cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High precision measurement of the masses of the D 0 and K S mesons

Using $580\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation data taken with the CLEO--c detector at $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$, the decay ${D}^{0}({\overline{D}}^{0})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been studied to make the highest precision measurement of ${D}^{0}$ mass, $M({D}^{0})=1864.845\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.022\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.053\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, where the first error is statistical, the second error is systematic, and the third error is due to uncertainty in kaon masses. As an intermediate step of the present investigation, the mass of the ${K}_{S}$ meson has been measured to be $M({K}_{S})=497.607\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. Both $M({D}^{0})$ and $M({K}_{S})$ are the most precise single measurements of the masses of these mesons.
p120 Catenin suppresses basal epithelial cell extrusion in invasive pancreatic neoplasia

Aberrant regulation of cellular extrusion can promote invasion and metastasis. Here, we identify molecular requirements for early cellular invasion using a premalignant mouse model of pancreatic cancer with conditional knockout of p120 catenin (Ctnnd1). Mice with biallelic loss of p120 catenin progressively develop high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and neoplasia accompanied by prominent acute and chronic inflammatory processes, which is mediated, in part, through NF-κB signaling. Loss of p120 catenin in the context of oncogenic Kras also promotes remarkable apical and basal epithelial cell extrusion. Abundant single epithelial cells exit PanIN epithelium basally, retain epithelial morphology, survive, and display features of malignancy. Similar extrusion defects are observed following p120 catenin knockdown in vitro, and these effects are completely abrogated by the activation of S1P/S1pr2 signaling. In the context of oncogenic Kras, p120 catenin loss significantly reduces expression of genes mediating S1P/S1pr2 signaling in vivo and in vitro, and this effect is mediated at least, in part, through activation of NF-κB. These results provide insight into mechanisms controlling early events in the metastatic process and suggest that p120 catenin and S1P/S1pr2 signaling enhance cancer progression by regulating epithelial cell invasion. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3351-63. ©2016 AACR.
Injury and fatality risks in aeromedical transport: focus on prevention

BACKGROUND: Aeromedical transport (AMT) is a reliable and well-established life-saving option for rapid patient transfers to health care delivery hubs. However, owing to the very nature of AMT, fatal and nonfatal events may occur. This study reviews aeromedical incidents reported since the publication of the last definitive review in 2003, aiming to provide additional insight into a wide range of factors potentially associated with fatal and nonfatal AMT incidents (AMTIs). We hypothesized that weather and/or visual conditions, postcrash fire, aircraft make and/or type, and time of day all correlate with the risk of AMTI with injury or fatality. METHODS: Specialty databases were queried for AMTI between January 1, 2003 and July 31, 2015. Additional Internet-based resources were also used to find any additional AMTI (including non-US occurrences) to augment the event sample size available for analysis. Univariate analyses of the collected sample were then performed for association between "fatal crash or injury" (FCOI) and weather/visual conditions, aircraft type and/or make, pilot error, equipment failure, post-incident fire, time of day (6 am-7 pm versus 7 pm-6 am), weekend (Friday-Sunday) versus weekday (Monday-Thursday), season of the year, and presence of patient on board. Variables reaching significance level of P RESULTS: A total of 59 AMTIs were identified. Helicopters were involved in 52 of 59 AMTIs, with 7 of 59 fixed-wing incidents. Comparing pre-2003 data with post-2003 data, we noted a significant decrease in AMTIs per month (0.70 versus 0.39, respectively, P = 0.048), whereas the number of fatalities per year increased slightly (7.20 versus 8.26, p = n/s). In univariate analyses, abnormal weather conditions, impaired visibility, time of incident (7 pm-6 am), aircraft model/make, and post-incident fire all reached statistical significance sufficient for inclusion in multivariate analysis (P CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports previous observation that post-crash fire is independently associated with FCOI. However, our data do not support previous observations that weather conditions, impaired visibility, or aircraft model/make are independently predictive of fatal AMTI. In addition, this report demonstrates that flights between the hours of 7 pm-6 am may be associated with greater odds of FCOI. Efforts directed at identification, remediation, and active prevention of factors associated with AMTI and FCOI are warranted given the global increase in aeromedical transport.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
Investigation on chemical hazards respiratory protection in chemical industry enterprise

Objective To survey chemical hazard protection status of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive production enterprises,discuss on the existing problems and deficiencies,and guide the enterprise allocation,usage and management of respiratory protective equipment.Methods The chemical factory was investigated on the protective measures in the production process including concentrations of chemical substances,workers wearing respiratory protection and chemical hazards.Results Occupational hazards in the plant were formaldehyde,urea,ammonia and sodium hydroxide.Concentrations of formaldehyde in the three types of work in the workplace exceeded occupational limits: plastic pool discharge the 14th CMC 0.52 mg/m3,reaction kettle sampling the mouth CMC 0.77 mg/m3,formaldehyde unload CMC 0.65 mg/m3.Plant workers wildcard produced by a company half-breathing mask,PA-1 canisters components,appropriate respiratory protection,but there had been a wide range of chemical substances in the work environment and dust protection were not appropriate.Conclusion Respiratory medicine should be configured based on the type of the workplace chemicals,physical and chemical properties,exposure,respiratory protection index,expected exposure to lower concentrations of comprehensive consideration.
Epigenetic modifiers in immunotherapy: a focus on checkpoint inhibitors

Immune surveillance should be directed to suppress tumor development and progression, involving a balance of coinhibitory and costimulatory signals that amplify immune response without overwhelming the host. Immunotherapy confers durable clinical benefit in ‘immunogenic tumors’, whereas in other tumors the responses are modest. Thus, immune checkpoint inhibitors may need to be combined with strategies to boost immune response or increase the tumor immune profile. Epigenetic aberrations contribute significantly to carcinogenesis. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic drugs prime the immune response by increasing expression of tumor-associated antigens and immune-related genes, as well as modulating chemokines and cytokines involved in immune system activation. This review describes our current understanding regarding epigenetic and immunotherapy combination, focusing on immune response priming to checkpoint blockade.
Aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation

Aerosols can be delivered during mechanical ventilation using either a nebulizer or MDI. The MDI is the most efficient method of aerosol delivery, whereas the greatest absolute amount of drug delivery is with the nebulizer.
The mechanics of clearance in a non-Newtonian lubrication layer

Abstract This paper investigates the mechanics of clearance of an embedded particle in a lubrication layer of viscoelastic fluid. We show theoretically that in a slider bearing domain containing a viscoelastic fluid, the oscillating shearing motion of a wall aids in transporting away any embedded particle towards the moving boundary. The impact of geometry and material properties of the fluid layer are explored by coupling theoretical and numerical methods. Our approach suggests a possible mechanism by which the human eye could clear out any debris beneath the eyelid, under responsive blinking. Our simplified analysis brings to bear interesting approaches from physics and engineering upon a very complex biological problem and could provide essential clues about the physiological design of the tear film.
Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins Maps the Topology of Intrinsic Membrane Proteins: Light-Harvesting Complex 2 in a Nanodisc

Although membrane proteins are crucial participants in photosynthesis and other biological processes, many lack high-resolution structures. Prior to achieving a high-resolution structure, we are investigating whether MS-based footprinting can provide coarse-grained protein structure by following structural changes that occur upon ligand binding, pH change, and membrane binding. Our platform probes topology and conformation of membrane proteins by combining MS-based footprinting, specifically fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP), and lipid Nanodiscs, which are more similar to the native membrane environment than are the widely used detergent micelles. We describe here results that show a protein’s outer membrane regions are more heavily footprinted by OH radicals whereas the regions spanning the lipid bilayer remain inert to the labeling. Nanodiscs generally exhibit more protection of membrane proteins compared to detergent micelles and less shielding to those protein residues that exist outside...
Parallel Variable Selection for Effective Performance Prediction

Large data analysis problems often involve a large number of variables, and the corresponding analysis algorithms may examine all variable combinations to find the optimal solution. For example, to model the time required to complete a scientific workflow, we need to consider the impact of dozens of parameters. To reduce the model building time and reduce the likelihood of overfitting, we look to variable selection methods to identify the critical variables for the performance model. In this work, we create a combination of variable selection and performance prediction methods that is as effective as the exhaustive search approach when the exhaustive search could be completed in a reasonable amount of time. To handle the cases where the exhaustive search is too time consuming, we develop the parallelized variable selection algorithm. Additionally, we develop a parallel grouping mechanism that further reduces the variable selection time by 70%.As a case study, we exercise the variable selection technique with the performance measurement data from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) workflow. The application scientists have determined that about 50 variables and parameters are important to the performance of the workflows. Our tests show that the Sequential Backward Selection algorithm is able to approximate the optimal subset relatively quickly. By reducing the number of variables used to build the model from 50 to 4, we are able to maintain the prediction quality while reducing the model building time by a factor of 6. Using the parallelization and grouping techniques we developed in this work, the variable selection process was reduced from over 18 hours to 15 minutes while ending up with the same variable subset.
Serum Bupivacaine Concentration After Periarticular Injection With a Mixture of Liposomal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine HCl During Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background and Objectives A relatively new technique to reduce postoperative pain for total knee arthroplasty is to inject a mixture of 266 mg of liposomal bupivacaine and 125 mg of 0.25% bupivacaine HCl with epinephrine 1:300,000 around the knee joint at the time of surgery. Currently, no publications report serum bupivacaine concentrations over time after periarticular injection of liposomal mixed with free bupivacaine. This information is important to ensure safe serum bupivacaine concentrations are maintained especially when considering supplemental or rescue peripheral nerve blocks. Methods A total of 40 subjects scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty with intraoperative periarticular injection of the liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine HCl mixture were included. Total serum bupivacaine concentrations were measured after the last injection at selected time points and calculated by gas chromatography. Quantile regression techniques were used to analyze the data over time. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT02626559). Results Peak serum concentration ranged from 0.17 to 1.2 μg/mL and occurred from 10 minutes to 48 hours. Across all time points, the 48-hour interval had the highest mean concentration of total serum bupivacaine at 0.55 μg/mL (SD, 0.27). Quantile regression showed total serum bupivacaine concentrations increased over the 48 hours measured. None of the participants demonstrated signs or symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity. Conclusions Total serum concentrations of bupivacaine after periarticular administration of liposomal bupivacaine mixed with bupivacaine HCl remained below the described toxicity threshold (2.5 μg/mL) within the first 48 hours, and no patients demonstrated signs or symptoms of toxicity. However, peak serum concentration time was not achieved within the 48-hour interval. Additional studies are needed to describe the course of serum bupivacaine levels after 48 hours and to ascertain the risk of toxicity when combining this method of periarticular injection with peripheral nerve blocks.
Knights and Caballeros: Cross-border Catholic Activism During Mexico’s Cristero War

This article reconstructs and analyzes the role of the Knights of Columbus in Mexico’s Cristero War. Founded in Connecticut in 1882, the Order quickly expanded into Mexico, establishing its first chapters there in 1905. Within two decades, the Mexican Caballeros de Colon had become one of the country’s most prominent and politically active Catholic lay organizations. During the Cristero War (1926–1929), the Mexican and U.S. Knights collaborated in order to resist the anticlerical Mexican state. In the process, the organization connected and politicized Catholics who supported the Cristero cause. By tracing the expansion of the Knights of Columbus from the United States into Mexico, and then following the Mexican Knights back into exile in the United States, this article demonstrates how transnational political activism shaped the lives of Catholics on both sides of the border. Este articulo reconstruye y analiza el papel que jugo la orden llamada Knights of Columbus en la Guerra Cristera de Mexico. Fundada en Connecticut en 1882, dicha orden se expandio rapidamente a Mexico y establecio sus primeros capitulos ahi en 1905. En el lapso de dos decadas, los “Caballeros de Colon” mexicanos se convirtieron en una de las organizaciones catolicas laicas mas prominentes y con mayor actividad politica del pais. Durante la Guerra Cristera (1926–1929), los Caballeros mexicanos y estadounidenses colaboraron con el fin de resistir al Estado mexicano anticlerical. En este proceso, la organizacion conecto y politizo a los catolicos que apoyaban la causa cristera. Al rastrear la expansion de los Caballeros de Colon de los Estados Unidos a Mexico y al seguir sus pasos de regreso al exilio en Estados Unidos, este articulo demuestra como el activismo politico transnacional conformo las vidas de los catolicos a ambos lados de la frontera.
The Fermionic Oscillator

In this chapter, we’ll introduce a new quantum system by using a simple variation on techniques we used to study the harmonic oscillator that of replacing commutators by anticommutators. This variant of the harmonic oscillator will be called a “fermionic oscillator,” with the original sometimes called a “bosonic oscillator”.
CSR Participation Committees, Wildcat Strikes and the Sourcing Squeeze in Global Supply Chains

Lead firms in apparel global supply chains are increasingly using social compliance programmes that require worker-management participation committees in their supplier factories. These committees are designed to ensure respect for internationally recognized labour standards, to empower workers, and to reduce labour unrest. However, these committees have remained weak, and in countries such as Vietnam worker unrest remains common. This article argues that this is because lead firms in these CSR programmes are imposing a ‘sourcing squeeze’ on supplier factors by reducing the prices and production times they allot to their suppliers, which undermines efforts by committees to address cost-sensitive issues and overtime violations. At the same time, the sourcing squeeze increases strike leverage, providing workers with a much more effective source of worker voice.
A conjectural characterization for Fq(t)-linear relations between multizeta values

Abstract We provide a conjectural characterization for F q ( t ) -linear relations between multizeta values and for the dimensions of their fixed-weight F q ( t ) span, as well as many new parameterized families of relations. These two conjectures provide the function field analog of the conjectures provide by Zagier and others. In contrast to the classical case which uses regularized stuffle and shuffle products to produce relations, we will posit that all relations in the function field setting can be generated from a single relation in weight q from Thakur's stuffle product. We also prove many of the currently existing relations in the literature in this setting.
Magnetic resonance measurements of tissue quantity and quality using T2 * relaxometry predict temporal changes in the biomechanical properties of the healing ACL.

The purpose of this study was to develop a magnetic resonance T2 * relaxometry-based multiple linear regression model to predict the structural properties of the healing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) over a 24-week healing period following ACL repair in Yucatan minipigs. Two hypotheses were tested: (i) that a regression model based on ACL sub-volumes containing short and long T2 * relaxation times would outperform a competing model based on sub-volumes of short T2 * relaxation times only; and (ii) that an optimized regression model would be capable of predicting ACL structural properties between 6 and 24 weeks post-repair. ACLs were imaged in 24 minipigs (8/group) at either 6, 12, or 24 weeks after ACL repair. The structural properties of the ACLs were determined from tensile failure tests. Four multiple linear regression models of increasing complexity were fitted to the data. Akaike Information Criterion values and Bland-Altman tests were used to compare model performance and to test the hypotheses. The structural properties predicted from the multiple linear regression model that was based on the change in ACL sub-volumes of both the short and long T2 * relaxation times over the healing period were in closest agreement to the measured values, suggesting that the amounts of both organized and disorganized collagen, and the change in these quantities over time, are required to predict the structural properties of healing ACLs accurately. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE our time-specific, T2 *-based regression model may allow us to estimate the structural properties of ACL repairs in vivo longitudinally. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1701-1709, 2018.
The transpulmonary ratio of endothelin 1 is elevated in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension complicating left heart disease (PH-LHD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients who develop combined pre- and post-capillary PH (Cpc-PH)...
Manipulating cell fate while confronting reproducibility concerns.

Abstract Biomedical research is being transformed by the discovery and use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Remarkable progress has been made, and assorted clinical trials are underway related to the application of stem cell therapy, including transplantation of hPSC-derived cells, in situ reprogramming or transdifferentiation, and utilization of targets and compounds identified from patient-derived stem cells. However, the pace of discovery is overwhelming efforts to replicate the work of others, prompting a concern over validity and reproducibility. Here, we address some sources of variability in reprogramming, maintaining, and differentiating hPSCs that impact interpretation of studies involving their use, and how it relates to efforts to move the field forward. The commitment in time and resources required to generate and maintain cell-lines, coupled with marked variations between hPSCs derived from patients with the same disease, has resulted in a fundamental change in how research is conducted. Dr. Michael Williams has championed the need to appropriately validate all cell-lines before use to limit sources of variability, although defining what constitutes a validated hPSC in the era of single cell-omics can be challenging.
Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.

Purpose To estimate the proportion of patients presenting with isolated third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsy of presumed microvascular origin versus other causes. Design Prospective, multicenter, observational case series. Participants A total of 109 patients aged 50 years or older with acute isolated ocular motor nerve palsy. Testing Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Main Outcome Measures Causes of acute isolated ocular motor nerve palsy (presumed microvascular or other) as determined with early MRI and clinical assessment. Results Among 109 patients enrolled in the study, 22 had cranial nerve III palsy, 25 had cranial nerve IV palsy, and 62 had cranial nerve VI palsy. A cause other than presumed microvascular ischemia was identified in 18 patients (16.5%; 95% confidence interval, 10.7–24.6). The presence of 1 or more vasculopathic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and smoking) was significantly associated with a presumed microvascular cause ( P = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Vasculopathic risk factors were also present in 61% of patients (11/18) with other causes. In the group of patients who had vasculopathic risk factors only, with no other significant medical condition, 10% of patients (8/80) were found to have other causes, including midbrain infarction, neoplasms, inflammation, pituitary apoplexy, and giant cell arteritis (GCA). By excluding patients with third cranial nerve palsies and those with GCA, the incidence of other causes for isolated fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsies was 4.7% (3/64). Conclusions In our series of patients with acute isolated ocular motor nerve palsies, a substantial proportion of patients had other causes, including neoplasm, GCA, and brain stem infarction. Brain MRI and laboratory workup have a role in the initial evaluation of older patients with isolated acute ocular motor nerve palsies regardless of whether vascular risk factors are present. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Genome sequence of M6, a diploid inbred clone of the high-glycoalkaloid-producing tuber-bearing potato species Solanum chacoense, reveals residual heterozygosity.

Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a highly heterozygous autotetraploid that presents challenges in genome analyses and breeding. Wild potato species serve as a resource for the introgression of important agronomic traits into cultivated potato. One key species is Solanum chacoense and the diploid, inbred clone M6, which is self-compatible and has desirable tuber market quality and disease resistance traits. Sequencing and assembly of the genome of the M6 clone of S. chacoense generated an assembly of 825 767 562 bp in 8260 scaffolds with an N50 scaffold size of 713 602 bp. Pseudomolecule construction anchored 508 Mb of the genome assembly into 12 chromosomes. Genome annotation yielded 49 124 high-confidence gene models representing 37 740 genes. Comparative analyses of the M6 genome with six other Solanaceae species revealed a core set of 158 367 Solanaceae genes and 1897 genes unique to three potato species. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms across the M6 genome revealed enhanced residual heterozygosity on chromosomes 4, 8 and 9 relative to the other chromosomes. Access to the M6 genome provides a resource for identification of key genes for important agronomic traits and aids in genome-enabled development of inbred diploid potatoes with the potential to accelerate potato breeding.
The Spectrum of Eigenvalues in the Renormalization Group Theory of Phase Transitions

It is shown that for any two eigenvalues of a general renormalization group transformation, there exists an eigenoperator with eigenvalue equal to the product of those two eigenvalues. Corrections to scaling are generated by such product operators - even at a fixed point - with exactly the same set of exponents derived by Wegner. Because of these operators, renormalized couplings are not generally expected to be analytic functions of the original couplings, but include terms of the form (K – K c )2-α . Methods for performing numerical tests of all results are described.
Data Storage and Access Management

One of the most basic challenges arising from the increasing use of electronic data in both clinical practice and research lies in the design and implementation of storage solutions capable of accommodating modern demands. Complex organizational structures, which often cross clinical care and basic research, the often sensitive nature of data, and the ever growing volume of both structured or annotated and unstructured data all motivate innovations, e.g., in identity management, audit trails, monitoring and security, and permissions management. Clinical, translational, and health services research generate very large amounts of data and take place within a complex regulatory environment. Data management, proper placement, including long-term preservation of value, requires careful attention to security, ease of use and access, transparency, and compliance with numerous state and federal laws. It also demands close collaboration and mutual trust between of the IT group responsible for support of research and the IT group responsible for support of clinical care and business operations in a complex research intensive medical center.
Proceedings of the 2008 workshop on Immersive projection technologies/Emerging display technologiges

Welcome to the Emerging Displays Technologies Workshop 2008. After the first successful co-location with SIGGRAPH in 2007, this one continues the trend, looking forward to another successful year. This time the workshop was extended to two days due to the inclusion of the Immersive Display Projection Technology (IPT) workshop. We bring to you an exciting and interesting program that covers new display technologies, new uses of EDT, and new techniques to run displays more efficiently. EDT brings a selection of the best research and practices in display technology currently happening around the world. Furthermore, EDT brings two panels of experts that will discuss the upcoming trends in display technology and that will engage the audience to also share their ideas during the discussion. We hope you find EDT motivating, engaging, and informative. Welcome to EDT 2008!
Power and Performance Tradeoff of a Floating-Point Intensive Kernel on OpenCL FPGA Platform

As power is recognized as one of first-order constraints in high-performance computing, understanding how power and performance are affected using a high-level synthesis tool for a floating-point intensive kernel is important. FPGAs offer a promising solution for high-performance and energyefficient computing applications. This paper presents the impact of the optimizations of a floating-point intensive kernel from a geographical information system upon the performance and power using an FPGA. Using an OpenCL-based high-level synthesis tool for FPGAs, we evaluate the resource usage, performance and power consumption of the kernel implementations on an Arria10-based FPGA platform. We compare the performance and energy efficiency of the kernel implementations on an Arria 10 GX1150 FPGA, an Intel's Xeon Phi Knights Landing CPU, and an NVIDIA's Tesla K80 GPU. Our experiment shows that the performance per watt of the kernel implementation on the FPGA is 1.79X better than the CPU and 1.56X better than the GPU. The execution time on the FPGA is approximately 2.9X slower.
Towards Mathematical Reasoning: A Multimodal Deep Learning Approach

This paper presents a new direction for the visual question answering task. Given an image with a simple linear algebraic equation system and a question in natural language based on the variables in the equations, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model that produces accurate answers to questions pertaining to the value of the variables and other related questions. Modeling the problem of solving simple linear equations as a VQA task makes it interesting as the system now requires three kinds of understanding a) visual understanding to recognize digits, variables, operators and equal sign b) conceptual understanding of the symbolic meanings of coefficients' constants, variables, operators and equality and c) high level understanding of the interaction between the image and the questions in order to accurately answer them. We also create an open-source dataset for the same and compare the performance of our model with different baselines.
Abstract WMP38: Early Recurrent Infarction on Serial MRI in Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: MyRIAD is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study to determine the mechanisms of stroke recurrence in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Prior studies sug...
Goitein and the Study of Slavery in the Medieval Islamic World

This essay assesses S. D. Goitein’s contributions to the study of domestic slavery and the slave trade in the medieval Middle East between the eleventh and the thirteenth centuries. As early as 1950, Goitein begin publishing documentary material from the Cairo Geniza that shed light on the lives of domestic slaves and enslaved factotums. In 1967, he published the first volume of his magnum opus, A Mediterranean Society, which included the chapter “Slaves and Slave Girls” along with detailed notes. Since its publication, the survey “Slaves and Slave Girls” has served as a crucial reference for the study of domestic slavery in the medieval Islamic world. Criticisms of Goitein’s writings on slavery are also explored here. First, his commitment to demonstrating the piety and humanism of Geniza society led Goitein to emphasize the positive treatment that slaves sometimes received and downplay the violence and exploitation also present. Second, he understated the importance of the Geniza documents and Jewish merchants’ activities for historians’ understanding of the slave trade. Ultimately, Goitein viewed his work on slavery, as he did A Mediterranean Society as a whole, as a provisional sketch. Indeed, his published work and research archive continue to provide an invaluable point of departure for new histories of slavery and related topics. This essay suggests avenues for future research on slavery in the medieval Islamic world.
A Local-Network Guided Linear Discriminant Analysis for Classifying Lung Cancer Subtypes using Individual Genome-Wide Methylation Profiles

Accurate and efficient prediction of lung cancer subtypes is clinically important for early diagnosis and prevention. Predictions can be made using individual genomic profiles and other patient-level covariates, such as smoking status. With the ultrahigh-dimensional genomic profiles, the most predictive biomarkers need to be first selected. Most of the current machine learning techniques only select biomarkers that are strongly correlated with the outcome disease. However, many biomarkers, even though have marginally weak correlations with the outcome disease, may execute a strong predictive effect on the disease status. In this paper, we employee an ultrahigh-dimensional classification method, which incorporates the weak signals into predictions, to predict lung cancer subtypes using individual genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. The results show that the prediction accuracy is significantly improved when the predictive weak signals are included. Our approach also detects the predictive local gene networks along with the weak signal detection. The local gene networks detected may shed lights on the cancer developing and progression mechanisms.
Teaching in Situ : Nonformal museum education

Abstract: Museum education is one of the most ubiquitous forms of nonformal education and one of the least researched, particularly when it comes to understanding the role of the nonformal museum educator (docent). In response to this concern, this qualitative study explored how docents made meaning of their nonformal museum education practice. Through the use of observations, visitor feedback, and interviews with docents, a much more complex picture is revealed of nonformal education than what historically has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, the findings have significant implications for teaching in museum settings. Resume L’education dans les musees est l’un des plus omnipresents formes de l’education non formelle, et l’un des moins etudie, particulierement lorsqu’il s’agit de comprendre le role de l’educateur au musee (guide). Cette etude qualitative a examine comment les guides ont comprendu la pratique d’education dans le musee. A l’aide des observations, les reaction des visiteurs et les entretiens avec les guides, une peinture beaucoup plus complexe est revelee de l’education nonformelle que ce qui a historiquement ete annonce dans la litterature. En outre, les conclusions ont des implications significatives pour enseigner dans les cadres des musees.
Edible clay inclusion in the diet of oysters can reduce tissue residues of polychlorinated biphenyls

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic and persistent environmental pollutants that are readily absorbed and accumulated in high concentrations in fatty tissues of humans and animals. Invertebrate animals, such as oysters, are vulnerable and sensitive to PCB contamination. Previously, our in vitro isothermal studies have shown that acid processed montmorillonites (APM) can effectively bind PCBs and Aroclors. Therefore, in a novel application of this work, a dietary strategy for shellfish was developed using APM, and its parent clay to reduce exposures to PCBs in oysters. PCB residues in oysters with clay treatment at different dietary inclusion rates and durations were measured and compared to a washout treatment. The efficacy and safety of this strategy were supported by a significant reduction of PCB residues with the inclusion of a low level of APM (0.05%) during a 4-day treatment. Moreover, this sorbent strategy reduced PCB residues in oysters in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Based on our results, it is possible that clay-based sorbents such as APM, can be included in the diet to significantly reduce exposures to PCBs.
Interference of Surface and Embedded Three Strip Footings in Undrained Condition

The closed-form solutions for the undrained bearing capacity of shallow footing have been derived considering only single footing due to difficulties associated with adding the effect of nearby footings. However, the footing, in reality, may be separated or bounded by other footings from one side or two sides, and hence, the interference effect should be considered. This study has been conducted to understand the influence of the presence of existed footings on the undrained bearing capacity of a new footing that is placed between the existed footings. Validated numerical analyses have been conducted for single and interference footings to clearly understand the effect of the spacing between the footings on the obtained bearing capacity and the associated failure mechanism. The influence of the embedment ratio and the undrained cohesion has also been considered in these analyses to illustrate the combined influence of all of the factors. It was found that the undrained cohesion does not remarkably influence the trend of the relationship of the bearing capacity ratio and the distance ratio between the old and the new footings, while the embedment ratio has been found to have a remarkable impact on the trend of the aforementioned relationship. The average maximum percentage increase of the bearing capacity of the new footing due to the interference effect is found to be ranged between 6% to 23% depending on the embedment ratio and the distance between the footings. Importantly, the embedment ratio is found to influence the critical distance at which the maximum bearing capacity of the new footing is achieved.
Evaluation of Texture Descriptors for Automated Gender Estimation from Fingerprints

Gender is an important demographic attribute. In the context of biometrics, gender information can be used to index databases or enhance the recognition accuracy of primary biometric traits. A number of studies have demonstrated that gender can be automatically deduced from face images. However, few studies have explored the possibility of automatically estimating gender information from fingerprint images. Consequently, there is a limited understanding in this topic. Fingerprint being a widely adopted biometrics, gender cues from the fingerprint image will significantly aid in commercial applications and forensic investigations. This study explores the use of classical texture descriptors - Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Phase Quantization (LPQ), Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF) and Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) - to estimate gender from fingerprint images. The robustness of these descriptors to various types of image degradations is evaluated. Experiments conducted on the WVU fingerprint dataset suggest the efficacy of LBP descriptor in encoding gender information from good quality fingerprints. The BSIF descriptor is observed to be robust to partial fingerprints, while LPQ is observed to work well on blurred fingerprints. However, the gender estimation accuracy in the case of fingerprints is much lower than that of face, thereby suggesting that more work is necessary on this topic.
Sequential Resource Allocation with Positional Costs.

We consider the problem of minimizing the total cost to run a sequence of $n$ tasks in the given order by $k$ agents under the positional cost model. The cost to run a task not only depends on the intrinsic cost of the task itself, but also monotonically related to the position this task is in the working list of the agent assigned. Such a positional effect can naturally arise from the classic sum-of-completion-time minimization problems, and is also well motivated by the varying efficiency when an agent works in reality (such as due to the learning effects or deteriorating effects). Also, it can be seen as a deterministic variant of the classic Baysian sequential decision making problems. This paper presents a simple and practical algorithm that runs in $O(k^2 n)$ time and minimizes the total cost of any problem instance consisting of two task types. The algorithm works by making greedy decision for each task sequentially based on some stopping thresholds in a "greedy-like" allocation simulation -- a working style coinciding with Gittins' optimal-stopping based algorithm for the classic Baysian multi-armed bandit problem.
Equilibria in Dynamic Selfish Routing

In both transportation and communication networks we are faced with "selfish flows", where every agent sending flow over the network desires to get it to its destination as soon as possible. Such flows have been well studied in time-invariant networks in the last few years. A key observation that must be taken into account in defining and studying selfish flow, however, is that a flow can take a non-negligible amount of time to travel across the network from the source to destination, and that network states like traffic load and congestion can vary during this period. Such flows are called dynamic flows (a.k.a. flows over time). This variation in network state as the flow progresses through the network results in the fundamentally different and significantly more complex nature of dynamic flow equilibria, as compared to those defined in static network settings. In this paper, we study equilibria in dynamic flows, and prove various bounds about their quality, as well as give algorithms on how to compute them. In general, we show that unlike in static flows, Nash equilibria may not exist, and the price of anarchy can be extremely high. If the system obeys FIFO (first-in first-out), however, we show the existence and how to compute an equilibrium for all single-source single-sink networks. In addition, we prove a set of much stronger results about price of anarchy and stability in the case where the delay on an edge is flow-independent.
Reproductive effort is inversely proportional to average adult life span

Background: Forty years ago, G.C. Williams predicted that reproductive effort should be inversely related to the average adult life span across species. Aim: Use allometric life-history theory to refine that prediction. Result: Reproductive effort should be inversely proportional to average adult life span, a −1 scaling rule.
Children in Fragile Families

This paper uses data from the first four waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the following questions: (1) what are unmarried parents? capabilities at the time of their child?s birth, and what is the nature of their relationship at birth and over time? (2) How do family structure and stability affect parental resources (financial and health)? (3) How do family structure and stability affect the level and quality of parental investments in children? And (4) how do family structure and stability affect children?s cognitive and socio-emotional development? We argue that although unmarried parents have ?high hopes? for their relationships at the time their child is born, low capabilities and distrust lead to high rates of union instability and growing family complexity. Instability and complexity, in turn, reduce parental resources by lowering parental resources (financial and health), paternal investments, and the quality of mothers? parenting, all of which undermine children?s cognitive and socio-emotional development. At the aggregate level, these pathways explain how non-marital childbearing contributes to the persistence of disadvantage across generations.
Degradation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl by Pseudomonas sp. strain HBP1.

Pseudomonas sp. strain HBP1 was found to grow on 2-hydroxy- and 2,2'-dihydroxy-biphenyl as the sole carbon and energy sources. The first step in the degradation of these compounds was catalyzed by an NADH-dependent monooxygenase. The enzyme inserted a hydroxyl group adjacent to the already existing hydroxyl group to form 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl when acting on 2-hydroxybiphenyl and to form 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl when acting on 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl. To be substrates of the monooxygenase, compounds required a 2-hydroxyphenyl-R structure, with R being a hydrophobic group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, sec-butyl, phenyl, or 2-hydroxyphenyl). Several chlorinated hydroxybiphenyls served as pseudosubstrates by effecting consumption of NADH and oxygen without being hydroxylated. Further degradation of 2,3-dihydroxy- and 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl involved meta cleavage, with subsequent formation of benzoate and salicylate, respectively.
Internal Ownership Structures of U.S. Multinational Firms

This paper is a comprehensive analysis of the foreign ownership structures of U.S. multinational firms. Though the vast majority of foreign subsidiaries are ultimately wholly-owned by their U.S. parents, the way these entities are arranged within the firms’ ownership structures varies considerably from simple to highly complex. The structures receive public attention because of their role in tax planning, but no academic study to date investigates the trade-offs involved in designing them jointly, or documents what the structures look like for typical firms. This paper begins to fill this gap. After establishing a basic taxonomy and a set of key facts about the structures, we look inside the black box of complex firms to investigate what forces drive internal ownership choices. We find evidence of several distinct tax motives, but also uncover a number of non-tax factors, including internal financing costs and expropriation risks.
From Identity Politics to Identification Studies

Today, identity politics seems almost quaint. Faded into memory are NEA funding battles and culture wars over representations of identities, dismantling of identity-based social programs such as college admissions and affirmative action, and the spawning of an all-purpose, anti-progressive code phrase, “politically incorrect.” Moreover, scholars, particularly those working in critical/cultural areas, have theorized identity away in a multitude of ways: combining categories into hybrids and cyborgs, challenging its liberal humanist assumptions, critiquing its biases, tracing its processes of discursive constitution, queering its dualisms, and envisioning its aftermath in a post-identity world. Identity—at least insofar as an authentic expression of some aspect of inner self from which to build coalitions—seems to have had its moment in the sun, now safely tucked into a thematic week or two on syllabi or a chapter in a textbook: a familiar, but not terribly new or exciting topic.
PRICE-TENURE REGRESSIONS WITH CENSORED DATA

Price data contained in either cross-sectional or panel-data surveys is inherently censored due to the data-collection methodology of these surveys. As a result, an OLS price-tenure regression will yiel d inconsistent estimates of those parameters which theoretical models imply are of interest. The authors demonstrate that censoring is not only present in many data sets but that censoring-corrected estimate s of these critical parameters are dramatically different from those where censoring is assumed not to exist ex ante. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd