cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Transcoding of “Women Empowerment” as “Empoderamiento de la Mujer”: a Post-colonial Translation Theory for Transnational Feminist Rhetorics

In the work of transnational feminist scholars, there is a share interest in investigating the colonial practices that affect women’s lives around the globe. In “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses” (1986) Mohanty claims that scholars in the field should “detect (…) colonialist move(s) in the case of a hegemonic first-third world connection in scholarship” (349) in order to recognize the peculiarities of the cultures whose discourses are being created and thus, avoid the universalization and “homogenization of class, race, religious, cultural and historical specificities of the lives of women” (348). In this regard, Dingo touches upon the vital role of translations in the transcoding of arguments: “the way policy makers and development experts translate the term gender mainstreaming into policy documents should be a crucial concern for feminist rhetoritians because this act of translation demonstrates how arguments shift and change due to economic and geopolitical contexts and thus shows how power informs rhetorics” (2012: 31). Dingo´s conceptualization of the term “translation” is ambiguous, sometimes used to refer to “transcoding” (resituate a taken-for-granted term within the same language in order to fit certain ideologies, 31) and other times as the transfer of words from the source language to the target language (104). In this article, I aim to investigate the “transcoding” of the concept "women empowerment" as it is translated from English to Spanish and vice versa with the attempt to “make visible the ways in which all of our knowledge is mediated” (Queen 2008: 486) from the perspective of a post-colonial theory of translation.
Comparison of the Frequency of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Renal Transplant Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are established modalities of coronary revascularization. Choosing between the two requires taking into consideration not only disease severity, patient characteristics, and expected outcomes but also adverse effects. One such adverse effect is acute kidney injury (AKI), especially when considering coronary revascularization in patients with renal transplant (RT). We searched the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2014 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for patients with RT (V42.0) who underwent PCI (00.66, 36.06, and 36.07) and CABG (36.1×, 36.2, and 36.3×). We further identified patients with AKI (584.5, 584.6, 584.7, 584.8, and 584.9) and those on dialysis (39.95). The propensity score model/method was used to form matched cohorts for PCI and CABG. We compared the incidence of AKI and AKI requiring dialysis in CABG and PCI groups. We identified 1,871 patients who underwent PCI and 1,878 patients who underwent CABG after propensity score matching. We found the incidence of both AKI (22% vs 38%, odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.91 to 2.54, p <0.0001) and AKI requiring dialysis (1% vs 3%, odds ratio 2.50, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 4.19, p = 0.001) to be significantly higher in the CABG compared with the PCI cohort. In conclusion, the results of the study reflect the importance of accounting for the RT status before choosing between PCI and CABG for coronary revascularization.
When encryption is not enough: privacy attacks in content-centric networking

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a network architecture for transferring named content from producers to consumers upon request. The name-to-content binding is cryptographically enforced with a digital signature generated by the producer. Thus, content integrity and origin authenticity are core features of CCN. In contrast, content confidentiality and privacy are left to the applications. The typically advocated approach for protecting sensitive content is to use encryption, i.e., restrict access to those who have appropriate decryption key(s). Moreover, content is typically encrypted once for identical requests, meaning that many consumers obtain the same encrypted content. From a privacy perspective, this is a step backwards from the "secure channel" approach in today's IP-based Internet, e.g., TLS or IPSec. In this paper, we assess the privacy pitfalls of this approach, particularly, when the adversary learns some auxiliary information about popularity of certain plaintext content. Merely by observing (or learning) the frequency of requested content, the adversary can learn which encrypted corresponds to which plaintext data. We evaluate this attack using a custom CCN simulator and show that even moderately accurate popularity information suffices for accurate mapping. We also show how the adversary can exploit caches to learn content popularity information. The adversary needs to know the content namespace in order to succeed. Our results show that encryption-based access control is insufficient for privacy in CCN. More extensive counter-measures (such as namespace restrictions and content replication) are needed to mitigate the attack.
Queer Settlers in a One-Room Schoolhouse: A Decolonial Queerscape Pedagogy

Garrett W. Nichols calls for a rethinking of the classroom as space for disrupting heteronormative discourses—discourses that Nichols links to settler colonialism—to open a space where we can hear, or sometimes re-hear, queer voices. Settler colonialism is a heteronormative project that relies on rhetorics of reproductive “inheritance” to naturalize the erasure of indigenous cultures. Pedagogies attuned to the realities of heteronormativity and settler colonialism require a pedagogical commitment to interrupting these discourses, especially in institutional structures whose existence relies on and supports settler ideologies. Queerscapes, per Gordon Brent Ingram, are spaces and planes of queer alliances formed within and overlapping with heteronormative spaces; the university classroom, with its imbricated personal histories, institutional memories, and power dynamics, is always-already a queerscape. Importantly, the classroom is also a “settlerscape,” composed of the multiple subjectivities that constitute modern settler society and made meaningful through histories of indigenous displacement. Recognizing this dynamic opens a space for unheard queer voices, argues Nichols, and lets us “re-hear” how non-queer stories and perspectives are made meaningful through their unspoken proximity to queerness and colonization. Nichols proposes a decolonial queerscape pedagogy that foregrounds the marginalized and oppressed identities that populate every classroom, while also denaturalizing the supposedly “natural” and “inevitable” rhetorics of heteronormativity, white supremacy, and settler colonization that inform the American academy.
Circular polarization in a spherical basis

Circular polarization of the cosmic microwave background arises in the standard cosmological model from Faraday conversion of the linear polarization generated at the surface of last scatter by various sources of birefringence along the line of sight. If the sources of birefringence are generated at linear order in primordial density perturbations, the principal axes of the index-of-refraction tensor are determined by gradients of the primordial density field. Since linear polarization at the surface of last scatter is generated at linear order in density perturbations, the circular polarization thus arises at second order in primordial perturbations. Here, we revisit the calculation of the circular polarization using the total-angular-momentum formalism, which allows for some simplifications in the calculation of the angular power spectrum of the circular polarization---especially for the dominant photon-photon scattering contribution---and also provides some new intuition.
Variation in Macrophage Phagocytosis of Streptococcus agalactiae Does Not Reflect Bacterial Capsular Serotype, Multilocus Sequence Type, or Association with Invasive Infection.

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an encapsulated Gram-positive coccus that is an important cause of infections in adults with chronic medical conditions, pregnant women, and neonates. GBS causes a range of clinical syndromes, from asymptomatic colonization to deep-seated invasive and highly lethal infections. Macrophages are important sentinels of innate immunity, protecting host tissues from infection when bacteria advance beyond cutaneous or mucosal barriers. We hypothesized that the capacity for macrophages to phagocytose unopsonized GBS would vary across distinct clinical strains, and such differences would reflect serotype diversity. Methods: A high-throughput screen using the phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like human cell line was used to quantify phagocytosis of a diverse group of 35 different human clinical isolates of GBS representing a wide variety of capsular serotypes. Validation studies were conducted using human primary phagocytes. Results: Phagocytosis of GBS differed widely across clinical isolates but this was not related to capsular serotype, genetic sequence type, pilus type, or clinical source of the GBS isolate (colonizing or invasive strain). Conclusions: Structural and/or biochemical differences among diverse GBS strains are reflected in a diverse capacity for macrophages to ingest them through non-opsonic phagocytosis. Mechanisms explaining these differences are not clear. Keywords: Neonatal sepsis; innate immunity; macrophages; Gram-positive bacteria; diabetes
Eulerian Digraphs and Oriented Trees

A famous problem which goes back to Euler asks for what graphs G is there a closed walk which uses every edge exactly once. (There is also a version for non-closed walks.) Such a walk is called an Eulerian tour (also known as an Eulerian cycle). A graph which has an Eulerian tour is called an Eulerian graph. Euler’s famous theorem (the first real theorem of graph theory) states that a graph G without isolated vertices (which clearly would be irrelevant) is Eulerian if and only if it is connected and every vertex has even degree. Here we will be concerned with the analogous theorem for directed graphs. We want to know not just whether an Eulerian tour exists, but also how many there are. We will prove an elegant determinantal formula for this number closely related to the Matrix-Tree Theorem. For the case of undirected graphs no analogous formula is known, explaining why we consider only the directed case.
Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Male Factor Infertility

The work up of the infertile couple should begin after 1 year of unprotected intercourse or sooner if infertility risk factors are present. A thorough history and physical examination are key components of the evaluation and should not be underestimated, as varicoceles and other causes of male factor infertility can easily be identified. The semen analysis is the only laboratory test that should be obtained in all patients. On the basis of the history, physical examination, and semen analysis, the decision to pursue further testing and the type of testing should be methodical and aimed at refining the differential diagnosis. This will allow the clinician to counsel the infertile couple about appropriate management options.
Resonance Raman Spectra of Model Metallo Porphins

The discovery of the laser and its subsequent use as an irradiating source in Raman spectroscopy made it possible to investigate routinely highly-coloured gases1, doped crystals2, 1iquids3,4,5 and solids5. In many cases, however, the incident light has a wavelength which lies within or near the contour of the electronic absorption band. Under such conditions the light is strongly absorbed with rapid heating of the sample which now refracts and diffuses the light into a cone. All the useful features of the laser irradiation are now destroyed and one is surrounded by the well known difficulties associated with scattering from a Hg arc lamp4.
Untreated insomnia increases all-cause health care utilization and costs among Medicare beneficiaries

Study objectives To examine the impact of untreated insomnia on health care utilization (HCU) among a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Methods Our data source was a random 5% sample of Medicare administrative data for years 2006-2013. Insomnia was operationalized as the presence of at least one claim containing an insomnia-related diagnosis in any given year based on International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification codes or at least one prescription fill for an insomnia-related medication in Part D prescription drug files in each year. We compared HCU in the year prior to insomnia diagnosis to HCU among to non-sleep disordered controls during the same period. Results A total of 151 668 beneficiaries were found to have insomnia. Compared to controls (n = 333 038), beneficiaries with insomnia had higher rates of HCU across all point of service locations. Rates of HCU were highest for inpatient care (rate ratio [RR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59, 1.64) and lowest for prescription fills (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.16, 1.17). Similarly, compared to controls, beneficiaries with insomnia demonstrated $63,607 (95% CI $60,532, $66,685) higher all-cause costs, which were driven primarily by inpatient care ($60,900; 95% CI $56,609, $65,191). Emergency department ($1,492; 95% CI $1,387, $1,596) and prescription costs ($486; 95% CI $454, $518) were also elevated among cases relative to controls. Conclusions In this randomly selected and nationally representative sample of older Medicare beneficiaries and compared to non-sleep disordered controls, individuals with untreated insomnia demonstrated increased HCU and costs across all points of service.
“Well I hate to admit it but I can’t remember”

In this book, I examine the ways in which participant frameworks, physical environments, activity types, and interactional goals shape how cognitive challenges and strengths are navigated as “our mental states make contact with the world” (Hughes, Thinking through dementia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011: 265)—and, crucially, how these aspects of context impact the self-esteem of individuals with dementia and their conversational partners. To this end, I analyze the language used in everyday conversations, medical visits, memory loss support group meetings, and specially designed art gallery tours through the lens of epistemic discourse analysis (van Dijk, Discourse Studies, 15, 497–500, 2013; Heritage, Research on Language and Social Interaction (ROLSI), 45, 30–52, 2012) in combination with Goffman’s (Interaction ritual. Garden City: Anchor Books, 1967; Relations in public. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1971) and Brown and Levinson’s (Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) insights into face maintenance in everyday social interaction. I explore how individuals’ changes in cognition may impact the faces of these individuals, leaving some to feel ashamed, anxious, or angry; others to feel patronized, infantilized, or overly dependent; and still others to feel threatened in both ways. In this examination, I keep in clear and central focus the important discursive choices made by healthy interactional partners that may end up minimizing or exacerbating these feelings.
Trends in Hospitalization for Infective Endocarditis as a Reason for Admission or a Secondary Diagnosis.

We postulate that the trends for infective endocarditis (IE) are different for patients admitted for this condition compared with those admitted for a different reason with IE as a secondary diagnosis. Using the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System (MIDAS) database, we analyzed 21,443 records of patients hospitalized with diagnosis of IE from 1994 to 2015. There were 9,191 patients hospitalized with IE as the primary diagnosis, and 12,252 patients with IE as a secondary diagnosis. Piecewise linear models were used to detect changes in trends. A bootstrap method was used to assess the statistical significance of the slopes and break point of each model. Differences in co-morbidities and microbiological patterns were analyzed. Trend analysis showed a significant decrease in IE as the primary diagnosis starting in the year 2004 (p
Predictors of Mortality in Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis with Heart Failure

Cardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis (AL) occurs in ~50% of all AL patients. However once symptomatic heart failure develops, therapeutic options are limited thereby conferring a poor overall prognosis. The median survival is <6 months when AL patients are untreated for the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. We thus sought to identify risk factors of increased mortality in treatment-naive, AL cardiac amyloidosis with heart failure. Patients with biopsy-proven AL cardiac amyloid, who presented with heart failure and did not received prior AL treatment, were enrolled between 2004–2014, at the initial visit to the Amyloidosis Center at Boston University Medical Center. Routine laboratory tests, physical examination and echocardiography data were collected. There were 165 predominantly white (76.4%), and male (61%) patients, with a mean age of 61.6 ± 9.5 years. Median survival was 10.9 months (95% CI 6.2–14.7). By multivariate analysis increased relative wall thickness (RWT) [HR 6.70; 95% CI 2.45–18.30), older age (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06), higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.02–2.2), log brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15–1.81) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.04) were significant predictors for increased mortality. In conclusion, in treatment-naive, AL cardiac amyloidosis patients with heart failure symptoms who lack these high-risk features may have a better outcome. These findings might allow for better risk stratification although outcomes are still poor.
“Gobiernos corporativos”: comparación entre Chile, Perú y Colombia como socios del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA)

La presente investigacion consiste en una comparacion entre Chile, Peru y Colombia como socios del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano, a partir del analisis de las estructuras que forman parte de los Gobiernos Corporativos, considerando mecanismos externos privados, mecanismos internos, y por ultimo, mecanismos externos regulatorios. Dicho analisis se realiza mediante revision documental y opiniones de directores de sociedades. El resultado del analisis destaca que la implementacion del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano supone estandarizacion en materia de Gobierno Corporativo, y con ello la armonizacion de un concepto comun de buen gobierno corporativo, que alinea incentivos y promueve el respeto a los derechos de los accionistas y grupos de interes que participan en la empresa, garantizando la distribucion de rentas que incentiven la realizacion de las inversiones.
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: disclosed history and the way ahead: the relativity of safety.

This issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia contains a report that might appear routine, but is not. Van Hemelrijck et al.1 present a phase III trial with a polymerized hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC), HBOC-201, in noncardiac surgical patients. There are several unusual features, each of which m
Human appropriated net primary productivity as a metric for land use planning: a case study in the US Great Lakes region

Human appropriation of net primary productivity (HANPP) is employed as a measure of human pressures on biodiversity, though largely at global and national scales rather than landscape to regional scales where many conservation decisions take place. Though gaining in familiarity, HANPP is not widely utilized by conservation professionals. This study, encompassing the US side of the Great Lakes basin, examines how regional distributions of HANPP relate to landscape-based biodiversity proxy metrics used by conservation professionals. Our objectives were (1) to quantify the HANPP of managed lands at the county scale; and (2) to assess spatial patterns of HANPP in comparison to landscape diversity and local habitat connectedness to determine if the metric can provide useful information to conservation professionals. We aggregated forest and cropland NPP data between 2005 and 2015 and coupled it with previously published potential vegetation maps to quantify the HANPP of each county in the study region. We mapped the outputs at 500 m resolution to analyze spatial relationships between HANPP and landscape metrics of biodiversity potential. Area-weighted HANPP across our study region averaged 45% of NPP, down to 4.9% in forest-dominated counties. Greater HANPP correlated with reduced landscape diversity (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.28) and reduced local habitat connectedness (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.36). HANPP could be used as an additional tool for conservation professionals during regional-scale land use planning or conservation decision-making, particularly in mixed-use landscapes that both support important biodiversity and have high levels of primary production harvest.
Overcoming Discount Window Stigma: An Experimental Investigation

A core responsibility of the Federal Reserve is to ensure financial stability by acting as the “lender of last resort” through its discount window (DW). Historically, however, the DW has not been effective because its usage is stigmatized. In this paper, we develop a coordination game with adverse selection, and we test in the lab policies that have been proposed to mitigate DW stigma. We find that lowering the DW cost and making DW borrowing difficult to detect are ineffective, but regular random DW borrowing can overcome DW stigma. Implications for other forms of stigma in finance are discussed.
A Programmatic and Semantic Approach to Explaining and Debugging Neural Network Based Object Detectors

Even as deep neural networks have become very effective for tasks in vision and perception, it remains difficult to explain and debug their behavior. In this paper, we present a programmatic and semantic approach to explaining, understanding, and debugging the correct and incorrect behaviors of a neural network based perception system. Our approach is semantic in that it employs a high-level representation of the distribution of environment scenarios that the detector is intended to work on. It is programmatic in that the representation is a program in a domain-specific probabilistic programming language using which synthetic data can be generated to train and test the neural network. We present a framework that assesses the performance of the neural network to identify correct and incorrect detections, extracts rules from those results that semantically characterizes the correct and incorrect scenarios, and then specializes the probabilistic program with those rules in order to more precisely characterize the scenarios in which the neural network operates correctly or not, without human intervention. We demonstrate our results using the Scenic probabilistic programming language and a neural network-based object detector. Our experiments show that it is possible to automatically generate compact rules that significantly increase the correct detection rate (or conversely the incorrect detection rate) of the network and can thus help with debugging and understanding its behavior.
Tyrosyl phosphorylation of PZR promotes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in PTPN11-associated Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines

Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that presents with cardio-cutaneous-craniofacial defects. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents the major life-threatening presentation in NSML. Mutations in the PTPN11 gene that encodes for the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP2, represents the predominant cause of HCM in NSML. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations render SHP2 catalytically inactive with an "open" conformation. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations cause hypertyrosyl phosphorylation of the transmembrane glycoprotein, protein zero-related (PZR), resulting in increased SHP2 binding. Here we show that NSML mice harboring a tyrosyl phosphorylation-defective mutant of PZR (NSML/PZRY242F) that is defective for SHP2 binding fail to develop HCM. Enhanced AKT/S6 kinase signaling in heart lysates of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, demonstrating that PZR/SHP2 interactions promote aberrant AKT/S6 kinase activity in NSML. Enhanced PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation in the hearts of NSML mice was found to drive myocardial fibrosis by engaging an Src/NF-κB pathway, resulting in increased activation of IL-6. Increased expression of IL-6 in the hearts of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, and PZRY242F mutant fibroblasts were defective for IL-6 secretion and STAT3-mediated fibrogenesis. These results demonstrate that NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations that induce PZR hypertyrosyl phosphorylation trigger pathophysiological signaling that promotes HCM and cardiac fibrosis.
1.03pW/b Ultra-Low Leakage Voltage-Stacked SRAM for Intelligent Edge Processors

A stacked voltage domain SRAM is proposed where arrays are split into two sets (top and bottom) with their supplies connected in series. System supply current is reused by top and bottom sets, and supply voltage is divided among the two sets of arrays, enabling seamless integration of very low voltage SRAM retention in a larger system with a nominal supply, without need for an efficiency-reducing LDO. An array swapping approach provides stable access to arbitrary banks within one system clock cycle. A comprehensive sizing strategy (W&L) is employed to optimally balance hold stability and bitcell size. Integrated in an IoT imaging system in 40nm CMOS, the proposed 8.9Mb SRAM achieves 1.03pW/bit leakage, a >100× reduction over conventional SRAM in the same technology.
The Politicization of the U.S. Supreme Court: Danger to Democracy

Our democracy is experiencing increased danger by virtue of the continued politicization of the U.S. Supreme Court. The author believes that without a neutral judiciary, our tripartite system cannot function as the founders intended. The death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg during September 2020 leaves a historic vacancy and presents yet another opportunity for a permanent and dramatic precedent to be established for the Supreme Court nomination process. With voting for the 2020 presidential election having already started in many states, the decision by President Donald Trump and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to accelerate the nomination process, only weeks before a presidential election may result in changing the political makeup of the Court for many decades. The nomination of Judge Amy Coney Barrett is inextricability tied to issues immediately before the Court, including the 2020 election and future of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), scheduled to be heard just one week following the presidential election. The author thanks the Cardozo Law Review for this opportunity to comment and discuss the positions and merits for and against postponing the nomination and confirmation of a new Supreme Court justice until after the presidential election. This Article proceeds in seven parts. First, I examine the life, death, and impact of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Second, is a brief review of the four-years of the Trump presidency. Third, is a discussion about the Supreme Court nomination process. Fourth, is a look at the eighteen Supreme Court nominations during the past 35 years. Fifth, I explore what is now known about nominee Amy Coney Barrett. Sixth, is my discussion of the likely implications of this nomination for the future of the Court. And last, I conclude.
Motivations to enter teaching: an investigation with non-education university students

Teachers are motivated by extrinsic, intrinsic, and altruistic values, but little is known about what might convince other students to become educators. Conducted in two stages, the present study u...
Does Adolescent Digital Technology Use Detract from the Parent–Adolescent Relationship?

A population-representative sample of young adolescents (N = 2,104, mean age 12.4) reported on digital technology use and relationships in 2015. A subsample (N = 388) completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment in 2016-2017 via mobile phone. Across the 2,104 adolescents, those who reported more social networking site engagement were more likely to live in families characterized by more family chaos and to report that their online experiences resulted in problems with their parents. However, when the subsample of adolescents was followed daily, there was little consistent evidence that adolescents' quantity of daily digital technology use detracted from the amount of time they spend interacting with close others (including parents) nor that adolescent daily technology use was associated with more negative or less positive parent-adolescent interactions.
Some Events Leading to the Chemical Era of Virology

Near the end of the 19th century, Dutch scientist Martinus W. Beijerinck performed some experiments that were to have far-reaching consequences in science. Working with the sap from leaves of mosaic-diseased tobacco plants, Beijerinck (1898a, 1898b; see also van Iterson et al. 1940) showed that the infectious agent causing mosaic disease was so small that it passed through exceedingly fine bacteria-retaining filters and diffused at a measurable rate through blocks of agar gel. To this unprecedentedly small pathogen, Beijerinck applied the terms “contagium vivum fluidum” (contagious living fluid), or “virus.”
Electronic structure of AlP3 and AlP3

Abstract Using density functional theory (B3LYP-DFT) and ab initio methods [MP2 and CCSD(T)] with the 6-311+G(2df) one particle basis set, two singlet states ( 1 A 1 -C 2 v and 1 A ′ -C s ) are found to be nearly degenerate and lower in energy by at least 0.5 eV than the triplet ( 3 A 2 -C 3 v ) state previously predicted as the ground electronic state of AlP 3 . AlP 3 − has an 2 A ′ -C s ground state, with low-lying 2 A ″ -C s , 2 A 1 -C 3 v and 2 A 1 -C 2 v excited states at 0.04, 0.25, 0.29 eV, respectively. The adiabatic electron affinity of AlP 3 is calculated to be 1.9 eV.
Long-term 6-mercaptopurine treatment in adolescents with Crohn's disease.

Abstract Although 6-mercaptopurine is often used to treat adolescents with intractable Crohn's disease, its longterm efficacy has not yet been studied in this population. This study shows data derived from 36 adolescents (mean age ± SD, 16.5 ± 3.3 years; 27 males, 9 females) treated at least 6 months with 6-mercaptopurine (1.5 mg · kg −1 · day −1 , maximum of 75 mg/day). Sites of Crohn's disease at the start of 6-mercaptopurine therapy included 17 ileocolic, 9 pancolic, 7 small bowel, and 3 partial colon. All had received corticosteroids, sulfasalazine, antibiotics, and nutritional support for 5.0 ± 3.0 years before administering 6-mercaptopurine, but intractable symptoms persisted. Disease activity lessened during the first year of 6-mercaptopurine, reflected by a higher Lloyd-Still disease activity score (pre, 64 ± 9 vs. 6-mercaptopurine, 72 ± 11; P P P P P
Investment Banks and Public Debt Exchange Offers in Financial Distress

This paper examines the relationship between investment bank participation in public debt exchange offers by financially distressed firms and the composition of the offer. Investment banks negotiate with bondholders on behalf of the firm, act as dealer manager for the exchange, promote the offer, and solicit tenders. We find that the structure of exchange offers is significantly related to whether an investment bank participates as an intermediary. Exchange offers with investment bank participation are characterized by significantly greater debt reduction and significantly less senior debt offered to bondholders. Investment bank participation is negatively related to the ratio of commercial bank debt relative to total debt, but positively related to commercial bank debt forgiveness. In general, the results suggest that investment banks and commercial banks perform both substitute and complementary roles in facilitating public debt exchange offers.
Survey of Human Mitochondrial Diseases Using New Genomic/Proteomic Tools

Background We have constructed Bayesian prior-based, amino-acid sequence profiles for the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome and used them to develop methods for identifying and characterizing the context of protein mutations that give rise to human mitochondrial diseases. (Bayesian priors are conditional probabilities that allow the estimation of the likelihood of an event - such as an amino-acid substitution - on the basis of prior occurrences of similar events.) Because these profiles can assemble sets of taxonomically very diverse homologs, they enable identification of the structurally and/or functionally most critical sites in the proteins on the basis of the degree of sequence conservation. These profiles can also find distant homologs with determined three-dimensional structures that aid in the interpretation of effects of missense mutations.
The Anatomy Of Program Design For An On-Line Business Management Course

How does one design an on-line course to bridge theory and practice? How can the feedback of on-going stakeholder (student and administration) be incorporated into the design process to enhance quality? This paper presents the theoretical underpinning of designing an on-line management course recognized as best practice for a “well organized course” by an external panel review. Three models are reviewed as well as the final program design, the choices made, and competencies for designing a course on-line.
Turkey, the Middle East & the Media| Neo-Ottoman Cool 2: Turkish Nation Branding and Arabic-Language Transnational Broadcasting

Ten years after the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power in Turkey in 2002, Turkish-Arab relations have dramatically improved. This rapprochement was largely based on Turkey’s engagement with Arab publics as part of a soft power–based policy conceived as neo-Ottomanism. Against the backdrop of the remarkable popularity of Turkish television dramas in the Arab world, this article focuses on Turkey’s transnational broadcasting and nation-branding efforts. Acknowledging the limits and challenges to soft power, it argues that the success of neo-Ottomanism has been based on the Turkish government’s use of multiple strategies of outreach through popular culture, rhetoric, and broadcasting to create a new Turkish nation brand of neo-Ottoman cool, articulated as at once more benign and more powerful. The conclusion discusses how the Arab uprisings have complicated Turkey’s charm offensive in the Arab world.
WebProtégé: A collaborative ontology editor and knowledge acquisition tool for the Web

In this paper, we present WebProtege---a lightweight ontology editor and knowledge acquisition tool for the Web. With the wide adoption of Web 2.0 platforms and the gradual adoption of ontologies and Semantic Web technologies in the real world, we need ontology-development tools that are better suited for the novel ways of interacting, constructing and consuming knowledge. Users today take Web-based content creation and online collaboration for granted. WebProtege integrates these features as part of the ontology development process itself. We tried to lower the entry barrier to ontology development by providing a tool that is accessible from any Web browser, has extensive support for collaboration, and a highly customizable and pluggable user interface that can be adapted to any level of user expertise. The declarative user interface enabled us to create custom knowledge-acquisition forms tailored for domain experts. We built WebProtege using the existing Protege infrastructure, which supports collaboration on the back end side, and the Google Web Toolkit for the front end. The generic and extensible infrastructure allowed us to easily deploy WebProtege in production settings for several projects. We present the main features of WebProtege and its architecture and describe briefly some of its uses for real-world projects. WebProtege is free and open source. An online demo is available at http://webprotege.stanford.edu.
Midline craniofacial malformations with a lipomatous cephalocele are associated with insufficient closure of the neural tube in the tuft mouse

Genetic variations affecting neural tube closure along the head result in malformations to the face and brain, posing a significant impact on health care costs and the quality of life. We have established a mouse line from a mutation that arose spontaneously in our wildtype colony that we called tuft. Tuft mice have heritable midline craniofacial defects featuring an anterior lipomatous cephalocele. Whole mount skeletal stains indicated that affected newborns had a broader interfrontal suture where the cephalocele emerged between the frontal bones. Mice with a cephalocele positioned near the rostrum also presented craniofacial malformations such as ocular hypertelorism and midfacial cleft of the nose. Gross and histological examination revealed that the lipomatous cephalocele originated as a fluid filled cyst no earlier than E14.5 while embryos with a midfacial cleft was evident during craniofacial development at E11.5. Histological sections of embryos with a midfacial cleft revealed the cephalic neuroectoderm remained proximal or fused to the frontonasal ectoderm about the closure site of the anterior neuropore, indicating a defect to neural tube closure. We found the neural folds along the rostrum of E9-10.5 embryos curled inward and failed to close as well as embryos with exencephaly and anencephaly at later stages. Whole mount in situ hybridization of anterior markers Fgf8 and Shh indicated closure of the rostral site was compromised in severe cases. We present a model demonstrating how anterior cranial cephaloceles are generated following a defect to neural tube closure and relevance to subsequent craniofacial morphogenesis in the tuft mouse.
Detection and quantification of delamination in laminated plates from the phase of appropriate guided wave modes

Applicability of specific Lamb wave modes for delamination detection and quantification in a laminated aluminum plate is investigated. The Lamb modes were generated in the plate using a broadband piezoelectric transducer structured with a rigid electrode. Appropriate excitation frequencies and modes for inspection were selected from theoretical dispersion curves. Sensitivity of antisymmetric and symmetric modes for delamination detection and quantification has been investigated using the Hilbert–Huang transform. The mode conversion phenomenon of Lamb waves during progressive delamination is observed. The antisymmetric mode is found to be more reliable for delamination detection and quantification. In this investigation, the changes in the phase of guided Lamb wave modes are related to the degree of delamination, unlike other studies, where mostly the attenuation of the propagating waves has been related to the extent of the internal damage, such as cracks and corrosions. Appropriate features for delamination detection and quantification are extracted from the experimental data.
Pathogenicity of members of the vibrionaceae family to cultured juvenile sablefish.

AbstractSablefish Anoplopoma fimbria are a prized seafood species due to their high oil content and white flaky flesh. Raising these species in culture can help to provide an important source of protein for humans and relief to declining wild fish populations. Understanding the environmental factors that influence the production of Sablefish is important for successful culturing. The significance of host–pathogen interactions in Sablefish culture and the resulting environmental implications are unknown. Pathogens could potentially cause losses of cultured Sablefish stocks due to disease, while Sablefish cultured in net pens may also serve as reservoirs for pathogens and potentially transmit disease to wild fish species. In this initial study, the susceptibility of juvenile Sablefish to three bacterial pathogens from the family Vibrionaceae was examined. Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio ordalii, and V. splendidus can pose serious economic threats to cultured fish and shellfish. Groups of juvenile Sablefish w...
Appearance event ordination; a new biochronologic method

The fundamental goal of biochronology is ordering taxonomic first and last appearance events. The most useful biochronologic data are of the form “the first appearance event of one taxon predates the last appearance event of a second taxon” (FAE < LAE). FAE < LAE data sets are unusually reliable because they converge on a unique solution with greater sampling. The fact that the FAE of one taxon i < the LAE of another taxon j always can be inferred either if i is found lower than j in a stratigraphic section, or if i and j co-occur in at least one taxonomic list. Thus, FAE < LAE data accurately synthesize two disparate sources of information: routine biostratigraphic observations and taxonomic lists that may have no stratigraphic context. Appearance event ordination, the new method introduced here, is intended to summarize FAE < LAE data. The algorithm is founded on the following parsimony criterion: arrangements of FAEs and LAEs should always imply FAEi < LAEj when this is known, and otherwise imply LAEj < FAEi whenever possible. The technique differs from others related to correspondence analysis in its use of FAE < LAE data and explicit definition as a parsimony method. The algorithm is even more unique in that it uses different subsets of FAEi < LAEj statements at each iterative step, converging on separate sets of scores for the FAEs and LAEs. After arranging either the FAEs or the LAEs on the basis of their scores, the other set of scores can be discarded and the best arrangement of the remaining events can be inferred directly. An analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene mammalian record in the Lake Turkana region is used to illustrate the method. Biochronologic resolution on the order of 0.2-1.5 m.y. is achieved. The Turkana species lists by themselves demonstrate enough FAEi < LAEj relationships to resolve the basic biochronologic pattern, but stratigraphic information is still of great use.
Optimal power flow management in a photovoltaic nanogrid with batteries

This paper proposes an optimal power management approach to reduce the operating costs by managing the power flows in a photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator hybrid nanogrid with batteries. The proposed algorithm utilizes dynamic programming (DP) technique to optimize the power flows in the system to meet the load demand, achieve maximum utilization of the solar energy available, minimize fuel consumption and increase battery life cycle, simultaneously. Results are demonstrated and compared with the rule-based algorithm and the superiorities of the proposed algorithm are verified.
Effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on preference for several taste solutions in the rat.

The effect of dietary-induced vitamin B-6 (B-6) deficiency on the intake of the taste solutions, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium saccharin (NaSacc), quinine sulfate (QS), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) was studied using a 48 hour, two-bottle choice technique. The B-6 deficient group demonstrated increased preference to 1.5 X 10(-1) and 3.0 X 10(-1) M NaCl compared to control ad libitum fed and control pair-fed groups. Total fluid intake on NaCl test days was also elevated in the B-6 deficient rats. There was no significant difference in the mean preference to NaSacc, QS, or HCl among the three groups. Adrenal hypertrophy was observed in the deficient rats. There was no change in the plasma level of Na and Zn but there was a reduction in urinary Na excretion. When the deficient rats were replenished by intraperitoneal injection of pyridoxine.HCl and feeding with the control diet containing adequate B-6, the increased preference for NaCl was extinguished, suggesting that the preference alteration was reversible. Urinary Na excretion also returned to normal.
Causality tests of the relationship between the twin deficits

We re-examine the causality between the twin deficits by testing for Granger non-causality between BD and CAD based on extended causality tests initially developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Using international data from a sample of twenty developed and developing countries, we find evidence of causality (unidirectional or bi-directional) between the twin deficits for some developing countries. However, the results for developed countries are less persuasive. The empirical findings of this study are robust to alternative and independent causality testing procedures.
Emotion Dysregulation and Vulnerability to Suicidal Ideation and Attempts

This study investigated the predictive utility of a six-dimensional conceptualization of emotion dysregulation for suicidal ideation, as well as its ability to distinguish among individuals with differing histories of suicidality. Young adults (N = 96) with current suicidal ideation but no suicide attempt history (n = 17), a history of a single (n = 20) or multiple attempts (n = 17), or no current ideation/no past attempts (n = 42) completed measures of emotion dysregulation, suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, and a diagnostic interview. Multiple suicide attempters differed from participants with no suicidal ideation/no past attempts on two emotion dysregulation dimensions—nonacceptance of emotional responses and perceived limited access to emotion regulation strategies. After adjusting for depression symptoms and the presence of a mood or anxiety diagnosis, limited access to emotion regulation strategies significantly predicted current suicidal ideation, a relation that was found to be statistically mediated by hopelessness.
Calculation of Airfoil Flutter by an Euler Method with Approximate Boundary Conditions

A numerical method is demonstrated for solving the steady and unsteady Euler equations on stationary Cartersian grids for the purpose of time-domain simulation of aeroelastic problems. Wall boundary conditions are implemented on nonmoving mean chord positions by assuming the airfoil being thin and undergoing small deformation, whereas the full nonlinear Euler equations are used in the flowfield for accurate resolution of shock waves and vorticity. The method does not require the generation of moving body-fitted grids and thus can be easily deployed in any fluid-structure interaction problem involving relatively small deformation of a thin body. The first-order wall boundary conditions are used in solving the full Euler equations, and the results are compared with the Euler solutions using the exact boundary conditions and known experimental data. It is shown that the first-order boundary conditions are adequate to represent airfoils of typical thicknesses with small deformation for both steady and unsteady calculations. Flutter boundaries are accurately predicted by this method for the Isogai wing model test case.
Laser-induced localization of an electron in a double-well quantum structure.

Abstract : In this letter we integrate numerically the time dependent Schrodinger equation to investigate the use of a semi-infinite laser pulse to localize an electron in one of the wells of a double well quantum structure. Under certain conditions the system can be driven to emit strongly low frequency radiation.