cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired hepatic reticuloendothelial bacterial clearance in fetal and newborn rats

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonate. This study evaluates the role of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES) in removing blood-borne bacteria in fetal, newborn, and suckling rats as compared to older rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in four groups: group I (n = 8) were fetuses studied at hysterotomy at 20 days' gestation (body wt. 5.1+/−0.4 g), group II (n = 10) 2-week-old suckling (body wt. 33.4+/−3.2 g), group III (n = 10) 4-week-old (body wt. 68.3+/−5.4 g), and group IV (n = 10) 6-week weanling rats (body wt. 140+/6 g). 35S-radiolabeled viable Escherichia coli (109 bacteria/ml) was injected according to body weight via the tail vein in groups II, III, and IV and via the umbilical vein in group I. At 10 min, bacterial distribution in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs was determined. Tissue samples (50–100 mg) from each organ were processed for liquid scintillation counting. The final distribution of bacteria was calculated from the input specific activity (dpm/bacteria) and expressed as mean percentage of injected viable E. coli per g tissue and per total organ weight. The ability of the liver RES of fetal and neonatal rats to remove blood-borne bacteria was impaired (61.4+/−2, 53.8+/−8.2%, respectively) compared to controls (74.6+/−8.0, P <0.001). This was compensated for by an increase in lung localization of bacteria. The lung has a relatively poor capacity to kill sequestered bacteria, which may play a role in the occurrence of bacterial re-emregence and systemic sepsis in the neonate.
SU(3) sum rules for charm decay

We present flavor SU(3) sum rules for D → PP and D → PV decay amplitudes, that are valid to second order in symmetry breaking by the strange quark mass spurion. Decay rate sum rules are also computed to this order. Particular attention is given to sum rules arising from the isospin and U-spin subgroups, the former providing sensitive tests for alternative sources of SU(3) breaking. We apply the latter together with the postulated ΔU = 0 rule for the large penguin picture to predict the ratio and difference of the direct CP asymmetries for D → KK ∗ and D → πρ.
Infrared Atmospheric Effects

The basic processes leading to the absorption, emission, and scattering of infrared radiation in the atmosphere below 70 km are briefly reviewed. The present ability to predict these effects is demonstrated by examples of computed infrared transmittance spectra obtained with low-resolution band model techniques and with high-resolution monochromatic techniques. Several examples are included of the experimental application of these techniques to the derivation of atmospheric composition and meteorological data from infrared observations.
SAFETY-CRITICAL WIDE AREA NETWORK PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

There has been a considerable amount of research in the area of network performance evaluation. However, little of the research is focused on the evaluation of real-time safety-critical WANs, a need that motivated this research. Over the years, networks have been evaluated by different disciplines from different perspectives. Many of these evaluations focus on network technical performance, or an organization's performance when using a network, or individual users' performance when using a network. In this study, network performance was measured using empirical data from an operational WAN and by utilizing well-defined and well-known network performance metrics such as reliability, availability, and response time. In general, increased use of a real-time WAN in this study was associated with negative impacts on WAN performance and increased redundancy was generally associated with positive impacts, allowing greater system usage and higher network workload, as intended. The impacts of increasing redundancy on MTBF were mixed, as were the MTTR impacts; availability values varied considerably by port. The network performance data thus shows mixed empirical results from increases in network usage and redundancy, which highlights the importance of managing and measuring network performance at both the system and the local level.
Profit incentive in a secondary spectrum market: A contract design approach

In this paper we formulate a contract design problem where a primary license holder wishes to profit from its excess spectrum capacity by selling it to potential secondary users/buyers. It needs to determine how to optimally price the excess spectrum so as to maximize its profit, knowing that this excess capacity is stochastic in nature, does not come with exclusive access, and cannot provide deterministic service guarantees to a buyer. At the same time, buyers are of different types, characterized by different communication needs, tolerance for the channel uncertainty, and so on, all of which a buyer's private information. The license holder must then try to design different contracts catered to different types of buyers in order to maximize its profit. We address this problem by adopting as a reference a traditional spectrum market where the buyer can purchase exclusive access with fixed/deterministic guarantees. We fully characterize the optimal solution in the cases where there is a single buyer type, and when multiple types of buyers share the same, known channel condition as a result of the primary user activity. In the most general case we construct an algorithm that generates a set of contracts in a computationally efficient manner, and show that this set is optimal when the buyer types satisfy a monotonicity condition.
A Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula

By analogy with the minimum-mass solar nebula, we construct a surface-density profile using the orbits of the 26 precise-Doppler planets found in multiple-planet systems: Σ = 2200 (a/1 AU)-β g cm-2, where a is the circumstellar radius and β = 2.0 ± 0.5. The minimum-mass solar nebula (β = 1.5) is consistent with this model, but the uniform-α accretion disk model (β ≈ 1) is not. In a nebula with β > 2, the center of the disk is the likely cradle of planet formation.
Finite Element Analysis of Multiphase Viscoelastic Solids

The dynamic correspondence principle of viscoelasticity is utilized in a finite element model to solve boundary value problems for obtaining global complex moduli of the composite
A note on superconformal N = 2 theories and orientifolds

We construct the T-duals of certain type IIA brane configurations with one compact dimension (elliptic models) which contain orientifold planes. These configurations realize four-dimensional N = 2 finite field theories. For elliptic models with two negatively charged orientifold six-planes, the T-duals are given by D3-branes at singularities in the presence of O7-planes and D7-branes. For elliptic models with two oppositely charged orientifold planes, the T-duals are D3-branes at a different kind of orientifold singularities, which do not require D7-branes. We construct the adequate orientifold groups, and show that the cancellation of twisted tadpoles is equivalent to the finiteness of the corresponding field theory. One family of models contains orthogonal and symplectic gauge factors at the same time. These new orientifolds can also be used to define some six-dimensional RG fixed points which have been discussed from the type IIA brane configuration perspective.
Hierarchically Nanoporous Zeolites and Their Heterogeneous Catalysis: Current Status and Future Perspectives

The research field of hierarchically nanoporous zeolites has been growing at an enormous pace over the past decades. Hierarchically nanoporous zeolites have versatile structural properties such as high surface area and large pore volume that can alleviate diffusional limitations of conventional zeolites with solely microporous framework. In this review, various synthesis strategies to hierarchically nanoporous zeolites and their structural advantages in catalytic reactions will be reviewed. In the first part, many novel synthetic approaches for hierarchically nanoporous zeolites such as post-demetallation, soft-templating, hard-templating, and dual-pore-generating surfactant-directed methods will be introduced. In the second part, catalytic applications of hierarchically nanoporous zeolites on various chemical reactions involving isomerization, cracking, alkylation and oxidation will be discussed. The present comprehensive review will provide future opportunities and perspectives on the research of hierarchically nanoporous zeolites including their applications to catalytic reactions.
Crystal growth of barium rhenates from hydroxide fluxes

Abstract Single crystals of two new barium rhenate compositions, Ba 16 Re 6 O 37 and Ba 10 Re 3 O 16 (OH) 3 , and of one new polymorph, orthorhombic Ba 5 Re 2 O 12 , were grown out of a barium hydroxide flux in sealed silver tubes. Ba 16 Re 6 O 37 and Ba 10 Re 3 O 16 (OH) 3 crystallize into the monoclinic C 2/ m system, with a = 20.577(4) A, b = 5.8897(10) A, c = 15.438 (3) A, β = 92.255(10) ° and a = 1938342(9) A, b = 5.8172(3) A, c = 10.2925(5) A, β = 91.7460(10) °, respectively. The orthorhombic polymorph of Ba 5 Re 2 O 12 crystallizes in the space group Pnma , with a = 19.6728(10) A, b = 5.8491(3) A and c = 10.4648(5) A. All the three crystal structures are related and consist of a framework of BaO x polyhedra (where x varies from six to twelve) with interpenetrating layers of ReO 6 octahedra.
Computational lexicology: a research program

Computational lexicology may be defined as the application of computers to the study of the lexicon. Taken in its broadest sense, it would be a multidisciplinary field involving the analysis of man-made dictionaries using computers to study their machine-readable text as well as a study of the computational linguistic content and organization of lexicons for use by natural-language processing programs.Computational lexicology is an emerging field of study for the 1980s being created by converging trends in other disciplines. This paper attempts to outline some of the applications that a knowledge of computational lexicology will facilitate and the possible means of extending such lexical knowledge.
A microscopic theory of gauge mediation

We construct models of indirect gauge mediation where the dynamics responsible for breaking supersymmetry simultaneously generates a weakly coupled subsector of messengers. This provides a microscopic realization of messenger gauge mediation where the messenger and hidden sector fields are unified into a single sector. The UV theory is SQCD with massless and massive quarks plus singlets, and at low energies it flows to a weakly coupled quiver gauge theory. One node provides the primary source of supersymmetry breaking, which is then transmitted to the node giving rise to the messenger fields. These models break R-symmetry spontaneously, produce realistic gaugino and sfermion masses, and give a heavy gravitino.
X-ray intensity interferometer for undulator radiation

Abstract Intensity interferometry is well established with visible light but has never been demonstrated with X-radiation. We propose to measure the transverse coherence of an X-ray beam using the method of Hanbury Brown and Twiss. The X-ray interferometer consists of an array of slits, a grazing incidence reflective beam splitter, a pair of fast multichannel plate detectors and a broadband, low-noise correlator circuit. The NSLS X1 or X13 soft X-ray undulator will supply the partially coherent X-rays. We are developing this technique to characterize the coherence properties of X-ray beams from high brilliance insertion devices at third-generation synchrotron light facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source and the Advanced Light Source.
Quantitative Excited State Spectroscopy of a Single InGaAs Quantum Dot Molecule through Multi-million Atom Electronic Structure Calculations

Atomistic electronic structure calculations are performed to study the coherent inter-dot couplings of the electronic states in a single InGaAs quantum dot molecule. The experimentally observed excitonic spectrum by Krenner et al (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 057402 is quantitatively reproduced, and the correct energy states are identified based on a previously validated atomistic tight binding model. The extended devices are represented explicitly in space with 15-million-atom structures. An excited state spectroscopy technique is applied where the externally applied electric field is swept to probe the ladder of the electronic energy levels (electron or hole) of one quantum dot through anti-crossings with the energy levels of the other quantum dot in a two-quantum-dot molecule. This technique can be used to estimate the spatial electron-hole spacing inside the quantum dot molecule as well as to reverse engineer quantum dot geometry parameters such as the quantum dot separation. Crystal-deformation-induced piezoelectric effects have been discussed in the literature as minor perturbations lifting degeneracies of the electron excited (P and D) states, thus affecting polarization alignment of wavefunction lobes for III-V heterostructures such as single InAs/GaAs quantum dots. In contrast, this work demonstrates the crucial importance of piezoelectricity to resolve the symmetries and energies of the excited states through matching the experimentally measured spectrum in an InGaAs quantum dot molecule under the influence of an electric field. Both linear and quadratic piezoelectric effects are studied for the first time for a quantum dot molecule and demonstrated to be indeed important. The net piezoelectric contribution is found to be critical in determining the correct energy spectrum, which is in contrast to recent studies reporting vanishing net piezoelectric contributions.
Message waiting time performance for meteor-burst communication systems

The performance is investigated of the meteor-burst channel in terms of the waiting time required to reliably transmit a message of length N bits. Two modulation techniques are considered. The first is the traditional fixed-rate modulation scheme where the modem operates at a constant bit rate whenever the channel is available for message traffic. The second is an adaptive modulation method where the channel symbol rate varies continuously to match the time-varying signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. Upper and lower bounds on waiting time for the general case are derived using probabilistic arguments. Novel closed-form expressions for waiting time and optimal bit rate are derived for the fixed-rate modem. Bounds on mean waiting time are derived for the adaptive-symbol-rate modem. It is shown that for fixed-rate modems operating at the optimal bit rate and for adaptive modems operating at a minimum bit rate equal to this rate, the improvement in mean waiting time can never exceed a factor of two. >
Systematic abstraction of abstract machines

We describe a derivational approach to abstract interpretation that yields novel and transparently sound static analyses when applied to well-established abstract machines for higher-order and imperative programming languages. To demonstrate the technique and support our claim, we transform the CEK machine of Felleisen and Friedman (Proc. of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symp. Prin. Program. Langs, 1987, pp. 314-325), a lazy variant of Krivine's machine (Higher-Order Symb. Comput. Vol 20, 2007, pp. 199-207), and the stack-inspecting CM machine of Clements and Felleisen (ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. Vol 26, 2004, pp. 1029-1052) into abstract interpretations of themselves. The resulting analyses bound temporal ordering of program events; predict return-flow and stack-inspection behavior; and approximate the flow and evaluation of by-need parameters. For all of these machines, we find that a series of well-known concrete machine refactorings, plus a technique of store-allocated continuations, leads to machines that abstract into static analyses simply by bounding their stores. These machines are parameterized by allocation functions that tune performance and precision and substantially expand the space of analyses that this framework can represent. We demonstrate that the technique scales up uniformly to allow static analysis of realistic language features, including tail calls, conditionals, mutation, exceptions, first-class continuations, and even garbage collection. In order to close the gap between formalism and implementation, we provide translations of the mathematics as running Haskell code for the initial development of our method.
Interpenetrating Networks of Three-Dimensional Penrose Tiles in CaAu3Ga, the Structurally Simplest Cubic Approximant of an Icosahedral Quasicrystal

Double-Friauf polyhedra (DFPs) which play important roles in quasicrystal (QC) models are the unique building blocks in the novel 1/0 AC, CaAu3+ΔGa1−Δ (Δ ≈ 0–0.13) [Pa3; a = 9.0875(3)–9.1107(5) A]. The packing of DFPs generates interpenetrating networks of condensed three-dimensional Penrose tiles, the geometry of which is close to that assumed for QCs.
Effects of Extreme Obliquity Variations on the Habitability of Exoplanets

Abstract We explore the impact of obliquity variations on planetary habitability in hypothetical systems with high mutual inclination. We show that large-amplitude, high-frequency obliquity oscillations on Earth-like exoplanets can suppress the ice-albedo feedback, increasing the outer edge of the habitable zone. We restricted our exploration to hypothetical systems consisting of a solar-mass star, an Earth-mass planet at 1 AU, and 1 or 2 larger planets. We verified that these systems are stable for 108 years with N-body simulations and calculated the obliquity variations induced by the orbital evolution of the Earth-mass planet and a torque from the host star. We ran a simplified energy balance model on the terrestrial planet to assess surface temperature and ice coverage on the planet's surface, and we calculated differences in the outer edge of the habitable zone for planets with rapid obliquity variations. For each hypothetical system, we calculated the outer edge of habitability for two conditions: (...
Efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Purpose Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) following surgical resection is often the recommended treatment for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Despite common use, there are few published series evaluating such a management approach. Methods and materials We evaluated the efficacy of postoperative RT in 31 patients with recurrent SCC of the head and neck treated between 1981 and 1993. None of the patients had prior RT. All had complete resection of recurrent gross disease and no distant metastases. Maximum postoperative RT doses ranged from 59.4-70 Gy (median = 66 Gy). Results The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) and local control (LC) rate for all patients were 32 and 46%, respectively. Several prognostic factors were analyzed including site and stage of original primary tumor, disease-free interval, site of recurrence, status of surgical margins, and dose. Only site of recurrence significantly influenced both DSS and LC. Patients whose recurrence was limited to previously undissected tissue had 5-year DSS and local control rates of 60 and 74%, respectively, as compared to 19 and 29%, respectively, for patients whose recurrence was within previously dissected tissue (p = 0.05). Conclusions Patients with recurrent SCC of the head and neck treated with standard postoperative RT following surgical resection do relatively well if the recurrence is within previously undissected tissue (i.e., nodal only); however, patients whose recurrence is within previously dissected tissue do poorly. Every effort to prevent locoregional disease recurrence at the time of primary therapy should be emphasized.
A monolithic radiation-pressure driven, low phase noise silicon nitride opto-mechanical oscillator

Cavity opto-mechanics enabled radiation pressure (RP) driven oscillators shown in the past offer an all optical Radio Frequency (RF) source without the need for external electrical feedback. However these oscillators require external tapered fiber or prism coupling and non-standard fabrication processes. In this work, we present a CMOS compatible fabrication process to design high optical quality factor opto-mechanical resonators in silicon nitride. The ring resonators designed in this process demonstrate low phase noise RP driven oscillations. Using integrated grating couplers and waveguide to couple light to the micro-resonator eliminates 1/f3 and other higher order phase noise slopes at close-to-carrier frequencies present in previous demonstrations. We present an RP driven opto-mechanical oscillator (OMO) operating at 41.97MHz with a signal power of −11dBm and phase noise of −85dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset with only 1/f2 noise down to 10Hz offset from carrier.
The reaction of vinyl phosphates with iodotrimethylsilane: Synthesis of vinyl iodides from ketones

Abstract A new method for preparation of vinyl iodides from ketones is described, based on the reaction of vinyl phosphates with iodotrimethylsilane.
Direct mechanical ventricular actuation for cardiac arrest in humans. A clinical feasibility trial.

Direct mechanical ventricular actuation (DMVA) is a nonblood-contacting method of biventricular cardiac massage which may be applied expediently for total circulatory support. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of DMVA application for patients suffering refractory cardiac arrest. Following informed consent, DMVA was applied in 22 patients. Vascular access for hemodynamic monitoring was possible in only 12 patients, whose outcomes serve as the basis for this report. The mean age of the patients was 48.2 ±4.2 years (seven men; five women). The average time from witnessed cardiac arrest to DMVA application was 81 ± 9 minutes. Application took less than two minutes from the time of skin incision and resulted in immediate hemodynamic improvement. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures averaged 78 ±4 and 41 ±4 mm Hg, respectively, with a mean cardiac output of 3.14 ±0.18 L/min during a mean of 228 ±84 minutes of circulatory support (range, 25 minutes to 18 hours). In selected cases the device was temporarily removed for 2 to 3 minutes and open-chest cardiac massage (OCCM) performed at similar compression rates. DMVA increased arterial pressures 65 percent and cardiac output 190 percent compared to OCCM. Initial arterial pH (7.12 ±0.04) improved by the time the device was removed (7.24 ±0.05). Serum lactate levels decreased from 18.0±2.3Mmol/L to 14.9±2.9Mmol/ L. Four patients were successfully defibrillated: two had inadequate cardiac function and died within 1 h, and two were successfully resuscitated, but later died from cardiac failure and respiratory insufficiency. Another patient regained normal neurologic function during DMVA and was successfully bridged to cardiopulmonary bypass for emergent coronary artery bypass grafting, but died later from myocardial infarction. There were only two complications: (1) a cardiac laceration during pericardiotomy (1/22 patients); and (2) a ventricular rupture during OCCM (1/22). No complication resulted from the device. We found DMVA to be a feasible method for acute cardiovascular stabilization in victims suffering refractory cardiac arrest. Human clinical trials employing earlier DMVA application are required to determine its resuscitative potential.
Kronecker webs, bihamiltonian structures, and the method of argument translation

We show that manifolds which parameterize values of first integrals of integrable finite-dimensional bihamiltonian systems carry a geometric structure which we call aKronecker web. We describe two opposite direction functors between Kronecker webs and integrable bihamiltonian structures: one is left inverse to the other. Conjecturally, these two functors are mutually inverse (for “small” open subsets of the manifolds in question).
A numerical study of the effect of base and collector structures on the performance of {AlGaAs}/{GaAs} multi-finger HBTs

Abstract A numerical analysis is presented to investigate different base and collector structures on the d.c. and a.c. performance of AlGaAs GaAs multi-finger heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The simulation is carried out using a two-dimensional device simulator called MEDICI. Five possible structures are studied and compared. The results show that different structures give rise to different electric fields in the base-collector junction and lattice temperatures in the HBT, which consequently affect the HBT's cutoff frequency and current gain, respectively. The physical mechanisms governing these changes are also discussed in detail.
Capacity regions for multiple unicast flows using inter-session network coding

In this paper we consider the problem of transmitting packets through multiple unicast sessions when inter-session linear network coding is permitted. We propose and formulate two new capacity regions for this problem. Distributed rate allocation algorithms and coding schemes are also provided for these capacity regions. The two capacity regions are compared with other known capacity regions in the literature to represent their benefits in terms of throughput, fairness, complexity, and ease of implementation.
An Adaptive, Kink-based Approach to Path Integral Calculations

A kink-based expression for the canonical partition function is developed using Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum mechanics and a discrete basis set. The approach is exact for a complete set of states. The method is tested on the 3×3 Hubbard model and overcomes the sign problem seen in traditional path integral studies of fermion systems. Kinks correspond to transitions between different N-electron states, much in the same manner as occurs in configuration interaction calculations in standard ab initio methods. The different N-electron states are updated, based on which states occur frequently during a Monte Carlo simulation, giving better estimates of the true eigenstates of the Hamiltonian.
Gametogenesis Eliminates Age-Induced Cellular Damage and Resets Life Span in Yeast

Eukaryotic organisms age, yet detrimental age-associated traits are not passed on to progeny. How life span is reset from one generation to the next is not known. We show that in budding yeast resetting of life span occurs during gametogenesis. Gametes (spores) generated by aged cells show the same replicative potential as gametes generated by young cells. Age-associated damage is no longer detectable in mature gametes. Furthermore, transient induction of a transcription factor essential for later stages of gametogenesis extends the replicative life span of aged cells. Our results indicate that gamete formation brings about rejuvenation by eliminating age-induced cellular damage.
Convergence groups from subgroups

We give sucient conditions for a group of homeomorphisms of a Peano continuum X without cut-points to be a convergence group. The condition is that there is a collection of convergence subgroups whose limit sets \cut up" X in the correct fashion. This is closely related to the result in [7].
Population III Stars and Remnants in High-redshift Galaxies

Recent simulations of Population III star formation have suggested that some fraction form in binary systems, in addition to having a characteristic mass of tens of solar masses. The deaths of metal-free stars result in the initial chemical enrichment of the universe and the production of the first stellar-mass black holes. Here we present a cosmological adaptive mesh refinement simulation of an overdense region that forms a few 109 M ☉ dark matter halos and over 13,000 Population III stars by redshift 15. We find that most halos do not form Population III stars until they reach M vir ~ 107 M ☉ because this biased region is quickly enriched from both Population III and galaxies, which also produce high levels of ultraviolet radiation that suppress H2 formation. Nevertheless, Population III stars continue to form, albeit in more massive halos, at a rate of ~10–4 M ☉ yr–1 Mpc–3 at redshift 15. The most massive starless halo has a mass of 7 × 107 M ☉, which could host massive black hole formation through the direct gaseous collapse scenario. We show that the multiplicity of the Population III remnants grows with halo mass above 108 M ☉, culminating in 50 remnants located in 109 M ☉ halos on average. This has implications that high-mass X-ray binaries and intermediate-mass black holes that originate from metal-free stars may be abundant in high-redshift galaxies.
An application of fuzzy set theory to the individual investor problem

Abstract This study reviews the problem of the individual investor and applies to it a methodology based on fuzzy sets and the theory of possibility. The investment decision is characterized by uncertainty, imprecision and complexity, which lessen the effectiveness of conventional calculus and probability tools. In contrast, fuzzy set theory and its modeling language provide objects of analysis and algebra that are well suited to this problem. New concepts such as “fuzzy portfolio weights” are introduced. The result of our research is a qualitative, general, and practical model for individual investors' decision making, which is based on Smith's (1974) asset-mix model.
Transformation of AeIn4 Indides (Ae = Ba, Sr) into an AeAu2In2 Structure Type Through Gold Substitution

The title compounds were prepared from the elements by high-temperature solid-state synthesis techniques. X-ray structural analyses shows that BaAu{sub 2}In{sub 2} (1) and SrAu{sub 2}In{sub 2} (2) crystallize in a new orthorhombic structure, Pnma, Z = 4 (a = 8.755(2), 8.530(2) {angstrom}; b = 4.712(1), 4.598(1) {angstrom}; c = 12.368(3), 12.283(4) {angstrom}, respectively). Gold substitutes for 50% of the indium atoms in the tetragonal BaIn{sub 4} and monoclinic SrIn{sub 4} parents to give this new and more flexible orthorhombic structure. The Ae atoms in this structure are contained within chains of hexagonal prisms built of alternating In and Au that have additional augmenting atoms around their waists from further condensation of parallel displaced chains. The driving forces for these structural changes are in part the shorter Au-In distances (2.72 and 2.69 {angstrom}) relative to d(In-In) in the parents, presumably because of relativistic contractions with Au. Generalities about such centered prismatic building blocks and their condensation modes in these and related phases are described. Band structure calculations (EHTB) demonstrate that the two compounds are metallic, which is confirmed by measurements of the resistivity of 1 and the magnetic susceptibilities of both.
Adaptive sampling for environmental field estimation using robotic sensors

Monitoring environmental phenomena by distributed sensor sampling confronts the challenge of unpredictable variability in the spatial distribution of phenomena often coupled with demands for a high spatial sampling rate. The introduction of actuation-enabled robotics sensors permits a system to optimize the sampling distribution through runtime adaptation. However, such systems must efficiently dispense sampling points or otherwise suffer from poor temporal response. In this paper, we propose and characterize an active modeling system. In our approach, as the robotic sensor acquires measurement samples of the environment, it builds a model of the phenomenon. Our algorithm is based on an incremental optimization process where the robot supports a continuous, iterative process of 1) collecting samples with maximal coverage in the design space; 2) building the environmental model; 3) predicting sampling point locations that contribute the greatest certainty regarding the phenomenon; and 4) sampling the environment based on a combined measure of information gain and navigation and sampling cost. This can provide significant reductions in the magnitude of field estimation error with a modest navigational trajectory time. We evaluate our algorithm through a simulation, using a combination of static and mobile sensors sampling light illumination field.
The Spark Spectrum of Neon

BY the use of a vacuum spectrograph, in which the spectrum was excited by electron impacts at controlled voltages between a Wehnelt cathode and a wire grid anode, we have discovered a new series of lines of considerably shorter wave-length than any hitherto reported for neon. There are 15 of these lines between wave-lengths 462·38 and 353·01. They show the wave number difference 782 expected of the neon spark spectrum, and have in fact led to an almost complete analysis of the spark spectrum, in which 203 lines have been classified in 59 multiplets. From this analysis the ionisation potential of the neon ion is found to be 40·9 ± 0·05 volts.
Crack Propagation in Homogeneous and Bimaterial Sheets Under General In-Plane Loading: Nonlinear Analysis

The problem of non-coplanar crack propagation in homogeneous and bimaterial sheets is investigated within the framework of the nonlinear theory of plane stress and for the Generalized Neo-Hookean class of hyperelastic solids. The analysis is performed numerically using a boundary layer approach and the maximum energy release rate criterion. The influence of the large deformation effect on the limiting process associated with the concept of infinitesimal virtual crack extension is examined, together with the possible relation between the size of the nonlinear zone and the additional length parameter appearing in the linearized analysis of the interfacial crack propagation problem. As the virtual crack extension is gradually shortened to a size comparable to that of the nonlinear zone, a transition is observed between the nonunique value of the kink angle predicted by the linearized theory and a single nonlinear value, which is independent of the crack extension length but also independent of the far-field loading conditions. In the limit of homogeneous properties this angle is zero and is corroborated by experiments on natural rubber undergoing large deformations.
Reaching consensus on consensus: A study of the relationships between individual decision‐making styles and use of the consensus decision rule

The present study investigated relationships between individual decision‐making styles, procedural talk, and emergent group decision rules. Individual participants in 57 decision‐making groups reported their preferences for each of five individual decision‐making styles. These preferences were weighted by the amount of each member's procedural talk to estimate communicative attempts to influence the group's emergent decision rule. Significant positive correlations were found between the percentage of group members perceiving the establishment of a consensus decision rule and group members’ weighted preferences for rational and dependent individual decision‐making styles. The authors conclude by suggesting the theoretical and practical significance of these findings.
Predicting maximum lift coefficient for twisted wings using lifting-line theory

A method is presented that allows one to predict the maximum lift coefficient for a wing from knowledge of wing geometry and maximum airfoil section lift coefficient. The method applies to wings of arbitrary planform and includes the effects of twist and sweep. In addition to predicting the section lift distribution for a wing of known planform with a known twist distribution, the method can be used to predict the twist distribution, which will produce any desired section lift distribution along the span of an unswept wing of any given planform. The method is shown to predict the twist distribution required to minimize induced drag and is also used to predict the twist distribution that maximizes the wing lift coefficient, while keeping the total amount of required twist at a practical level.
An implicit, conservative, zonal-boundary scheme for Euler equation calculations

A zonal, or patched, grid approach is one in which the flow region of interest is divided into subregions which are then discretized independently, using existing grid generators. The equations of motion are integrated in each subregion in conjunction with zonal boundary schemes which allow proper information transfer across interfaces that separate subregions. The zonal approach greatly simplifies the treatment of complex geometries and also the addition of grid points to selected regions of the flow. A conservative, zonal boundary condition that could be used with explicit schemes was extended so that it can be used with existing second order accurate implicit integration schemes such as the Beam-Warming and Osher schemes. In the test case considered, the implicit schemes increased the rate of convergence considerably (by a factor of about 30 over that of the explicit scheme). Results demonstrating the time accuracy of the zonal scheme and the feasibility of performing calculations on zones that move relative to each other are also presented.
Osseointegrated implant rehabilitation of the previously irradiated mandible: Results of a limited trial at 3 to 7 years

Abstract The use of osseointegrated dental implants in patients with defects of the head and neck acquired as a result of ablative surgery for malignancy is an accepted and valuable extension of the well-documented use of these implants for the treatment of edentulism. In patients who have received ionizing radiation as part of tumor therapy, the use of dental implants is poorly documented. A limited trial of 21 Br/.anemark implants placed in the previously irradiated mandibles of four patients is reported here. The implants have been in place and functioning for periods of 3 to 7 years. No implants have been lost. Patient selection, treatment, and complications encountered are discussed. Guidelines for further use of osseointegrated implants in patients with previously irradiated mandibles are suggested.
Mechanistic studies of nineteen-electron organometallic complexes; synthesis of stable nineteen-electron complexes

Abstract Evidence for the existence of photochemically generated 19-electron complexes is reviewed. The synthesis of the stable 19-electron (18+δ) Cp′Mo(CO) 2 (L 2 -P,P′) complex is described (Cp′ = η 5 -C 5 Ph 4 H: L 2 = 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) maleic anhydride). The spectroscopic properties of this complex are reported and discussed.
A note on the transverse five-brane in M(atrix) theory

Abstract We describe a way to compute scattering amplitudes in M(atrix) quantum mechanics, that involve the transverse five-brane. We then compute certain scattering processes and show that they have the expected SO(5) invariance, give the correct transverse-five-brane mass, and agree with the supergravity result.
The Gamma-Ray Observatory

The scientific goals and the design of the NASA Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO), planned for launch in mid-1990, are described together with the experiments to be performed on the GRO mission and the instruments to be flown on the Observatory. GRO contains a complement of four instruments to span the spectrum from 0.03 to 20,000 MeV in energy, three of which are optimized to make gamma-ray observations using either the photoelectric effect, the Compton scatter, or the pair production processes; the fourth instrument is optimized for high-sensitivity observations of transient events and time-variable sources. The instruments are the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment, the Compton Telescope, the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope, and the Burst and Transient Source Experiment.
Bifurcation of Low Reynolds Number Flows in Symmetric Channels

The flowfields in two-dimensional channels with discontinuous expansions are studied numerically to understand how the channel expansion ratio influences the symmetric and nonsymmetric solutions that are known to occur. For improved confidence and understanding, two distinct numerical techniques are used. The general flowfield characteristics in both symmetric and asymmetric regimes are ascertained by a time-marching finite difference procedure. The flowfields and the bifurcation structure of the steady solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are determined independently using the finite element technique. The two procedures are then compared both as to their predicted critical Reynolds numbers and the resulting flowfield characteristics. Following this, both numerical procedures are compared with experiments.
Open-loop and feedback models of dynamic oligopoly

Abstract A simple method of estimating the degree of oligopoly power in dynamic markets using either open-loop or feedback (subgame perfect) strategies is developed. New theoretical results are presented for families of oligopoly models. Differences between discrete-time and continuoustime models and open-loop and feedback models are demonstrated. The effects of increasing the number of firms or adjustment costs are examined.
Interference Alignment Under Limited Feedback for MIMO Interference Channels

This paper analyzes multiple-input, multiple-output interference channels where each receiver knows its channels from all the transmitters and feeds back this information using a limited number of bits to all the other terminals. It is shown that as long as the feedback bit rate scales sufficiently fast with the signal-to-noise ratio, the transmitters can use an interference alignment strategy by treating the quantized channel estimates as being perfect to achieve the sum degrees of freedom of the interference channel attainable with perfect and global channel state information. A tradeoff between the feedback rate and the achievable degrees of freedom is established by showing that a slower scaling of feedback rate for any one user leads to commensurately fewer degrees of freedom for that user alone. It is then shown that under the same fixed transmission strategy but with random quantization, the above mentioned sufficient condition on the feedback scaling rate to attain a given sum degrees of freedom (up to the maximum attainable) is also necessary in this setting.
The Allocation of Resources by Voting

A general theory of voting, which explains under what conditions voting will be chosen as a means for allocating resources and how the constitution that governs the voting will be structured is presented. It is hypothesized that developers of voting organizations will structure their organizations in order to maximize the value of shares sold by minimizing the expected costs of wealth transfer and decision making in the voting organization. Implications regarding the allocation of votes and assessments within the organization, the domain of voting decisions, and the optimal voting rule are tested with data on the constitutional structure of condominium homeowner associations.
Microwave-Assisted Fluorous Synthesis of a 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-dione Library

Fluorous displaceable linker-facilitated synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione library has been developed. Perfluorooctanesulfonyl protected 4-hydroxy benzaldehydes were used as the limiting agent for Ugi four-component reactions to form condensed products. Postcondensation reactions of the Ugi products generated 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione ring skeleton. Microwave-assisted Suzuki coupling reactions removed the fluorous tag and introduced biaryl functionality to the benzodiazepine ring. The library scaffold has four points of substitution diversities. The fluorous tag facilitated the intermediate purifications using fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE) and had no negative impact on the reactivity of the Ugi reactions and postcondensation reactions.
A2111: a z = 0:23 Butcher—Oemler cluster with a non-isothermal atmosphere and normal metallicity

We report results from an x-ray spectral study of the z=0.23 Abell 2111 galaxy cluster using the Advanced Satellite for Astrophysics and Cosmology and the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter. By correcting for the energy-dependent point-spread function of the instruments, we have examined the temperature structure of the cluster. The cluster's core within 3 is found to have a temperature of 5.4 +/- 0.5 keV, significantly higher than 2.8 +/-0.7 keV in the surrounding region of r = 3-6. This radially decreasing temperature structure can be parameterized by a polytropic index of gamma less than 1.4. Furthermore, the intracluster medium appears clumpy on scales less than 1. Early studies have revealed that the x-ray centroid of the cluster shifts with spatial scale and the overall optical and x-ray morphology is strongly elongated. These results together suggest that A2111 in undergoing a merger, which is likely responsible for the high fraction of blue galaxies observed in the cluster. We have further measured the abundance of the medium as 0.25 +/- 0.14 solar. This value is similar to those of nearby clusters which do not show a large blue galaxy function, suggesting that star formation in disk galaxies and subsequent loss to the intracluster medium do not drastically alter the average abundance of a cluster since z=0.23.
Automated procedures for sizing aerospace vehicle structures /SAVES/

Results from a continuing effort to develop automated methods for structural design are described. A system of computer programs presently under development called SAVES is intended to automate the preliminary structural design of a complete aerospace vehicle. Each step in the automated design process of the SAVES system of programs is discussed, with emphasis placed on use of automated routines for generation of finite-element models. The versatility of these routines is demonstrated by structural models generated for a space shuttle orbiter, an advanced technology transport,n hydrogen fueled Mach 3 transport. Illustrative numerical results are presented for the Mach 3 transport wing.
Particle Hamiltonian and perturbative gauge theories

Abstract We discuss the Hamiltonian formulation of the Schwinger proper-time method of culculating Green functions in gauge theories. Instead of calculating Feynman diagrams, we solve the corresponding Dyson-Schwinger equations. We express the solutions in terms of vertex operators, which consist of the zero modes of the vertex operators appearing in string theories. We show how color decomposition arises in this formalism at tree level. At the one-loop level, we arrive at expressions similar to those obtained in the background gauge. In both cases, no special gauge-fixing procedure is needed.
Stiffness of Straight and Tapered Annular Gas Path Seals

Radial stiffness of annular (ring-type) gas path seals is calculated for both constant-clearance designs and tapered designs for which the inlet clearance is larger than the outlet clearance. Under some conditions a constant-clearance seal can have a negative stiffness; this undesirable property can be completely eliminated by use of tapered seals. Leakage rates are only moderately higher in tapered seals
Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow Models of Sgr A

I review radiatively inefficient accretion flow models for the ≈2.6 × 106M⊙ black hole (BH) in the Galactic Center. I argue for a ‘concordance model’ of Sgr A*: both theory and observations suggest that hot ambient gas around the BH is accreted at a rate ∼10–8M⊙yr–1 much less than the canonical Bondi rate. I interpret Chandra observations of Sgr A* in the context of such a model: (1) the extended ‘quiescent’ X-ray emission is due to thermal bremsstrahlung from gas in the vicinity of the Bondi accretion radius, and (2) the ∼104 second long X-ray flares are due to synchrotron or Inverse-Compton emission by non-thermal electrons accelerated in the inner ∼10 Schwarzschild radii of the accretion flow.