scattering Theory: Inverse Scattering for Anisotropic Media.

In recent years, a new approach has been developed in the study of the inverse scattering problem for electromagnetic waves. In this approach, a weak scattering assumption has been avoided, and no use has been made of nonlinear optimization methods. Instead, a study is made of the analytic properties of the far-field operator, and the results of this study are used to determine the support of the scattering object together with an estimate of the material properties of the scatterer. This article introduces this new approach in inverse electromagnetic scattering theory, which is called the qualitative approach to inverse scattering theory.
Describe the Intervention (Worksheet C)

The goal of this chapter is to clearly define and substantiate the intervention that is used to address the problem defined in Worksheet B, based on the literature. Worksheet C is presented and is completed based on an example from a fictitious study of intervention patterns associated with outcomes of adult and adolescent mothers with and without the Mental health problem. Worksheet C should be completed before moving on to the next chapter. Upon completion of Worksheet C, the reader will have defined the intervention, substantiated the efficacy of the intervention with relevant literature, and identified the method for measuring the intervention dose and fidelity over time. This information, together with the information from Worksheets B (Chapter 11) and D (Chapter 13), enables the description of the study purpose and sets the stage for launching the study.
In Situ Healing of Compromised Membranes via Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Silica Microparticles

Microscale damages to membranes used in large-scale filtration processes for water treatment can result in severe degradation of product water quality. One promising technology to address this issue is in situ healing of compromised membranes via healing agents that are added to the feed side of a membrane system and seal the defect site because of increased hydraulic drag through damage site during filtration. We herein introduce an improved in situ membrane healing method using amine-functionalized silica microparticles that is effective under varying operating conditions, overcoming limitations faced by previous healing agents such as chitosan agglomerates. The silica microparticles are functionalized with branched polyethylenimine (PEI) molecules for efficient interparticle cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The PEI-decorated silica microparticles (SiO2@PEI MPs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis. This study investigates the selective deposition of the SiO2@PEI MPs on the damage area using confocal laser scanning microscopy under variable cross-flow rate (0.5-2.0 L/min) and flushing time (10 to 30 min) conditions. The in situ healing technique recovered the particle rejection of compromised membranes to 99.1% of the original membrane's performance without any flux decline. The results of this study show that the use of SiO2@PEI MPs is a promising and practical approach to ensure membrane process integrity.
Inadequate Software Testing Can Be Disastrous [Essay]

In October 2007, Activision published the Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock video game for the Nintendo Wii gaming console. The extremely popular game sold 1.4 million copies during the first six days of its release. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock was a game that allowed players to play songs with a guitar-like controller. Music was the primary output of this highly entertaining game.
Playing the Trump Card: Masculinity Threat and the U.S. 2016 Presidential Election:

Using an experimental study fielded before the U.S. 2016 presidential election, we test one potential mechanism to explain the outcome of the election: threatened gender identity. Building on mascu...
Reasoning with an uncertainty of information measure: decision making for military and non-military applications

Intelligent agents are devices, software, and simulations that perceive the environment and take actions to achieve a goal through the use of artificial intelligence. These AI agents are increasingly incorporated into every aspect of our lives. This is particularly true for soldiers and analysts as they must increasingly perform tasks in varied, dynamic, and fast paced operational environments. There is a common idea that, in the future, the pace of operations will increasingly far exceed soldiers’ or analysts’ ability to react to extreme, complex activities. Accelerated decision making in Army operations will relying on AI agents and enabling technologies such as autonomous systems and simulations. However, what happens when the decisions from these AI agents are wrong, produce results contrary to expectations, or simply in disagreement with a person? Explanations can help resolve these issues. Any errors or uncertainty from the AI agent in an accelerated environment will present unique and unforeseen challenges that may potentially inhibit analysts’ or soldiers’ ability to make decisions effectively and efficiently. Providing explanations for AI outputs, predictions, or behaviors is challenging. Algorithms or techniques frequently obfuscate features and how actions are decided. In addition, results from these systems do not always include uncertainty information related to the factors that influenced the actions or decisions. Therefore, information on the uncertainty explicitly in the explanation is necessary. We explore the use of abductive reasoning to provide explanations for situations where an agents answers are not in line with human assessment nor provide uncertainty information needed for human interpretation of the answers. The primary goal of this work is to strengthen the communication of information and increase the effectiveness of interactions between humans and non-human agents.
Spaceborne GPS for Earth Science

With the recent completion of the Global Positioning System constellation and the appearance of increasingly affordable spaceborne receivers, GPS is moving rapidly into the world of space flight projects. Indeed, owing to the great utility and convenience of autonomous onboard positioning, timing, and attitude determination, basic navigation receivers are coming to be seen as almost indispensable to future low earth missions. This development has been expected and awaited since the earliest days of GPS. Perhaps more surprising has been the emergence of direct spaceborne GPS science and the blossoming of new science applications for high performance geodetic space receivers.
Scaling studies for an actively controlled curvature robotic pectoral fin

Scaling studies for an actively controlled curvature robotic pectoral fin are presented in detail. Design, development, and analysis of the fin are conducted using a combination of computational fluid dynamics tools and experimental tests. Results include a Generation 2 (Gen2) fin design with approximately 3x more surface area and a slightly larger aspect ratio compared with our Generation 1 (Gen1) version. The Gen2 fin demonstrates 9x more thrust production than the Gen1 fin, validating the computational studies. Additionally, changes to the structural design of the ribs and actuation of the rib angles leads to a power savings and a more efficient fin.
A finite element model of an anthropomorphic test device lower limb to assess risk of injuries during vertical accelerative loading.

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were used extensively to target occupants of military vehicles during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (2003-2011). War fighters exposed to an IED attack were highly susceptible to lower limb injuries. To appropriately assess vehicle safety and make informed improvements to vehicle design, a novel Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD), called the Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan), was designed for vertical loading. The main objective of this study was to develop and validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the WIAMan lower limb (WIAMan-LL). Appropriate materials and contacts were applied to realistically model the physical dummy. Validation of the model was conducted based on experiments performed on two different test rigs designed to simulate the vertical loading experienced during an under-vehicle explosion. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of the WIAMan and Hybrid-III test devices was performed by comparing force responses to post-mortem human surrogate (PMHS) corridors. The knee axial force recorded by the WIAMan-LL when struck on the plantar surface of the foot (2 m/s) fell mostly within the PMHS corridor, but the corresponding data predicted by the Hybrid-III was almost 60% higher. Overall, good agreements were observed between the WIAMan-LL FE predictions and experiments at various pre-impact speeds ranging from 2 m/s up to 5.8 m/s. Results of the FE model were backed by mean objective rating scores of 0.67-0.76 which support its accuracy relative to the physical lower limb dummy. The observations and objective rating scores show the model is validated within the experimental loading conditions. These results indicate the model can be used in numerical studies related to possible dummy design improvements once additional PMHS data is available. The numerical lower limb is currently incorporated into a whole body model that will be used to evaluate the vehicle design for underbody blast protection.
Concentration of Costs Among High Utilizers of Health Care Services Over the First 10 Years After Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Population-based Study

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to (1) categorize individuals into high, medium, and low utilizers of health care services over a 10-year period after the onset of spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) identify the pattern of causes of hospitalizations and the characteristics associated with high utilization. Design Retrospective analysis of self-report assessment linked to administrative data. Setting Data were collected from participants living in and utilizing hospitals in the state of South Carolina. Participants Adult participants with traumatic SCI were identified through a state SCI Surveillance System Registry, a population-based system capturing all incident cases treated in nonfederal facilities. Among 963 participants who completed self-report assessments, we matched those with a minimum of 10 years of administrative records for a final sample of 303 participants (N=303). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Costs related to health care utilization for emergency department visits and hospitalizations, as measured operationally by hospital charges at full and established rates; causes of hospitalizations Results Over two-thirds of the total $49.4 million in charges for hospitalization over the 10-year timeframe (69%) occurred among 16.5% of the cohort (high utilizers), whereas those in the low utilizer group comprised 53% of the cohort with only 3.5% of the charges. The primary diagnoses were septicemia (50%), other urinary tract disorder (48%), mechanical complication of device, implant, or graft (48%), and chronic ulcer of skin (40%). Primary diagnoses were frequently accompanied by secondary diagnoses, indicating the co-occurrence of multiple secondary health conditions. High utilizers were more likely to be male, minority, have a severe SCI, have reported frequent pressure ulcers and have income of less than $35,000 per year. Conclusions The high cost of chronic health care utilization over a 10-year timeframe was concentrated in a relatively small portion of the SCI population who have survived more than a decade after SCI onset.
Two-dimensional electron gas oxide remote doping of Si(001)

We demonstrate the integration of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) oxide structure composed of $\mathrm{LaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (LTO/STO) on undoped Si(001) that possesses the attractive attributes of high charge density from the oxide and high mobility of silicon. Key to this approach is modification of the oxygen content at the STO-Si interface, which tunes the band alignment and induces electron carriers to move from the oxide 2DEG to form a 2DEG in the silicon substrate. As a consequence, the overall mobility of the heterostructure increases by two orders of magnitude compared to that in the oxide 2DEG to up to $100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at room temperature, with a carrier density of $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. This approach can be applied to technologies that require both high carrier and high carrier mobility for applications in plasmonics and high power electronics.
The Likelihood of Self-reporting Balance Problems in Those With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Slow Gait Speed, or Low Vitamin D

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D (25(OH)D) and balance deficits in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the likelihood of self-reporting balance and falling problems, measured gait speed in persons with kidney disease, and low levels of vitamin D and albumin. Design Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 data set. Subjects The study included 8,554 subjects aged >40 years who were categorized into CKD stages based on the glomerular filtration rate (normal kidney function and stages 1 and 2 served as the control group, and stages 3 and 4/5 served as the CKD groups). Main outcome measures Measured 25(OH)D levels, timed 20-feet walk, Romberg standing balance task, and self-reported balance and falling issues. Results The prevalence of balance deficits was found to be high in this CKD sample, with fail rates increasing with kidney disease severity. Similarly, when examining the relationship between CKD stage and the measurement of balance, fail rates (impaired balance) increased and gait speed decreased with kidney disease severity. In addition, the likelihood of self-reporting a balance and falling problem in the past year was higher in persons who had advanced CKD, were of older age, were of female sex, were with former or current smoking status, had lower 25(OH)D levels, and had lower albumin levels. Similarly, the likelihood of having a 20-feet walk time of more than 8 seconds was associated with those who were older, had higher body mass index, and had lower levels of 25(OH)D and albumin. Conclusion The unique finding of this study is that increased reporting of balance and falling issues (both perceived and measured) and slower gait were found in persons with increased CKD severity and lower 25(OH)D status.
HeteroCL: A Multi-Paradigm Programming Infrastructure for Software-Defined Reconfigurable Computing

With the pursuit of improving compute performance under strict power constraints, there is an increasing need for deploying applications to heterogeneous hardware architectures with accelerators, such as GPUs and FPGAs. However, although these heterogeneous computing platforms are becoming widely available, they are very difficult to program especially with FPGAs. As a result, the use of such platforms has been limited to a small subset of programmers with specialized hardware knowledge. To tackle this challenge, we introduce HeteroCL, a programming infrastructure composed of a Python-based domain-specific language (DSL) and an FPGA-targeted compilation flow. The HeteroCL DSL provides a clean programming abstraction that decouples algorithm specification from three important types of hardware customization in compute, data types, and memory architectures. HeteroCL further captures the interdependence among these different customization techniques, allowing programmers to explore various performance/area/accuracy trade-offs in a systematic and productive manner. In addition, our framework produces highly efficient hardware implementations for a variety of popular workloads by targeting spatial architecture templates such as systolic arrays and stencil with dataflow architectures. Experimental results show that HeteroCL allows programmers to explore the design space efficiently in both performance and accuracy by combining different types of hardware customization and targeting spatial architectures, while keeping the algorithm code intact.
Diel and age-dependent behavioral patterns of exposure-concealment in three species ofTrogoderma: Simple mechanisms for enhancing reproductive isolation in chemically mediated mating systems

AdultTrogoderma glabrum, T. inclusum, andT. variabile exhibit diel periods of exposure-concealment behavior, the frequency and duration of which are age-dependent, and the temporal placement of which is species-dependent. Exposure periods correspond with daily maxima in male sensitivity to the most active female-released sex pheromone component, 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, and with respective periods of sex pheromone release in females. Exposure-concealment behavior may be a factor in reproductive isolation between these species, since potential communication distances are greatly reduced when either males or females are concealed.
Incidence of Femoral Component Malrotation Using Posterior Condylar Referencing in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Proper femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important, given the prognostic impact of a poorly positioned component. The purpose of this observational study was to determine the incidence of femoral component malrotation using posterior condylar axis (PCA) referencing. A total of 100 knees in 92 patients with varus gonarthritis of the knee undergoing primary TKA using a standard medial parapatellar approach were evaluated intraoperatively. After distal femoral resection, the standard femoral sizing guide referencing the posterior condylar axis was used to set femoral component rotation. This was then compared with both the transepicondylar (TEA) and trochlear anteroposterior axes (TRAx). Disparites were recorded and corrected in line with the epicondylar axis. Rotational adjustment for addition of further external rotation was made in 13 (13.0%) cases. In seven cases, the medial pin sites were raised between 1 and 3 mm, and in six cases, the lateral pin site was lowered between 1 and 3 mm (based on risk of notching the femoral cortex). It is critical to not rely exclusively on the PCA to confirm rotational positioning of the femoral component as predicted by posterior condylar referencing guides. Intraoperative adjustment and confirmation using the TEA and TRAx occurred in 13% of primary TKA cases, which might have, otherwise, had a significant effect on the clinical outcome.
Microhabitat Use of Allocreadium lobatum (Trematoda) in Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) in Southeastern Nebraska

Microhabitat use of Allocreadium lobatum (Trematoda) in the intestine of creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) was studied using natural infections. Seventy-six creek chub harboring only A. lobatum in their intestine provided data on the position of 212 worms along the length of the intestine. Positions of worms within the intestine co-varied strongly with host size and therefore intestinal length; worm positions standardized by intestinal length eliminated this relationship. Analyses of standardized worm positions (worm location) revealed that microhabitat use did not vary with worm size, maturity, or number of eggs in the uterus. Individuals of A. lobatum occurred throughout the intestine, but were concentrated in the posterior 30% of the intestine, regardless of demographic properties of the worms themselves. Standardized niche breadths of parasite infrapopulations suggested strict microhabitat specificity, but nearest-neighbor analyses revealed very little aggregation of worms in infrapopulations beyond what is expected by chance. Overall, trematodes of this species appear to exhibit some microhabitat specificity when examined with snapshot, field-collected data, but there is no clear indication of what mechanism might produce the observed pattern. Use of the intestine by individuals of A. lobatum might be more dynamic than can be revealed by the present investigation or studies similar to it.
Impact of Multidisciplinary Audit of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)® Programs at a Single Institution.

As Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) programs expand across numerous subspecialties, growth and sustainability on a system level becomes increasingly important and may benefit from reporting multidisciplinary and financial data. However, the literature on multidisciplinary outcome analysis in ERAS is sparse. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of multidisciplinary ERAS auditing in a hospital system. Additionally, we describe developing a financial metric for use in gaining support for system-wide ERAS adoption and sustainability. Data from HPB, colorectal and urology ERAS programs at a single institution were analyzed from a prospective ERAS Interactive Audit System (EIAS) database from September 2015 to June 2019. Clinical 30-day outcomes for the ERAS cohort (n = 1374) were compared to the EIAS pre-ERAS control (n = 311). Association between improved ERAS compliance and improved outcomes were also assessed for the ERAS cohort. The potential multidisciplinary financial impact was estimated from hospital bed charges. Multidisciplinary auditing demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative length of stay (LOS) (1.5 days, p < 0.001) for ERAS patients in aggregate and improved ERAS compliance was associated with reduced LOS (coefficient − 0.04, p = 0.004). Improved ERAS compliance in aggregate also significantly associated with improved 30-day survival (odds ratio 1.04, p = 0.001). Multidisciplinary analysis also demonstrated a potential financial impact of 44% savings (p < 0.001) by reducing hospital bed charges across all specialties. Multidisciplinary auditing of ERAS programs may improve ERAS program support and expansion. Analysis across subspecialties demonstrated associations between improved ERAS compliance and postoperative LOS as well as 30-day survival, and further suggested a substantial combined financial impact.
An Empirical Study on Usability and Security of E-Commerce Websites

Advancement of the World Wide Web and technological improvement has made a huge revolution in the Internet world, especially in the commercial sector. Although the usage of the Internet for commercial purposes was introduced in the 1994, but the prone to use websites for e-commerce has been increased gradually. Nowadays, websites are considered as an integral part of e-commerce. However, the success rate depends on certain quality issues. In this paper, we mainly focus on two important quality factors namely usability and security, which are considered as the backbone of e-commerce websites. This paper identifies out various attributes for estimating the usability and security aspects of e-commerce websites. A comparison study has been conducted on the various usability and evaluation models which help in the identification of an efficient model for assessing and evaluating the usability and security of e-commerce websites.
Prenatal exposure to phthalates and maternal metabolic outcomes in a high-risk pregnant Latina population.

Abstract Background Phthalates are a group of endocrine disrupting chemicals that are heavily used throughout industry in flexible plastic and personal-care products. As a result, detectable levels of their metabolites are readily found in humans. Some studies have shown associations of phthalates with diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are less clear. Objective To investigate the association of 11 prenatal urinary phthalate metabolites and development of GDM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), continuous plasma glucose level, and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in a population of pregnant Latina women (N = 415) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study. Methods Phthalate metabolite levels were measured via mass spectrometry from two urine samples collected in the end of the first and second trimester. Maternal plasma glucose levels, prior diabetes diagnosis, GDM diagnosis, and weight gain were abstracted from medical records. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association between the average of the two urinary phthalate metabolites levels and maternal metabolic outcomes. In our sensitivity analysis, phthalate levels were categorized by level (as quartiles of exposure) and by timing of urine sample collection (as taken in first and second half of pregnancy). Results Consistent with findings from a nationally representative sample, all of the individual phthalate metabolites were detected in majority of mothers. Thirty-one mothers (7.5%) were diagnosed with GDM, 49 mothers (14.7%) displayed IGT, and 223 mothers (55.1%) gained an excessive amount of weight during their pregnancy. MEP concentrations were associated with an increased odds of excessive GWG (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.3). We did not find an association between any phthalate metabolite and any maternal glucose outcome. Conclusion Contrary to previous studies, our findings do not support an association of prenatal phthalate levels and increased odds for hyperglycemia, IGT, or GDM. But, we did find an increased odds of excessive GWG, a well-known risk factor for GDM.
Effect of CFTR modulator therapy on cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.

Abstract Background Half of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop CF-related diabetes (CFRD). CFRD contributes to worsened pulmonary function and malnutrition. We undertook this study to determine the effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators on CRFD. Methods We reviewed the medical records of adults with CF who followed in the CF clinic at Oklahoma University Medical Center. We collected data for age at diagnosis of CF and CFRD, CF mutations present, first date of ivacaftor therapy either alone or in combination, insulin use, pulmonary function, body mass index data, and home glucose monitoring results. Clinical resolution of CFRD was taken as discontinuation of routine insulin and resolution of high interstitial home glucose values. Results We identified 69 adult CF patients, of whom 31 had CFRD. Among these 14 CFRD patients taking ivacaftor alone or in combination, four patients completely stopped using insulin. Another patient went from three times a day pre-prandial insulin to using insulin once a week. Home blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c values supported resolution of CFRD. Three patients continued to have hypoglycemia despite stopping insulin. No CFRD patient not taking CFTR modulators markedly changed the insulin regimen. Pulmonary function was preserved in those patients with resolved CFRD (FEV1 +6.75% ±7.6), whereas it worsened in CFRD patients who either were not taking CFTR modulators (FEV1 −2.09% ±3.9) or who had no response of CFRD status (FEV1 −4.9% ±7.6). Conclusions About one-third of patients on CFTR modulator therapy had resolution or near resolution of CFRD.
Water-quality change following remediation using structural bulkheads in abandoned draining mines, upper Arkansas River and upper Animas River, Colorado USA

Abstract Water-quality effects after remediating abandoned draining mine tunnels using structural bulkheads were examined in two study areas in Colorado, USA. A bulkhead was installed in the Dinero mine tunnel in 2009 to improve water quality in Lake Fork Creek, a tributary to the upper Arkansas River. Although bulkhead installation improved pH, and manganese and zinc concentrations and loads at the Dinero mine tunnel, water-quality degradation was observed at the nearby Nelson tunnel. Only manganese concentrations improved in Lake Fork Creek downstream from the tunnel. To improve water quality in Cement Creek, a tributary of the Animas River, multiple bulkheads were installed in mine tunnels during 1996–2003 and a water treatment plant operated from 1989 to 2003 to treat drainage from several draining tunnels. After bulkhead installation and cessation of active water treatment (about 2003), water quality (pH and dissolved copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations) degraded at the mouth of Cement Creek. The patterns and timing were similar to post-bulkhead increased discharge and trace-metal loads at non-bulkheaded tunnels indicating the bulkheads might have been the cause. Pre-1989 water-quality data for Cement Creek are scarce, although limited historical data indicate possible, slight improvement in only manganese concentrations after bulkhead installation. Increased zinc loads in Lake Fork Creek and decreased pH through time in Cement Creek may indicate increased groundwater discharge to the streams after bulkhead installation. In these two study areas, bulkheads did not substantially improve downstream water quality.
ELEMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESIS OF THE YANSHANIAN ALKALINE SYENITES IN JIAONAN,SHANDONG PROVINCE

Petrological and geochemical studies are carried out for the Yanshanian alkaline syenites from Jiaonan of Shandong Province,and the petrogenesis of these rocks are discussed.It shows that the w(SiO2)contents of the syenites vary from 63.28%to 64.66%,and are characterized by high w(K2O)(5.62%～6.08%)and w(Na2O+K2O)contents 10.20%～11.05%,belonging to metaluminous rocks and alkaline series.Chondrite-normalized patterns for the syenites exhibit moderate depletion in HREE,as well as moderate negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.73～0.85);and the primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams show relatively enrichment in the LILE(Rb,Ba),Th and U,but depletion in the HSFE(Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf,Ti and P).It is considered that these alkaline rocks were derived from partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle in the extensional tectonic setting.Meanwhile,the parental magma underwent intense mineral fractional crystallization,such as potassium feldspar,plagioclase,apatite,hornblende and biotite,whereas there have no obvious crustal contamination during magma ascent.
Invited Review of Becoming Freud: The Making of a Psychoanalyst, by Adam Phillips

There is an enormous literature devoted to Freud and psychoanalysis, including full biographies by Jones (1953, 1955, 1957), Gay (1988), and myself (Breger, 2000, 2009); wide ranging critical studies: Roazen (1975), Sulloway (1979), Holt (1989), Rudnytsky (2002), and Makari (2008); a large number of Freud’s letters to friends and colleagues—including the revealing letters to his close colleague Wilhelm Fliess (Masson, 1985); evaluations of his published cases, and much more. These works range from the loyalty of orthodox Freudians to the most severe criticisms, with all shades in between. We can ask where Adam Phillips (2014) fits in all this, what does he offer that has not been discussed already, and what is the evidence for his version of Freud and psychoanalysis?
Professional Decision-Making in Research (PDR): The Validity of a New Measure

In this paper, we report on the development and validity of the Professional Decision-Making in Research (PDR) measure, a vignette-based test that examines decision-making strategies used by investigators when confronted with challenging situations in the context of empirical research. The PDR was administered online with a battery of validity measures to a group of NIH-funded researchers and research trainees who were diverse in terms of age, years of experience, types of research, and race. The PDR demonstrated adequate reliability (alpha = .84) and parallel form correlation (r = .70). As hypothesized, the PDR was significantly negatively correlated with narcissism, cynicism, moral disengagement, and compliance disengagement; it was not correlated with socially desirable responding. In regression analysis, the strongest predictors of higher PDR scores were low compliance disengagement, speaking English as a native language, conducting clinical research with human subjects, and low levels of narcissism. Given that the PDR was written at an eighth grade reading level to be suitable for use with English as a second language participants and that only one-fourth of items focused on clinical research, further research into the possible roles of culture and research ethics training across specialties is warranted. This initial validity study demonstrates the potential usefulness of the PDR as an educational outcome assessment measure and a research instrument for studies on professionalism and integrity in research.
The pre-mortem: An alternative method of predicting failure

Most people are familiar with the idea of a postmortem. When referring to product development, the postmortem is a review performed after a failure has occurred. The intention is to look at the failure in detail to figure out the root cause. However, you need not wait until a failure occurs. One management technique with growing popularity is the pre-mortem. The pre-mortem is performed early in the development process. The product development team mentally transports themselves into the future and presupposes that a failure has occurred. The team then runs a hypothetical postmortem using their imaginations to theorize what the causes could be. This technique can often discover potential risks in a product that might not be found with other techniques by working backwards. This technique may also be used to build out a more comprehensive fault-tree analysis.
Clinical utility and prognostic significance of measuring troponin I levels in patients presenting to the emergency room with atrial fibrillation.

Background The clinical significance of mildly elevated troponins in patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with atrial fibrillation (AF) is not well understood. Hypothesis We hypothesized that mildly elevated troponin in these patients is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods In a multi-center, retrospective study, 662 patients with AF were divided into 3 groups based on troponin levels: group 1, mildly elevated; group 2, normal; and group 3, troponin not measured. Primary outcome was the combined endpoint of all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) at one year. Results Levels of TnI were measured in 503 (76%) patients. They were elevated in 220 patients (33%, group 1; mean, 0.56 ng/mL), normal in 283 patients (43%, group 2), and not measured in 159 patients (24%, group 3). Significantly more cardiac testing was done at index hospitalization in group 1 (50%) compared with groups 2 and 3 (28% and 29%, P ≤ 0.001) and in the following year (29%, vs 20% and 17%, P = 0.02). Group 1 had more positive tests (62%) compared with groups 2 and 3 (25% and 43%, P ≤ 0.001). Group 1 had a significantly higher occurrence of the primary endpoint (22%, vs 10% and 15%, P = 0.002), driven primarily by a higher incidence of MI in group 1 (7%, vs 1% and 2%, P = 0.001). Conclusions Troponin levels are routinely checked in a majority of patients presenting to the emergency department with AF. Even mildly elevated TnI is associated with a greater incidence of coronary artery disease on diagnostic testing and a higher 1-year incidence of MI.
New Inquiring Systems as Kernel Theories for Knowledge Management: The Case of the Sense Man System

This paper details a conceptual extension of inquiring systems to help in environments of high complexity and uncertainty that is based on the concept of sense making. The conceptual inquiring system was then used as a kernel theory to guide the design of a knowledge management system designed to assist a local government agency with knowledge management issues in a complex, uncertain software environment. Both the conceptual system and the knowledge management system are discussed as well as an evaluation of the systems efficacy in promoting sense making in the organization.
Passive attacks on a class of authentication protocols for RFID

Mutual authentication mechanisms can be used in RFID systems to preserve the confidentiality of the RFID tags. Hiding the unique IDs of the tags is critical to prevent unauthorized tag tracking. In this paper, we analyze two mutual authentication protocols called M2AP and EMAP, recently proposed by Peris-Lopez et. al. We show that a passive adversary eavesdropping on the open wireless medium, can extract the unique ID of the RFID tag by collecting an expected O(log2 L) challenge-response exchange messages between the tag and the reader, where L is the length of the tag's unique ID. To date, previously known attacks on M2AP and EMAP require the active probing of each tag. Furthermore, attacks on M2AP require O(L) active queries to be sent to the tag by a rogue reader, as opposed to O(log2 L).
Section 108 of the I.R.C. and the Inclusion of Tufts Gain: A Proposal for Reform

The 1983 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Commissioner u Tufts established the modern rule that requires a taxpayer to include the full amount of a nonrecourse note in the amount realized on the disposition of a property, notwithstanding the fair market value of the property. Although not fully understood at the time, this holding has had a large impact on the ability of a financially troubled debtor to defer cancellation of indebtedness income under § 108 of the Internal Revenue Code. Presently, § 108 allows a borrower who is insolvent or in a title 11 bankruptcy proceeding to defer the recognition of COD income, rather than recognize it as a gain. Under Tufts, when a property is transferred with a fairmarket value below the nonrecourse debt used to purchase the assPt, the taxpayer realizes a non-deferrable gain to the extent of the difference between the fair-market value of the property and the taxpayer's basis in the property. This Note argues that the Internal Revenue Service's treatment of nonrecourse debt and its application to § 108 is unworkable. By allowing an insolvent taxpayer to defer COD income while not allowing an identical taxpayer to defer gain from the discharge of indebtedness, the Service has disregarded the statutory purpose of § 108 and has violated the fundamental principles of equity and fairness in the administration of our tax system.
Genome digestion is a dispensable consequence of physiological cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Abstract We examined virally transformed murine fibroblast clones as targets for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-triggered lysis and genome digestion. Strikingly, while all clones were essentially equivalent in the ability to be lysed, one clone, SV3T3-B2.1, failed to exhibit genome digestion associated with CTL attack. Other aspects of the physiological cell death process, including loss of adhesion and nuclear envelope breakdown (lamin phosphorylation and solubilization), were not altered in this clone. The absence of genome digestion associated with CTL-induced cell death correlated with the absence of endodeoxyribonuclease activity in the nuclei of that clone. Characterization of the activity affected identifies a calcium-dependent, DNase I-like endonuclease of approximately 40 kDa, normally present constitutively in all cell nuclei, as the enzyme responsible for genome digestion associated with CTL-mediated cell death. These observations indicate that neither genome digestion per se nor its consequences [such as activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] are essential for cell death resulting from the triggering of this cell suicide process.
Vitamin A and iron status are improved by vitamin A and iron supplementation in pregnant Indonesian women.

In Indonesia deficiencies of vitamin A and iron are of public health concern during pregnancy. We sought to determine the effects of vitamin A and iron supplementation on the vitamin A and iron status of pregnant Indonesian women. The women (n = 27) were randomly assigned to four groups. The modified relative dose response (MRDR) test for vitamin A status and hemoglobin hematocrit and ferritin values were determined at baseline. Thereafter daily supplements were administered: placebo [Pl] (n = 7) 8.4 µmol vitamin A [A] (n = 7) 1.07 mmol iron [Fe] (n = 5) and 8.4 µmol vitamin A plus 1.07 mmol iron [A + Fe] (n = 8). Post-treatment tests were performed after 8 wk. The MRDR value was reduced i.e. vitamin A status improved more markedly by the combination of vitamin A and iron than by either nutrient alone (P < 0.034). The decrease in the MRDR relative to baseline was significant in the A + Fe group (P < 0.008). Iron status was also significantly improved in these women (P = 0.05) with both iron and vitamin A supplementation. The mechanism of the enhancing effect of iron on the vitamin A–induced reduction in the MRDR is not known. (authors)
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesions precipitated by griseofulvin.

Abstract Skin eruptions with features of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus occurred in a patient -with dermatomyositis who was taking griseofulvin. The patient had antibodies against SSA/Ro and SSB/La antigens. Skin rashes disappeared after discontinuation of griseofulvin and recurred on challenge with the drug. These findings support previous studies that the photoactive drug may be synergistic with anti-SSA/Ro antibody to produce lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
LARGE SCALE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE SYNTHESIS: INTERACTIVE STRATEGY

Large scale network architecture design problems are described in this paper. The networking cost study is provided and the difficulties of analysis or the problem under consideration are discussed. The idea of continuous parameterization of a combinatorial problem and the notion of pretopology are introduced. Quantitative methods of transmission optimization and transmission-awitching analysis are studied from different points of view. Many other aspects of large scale network architecture design problems (capacities and reliabilities improvement, detailed algorithms, etc) are beyond the scope of this paper. Some of them will be described, analyzed and discussed in forthcoming papers.
Regional and local hydrogeology of calcareous fens in the Minnesota River basin, USA

Six calcareous fens in the Minnesota River Basin, USA are in regional hydrogeologic settings with large discharges of calcareous ground water. These settings juxtapose topographically high areas of ground-water recharge with fens in lower areas of discharge, thus creating steep upward hydraulic gradients at the fens. Coarse glacial deposits with high permeability connect recharge areas to discharge areas and transmit large amounts of ground water to the fens. Calcareous fens in the Minnesota River Basin are associated with two regional landforms, river terraces and glacial moraines. The calcareous drift is the likely source of carbonate for the fens; carbonate bedrock is not required. Five of the calcareous fens form peat aprons over broad areas of diffuse ground-water discharge on river terraces. One of the calcareous fens is a peat dome over an aquifer window, a relatively small area (about 15-m radius) of localized ground-water discharge through a breach in the clayey confining layer of the underlying aquifer. Carbonate content of calcareous fen peat averaged about 27% (calcium carbonate equivalent, dry weight basis) in the surface layer, which commonly overlies a carbonate-depleted zone with a carbonate content of 10% or less. Hydraulic conductivity (K) of calcareous fen peat determined from slug tests ranged from 2.7×10−7 to 9.8×10−5 m s−1 and had a geometric mean of 3.8×10−6 m s−1. These values likely underestimate the true horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and overestimate the true vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) because of errors in assumptions commonly used in slug-test analyses. Median (over time) hydraulic heads in wells screened below the base of the peat ranged from about 25 to 69 cm above the peat surface. Upward vertical gradients (dimensionless) through the peat ranged from 0.040 to 0.209. Vertical ground-water discharge was calculated by Darey’s Law and ranged from 2 to 172 L m−2 d−1. Because of bias in estimating Kv, these values likely overestimate the true vertical ground-water discharge and indicate the importance of better field methods to estimate K, especially Kv. Calcareous fens may need water tables sustained near the peat surface by large vertical ground-water discharges to allow carbonate precipitation, which is associated with the rare fen vegetation.
In vivo 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid administration to neonatal rats selectively inhibits metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptors ex vivo in brain slices

Abstract In previous work we found that 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid, the β-phosphono-substituted analog of aspartic acid, is a selective in vitro inhibitor of the excitatory amino acid agonist [ibotenate, quisqualate, trans(±)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD)]-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Here we investigated if the inhibitory effects of 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid on metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptors could be observed in the ex vivo brain slice following in vivo administration to neonatal rats. In vitro addition of 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid noncompetitively antagonized trans-ACPD-stimulated [3H]phosphoinositide hydrolysis in hippocampal slices from 9-day-old rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) for two consecutive days (at 7 and 8 days of age) also produced dose-related inhibition of trans-ACPD-stimulated [3H]phosphomositide hydrolysis in hippocampal slices from 9-day-old rats. 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (500 mg/kg × 2) inhibited quisqualate, ibotenate, and glutamate activations of [3H]phosphoinositide hydrolysis, but had no effect on carbachol or norepinephrine stimulations. Thus, multiple in vivo dosing with 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid produces selective inhibition of excitatory amino acid, but not nonexcitatory amino acid receptors coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid dosing could be used to inhibit the metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptor in vivo to study its function in the developing brain.