cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing Organizational Culture Change: The Case of Long-Term Care

SUMMARY Recent research has focused on organizations as continuously confronted by forces for change. These forces may cause organizations to rethink their deeply held cultural values and beliefs in order to survive in the changing landscape. Using the long-term care industry as an exemplar, we argue that effective change requires understanding what organizational culture means, and understanding how organizational change typically occurs. Though some scholars emphasize that change is largely out of the control of organization leaders and primarily the result of evolutionary and revolutionary forces, we argue that culture change can be effectively managed. We conclude with implementation strategies for effective culture change management.
Reflections on the study and relevance of organizational commitment

Abstract In this essay, I reflect on the progress that has been made in the study of organizational commitment in the twenty-five years since I first became actively involve in research on this topic. In addition, given that important changes have taken place in the employment relationship in the intervening years, the question of whether employee commitment to organizations is as relevant a concept for managers today as it seemed to be twenty-five years ago is addressed.
Bifunctional catalysis in syngas conversions

Abstract Bifunctional catalysts composed of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) component and a zeolitic component have been examined as a means of circumventing Anderson-Schulz-Flory chain growth kinetics that render traditional FT catalysts somewhat zeolitic catalysts (especially ZSM-5) are reviewed. The product selectivities of bifunctional catalysts are compared with those obtained in dual reactor studies with separated FT and zeolitic components. The high selectivity to gasoline-range hydrocarbons and the rate of aromatics production are discussed. Secondary reactions and their possible effects on methane yield are considered. The problems encountered in the attempts to regenerate bifunctional catalysts are indicated.
IMPLEMENTING FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS ON DISTRIBUTED-MEMORY MULTIPROCESSSORS USING DATA REDISTRIBUTIONS

Implementations of various fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms are presented for distributed-memory multiprocessors. These algorithms use data redistribution to localize the computation. The goal is to optimize communication cost by using a minimum number of redistribution steps. Both analytical and experimental performance results on the Intel iPSC/860 system are presented.
Experimental Technique for Fully-Reversed Low-Cycle Fatigue Testing of Thin Metallic Foils

Details are provided for a new experimental approach to study the fully-reversed strain controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of thin metallic foils. To illustrate the technique the fatigue life of an Ni-base superalloy foil was studied at room temperature and 500°C. The fatigue tests were performed at a loading frequency of 2.2 Hz. For a strain amplitude of 1.5 % the fatigue life ranged from 649 and 754 cycles at room temperature and between 227 and 340 cycles at 500°C. In addition to metallic foils, the technique can be used to study the fully-reversed bending of other materials such as optical fibers.
Patient reaction to traumatic injury and inpatient AODA consult: Six-month follow-up

This paper describes the effects of traumatic injury and an inpatient Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse consultation on patients admitted to a university hospital with a positive blood alcohol concentration. Forty-six subjects reported 6-month post-injury data on their alcohol use and treatment, referral compliance, injuries, health care utilization, motor vehicle events, and quality of life. Sixty-one percent reported abstinence in the previous 7 days and no binge consumption in the previous 30 days. Fifty percent met criteria for current depression. The sample accounted for significant post-discharge health care utilization including 206 outpatient visits and five additional hospitalizations. Thirteen percent were still receiving disability compensation and 44% missed at least 1 day of work in the last 30 days due to their injuries. The 46 subjects reported a lifetime incidence of 72 alcohol-related injuries, 74 motor vehicle crashes, and 88 other legal events.
Backpackers and Gangstas: Chicago’s White Rappers Strive for Authenticity:

This project contains an ethnographic and interview-based study of White rappers in Chicago. The research was fueled by a single question: How do White rappers create and maintain authenticity when they are clearly inauthentic by the standards of hip-hop? Though the term authenticity is used often in sociology and other literatures, the author seeks to unpack this mechanism in search of the specific social processes at work. The author begins with a brief account of his methods and then moves to a literature review that includes a broad study of culture and identity; an ethnographic account of White rappers in the United Kingdom; studies of authenticity in the country, punk, blues, and rap music scenes; and an examination of linguistic and rhetorical devices used by rappers. The body of the article explores several aspects of culture: how the rappers in the study learned how to rap, an examination of two cultural objects (live performance and recorded music), and an exploration of two broad categories of rappers, described as backpackers and gangstas. Throughout the article, the author focuses on areas where the current literature does not match up with his own research in hopes of nudging these theories in new directions.
General Boson Expansion Theory and Lie Algebras B(n) and D(n)

A general boson expansion theory for even and odd fermion states has been developed in both Dyson and unitary representations. We can construct them in several different forms, one of which essentially reproduces the formula of Marshalek. The underlying algebra may or may not obey the associative law. A connection of the theory with the Lie algebras ${B}_{n}$ and ${D}_{n}$ has been investigated. As a byproduct, construction of fermion annihilation and creation operators solely in terms of boson operators has been found.
Hermitian symmetric spaces and free field topological theories

We generalize the recent free field realization of SU(N) current algebras by considering more general (super)groups G and their (super)kahlerian cosets G/H which are (super)hermitian symmetric spaces. The method consists of introducing free fields corresponding to the (super)kahlerian coset and building the currents in a manner similar to Wigner's construction of the Poincare group from generalized “orbital” and “spin” degrees of freedom. We then show that our parametrization of the currents yields free field representations for the superconformal n = 2 Kazama-Suzuki-type models as well as the related topological quantum field theories.
Corrigendum: Out-of-body experiences associated with seizures

In the Original Research Article “Out-of-body experiences associated with seizures” (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, February 2014, Volume 8, Article 65, doi: 10:3389/fnhum.2014.00065), the Acknowledgment of funding was inadvertently deleted. We wish to acknowledge with gratitude that our work was supported by the Fundacao Bial (grant number 81/08).
The precise measurement of the thickness of ultrathin sections by a ‘re‐sectioned’ section technique

SUMMARY The thickness of ultrathin tissue sections embedded in Epon-Araldite and cut with a diamond knife was measured by re-sectioning and electron microscopic examination of the section profiles. A secondary section mounted on a Formvar-coated slot grid provided enough normally cut segments (seven to seventeen) for measurements giving a precise estimate of mean thickness, comparable to that obtainable by interference microscopy (±2.3% or less for grey to dark gold sections). The standard deviation of section thickness within sections was never more than 5 nm, corresponding to a coefficient of variation of 6.5% or less for sections more than 48 nm thick. This suggests that variation in section thickness, within sections, may be less than has been supposed, so that quantitative work may be based on thickness measurements made over a limited representative area. A silver interference colour was associated with sections 49–60 nm thick.
Remodeling chromatin and synapses in depression.

The long-term behavioral deficits observed in depression are associated with altered spine synapses in specific neuronal circuits. A new study shows that chromatin remodeling decreases the expression of Ras-related C2 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and that the deficit in this small Rho GTPase is sufficient and necessary for altered spines and behavioral abnormalities in mice after social defeat (pages 337–344).
On Combinatoric Approach to Circumvent Internet Censorship Using Decoy Routers

The Internet is often referred to as an information highway since it offers a great mean for the general public to access the almost unlimited amount of information. At the same time, this communication technology poses a great threat to the system in those countries that wish to control the information flow. As a result, the Internet is subject to be under censorship, which is, however, a great privacy issue. Deploying decoy routers is one emerging approach to tackle this issue, since it helps each packet whose destination is a prohibited server to hide its ultimate destination from the censorship authority also known as warden. The recent report by Schuchard et al. shows an existence of an efficient approach to detect and isolate active decoy routers from the public. As a countermeasure, they propose to deploy decoy routers surrounding a target country such that isolating the decoy routers will result in isolating the the country from the rest of the Internet. Based on our observation that this problem in fact is with two opposite optimization goals, minimizing the number of decoy routers and maximizing the confinement rate, we introduce two polynomial time algorithms which handle this deployment problem under the presence of uncooperative ASes. We also conduct simulations to compare and analyze the performance of our algorithms.
The Relationships of Transcephalic Impedance, Head Growth and Caloric Intake to Outcome in Preterm Infants

. Twenty-two preterm infants with birth weights less than 1400 g were measured weekly with transcephalic impedance and occipital-frontal head circumference. Mean caloric intake/kg/ day was calculated weekly. All infants were assessed at one year of age with Bayley Mental and Motor Scales and neurological assessment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed indicating that transcephalic impedance was the most powerful of the three measures as a predictor of sequelae.
Fault monitoring using acoustic emissions

Automatic monitoring techniques are a means to safely relax and simplify preventive maintenance and inspection procedures that are expensive and necessitate substantial down time. Acoustic emissions (AEs), that are ultrasonic waves emanating from the formation or propagation of a crack in a material, provide a possible avenue for nondestructive evaluation. Though the characteristics of AEs have been extensively studied, most of the work has been done under controlled laboratory conditions at very low noise levels. In practice, however, the AEs are buried under a wide variety of strong interference and noise. These arise due to a number of factors that, other than vibration, may include fretting, hydraulic noise and electromagnetic interference. Most of these noise events are transient and not unlike AE signals. In consequence, the detection and isolation of AE events from the measured data is not a trivial problem. In this paper we present some signal processing techniques that we have proposed and evaluated for the above problem. We treat the AE problem as the detection of an unknown transient in additive noise followed by a robust classification of the detected transients. We address the problem of transient detection using the residual error in fitting a special linear model to the data. Our group is currently working on the transient classification using neural networks.
Nucleate and transition boiling heat transfer under pool and external flow conditions

Abstract In this paper an overview of the boiling process, including recent advances made toward a mechanistic understanding of nucleate and transition boiling, is presented. Out of necessity, the review does not include boiling on enhanced surfaces or boiling of mixtures. Discussion of film boiling is also not included, as it is the subject of another review article. Only pool and external flow boiling of ordinary liquids are discussed. A few comments are made with respect to the theoretical and experimental studies that should be made in the future to further our understanding of the boiling process.
Effects of Endogenous Ovarian Estrogen Versus Exogenous Estrogen Replacement on Blood Flow and ERα and ERβ Levels in the Bladder

Objective Determine the effect of endogenous estrogen versus estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on bladder blood flow (BBF) and estrogen receptors (ERs).
Factors Critical to Knowledge Management Success

The problem and the solution. This article integrates literature on organizational factors that influence knowledge management (KM) effectiveness that have been identified in several bodies of literature: HRD, information technology, and management. A framework has been developed that categorizes the various organizational factors and their paths of influence on KM effectiveness. It advances knowledge in the field of HRD by summarizing existing knowledge, identifying gaps, and providing agenda for future research in KM. It also provides practitioners of KM a holistic understanding of how organizational context influences KM effectiveness. This knowledge may help them to (a) diagnose their organizational environment before launching KM projects, (b) communicate with stakeholders the importance of ensuring a KM-friendly environment, and (c) optimize their resources and strategies to remove organizational barriers and cultivate organizational enablers for KM.
Validation of a method to determine a protection factor for laboratory hoods

This paper describes a method of testing laboratory fume hoods which can be used to assess their ability to provide worker protection. The method determines a hood's relative efficiency for containing a vapor released at a known rate inside the hood. Measurement of vapor contamination in the breathing zone of a mannequin standing at the face of the hood allows determination of the effects of air supply, turbulent room air, hood location, hood sash configuration or worker position on actual hood performance. Validation of the test and “protection factor” as defined for this test are presented. Test results indicate that the test method and protection factor calculation is valid for different hoods and is a valuable tool for comparison of various laboratory hood systems.
The course of posttraumatic stress symptoms and functional impairment following a disaster: what is the lasting influence of acute versus ongoing traumatic events and stressors?

Purpose Ongoing traumatic events and stressors, rather than acute sources of trauma, may shape long-term post-disaster mental health. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of acute hurricane-related exposures and ongoing post-hurricane exposures on the short- and long-term course of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and functional impairment (FI).
Fat Metabolism in Higher Plants XL. Synthesis of Fatty Acids in the Initial Stage of Seed Germination

To understand more fully organelle membrane assemblage, the synthesis of the first fatty acids by the germinating pea, Pisum sativum, was studied by the incorporation of either tritiated water or acetate-1-14C into lipids by the intact, initially dry seed. After a lag phase, labeling proceeded linearly. This lag phase ended when uptake of water had increased the seed weight to 185% of its original weight. The first fatty acids synthesized were palmitic and stearic followed shortly after by long chain saturated fatty acids (C20-C26). The synthesis of very long chain acids was consistently characteristic of several other seeds in early stages of germination. The majority of the radioactive acids were present in phospholipids and were localized in particulate fractions. The acyl components of phosphatidyl glycerol were highly labeled. The very long chain acids were found predominantly in the waxes. Pulse labeling indicated little turnover of the labeled fatty acids. Evidence is presented indicating that the enzymes for fatty acid synthesis are already present in the dry seed and participate in the synthesis of fatty acids once a critical water content of the seed is achieved.
Band-selective 13C homonuclear 3D spectroscopy for solid proteins at high field with rotor-synchronized soft pulses.

We demonstrate improved 3D 13C–13C–13C chemical shift correlation experiments for solid proteins, utilizing band-selective coherence transfer, scalar decoupling and homonuclear zero-quantum polarization transfer. Judicious use of selective pulses and a z-filter period suppress artifacts with a two-step phase cycle, allowing higher digital resolution in a fixed measurement time. The novel correlation of Cali–Cali–CX (Cali for aliphatic carbons, CX for any carbon) reduces measurement time by an order of magnitude without sacrificing digital resolution. The experiment retains intensity from side-chain carbon resonances whose chemical shift dispersion is critical to minimize spectral degeneracy for large proteins with a predominance of secondary structure, such as β-sheet rich fibrillar proteins and α-helical membrane proteins. We demonstrate the experiment for the β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G (GB1) and fibrils of the A30P mutant of α-synuclein, which is implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Selective pulses of duration comparable the rotor period give optimal performance, but must be synchronized with the spinning in non-trivial ways to minimize chemical shift anisotropy recoupling effects. Soft pulses with a small bandwidth-duration product are best for exciting the ~70 ppm bandwidth required for aliphatic-only dimensions.
Can cities become self-reliant in energy? A technological scenario analysis for Cleveland, Ohio

Abstract This study applied the concept of local self-reliance in energy for a North American city, Cleveland, Ohio. Results revealed that while nearly all of Cleveland’s energy is imported, there is potential to meet the demand entirely using local, renewable sources of energy. Four scenarios were constructed. The first scenario included planned renewable energy developments: the 20 MW Municipal Solid Waste to Energy (MSWE) facility by Cleveland Public Power and a 20 MW offshore wind project by the Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo). These resulted in 1% energy self-reliance for the city. The second scenario, in which the contribution of offshore wind power was increased to 1000 MW (LEEDCo’s target for 2020), solar power was provided using 10% efficient solar panels on one-quarter of all rooftop area and biodiesel was produced on one-half of the city’s vacant land using algae of moderate productivity, produced 17.6% self-reliance. In Scenario 3, the level of energy self-reliance jumped to 70% when LEEDCo’s 2030 target of 5000 MW was considered together with solar panels of 20% efficiency and high-productivity algae. In Scenario 4, 100% self-reliance was attained by further increasing offshore wind power. The analysis also revealed that enhanced energy self-reliance could result in $28.7 M to $1.76 bn being retained in Cleveland annually. Although consumer behavior, market forces, and political dynamics can shape the production and use of energy, it is concluded that cities have the potential to substantially increase their energy self-reliance, which may bolster their economic resilience and reduce their ecological footprint.
Relation of Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ABO Blood Groups

The relation of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the blood groups A, B, AB, and O was examined in 584 women attending a prenatal clinic. The occurrence of gonorrhea was significantly higher in black patients with blood group B than in those with blood groups A, AB, or O.
Analyzing variation in egg-to-adult viability in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract Selective culling in populations of most organisms is rank-order: individuals of low rank on a scale of potential fitnesses tend to be eliminated during early development, whereas surviving adults (whose number reflects the carrying capacity of the environment) are generally drawn from the distribution's upper end. Haldane pointed out [Haldane, J.B.S. (1932) The Causes of Evolution (Harper & Row, New York)] that selection which favors individuals in the upper tail of a composite distribution curve tends to favor members of the more variable of two populations, rather than members of a less variable one, even though the latter may possess the higher mean. In addition to reviewing earlier observations bearing on Haldane's argument, the present report describes an analysis of the comparative egg-to-adult viabilities of flies (Drosophila melanogaster) carrying combinations of second chromosomes obtained from one or another of eight experimental populations. Overall, the viabilities of flies carrying combinations of chromosomes one of which is shared (i/j vs. j/k) are as different as those of flies carrying combinations of independently sampled chromosomes (i/j vs. k/l). Episodes seemingly occurred within the populations during which flies carrying combinations that shared a chromosome differed more in their viabilities than flies carrying unrelated combinations. Such episodes could reflect the occurrence of selection of the sort described by Haldane.
Comparison of rotational energies and rigidity of OCS–para-H2 and OCS–4He complexes

Abstract We analyze the nature of the rotational energy level structure of the OCS–He and OCS–H 2 complexes with a comparison of exact calculations to several different dynamical approximations. We compare with the clamped coordinate quasi-adiabatic approximation that introduces an effective potential for each asymmetric rotor level, with an effective rotation Hamiltonian constructed from ground state averages of the inverse of the inertial matrix, and investigate the usefulness of the Eckart condition to decouple rotations and vibrations of these weakly bound complexes between linear OCS and 4 He or H 2 . Comparison with exact results allows an assessment of the accuracies of the different approximate methods and indicates which approaches are suitable for larger clusters of OCS with 4 He and with H 2 . We find the OCS–H 2 complex is considerably more rigid than the OCS–He complex, suggesting that semi-rigid models are useful for analysis of larger clusters of H 2 with OCS.
Functional Characterization of Replication and Stability Factors of an Incompatibility Group P-1 Plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa

Xylella fastidiosa strain riv11 harbors a 25-kbp plasmid (pXF-RIV11) belonging to the IncP-1 incompatibility group. Replication and stability factors of pXF-RIV11 were identified and used to construct plasmids able to replicate in X. fastidiosa and Escherichia coli. Replication in X. fastidiosa required a 1.4-kbp region from pXF-RIV11 containing a replication initiation gene (trfA) and the adjacent origin of DNA replication (oriV). Constructs containing trfA and oriV from pVEIS01, a related IncP-1 plasmid of the earthworm symbiont Verminephrobacter eiseniae, also were competent for replication in X. fastidiosa. Constructs derived from pXF-RIV11 but not pVEIS01 replicated in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris, and Pseudomonas syringae. Although plasmids bearing replication elements from pXF-RIV11 or pVEIS01 could be maintained in X. fastidiosa under antibiotic selection, removal of selection resulted in plasmid extinction after 3 weekly passages. Addition of a toxin-antitoxin addiction system (pemI/pemK) from pXF-RIV11 improved plasmid stability such that >80 to 90% of X. fastidiosa cells retained plasmid after 5 weekly passages in the absence of antibiotic selection. Expression of PemK in E. coli was toxic for cell growth, but toxicity was nullified by coexpression of PemI antitoxin. Deletion of N-terminal sequences of PemK containing the conserved motif RGD abolished toxicity. In vitro assays revealed a direct interaction of PemI with PemK, suggesting that antitoxin activity of PemI is mediated by toxin sequestration. IncP-1 plasmid replication and stability factors were added to an E. coli cloning vector to constitute a stable 6.0-kbp shuttle vector (pXF20-PEMIK) suitable for use in X. fastidiosa.
Effect of lunar-phased releases on adult recovery of coho salmon from Trinity River and Iron Gate hatcheries in California

Abstract Previous studies on coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) have shown a smolt-associated rise in plasma thyroxine on the new moon closest to the vernal equinox, and that survival of fish transferred to seapens was related directly to the fraction of the thyroxine rise completed before entry into seawater. Heretofore, hatchery releases of coho salmon were conducted at the discretion of the hatchery manager in California within a designated period in spring. A lunar-phased release study of coho salmon was conducted at Trinity River and Iron Gate hatcheries from 1981–1984 in collaboration with the California Department of Fish and Game. Total recovery (adult hatchery return and estimated ocean catch) of the optimal group released on the new moon nearest the vernal equinox was significantly higher than earlier release groups at Trinity River for 1981 and 1984 but significantly higher than the later release groups only in 1981. The results from Iron Gate were less clear because the groups released after the optimal new moon did as well in 1981 and significantly better than the group released on the optimal new moon in 1984. Percent recovery of random release groups prior to this lunar-phased release study were generally lower (3 out of 4) but we cannot ascribe this definitively to lunar-phased releases because of unpredictable environmental and other conditions which can alter year-to-year variations in recoveries. Data for the 1982 and 1983 release groups are not reported because the effects of El Nino drastically reduced the recovery of coho salmon during those 2 years.
Chromatin Goes Global

The latest findings on the structure of chromatin, its organization in the nucleus, and its involvement in regulating gene expression were presented at a recent meeting at the Juan March Foundation in Madrid, Spain.
The hexameric ring structure of the Escherichia coli RuvB branch migration protein

The RuvB protein is part of the homologous recombination machinery in prokaryotic cells. Many studies have shown that RuvB is organized into hexameric rings functioning as DNA pumps at Holliday junctions, using ATP hydrolysis to drive branch migration. Structures now exist for two RuvB proteins, as well as for several structurally homologous proteins, including the replication factor-C small subunit (RFCS). Two models for the possible hexameric organization of RuvB subunits have been proposed, based upon the hexameric structures of NSF and HslU, two AAA-ATPases involved in vesicle fusion and proteolysis, respectively. We have used electron microscopy to generate an improved three-dimensional reconstruction of the double hexamers formed by Escherichia coli RuvB on double-stranded DNA. We find that an atomic model of the hexameric RFCS provides a significantly better fit to the RuvB hexamer than do the models for RuvB generated from NSF and HslU. This suggests that there may be a highly conserved structure for many proteins involved in different aspects of DNA replication, recombination, transcription and repair.
Effect of time and date of inoculation, plant age, and temperature on translocation of potato leafroll virus into potato tubers

Movement of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) to tubers following placement of viruliferous aphids on foliage was studied on the medium-maturing cultivar, Katahdin and the late-maturing cultivar, Russet Burbank. Inoculation was begun on August 20 and continued at three-day intervals until mid-September. There was no trend of increasing or decreasing numbers of leafroll-infected tubers from early to late inoculation. Several variables were examined to determine their effects on the incidence of PLRV-infected tubers. Multiple regression analyses showed that inoculation date, maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, plant age, and length of time from inoculation to harvest explained 38% of PLR incidence in tubers of cv. Katahdin. Length of time from inoculation to harvest and minimum daily temperature explained 40% of PLR incidence in tubers of the cv. Russet Burbank.
Two-phase flow regime map predictions under microgravity

In this paper, the widely used models of Taitel-Dukler and Weisman et al. are extrapolated to microgravity levels to compare predicted flow pattern boundaries for horizontal and vertical flows. Efforts have been made to analyze how the two-phase flow models available in the literature predict flow regime transitions in microgravity. The models of Taitel-Dukler and Weisman et al. have been found to be more suitable for extrapolation to a wide range of system parameters than the other two-phase flow regime maps available in the literature. The original criteria for all cases are used to predict the transition lines, except for the transition to dispersed flow regime in case of the Weisman model for horizontal flow. The constant 0.97 on the righthand side of this correlation should be two times that value, i.e., 1.94, in order to match this transition line in their original paper.
Excess Volumes of Mixtures of Some Alkyl Esters and Ketones with Alkanols

Excess volumes were calculated from measured densities of binary mixtures of five linear alkanols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol) with five n-alkyl acetates (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl acetates) and with two ketones (acetone and 2-butanone) at 20 °C. The whole composition range was studied for all thirty-five binary systems. For a given alcohol, the ∆ V /φ 1 ϑ 2 value decreases with increasing size of the carbonyl compound. For a given carbonyl compound, it increases with the length of the alkanol. Systems with methyl acetate as one component have relatively large ∆ V /φ 1 ϑ 2 values, while systems with methanol display different compositional dependency in respect to systems with other alcohols.
5-tert-butyl-N-pyrazol-4-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as novel potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase: initiating a quest for new antitubercular drugs.

Pantothenate synthetase (PS) is one of the potential new antimicrobial targets that may also be useful for the treatment of the nonreplicating persistent forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this Letter we present a series of 5-tert-butyl-N-pyrazol-4-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as novel potent Mycobacterium tuberculosis PS inhibitors, their in silico molecular design, synthesis, and inhibitory activity.
Relationship of the Adenovirus Erythrocyte-Receptor-Modifying Factor to the Type-Specific Complement-Fixing Antigen

SummaryThe similarity in elution characteristics of the ERM factor and type-specific CF antigen following fractionation of adeno-virus type 1 and type 2 suspensions by chromatography with DEAE-cellulose; the formation of only a single precipitation line in agar-gel double diffusion tests with purified material containing both activities; and the type-specific serologic reaction of both antigens indicated that the type-specific CF antigen was the carrier of the ERM factor.
A Monte Carlo solution method for linear elasticity

A probabilistic method is proposed and implemented to solve linear elasticity problems. The method, called walk on the boundary method (WBM), uses the same governing equations as the boundary element method. Unlike in finite element and boundary element methods, WBM does not require any meshing. Also, error estimates for WBM are easier to obtain than in finite element and boundary element methods. Furthermore, WBM obtains a point solution at a specific point of interest instead of a full field solution as in finite element and boundary element methods. WBM is developed for general traction boundary value problems in antiplane shear, plane strain, and 3D elasticity. Numerical implementations are performed for three example problems: (1) antiplane shear problem with a centrally located circular hole being loaded by uniformly applied traction, (2) plane strain problem with centrally located circular hole being loaded by uniform tension, and (3) 3D elasticity problem with a centrally located spherical cavity being loaded by uniform tension. Results from the three example problems compared favorably with results from the analytical and finite element solution. Three critical issues associated with the WBM for linear elasticity are pointed out for its further improvement.
Characterization of the B12- and Iron-Sulfur-containing Reductive Dehalogenase fromDesulfitobacterium chlororespirans

Abstract The United Nations and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have identified a variety of chlorinated aromatics that constitute a significant health and environmental risk as “priority organic pollutants,” the so-called “dirty dozen.” Microbes have evolved the ability to utilize chlorinated aromatics as terminal electron acceptors in an energy-generating process called dehalorespiration. In this process, a reductive dehalogenase (CprA), couples the oxidation of an electron donor to the reductive elimination of chloride. We have characterized the B12 and iron-sulfur cluster-containing 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate reductive dehalogenase from Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans. By defining the substrate and inhibitor specificity for the dehalogenase, the enzyme was found to require an hydroxyl grouportho to the halide. Inhibition studies indicate that the hydroxyl group is required for substrate binding. The carboxyl group can be replaced by other functionalities, e.g. acetyl or halide groups, ortho or meta to the chloride to be eliminated. The purified D. chlororespirans enzyme could dechlorinate an hydroxylated PCB (3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-biphenyldiol) at a rate about 1% of that with 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate. Solvent deuterium isotope effect studies indicate that transfer of a single proton is partially rate-limiting in the dehalogenation reaction.
Preparing Non-Native English-Speaking ESL Teachers.

This article addresses the challenges that non‐native English‐speaking teacher trainees face as they begin teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) in Western, English‐speaking countries. Despite a great deal of training, non‐native speaker teachers may be viewed as inadequate language teachers because they often lack native speaker competence in the target language and culture. However, non‐native speaker teachers possess distinct advantages over native speakers including a deeper understanding of learners’ first languages and an ability to explain second language features in ways that students can understand. This article explores the linguistic and pedagogical skills that are required for teaching ESL to immigrant students in primary and secondary schools. It concludes that while it is important for non‐native teachers to continuously strive to attain high levels of written and oral proficiencies in English, they must also become familiar with the discourse and cultures of the schools and communitie...
Energy-Efficient Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper focuses on the spectrum sensing issues in the unslotted cognitive radio networks with wireless fading channels. To overcome the energy-inefficiency problem of the existing continuous/fixed-schedule spectrum sensing schemes in the cognitive radio networks, we propose an efficient spectrum sensing scheme for secondary users (SUs). The design goal of our proposed scheme is to save the sensing energy consumption while guaranteeing the priority of the PUs and the spectrum opportunity for SUs in terms of available spectrum usage time. In particular, our proposed energy-efficient spectrum sensing scheme adaptively adjusts the spectrum sensing periods and determines between the presence and vacancy of the PU by taking advantage of PU's activity patterns. We also develop a novel two-threshold based sequential sensing policy to reduce the false alarm probability while limiting the missed detection probability. We conduct simulations to validate and evaluate our proposed scheme.
Computer-assisted mapping of infarcted and viable regions of gross cardiac sections following experimental myocardial infarction

Abstract We have developed a computer-assisted method that creates digital maps of the viable and infarcted regions of tetrazolium-stained gross cardiac sections. Here we describe and test the method, using a canine occlusion-reperfusion infarction model. Quantitative image analysis showed that the method accurately recorded differences between infarcted and viable regions at a spatial resolution of 5-20 pixels per mm2. Microscopic analysis of tissue samples taken from the sections showed that the maps were accurate. In 15 of 15 cases the histology of the samples matched that predicted by the maps. A comparison of infarct area measurements derived from the maps showed that the method was reproducible. The average intraoperator standard deviation was ±8% of a slice's infarcted area and the average interoperator standard deviation was ±20%. We conclude that the method creates accurate, detailed, and reproducible maps of the infarcted and viable regions of tetrazolium-stained cardiac sections.
Martian Relief and the Coming Opposition

Ground-based observations of Martian relief may be possible when the Earth-Mars geometry is optimum and the observing conditions are near perfect. There is some evidence that detectable relief is present. Groundbased observations of Martian relief during the coming opposition will be optimum between 1 February and 1 March and between 1 June and 15 August 1967.
Analysis of transcripts from two families of nomadic DNA.

Abstract Transcripts of two segments of nomadic DNA, copia and 412, are abundant in Drosophila melanogaster cultured cells and in whole organisms throughout development. In cultured cells copia and 412 are transcribed to form several size classes of RNA that are polyadenylated and enriched in cell nuclei. Cells derived from whole organisms abundantly produce only one size class of copia RNA. This 5.2 × 103 base long RNA carries about 200 bases transcribed from each of the 0.3 × 103 base long direct repeats that form the termini of copia DNA segments. Such transcripts should include all of the sequence information found in copia DNA segments. Differences in the developmental patterns of expression of copia and 412 RNAs have been observed. These patterns of RNA synthesis do not appear to be affected by the chromosomal location of these nomadic DNA segments. Patterns of copia and 412 expression should be controlled by sequences found within the nomadic DNA segments themselves.
Comparison of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, FTIR, and NMR to Measurements of Adsorbed Polymers

Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) measurements on samples with very small amounts of polymers adsorbed on silica particles have been contrasted with spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and NMR) on the same or similar systems. The results are consistent in that the hydrogen bonding of the polymers to surface silanols reduces the mobility of some of the adsorbed polymer segments and results in higher glass transition temperatures for those polymer segments. These experiments reinforce the notion of an interface that is graded in terms of mobility. In contrast to bulk polymers, where the glass transition process can be considered spatially homogeneous, interfacial polymers can be considered heterogeneous on the scale of the interface. The results also suggest that the heterogeneous nature of the interfacial polymers and various sensitivities of the different techniques may result in apparently different conclusions about the surface effect and its reach.
Diet Modification for Overactive Bladder: an Evidence-Based Review

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a clinical diagnosis defined by the presence of urinary urgency with or without urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and is often associated with frequency and nocturia. First-line treatment for OAB is behavioral and dietary modifications because they have minimal side effects and high potential benefits. There is evidence that diet can have a significant effect on the symptoms of OAB. This has led to increasing interest in characterizing the effect of specific dietary changes on OAB prevalence and severity. The aim of this paper is to review the specific nutritional factors that have been found to be associated with OAB and describe the relationship between OAB and diet-related medical conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance.
Photophysics of PAMAM-Based Dendrimers of Polypyridyl Complexes of Ruthenium

The photophysics of PAMAM (poly-amidoamine) based dendrimers (generations G0-G4) modified with (4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) pendant-[Ru(tpy)2]+2 (tpy is 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine) and [Ru(bpy)3]+2 (bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine) chromophores have been studied in both fluid solution at 298 K and frozen glasses, at 77 K. The absorption and emission spectra, the excited-state lifetimes and quantum yields have been obtained for both families of metallodendrimers. In general and in analogy to the behavior exhibited by the discrete molecules (i.e., [Ru(tpy)2]+2 and [Ru(bpy)3]+2), the bipyridine derivatives exhibit longer lifetimes and higher quantum yields when compared to the corresponding terpyridine complexes. Some generation dependent changes have also been observed. We have also explored the effects of solvent by comparing results in butyronitrile and dimethylacetamide with the latter being used as a mimic of the dendritic backbone. Our results suggest that for the higher generations the dendritic backbone acts as the s...
Celerity and Cajolery: Rapid Speech May Promote or Inhibit Persuasion through its Impact on Message Elaboration

The present experiment tests credibility-cue and elaboration likelihood (ELM) hypotheses about the effect of compressed speech on message-based persuasion. Participants heard either a proattitudinal or a counterattitudinal message on an involving topic, delivered at a slow (144 words per minute), an intermediate (182 wpm), or a rapid (214 wpm) rate of speech. Consistent with the ELM predictions, rapid speech suppressed the tendency to rebut the counterattitudinal message and enhanced persuasion, whereas the same rapid speech rate inhibited favorable elaboration of the proattitudinal message while undermining its persuasive impact. Thus, a distinctly faster than normal rate of speech on an involving topic can either promote or inhibit persuasion by its impact on message elaboration. The generality of these speech rate effects and the conditions under which rapid speech might serve as a peripheral (i.e., credibility) cue are discussed.
Stability Enhancement for Peptide Analysis by Electrospray Using the Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Abstract Electrospray ionization sources, used with triple quadrupole mass spectrometers from PE/Sciex (API III+), Micromass (Quattro II), and Finnigan (TSQ 7000), were modified with a 35-gauge stainless steel needle. The dimensions of the needle were 63 μm i.d. by 145 μm o.d. with variable length, depending on the specific instrument. This modification led to enhanced signal stability, improved signal/noise ratios, and lowered sample consumption for a wide range of peptides. Stable baselines were observed with flow rates in the range of 50 nL/min to 5 μL/min. An alternative design, based on a metal wire housed within a fused silica capillary, led to the most stable signals of all during infusion, but caused excessive peak broadening with capillary chromatography. The Finnigan interface was further modified with an external postcolumn addition tee, used in conjunction with capillary liquid chromatography columns of 30 and 50 μm internal diameter. The best results with the modified Finnigan interface were acquired using the 50-μm column at a flow rate of 150 to 200 nL/min.
Fast detection and segmentation of drusen in retinal optical coherence tomography images

Accurate detection-characterization of drusen is an important imaging biomarker of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. We report on the development of an automatic method for detection and segmentation of drusen in retinal images captured via high speed spectral domain coherence tomography (SDOCT) systems. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of a priori knowledge about the retina shape and structure in the AMD and normal eyes. In the first step, the location of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is estimated by searching for the locally connected segments with high radiometric vertical gradients appearing in the upper section of the SDOCT scans. The high reflective and locally connected pixels that are spatially located below the RNFL layer are taken as the initial estimate of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer location. Such rough estimates are smoothed and improved by using a slightly modified implementation of the Xu-Prince gradient vector flow based deformable snake method. Further steps, including a two-pass scan of the image, remove outliers and improve the accuracy of the estimates. Unlike healthy eyes commonly exhibiting a convex RPE shape, the shape of the RPE layer in AMD eyes might include abnormalities due to the presence of drusen. Therefore by enforcing local convexity condition and fitting second or fourth order polynomials to the possibly unhealthy (abnormal) RPE curve, the health (normal) shape of the RPE layer is estimated. The area between the estimated normal and the segmented RPE outlines is marked as possible drusen location. Moreover, fine-tuning steps are incorporated to improve the accuracy of the proposed technique. All methods are implemented in a graphical user interface (GUI) software package based on MATLAB platform. Minor errors in estimating drusen volume can be easily manually corrected using the user-friendly software interface and the program is constantly refined to correct for the repeating errors. This semi-supervised approach significantly reduces the time and resources needed to conduct a large-scale AMD study. The computational complexity of the core automated segmentation technique is attractive as it only takes about 6.5 seconds on a conventional PC to segment, display, and record drusen locations in an image of size (512 × 1000) pixels. Experimental results on segmenting drusen in SDOCT images of different subjects are included, which attest to the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
A filter paper sandwich method using small volumes of reagents for the detection of antigens electrophoretically transferred onto nitrocellulose

Abstract A method is described which allows antigens electrophoretically ‘blotted’ onto nitrocellulose to be probed using small volumes (
Hypothyroid-Induced Hyporeflexia

This woman with a surgical scar on the neck and hypothermia became obtunded. The video shows delayed relaxation phase of the biceps reflex.
THE INFLUENCE OF PLASMA PROTEIN ON THE CHLORIDE CONTENT OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

1. When the plasma protein of dogs is lowered by plasmapheresis, the concentration of chloride and sodium in the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid tends to become the same, a diminishing of the usual disparity which exists in the presence of a normal plasma protein. 2. This is in accord with the theory that the cerebrospinal fluid is a dialysate, with the choroid plexus acting as a simple dialyzing membrane.