cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient Fault Resilient QR Factorization on GPUs

With their inherent capability to exploit parallelism, GPUs have become a popular platform for data-intensive scientific computing applications. This trend is expected to continue as the number of computations required by scientific applications reach the petascale and even exascale range. As the minimum feature size of transistors decreases due to improving process technology, GPUs are becoming more vulnerable to transient faults caused by events such as power fluctuations and alpha particle strikes, therefore we need methods that guarantee correct computation even in the presence of such faults. In this paper, we develop and analyze three fault tolerant schemes, FC-O, PC-C and PC-CS, for the block Householder QR algorithm that can deal with faults in the streaming processor (SP) core of a GPU. We also present a transient fault injection mechanism for NVIDIA GPUs, which has the capability of injecting faults of varying durations. We show that two of our schemes, PC-C and PC-CS, have good error coverage and relatively low overhead, and can scale reasonably well at the petascale and exascale range.
Rembrandt as Meditational Printmaker

The essay examines parallels between state changes in two prints by Rembrandt and meditational sequences in contemporary devotional poetry, exemplified by a sonnet by Rembrandt's patron, Constantine Huygens. As in a meditational poem, Rembrandt's prints proceed from descriptive exposition of the narrative, to a revision prompting deliberation over its meaning, to a final stage of more intense and intimate confrontation with Christ. Traces of correction and revision in these prints are compared to confessional themes in devotional poetry, indicating that both prints and poems serve additionally as records of the artist's spiritual and creative travail.
A fast, iterative, implicit, and single-boundary time-domain finite element-boundary integral solver

An efficient, accurate, and stable time-domain finite element-boundary integral (TD-FE- BI) solver for analyzing scattering and radiation from electrically large platforms supporting geometrically intricate antenna structures is presented. The proposed scheme separates the antenna and the platform by introducing a single boundary/interface surface. It then formulates vector-wave FE and combined field BI equations governing the behavior of the electromagnetic fields throughout the (non- overlapping) FE and BI domains, respectively. These equations are coupled by enforcing tangential field continuity across the boundary surface; the coupled system of equations is discretized using a single time-step size.
Client-Oriented Evaluation of Public Agency Effectiveness:

A methodology is presented for measuring public agency effectiveness from the client's perspective. An assessment of the administrative process for implementing public policy in addition to service outcomes was obtained through a low-cost procedure. Comparative effectiveness perceptions of two types of Employment Service clients are reported. These data indicate a perceived differential impact of the agency on the client groups. Implications of this study for future effectiveness evaluations are noted.
Continuous family of finite-dimensional representations of a solvable Lie algebra arising from singularities

A natural mapping from the set of complex analytic isolated hypersurface singularities to the set of finite dimensional Lie algebras is first defined. It is proven that the image under this natural mapping is contained in the set of solvable Lie algebras. This approach gives rise to a continuous inequivalent family of finite dimensional representations of a solvable Lie algebra.
Sensori‐motor experience leads to changes in visual processing in the developing brain

Since Broca’s studies on language processing, cortical functional specialization has been considered to be integral to efficient neural processing. A fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience concerns the type of learning that is required for functional specialization to develop. To address this issue with respect to the development of neural specialization for letters, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain activation patterns in pre-school children before and after different letter-learning conditions: a sensori-motor group practised printing letters during the learning phase, while the control group practised visual recognition. Results demonstrated an overall left-hemisphere bias for processing letters in these pre-literate participants, but, more interestingly, showed enhanced blood oxygen-level-dependent activation in the visual association cortex during letter perception only after sensori-motor (printing) learning. It is concluded that sensori-motor experience augments processing in the visual system of pre-school children. The change of activation in these neural circuits provides important evidence that ‘learning-by-doing’ can lay the foundation for, and potentially strengthen, the neural systems used for visual letter recognition.
Lensless Fourier Transform Holography as Applied to Imaging of Reflection Seismic Data

Application of lensless Fourier transform holography (LFTH) to the reconstruction of seismic data has led to a better understanding of the processes involved, and to the solution of a number of problems related to the reconstruction of multifrequency images.
Human Resource Management in the Japanese Financial Institution Abroad: The Case of the London Office

The evidence on human resource management in overseas offices of Japanese multinational service-sector firms is far less abundant than that for manufacturing firms. Existing studies describe employment practices that vary, both between firms and over time. To supplement the existing body of evidence, the present study investigates employment practices at two Japanese financial services firms in the City of London through the use of interviews and questionnaire surveys. It focuses on those facets of the ‘Japanese’ management system that may be considered fundamental characteristics: recruitment and selection procedures, training methods, pay and promotion policies, employment security, company culture, and the position of workers within the overall organization. The study considers the implications of changes over time within the two firms when viewed in the context of the existing evidence; such comparison suggests that both corporate strategy and human resource management policy in Japanese financial organizations may have changed during the 1980s.
Differences in clinical findings between Caucasians and African Americans with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis.

Objective To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in African American and Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis at the initial ophthalmic examination and to determine the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels, chest x-ray findings, and ocular signs of sarcoidosis. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Participants Eighty-one consecutive patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis seen at the Doheny Eye Institute from January 1989 through April 2005. Methods Medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic data, biopsy site, initial ocular findings, pulmonary symptoms, and results of serum ACE levels and chest x-rays. Associations between ACE level/chest x-ray stages and ocular manifestations related to sarcoidosis were obtained from these data. Main Outcome Measures Ocular manifestations related to sarcoidosis. Results Of the 81 patients, 35 were Caucasian; 29 were African American; and the remaining 17 were Hispanic, Asian Indian, and other races. Female patients were older than males ( P = 0.05). Sixty-five (80%) of the 81 patients had ocular manifestations related to sarcoidosis. Thirty-three patients (40.7%) had uveitis, 12 (14.8%) had adnexal granulomas, and 25 (30.8%) had keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Of the 33 patients with uveitis, 22 presented with nongranulomatous inflammation. There was no significant association between ocular manifestations related to sarcoidosis and serum ACE levels ( P = 0.43) or chest x-ray stage ( P >0.99). Of the 29 African American patients, 26 (89.7%) had ocular manifestations related to sarcoidosis, compared with 24 (68.6%) of the 35 Caucasians ( P = 0.12). The African American patients were younger (mean age, 44.4 years) than the Caucasian patients (mean age, 52.0) ( P = 0.003) and had higher mean ACE levels ( P = 0.003). A significantly high proportion of African American males presented with uveitis ( P = 0.005), and a significantly high proportion of African American females presented with adnexal granulomas ( P = 0.05). Conclusions The present study reveals that patients with sarcoidosis can present initially with clinical features of nongranulomatous uveitis. Relative to Caucasians, African American patients with sarcoidosis tend to be younger when they first present to the ophthalmologist and to present with uveitis and/or adnexal granuloma. Serum ACE levels and chest x-ray stages may not help predict the occurrence of ocular changes in sarcoidosis.
Microstructural evolution of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films prepared by hybrid metallo-organic decomposition

We report on the microstructural analyses of chemically prepared Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT 53/47) films. Although several techniques were used to analyze films, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was emphasized. Phase evolution of these films, fabricated using hybrid metallo-organic decomposition (HMD), was determined by processing films at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 650 °C. Our films, when observed with an optical microscope, appeared to consist of two distinct phases: (1) a featureless matrix and (2) 1–2 μm diameter “rosettes”. PZT films fired at 500 °C consisted of a pyrochlore containing phase (featureless matrix) and contained no perovskite, whereas films fired at 600 °C were ferroelectric and were approximately 90% perovskite (rosettes) by volume. Our TEM analysis showed that the pyrochlore-containing phase consisted of interpenetrating nanocrystalline pyrochlore and amorphous phases, both with dimensions on the order of 5 nm. For PZT films processed at 650 °C, the perovskite phase was observed in two forms: (1) large (≍2 μm) rosette structures containing 30 nm pores and (2) dense equiaxed particles on the order of 100 nm. We propose that phase evolution—with increasing temperature of HMD PZT 53/47 films—consists of the following steps: (1) phase separation, probably occurring in solution, (2) pyrochlore crystallization, (3) heterogeneous nucleation of perovskite PZT, and (4) homogeneous nucleation of perovskite PZT.
The Emerging Area Of Emergency Management And Engineering

Successful emergency management requires a better understanding of events with potentially disastrous consequences, a comprehensive, holistic view of managing such events, and the effective use of technology. This guest editorial for this special issue of this TRANSACTIONS provides the raison d'ˆ etre for a new field of emergency management and engineering. It provides a systems view of emergency management, emphasizing the need for both pre- and postevent strategies and policies. The role of advanced communications and computing technologies, coupled with analytic procedures and models, is discussed. This paper concludes with the recognition of the need for emergency managers to be able to utilize these technologies.
Hardware implementation of an artificial neural network using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA's)

In this paper, the authors present a hardware implementation of a fully digital multilayer perceptron artificial neural network using Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Each node is implemented with two XC3042 FPGAs and a 1 K/spl times/8 EPROM. Training is done offline on a PC. The authors have tested successfully the performance of the network. >
Subcell models with application to split-ring resonators in the infrared

Simplified wire-type models for split-ring resonators (SRRs), both in free-space and above a dielectric half-space, are developed. The gap of the SRR in the wire model is accurately represented by including a lumped load which is the difference between the actual gap fringe capacitance and the capacitance inherent in the code wire kernel for a delta gap voltage source. The SRR arms are represented by generalized thin wires that have both an electric equivalent radius (for the rectangular conductor resting on a dielectric substrate) and a magnetic equivalent radius (for a rectangular conductor in free space, since the substrate is assumed to be nonmagnetic). In addition, an impedance per unit length (due to finite penetration of the fields into the metal) enters a local transmission line part of the generalized thin-wire algorithm. The results from the thin-wire subcell model are compared to full wave simulations of the arrays of SRR's. The full wave simulations require tens of thousands of unknowns to resolve the field penetration into the finite conductors for a single SRR, whereas the thin-wire model has good accuracy with only tens of unknowns.
Reduction of Contrast in ADF-STEM Images Due To Amorphous Layer

A study of high-resolution ADF imaging in aberration-corrected STEMs was carried out by multislice simulation. The presence of amorphous layers at the surface of a crystalline specimen is shown to significantly alter the visibility of the atomic columns in ADF images. After propagating through an amorphous layer a portion of the beam passes without any alteration while scattered electrons introduce a Gaussian background. An amorphous layer at the beam entry surface appears to have slightly more of an effect on the ADF image contrast than that of an amorphous layer at the exit surface, and this difference increases with increasing atomic number. With a constant crystal layer thickness, the reduction of contrast as a function of increasing amorphous layer is found to have the same behavior and trend, regardless of the initial crystal layer thickness.
Hippocampal zinc infusion delays the development of afterdischarges and seizures in a kindling model of epilepsy.

Summary Purpose: Zinc occurs in high concentration in synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic terminals including hippocampal mossy fibers. This vesicular zinc can be synaptically released during neuronal activity, including seizures. Zinc inhibits certain subtypes of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. By blocking NMDA excitation or GABA inhibition, an excess of zinc may alter the excitability of hippocampal circuits, which contribute to the development of seizures. Methods: Twenty-one adult Wistar rats were implanted under anesthesia with Alzet pumps releasing vehicle, 10 μm ZnCl2 or 1,000 μm ZnCl2, at a rate of 0.25 μl/h continuously into the hippocampal hilus for 4 weeks. Kindling was performed by daily awake commissural stimulation at 60 Hz and afterdischarges were recorded from a dentate gyrus electrode. Development of behavioral Racine seizure stages was recorded by a blinded investigator. Results: The development of behavioral Racine seizure stages was delayed only in rats infused with 1,000 μm ZnCl2 (p < 0.02). With completion of kindling at stimulation number 20, all groups had reached the same maximum level of behavioral seizures. The expected increased progression of afterdischarge duration was inhibited by both 10 μm ZnCl2 and 1,000 μm ZnCl2 infusion compared to control animals (p < 0.01). At stimulation number 18, all groups had reached the same maximum duration of afterdischarges. Discussion: We conclude that excess infused zinc delayed the development of behavioral seizures in a kindling model of epilepsy. These data support the hypothesis that zinc synaptically released during seizures may alter hippocampal excitability similar to zinc infused in our experiment.
Accelerated reverse emitter-base bias stress methodologies and time-to-failure application

A second current-acceleration method for measuring the reliability of silicon bipolar transistors under reverse emitter-base bias stress is demonstrated in this paper. The low-voltage operation condition in submicron transistors may be attained during the stress experiments, providing an accurate determination of the transistor's operation time-to-failure (TTF) without extrapolating from higher voltage stress data. Two different current-acceleration stress methods are demonstrated in one transistor design and compared with the traditional voltage-acceleration method using the carrier kinetic energy as the independent variable. It is shown that the traditional voltage-acceleration method can give an erroneous and larger extrapolated time-to-failure by several orders of magnitude in some devices.
The role of game theory in human computation systems

The paradigm of "human computation" seeks to harness human abilities to solve computational problems or otherwise perform distributed work that is beyond the scope of current AI technologies. One aspect of human computation has become known as "games with a purpose" and seeks to elicit useful computational work in fun (typically) multi-player games. Human computation also encompasses distributed work (or "peer production") systems such as Wikipedia and Question and Answer forums. In this short paper, we survey existing game-theoretic models for various human computation designs, and outline research challenges in advancing a theory that can enable better design.
“In a Country as Affluent as America, People Should be Eating”: Experiences With and Perceptions of Food Insecurity Among Rural and Urban Oregonians

Many factors are associated with food insecurity in the United States. We conducted interviews with 25 low-income and/or food-insecure Oregonians to explore their experiences with food insecurity, the role of social support, and whether these experiences differed based on rural/urban residence. Ill health and unemployment emerged as food-insecurity contributors. Coping strategies cited included use of nutrition assistance programs, alternate food sources, and drawing on social support. The findings suggest that policy and practice efforts should be directed at increasing the human capital of low-income Oregonians and the benefit levels of essential nutrition assistance programs.
A Xyloglucan Backbone 6-O-Acetyltransferase from Brachypodium distachyon Modulates Xyloglucan Xylosylation

Plant cells are surrounded and protected by cell walls, which consist primarily of polymers such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic polysaccharides, and the polyphenol lignin. One of the major hemicelluloses in the primary cell wall is xyloglucan (XyG), which consists of a β-1,4-glucan backbone containing xylosyl substituents. XyG attaches and partially covers the surface of cellulose microfibrils and is therefore thought to act as a spacer between microfibrils, reducing cellulose aggregation (Pauly et al., 2013).
The relative effectiveness of sanctions applied to first-time drunken driving offenders

We selected for study drivers who were sentenced either to jail or a certified driver intervention program (DIP) in Franklin County, Ohio, in 1987 after their first drunken driving (DUI) conviction. Because each drunken driving charge was assigned to one of a pool of 15 judges with widely varying sentencing patterns, there was no apparent bias in subject allocation to the two treatments. For the jailed (n = 124) and DIP (n = 218) cohorts, we compared the likelihood of subsequent impaired driving, as evidenced by rearrest for a new alcohol-related driving offense or involvement in a car crash after drinking in the 4 years following the study-selected event. After controlling for potentially important covariates, such as gender, age, race, blood alcohol concentration, additional charges filed at the time of arrest, and driving history, we derived logistic regression results indicating that DIP attendees had significantly lower rates of subsequent impaired driving. Drivers who had no prior history of at least one non-DUI alcohol-related offense were significantly more likely to display additional impaired driving when jailed as opposed to those enrolled in a DIP (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53, confidence interval [CI] = 1.44, 4.45), while those with previous alcohol-related offenses may have fared better in jail (OR = .56, CI = .11, 2.76). Drivers younger than 21 years of age were also at elevated risk for repeat offenses (OR = 2.46, CI = 1.13, 5.35). DIPs appear most effective when used for persons who have not had previous alcohol-related crashes or driving offenses.
Introduction to the development and validation of predictive biomarker models from high-throughput data sets.

Abstract High-throughput technologies can routinely assay biological or clinical samples and produce wide data sets where each sample is associated with tens of thousands of measurements. Such data sets can be mined to discover biomarkers and develop statistical models capable of predicting an endpoint of interest from data measured in the samples. The field of biomarker model development combines methods from statistics and machine learning to develop and evaluate predictive biomarker models. In this chapter, we discuss the computational steps involved in the development of biomarker models designed to predict information about individual samples and review approaches often used to implement each step. A practical example of biomarker model development in a large gene expression data set is presented. This example leverages BDVal, a suite of biomarker model development programs developed as an open-source project (see http://bdval.org /).
Interest Arbitration A Case Study Lancaster Police Benevolent Association And The Town of Lancaster

Arbitration is a process wherein a dispute is submitted to an impartial third party for a binding decision. Interest Arbitration involves a dispute over the terms of a proposed collective bargaining agreement. In an Interest Arbitration an impartial third party renders a binding decision on the terms of the collection bargaining agreement. The case study describes a situation where the Lancaster Police Benevolent Association (Union) is negotiating a collective bargaining agreement with the Town of Lancaster. As the parties were unable to resolve the contract through negotiations, an impasse was declared. A demand for arbitration was made by the Union, and the matter was ultimately resolved through the Interest Arbitration process in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Arbitration Procedure contained in the collective bargaining agreement. The case presents the positions of the Lancaster Police Benevolent Association (Union) and the Town of Lancaster on the open issues in the impasse. The case requires students to review the information in the case and develop an appropriate Award (Arbitration decision for the case) for each of the issues. The case represents an actual impasse that went to a formal Interest Arbitration hearing. The Interest Arbitration case is designed for use in a class in Labor Relations/Collective Bargaining or in a Human Relations class. The arbitration process is stressed as well as the difference between Rights Arbitration and Interest Arbitration.
Suitability of sunflower-hulls-based turkey litter for on-farm turkey carcass composting.

Environmentally safe disposal of turkey carcasses is vital to a farm’s bio security and prevention of disease outbreak. Carcass disposal by on-farm composting is considered a viable mortality management option. In this study, sunflower-hulls-based (SHB) turkey litter was used to examine the suitability of on-farm carcass composting under North Dakota climatic conditions. This study was conducted at a turkey farm in North Dakota, USA. The farm raised four flocks of 35,000 to 40,000 turkeys per flock per year and each flock was approximately six to seven weeks apart in age. The mortality rate for this farm was very low i.e.,
Oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and orotic aciduria in mice

SummaryThe effects of dietary supplementation of various concentrations of KOx with or without uric acid were examined in the growing mouse. Many of the effects of KOx were accentuated at lower concentrations when uric acid was also supplemented to the diet. Hyperuricemia was caused by oxonate alone as well as by 1% KOx plus 1% uric acid. Oxonate plus uric acid induced an uricosuria. Kidney uric acid content and uricase activity were significantly altered by oxonate with or without urate supplementation. Oxonate in some ways alters pyrimidine metabolism and leads to an orotic aciduria in the mouse. Oxonate may prove to be a valuable tool in the study of the metabolism of purines and pyrimidines as well as their interrelationship.
The Effect of Backpack Load Walking on Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate

The effect of backpack load walking on oxygen uptake and heart rate was studied on eight students using treadmill walking test. The backpack load corresponded to 10 % of each body weight, and the walking speed was set at from 3 to 8 kilometers an hour. The results obtained were inspected by the analysis of variance. 1) With respect to oxygen uptake, no significant difference was observed between the backpack load walking and the normal walking. 2) Concerning the heart rate, there appeared a significant difference (p<0.01) between the backpack load walking and normal walking at 5 kilometers an hour. The average rate of heart rate while walking with load showed 7.1 % higher than that while walking normally. With above results, it was concluded that the load carriage weighing 10 % of body weight was unsuitable for the therapeutic exercise, having only a slight effect on oxygen uptake and heart rate. On the other hand, this method is supposed to be used as the recreational activity for the aged or patients.
Abnormal Myelocytic Cell Development in Interleukin-2 (IL-2)–Deficient Mice: Evidence for the Involvement of IL-2 in Myelopoiesis

Mice lacking interleukin-2 (IL-2) developed a severe hematopoietic disorder characterized by the abnormal development of myeloid cells and neutropenia. Analysis of the bone marrow of IL-2–deficient (IL-2−/−) mice showed that the number of mature polymorphonuclear cells was decreased by 65% to 75%, and granulocyte/macrophage precursor cells were reduced by 50%. Bone marrow cells from IL-2−/− mice were unable to sustain myelopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice and in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC). The addition of exogenous IL-2 to LTBMC of IL-2−/− cells partially restored hematopoietic progenitor activity. In the bone marrow of wild-type mice, immature (Mac-1lo) myeloid cells, including myeloblasts and promyelocytes, constitutively expressed the β-chain of the IL-2R, and the number of Mac-1loIL-2Rβ+ cells was increased by twofold to threefold in IL-2−/− mice. During culture in the presence of IL-2 and the absence of stromal cells, Mac-1loIL-2Rβ+ immature myeloid cells proliferated and gave rise to mature granulocytes and macrophages. Collectively, these observations indicate that defective myelopoiesis in IL-2−/− mice is at least in part a consequence of their direct dependency on IL-2, and by regulating the growth of immature myeloid cells, IL-2 plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of myelocytic cell generation.
Choice of Afforestation Tree Speciesof of Resistant to Pollution in Taiyuan Forest Park

The article adopted method of man-made fumigating and investigation,selected thirty seven afforestation tree speciesof of resistant to pollution suitable for Taiyuan forest park according to pollution trait of air in Taiyuan forest park,provided foundation of design of afforestation project.
Bounded search and symbolic inference for constraint optimization

Constraint optimization underlies many problems in AI. We present a novel algorithm for finite domain constraint optimization that generalizes branch-and-bound search by reasoning about sets of assignments rather than individual assignments. Because in many practical cases, sets of assignments can be represented implicitly and compactly using symbolic techniques such as decision diagrams, the set-based algorithm can compute bounds faster than explicitly searching over individual assignments, while memory explosion can be avoided by limiting the size of the sets. Varying the size of the sets yields a family of algorithms that includes known search and inference algorithms as special cases. Furthermore, experiments on random problems indicate that the approach can lead to significant performance improvements.
Flight dynamics and surveillance equipment simulation for trajectory based operation in unmanned aerial systems

This paper presents a Research and Development (R&D) effort to design and develop a flight simulation system with Adaptive Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B), and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), for integration of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) into National Airspace System (NAS). The paper will delineate the design and development of the Next Generation Applied Research (NEAR) Lab's FMS (NEAR-FMS) including the UAS aircraft models, and the surveillance simulation equipment. The NEAR-FMS will be used in NextGen projects such as Four-Dimensional Trajectory 4DT operations, as well as Alliance for System Safety of UAS through Research Excellence (ASSURE) projects funded by Federal Aviation Association (FAA). Middle-fidelity Flight Dynamic Models (FDM) of two UASs, a Predator class and a Global Hawk have been designed and tested on JSBSim aerodynamic simulator. Autopilots have been designed and implemented for both UAS FDMs. The paper will present the results of tests on the UAS simulated flights and performance data. The UAS models will be used to test the criticality of the conventional surveillance equipment of the UASs as well as identifying the requirements of these systems for such aircraft. Finally, the assessment of the data generated by the simulated flights will drive the requirements and constraints on the conventional surveillance equipment on the UAS. This project is a work in progress and the detailed results will be published in future publications.
Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Thyroid Cancer with Radioactive Iodine

Radioactive iodine treatment is indicated in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer for remnant ablation and treatment of micrometastases, for recurrent local disease not amenable to surgery, and for treatment of distant metastases. The diagnosis of recurrent or distant metastatic disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is based on the measurement of thyroglobulin levels and evaluation of a neck ultrasound, with further imaging reserved for patients with abnormal results. The preparation of patients who are to receive RAI treatment is based on a strategy of depleting the body iodine stores (by following a low iodine diet) and by increasing serum TSH levels (with thyroid hormone withdrawal or using recombinant human TSH). The dose of RAI to be used may be determined by dosimetry or by following an empiric treatment regimen. The use of RAI is associated with specific side effects and treatment burden that should be clearly discussed with patients.
Association of downregulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression with aggressive breast cancer (BC).

11035 Background: Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in human breast cancer. We previously showed that a high proportion of alternatively-activated, tumor-associated macrophages (M2) are associated with increased microvessel density (MVD) and worse outcomes in BC. The anti-tumor effect of TLR3 is well recognized. To our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating TLR3 expression and characteristics of inflammation in primary breast tumors. Methods: 48 breast tumors were obtained from the University of Chicago Breast Cancer SPORE tissue bank under IRB approved protocols. Tissue microarrays were constructed and molecular subtypes assigned based on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining into: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-like, and basal-like. Macrophage density was determined using double staining with CD68/CD163. MVD was measured by IHC using anti-CD34. Staining quantification was done by a pathologist. To evaluate the association between M2 macrophages, TLR3 and MVD, Spearman's rho correl...
Augmented Terrain-Based Navigation to Enable Persistent Autonomy for Underwater Vehicles

To effectively examine ocean processes, sampling campaigns require persistent autonomous underwater vehicles that are able to spend a majority of their deployment time maneuvering and gathering data underwater. Current navigation techniques rely either on high-powered sensors (e.g. Doppler Velocity Loggers) resulting in decreased deployment time, or dead reckoning (compass and IMU) with motion models resulting in poor navigational accuracy due to unbounded sensor drift. Recent work has shown that terrain-based navigation can augment existing navigation methods to bound sensor drift and reduce error in an energy-efficient manner. In this paper, we investigate the augmentation of terrain-based navigation with in situ science data to further increase navigation and localization accuracy. The motivation for this arises from the need for underwater vehicles to navigate within a spatiotemporally dynamic environment and gather data of high scientific value. We investigate a method to create a terrain map with maximum variability across the range of data available. These data combined with local bathymetry create a terrain that enables underwater vehicles to navigate and localize 1) relative to interesting water properties, and 2) globally based on the terrain and traditional methods. We examine a dataset of bathymetry and multiple science parameters gathered at the ocean surface at Big Fisherman's Cove on Santa Catalina Island and present a weighting for each parameter. We present efficient algorithms to obtain a convex combination of science and bathymetry parameters for unique trajectories generation.
Complexation-Assisted Continuous Crystallization of Isomeric Systems with Nanofiltration Recycle

In API-impurity systems consisting of structural isomers, the impurity has a strong affinity to incorporate into the host crystal owing to their identical molecular weight and similar structure. Conventional successive recrystallization turns out to be an unattractive purification strategy in such cases, since it can improve crystal purity only at the cost of yield. As an alternative, selective complexation of the impurity can sterically prevent its incorporation into the host lattice by increasing the apparent molecular weight and dimensions of the impurity. The increase in size of the impurity post complexation can be further exploited using a nanofiltration membrane to preferentially reject the complex in solution, while allowing the smaller molecules of uncrystallized API to permeate through. The crystallization yield can be enhanced by concentrating the permeate stream and recycling it back to the crystallizer. Thus, complexation-assisted nanofiltration recycle presents a strategy to improve both yie...
Efficient computation of the sensitization probability of a critical path considering process variations and path correlation

The problem of determining the sensitization probability of a path by a test vector is investigated. It is important when testing for delay defects due to process variations. An algorithm is presented which has high accuracy. Gate delays are modeled as probability mass functions, and novel operations are introduced that take into consideration circuit reconvergences and path correlations. Experimental results and comparisons with Monte Carlo are presented on the ISCAS'85, ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmarks.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Care Transitions Program in a Multimorbid Older Adult Cohort

Background/Objectives Facing penalties for preventable 30‐day hospital readmissions, many provider groups have implemented programs to remedy this problem, but the cost efficacy and value of such programs are not well delineated. The objective was to compare total cost of care over 30 days of individuals enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Care Transitions (MCCT) program and individuals not enrolled. Design Retrospective cohort study using secondary data analysis of a previously published cohort study. Setting Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Participants MCCT participants (n = 363) and individuals in a propensity‐matched referent cohort (n = 365). Intervention MCCT program enrollment. Measurements The primary outcome was total cost of care over 30 days after hospital discharge. A 2‐part modeling strategy was used to analyze 30‐day costs: whether individuals had non‐zero costs during the 30 days after discharge and a generalized linear model for individuals who incurred costs. Potential heterogeneous effects of the MCCT program were examined according to decile of 30‐day costs using quantile regression. Results Mean age was 83 in both groups. Adjusted mean 30‐day cost after hospitalization was $3,363 (95% confidence interval (CI) = $2,512−4,213) in the MCCT group and $4,161 (95% CI = $3,096−5,226) in the control group (P = .25). Cost savings of $2,744 (P = .008) at the eighth decile and $3,388 (P = .20) at the ninth decile were demonstrated. Thus, the only statistically significant differences were in the post hoc subgroup analysis in the highest‐cost subgroups. Conclusion We did not find a difference in overall mean costs between the MCCT group and the control group, although intervention participants in the upper deciles of costs appeared to experience lower costs than controls. A larger study cohort might better determine the value of the intervention.
Measles outbreak prevention and control among adults: Lessons from an importation outbreak in Yunnan province, China, 2015.

Background: The incidence of measles in Yunnan Province among vaccine target-age children has decreased markedly after attaining and sustaining high 2-dose coverage of measles containing vaccine (M...
Examining Similarities and Differences among Pharmacy Educational Mobile Applications

The use of educational mobile applications (EMAs) to enhance student learning experience is gaining considerable interest across college campuses in the U.S. Some EMAs are more commendable than others because of their ability to effectively help students study lecture materials, learn new concepts, prepare for exams, and improve their overall academic performance. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the major EMAs currently available to pharmacy students while addressing the similarities and differences between them. Type: Commentary
Bio-chemo-mechanics of thoracic aortic aneurysms

Most thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) occur in the ascending aorta. This review focuses on the unique bio-chemo-mechanical environment that makes the ascending aorta susceptible to TAA. The environment includes solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, cell phenotype, and extracellular matrix composition. Advances in solid mechanics include quantification of biaxial deformation and complex failure behavior of the TAA wall. Advances in fluid mechanics include imaging and modeling of hemodynamics that may lead to TAA formation. For cell phenotype, studies demonstrate changes in cell contractility that may serve to sense mechanical changes and transduce chemical signals. Studies on matrix defects highlight the multi-factorial nature of the disease. We conclude that future work should integrate the effects of bio-chemo-mechanical factors for improved TAA treatment.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF POLYETHER ANTIBIOTICS NARASIN AND SALINOMYCIN

Abstract The first total synthesis of polyether antibiotics, narasin ( 1a ) and salinomycin ( 1b ), is described.
Brief Commentary: Glycemic Targets for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

This commentary was selected for publication from among several submitted in response to a call for readers' perspectives on treatment targets for type 2 diabetes.
Symposium Wrap-Up

Through yesterday and today I have been thinking about what few on-the-spot comments I could make at this time that would be useful. First of all, and particularly for those not previously involved with road-vehicle aerodynamics, I hope we have opened up many new possibilities for future research. Two things should be evident. The problems are certainly significant and challenging from a technical point of view; furthermore, they are also very interesting. We all drive cars. As we drive around, the complex and fascinating aerodynamics that surround our vehicles naturally pique the curiosity of a fluid dynamicist and make him want to understand. As we have seen, there is much that is not well understood.
Characteristics of the Transmission System

As sonar signals propagate out of the dolphin’s head, a definite acoustic field is formed that is governed by the size of the animal’s head, the peak frequency of the signals, the area of the sound production mechanism, and the amount of focusing within the melon and at the melon-water interface. The acoustic near field will form in the vicinity of the dolphin’s head as it would near the transmitting surface of any energy radiator. The concept of a near field is often difficult to grasp since many explanations are embroiled in mathematics that seem to confuse rather than clarify the issue. In this section, a simple model will be used to discuss the notion of the near and far acoustic field of a radiator and to provide insights into the physics involved with the propagation of acoustic energy from a dolphin’s head.
Jet quenching and the pbar>~π - anomaly in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies

PHENIX data on $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ at $\sqrt{s}=130A \mathrm{GeV}$ suggest that $\overline{p}$ yields may exceed ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ at high ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}g2 \mathrm{GeV}/c.$ We propose that jet quenching in central collisions suppresses the hard PQCD component of the spectra in central $A+A$ reactions, thereby exposing a novel component of baryon dynamics that we attribute to (gluonic) bayron junctions. We predict that the observed $\overline{p}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and the $pg{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ anomaly at ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}\ensuremath{\sim}2 \mathrm{GeV}/c$ is limited to a finite ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ window that decreases with increasing impact parameter.
The photograph as archive: Crafting contemporary Koorie culture:

In 2008, an Aboriginal Australian artist based in Melbourne, Australia, created a kangaroo-teeth necklace, revivifying an art/cultural practice for the first time in over a century. She was inspire...
Temperature effects on growth rates and fatty acid content in freshwater algae and cyanobacteria

Abstract Mass cultivation of algae for biofuel and other bioproduct production in outdoor, open raceway ponds has some considerable economic advantages. However, these systems would be subject to fluctuations in temperature (among other environmental factors), which can have dramatic effects on the growth rates of algal species and impact the overall productivity and quality of targeted algal crops. This study sought to elucidate the effects of temperature on algal growth rates, biomass accumulation, fatty acid production and composition. We surveyed 26 algal species from 5 different functional groups, growing them at 6 different temperatures between 9 and 32 °C. For each surveyed species, we collected eco-physiological trait data including maximum growth rate, thermal optimum (Topt), thermal niche width, and lower and upper temperature limits for growth (CTmin and CTmax, respectively); these data were also pooled for analysis at the functional group level. Responses to temperature varied among species, but at the functional group level we determined that the cyanobacteria have the highest thermal optimum (30.6 ± 2.3 °C), followed by chlorophytes (25.7 ± 0.1 °C) and diatoms (24.0 ± 0.4 °C). Temperature-specific fatty acid (FA) production was mostly controlled by growth rates, though some change in production was attributable to modification of intracellular FA stores. Temperature affected FA profiles in diverse ways, with no consistent trends across species or functional groups. In sum, temperature significantly impacts the overall productivity of algal biofuel systems by influencing species growth rates and fatty acid production. While algal growth rates varied predictably with temperature, we did not find the generalizable trends in temperature dependence of FA composition, suggesting that some aspects of algal cultivation for bioproducts in outdoor, open-air systems may be less predictable. However, a compilation of algal growth and FA composition responses to temperature, such as ours, may be useful for choosing appropriate species for given temperature regimes.
Spontaneous Self-Organization in a Helicon Plasma Device: Instabilities, Bifurcation, Hysteresis and Plasma Detachment

We observe a spontaneous, self-organized global transition in the plasma dynamics via a transport bifurcation 1 in the linear helicon plasma device, Controlled Shear Decorrelation eXperiment, with increasing magnetic field (B). For B crit , the plasma is dominated by density gradient driven resistive drift waves rotating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction. For B > B crit the plasma exhibits steepened density and ion temperature gradients and both azimuthal and parallel velocity shear layers, along with multiple, radially separated plasma instabilities: high azimuthal mode number fluctuations rotating in the ion diamagnetic drift direction at the core (signatures of ITG modes), resistive drift waves at the density gradient and turbulence driven sheared flows near the edge. After the transition, we observe very rich plasma dynamics such as formation of a radial internal transport barrier, inward particle transport, formation and propagation of blobs, intermittency etc. Simultaneously, we also observe axial plasma detachment from the end of the device along with formation of the helicon core. Using spectroscopy, we find that the detachment also follows the hysteresis curves associated with the transport bifurcation, which led to steepening of the profiles. We show that this spontaneous self-organization is universal, but the value of B crit can depend on the source parameters (pressure, gas flow rate, rf power). This study allows us to access new regimes to study plasma turbulence and transport, helicon core formation as well as plasma detachment for divertor relevant physics.
Is “Business as Usual” Enough to Be Hispanic-Serving? Becoming a Hispanic-Serving Research Institution:

This study focuses on an emerging Hispanic-Serving Research Institution (HSRI) and seeks to understand its Hispanic-serving identity as seen through the eyes of senior campus administrators. Findin...