cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Student Assistance Program: A New Approach for Student Success in Addressing Behavioral Health and Life Events

College health centers, whether large or small, often find it challenging to provide counseling and supportive services for all students (including remotely located students) 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Student assistance programs (SAPs) are services provided to students through a contractual arrangement to the university or college as a part of student services. The goal is to address psychosocial concerns that may interfere with academic performance within the realm of short-term counseling. These services range from traditional behavioral health concerns about stress and depressive reactions to how to find child care with foreign-speaking services. In this article, the authors describe a method to provide such short-term counseling to a 2,200-student health-science campus. They present data from 1 year of service as well as the benefits and limitations.
Dissolution Profiles for Finely Divided Drug Suspensions

A suspension of micronized prednisolone acetate was separated into four fractions by the technique of centrifugal elutriation. Data showed that each fraction had a narrow particle size. The dissolution experiments were carried out under sink conditions (less than 10% of saturation concentration) in a dissolution apparatus with a rotating filter assembly and a continuous circulation of filtered fluid samples through a recording spectrophotometer. The dissolution profile was highly reproducible and substantially different for each fraction. As expected, fractions with the smallest and largest particles showed the fastest and slowest dissolution, respectively. Almost the entire dissolution profiles for four small particle size fractions can be satisfactorily described by the Higuchi-Hiestand model with the dissolution rate constant, K, in the range of 1.5-2.0 X 10(-9)cm2/sec. This is approximately 3.5 times greater than the value for K calculated on the basis of reported reasonable values for diffusion coefficient, density, and solubility.
X-Ray Velocimetry of Solar Wind Ion Impact on Comets

Laboratory measurements of the interaction of low-energy, bare, and hydrogen-like ions with neutral gases are presented. The measurements demonstrate that charge-exchange-induced cometary K-shell X-ray spectra represent rich spectral diagnostics for determining the speed of the solar wind and the collision dynamics within the coma. We show that the K-shell spectrum observed from low-energy ion-neutral collisions (≤ 50 km s-1) has a distinct high-energy component that is suppressed in high-energy collisions (≥800 km s-1). As a result, the hardness ratio of the K-shell spectrum increases by as much as a factor of 4 as the ions decelerate in the coma. The change in spectral shape can be observed even with low-resolution energy dispersive solid-state detectors, opening the possibility of spatial imaging of the solar wind heavy-ion velocity profile in the coma. Our results clearly show that energy-dependent data are needed to fully describe charge-exchange-induced X-ray production in the heliosphere.
Factors in the dialysis regimen which contribute to alterations in the abnormalities of uremia.

Factors in the dialysis regimen which contribute to alterations in the abnormalities of uremia. While hemodialysis therapy in its present form is capable of sustaining life, dialysis patients are not metabolically normal and we are unable to say what technical factors contribute adequate therapy. Recent efforts to resolve these problems have led to the assumption that substances in the molecular weight range of 800 to 3000 daltons may be pathogenic in uremia and these may not be effectively removed by dialysis. Accordingly, four groups of patients (ten each) underwent changes in their routine which were theoretically designed to alter independently the concentration of small (urea) and "middle" molecules in the blood. In two groups, the concentration of urea was theoretically increased or decreased while the concentration of so-called middle molecules was maintained unchanged. In the remaining two groups, middle molecule concentration was theoretically increased or decreased while small molecule concentration was unchanged. Patients were evaluated prior to and after completing altered dialysis therapy. The results suggest three related conclusions. First, the uremic syndrome may be viewed as a constellation of abnormalities which can be subgrouped by assocation so that azotemia may be correlated with neuropathic disease and hypertension with weight gain or body size, for example. Second, those physiologic variables which changed after altered dialysis tended to deteriorate with increasing concentration of small molecules in the blood and remained independent of theoretical changes in middle molecules. Finally, when patients are relatively underdialyzed, they may spontaneously modulate the reduced removal of metabolites such as urea by decreasing the dietary intake of nutrients.
Outcome quantification using SPHARM-PDM toolbox in orthognathic surgery.

Purpose Quantification of surgical outcomes in longitudinal studies has led to significant progress in the treatment of dentofacial deformity, both by offering options to patients who might not otherwise have been recommended for treatment and by clarifying the selection of appropriate treatment methods. Most existing surgical treatments have not been assessed in a systematic way. This paper presents the quantification of surgical outcomes in orthognathic surgery via our localized shape analysis framework.
Loss of speech after living-related donor liver transplantation: detection of the lesion by diffusion tensor image.

Abstract Introduction Loss of speech after living-related liver transplantation is uncommon. Either immunosuppressive agents, related sequelae, or a neurological event may cause it. Case Report A 46-year-old man developed dysarthria and dysphagia on the 10th day after living-related donor liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis with Child-Pugh class C. Brain magnetic resonance images and electroencephalograms could not detect any lesion, but the diffusion tensor image showed a subacute lacunar infarction at right midbrain. The patient's speech improved 1 month after rehabilitation. Conclusions Some unexpected neurological events, such as loss of speech, may occur after liver transplantation. The differential diagnosis becomes very important before active treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging supplemented with diffusion tensor imaging is an effective imaging study in establishing the diagnosis.
Induction and selection of formaldehyde-based resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A formaldehyde resistant (R) phenotype ofPseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from a formaldehydesensitive (S) parent by sequential treatment with 1,3,5-tris-(ethyl)hexahydro-s-triazine (ET). The resistance of the (R) strain to treatment with ET was approximately 3-fold higher than the parental (S) strain. Two modes of resistance to ET, and simultaneous resistance to formaldehyde, are demonstrated: (1) transient or induced resistance is expressed during shor-term exposure to ET, and this resistance is gradually lost during subsequent growth in the absence of ET, and (2) resistance that results from a stable phenotypic change in the (S) strain following sequential treatment with ET ((R) strain phenotype). The observed activities of three forms of the formaldehyde oxidizing enzyme, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, are strongly correlated with the relative response of the (S) and (R) strains to treatment with ET. The observed resistance of the (R) strain appears to be due to high levels of an NAD+-linked, glutathione-dependent form of formaldehyde dehydrogenase as well as a dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase. The transient or induced response of the (R) strain involves an increase in activity of the dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase. The induced response of the (S) strain and an ATCC strain ofP. aeruginosa, however, is correlated with the two forms of the NAD+-linked enzyme (glutathione-dependent (EC 1.2.1.1) and independent (EC 1.2.1.46)) with no contribution from the dye-linked enzyme.
The Role of Linear Recursive Estimators in Time Series Forecasting

This paper presents a descriptive synthesis of a number of a linear recursive estimator LRE procedures for time series forecasting, i.e., procedures which involve parameter updates proportional to the last period forecast error. It is stressed that both constant and variable parameter procedures exist among LRE's. General requirements for stability of parameter estimates are given, as are general forms for parameter estimate covariance matrices that appear in forecast variance determinations. Procedures explicitly considered are the Kalman filter, dynamic autoregression, the Carbone-Longini adaptive estimation procedure, generalized least squares, Widrow's least mean square, and the Makridakis-Wheelwright generalized adaptive filtering.
Disclosure as a disability‐management strategy: A review and conclusions

This study reviews research which has examined the effect of disclosing information about a disability on interaction between handicapped and nonhandicapped persons. The studies indicate that communicating about the disability makes participants more comfortable and makes the handicapped person more preferred as a partner. This is particularly true when the handicapped person appears to be coping with the disability.
Soviet area studies and the social sciences: Some methodological problems in communist studies

(1968). Soviet area studies and the social sciences: Some methodological problems in communist studies. Soviet Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 313-339.
A Most Critical Warning Variable: Two Demonstrations of the Powerful Effects of Cost on Warning Compliance

The effects of cost on warning compliance have been demonstrated in several previous studies. These studies have shown that cost reduction can dramatically increase compliance with a warning label's intent. The current paper describes two studies which support these previous findings under situations of household consumer product and recreational protective equipment use. In addition, these studies demonstrate that cost reduction can positively influence behavior under circumstances known to be detrimental to warning effectiveness. Such circumstances include low risk perception, familiar products, and inadequate warning labels/signs. These studies also show that increasing the cost associated with warning compliance, even a seemingly minor amount, can have devastating effects on compliance rates. These results indicate that the greatest effort possible should be taken to reduce compliance cost in hazardous situations when warnings are relied upon for hazard control.
On Simulating Multivariate Failure Times

This article discusses several convenient methods of simulating multivariate failure times when the dimension is relatively high. These methods are based on two commonly used models: the multiplicative random effect or frailty models and the multivariate exponential distribution. For each method, measures of association between correlated failure times are either given or derived.
Exploring the Relationship between Recreational Sports Employment and Academic Success

This study examined the relationship between part-time student employment in a recreational sports department and academic success as measured by grade point averages (GPA) and number of credit hours enrolled. Three hundred and thirty undergraduate recreational sports student employees were compared to a random sample of 350 undergraduate students who were not employed by the department of recreational sports. A positive connection was identified between employment with the recreational sports department and academic success. Freshmen and junior recreational sports employees had statistically significant higher GPAs than the freshmen and juniors in the general student population. However, working with the recreational sports department did not have an effect on the number of credit hours enrolled.
The Distribution of Radioactive Phosphorus in the Electrophoretic Components of Chicken Blood Sera

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE RELATIVE distribution of phosphorus in the electrophoretic components of the blood serum from laying hens, cockerels, and diethylstilbestrol injected cockerels has been observed (Brandt et al., 1950; Moore, 1948; Clegg et al., 1951). By means of a method developed, to measure P32 content of the various electrophoretic fronts in the Tiselius type electrophoresis apparatus (Hein and Clegg, 1952), certain of these components, particularly in the case of the laying hen and diethylstilbestrol treated cockerels, were observed to contain a large amount of the total P32 activity (Clegg and Hein, 1953). The subsequent discussion is concerned with the determination of the amount of the phosphorus associated with these various electrophoretic components. METHODS Six eight-week old cockerels were fed 0.5 millicuries per day of a P32 solution contained in oil coated gelatin capsules. On the sixth and on the tenth day three chickens were sacrificed, the blood collected, and the …
Wh-in-Situ in Mandarin Chinese

It is controversial whether an in-situ wh-phrase in Mandarin Chinese (MC) undergoes covert (LF) movement to its scope position (Huang 1982, Xu 1990, Lin 1992, Aoun and Li 1993, Tsai 1994, 1999, Cole and Hermon 1998). Recent studies (e.g. Tsai 1994, 1999, Cole and Hermon 1998) have argued that wh-phrases fall into two groups, nominal and adverbial, and that only adverbial wh-phrases (e.g. weishenme 'reason-why') raise to their scope position at LF, while nominal wh-phrases (e.g. shenme 'what', shei 'who', na Numeral Classifier N ('which N', nali 'where', and wei-le shenme 'purpose-why') do not. The claim is based on the fact that unlike a nominal wh-phrase, an adverbial wh-phrase may not take scope across an island (Huang 1982, Xu 1990, Lin 1992, Tsai 1994, 1999). In this squib I argue that both adverbial and nominal wh-phrases undergo covert raising (huang 1982). I show that an adverbial wh-phrase in MC undergoes covert feature movement, while a nominal wh-phrase undergoes covert phrasal movement.
Sediment database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States

[1] Improving the scientific understanding of erosion and sedimentation processes within semiarid rangeland watersheds has been a primary objective of data collection on the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed since its establishment in 1953. Sampling instruments and techniques are described, including the traversing slot sediment sampler, pump samplers on both V notch weirs and H flumes, and stock tank sedimentation surveys. Sediment collected at the outlets of seven small watersheds and long-term data collected through stock tank sedimentation surveys at eight sites dating from the 1950s are described. Data are available at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/.
Auditor environmental assessments

Abstract Classic rule-based systems appeared to have enormous potential for accounting and auditing problems. Unfortunately, there has been limited adoption of those systems. Why have those systems not lived up to their promise? This paper pursues one potential explanation. Typically, expert systems require that the user provides it with environmental assessments. Unfortunately, those assessments vary based on who is making the assessment. This paper finds that a group of partners and managers, when compared to a group of staff, each generated different environmental assessments to the same situation. However, in a rule-based system, different assessments can lead the user to different recommendations. As a result, different users in the same situations can generate different solutions from the same system. Accordingly, the quality of the recommendations from an expert systems are not “user neutral.”.
Preparedness of the CTSA's Structural and Scientific Assets to Support the Mission of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)

The formation of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) brings new promise for moving basic and discoveries to clinical practice, ultimately improving the health of the nation. The CTSA sites, now housed with NCATS, are organized and prepared to support in this endeavor. The CTSAs provide a foundation for capitalizing on such promise through provision of a disease-agnostic infrastructure devoted to C&T science, maintenance of training programs designed for C&T investigators of the future, by incentivizing institutional reorganization and by cultivating institutional support.
“Life Is a Verb”: Inflections of Artificial Life in Cultural Context

This review essay surveys recent literature in the history of science, literary theory, anthropology, and art criticism dedicated to exploring how the artificial life enterprise has been inflected by---and might also reshape---existing social, historical, cognitive, and cultural frames of thought and action. The piece works through various possible interpretations of Kevin Kelly's phrase “life is a verb,” in order to track recent shifts in cultural studies of artificial life from an aesthetic of critique to an aesthetic of conversation, discerning in the process different styles of translating between the concerns of the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and sciences of the artificial.
Oil Migration in a Major Growth Fault: Structural Analysis of the Pathfinder Core, South Eugene Island Block 330, Offshore Louisiana

The Pathfinder core, collected in the South Eugene Island Block 330 field, offshore Louisiana, provides an outstanding sample of structures associated with a major growth fault that abuts a giant oil field and that is thought to have acted as a conduit for hydrocarbon migration into the producing reservoirs. Where cored, the growth-fault zone cuts semiconsolidated Pliocene-Pleistocene mudstone and is over 100 m wide. The fault zone in the core consists of three structural domains, each characterized by a distinct rock type, distribution of fault dips and dip azimuths, and distribution of spacing between adjacent faults and fractures. Although all of the domains contain oil-bearing sands, only faults and fractures in the deepest domain contain oil, even though the oil-barren fault domains contain numerous faults and fractures that are parallel to those containing oil in the deepest domain. The deepest domain is also distinguished from the other two domains by a greater degree of structural complexity and by a well-defined power-law distribution of fault and fracture spacings. Sediments in this domain behaved as competent rock with respect to fault and fracture spacing, whereas the departure from power-law distribution of fault and fracture spacing in the other two domains may reflect deformation of unconsolidated sediment. This departure from a power-law spacing distribution in the upper two domains, combined with stable isotope data that indicate low-temperature water-rock interaction within a gouge zone that separates these two fault domains, indicates that the faults in those domains may have been active only early in the history of the growth fault zone, when the sampled sediments were at shallow burial depths. Thus, these faults may predate oil migration. In contrast, the faults in the oil-bearing domain appear to have been active later in the fault zones history, when the sediments faulted as competent rock and when geologic and organic geochemical investigations indicate oil migrated into the Block 330 reservoirs. Even though oil is present in sands throughout the core, its restriction to faults and fractures in the youngest sampled portion of the fault zone implies that oil migrated only through that part of the fault that was active during the time when oil had access to it. The absence of oil in fractures or faults in the other, probably older, fault domains indicates that the oil was never sufficiently pressured to flow up the fault zone on its own, either by hydraulic fracture or by increased permeability as a result of decreased effective stress. Instead, fluid migration along faults and fractures in the Pathfinder core was enhanced by permeability created in response to relatively far-field stresses related to minibasin subsidence.
Additional Validity Evidence and Across-Group Equivalency of the HOPE Teacher Rating Scale:

The HOPE Scale was developed to identify academic and social components of giftedness and talent in elementary-aged students with particular attention to students from low-income and/or culturally diverse families. Based on previous findings, additional research was conducted on revisions made to the HOPE Scale. Items were added, and 71 teachers completed the HOPE Scale on 1,700 diverse students. The HOPE Scale was evaluated for differential item and test functioning with regard to gender, ethnic/racial, and income groups. Differential item functioning was not found with ethnic/racial or income group membership, but it existed for gender. HOPE Scale scores were also compared with achievement test scores to contribute criterion-related validity information. Results indicate that HOPE Scale scores account for approximately 52% to 58% of achievement test scores.
Optimization of mounting large crystal arrays to photomultiplier tubes

This work reports on the development of mounting techniques of multi-element crystal arrays to position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs) for the micro crystal element scanner (MiCES). MiCES will consist of four rings of 18 detector modules. The crystal array for each detector is a 22 /spl times/ 22 grid of 0.8 /spl times/ 0.8 /spl times/ 10 mm mixed lutetium silicate (MLS) crystals set at 0.9 mm centers and framed for rigidity to compose a 19.94 mm square. The PSPMTs used are Hamamatsu R8520-00-C12. The MiCE crystal arrays are slightly larger than the dimensions of the anode strips of the PSPMT. Therefore the detector module assembly requires precision alignment of the crystal array with the PMT optics for optimum decoding. An alignment jig has been constructed to aid in the initial positioning of the crystal arrays. The crystal arrays are glued to the PSPMT using Histomount (National Diagnostics) glue. It has excellent transmittance at MLS peak emission wavelength. Its relatively long curing time allows crystal map measurements followed by slight repositioning of the crystal arrays before the glue fully sets. Tapping down the crystals was found to significantly improve the amount of light collected. The optimum location of the crystal array was found to be centered in X and offset by 0.6 mm toward the red pin 1 marker in Y for 17 out of the initial 18 detector modules constructed. One module required an alternate array offset of 0.25 mm in Y. A complete summary of the results and assembly technique are provided.
Effects of arousal and sleep state on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in obstructive apnea

During obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), systemic (Psa) and pulmonary (Ppa) arterial pressures acutely increase after apnea termination, whereas left and right ventricular stroke volumes (SV) reach a ...
Effects of epoetin alfa on cognitive function, mood, asthenia, and quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract Several recently published studies describe moderate to severe cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer survivors who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy 1-5 years before undergoing extensive neuropsychological testing. While these studies are hypothesis-generating and preliminary given their small size and retrospective nature, they consistently suggest that between approximately 15% and 25% of chemotherapytreated breast cancer patients will have evidence of cognitive dysfunction some years after chemotherapy, compared to about 10% of breast cancer survivors who did not receive chemotherapy. Recent preclinical data strongly suggest that erythropoetin is a potent, endogenous neuroprotective agent that prevents neuronal apoptosis from a variety of insults including hypoxia, trauma, subarachnoidal hemorrhage, and encephalitis. Erythropoietin also appears to enhance learning in a mouse spatial learning maze model. We have conducted a pilot study of epoetin alfa versus placebo in early-stage breast cancer patients who received standard adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy to determine the feasibility of administering standardized neurocognitive assessment tests in the oncology practice setting in order to understand whether the Executive Interview 25 test can detect the subtle cognitive impairment in verbal fluency, attention, and short-term memory observed with chemotherapy, and to assess whether epoetin alfa—treated patients have less evidence of cognitive dysfunction during and 6 months after chemotherapy compared with control-treated patients. We report here the preliminary results of this pilot clinical trial.
Comparative efficacy of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) versus a speech-generating device: Effects on requesting skills

A B S T R A C T An experimental, single-subject research study investigated the comparative efficacy of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) versus a speech-generating device (SGD) in developing requesting skills for three elementary-age children with severe autism and little to no functional speech. Results demonstrated increases in requesting behavior for all participants across intervention phases with both augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention strategies; however, difficulties were observed with picture discrimination. The Wilcoxon signed pair test did not reveal significant differences between PECS and the SGD for any participant. Findings suggest PECS and SGD are equally appropriate for developing initial requesting skills. Based on the current findings, successful implementation of either AAC strategy is achievable when appropriate instructional strategies are used.
Evaluation of the priority heuristic as a descriptive model of risky decision making: comment on Brandstätter, Gigerenzer, and Hertwig (2006).

E. Brandstatter, G. Gigerenzer, and R. Hertwig (2006) contended that their priority heuristic, a type of lexicographic semiorder model, is more accurate than cumulative prospect theory (CPT) or transfer of attention exchange (TAX) models in describing risky decisions. However, there are 4 problems with their argument. First, their heuristic is not descriptive of certain data that they did not review. Second, their analysis relied on a global index of fit, percentage of correct predictions of the modal choice. Such analyses can lead to wrong conclusions when parameters are not properly estimated from the data. When parameters are estimated from the data, CPT and TAX fit the D. Kahneman and A. Tversky (1979) data perfectly. Reanalysis shows that TAX and CPT do as well as the priority heuristic for 2 of the data sets reviewed and outperform the priority heuristic for the other 3. Third, when 2 of these sets of data are reexamined, the priority heuristic is seen to make systematic violations. Fourth, new critical implications have been devised for testing the family of lexicographic semiorders including the priority heuristic; new results with these critical tests show systematic evidence against lexicographic semiorder models.
Homer Binds a Novel Proline-Rich Motif and Links Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors with IP3 Receptors

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) activate PI turnover and thereby trigger intracellular calcium release. Previously, we demonstrated that mGluRs form natural complexes with members of a family of Homer-related synaptic proteins. Here, we present evidence that Homer proteins form a physical tether linking mGluRs with the inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R). A novel proline-rich "Homer ligand" (PPXXFr) is identified in group 1 mGluRs and IP3R, and these receptors coimmunoprecipitate as a complex with Homer from brain. Expression of the IEG form of Homer, which lacks the ability to cross-link, modulates mGluR-induced intracellular calcium release. These studies identify a novel mechanism in calcium signaling and provide evidence that an IEG, whose expression is driven by synaptic activity, can directly modify a specific synaptic function.
Influence of Nitrogen and Sulfur on Biomass Production and Carotenoid and Glucosinolate Concentrations in Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a perennial herb rich in the secondary metabolites of glucosinolates and carotenoids. 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, the predominate isothiocyanate hydrolysis product in watercress, can reduce carcinogen activation through inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) have been shown to influence concentrations of both glucosinolates and carotenoids in a variety of vegetable crops. Our research objectives were to determine how several levels of N and S fertility interact to affect watercress plant tissue biomass production, tissue C/N ratios, concentrations of plant pigments, and glucosinolate concentrations. Watercress was grown using nutrient solution culture under a three by three factorial arrangement, with three S (8, 16, and 32 mg/L) and three N (6, 56, and 106 mg/L) fertility concentrations. Watercress shoot tissue biomass, tissue %N, and tissue C/N ratios were influenced by N but were unaffected by changes in S concentrations or by the interaction of NxS. Tissue pigment concentrations of beta-carotene, lutein, 5,6-epoxylutein, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and the chlorophyll pigments responded to changes in N treatment concentrations but were unaffected by S concentrations or through N x S interactions. Watercress tissue concentrations of aromatic, indole, and total glucosinolate concentrations responded to changes in N treatments; whereas aliphatic, aromatic, and total glucosinolates responded to changes in S treatment concentrations. Individual glucosinolates of glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and gluconasturriin responded to N fertility treatments, while gluconapin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturiin responded to changes in S fertility concentrations. Increases in carotenoid and glucosinolate concentrations through fertility management would be expected to influence the nutritional value of watercress in human diets.
Social capital and business giving to charity following a natural disaster: An empirical assessment

Abstract This study examines the participation of local businesses in disaster relief efforts in their own communities. We utilize a unique survey of 463 businesses in Pitt County, North Carolina, collected shortly after devastating flooding caused by Hurricane Floyd. Our results indicate that managerial social capital especially through religious participation is positively related to provision of assistance to employees as well as making cash contributions and the value of cash donations. Manager ties to civic organizations positively predict in-kind donations including temporarily loaning vehicles and equipment to relief efforts. Local branches of national chains were less likely than locally owned franchises to provide assistance to employees and less likely than independent local businesses to provide in-kind contributions. We do not find evidence that business charitable giving is affected by the number of years the business operated in the community or the number of years the owner or manager has lived in the area.
Anti-atherogenic effects of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, avasimibe (CI-1011), in cultured primary human macrophages

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors have been shown to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in animals; however, the mechanism(s) for this effect remains unclear. Therefore, we used cultured primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMMs) to examine the effect of the ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe (CI-1011), during foam cell formation and during cholesterol efflux from established foam cells. To examine the effect of CI-1011 on foam cell development, HMMs were incubated with aggregated acetylated LDL (ag-acLDL)+/-CI-1011 for 48 h. Total cholesterol (TC) was 29% lower in HMMs incubated with ag-acLDL and CI-1011 compared with ag-acLDL (P<0.05). To determine if TC reduction was due to reduced ag-acLDL uptake by CI-1011, 125I-acLDL binding at 4 degrees C for 4 h to HMMs preincubated with acLDL or ag-acLDL, CI-1011, acLDL+CI-1011, or ag-acLDL+CI-1011 for 48 h was measured. Specific binding was 40% lower in cells preincubated with acLDL+CI-1011, 52% lower in cells preincubated with ag-acLDL+CI-1011 and 49% lower in cells preincubated with CI-1011 compared with cells preincubated with acLDL (P<0.0003). Because CI-1011 appeared to directly affect acLDL binding, 125I-acLDL (3-80 microg protein/ml) binding was done in HMMs preincubated with CI-1011 (0-10 microg/ml) for 48 h. The calculated B(max) decreased in HMMs exposed to increasing concentrations of CI-1011, suggesting that CI-1011 altered scavenger receptor function and/or number. To examine the effects of CI-1011 on cholesterol efflux from established foam cells, we first examined whether CI-1011 was cytotoxic. HMMs were preincubated with ag-acLDL for 24 h, and then radiolabeled with [14C]adenine for 2 h (time zero). The radiolabeled cells were exposed to control RPMI medium or the same medium+HDL, CI-1011, or HDL+CI-1011 for 24 h. The release of [14C]adenine into the medium was not significantly different between cells exposed to RPMI, HDL, CI-1011, or HDL+CI-1011, suggesting that CI-1011 was not cytotoxic. Foam cells exposed to RPMI and CI-1011 (1-10 microg/ml) for 48 h showed time dependent reduction in cellular TC mass, with a corresponding increase in radiolabeled unesterified cholesterol into the medium. We then asked whether CI-1011 enhanced apoE mediated cholesterol efflux. Although cellular apoE increased between 2- and 7-fold in foam cells compared to control macrophages, apoE secreted into the medium was not significantly different between cells exposed to RPMI or CI-1011. Thus, CI-1011 exerted anti-atherogenic effects by reducing TC accumulation, inhibiting acLDL binding, and by limiting lipid storage in HMMs.
Motives for Giving: A Reanalysis of Two Classic Public Goods Experiments

Experimental work in economics prompted the development of theories of other-regarding behavior. In this article we reanalyze two classic public goods experiments and focus on the nature of individuals' responses to others' behavior in order to help distinguish alternative motives for giving, including altruism, warm glow, reciprocity, and inequality aversion. Analysis that allows for asymmetric feedback responses generates support for inequality aversion motives but little for reciprocity (matching), altruism, and warm glow. We conclude that individual-level analysis of existing public goods data can provide more insightful, informative estimates of treatment effects.
Games of entangled agents

AbstractThe paper extends the mathematical formalism of quantum physics to include games of intelligent agents that communicate due to entanglement. The novelty of the approach is based upon a human factor-based behavioral model of an intelligent agent. The model is quantum inspired: it is represented by a modified Madelung equation in which the gradient of quantum potential is replaced by a specially chosen information force. It consists of motor dynamics simulating actual behavior of the agent, and mental dynamics representing evolution of the corresponding knowledge base and incorporating this knowledge in the form of information flows into the motor dynamics. Due to feedback from mental dynamics, the motor dynamics attains quantum-like properties: its trajectory splits into a family of different trajectories, and each of those trajectories can be chosen with the probability prescribed by the mental dynamics; each agent is entangled (in a quantum way) to other agents and makes calculated predictions fo...
Choices Women Make: Agency in Domestic Violence, Assisted Reproduction, and Sex Work by Carisa R. Showden

Carisa Showden could not have chosen a hotter button in feminist scholarship for her first book than women's agency. The intellectual and political quandaries inherent in the ideas of agency, auton...
Renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure and ANF in exaggerated natriuresis of the SHR

The Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has exaggerated natriuretic and diuretic responses to acute volume expansion in comparison with the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. The objective of these experiments was to determine the role of renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in these natriuretic and diuretic responses of the SHR and the WKY rat. Two groups each of SHRs and WKY rats were used in this study. In one group of each, both kidneys were acutely decapsulated, and in the remaining two groups the renal capsules were left intact (control). In both control SHR (n = 6) and WKY (n = 7) groups, volume expansion was associated with a significant increase in RIHP (from 5.0 +/- 0.5 to 7.1 +/- 0.6 mmHg in SHR group and from 6.0 +/- 0.5 to 9.4 +/- 0.3 mmHg in WKY rat group) and a high level of plasma ANF (PANF). The increase in RIHP was significantly lower in the control SHR group compared with that of control WKY rat group (2.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg; P less than 0.05), whereas PANF was significantly higher in the SHR group (848 +/- 151 pg/ml) compared with that of the WKY group (503 +/- 37 pg/ml) at the end of the volume-expansion period. When the increase in RIHP that occurs during volume expansion in the SHR is blunted by acute bilateral renal decapsulation, the natriuretic and diuretic responses are significantly attenuated despite levels of PANF that are similar to those measured in the control SHR group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
What do we know? not much: the state of leisure and aging research.

(2000). What Do We Know? Not much: The State of Leisure and Aging Research. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 97-100.
CellECT: cell evolution capturing tool

Robust methods for the segmentation and analysis of cells in 3D time sequences (3D+t) are critical for quantitative cell biology. While many automated methods for segmentation perform very well, few generalize reliably to diverse datasets. Such automated methods could significantly benefit from at least minimal user guidance. Identification and correction of segmentation errors in time-series data is of prime importance for proper validation of the subsequent analysis. The primary contribution of this work is a novel method for interactive segmentation and analysis of microscopy data, which learns from and guides user interactions to improve overall segmentation. We introduce an interactive cell analysis application, called CellECT, for 3D+t microscopy datasets. The core segmentation tool is watershed-based and allows the user to add, remove or modify existing segments by means of manipulating guidance markers. A confidence metric learns from the user interaction and highlights regions of uncertainty in the segmentation for the user’s attention. User corrected segmentations are then propagated to neighboring time points. The analysis tool computes local and global statistics for various cell measurements over the time sequence. Detailed results on two large datasets containing membrane and nuclei data are presented: a 3D+t confocal microscopy dataset of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata consisting of 18 time points, and a 3D+t single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) dataset consisting of 192 time points. Additionally, CellECT was used to segment a large population of jigsaw-puzzle shaped epidermal cells from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. The cell coordinates obtained using CellECT are compared to those of manually segmented cells. CellECT provides tools for convenient segmentation and analysis of 3D+t membrane datasets by incorporating human interaction into automated algorithms. Users can modify segmentation results through the help of guidance markers, and an adaptive confidence metric highlights problematic regions. Segmentations can be propagated to multiple time points, and once a segmentation is available for a time sequence cells can be analyzed to observe trends. The segmentation and analysis tools presented here generalize well to membrane or cell wall volumetric time series datasets.
Travel Model Blind Spots: Importance of Understanding Special Markets Related to Visitors

In many small and medium-sized communities, the need to reflect the unique characteristics of travel by special markets is an important consideration. Visitor travel is a special market for many communities that enjoy the benefits of being a destination for visitors from outside the region. Visitor travel can affect the transportation system in a community as well as benefiting the economy. Visitor travel is often not modeled explicitly because of the cost associated with collecting behaviorally rich survey data to support model development. This paper presents a low-cost option for collecting travel behavior data for special markets through the administration of a small-sample intercept survey of persons staying in recreational vehicle (RV) campgrounds in the French Broad River region of North Carolina. Analysis of the survey data showed that travel by these surveyed RV households was different from both retired and seasonal part-time resident households, captured in the region’s household travel survey....
Educating Linguistically Diverse Students: A Mixed Methods Study of Elementary Teachers' Coursework, Attitudes, and Practice.

This study followed a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Phase I involved the collection of quantitative data to examine inservice teachers’ ( N =69) attitudes about language and linguistic diversity as well as their teacher education coursework. All participants were graduates from the same teacher education program. Phase II included interviews with a subsample ( n= 9) of Phase I participants. The interviews were used to explain teachers’ attitudes and practices with regard to linguistically diverse students and special education. Findings indicate that teachers’ professional practice vary based on teachers’ understanding of and attitudes about policy, assessment, and instructional practice. Findings suggest that teachers’ actual professional practice is inextricably linked to and contextualized in classroom, school, and district structures. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
Paranormal Belief and Trait Anxiety

73 college students completed the Paranormal Belief Scale and the Trait Anxiety Scale. Contrary to hypotheses, neither full Paranormal Scale Scores nor any of seven paranormal subscale scores showed significant correlations with Trait Anxiety Scale scores. These findings support the notion that paranormal beliefs are not associated with less adequate adjustment.
280 EFFECT OF LYE (NaOH) EXPOSURE ON THE PERMEABILITY OF RABBIT ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIUM

Aim/Background We previously reported that lye (NaOH) injury (Gastroenterology 1991;100:A128) to esophageal epithelium was time and concentration dependent, as shown by electrical and morphologic evaluation. In this investigation we extend these observations by determining the effects of lye using direct measurements of esophageal permeability. Methods Rabbit esophageal epithelium was mounted in Ussing chambers and the tissues bathed in 10 mM HEPES-buffered solution bubbled with 100% O2. The electrical potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), and transepithelial resistance (RT) were monitored during stepwise luminal exposure to NaOH at pHs ranging from 7.4-12.0 or to a fixed concentration of NaOH. Before and after exposure, tissue permeability was assessed by adding 4 kD FITC-labeled dextrans to the luminal bath and measuring its flux into the serosal solution at 45 and 90 minutes. Results Luminal pHs ≤ 11 had no observable effect on electrical or morphologic parameters of the tissue but when luminal pH was increased to 11.5, there was an abrupt increase in esophageal PD and Isc and a decline in RT. When luminal pH was increased to 12, PD and Isc rose briefly and then fell progressively to zero by 40 minutes while RT rapidly declined to zero over the same time frame. 4 kD FITC-dextran fluxes were performed at fixed pHs of 8.6, 11.7, and 12.1 yielding values of 3-, 28-, and 167-fold over those for control pH 7.4 respectively. As with the electrical parameters, the dextran fluxes were observed to be both time and concentration dependent. Conclusions Lye injury to esophageal epithelium is time and concentration dependent. It is initiated at luminal pHs of 11.5 and manifest by injury to the cellular and paracellular pathways as reflected by electrical, morphological, and functional changes in epithelial permeability. Support: NIH DK36013.
PRIMS System Application in Engine Plant

In the past engineering data was maintained by manufacturing disciplines in the form of personal routing books and aperture cards stored in filing cabinets.This mostly paper-based system lead to the generation and storage of redundant information across the Plant and Powertrain.The goal of PRIMS was to maintain a central repository for engineering documentation that would encourage the sharing of information and reduce duplication of effort among process engineers.For the daily operations of our plant production,maintenance,repair work to provide more convenient service.
The sprinkler problem – a mathematician waters the lawn

You never know from where your next mathematical problem will come. I was surprised to find it, literally, in my own back yard. Recently, I was trying to determine the optimal way to water the lawn. I say ‘optimal’ because there are a couple of constraints that I try to minimise. First, I try to minimise the area of the wasted water. Water is wasted if it lands on the concrete that borders the lawn or if it lands on a region of the grass that has already been watered. Second, I try to minimise the number of times that I have to move the sprinkler. More often than not, I forget to move it anyway. So, it might as well be as a minimum.