cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimizing problems between vascular trainees and general surgery residents

Abstract The current problems and conflicts associated with training of vascular and general surgery residents exemplify the larger dilemma of educating subspecialists while preserving the wellspring of general surgery. Previous vascular fellowship programs during the era of evolution of our subspecialty were characterized by clinical preceptorships or research programs with little thought about the impact on training of general surgery residents. The current era of educational safeguards permits approved vascular training programs provided that adequate educational experience, operative caseload, and appropriate supervision are ensured for both the vascular and general surgical trainee. The future portends significant changes in general surgical and subspecialty training to enhance the career goals of all surgical residents. Such evolutionary changes are necessary to not only capitalize on the benefits of subspecialty care but also enhance the professional standing and expertise of the general surgeon. These modifications in training programs will require the coordinated efforts of major societal, governmental, accrediting, and certifying organizations. (J VASC SURG 1990;12:91-4.)
An economic model of ecolabeling

Firms would like to capitalize on consumers' willingness to pay more for goods that use environmentally friendly production techniques, but have difficulty credibly conveying their environmental friendliness. One possible remedy is “ecolabeling,” where a third party certifies firms' products. To model this phenomenon, I analyzed a market characterized by asymmetric information in which firms decide whether to seek an ecolabel. Market equilibrium is discussed in three settings: where both technologies and outputs are fixed (so the only choice is whether to seek certification), where technologies are fixed but outputs are not, and where firms can choose both technology and output.
Three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme determined by electron crystallography.

DURING transcription in E. coli, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase locates specific promoter sequences in the DNA template, melts a small region containing the transcription start site, initiates RNA synthesis, processively elongates the transcript, and finally terminates and releases the RNA product. Each step is regulated by interactions between the polymerase, the DNA, the nascent RNA, and a variety of regulatory proteins and ligands1-3. The E. coli enzyme contains a catalytic core of two α-subunits, one β-and one β′-subunit, with relative molecular masses (Mr) of 36,512, 150,619 and 155,162, respectively2. The holoenzyme has an additional regulatory subunit, normally σ-70, of Mr 70,236. Preparations may also contain the ω-subunit (Mr∼10,000), which can be removed without affecting any known properties of the enzyme2. Because the amino-acid sequences of the β- and β′-subunits are homologous to those of the largest subunits of the yeast, Drosophila and murine RNA polymerases4-7, it seems likely that essential features of the three-dimensional structure and catalytic mechanism of RNA polymerase are also conserved across species. Crystals of RNA polymerase suitable for X-ray analysis have not yet been obtained, but two-dimensional crystals of E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme can be grown on positively charged lipid layers8. Electron microscopy of these crystals in negative stain shows the enzyme in projection as an irregularly shaped complex ∼100 x 100 x 160 A in size. We have now determined the three-dimensional structure by electron microscopy of negatively stained, two-dimensional crystals tilted at various angles to the incident electron beam9. We find a structure in RNA polymerase similar to the active-site cleft of DNA polymerase I (ref. 10). In the light of functional similarities between these two enzymes, together with other evidence, this probably identifies the active-site region of RNA polymerase.
Topographic regulation of cytoskeletal protein phosphorylation by multimeric complexes in the squid giant fiber system.

In mammalian and squid nervous systems, the phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins (NFs) seems to be topographically regulated. Although NFs and relevant kinases are synthesized in cell bodies, phosphorylation of NFs, particularly in the lys-ser-pro (KSP) repeats in NF-M and NF-H tail domains, seem to be restricted to axons. To explore the factors regulating the cellular compartmentalization of NF phosphorylation, we separated cell bodies (GFL) from axons in the squid stellate ganglion and compared the kinase activity in the respective lysates. Although total kinase activity was similar in each lysate, the profile of endogenous phosphorylated substrates was strikingly different. Neurofilament protein 220 (NF220), high-molecular-weight NF protein (HMW), and tubulin were the principal phosphorylated substrates in axoplasm, while tubulin was the principal GFL phosphorylated substrate, in addition to highly phosphorylated low-molecular-weight proteins. Western blot analysis showed that whereas both lysates contained similar kinases and cytoskeletal proteins, phosphorylated NF220 and HMW were completely absent from the GFL lysate. These differences were highlighted by P13(suc1) affinity chromatography, which revealed in axoplasm an active multimeric phosphorylation complex(es), enriched in cytoskeletal proteins and kinases; the equivalent P13 GFL complex exhibited six to 20 times less endogenous and exogenous phosphorylation activity, respectively, contained fewer cytoskeletal proteins and kinases, and expressed a qualitatively different cdc2-like kinase epitope, 34 kDa rather than 49 kDa. Cell bodies and axons share a similar repertoire of molecular consitutents; however, the data suggest that the cytoskeletal/kinase phosphorylation complexes extracted from each cellular compartment by P13 are fundamentally different.
Synthesis of 5-hydroxy-[6-14C]-methyl-2-di-n-propylaminotetralin

By an improved synthesis, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-di-n-propylaminotetralin (DK-118), a dopamine agonist, has been obtained in only six steps and in greater than 10% overall yield. This new synthesis has been used for the preparation of 5-hydroxy-[6-14C]-methyl-2-di-n-propylaminotetralin (I) to be used in metabolic studies. The 14C-radiolabel was introduced near the end of the synthesis by an ortho-specific formylation procedure using 14C-paraformaldehyde.
Individual sex ratio adjustment in response to the operational sex ratio in the southern green stinkbug.

Females of the southern green stinkbug, Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), initiating copulation in a female-biased environment produced relatively more sons than females initiating copulation in a male-biased environment. Although families suffering greater mortality yielded more sons, the difference in offspring sex ratio between treatments was not due to differential mortality by sex since the distribution of family size did not vary between treatments. Female condition, indexed by female size and size of the first egg mass laid, did not vary between treatments and, therefore, apparently did not contribute to the results. Thus, it appears that the stinkbug is capable of facultative sex ratio adjustment in response to the operational sex ratio, increasing the production of sons when males are rare. In nature, overlapping generations and female-biased operational sex ratios may occur; conditions under which selection for sex ratio adjustment is most intense.
Acquiring and operationalizing worker flexibility in dual resource constrained job shops with worker transfer delays and learning losses

Abstract Although several studies within the dual resource constrained (DRC) job shop literature have investigated issues related to worker flexibility, the costs associated with acquiring and operationalizing this flexibility have been addressed in a limited fashion. This study is aimed at understanding whether cross-training workers in DRC job shops in the presence of worker transfer delays, worker learning effects, and worker attrition improves shop performance. Two worker assignment control rules, and two rules to select the department for the transferring worker, are also tested to understand how workers should be assigned to alternate tasks in different departments. Results from our study indicate that cross-training workers in at least two different departments improves shop performance even when large transfer delays are present. Extensive cross-training is shown to increase the associated costs, especially for the centralized transfer rule. Consequently, the decentralized assignment control policy is recommended since it performs well even in the presence of large transfer delays for the cross-trained workers. Consistent with the prior literature, the rules to select the next department for the transferring worker are shown to have negligible impact on the shop performance. Worker utilization level is shown to be the key underlying variable which explains these performance trends and leads to the associated recommendations.
Patterson et al. reply

Replying to: J. Wakeley , 10.1038/nature06805 (2008) In his communication1, Wakeley does not find any flaw in our argument for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees2, nor has he identified a simple demographic model that can explain the notable differences in genetic divergence that we observe between humans and chimpanzees when comparing chromosome X and the autosomes.
Station design impact on reliability assessment

The purpose of this study was to describe a methodology that can be used in evaluating a transit system, placing the majority emphasis upon the station configuration and establishing maneuver zones for vehicular interaction. The station areas are described from the interrelation with the guideway and operational policies. In order to determine the quantity of vehicles in a given section at a specified time, the operational procedures are also examined. The station zone impact and the operational policies are interwoven together in the reliability assessment paragraph showing the method of computing the reliability in terms of blockages for each sector and the overall system. Also included is a very brief explanation of the remaining elements from a failure rate per mile viewpoint. Integration of the failure rates of the total system is necessary in order to predict the total expected blockages during an operational day. This method can be modified to include other station designs and operating policies. The overall intent was to stimulate reliability impact on station design consciousness in future reliability predictions.
TCT-363 Precision of a Novel High-Definition 60MHz IVUS in Quantitative Measurement: Comparison with Conventional 40MHz IVUS and Optical Coherence Tomography

Previous validation studies have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide superior precision in quantitative measurements to conventional 40MHz IVUS. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a novel high-definition 60MHz IVUS in head-to-head comparison with currently available
Hybrid Potential Field Based Control of Differential Drive Mobile Robots

This paper suggests a new way for nonholonomic mobile robots to navigate in obstacle environments using potential fields based on navigation functions. The proposed strategy is a time-invariant feedback control design with the distinguishing feature that it requires almost no switching compared to alternative methodologies of the same nature. Asymptotic convergence with collision avoidance for the proposed approach is established analytically, and the method is demonstrated on a differential-drive skid steering mobile robot.
Alpha-recoil damage in natural zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7)☆

Radiation effects in natural zirconolites which have received alpha doses from 4.4 × 1024 alphas/m3 to greater than 1026 alphas/m3 have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The monoclinic zirconolite crystal structure is retained up to doses of 4.4 × 1024 alphas/m3. At intermediate doses (3 × 1025 alphas/m3), the material consists of a mixture of amorphous and crystalline regions, the latter having an average fcc fluorite structure. At doses greater than 1026 alphas/m3 the zirconolite is highly disordered and electron diffraction-amorphous. There is no evidence for remnant long range periodicity, and the broad electron diffraction halos are consistent with scattering from a nonperiodic atomic arrangement. Evidence is presented indicating that the crystallinity reported by others [2] in these high dose zirconolites may be due to alteration, the presence of impurities, or electron beam-heating. All samples with doses greater than 4.4 × 1024 alphas/m3 displayed porosity consisting of near-spherical micro-voids. This porosity may be caused by He-bubble formation during U and Th decay.
Ethical orientations and criminal justice: The effects of academic major and gender

We identified and compared the self-reported ethical ideological orientations of criminal justice majors and other students from a course selected to represent the general student population at a midwestern public university. We also explored potential differences in ethical orientation as a function of gender. Criminal justice majors report ethical orientations compatible with those of the general student population. Males report significantly higher ethical idealism scores than females, but we found no significant difference on ethical relativism. Further, male criminal justice majors demonstrate significantly lower variance within scores on both ethical idealism and ethical relativism than do female criminal justice majors and both males and females from the general student population. We discuss the practical and pedagogical implications of ethical ideology for criminal justice education and practice.
G-1:C73 recognition by an arginine cluster in the active site of Escherichia coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase

Aminoacylation of a transfer RNA (tRNA) by its cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase relies upon the recognition of specific nucleotides as well as conformational features within the tRNA by the synthetase. In Escherichia coli, the aminoacylation of tRNA(His) by histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is highly dependent upon the recognition of the unique G-1:C73 base pair and the 5'-monophosphate. This work investigates the RNA-protein interactions between the HisRS active site and these critical recognition elements. A homology model of the tRNA(His)-HisRS complex was generated and used to design site-specific mutants of possible G-1:C73 contacts. Aminoacylation assays were performed with these HisRS mutants and N-1:C73 tRNA(His) and microhelix(His) variants. Complete suppression of the negative effect of 5'-phosphate deletion by R123A HisRS, as well as the increased discrimination of Q118E HisRS against a 5'-triphosphate, suggests a possible interaction between the 5'-phosphate and active-site residues Arg123 and Gln118 in which these residues create a sterically and electrostatically favorable pocket for the binding of the negatively charged phosphate group. Additionally, a network of interactions appears likely between G-1 and Arg116, Arg123, and Gln118 because mutation of these residues significantly reduced the sensitivity of HisRS to changes at G-1. Our studies also support an interaction previously proposed between Gln118 and C73. Defining the RNA-protein interactions critical for efficient aminoacylation by E. coli HisRS helps to further characterize the active site of this enzyme and improves our understanding of how the unique identity elements in the acceptor stem of tRNA(His) confer specificity.
A comparative experimental study of the isothermal shear and uniaxial elongational rheological properties of low density, high density and linear low density polyethylenes

Abstract The rheological properties of a series of sixteen polyethylene melts with different molecular weights, molecular weight distributions and types of long chain branching have been investigated. Measurement of shear viscosity, principal normal stress difference and elongational flow response are included. The behavior of high density polyethylenes and linear low density polyethylenes are described in an equivalent way in terms of their molecular weights and molecular weight distribution. The LDPE response is different, being strongly influenced by the extent of long chain branching. This appears to elevate normal stresses, and introduce substantial “strain rate hardening” in uniaxial extension. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of the theory of second-order fluids and the convected Maxwell model. The influence of long chain branching as well as molecular weight distribution on constitutive equation parameters is discussed.
Hypoxia-induced HIF-1 α accumulation is augmented in a co-culture of keloid fibroblasts and human mast cells: Involvement of ERK1/2 and PI-3K/Akt

Keloids represent a prolonged inflammatory fibrotic state with areas that display distinctive histological features characterized by an abundant extracellular matrix stroma, a local infiltration of inflammatory cells including mast cells, and a milieu of enriched cytokines. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated an intrinsic higher level of HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expression in keloid tissues compared with their adjacent unremarkable skins. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying the elevated expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in keloids, we exposed a co-culture of keloid fibroblasts and mast cells (HMC-1) to hypoxic conditions and studied the expression of HIF-1alpha and its target gene, VEGF. Our results showed that hypoxia-dependent HIF-1alpha protein accumulation and VEGF expression is augmented in keloid fibroblasts when co-cultured with HMC-1 cells under the condition where direct cell-cell contact is allowed. But such augmentation is not observed in the transwell co-culture system whereas fibroblasts and HMC-1 cells were separated by a porous membrane. Our results also indicated that the enhancement of hypoxia-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and Akt requires direct cell-cell interaction between mast cells and keloid fibroblasts, and activation of both ERK1/2 and Akt is involved in the hypoxia-dependent HIF-1alpha protein accumulation and VEGF expression in the co-culture system. These findings suggest that under hypoxic conditions mast cells may contribute, at least in part, to an elevated expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein in keloids via direct cell-cell interaction with fibroblasts.
Perception, Decision Making, and Skill in Relation to a Boating Operator's Performance:

Basic human characteristics are applied to understanding the design and operation of boats. In particular, the processes of perception, skill, judgment and decision making are analyzed in the boating environment. Emphasis is given to (1) errors and hazards that are likely to result in the boating environment (both stressor-induced and others), and (2) areas where research is needed to determine the role of these human factors in boating. From our present state of knowledge, we can conclude that the human operator needs to be studied to determine the minimum safe levels of performance in each of these areas in the boating task. The proposed methodology involves field investigations with accident victims and constructing real-world test courses to gain data. Quantitative determinations of the safe levels of performance could allow the establishment of the necessary educational or regulatory procedures to assure these performance levels.
General instability of eccentrically stiffened cylindrical panels

6 Donnell, L. H., "Stability of Thin-Walled Tubes under Torsion," Rept. 479, 1933, NASA. 7 Chamis, C. C., "Micro and Structural Mechanics and Structural Synthesis of Multilayered Filamentary Composite Panels," DSMSD Rept. 9 under Contract No. AF 33(615)-3110, Sept. 1967, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 8 Chao, T. L., "Minimum Weight Design of Stiffened Fiber Composite Cylinders," Ph.D. thesis, Sept. 1969, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 9 Cheng, S. and Ho, B. P. C., "Stability of Heterogeneous Aeolotropic Cylindrical Shells under Combined Loading," AIAA Journal, Vol. 1, No. 4, April 1963, pp. 892-898. 10 Kicher, T. P. and Mandell, J. F., "An Experimental Study of the Buckling of Anisotropic Plates," AIAA/ASME 10th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, New Orleans, La., April 1969, pp. 380-385. 11 Fiacco, A. V. and McCormick, G. P., "The Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique for Non-linear Programming, A Primal Dual Method," Management Science, Vol. 10, No. 2, Jan. 1964. 12 Fletcher, R. and Powell, M. J. D., "A Rapidly Convergent Descent Method for Minimization," Computer Journal (British), Vol. 6, 1963, pp. 163-168.
Traitement chirurgical conventionnel des anévrysmes aortiques intéressant les artères rénales

Nous etudions retrospectivement le traitement chirurgical conventionnel des anevrysmes de l'aorte juxta-renale (AAJR) et supra-renale (AASR) non rompus pour estimer les effets sur la survie et la fonction renale. Nous avons identifie les malades ayant eu le traitement chirurgical conventionnel d'AAJR et d'AASR. Les comorbidites medicales pre-operatoires, ainsi que les resultats post-operatoires et tardifs ont ete notes. Les evenements critiques ont ete la survie (post-operatoire et a long terme) et les modifications de la fonction renale (necrose tubulaire aigue (NTA), dialyse et modification fonctionnelle tardive). Les associations entre les resultats et les variables cliniques ont ete examinees en utilisant des techniques uni et multivariees. Entre Decembre 1996 et Septembre 2006, 678 malades ont eu le traitement chirurgical conventionnel d'un anevrysme aortique, dont 150 anevrysmes interessant les arteres renales (134 AAJR et 16 AASR). La mortalite peri-operatoire a ete de 3 % et la survie a long terme de 69 % a 5 ans. Quatorze pour cent des malades ont fait une NTA et 7 % ont necessite une dialyse au cours de leur hospitalisation. Tardivement, la fonction renale est restee inchangee ou amelioree chez 75 % des malades. Ces resultats montrent une mortalite et un taux de complication renale post-operatoire conformes aux precedents travaux concernant la chirurgie conventionnelle des anevrysmes de l'aorte abdominale interessant les arteres renales. Les developpements futurs d'endoprotheses aortiques branchees ou fenetrees pour traiter ces anevrysmes devraient avoir de tels resultats avant une diffusion plus large.
Transfemoral interfaces with vacuum assisted suspension comparison of gait, balance, and subjective analysis: ischial containment versus brimless.

Abstract Objective Investigate the effect of a brimless interface design compared with ischial ramus containment (IRC) of interfaces when using vacuum-assisted suspension (VAS) on transfemoral amputees (TFAs). Design Randomized experimental crossover. Setting Household, community, and clinic. Participants Unilateral TFAs (N = 12 enrolled, N = 10 analyzed). Mean age: 42.9 years. Mean residual limb length: 60.3% of the sound side femur length. Participants’ mean time as an amputee: 8.3 years and median AMP score: 43. Interventions (1) IRC VAS interface, and (2) brimless VAS interface. Average medial wall height for IRC interfaces was 0.7 cm proximal to the distal-most aspect of the ischial tuberosity (IT). The medial wall on the brimless design was an average of 3.3 cm distal to the distal-most aspect of the IT. Main outcome measures Spatiotemporal gait parameters, limits of stability, four square step test, and subjective perception using the prosthetic evaluation questionnaire (PEQ). Results Step length was significantly improved towards the IRC (p = 0.04), when calculating degree of asymmetry. Base of support was significantly narrowed toward the brimless (p = 0.03). All subjective measures reached statistical significance in favor of improvement with the brimless design, compared to the IRC. Conclusions The brimless design was equivalent to IRC in most gait and balance outcome measures. However, step length was more symmetrical toward the IRC while base of support was narrowed toward the brimless demonstrating mixed inconsistent performance changes. Further, the PEQ demonstrated significant subjective improvements in prosthetic related function and quality of life when participants used the brimless design. Brimless interface design may be a clinically viable choice.
Catalytic reduction of ethyl chloroacetate by cobalt(I) salen electrogenerated at vitreous carbon cathodes

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential electrolysis, and spectroelectrochemistry have been employed to investigate and characterize the catalytic reduction of ethyl chloroacetate by cobalt(I) salen, electrogenerated at a carbon cathode in dimethylformamide containing tetraalkylammonium salts as supporting electrolytes. A cyclic voltammogram for the reduction of cobalt(II) salen in the presence of excess ethyl chloroacetate exhibits a prewave, which is attributed to the formation of an ethoxycarbonylmethylcobalt(III) salen complex. This prewave is followed by a large catalytic wave which involves the formation of both ethoxycarbonylmethyl and ethoxide anions; the first anion then undergoes a series of chemical reactions with the remaining starting material (ethyl chloroacetate) to yield ethyl acetate and 1,2,3-cyclopropane tricarboxylic acid triethyl ester, whereas ethoxide is protonated to afford ethanol. From the results obtained by means of cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis, a mechanism is proposed to explain our findings, and the validity of this mechanism has been probed with the aid of experiments involving the liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of the ethoxycarbonylmethylcobalt(III) salen complex.
Combined occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial disassociation without neurologic injury: Case report and review of the literature

STUDY DESIGN Case report and literature review. OBJECTIVE To discuss the diagnosis, limitations, and treatment of combined occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial disassociation with normal neurologic function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Injuries to the craniocervical junction can lead to devastating neurologic deficits. Occipital-cervical disassociation is a well-documented injury pattern that can lead to pain, spinal cord injury, and death. Early diagnosis and treatment can preserve neurologic function. Combined injuries to both the occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial segments are less common and, to date, have only been described with severe neurologic injury. METHODS Retrospective review of a case. Literature review was performed through Medline and Pubmed searches. RESULTS This is the first case to present a combined occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial disassociation with a neurologically intact patient. Initial physical examination was limited, but early imaging revealed evidence of instability. Early diagnosis and early (< 24) surgical stabilization was performed with no complications and neurologic preservation. One-year follow-up visit revealed normal neurologic examination with neck pain VAS = 2/10 and neck disability index = 6. CONCLUSION Combined injuries to the occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial can result in upper cervical instability. Despite previous reports, neurologic preservation remains a possibility in this injury pattern. Limitations in physical examination and radiographic imaging persist, but early diagnosis and surgical stabilization may improve neurologic outcomes.
Nucleotide-stabilized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles stabilized by both natural and unnatural 5′-nucleotide triphosphates were investigated to elucidate the specific chemical functionalities involved in the synthesis of emissive materials. The roles of the nucleobase functionalities in semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis are deconvoluted using photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. Through a survey of all the natural nucleosides, it was discovered that 5′-guanosine triphosphate most effectively stabilizes emissive nanoparticles, while adenosine, inosine, cytidine, uracil and 7-methylguanosine nucleobases do not facilitate successful synthesis of emissive product unless used under basic conditions. The work presented systematically explores and identifies important functionalities within polynucleic acids that can be used to produce aqueous soluble semiconductor nanocrystals.
Suppressed carrier techniques for multi-octave high dynamic range microwave photonic links

Optical transmission of microwave signals offers many advantages such as increased bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, reduction of size and weight, and minimal loss over long distances. But microwave photonic links often lack the sufficiently high dynamic range and large instantaneous bandwidth required in many applications. Optical carrier suppression has been used to increase link dynamic range, but second harmonic distortion terms limit the operational bandwidth to sub-octave applications. We present a method to apply carrier suppression to microwave photonic links while maintaining multi-octave operation. Our technique uses double sideband suppressed carrier modulation together with coherent heterodyne balanced detection to increase dynamic range, eliminate bandwidth-limiting second-order distortion terms, and reduce link noise figure. This approach provides efficient amplification of the modulated signal while limiting the effect of shot noise from the source laser and reducing common-mode noise terms such as source laser RIN and amplifier-related beat noise.
Luhmann Receives 2007 John Adam Fleming Medal

This year's John Adam Fleming medalist quickly established a reputation as an innovative and productive scientist with a broad range of interests. She made early and seminal contributions to aeronomy, cosmic rays, and magnetospheric and planetary physics. She contributed importantly to the understanding of the interaction of the solar wind with the atmosphere and magnetic fields of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. She has examined the behavior of planetary rings, the interaction of interstellar neutrals with heliospheric plasmas, as well as the interaction of planetary neutrals with the heliosphere. She has led in the study of the interaction of the moon Titan with the Saturn magnetosphere, and most recently she developed a vigorous solar physics effort, leading the implementation of the IMPACT particle and field package on the twin STEREO mission, now entering its second year of successful operation.
A Pronounced Continental-Scale Diurnal Mode of the Asian Summer Monsoon

Abstract A pronounced continental-scale diurnal mode of the Asian summer monsoon is mapped using data from recent satellites Meteosat-5 and TRMM. These datasets were available at high temporal resolutions. A result that stands out is the diurnal divergent circulation that in the afternoon hours has an ascending lobe over north-central India and has a descending lobe that reaches out radially toward central China, the southern part of China, the equatorial Indian Ocean, and the western Arabian Sea. The reverse circulation is clearly seen during the early morning hours. This diurnal pulsation of continental-scale divergent circulation appears to be an integral part of the monsoon. Another finding relates to the diurnal slowing down and speeding up of the Tibetan high circulations, especially in the southern flanks where the tropical easterly jet resides and exhibits a pulsation of intensity. The amplitude of pulsation was found to reach up to 7 m s−1. Thus this continental-scale change appears to be a prono...
Topological studies of spinach 22 kDa protein of Photosystem II

An intrinsic 22 kDa polypeptide is associated with the O2-evolving Photosystem II core complex in a variety of green plants, although it does not appear to be required for O2 evolution. Digestion of thylakoid membranes and isolated Photosystem II preparations with trypsin, followed by immunoblotting using spinach anti-22 kDa antibodies, leads to two observations: (1) the domain between the 2nd and 3rd transmembrane helices of the 22 kDa protein is stromally exposed, and (2) only in a reaction center complex preparation, lacking the chlorophyll ab-light harvesting complex II, is there extensive proteolytic cleavage of the 22 kDa protein. We also found that after, but not prior to, selective extraction of the 22 and 10 kDa proteins from Photosystem II membranes, the chlorophyll ab-light harvesting complex II can be separated from the Photosystem II reaction center core by precipitation with MgCl2. This result suggests that the 22 kDa polypeptide is located between the Photosystem II reaction center polypeptides and light-harvesting complex II; it is possible that the protein serves as a link between the two protein complexes. The presence of the 22 kDa protein in several species was also examined by immunoblotting with polyclonal spinach anti-22 kDa antibodies.
Emerging Technologies for Verification of Arms Control Treaties

Progress in the technical means of monitoring to verify compliance to arms control treaties is discussed in the following areas: Real-time surveillance with charge-coupled devices in the visible and infrared; image enhancement with digital 1 image processing and with adaptive optics; imaging with radars based on satellites and on the ground; seismic monitoring with high frequency discrimination and with unattended in-country seismic stations; and nuclear weapons test monitoring with the global positioning satellite system.
Luxación rotuliana recidivante

Introduccion La luxacion recidivante de rotula es consecuencia de la alteracion de uno o mas partes de los tejidos blandos que limitan el desplazamiento de la rotula, de la geometria femoro-rotuliana, de la alineacion femoro-rotuliana y de la extremidad inferior, asi como de modificaciones o alteraciones de la marcha. Material y metodo Las anomalias anatomicas caracteristicas de la persona con luxacion rotuliana recidivante se identifican mediante un examen fisico meticuloso y el estudio con radiografia, tomografia computarizada (TC) y/o resonancia magnetica (RM). Conclusion Una vez se identifican los defectos anatomicos de cada paciente es posible planificar un abordaje sistematizado para el tratamiento rehabilitador o quirurgico (realineamiento proximal y/o distal) y en el caso de tratamiento quirurgico la seleccion de los diversos componentes del procedimiento.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cmaA2 Gene Encodes a Mycolic Acid trans-Cyclopropane Synthetase

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global health emergency. Although detailed understanding of the molecular events of M. tuberculosis pathogenesis is still limited, recent genetic analyses have implicated specific lipids of the cell envelope as important effectors in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis. We have shown that pcaA, a novel member of a family ofM. tuberculosis S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent methyl transferases, is required for α-mycolic acid cyclopropanation and lethal chronic persistentM. tuberculosis infection. To examine the apparent redundancy between pcaA and cmaA2, another cyclopropane synthetase of M. tuberculosis thought to be involved in α-mycolate synthesis, we have disrupted thecmaA2 gene in virulent M. tuberculosis by specialized transduction. Inactivation of cmaA2 causes accumulation of unsaturated derivatives of both the methoxy- and ketomycolates. Analysis by proton NMR indicates that the mycolic acids of the cmaA2 mutant lacktrans-cyclopropane rings but are otherwise intact with respect to cyclopropane and methyl branch content. Thus,cmaA2 is required for the synthesis of thetrans cyclopropane rings of both the methoxymycolates and ketomycolates. These results define cmaA2 as atrans-cyclopropane synthetase and expand our knowledge of the substrate specificity of a large family of highly homologous mycolic acid methyl transferases recently shown to be critical toM. tuberculosis pathogenesis.
FACT and Asf1 Regulate Nucleosome Dynamics and Coactivator Binding at the HO Promoter

Transcriptional activators and coactivators overcome repression by chromatin, but regulation of chromatin disassembly and coactivator binding to promoters is poorly understood. Activation of the yeast HO gene follows the sequential binding of both sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins and coactivators during the cell cycle. Here, we show that the nucleosome disassembly occurs in waves both along the length of the promoter and during the cell cycle. Different chromatin modifiers are required for chromatin disassembly at different regions of the promoter, with Swi/Snf, the FACT chromatin reorganizer, and the Asf1 histone chaperone each required for nucleosome eviction at distinct promoter regions. FACT and Asf1 both bind to upstream elements of the HO promoter well before the gene is transcribed. The Swi/Snf, SAGA, and Mediator coactivators bind first to the far upstream promoter region and subsequently to a promoter proximal region, and FACT and Asf1 are both required for this coactivator re-recruitment.
Tandem Fan Applications in Advanced STOVL Fighter Configurations

The series/parallel tandem fan engine is evaluated for application in advanced STOVL supersonic fighter aircraft. Options in engine cycle parameters and design of the front fan flow diverter are examined for their effects on engine weight, dimensions, and other factors in integration of the engine with the aircraft. Operation of the engine in high-bypass flow mode during cruise and loiter flight is considered as a means of minimizizng fuel consumption. Engine thrust augmentation by burning in the front fan exhaust is discussed. Achievement of very sort takeoff with vectored thrust in briefly reviewed for tandem fan engine configurations with vectorable front fan nozzles. Examples are given of two aircraft configuration planforms, a delta-canard, and a forward-swept wing, to illustrate the major features. design considerations, and potential performance of the tandem fan installation in each. Full realization of the advantages of tandem fan propulsion are found to depend on careful selection of the aircraft configuration, since integration requirements can strongly influence the engine performance.
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs). 1. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aqueous Solutions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) of 2-monochlorophenol, associated with CuO/silica particles, were detected using the chemical spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Yields of hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (O2•–), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by EPFR–particle systems were reported. Failure to trap superoxide radicals in aqueous solvent, formed from reaction of EPFRs with molecular oxygen, results from fast transformation of the superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. However, formation of superoxide as an intermediate product in hydroxyl radical formation in aprotic solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (AcN) was observed. Experiments with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) confirmed formation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, in the presence of EPFRs. The large number of hydroxyl radicals formed ...
Photographs of the Canyon, Texas Storm on 26 May 1978

Abstract Photographs of several severe storm related phenomena are described. A double wall cloud having a double vortex structure evolved from a single wall cloud, and subsequently turned back into a single wall cloud and produced a tornado. In addition, a double funnel cloud was observed under a curved, high-based cloud extending eastward and southeastward from the wall cloud region.
Anaphylactoid reaction after verteporfin therapy.

Purpose To report a case of anaphylactoid reaction in a woman after initial exposure to verteporfin and to alert physicians of this potentially life-threatening reaction. Design Interventional case report. Methods An 80-year-old woman who was found to have exudative age-related macular degeneration on clinical examination and fluorescein angiography underwent treatment with verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thirty minutes after verteporfin PDT infusion, the patient experienced throat constriction, swelling of her hands, and severe shortness of breath. She received immediate intravenous treatment with methylprednisolone, diphenhydramine, and famotidine and was admitted for observation. Results The patient’s symptoms resolved, and she experienced no long-term side effects related to PDT. Routine noninvasive pulse oximetry, however, did result in finger discoloration and superficial burn. Evaluation revealed that her symptoms were noncardiac in origin. Conclusion Verteporfin can result in an anaphylactoid reaction. Treating physicians should be advised of possible photosensitizing reactions once the patient has received verteporfin PDT.
Moments in a random medium with dispersion

Previously we have given explicit expressions for the moments of a pules propagating in a dispersive medium. Liu and Yeh have given the moments for a pulse in a random medium with no dispersion. In this paper we derive the time moments of a pulse propagating in a random medium with dispersion.
Introducing the Concept of Performance Support Using the Performance Pyramid

Abstract Organizations today face social, competitive, and technological conditions unlike they have seen before. Within this complex environment, managers and team leaders must get the highest levels of performance from a diverse mix of individuals and groups. Achieving this goal requires a range of performance support strategies and resources that can be applied to various situations. This paper outlines a comprehensive model of performance support that integrates a set of factors leading to optimal performance and significant accomplishments. Referred to as the Performance Pyramid, the model has been an effective means of introducing the notion of performance support to individuals unaccustomed to thinking outside of a training paradigm. Using this model, continuing educators can offer a comprehensive program that focuses on enhancing worker performance to address the needs of their business and agency partners.
Identification of Proteassemblin, a Mammalian Homologue of the Yeast Protein, Ump1p, That Is Required for Normal Proteasome Assembly

We have identified a mammalian homologue of yeast Ump1p by searching for similar proteins in human and mouse expressed sequence tag (EST) databases. Ump1p is an accessory protein that is required for normal proteasome assembly in yeast (1). A mammalian homologue, which we refer to as "proteassemblin," is a constituent of proteasome assembly intermediates (preproteasomes), but not fully assembled 20S proteasomes, as is Ump1p in yeast. We also provide evidence that proteassemblin is a constituent of pre-immunoproteasomes that contain the precursor of the interferon-gamma-inducible subunit LMP2. By analogy with Ump1p, we hypothesize that proteassemblin is required for normal mammalian proteasome assembly.
Conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. An analysis of risk factors.

Background: Identifying patients who are at risk for conversion from laparoscopic (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) has proven to be difficult. The purpose of this review was to identify factors that may be predictive of cases which will require conversion to laparotomy for completion of cholecystectomy.
Respecting the Purpose of the Old Pattern and the New Pattern

(1997). Respecting the Purpose of the Old Pattern and the New Pattern. Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 77-80.
A caerulein-sensitive potentiation of the behavioral effects of apomorphine by dibutyryl-cAMP.

Abstract The dopaminergic behavioral effects of apomorphine in rats were evaluated using a rating scale. Caerulein, a decapeptide physiologically similar to cholecystokinin, enhanced at lower doses and inhibited at higher doses the behaviors induced by apomorphine. Dibutyryl-cAMP, but not dibutyryl-cGMP, potentiated apomorphine behaviors. The potentiation was inhibited by a high dose of caerulein. These data provide evidence for an opposing effect of cAMP and caerulein or cholecystokinin in modulating dopaminergic systems.
The Effects of Precise Constant and Cyclic Environments on Shell Quality and Other Lay Performance Factors With Leghorn Pullets

Abstract Two hundred seventy-two White Leghorns were maintained at temperatures of 10, 21, 32, 26–38, 10.0–21.1, 15.6–26.7, 21.1–32.2 and 26.7–37.8° C. for time periods of several weeks to several months. The temperature environments were created in the Biotron Laboratory of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Both gradual and abrupt increases in temperature gave immediate declines in shell rigidity, egg weight and feed consumption, but egg production was not markedly affected over an extended period of time. Both gradual and abrupt decreases in temperature gave the opposite effects which increases had given. In neither case was bone mineralization affected, thus indicating a maintenance of hormonal balance even if at a different level. Bone depletion did not occur under the stress of high temperatures and shell formation even though egg production was maintained. Constant high temperatures (32° C.) resulted in lower shell deformation (0.018 vs. 0.023 mm.) than a cyclic hot temperature (26–38° C), but cyclic temperatures resulted in higher egg production. The time of oviposition was later in the day in those birds subjected to high cyclic, as compared to constant high temperatures. This may account for the increase in shell rigidity after several weeks of exposure to the cyclic hot environment. The proportion of egg component parts at the end of three months of exposure was unchanged for birds exposed to constant temperatures of 10, 21 and 32° C., and to cyclic temperatures from 26–38° C.
Assessment of pollution impact on aquatic microbial communities based on DNA hybridization and protozoan identification: preliminary method development and comparison

Common methods of assessing the biological impact of point source discharge involve a census of organisms above and below the discharge. The identification and enumeration of organisms necessary for this approach can be time consuming and costly. When microbial communities are used, identification and enumeration are often impossible because the majority of species are identifiable only when cultured and most native species cannot be cultured. As such, little is known about the response of nonculturable aquatic microbial communities to anthropogenic changes. We isolated aquatic microbial DNA from colonized artificial substrates in two streams receiving industrial waste. DNA was isolated from the microbial communities upstream and downstream of the discharges and the similarity of these communities were compared by DNA-DNA hybridization. These novel estimates of impact were compared to more conventional estimates based on a component of the microbial communities that could be readily identified, the protozoans. Protozoan species were identified and similarity between upstream and downstream stations was assessed using Jaccard's similarity index.
Histone Arg Modifications and p53 Regulate the Expression of OKL38, a Mediator of Apoptosis

Protein Arg methyltransferases function as coactivators of the tumor suppressor p53 to regulate gene expression. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4/PADI4) counteracts the functions of protein Arg methyltransferases in gene regulation by deimination and demethylimination. Here we show that the expression of a tumor suppressor gene, OKL38, is activated by the inhibition of PAD4 or the activation of p53 following DNA damage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed a dynamic change of p53 and PAD4 occupancy and histone Arg modifications at the OKL38 promoter during DNA damage, suggesting a direct role of PAD4 and p53 in the expression of OKL38. Furthermore, we found that OKL38 induces apoptosis through localization to mitochondria and induction of cytochrome c release. Together, our studies identify OKL38 as a novel p53 target gene that is regulated by PAD4 and plays a role in apoptosis.