cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amino-acid-binding protein released from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock.

The ability of Escherichia coli K-12 to take up leucine, isoleucine, or valine against apparent concentration gradients is considerably reduced when the cells are subjected to osmotic shock in the cold. When the lyophilized supernatant fluid derived from that treatment was dialyzed against labeled amino acids, binding of leucine, isoleucine, or valine was observed. With leucine or isoleucine binding as an assay, a protein was isolated and highly purified. The dissociation constants for the leucine and isoleucine complexes were found to be indistinguishable from their respective Km values for cellular uptake. The results suggest that the isolated protein may well be part of an amino acid transport system of E. coli.
Is Desert in the Details

1 Thanks are due to Adam Arico, Matt Bedke, Mike Bruno, Jerry Gaus, Kate Johnson, Josh Knobe, David Schmidtz, Daniel Silvermint, Jen Zamzow, and an anonymous referee for this journal. 2 Samuel Scheffler says that “none of the most prominent contemporary versions of philosophical liberalism assigns a significant role to desert at the level of fundamental principle.” Samuel Scheffler, “Responsibility, Reactive Attitudes, and Liberalism in Philosophy and Politics.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 21, no. 4 (1992): 299-323, 301. See, for example John Rawls, A Theory of Justice. Revised ed. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1999, 89; “The Basic Structure as Subject.” American Philosophical Quarterly 14, (1977): 159-65, 162; Ronald Dworkin, “Why Bakke Has No Case.” New York Review of Books, November 10, 1977; Thomas Nagel, Mortal Questions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979; Brian Barry, Political Argument. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965; Robert Goodin, “Negating Positive Desert Claims.” Political Theory 13, no. 4 (1985): 575-598. 3 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971, 104. 4 Eric Rakowski, Equal Justice. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991, 112. 5 Serena Olsaretti, Liberty, Desert, and the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 28. 6 Peter Vallentyne, “Brute Luck Equality and Desert.” In Desert and Justice, edited by Serena Olsaretti, 169– 185. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 175.
National Security v. Civil Liberties

How should judges approach deciding cases that involve the constitutionality of measures taken by the executive and legislative branches of government to protect the national security? As a matter of first principle, logic suggests that judges addressing such cases should start with a healthy dose of deference to military and executive officials. This seems sensible for several reasons. First, judges have relatively little experience with national security matters. Such cases arise infrequently, and judges are relative novices when it comes to assessing the possible implications of their decisions on national security. This cuts in favor of deference. Second, the stakes in such cases may be quite high. Unlike most legal disputes, in which erroneous judicial decisions have only modest consequences and are usually correctible, the potential consequences to the nation if a judge is wrong in a case involving the national security may be truly catastrophic. Hence, a certain measure of deference seems wise. Third, for institutional reasons, judges should be reluctant to second-guess the judgments of military and executive officials in such conflicts because if they err they may harm not only the national security but also the long-term credibility of the judiciary itself. Again, logic demands deference. Not surprisingly, in light of these reflections, judges have traditionally followed this "logical" course when addressing conflicts between civil liberties and the national security. They have presumed-seemingly sensibly-that the actions of military and executive officials were constitutional whenever they acted in the name of national security. The three most dramatic twentieth century clashes between civil liberties and the national security illustrate this approach. When the United States entered the First World War in April 1917, there was strong opposition to both the war and the draft. President Woodrow Wilson had little patience for such dissent. Only weeks after the United States entered
Systemic Therapy for Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma

Curative therapy for both osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma requires the combination of effective systemic therapy and local control of all macroscopic tumors. Systemic therapy for osteosarcoma consists of multiagent chemotherapy. The most common regimen uses cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate. Addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to treatment for patients with poor initial response to therapy does not improve outcome. Addition of interferon to treatment for patients with favorable initial response does not improve outcome. Addition of liposomal muramyl tripeptide to chemotherapy may improve overall survival. Systemic therapy for Ewing sarcoma consists of multiagent chemotherapy including doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide and/or ifosfamide. Increased dose intensity of therapy, either by shortening the intervals between cycles of chemotherapy or by increasing doses of chemotherapy, improves outcome. Regimens such as irinotecan/temozolomide or cyclophosphamide/topotecan have shown activity in metastatic recurrent Ewing sarcoma. Trials are ongoing to evaluate the addition of these drugs to existing multiagent regimens in order to test their ability to improve outcome. High-dose systemic therapy with autologous stem cell reconstitution is being tested for patients at high risk for recurrence; definitive results await completion of a prospective randomized trial.
The Urban Growth Question

The optimal size of an urban area is a controversial topic. We take optimal urban size to be that which minimizes net costs of city size, with larger cities first having various economies of scale (e.g. waste pickup) then later diseconomies of scale (e.g. pollution, congestion).
Using a Changing-Criterion Design to Evaluate the Effects of Check-In/Check-Out with Goal Modification.

Check-in/check-out (CICO) is a Tier 2 behavioral intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness for students with challenging behavior in a variety of educational settings. Existing research has focused primarily on testing the intervention’s effectiveness and the role of behavioral function in moderating response to intervention. Only a handful of studies have included examinations of different procedures for fading CICO to promote maintained behavioral change. These have included decreasing the frequency of teacher feedback, using a mystery motivator to thin the schedule of reinforcement, and increasing goal contingencies over time. In this study, two middle school females with conduct problems were identified for participation in CICO with goal modification. During intervention, the first modification entailed setting the CICO card goal for each participant based on averages obtained on the CICO card during baseline rather than the commonly used 80% goal. Then, predetermined decision rules about how ...
Multimodal characterization of population responses evoked by applied electric field in vitro: extracellular potential, magnetic evoked field, transmembrane potential, and current-source density analysis

An external electric field applied parallel to longitudinal axis of neurons selectively depolarizes either end and thereby activates voltage-sensitive conductance changes in a large population of neurons. Here, we characterized such population responses in the in vitro turtle cerebellum. The responses were recorded and analyzed using a multimodal approach: the magnetic evoked field was measured using a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer, and concurrently the electric field potentials were recorded. Laminar profile and current-source density analysis were used to uncover the pattern of activation due to the applied electric field. Intracellular recording provided further information for identifying the elements producing the observed responses. Finally, pharmacological manipulations confirmed the nature of the conductance changes. Our results show that it is possible to activate a defined cell population of the cerebellum by an applied field and obtain a magnetic response of the order of 0.5–2 pT. A field applied from the dorsal to the ventral side of cerebellum produced tetrodotoxin-sensitive population spikes. This component was followed by a kynurenic acid (KYNA)-sensitive postsynaptic response, most likely comprised of Ca(2+)-mediated action potentials occurring at the proximal pole of the Purkinje cell dendrites and evoked by climbing fiber inputs. The applied electric field directed from the ventral to the dorsal side of cerebellum gave rise to a complex of responses that was made up of a KYNA-sensitive component (presumably synaptically activated) and an Mn(2+)-sensitive but KYNA-insensitive component (probably due to a directly activated calcium conductance change). This study provides insights into the effects of electric and magnetic fields applied to the nervous tissue of experimental animal and human studies.
Evaluating the Ability of Tiger Muskellunge to Eradicate Brook Trout in Idaho Alpine Lakes

AbstractIn western North America, nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in alpine lakes threaten the persistence of native trout and often offer limited sport fishing opportunity as they are prone to stunting. Stocking tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius × Muskellunge E. masquinongy), which are reproductively sterile, may be an option to eradicate Brook Trout in some alpine lakes. We used floating gill nets to survey 17 alpine lake Brook Trout populations, then stocked 13 lakes with tiger muskellunge, with four additional lakes serving as controls. Tiger muskellunge were stocked at a mean TL of 317 mm and a density of 40 fish/ha. Brook Trout were resampled for 4 or 5 years after stocking to evaluate changes in Brook Trout TL and CPUE (fish/net-night). Declines in CPUE were substantial for both treatment and control lakes but were significantly greater in treatment lakes. Mean Brook Trout CPUE in treatment lakes declined from 23.1 fish/net-night to 2.3 fish/net-night 5 years after stocking t...
Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal cord stimulation (formally known as dorsal column stimulation) is a minimally invasive technique of applying an electric current in the vicinity of the spinal cord. It is used primarily to treat refractory neuropathic (nerve injury) pain. Patients typically considered for treatment with this modality include those suffering from the failed back surgery syndrome, chronic regional pain syndrome (RSD and causalgia), phantom limb pain, and other neuropathic pain in the lower extremity. Upper extremity neuropathic pain has also been treated successfully with spinal cord stimulation. After an initial successful trial, permanent spinal cord stimulation is accomplished via either a percutaneously inserted polyurethane lead or a surgically inserted “paddle” lead. To power the lead, an implanted pulse generator or radio frequency receiver is inserted in a subcutaneous pocket in the low abdomen or buttock. The patient then controls the stimulator with a hand-held device. Animal and human studies have suggested that spinal cord stimulation has multiple effects on the spinal cord and pain transmission. Outcome studies show that long-term success with this modality is ∼ 50%. In recent years, the potential role of stimulation has expanded to include treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain such as occipital neuralgia, ischemic pain (e.g., angina and lower extremity vascular insufficiency), and stress urinary incontinence. Keywords: spinal cord stimulation; neuropathic pain; electric current; implantable pulse generator; laminectomy
Anaphylactoid reaction to zomepirac

Circulatory collapse and respiratory arrest occurred in a young woman shortly after taking 200 mg of zomepirac for relief of headache. She had no history of drug hypersensitivity and had tolerated zomepirac without adverse effects 18 months prior to this reaction. The patient was successfully treated and suffered no sequelae.
Atomic data for dielectronic satellite lines and dielectronic recombination into Ne5

Abstract Energy levels, radiative transition probabilities, and autoionization rates for B-like neon (Ne5+) including 1s22s2nl, 1s22s2pnl, and 1s22p2nl (n = 2–11 and l = 0–7) states were calculated using a multiconfigurational Hartree–Fock method (Cowan code) and a relativistic many-body perturbation theory method (RMPT) code. Autoionizing levels above three thresholds (1s22s2 1S, 1s22s2p 3P, 1s22s2p 1P) were considered. We find that configuration mixing (2s2nl + 2p2nl) plays an important role for all atomic characteristics. Branching ratios relative to the first threshold and the intensity factor were calculated for satellite lines and dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for the 190 odd-parity and 198 even-parity excited states. The dielectronic recombination rate coefficients including 1s22s2nl, 1s22s2pnl, and 1s22p2nl (n = 2–11 and l = 0–7) states were calculated. The contributions from the excited states higher than n = 11 were estimated by extrapolation of all atomic characteristics to derive the total dielectronic recombination rate coefficient. It is found that the distribution of the rate coefficients as a function of the orbital angular momentum quantum number shows a peak at l = 5. The total dielectronic recombination rate coefficient was derived as a function of electron temperature. The dielectronic satellite lines were also obtained. The state selective dielectronic recombination rate coefficients to excited states of B-like neon were obtained, which are useful for modeling Ne VI spectral lines in a recombining plasma.
One-bit counts between unique and sticky

Stoye's one-bit reference tagging scheme can be extended to local counts of two or more via two strategies. The first, suited to pure register transactions, is a cache of referents to two shared references. The analog of Deutsch's and Bobrow's multiple-reference table, this cache is sufficient to manage small counts across successive assignment statements. Thus, accurate reference counts above one can be tracked for short intervals, like those bridging one function's environment to its successor's.The second, motivated by runtime stacks that duplicate references, avoids counting any references from the stack. It requires a local pointer-inversion protocol in the mutator, but one still local to the referent and the stack frame. Thus, an accurate reference count of one can be maintained regardless of references from the recursion stack.
Analysis of lateral stability of X-29 drop model using system identification methodology

A 22-percent dynamically scaled replica of the X-29 forward-swept-wing aircraft is currently being flown in radio-controlled drop tests at NASA Langley's Plumtree Test Site. Flight data were recorded from early flights in the test program, which consisted mainly of large amplitude maneuvers over wide angle-of-attack ranges with several uncontrolled wing rock episodes. A system identification study of the recorded data was undertaken to examine the stability and control derivatives which influence the lateral behavior of this vehicle with particular emphasis on the wing rock phenomenon. All major lateral stability derivatives and the damping-in-roll derivative were identified for 5-80 deg angle-of-attack by using a data partitioning methodology and a modified stepwise regression algorithm. No control effectiveness derivatives could be identified from the flights conducted so far.
Phonologic Processing in Adults Who Stutter: Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), judgment accuracy, and reaction times (RTs) were obtained for 11 adults who stutter and 11 normally fluent speakers as they performed a rhyme judgment task of...
On stochastic management modeling with dependent variables

Abstract This paper presents an integrated framework for handling dependent random variables in a large class of stochastic management models, a class that includes stochastic break-even analysis and stochastic present-value analysis. We first demonstrate that the common approach of modeling dependent random variables is usually surprisingly inadequate, and a general “functional approach” is presented as a practical modeling alternative. Adopting this modeling approach, we then present a procedure for deriving the stochastic characteristics of the model's objective variable. In the context of stochastic breakeven analysis, this means determining the probabilities of achieving various profit levels and the expected utility of the stochastic profit. The procedure allows the model's random variables to assume diverse distribution and dependency forms, and the simplicity and reliability of the procedure is demonstrated by a numerical example.
M2(hpp)4Cl2 and M2(hpp)4, where M = Mo and W: preparations, structure and bonding, and comparisons with C2, C2H2, and C2Cl2 and the hypothetical molecules M2(hpp)4(H)2.

The reaction between M2Cl2(NMe2)4, where M = Mo or W, and Hhpp (8 equiv) in a solid-state melt reaction at 150 °C yields the compounds M2(hpp)4Cl2 1a (M = Mo) and 1b (M = W), respectively, by the elimination of HNMe2 [hpp is the anion derived from deprotonation of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine, Hhpp]. Purification of 1a and 1b is achieved by sublimation of the excess Hhpp and subsequent recrystallization from either CH2Cl2 or CHCl3 (or CDCl3). By single-crystal X-ray crystallography, the structures of 1a and 1b are shown to contain a central paddlewheel-like M2(hpp)4 core with Mo−Mo = 2.1708(8) A (from CH2Cl2), 2.1574(5) A (from CDCl3), W−W = 2.2328(2) A (from CDCl3), and M−N = 2.09(1) (av) A. The Cl ligands are axially ligated (linear Cl−M−M−Cl) with abnormally long M−Cl bond distances that, in turn, depend on the presence or absence of hydrogen bonding to chloroform. The quadruply bonded compounds M2(hpp)4, 2a (M = Mo), and 2b (M = W), can be prepared from the reactions between 1,2-...
Long- and short-range correlations in the ab-initio no-core shell model

In the framework of the ab-initio no-core shell model (NCSM), we describe the longitudinal-longitudinal distribution function, part of the inclusive (e,e{sup '}) longitudinal response. In the two-body cluster approximation, we compute the effective operators consistent with the unitary transformation used to obtain the effective Hamiltonian. When short-range correlations are probed, the results display independence from the model space size and length scale. Long-range correlations are more difficult to model in the NCSM and they can be des-cribed only by increasing the model space or increasing the cluster size. In order to illustrate the model space independence for short-range observables, we present results for a large set of model spaces for {sup 4}He, and in 0-4({Dirac_h}/2{pi}){omega} model spaces for {sup 12}C.
Is there a therapeutic impact to regional lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma

Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate whether surgical removal of regional lymph nodes influences the overall survival of women with endometrial carcinoma. Study Design All patients with endometrioid-type endometrial cancer treated at our institution between January 1993 and December 2004 were reviewed. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method, a form of recursive partitioning, was used. Results In all, 1035 patients were evaluated. International Federal of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage included the following: stage I, 824; stage II, 65; stage III, 109; and stage IV, 37. Lymph nodes were removed in 524 patients (51%). The median number of nodes removed was 16. Using the CART hierarchically, stage, age, adjuvant therapy, and the removal of 10 lymph nodes or more emerged as predictors of overall survival. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of lymph node dissection in endometrial cancer. Lymph node dissection is essential for accurate surgical staging, which remains the most important prognostic factor. In addition to well-known clinicopathologic risk factors for survival, the removal of 10 or more regional lymph nodes was associated with improved overall survival in lower-stage, older patients who received no adjuvant therapy or brachytherapy only.
TU‐C‐P‐618‐01: Part I: Legislative and Regulatory Status

Clinical Medical Physicists do not currently have provider status and thus do not bill patients or their third party payors directly for patient specific services. If Medical physicists were to participate in the direct billing process in the U.S. Healthcare system, both legislative and regulatory changes would be required. Changes to Federal statures and the Code of Federal Regulations that would be necessary to enable direct billing will be described. In addition, the process for modification of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and their associated valuation levels (maintained by a combination of voluntary professional Societies and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) will be reviewed.
Unused relevant information in research and development

Relevant information known to be available may go unused in research and development because of information overload or because its use is excluded by deliberate policy. Exclusion by policy shows that R&D is not, and does not aim at always being, efficient in the sense of fully reflecting all available relevant information. It may still be efficient relative to chosen strategies of information use and non-use. Overload may be a sign of strategic error, or may be accepted as routine and normal. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What can we learn from high-frequency appliance-level energy metering? Results from a field experiment

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This study uses high-frequency appliance-level electricity consumption data for 124 apartments over 24 months to provide a better understanding of appliance-level electricity consumption behavior. We conduct our analysis in a standardized set of apartments with similar appliances, which allows us to identify behavioral differences in electricity use. The Results show that households' estimations of appliance-level consumption are inaccurate and that they overestimate lighting use by 75% and underestimate plug-load use by 29%. We find that similar households using the same major appliances exhibit substantial variation in appliance-level electricity consumption. For example, households in the 75th percentile of HVAC usage use over four times as much electricity as a user in the 25th percentile. Additionally, we show that behavior accounts for 25-58% of this variation. Lastly, we find that replacing the existing refrigerator with a more energy-efficient model leads to overall energy savings of approximately 11%. This is equivalent to results from behavioral interventions targeting all appliances but might not be as cost effective. Our findings have important implications for behavior-based energy conservation policies.
Commentary on Allan Kellehear's “Near-death experiences and the pursuit of the ideal society”

Allan Kellehear's article raised four questions for me: (1) whether the near-death experience (NDE) presents enough data about the nature of a transcendent society for it to be a useful model for earthly societies; (2) the degree to which transcendent societies have to address the practical considerations of a material society; (3) whether NDEs are projections of experiencers' cultural concepts about the nature of the transcendent realm(s); and (4) the kind of hope offered by the growing awareness of the features of Western NDEs. I address these questions by referring to transcendent realm concepts and NDEs in the anthropological literature, particularly that of the North American Indian Prophet Movement.
Body temperature cues as contextual stimuli: modulation of hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia.

Abstract Three experiments investigated whether the retention of passive avoidance training after the induction of amnesia by hypothermia could be modulated by the presence or absence of cold body temperature cues. In Experiment 1A, the cues for recovery from amnesia produced by a recooling treatment were erased by a 5, 10, or 15 min, but not by a 1 min, immersion in normothermic water. Similarly, Experiment 1B noted the erasure of the recooling reactivation effect by a 10 or 20 min immersion in normothermic water immediately after the recooling episode. In neither of these experiments did the rewarming treatment artifactually increase the activity of control animals. That the presentation of cold body temperature cues after an erasure treatment would again provide access to the target memory was also suggested in Experiment 1B. Experiment 2 confirmed this effect; over multiple test sessions animals displayed recovery from amnesia, erasure of the recovery effect, and recovery from erasure, in accordance with the availability of cold state cues. Multiple test sessions produced no memory recovery in control animals. Reactivation was not based upon stress per se as exposure to temperature extremes in recooling/rewarming failed to alleviate amnesia. In the present paradigm memory retrieval appears importantly linked to temperature-related contextual cues.
Sex Steroid Regulation of Microglial Cell Activation

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs more commonly in females than males. However, the mechanisms resulting in gender differences in MS are unknown. Several studies have suggested that sex steroids influence the development and severity of MS. For example, pregnancy influences MS symptoms, with remission in the third trimester of gestation, followed by exacerbation in the postpartum period. In addition, oral contraceptives containing female sex steroids have been associated with a lower risk of developing MS and decreased disability. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disorder initiated by T cells reactive against central nervous system (CNS) antigens. EAE is characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the CNS, and by remittent paralysis—features consistent with MS. Recent studies have suggested that female sex steroids may modulate EAE, at least in part, through effects on T cells. For example, sex steroids shift T cells toward a Th2 phenotype in vitro, and cytokines produced by Th2 cells generally suppress EAE. Activated microglia also are believed to contribute to MS pathology; perhaps due in part to production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α, molecules which can be toxic to CNS cells, including oligodendrocytes. We are currently investigating the role of sex steroids in modulating microglial cell function in relation to MS. It is hoped that elucidation of the mechanisms by which sex steroids modulate CNS inflammation will lead to future therapies in the treatment of MS.
The intersection of the gradients and concentrations of semi-infinite sorption for different diffusion coefficients

We derive explicitly the parameter dependence of the intersections of the gradients and concentration as a function of distance divided by the square root of time for a stepwise concentration dependent and constant diffusion coefficient. We suggest that such intersections exist for all diffusion coefficients which are monotone functions of the concentration.
Lost in Translation: Using Video Annotation Software to Examine How a Clinical Supervisor Interprets and Applies a State-Mandated Teacher Assessment Instrument

This case study examines the reasoning of a clinical supervisor as she assesses preservice teacher candidates with a state-mandated performance assessment instrument. The supervisor's evaluations were recorded using video annotation software, which allowed her to record her observations in real-time. The study reveals some of the inherent challenges in clinical supervision and the use of a state's mandated performance rubrics to evaluate teacher competencies. Findings indicate that the clinical supervisor found it difficult to interpret rubric criteria, often made tenuous claims about candidates' performance, and tended to require students to design lessons that were artificial demonstrations of mandated competencies. Findings also suggest that the difficulties faced by the clinical supervisor were likely connected to inadequate professional development regarding the use of the state-mandated performance assessment instrument. The article concludes with a discussion of the need for better professional dev...
Phospholipid dependency of purified estrone and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases

Abstract Phospholipid requirements for catalytic activity of apparently homogeneous estrone and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases (GT) purified from rabbit liver microsomes were studied. Phospholipid-free estrone GT was inactive but could be stimulated as much as 300-fold in the presence of added phospholipid. Phospholipid-free p-nitrophenol GT on the other hand, had substantial activity in the absence of added phospholipid but could be stimulated 3 to 4 fold when assayed in the presence of phospholipid. Both enzymes required phospholipids with a polar head group (choline) for maximal activity. Unsaturated lecithins were more efficient (i.e. moles lecithin/mole enzyme to give maximal activity) than the saturated lecithins in restoring estrone GT while the saturated lecithins were more efficient than the unsaturated lecithins in restoring p-nitrophenol GT activity. These results suggest that estrone and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases have different phospholipid requirements for the expression of maximal catalytic activity.
Beam-induced reaction between meta-nitrobenzyl alcohol and dipyridocyanine dyes in liquid-secondary-ion mass spectrometry

Analyses of cationic dipyridocyanine dyes by liquid-secondary-ion mass spectrometry in a liquid matrix of meta-nitrobenzyl alcohol (rnNBA) provide evidence for beam-induced addition reactions between the sample molecule (C) and the mNBA solvent. The ionic products of these addition reactions formally correspond to [C+mNBA-O2](+), Ic+mNBA-O2-H](+), and [C+mNBA-O2-2H](+). Initial loss of H from the adduct ion extends the conjugation of the adduct into the mNBA ring structure, whereas the final loss of hydrogen is thought to be promulgated by the formation of a benzylic radical stabilized through resonance with the π-electron system of the nitrobenzyl alcohol. Alternatively, two hydrogens may be lost from the alcohol functionality to form an aldehyde.
Grünbaum's Freud

Grunbaum characterizes the foundations of psychoanalysis as consisting primarily of two assertions ‐ (1) only psychoanalysis can give correct insight into the unconscious causes of neurosis, and (2) only such correct insight can cure neurosis. Grunbaum infers from these that therapeutic success is the only evidence of the correctness of psychoanalytic theories. It is obvious that the two passages in Freud on which Grunbaum relies do not justify his interpretation. Furthermore, Freud thought of therapeutic success as by no means the only kind of relevant and available evidence for psychoanalytic theory. In a discussion of Grunbaum's critique of Freud's theory concerning the causation of slips of the tongue, it is argued that Grunbaum is committed to mistaken views on the nature of causation in psychology and wholly neglects the important role of analogical thinking not only in psychology but in science generally.
Consumer search with asymmetric price sampling

We explore asymmetries in the way consumers sample prices in a simple sequential search framework. In equilibrium, the price distribution of a firm catering to more local consumers first-order stochastically dominates that of its rival. Prices rise in the degree of asymmetry.
Effectiveness of automated perimetry in following glaucomatous visual field progression.

The Fieldmaster automated perimeter's effectiveness in determining glaucomatous visual field progression was evaluated. One hundred fifty-four eyes with glaucoma (41) and ocular hypertension (113) were followed for two to four years with manual static and kinetic perimetry (Tubingen) and automated suprathreshold static perimetry (Fieldmaster). With Tubingen static testing, 11 eyes with established glaucomatous visual field loss demonstrated progressive field loss and one eye showed improvement. Ten of these 12 eyes showed progression on the Fieldmaster. Two ocular hypertensive eyes demonstrated consistent defects on the Fieldmaster over several years, but were not detected on Tubingen static perimetry. Comparison between Tubingen static testing and Fieldmaster perimetry was good except for four Fieldmaster false alarms.
Multichannel Raman spectroscopy of molecules on evaporated metal films

Abstract The ability of a multichannel optical detector to observe Raman scattering from molecular monolayers in air and at solid—solid interfaces in the absence of the conditions required for surface-enhanced Raman scattering is demonstrated. New results on field enhancements on non-noble-metal substrates and overlayers are presented.
Adolescent medicine faculty development needs

Overview: Adolescent medicine faculty physicians were surveyed regarding training, career, and perceived needs. Most stated that training in teaching, research, and administration would be useful. Time spent in adolescent medicine activities was not associated with satisfaction, whereas having a mentor was. These issues should be considered when addressing faculty development needs.
Characteristics of Copper Particles Supported on Various Types of Graphite Nanofibers

We have used a variety of experimental techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and adsorptive decomposition of N2O to examine the characteristics of copper particles dispersed on different types of graphite nanofiber supports. When copper was dispersed on the edge sites of graphite nanofibers the particles adopted a relatively thin faceted morphology; characteristics that are associated with the establishment of a strong metal−support interaction. This behavior is to be contrasted with that observed when the metal was supported on active carbon or the basal planes of graphite. In these cases, the particles tended to acquire a globular geometry typically encountered in systems were there are relatively weak interfacial forces between the metal and the support. Structural modeling of the arrangement of copper atoms on the prismatic and basal plane surfaces of graphite indicated that formation of preferred crystallite orientations occurred at certain support...
An integrative pathway-based clinical–genomic model for cancer survival prediction

Prediction models that use gene expression levels are now being proposed for personalized treatment of cancer, but building accurate models that are easy to interpret remains a challenge. In this paper, we describe an integrative clinical-genomic approach that combines both genomic pathway and clinical information. First, we summarize information from genes in each pathway using Supervised Principal Components (SPCA) to obtain pathway-based genomic predictors. Next, we build a prediction model based on clinical variables and pathway-based genomic predictors using Random Survival Forests (RSF). Our rationale for this two-stage procedure is that the underlying disease process may be influenced by environmental exposure (measured by clinical variables) and perturbations in different pathways (measured by pathway-based genomic variables), as well as their interactions. Using two cancer microarray datasets, we show that the pathway-based clinical-genomic model outperforms gene-based clinical-genomic models, with improved prediction accuracy and interpretability.
Observations & Opinions The Practicality Gap

The topic, “The Interface Between Management Science and Managers,” sounds as if it should make a certain amount of sense, and yet sometimes I worry. If I referred to “The Interface Between Physics and the Motorist,” “The Interface Between Aeronautical Science and the Airline Pilot,” or “The Interface Between Nuclear Science and the Reactor Owner,” you would say, “ Well, it seems to me that there is such a gap in these cases, that we almost need a whole new profession to fill it.” Well, that's the point of my letter.
The relationship between blood PH, ammonia excretion and adaptation to low salinity in the blue crab callinectes sapidus

The output of ammonia increases in dilute waters in which blue crabs absorb Na+ against a gradient, but not those in which crabs remain in salt balance with the medium. Net acid output does not clearly vary with salinity. The balance between ammonia and urea output shifts towards ammonotelism at low salinity. These results, and the temporal responses of blood NH4+, Na+ and Cl-after a salinity change, support the hypothesis that excess ammonia in blood plays an important role in osmoregulation as well as opposing the effect of salt reduction on the oxygen transport system.
On unordered phases of certain models on a Cayley tree

We consider the Ising model with several spin values, the Potts model, and the inhomogeneous Ising model. For each model we prove sufficiency conditions for extremality of the unordered phase.
Robotics audition using Kinect

Robot audition systems are expected to support a variety of civilian and rescue applications in hazardous situations. Sensed data can only be interpreted meaningfully when referenced to the location of the sensor, making localization an important area of research. In this paper, we have developed sound source localization system for our Fire Bird VI robot. Localization algorithms like cross correlation (CC), phase transform (PHAT) and maximum-likelihood (ML) are explored to find the direction of arrival (DOA) by estimating the time delay of arrival (TDOA) from the received signals of linear array microphones of Kinect sensor. The sound signals comprising of different sample pings and pause durations ranging from 3 ms to 3 s durations, frequencies varying from 100 Hz to 5 kHz are tested using different microphone pairs of Kinect in different azimuths (DOA) ranging from 0° to 180° across different distances like 1 m, 1.5 m and 2 m. The performance of localization algorithms is evaluated by computing the error between estimated DOA and actual DOA. It is found that PHAT algorithm outperformed others, however some errors are obtained due to inherent reverberation affects may have caused by room. The authors also present practical limitations which result in errors for different azimuths based on distance between microphone pairs and sampling frequency of signals.
Families With Young Children: A Review of Research in the 1990s

Research conducted in the past decade on families with young chidren concentrated on 5 broad topics: (a) the transition to parenthood,' (b) the importance of maternal sensitivity for children's attachment security and subsequent adjustment and social competence; (c) the effectiveness of particular parenting styles and practices; (d) interparental, familial, and broader societal factors influencing parenting behaviors and child adjustment; and (e) the impact of family structure and household composition on children's well-being. Our review documents substantial diversity in family structures, parenting arrangements, and childrearing values and practices both within and across ethnic and racial groups. Collectively, the evidence suggests that in most families with young children, parents and children seem to be doing well. We conclude that substantial work is required to expand the study of families with young children beyond mother-child dyads in White, middle-class, two-parent, first-marriage families.
A PLA1-2 punch regulates the Golgi complex

The mammalian Golgi complex, trans Golgi network (TGN) and ER–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) are comprised of membrane cisternae, coated vesicles and membrane tubules, all of which contribute to membrane trafficking and maintenance of their unique architectures. Recently, a new cast of players was discovered to regulate the Golgi and ERGIC: four unrelated cytoplasmic phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes, cPLA 2 α (GIVA cPLA 2 ), PAFAH Ib (GVIII PLA 2 ), iPLA 2 -β (GVIA-2 iPLA 2 ) and iPLA 1 γ. These ubiquitously expressed enzymes regulate membrane trafficking from specific Golgi subcompartments, although there is evidence for some functional redundancy between PAFAH Ib and cPLA 2 α. Three of these enzymes, PAFAH Ib, cPLA 2 α and iPLA 2 -β, exert effects on Golgi structure and function by inducing the formation of membrane tubules. We review our current understanding of how PLA enzymes regulate Golgi and ERGIC morphology and function.
Single-stranded RNA molecular weight and shape determination by differential pressure capillary viscometry, sedimentation velocity, and gel electrophoresis

Determination of the size of a population of nucleic acids can be achieved by several distinct methods. Most of these methods are cumbersome and require complicated equipment or techniques. We demonstrate here the use of a differential pressure capillary viscometer for the rapid and simple determination of RNA molecular weight. This highly sensitive viscometer allowed single viscosity determinations on dilute solutions of RNA, providing a direct measure of the intrinsic viscosity without the need to extrapolate from several concentrations. The molecular weights and conformations of the linear single-stranded RNA homopolymer poly(inosinic acid) (poly(I] and the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) copolymer poly(cytidylic acid:uridylic acid, 12:1) (poly(C12,U], were determined. The ssRNAs were synthesized in a range of sizes (100 to 100,000 bases). They were widely polydisperse. The Mandelkern-Flory equation (1952, J. Chem. Phys. 20, 212-214), which requires both the intrinsic viscosity and sedimentation coefficient of a macromolecule, was used to calculate the molecular weights. The molecular weights determined by agarose gel electrophoresis were compared to those determined by intrinsic viscosity plus sedimentation coefficient. The correlation between the molecular weights determined by these two methods was good, at R2 greater than or equal to 0.92. The conformations of the RNAs were determined by application of the Mark-Houwink equation. The Mark-Houwink exponents for poly(I) and poly(C12,U) intrinsic viscosities were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. When compared to other nucleic acid polymers, for which the conformations have been established by several methods, poly(I) and poly(C12,U) are rigid, extended random coils, in a low-salt buffer (15 mM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
N[bond]C(alpha) bond dissociation energies and kinetics in amide and peptide radicals. Is the dissociation a non-ergodic process?

Dissociations of aminoketyl radicals and cation radicals derived from β-alanine N-methylamide, N-acetyl-1,2-diaminoethane, Nα-acetyl lysine amide, and Nα-glycyl glycine amide are investigated by co...
Prevalence of and risk factors for prostatitis in African American men: the Flint Men's Health Study.

INTRODUCTION. Prostatitis is a common, yet ill-defined condition without clear diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies. Previous studies examining the prevalence and correlates of prostatitis are limited in their inclusion of primarily white populations. The objective of the currentstudywastoidentifyprevalenceofandriskfactorsforprostatitisinapopulation-based sample of African-American men. METHODS. In 1996, a probability sample of 703 African-American men, aged 40--79, residing in Genesee County, Michigan without a prior history of prostate cancer/surgery provided responses to a structured interview-administered questionnaire which elicited information regarding sociodemographics, current stress and health ratings, and past medical history, including history of physician diagnosed prostatitis, BPH and sexually transmitted diseases. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of prostatitis after adjustment for age. RESULTS. Forty-seven (6.7%) of the 703 men reported a history of prostatitis. Increased frequency of sexual activity and physical activity were significantly associated with decreased odds of disease. Moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and a history of BPH were significantly associated with prostatitis after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION. After adjustment for age, LUTS severity and history of BPH were associated with increased odds of prostatitis. BMI, physical activity and sexual frequency were associated with decreased odds of prostatitis. Finally, poor emotional and physical health, high perceived stress and low social support were associated with an increased risk of prostatitis history. Importantly, these findings suggest that the primary risk factors for this condition are largely modifiable and highlight potential targets for future prevention. Prostate 69: 24--32, 2009. # 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Complete Repair of Pulmonary Atresia with Nonconfluent Pulmonary Arteries

Abstract From 1973 through 1979, 16 patients with pulmonary atresia, two normal-sized ventricles, and bilateral but nonconfluent pulmonary arteries underwent complete repair at the Mayo Clinic. Mean age at operation was 9.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.2 years). Sources of pulmonary flow were previous surgical shunts, patent ductus arteriosus, and discrete systemic-pulmonary arterial collaterals. The complete surgical repair included interruption of extracardiac shunts, closure of ventricular septal defect (15 patients), closure of atrial septal defect (3 patients), and establishment of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial continuity with a porcine-valved extracardiac conduit anastomosed to a transverse limb (T graft in 12 patients) or to a side-limb (Y graft in 4 patients). There were no operative deaths. Morbidity included reoperation for bleeding in 3 patients and compression of the prosthetic graft by the sternal closure in 1. The mean postrepair ratio of right ventricular peak systolic pressure to left ventricular peak systolic pressure (pRV/pLV) was 0.64 (SD, 0.23). Follow-up ranged from 12 to 72 months (mean, 34.6 months; SD, 20.7 months). One patient died 12 months after operation (postrepair pRV/pLV, 1.3). Conduit obstruction has been proved in 4 patients, of whom 3 underwent reoperation for extracardiac conduit obstruction at 46, 47, and 48 months. The remaining 11 patients are alive and free of major symptoms.
Rapid Low Cost Electro-Optic Prototyping for Space Through Use of Cubesats

High function EO space missions are being demonstrated on a rapid schedule from concept to implementation using cubsat hosts. The low total satellite mission cost enables use of cutting edge COTS components and multiple missions to achieve mission assurance. Examples will be presented.
Determinants of cognitive abilities in the elderly.

One hundred and fifteen men between the ages of fifty and ninety-three were administered six cognitive tasks: a verbal intelligence subtest, a nonverbal intelligence subtest, two tests of concrete operations, one test of formal operations, and a problem-solving task. The obtained scores were factor analyzed. Two factors were obtained, a nonverbal, performance factor and a verbal-reasoning factor. Regression analyses in which age, education, occupation, years since retirement, health status, activity level, and marital status were predictor variables performed on the factor scores obtained for each of the factors. The nonverbal performance factor was significantly predicted by age while the verbal factor was significantly predicted by education. None of the other predictors were significant. The results suggest that verbal and nonverbal abilities may be determined by different antecedents. Since different cognitive abilities may have different antecedents and since these antecedents may have different rela...
Shortest paths in simply connected regions in R2

Abstract Natural questions are settled concerning shortest paths between given points of a Jordan region.