cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shape and Enlightenment: Reconstruction and Recognition under Variable Illumination

Due to illumination variability, the same object can appear dramatically different even when viewed in fixed pose, and this variability can confound recognition systems. This paper summarizes recent work on developing appearance-based methods for modeling the variability due to illumination in the images of objects. They differ from past appearance-based methods, however, in that a small set of training images is used to generate a representation — the illumination cone — which models the complete set of images of an object with Lambertian reflectance map under an arbitrary combination of point light sources at infinity. From a few images of an object in fixed pose but varying and unknown lighting, a surface and albedo map are reconstructed up to a family of affine (generalized bas-relief or GBR) deformations, and the cone representation is derived from this GBR surface. The methods have been tested within the domain of face recognition on two databases, one with 660 images of 10 faces in fixed pose but variable lighting, and one with 1350 images of 10 faces with variable pose and lighting; the results exceed those of popular existing methods.
Frontal plane fractures of the accessory carpal bone and implications for the carpal sheath of the digital flexor tendons.

SummaryReasons for performing study Accurate radiological and ultrasonographic descriptions of frontal plane fractures of the accessory carpal bone (ACB) are lacking, and implications of these fractures for the carpal sheath and its contents have not previously been reported. Objectives Aims were as follows: 1) to describe the location and radiological features of frontal plane fractures of the ACB; 2) to document communication of displaced fractures with the carpal sheath and consequent injury to the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT); 3) to describe ultrasonographic identification of lesions; and 4) to report tenoscopic evaluation and treatment. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Analysis of frontal plane fractures of the ACB referred to a single hospital between 2006 and 2012, including review of radiographic, ultrasonographic and tenoscopic images. Results Nine fractures were identified, of which 8 displaced fractures all communicated with the carpal sheath. Comminuted fragments and/or protruding fracture margins lacerated the lateral margin of the enclosed DDFT. This was identifiable ultrasonographically and confirmed at tenoscopy in 7 cases. Treatment in these horses consisted of removal of torn tendon tissue together with fragmentation and protuberant fracture edges, and 7 of 7 cases returned to work. One horse with a nondisplaced fracture was managed with immobilisation; the fracture healed, and the horse returned to work. One horse with a displaced fracture was retired to stud. Conclusions Frontal plane fractures of the ACB occur palmar to the groove in its lateral margin for the tendon of insertion of ulnaris lateralis. Comminuted fragments can displace distally within the carpal sheath to a mid-metacarpal level or abaxially to lie extrathecally, lateral to the parent bone. Displaced fractures communicate with the carpal sheath and traumatise the DDFT.
Akt mediated mitochondrial protection in the heart: metabolic and survival pathways to the rescue

Cardiomyocyte death is now recognized as a critical factor in the development of heart disease. Mitochondria are not only responsible for energy production to ensure that cardiac output meets the body’s energy demands, but they serve as critical integrators of cell survival signals. Numerous stressors are known to induce cell death by necrosis and/or apoptosis mediated through mitochondrial dysregulation. Anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis by controlling mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, whereas opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PT-pore) induces large amplitude permeability of the inner membrane and consequent rupture of the outer membrane. Akt is one of the best described survival kinases activated by receptor ligands and its activation preserves mitochondrial integrity and protects cardiomyocytes against necrotic and apoptotic death. The mechanisms responsible for Akt-mediated mitochondrial protection have not been fully elucidated. There is, however, accumulating evidence that multiple Akt target molecules, recruited through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, directly impinge upon and protect mitochondria. In this review we discuss mechanisms by which Akt activation can effect changes at the mitochondria that protect cardiomyocytes and attenuate pathophysiological responses of the heart.
New and Early Professionals in Counseling Psychology Issues in Various Settings

The type of employment setting chosen by counseling psychologists has been in flux during recent years. This issue of The Counseling Psychologist examines the issues encountered by new and early counseling psychologists employed in five settings. The settings examined are those that counseling psychology graduate students indicate they most prefer for their initial employment. In this issue, the authors, all of whom are new and early professionals, responded to the same set of stimulus questions about the professional and personal issues they encountered. This article provides an overview of the issues faced by new and early counseling psychologists, regardless of their employment setting.
Stiffness Coefficients for Embedded Footings

Static stiffness coefficients, evaluated through a finite element analysis, are presented for rigid circular and strip footings embedded in an elastic stratum that rests on an undeformable base. In addition, a simplified method is presented for computing stiffness coefficients for footings that bear on layered media. Results indicate that while the depth of embedment significantly affects the stiffness coefficient for circular footings, the thickness of the stratum is less important. In the case of strip footings, however, the thickness of the stratum is more influential than the depth of embedment for all except the rocking mode. The differences in stiffness coefficients pertaining to circular and strip footings are important when selecting values for actual foundations of more general planform.
Bottling fog? The quest for instructional management

Elsewhere, the authors have unpacked instructional leadership and have documented that such leadership is associated with more effective schools. Indeed, there has been for a considerable time nearly universal acceptance that learning-centered leadership should provide the central platform on which leadership is enacted. In this paper, a less sanguine narrative is provided on instructional management. Specifically, it documents that for all the evidence and recognition of importance, learning-focused leadership remains a small domain of action for leaders at the school and district levels. It then focuses on both the culture of the profession of school administration and the nature of schooling to explain why in the face of considerable energy and effort only marginal improvements have been realized in deepening instructional leadership. It closes with an analysis of possible paths going forward.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CONCESSION BARGAINING AND LABOR-MANAGEMENT COOPERATION

In the last few years, much attention has been focused on collective bargaining's adaptation to severe economic adversity. The recent recession has prompted union-negotiated concessions of unpreced...
A Comparative Study of the Appendages of the Eighth and Ninth Abdominal Segments of Insects

This is a preliminary paper intended to establish the interordinal homologies of the genital appendages of insects more accurately and with greater certainty than has been possible in the past Much additional work on the subject is desirable in practically all of the orders of insects. While this paper was intended primarily as a study of the male gemtalia, it has been found necessary to consider first the structures of the ovipositor of female insects. Here the homologies appear to be relatively easily understood, and with the exception of one or two points, most authors agree in their interpretation of them Except where it seems advisable to use other names, the terminology employed by Snodgrass (1935) has been followed in this paper.
Monitoring Results of Individual Dose among X-ray Images Workers in Medical Institutions of Shaoyang City during 2004—2007

[Objective]To understand individual dose levels among X-ray images workers in medical institutions of shaoyang city.[Methods]Individual dose monitoring was conducted on X-ray images operators from 93 medical institutions. Microsoft office Excel 2003 was adopted to statistically analyze the monitoring data. [Results]A total of 763 person times of individual dose monitoring were conducted during 2004—2007, 742 (97.2%) person times of annual individual dose5 mSv; annual individual average dose equivalent was 0. 86 mSv, which was significantly lower than the state exposure limit values(50 mSv) (u=592.76,P0.01)and the annual individual average dose equivalent of China 1.29 mSv (u=5.18,P0.01), and closed to annual individual average dose equivalent of 1.000 mSv (u=1.69,P0.05)in radiation workers of Hunan Province. Individual average dose equivalent of radiation workers in third-class, second-class and below second-class medical institutions was 0.46、0.73 and 1.12 mSv (F0.05(2.760)=3.44,P0.05) mSv respectively.[Conclusion]The general status of annual individual average dose equivalent of X-ray images workers in Shaoyang is lower, We should strengthenradiological protection.work of the basic unit medical institutions the surveillance and the management. Supervision and management on radiological Protection in medical institution of grassroots should be strengthened.
KCMBT: a k-mer Counter based on Multiple Burst Trees

MOTIVATION A massive number of bioinformatics applications require counting of k-length substrings in genetically important long strings. A k-mer counter generates the frequencies of each k-length substring in genome sequences. Genome assembly, repeat detection, multiple sequence alignment, error detection and many other related applications use a k-mer counter as a building block. Very fast and efficient algorithms are necessary to count k-mers in large data sets to be useful in such applications. RESULTS We propose a novel trie-based algorithm for this k-mer counting problem. We compare our devised algorithm k-mer Counter based on Multiple Burst Trees (KCMBT) with available all well-known algorithms. Our experimental results show that KCMBT is around 30% faster than the previous best-performing algorithm KMC2 for human genome dataset. As another example, our algorithm is around six times faster than Jellyfish2. Overall, KCMBT is 20-30% faster than KMC2 on five benchmark data sets when both the algorithms were run using multiple threads. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION KCMBT is freely available on GitHub: (https://github.com/abdullah009/kcmbt_mt). CONTACT rajasek@engr.uconn.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Racial Influences on Diabetes Management among Adults in North Carolina

OBJECTIVE : To examine the impact race and socioeconomic status (SES) has on diabetes management among adults in North Carolina. DESIGN : Our study utilized data from the 2008 BRFSS to conduct a retrospective study and secondary data analysis. To account for the multistage survey design of BRFSS, SAS/SUDAAN was used to calculate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the impact race and SES has on diabetes management among North Carolina adults. RESULTS : The majority of the participants (63.34%) did not have good diabetes management based on the education and blood glucose criteria of our study. Non-Whites had higher odds than Whites to have good diabetes management practices (OR = 1.56, CI: 1.19, 2.03). Individuals who were low SES had poorer diabetes management than individuals who were identified as being high SES (OR = .81, CI: .60, 1.09). CONCLUSIONS : Disparities in good diabetes management practices were found among the variables of race, and SES. Findings from the study indicate that non-White adults had higher odds of good diabetes management practices than Whites in North Carolina. The results of this study could be used for policies and recommendations for health organizations. If health insurance policies required diabetes education classes a reduction in diabetes complications may be observed. Future studies should have a more accurate measurement of diabetes management; proxy measures were used in this study that relied on self-report and may not have provided the best measurement for diabetes management. ( Ethn Dis . 2013;23[3]:316–321)
Current management of childhood solid tumors

A significant improvement in survival of children with embryonal malignancies has been achieved in the past decade. The most important factor influencing these results has been the use of aggressive combined treatment including operative extirpation, regional radiation therapy, and prolonged courses of chemotherapy.
On the morphology and life history ofLecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1901 (Digenea, Hemiuroidea)

A previously undescribed cystophorous cercaria, which develops in the pyramidellid opisthobrachOdostomia eulimoides Hanley, was experimentally shown to be, the cercaria ofLecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Luhe, 1901, a common digenean in the intestine of marine teleosts in the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. The immotile cercariae are ingested by calanoid copepods. Pressure by the mouth parts triggers delivery tube eversion, with consequent injection of the cercarial body into the haemocoel.Acartia sp.,Pseudocalanus elongatus andCentropages hamatus were experimentally infected, but the metacercariae became infective only inAcartia sp. The stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatus, was the experimental final host. The infective cercaria ofL. gibbosus differs from that ofL. confusus Odhner, 1905, which develops inO. trifida (Totten), in that the former has a double-layered, swollen caudal cyst and a longer delivery tube. The cercaria, metacercaria and adults ofL. gibbosus are described by means of interference contrast, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Channel polarization and Blackwell measures

The Blackwell measure of a binary-input channel (BIC) is the distribution of the posterior probability of 0 under the uniform input distribution. This paper gives an explicit characterization of the evolution of the Blackwell measure of an arbitrary symmetric BIC under Arikan's polarization transform, and uses this characterization to provide a unifying set of techniques for studying the polarization phenomenon.
Spatial heterogeneity in zooplankton summer distribution in the eastern Chukchi Sea in 2012–2013 as a result of large-scale interactions of water masses

Abstract Interest in the Arctic shelf ecosystems has increased in recent years as the climate has rapidly warmed and sea ice declined. These changing conditions prompted the broad-scale multidisciplinary Arctic Ecosystem integrated survey (Arctic Eis) aimed at systematic, comparative analyses of interannual variability of the shelf ecosystem. In this study, we compared zooplankton composition and geographical distribution in relation to water properties on the eastern Chukchi and northern Bering Sea shelves during the summers of 2012 and 2013. In 2012, waters of Pacific origin prevailed over the study area carrying expatriate oceanic species (e.g. copepods Neocalanus spp., Eucalanus bungii) from the Bering Sea outer shelf well onto the northeastern Chukchi shelf. In contrast, in 2013, zooplankton of Pacific origin was mainly distributed over the southern Chukchi shelf, suggesting a change of advection pathways into the Arctic. These changes also manifested in the emergence of large lipid-rich Arctic zooplankton (e.g. Calanus hyperboreus) on the northeastern Chukchi shelf in 2013. The predominant copepod Calanus glacialis was composed of two distinct populations originating from the Bering Sea and from the Arctic, with the Arctic population expanding over a broader range in 2013. The observed interannual variability in zooplankton distribution on the Chukchi Sea shelf may be explained by previously described systematic oceanographic patterns derived from long-term observations. Variability in oceanic circulation and related zooplankton distributions (e.g. changes in southwestward advection of C. hyperboreus) may impact keystone predators such as Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida) that feed on energy-rich zooplankton.
A novel switchable pin method for regulating power in chip-multiprocessor

Abstract Transistor scaling has allowed a large number of circuits to be integrated into integrated circuit (IC) chips implemented in nanometer CMOS technology nodes. However, dark silicon which signifies for under-utilized circuitry will become dominant in future chips due to limited thermal design power (TDP). Furthermore, large voltage loss due to complex routing and placement will also degrade the performance of ICs. In addition, effectively managing power dissipation in a packaged chip is one of the major issues of IC design. Previous work done by our group mainly focused on RCL simulation and elementary IC simulation, this work not only builds on power delivery network (PDN), but also designs switchable pin working for two cores at the layout level. The essence of our idea is to supply power to the chip using traditional I/O pads. In order to balance power supply and I/O bandwidth, we set several groups of parallel switchable pins between the core and memory such that I/O pads can dynamically switch between two modes which are data transmission and power supply. To remove the risk that large current going through I/O pad breaks down the pad frame, we redesigned traditional I/O pad to operate in bi-direction. Using TSMC CMOS 180 nm process for the design and simulation, our test results show that the proposed switchable pin can well compensate voltage loss in chip multiprocessor, and transfer time of two modes is very short. For data transmission, we perform a sensitivity study to explore the impact brought by switchable pins. Our simulation results demonstrate that performance degradation is in acceptable range when the switchable pins are added to the chip-multiprocessor.
Techniques for Uncertainty Analysis of Complex Measurement Processes

This article relates lessons that are useful in the analysis of uncertainties in a complex measurement process, through a case study. It distinguishes between the settings for confidence intervals and those for prediction intervals. It illustrates testi..
The response of soil and stream chemistry to decreases in acid deposition in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA

Abstract The Catskill Mountains have been adversely impacted by decades of acid deposition, however, since the early 1990s, levels have decreased sharply as a result of decreases in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. This study examines trends in acid deposition, stream-water chemistry, and soil chemistry in the southeastern Catskill Mountains. We measured significant reductions in acid deposition and improvement in stream-water quality in 5 streams included in this study from 1992 to 2014. The largest, most significant trends were for sulfate (SO 4 2− ) concentrations (mean trend of −2.5 μeq L −1 yr −1 ); hydrogen ion (H + ) and inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al im ) also decreased significantly (mean trends of −0.3 μeq L −1 yr −1 for H + and −0.1 μeq L −1 yr −1 for Al im for the 3 most acidic sites). Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased by a mean of 0.65 μeq L −1 yr −1 for all 5 sites, which was 4 fold less than the decrease in SO 4 2− concentrations. These upward trends in ANC were limited by coincident decreases in base cations (−1.3 μeq L −1 yr −1 for calcium + magnesium). No significant trends were detected in stream-water nitrate (NO 3 − ) concentrations despite significant decreasing trends in NO 3 − wet deposition. We measured no recovery in soil chemistry which we attributed to an initially low soil buffering capacity that has been further depleted by decades of acid deposition. Tightly coupled decreasing trends in stream-water silicon (Si) (−0.2 μeq L −1 yr −1 ) and base cations suggest a decrease in the soil mineral weathering rate. We hypothesize that a decrease in the ionic strength of soil water and shallow groundwater may be the principal driver of this apparent decrease in the weathering rate. A decreasing weathering rate would help to explain the slow recovery of stream pH and ANC as well as that of soil base cations.
Knee Osteoarthritis: A Primer

The purpose of this article is to provide a synopsis of the current medical understanding of knee osteoarthritis. We describe the prevalence, causes and associated risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and classification, and treatment options. A quiz serves to assist readers in their understanding of the presented material.
It’s Up to the Librarians: Establishing A Statewide OER Initiative

Academic librarians increasingly adopt roles as campus leaders to promote the adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) and other strategies to encourage making textbook affordability for students an institutional priority. When it comes to a statewide strategy to support academic library efforts for textbook affordability, Pennsylvania is lagging more progressive states such as Oregon, Georgia, Ohio, Virginia and Louisiana. This article makes a case for and lays out a strategy by which Pennsylvania’s academic librarians can develop a statewide initiative to tackle the challenge of textbook affordability together in order to achieve substantial progress.
Combining allele frequency and tree-based approaches improves phylogeographic inference from natural history collections.

Model selection approaches in phylogeography have allowed researchers to evaluate the support for competing demographic histories, which provides a mode of inference and a measure of uncertainty in understanding climatic and spatial influences on intraspecific diversity. Here, to rank all models in the comparison set and determine what proportion of the total support the top-ranked model garners, we conduct model selection using two analytical approaches-allele frequency-based, implemented in fastsimcoal2, and gene tree-based, implemented in phrapl. We then expand this model selection framework by including an assessment of absolute fit of the models to the data. For this, we utilize DNA isolated from existing natural history collections that span the distribution of red alder (Alnus rubra) in the Pacific Northwest of North America to generate genomic data for the evaluation of 13 demographic scenarios. The quality of DNA recovered from herbarium specimen leaf tissue was assessed for its utility and effectiveness in demographic model selection, specifically in the two approaches mentioned. We present strong support for the use of herbarium tissue in the generation of genomic DNA, albeit with the inclusion of additional quality control checks prior to library preparation and analyses with multiple approaches that incorporate various data. Analyses with allele frequency spectra and gene trees predominantly support A. rubra having experienced an ancient vicariance event with intermittent and frequent gene flow between the disjunct populations. Additionally, the data consistently fit the most frequently selected model, corroborating the model selection techniques. Finally, these results suggest that the A. rubra disjunct populations do not represent separate species.
Escherichia coli Subtilase Cleaves Cell Surface GRP78 Preventing COOH-Terminal Domain Signaling

Abstract Glucose Regulated Protein 78,000 (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone that performs critical functions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, GRP78 is aberrantly expressed on the cell surface of many different types of tumor cells, and it is also a poor prognostic indicator as an autoantigen in many cancers, including prostate cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Cell surface GRP78 also acts as a receptor for Dengue virus and Coxsackie A9 virus, and may be involved in Zika virus infection. Currently, there are no methods to disrupt cell surface GRP78 without disrupting cellular GRP78. This makes it difficult to study the function of cell surface GRP78, as general knockdown of GRP78 leads to poor cell survival. Here, we report that the catalytic subunit (SubA) of the Escherichia coli Subtilase cytotoxin specifically cleaves cell surface GRP78 without affecting intracellular GRP78. We show that the predicted COOH-terminal 28 kDa fragment of GRP78 is released into the cell culture media as a result of SubA treatment and that signaling through the COOH-terminal is abrogated, whereas signaling through the NH2-terminal is unaffected. These experiments shed light on the cell-surface topology of GRP78 and also demonstrate that the COOH-terminal of GRP78 is necessary for the transduction of the proapoptotic signal that occurs upon ligation with COOH-terminal antibodies. Moreover, we show that SubA is a powerful tool that can be used to probe the functions of cell surface GRP78.
Modeling of Proteins and Their Interactions with Solvent

Sickle cell anemia is the first disease whose cause was pinpointed at a genetic level. Hydrophobic interaction is the main cause for sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) sticking to itself. Interaction of water with hydrophobic objects plays a major role in molecular self-assembly processes[1-3], as well in the process of aggregation of hemoglobin S. In this chapter, slow motion analysis and model reduction methods were employed for the study of hemoglobin-hemoglobin interaction. Through this study, a new computational framework was presented for calculating the normal modes and interactions of proteins, macromolecular assemblies, and surrounding solvents. The framework employs a combination of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It enables the capture and visualization of the molecules’ normal modes and interactions over time scales that are computationally challenging, providing a starting point for experimental and further computational studies of protein conformational changes. We hope that the modeling protocols or procedures established for this known pathology will eventually shed some light on other complex biological systems that are not well known.
Abstract 4749: VISTA immune checkpoint deregulation in human triple-negative breast cancer

Immunotherapy for breast cancer has lagged behind the advances in other tumor types, suggesting the need for novel immune targets. VISTA/PD-1H is a checkpoint receptor expressed on immune cells that is an effective anti-cancer target in mouse models and now in early human clinical trials. We utilized an in vitro system to examine epigenetic changes arising early after depletion of breast cancer tumor suppressor proteins. This demonstrates that epigenetic alterations occur in normal human mammary cell lines lacking BRCA2 and result in regulation of VISTA through an NF-kB-dependent pathway. VISTA is strongly induced by growth factor limitation, an effect that is blunted by BRCA2-induced NF-kB activation and binding to a kB site in the VISTA promoter. This suggests that repression of VISTA may be an early consequence of BRCA2 depletion in pre-neoplastic tissues leading to immune infiltration. In contrast, in primary, untreated human triple-negative breast cancers, VISTA is over-expressed on tumor cells, independent of its presence on immune cells. VISTA positive TNBCs (14%) have significantly increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) whereas VISTA strong positive TNBCs (6%) have significantly decreased TILs and tumor PD-L1 staining, suggesting a higher level of immunosuppression. Gene expression and tumor genomics in TNBCs suggests that transcriptional networks to regulate physiologic immunoreceptor levels are corrupted during malignant transformation. In summary, this work identifies a BRCA2-loss-of-function signaling pathway that regulates an important immune checkpoint molecule via NF-kB activation in pre-neoplastic tissues and triple-negative breast cancers with important consequences for the immune microenvironment. We expect these observations to enhance immunotherapeutics for breast cancer. Citation Format: Joshua J. Gruber, Marisa M. Juntilla, Soo-Ryum Yang, Benjamin Geller, Natalie Jager, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrew M. Lipchik, Justin Chen, Ashwin Ram, Shaveta Vinayak, Melinda L. Telli, Robert B. West, James M. Ford, Michael P. Snyder. VISTA immune checkpoint deregulation in human triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4749.
Increasing Electrical and Thermal Performances of VRMs by Using Folded Flexible Substrate

Electrical and thermal performance of rigid PCB based voltage regulator modules (VRMs) are modeled and simulated with FEA Multiphysics simulation tool. Then, a new concept of building power converters on folded flexible substrates is proposed to solve the issues existing in previous solutions. The newly proposed concept is then analyzed, simulated and compared with previous ones. A converter phase block implements the proposed concept was designed, built and tested. Test result shows at 2.5MHz, 12V to 1.2V 40A operation, the proposed converter can achieve 62.5A/cm2 planar power density and the measured module temperature is only 3.06°C above heat sink temperature.
Assessment of a Targeted Electronic Health Record Intervention to Reduce Telemetry Duration: A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Physicians frequently use cardiac monitoring, or telemetry, beyond the duration recommended by published practice standards, resulting in “alarm fatigue” and excess cost. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between multicomponent quality improvement interventions and safe reduction of telemetry duration. Objective To determine if a single-component intervention, a targeted electronic health record (EHR) alert, could achieve similar gains to multicomponent interventions and safely reduce unnecessary monitoring. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster-randomized clinical trial was conducted between November 2016 and May 2017 on the general medicine service of the Division of Hospital Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center and included physicians of 12 inpatient medical teams (6 intervention, 6 control). Interventions The EHR alert was randomized to half of the teams on the general medicine service. The alert displayed during daytime hours when physicians attempted to place an order for patients not in the intensive care unit whose telemetry order duration exceeded the recommended duration for a given indication. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was telemetry monitoring hours per hospitalization, which was measured using time-stamped orders data from the EHR database. Physician responses to the alert were collected using EHR reporting tools. The potential adverse outcomes of rapid-response calls and medical emergency events were measured by counting the notes documenting these events in the EHR. Results Of the 1021 patients included in this study, in the intervention arm, there was a mean (SD) age of 64.5 (18.9) and 215 (45%) were women; in the control arm, there was a mean (SD) age of 63.8 (19.1) and 249 (46%) were women. The 12 teams were stratified to 8 house-staff teams and 4 hospitalist teams, with 499 hospitalizations analyzed in the intervention arm and 567 hospitalizations analyzed in the control arm. The alert prompted a significant reduction in telemetry monitoring duration (−8.7 hours per hospitalization; 95% CI, −14.1 to −3.5 hours;P = .001) with no significant change in rapid-response calls or medical emergency events. The most common physician response to the alert was to discontinue telemetry monitoring (62% of 200 alerts). Conclusions and Relevance A targeted EHR alert can safely and successfully reduce cardiac monitoring by prompting discontinuation when appropriate. This single-component electronic intervention is less resource intensive than typical multicomponent interventions that include human resources. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02529176
Spanish Language Children and Teen Books Focusing on Human Sexuality and Reproductive Health

ABSTRACTTalking to children and teens about sexuality is difficult for most parents, especially for those whose primary language is Spanish. Teens who come to the United States from Spanish speaking countries are also at a disadvantage because of a language barrier. Many times there is a lack of high quality Spanish materials that have been reviewed on the topic of sex and reproductive health. There are serious consequences of unplanned teen pregnancies to communities such as poverty, low educational attainment and other health disparities. This bibliography reviews human sexuality titles in Spanish for both children and teens. Professionals in the healthcare or medical libraries, school librarians, public librarians and academic librarians will find this bibliography valuable for the purposes of educating the public and developing their institution’s collection.
Digital Patient Education and Decision Aids

New technologies can do more than just digitize health information; they can support multimedia platforms for patient education and health decision support. Technology can simplify the way health decisions are made by offering quick access to a vast amount of information that can be tailored to specific populations. Digital tools can increase knowledge and assist consumers in comparing health care alternatives. They are well received by patients because of the myriad features that render them visually appealing and entertaining, including audiovisual and interactive elements. To be effective, however, digital tools must be evidence based and developed following quality standards.
Gyrokinetic simulations of m = 0 mode in sheared flow Z-pinch plasmas

Axisymmetric stability properties of sheared flow Z-pinch plasmas are studied by making use of the gyrokinetic approximation in the long-wavelength limit. Numerical simulations are carried out with the high-order finite-volume code COntinuum Gyrokinetic Edge New Technology (COGENT) and are analyzed for the parameters characteristic of the FuZE experiment. Reduction of the linear growth rate with increasing shear is observed, and the results are elucidated by making use of a local dispersion relation analysis. In addition, COGENT simulations are compared with fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, and with an ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. Good agreement between the gyrokinetic and fully kinetic results for the linear stability is found, with the gyrokinetic model requiring much less computational time due to its ability to step over particle gyroperiod. The ideal MHD model is found to be consistent with the kinetic models in the long-wavelength part of the spectra (kρi), while failing to adequately predict short-scale (kρi) stability. Here, k is the axial wavelength vector and ρi is the ion gyroradius.
Plant functional traits and microbes vary with position on striped periglacial patterned ground at Glacier National Park, Montana

The retreating snowfields and glaciers of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, present alpine plants with changes in habitat and hydrology. The adjacent and relic periglacial patterned ground consists of solifluction terraces of green, vegetation-rich stripes alternating with sparsely vegetated brown stripes. We established georeferenced transects on striped periglacial patterned ground for long-term monitoring and data collection on species distribution and plant functional traits at Siyeh Pass and at Piegan Pass at Glacier National Park. We documented species distribution and calculated the relative percent cover (RPC) of qualitative functional traits and used 16S rRNA from soil samples to characterize microbial distribution on green and brown stripes. Plant species distribution varied significantly and there were key differences in microbial distribution between the green and brown stripes. The rare arctic-alpine plants Draba macounii, Papaver pygmaeum, and Sagina nivalis were restricted to brown stripes, where the RPC of xeromorphic taprooted species was significantly higher at the leading edge of the Siyeh Pass snowfield. Brown stripes had a higher percentage of the thermophilic bacteria Thermacetogenium and Thermoflavimicrobium. Green stripes were co-dominated by the adventitiously-rooted dwarf shrubs Salix arctica and the possibly N-fixing Dryas octopetala. Green stripes were inhabited by Krummholz and seedlings of Abies lasiocarpa and Pinus albicaulus. Prosthecobacter, a hydrophilic bacterial genus, was more abundant on the green stripes, which had 6,524 bacterial sequences in comparison to the 1,183 sequences from the brown stripes. While further research can determine which functional traits are critical for these plants, knowledge of the current distribution of plant species and their functional traits can be used in predictive models of the responses of alpine plants to disappearing snowfields and glaciers. This research is important in conservation of rare arctic-alpine species on periglacial patterned ground.
Job Satisfaction Among Academic Family Physicians.

Background and objectives Family physicians report some of the highest rates of burnout among their physician peers. Over the past few years, this rate has increased and work-life balance has decreased. In academic medicine, many report lack of career satisfaction and have considered leaving academia. Our aim was to explore the factors that contribute to job satisfaction and burnout in faculty members in a family medicine department. Methods Six academic family medicine clinics were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Focus groups were conducted to allow for free-flowing, rich dialogue between the moderator and the physician participants. Transcripts were analyzed in a systematic manner by independent investigators trained in grounded theory. The constant comparison method was used to code and synthesize the qualitative data. Results Six main themes emerged: time (62%), benefits (9%), resources (8%), undervalue (8%), physician well-being (7%), and practice demand (6%). Within the main theme of time, four subthemes emerged: administrative tasks/emails (61%), teaching (17%), electronic medical records (EMR) requirements (13%), and patient care (9%). Conclusions Academic family physicians believe that a main contributor to job satisfaction is time. They desire more resources, like staff, to assist with increasing work demands. Overall, they enjoy the academic primary care environment. Future directions would include identifying the specific time restraints that prevent them from completing tasks, the type of staff that would assist with the work demands, and the life stressors the physicians are experiencing.
Epigenetic Potential and DNA Methylation in an Ongoing House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Range Expansion

During range expansions, epigenetic mechanisms may mediate phenotypic responses to environmental cues, enabling organisms to adjust to novel conditions at novel sites. Here, we predicted that the number of CpG sites within the genome, one form of epigenetic potential, would be important for success during range expansions because DNA methylation can modulate gene expression and hence facilitate adaptive plasticity. Previously, we found that this same form of epigenetic potential was higher in introduced compared to native populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) for two immune genes (Toll-like receptors 2A and 4). Here, we took a reduced-representation sequencing approach (ddRadSeq and EpiRadSeq) to investigate how CpG site number, as well as resultant DNA methylation, varied across five sites in the ~70 year-old Kenyan house sparrow range expansion. We found that the number of CpG sites increased towards the vanguard of the invasion, even when accounting for variation in genetic diversity among sites. This pattern was driven by more losses of CpG sites towards the core of the invasion (the initial site of introduction). Across all sequenced loci, DNA methylation decreased but became more variable towards the range-edge. However, in the subset CpG sites proximal to mutated CpG sites, DNA methylation increased and variation declined. These results indicate that epigenetic potential influenced the Kenyan house sparrow range expansion, likely by providing greater phenotypic plasticity which is genetically assimilated as populations adapt to local conditions. Similar mechanisms might underlie the successes and failures of other natural and anthropogenic range expansions.
Membrane proteins in magnetically aligned phospholipid polymer discs for solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Abstract Well-hydrated phospholipid bilayers provide a near-native environment for membrane proteins. They enable the preparation of chemically-defined samples suitable for NMR and other spectroscopic experiments that reveal the structure, dynamics, and functional interactions of the proteins at atomic resolution. The synthetic polymer styrene maleic acid (SMA) can be used to prepare detergent-free samples that form macrodiscs with diameters greater than 30 nm at room temperature, and spontaneously align in the magnetic field of an NMR spectrometer at temperatures above 35 °C. Here we show that magnetically aligned macrodiscs are particularly well suited for solid-state NMR experiments of membrane proteins because the SMA-lipid assembly both immobilizes the embedded protein and provides uniaxial order for oriented sample (OS) solid-state NMR studies. We show that aligned macrodiscs incorporating four different membrane proteins with a wide range of sizes and topological complexity yield high-resolution OS solid-state NMR spectra. The work is dedicated to Michelle Auger who made key contributions to the field of membrane and membrane protein biophysics.
Magnetic Reconnection in the Ionosphere of Mars: The Role of Collisions

This is an excel data file for an analysis of NASA MAVEN date looking at magnetic reconnection in the ionosphere. It will accompany a later paper in the J. Geophysical Research on this topic.
Sensor-free Force Control of Tendon-driven Ablation Catheters through Position Control and Contact Modeling

In the present study, a sensor-free force control framework for tendon-driven steerable catheters was proposed and validated. The hypothesis of this study was that the contact force between the catheter tip and the tissue could be controlled using the estimated force with a previously validated displacement-based viscoelastic tissue model. The tissue model was used in a feedback control loop. The model estimated the contact force based on a realtime estimation of catheter-tissue indentation depth performed by a data-driven inverse kinematic model. To test the hypothesis, a tendon-driven catheter (ϕ6 × 40mm) and a robotic catheter intervention system were prototyped and characterized. Three validation studies were performed to test the performance of the proposed system with static and dynamic inputs. The results showed that the system was capable of reaching to the desired force with a root-mean-square error of 0.03 ± 0.02N for static tests and 0.05 ± 0.04N for dynamic inputs. The main contribution of this study was providing a computationally efficient and sensor-free force control schema for tendon-driven catheters.
Modeling ascending infection with a feto-maternal interface organ-on-chip

Maternal infection (i.e., ascending infection) and the resulting host inflammatory response are risk factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), a major pregnancy complication. However, the path of infection and its propagation from the maternal side to the fetal side have been difficult to study due to the lack of appropriate in vitro models and limitations of animal models. A better understanding of the propagation kinetics of infectious agents and development of the host inflammatory response at the feto-maternal (amniochorion-decidua, respectively) interface (FMi) is critical in curtailing host inflammatory responses that can lead to PTB. To model ascending infection and determine inflammatory responses at the FMi, we developed a microfluidic organ-on-chip (OOC) device containing primary cells from the FMi (decidua, chorion, and amnion [mesenchyme and epithelium]) and collagen matrix harvested from primary tissue. The FMi-OOC is composed of four concentric circular cell/collagen chambers designed to mimic the thickness and cell density of the FMi in vivo. Each layer is connected by arrays of microchannels filled with type IV collagen to recreate the basement membrane of the amniochorion. Cellular characteristics (viability, morphology, production of nascent collagen, cellular transitions, and migration) in the OOC were similar to those seen in utero, validating the physiological relevance and utility of the developed FMi-OOC. The ascending infection model of the FMi-OOC, triggered by exposing the maternal (decidua) side of the OOC to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng mL-1), shows that LPS propagated through the chorion, amnion mesenchyme, and reached the fetal amnion within 72 h. LPS induced time-dependent and cell-type-specific pro-inflammatory cytokine production (24 h decidua: IL-6, 48 h chorion: GM-CSF and IL-6, and 72 h amnion mesenchyme and epithelium: GM-CSF and IL-6). Collectively, this OOC model and study successfully modeled ascending infection, its propagation, and distinct inflammatory response at the FMi indicative of pathologic pathways of PTB. This OOC model provides a novel platform to study physiological and pathological cell status at the FMi, and is expected to have broad utility in the field of obstetrics.
SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cancer in a Large Integrated Health Care System in Northern California.

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect many lives globally. Patients with cancer undergoing potentially immunosuppressive therapies appear to be at particular risk for the disease and its complications. Here, we describe the experience of patients with cancer within Kaiser Permanente, a large, integrated health system in Northern California. Between February 25, 2020, and June 8, 2020, 4,627 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 33 had active cancer treatment within 180 days and 214 had a history of cancer. Patients with active cancer treatment had a statistically higher risk of requiring noninvasive ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; confidence interval [CI], 1.10-6.01), and there was a nonsignificant trend toward higher risk of death (OR, 2.78; CI, 0.92-8.43). Those with a history of cancer had comparable outcomes to those without cancer. These data demonstrate an increased risk of complications from COVID-19 for patients with active cancer treatment.
Trend in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Utilization, Price, and Out-of-Pocket Costs in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.

PURPOSE:Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved survival but is associated with significant financial burden. We measured the annual tren...