cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolving Treatment of Frontal Sinus Cholesteatoma: A Case Report.

Introduction Cholesteatomas are lined by squamous epithelium, contain keratin debris, and can cause bony erosion. Although commonly found in the middle ear space and mastoid, cholesteatomas may develop in adjacent structures including the paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinus cholesteatoma (FSC) is a rare condition with fewer than 30 reported cases. The aims of this study are to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and endoscopic treatment of FSC and to review the literature focusing on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and historical and contemporary treatments of FSC. Case presentation A 45-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of right eyelid and forehead swelling. Results of computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance images revealed a right frontal sinus lesion of soft-tissue density with bony dehiscence along the superior orbit and posterior table. He underwent right-sided endoscopic sinus surgery at a tertiary care center in January 2017. Intraoperatively, the frontal sinus contained keratin debris suggestive of FSC. This suspicion was confirmed postoperatively by pathologic analysis after subtotal resection. Discussion The pathogenesis of frontal sinus cholesteatoma varies based on its cause (congenital vs acquired). Clinical diagnosis remains challenging but is aided by nasal endoscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Historically, FSC has been managed by total extirpation through open approaches, which can entail substantial morbidity. With sophisticated endoscopic sinus instrumentation and image guidance, FSC can be successfully treated via an endoscopic approach. Serial debridements and washouts in an outpatient setting may adequately manage the residual disease in the postoperative period.
Token Reinforcement Programs in Special Classes

A review of token reinforcement programs in the special education classroom indicates that positive results were almost invariably obtained, even with different types of target behaviors and various kinds of populations. It is suggested that future studies concentrate on devising means of withdrawing tokens without interruption of progress and that greater use be made of reinforcers already existing in the classroom.
Adventures of an Accidental Music Librarian: Nurturing a New Library

In 2018, the University of Tennessee at Martin sought to expand its music degree programs, leading to the development of a satellite music library on campus. Prior to this time, the music library c...
Completely intracorporeal anastomosis in robotic left colonic and rectal surgery: technique and 30-day outcomes.

As robotic surgery continues to disseminate into the field of colon and rectal surgery, there is a growing interest in the utilization of intracorporeal anastomosis to potentially improve surgical outcomes. The purpoe of this study was to compare feasibility, safety, and short-term outcomes of robotic sigmoid and low anterior resections performed with completely intracorporeal anastomosis (CICA) technique to the traditional extracorporeal assisted anastomosis (ECAA) technique. Consecutive series of patients who underwent elective robotic sigmoid or low anterior resections for benign or malignant disease utilizes either CICA or ECAA between August 2017 and November 2019. Surgical complications were assessed until 30 postoperative days and compared between the two groups. A total of 160 patients were identified; 73 (45.6%) in the CICA group and 87 (54.4%) in the ECAA group. Most of the procedures were performed for malignancy (76%). Estimated blood loss was lower in the CICA group (80.7 mL vs. 110.2 mL; p = 0.048), while operative times were longer (5.9 ± SD hours vs. 4.9 ± SD hours; p = < 0.001). Overall conversion rate was 1.9%, with no conversions in the CICA group. Overall complications occurred in 54 patients (33.8%) with 13 (8.3%) representing major complications. There were no significant differences in 30 day outcomes between the two groups. This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of robotic sigmoid and low anterior resections with CICA. Outcomes for robotic sigmoid and low anterior resections are encouraging regardless of anastomotic technique (CICA vs ECAA).
The Efficacy of a Gamification Platform on the Professional Development of Different Generations of Critical Care Nurses

Ongoing professional educational needs for critical care nurses in the modern critical care environment are at an all-time high. Patient acuity and technology have significantly increased, while resources for critical care has decreased (Nates et al., 2016). Professional development activities are poorly attended, costly, and have uncertain outcomes (Viljoen, Coetzee, & Heyns, 2017). The goal of this quantitative, retrospective, comparative project was to evaluate the efficacy of a brief, online, spaced learning, education platform (Qstream) as an option for the professional development of critical care nurses. This project was explicitly designed to identify if the age of the nurse affects their engagement and competency scores. Qscores are analytics automatically calculated by the Qstream learning management device that reflects competency and engagement. The advanced statistical analysis sought to find a relationship between Qscores and the age of the participants. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained from both the study institution and American Sentinel University before beginning any data collection. The significant finding for this project was Qstream competency and engagement were not affected by the age of the nurse (F (2, 115) =.62, p =.539). The average participant gain in competency was 24%. A significant education cost savings were noted ($46,900 in 2018) as compared with didactic or online modules educational platforms. In conclusion, Qstream is an effective platform for the professional development of all generations of bedside nurses.
Motion Abstraction and Mapping with Spatial Constraints

A new technique is introduced to abstract and edit motion capture data with spatial constraints. Spatial proximities of end-effectors with tagged objects during zero-crossings in acceleration space are used to isolate significant events and abstract constraints from an agent's action. The abstracted data is edited and applied to another agent of a different anthropometric size and a similar action is executed while maintaining the constraints. This technique is specifically useful for actions involving interactions of a human agent with itself and other objects.
Dry matter and relative sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of maize whole plants and cobs

With 1 figure and 6 tables Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the potential of germplasm from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) programme for use as a biofuel feedstock, relative to commercial grain and silage hybrids. Eighteen maize genotypes including GEM varieties and commercial checks were evaluated in a 2-year field study for dry matter yield, moisture at harvest and sugar produced by hydrolysis of whole plants and cobs. There were no significant correlations between any of the traits measured, suggesting that it should be possible to improve yield with quality traits using a selection index. A brown midrib variety was in the top significance group for hydrolysis traits, underscoring the impact of this mutation on the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Commercial varieties tended to have superior dry matter yield, while several GEM lines ranked highly for sugar produced by hydrolysis of whole plants. Selection indices that take both sugar produced by hydrolysis and dry matter yield into account produced rankings of the germplasm used in this study that were markedly different than rankings based on either trait alone.
Stress-Induced CDK5 Activation Disrupts Axonal Transport via Lis1/Ndel1/Dynein

Axonal transport is essential for neuronal function, and defects in transport are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activity, driven by the stress-induced activator p25, also is observed in these diseases. Here we show that elevated CDK5 activity increases the frequency of nonprocessive events for a range of organelles, including lysosomes, autophagosomes, mitochondria, and signaling endosomes. Transport disruption induced by aberrant CDK5 activation depends on the Lis1/Ndel1 complex, which directly regulates dynein activity. CDK5 phosphorylation of Ndel1 favors a high affinity Lis1/Ndel/dynein complex that blocks the ATP-dependent release of dynein from microtubules, inhibiting processive motility of dynein-driven cargo. Similar transport defects observed in neurons from a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are rescued by CDK5 inhibition. Together, these studies identify CDK5 as a Lis1/Ndel1-dependent regulator of transport in stressed neurons, and suggest that dysregulated CDK5 activity contributes to the transport deficits observed during neurodegeneration.
Climate Weirding and Queering Nature: Getting Beyond the Anthropocene

Though many scientists and scholars of the environmental humanities are referring to the current geological era as the anthropocene, this article argues that there are some problems with this trope and the narrative that emerges from it. First, responsibility for the current era of climate weirding is not shared equally, some humans are way more responsible than others. Second, the claim of the anthropocene works rhetorically to maintain a sense of human exceptionalism from the rest of the evolution of life on the planet. Third and finally, the suggestion that this geological era be named the anthropocene suggests that the problem and the solution to our ecological crisis lie with Homo sapiens. Does this not re-create the sense of mastery that has fueled contemporary planetary ills in the first place? This paper argues that the idea of agency must be reconfigured and redistributed throughout the planetary community in order to deal with the wicked problems arising from climate weirding and an uncertain future.
Waiting in the Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans: A Case Study of the Tempography of Hyper-Marginalization

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina residents were forced to wait. Here the state played a familiar role where waiting is used to dominate or subordinate or further marginalize the poor. Residents of the Lower Ninth Ward, however, used waiting as a basis for interacting with other community members and as a way to structure social life. In doing so, they created a timescape of hyper-marginalization where waiting became normative. In examining this timescape, I conduct a tempography of the neighborhood and distinguish between three forms of waiting as interaction.
In Vitro Response of Escherichia Coli to Antibiotics and Ultrasound at Various Insonation Intensities

Microbial infections on implanted medical devices are difficult to treat. Application of 70 kHz ultrasonic irradiation to gentamicin treatment greatly enhanced the action of the antibiotic in terms of reduced viable bacterial concentrations. Ultrasonic irradiation was carried out at various insonation intensities that were noninhibitory in the absence of antibiotic. Synergistic killing was observed to be a function of ultrasonic intensity. Greatest killing (approximately 5 log reduction in viable population) was realized at full intensity (4.5 W/cm2), and decreased with reductions in power density. At lowest intensity (10 mW/cm2), no significant acoustic enhanced killing was noted.
Review of Rivers and Floodplains, by M. John S. Bridge

The author states that this book is concerned with the origin, geometry, water flow, sediment transport, erosion, and deposition associated with modern alluvial rivers and floodplains, how they vary in time and space, and how this information is used to interpret deposits of ancient rivers and floodplains. There is specific reference to the types and lifestyles of organisms associated with fluvial environments, human interaction with rivers and floodplains, associated environmental and engineering concerns, as well as the economic aspects of fluvial deposits, particularly the modeling of fluvial hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers. Methods of studying rivers and floodplains and their deposits are also discussed. Although basic principles are emphasized, many examples are detailed. Rivers and Floodplains is designed as a core text for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying modern or ancient fluvial environments, particularly in earth sciences, environmental sciences, and physical geography, but also in civil and agricultural engineering; college professors, researchers, and practicing professionals will also find the book an invaluable reference. John Bridge is a professor of Geological Sciences at the State University of New York at Binghamton, where he teaches and undertakes research in earth surface processes and sedimentology. This substantial monograph has been subdivided into ten chapters. The first chapter presents an overview of fluvial systems; the second and third chapters are on fundamentals of water flow and sediment transport respectively; Chapter 4 deals with bed forms and sedimentary structures; Chapter 5 focuses on alluvial channels and bars; Chapter 6 focuses on floodplains; Chapter 7 details along-valley variations in channels and floodplains; Chapter 8 is on channel-belt movements across floodplains; Chapter 9 is on long-term large-scale evolution of fluvial systems; and chapter 10 deals with fossils in fluvial deposits. In general, the material is very well presented, extremely well illustrated and very well suited to the intended audience. What this text does so well is a comprehensive integration of geomor-
1336 INTRAVENTRICULAR BLOOD AND CEREBRAL PERFUSION IN NEWBORN DOGS

We previously reported that blood in the lateral ventricle of the newborn dog acutely impairs cerebral blood flow (CBF). The current study sought to clarify the mechanism for these changes in imperfusion. For the first two groups of puppies autologous blood was infused into the lateral ventricle to maintain an intraventricular pressure (IVP) of approximately 50 mmHg for 20 minutes; CBF was determined at the end of the infusion in one of these groups and following return of the IVP to near baseline level in the other (mean time-25 rain). For a third group of puppies normal saline (NS) was infused for 20 min. prior to CBF determination and a fourth group served as controls. CBF was measured by [14C] iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The transient decrease in CBF following blood infusion appears to be due to the elevated IVP and reduced perfusion pressure. The reason mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) did not increase to maintain CBF following blood infusion as seen following NS infusion is not clear.
The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis.

SummaryThe neutral zone is a region of intervertebral motion around the neutral posture where little resistance is offered by the passive spinal column. Several studies—in vitro cadaveric, in vivo animal, and mathematical simulations—have shown that the neutral zone is a parameter that correlates we
The Hylleraas-CI method in molecular calculations. III.: implementation and numerical verification of a three-electron many-center theory

The general theory of three-electron Hylleraas-Configuration-Interaction method using linear correlation factors of the form rij has been implemented for molecular systems using cartesian Gaussians as basis sets. A brief review of the theory and the form of the three-electron integrals is presented. Additionally, a table of numerical values of some selected three-electron integrals is given. Results from test calculations on H3 using the full form of the theory are presented for some simple basis sets. A discussion of the computational problems that need to be overcome before this approach is competitive with traditional methods is included.
Highly stretchable and transparent nanomesh electrodes made by grain boundary lithography

Foldable photoelectronics and muscle-like transducers require highly stretchable and transparent electrical conductors. Some conducting oxides are transparent, but not stretchable. Carbon nanotube films, graphene sheets and metal-nanowire meshes can be both stretchable and transparent, but their electrical resistances increase steeply with strain <100%. Here we present highly stretchable and transparent Au nanomesh electrodes on elastomers made by grain boundary lithography. The change in sheet resistance of Au nanomeshes is modest with a one-time strain of ~160% (from ~21 Ω per square to ~67 Ω per square), or after 1,000 cycles at a strain of 50%. The good stretchability lies in two aspects: the stretched nanomesh undergoes instability and deflects out-of-plane, while the substrate stabilizes the rupture of Au wires, forming distributed slits. Larger ratio of mesh-size to wire-width also leads to better stretchability. The highly stretchable and transparent Au nanomesh electrodes are promising for applications in foldable photoelectronics and muscle-like transducers.
A flanking gene problem leads to the discovery of a Gprc5b splice variant predominantly expressed in C57BL/6J mouse brain and in maturing neurons

Background Gprc5b, a retinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), is a member of the group C metabotropic glutamate receptor family proteins possibly involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling. Many GPCR transcripts are alternatively spliced, which diversifies this class of proteins in their cell- and tissue-specific signaling, regulatory and/or pharmacological properties. We previously generated p97FE65 isoform-specific knockout mice that showed learning/memory deficits. In this study, we further characterized the 97FE65 null mice using cDNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses. Methodology/Principal Findings We discovered a novel brain-specific C-terminal splice variant of Gprc5b, Gprc5b_v2, which was differentially expressed in p97FE65 wild type and null mouse brains. The null mice were generated in 129/Sv ES cells, and backcrossed to C57Bl/6J for ten generations. We found that expression of Gprc5b_v2 mRNA in the brains of p97FE65 null mice was dramatically down-regulated (more than 20 fold) compared to their wild type littermates. However, expression profiles of Gprc5b variants and SNP analysis surrounding the FE65 locus suggest that the down-regulation is unlikely due to the altered FE65 function, but rather is caused by gene retention from the 129/Sv ES cells. Consistently, in contrast to ubiquitously expressed Gprc5b_v1, Gprc5b_v2 was predominantly expressed in the brain tissues of C57Bl/6J mice. The alternative splicing of the 3′ terminal exon also altered the protein coding sequences, giving rise to the characteristic C-termini. Levels of Gprc5b_v2 mRNA were increased during neuronal maturation, paralleling the expression of synaptic proteins. Overexpression of both Gprc5b variants stimulated neurite-like outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell line. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that Gprc5b-v2 may play a role during brain maturation and in matured brain, possibly through the regulation of neuronal morphology and protein-protein interaction. This study also highlights the fact that unexpected gene retention following repeated backcrosses can lead to important biological consequences.
Particle Tracks in Emulsion

A new theory of track formation in emulsion accounts for the tracks of charged particles on the basis of a theory developed earlier for the response of biological molecules and NaI(Tl) to energetic heavy ions. The probability that an emulsion grain will remain undeveloped when exposed to $\ensuremath{\delta}$ rays depositing a mean energy $\overline{E}$ is assumed to be ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\overline{E}}{{E}_{0}}}$, where ${E}_{0}$ is the dose at which $\frac{1}{e}$ (37%) of the emulsion grains remain undeveloped, as in the one-or-more-hit cumulative Poisson distribution. The parameter ${E}_{0}$ incorporates variations in emulsion properties and processing conditions. Calculation of the spatial distribution of the ionization energy deposited by $\ensuremath{\delta}$ rays is combined with the assumed emulsion response to yield the spatial distribution of developed grains about the path of the charged particle. Calculations are in agreement with experimental data for grain counts (up to the relativistic rise), blackness profiles, and track width.
Control of microporosity of Al2O3-pillared clays: effect of pH, calcination temperature and clay cation exchange capacity

Abstract Effects of the degree of hydrolysis of the Al (expressed as the pH or OH − /Al of the pillaring solution), the calcination temperature and the ion exchange capacity of the clay on the ultimate microporisity of the Al 2 O 3 -pillared clays are studied. The results showed that clays prepared from an olimeric solution with an OH − /Al of 2.2 and calcined at 400°C yielded the highest overall surface area and the largest micropore volume. Micropore volumes of clays calcined at 600°C were consistently lower than those same clays calcined at 400°C. The overall surface area followed the same trend. This is due to a collapse/sintering of the Al 2 O 3 pillars with calcination at the higher temperature, which reduces the interlayer spacing as confirmed by XRD. The pillared clays generally contained a bimodal pore size distribution with peak dimensions at 0.4 and 0.55 nm. Two montmorillonites with widely different cation exchange capacities (CEC) were used: Wyoming bentonite (CEC=0.74 meq/g) and Cheto (Arizona) bentonite (CEC=1.4 meq/g). The high CEC resulted in a higher pillar density and consequently a larger ultramicroporosity (with 0.4 nm pores) while the pore volumes of the 0.55 nm pores were the same. In all cases, the peak pore sizes were less than the free interlayer spacing as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Dubinin–Astakhov transformed isotherms were used to qualitatively characterize the micropore distribution of the clays.
Isolation and description of a non-motile, fusiform, stalked bacterium, a representatieve of a new genus

A single strain representing the fusiform group of caulobacters first described by Henrici and Johnson has been isolated from a freshwater pond. Like the genusCaulobacter this is a chemo-organotrophic bacterium that has one polar prostheca, a stalk in the sense that its apical holdfast permits the cell to attach to solid substrates. Fine structure studies reveal, however, that the prostheca of this organism contains typical cellular constituents, not the membranous material found in the stalks ofCaulobacter andAsticcacaulis. The organism also differs from the other caulobacters in having no motile stage and no dimorphic life cycle (both daughter cells are stalked at the time of division). Because only one strain has been isolated no nomenclatural proposals are made, but sufficient evidence is presented to indicate that this is a representative of a new genus of the Schizomycetes.
On the design of approximately optimal feedback controllers for a distributed parameter system

This paper presents a technique for designing an approximately optimal feedback controller in a distributed parameter system. The problem investigated is a one-dimensional heat conduction system, The controller is designed by minimizing the difference in the performance measures between the one obtained for the optimal open loop control and the one obtained for the approximately optimal feedback control. The optimal open loop control is computed by means of the simplex method of linear programming. An approximately optimal feedback controller is designed using a gradient technique in the parameter sSpace to determine the best parameters and a search technique to determine the best spatial coordinates of the controller. The effect of the boundary conditions on the best parameters is discussed.
Simulation of Interaction Forces between Nanoparticles: End-Grafted Polymer Modifiers

The interaction forces between nanoscale colloidal particles coated with end-grafted Lennard-Jones homopolymers are calculated using off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations in the NVT ensemble. The focus of this work is on grafted polymers that are of approximately the same size as the nanoparticle, a regime intermediate to the star-polymer and Derjaguin limits. The effects of chain length (N), nanoparticle diameter (σc), grafting density (ρa), and colloid-polymer and polymer-polymer interaction energies (ecp and epp) on the polymer-induced force between the nanoparticles are explored. The inclusion of attractive dispersion interactions between the particle and polymeric modifier results in either long-ranged attraction and short-ranged repulsion or pure repulsion, depending on the molecular parameters. The polymer-induced attraction occurs even under good solvent conditions below a threshold grafting density (ρa) and chain length (N) and could be attributed to both bridging (colloid-polymer) and intersegmental (polymer-polymer) attraction. Above the threshold ρa and N values, chain entropy and excluded volume effects begin to dominate and lead eventually to polymer-induced repulsion and, consequently, nanoparticle stabilization. These results point to the importance of considering dispersion attractions between grafted segments and the nanoparticle surface in modeling these high-curvature colloid interactions.
Manifolds that induce approximate fibrations in the PL category

This paper provides quick recognition of approximate fibrations among certain PL maps by identifying fibrators. A closed connected orientable n-manifold N is called a codimension k PL fibrator if, for all PL maps p: M → B on a PL (n + k)-manifold M such that each p−1b collapses to a copy of N, p is an approximate fibration. As codimension 2 fibrators are fairly well understood, the paper emphasizes codimensions k > 2. Here are some of its key results, all stated for a codimension 2 PL fibrator N. If aspherical, N is a codimension 3 PL fibrator. If its universal cover is closed and (k − 1)-connected, k < 6, then N is a codimension k PL fibrator. If N is 3-dimensional and π1(N) ≠ Z2 ∗ Z2, then N is a codimension 3 fibrator. Again for 3-dimensional N, if π1(N) is normally cohopfian and either N is aspherical or H1(N) is infinite, then N is a codimension 4 PL fibrator. If N is aspherical, π1(N) is normally cohopfian, and π1(N) has no proper normal subgroup isomorphic to π1(N)A where A itself is an Abelian normal subgroup of π1(N), then N is a codimension k PL fibrator for all k. In particular, the final statement holds for all hyperbolic 3-manifolds as well as for those with two other geometric structures.
Norepinephrine increases angiotensin II binding in rat brain synaptosomes.

Abstract Synaptosomes prepared from rat hypothalamus or brainstem contain specific binding sites for [ 125 I]-angiotensin II (AII). Treatment of these synaptosomes with norepinephrine (NE) (10–500 μM) for 60 min results in a concentration-dependent increase in [ 125 I]-AII specific binding which appears to be an increase in the number rather than the affinity of these binding sites. This effect of NE is qualitatively similar in synaptosomes prepared from neonate (one-day-old) or adult (140-day-old) rats. Furthermore, it is antagonized by prazosin (10 μM) but not by yohimbine (10 μM), indicating the involvement of α 1 -adrenergic receptors. Finally, this effect of NE may involve activation of protein kinase C (PKC) because it is mimicked by a PKC agonist (TPA, 0.8 μM; 60 min) and is blocked by a PKC antagonist (H-7, 100 μM). These results match our previous findings on the regulation of AII receptors in neurons cultured from the hypothalamus and brainstem of neonate rats and provide strong evidence for a role of this catecholamine in the modulation of brain AII receptors.
Patterns of differences in brain morphology in humans as compared to extant apes

Although human evolution is characterized by a vast increase in brain size, it is not clear whether or not certain regions of the brain are enlarged disproportionately in humans, or how this enlargement relates to differences in overall neural morphology. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not there are specific suites of features that distinguish the morphology of the human brain from that of apes. The study sample consists of whole brain, in vivo magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) and five ape species (gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos). Twenty-nine 3D landmarks, including surface and internal features of the brain were located on 3D MRI reconstructions of each individual using MEASURE software. Landmark coordinate data were scaled for differences in size and analyzed using Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) to statistically compare the brains of each non-human ape species to the human sample. Results of analyses show both a pattern of brain morphology that is consistently different between all apes and humans, as well as patterns that differ among species. Further, both the consistent and species-specific patterns include cortical and subcortical features. The pattern that remains consistent across species indicates a morphological reorganization of 1) relationships between cortical and subcortical frontal structures, 2) expansion of the temporal lobe and location of the amygdala, and 3) expansion of the anterior parietal region. Additionally, results demonstrate that, although there is a pattern of morphology that uniquely defines the human brain, there are also patterns that uniquely differentiate human morphology from the morphology of each non-human ape species, indicating that reorganization of neural morphology occurred at the evolutionary divergence of each of these groups.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems–CXCV: The structure of the [C6H6O]+˙ ion in the spectrum of phenyl alkyl ethers

The [C6H6O]+˙ ion from C6H5OC4H9 is structurally similar to the molecular ion from phenol as demonstrated by 13C labeling.
Observations on the Clinical Use of a Chlorophyll Dentifrice

Within the past few years, a number of preparations containing chlorophyll1 have been offered to the medical and dental professions and to the public. Although the importance of this substance in plant physiology has long been recognized and although some reports of its role in gen­ eral medicine,2'5 surgery6’ 7 and dentistry 8*18 are available, final appraisal of its use in clinical dentistry has not yet been made. There are reports in the literature of the effect of chlorophyll on salivary lactobacillus counts.8,18’ 20 In the studies which have utilized dentifrices contain­ ing chlorophyll, the subjects brushed their teeth in a definite manner at specific times (controlled brushing). Since chlorophyll-containing dentifrices can be pur­ chased without prescription “ over the counter,” it is most likely that persons using such a dentifrice use it as they use other dentifrices rather than according to a controlled brushing technic. For this reason the effects of “ uncontrolled” brushing of the teeth with a chlorophyllcontaining dentifrice were studied.21
Design and numerical analysis of an SMA mesh-based self-folding sheet

Origami engineering, which is the practice of creating useful three-dimensional structures through folding and fold-like operations applied to initially two-dimensional entities, has the potential to impact several areas of design and manufacturing. In some instances, however, it may be impractical to apply external manipulations to produce the desired folds (e.g., as in remote applications such as space systems). In such cases, self-folding capabilities are valuable. A self-folding material or material system is one that can perform folding operations without manipulations from external forces. This work considers a concept for a self-folding material system. The system extends the 'programmable matter' concept and consists of an active, self-morphing sheet composed of two meshes of thermally actuated shape memory alloy (SMA) wire separated by a compliant passive layer. The geometric and power input parameters of the self-folding sheet are optimized to achieve the tightest local fold possible subject to stress and temperature constraints. The sheet folding performance considering folds at different angles relative to the orientation of the wire mesh is also analyzed. The optimization results show that a relatively low elastomer thickness is preferable to generate the tightest fold possible. The results also show that the self-folding sheet does not require large power inputs to achieve an optimal folding performance. It was shown that the self-folding sheet is capable of creating similar quality folds at different orientations.
Characterization of Adaptation Motors in Saccular Hair Cells by Fluctuation Analysis

Abstract The mechanical sensitivity of hair cells, the sensory receptors of the vestibular and auditory systems, is maintained by adaptation, which resets the transducer to cancel the effects of static stimuli. Adaptation motors in hair cells can be experimentally activated by externally applying a transduction channel blocker to the hair bundle, causing the hair bundle to move in the negative direction. We studied the variance in the position of the hair bundle during these displacements and found that it increases as the bundle moves to its new position. Often the variance peaks, and then declines to a steady-state value. We describe both displacement and variance with a model in which a motor acting on the bundle takes ∼3.6-nm steps whose frequency (∼22s −1 ) declines with the motor's load.
Quantitative Determination of Technological Improvement from Patent Data

The results in this paper establish that information contained in patents in a technological domain is strongly correlated with the rate of technological progress in that domain. The importance of patents in a domain, the recency of patents in a domain and the immediacy of patents in a domain are all strongly correlated with increases in the rate of performance improvement in the domain of interest. A patent metric that combines both importance and immediacy is not only highly correlated (r = 0.76, p = 2.6*10-6) with the performance improvement rate but the correlation is also very robust to domain selection and appears to have good predictive power for more than ten years into the future. Linear regressions with all three causal concepts indicate realistic value in practical use to estimate the important performance improvement rate of a technological domain.
Mobile Wireless Technology for Individuals with Cognitive Impairments: Device Analysis and Customization

A compensatory aid is being developed to support community re-entry for persons with cognitive impairments resulting from acquired brain injuries (ABI). With mobile wireless technology as a design platform, research in computer science and rehabilitation engineering is integrated with industrial design to explore the central concern: the design of a user interface that is understandable and operable by individuals with significant cognitive impairments. Much of what is learned during this project is applicable to enhancing the usability of mobile wireless technologies for users without disabilities.
Fe2+-catalyzed heterolytic RO-OH bond cleavage and substrate oxidation: a functional synthetic non-heme iron monooxygenase system.

The reaction of [Fe22+(H2Hbamb)2(N-MeIm)2], [1], a binuclear, non-heme iron complex, with 2-methyl-1-phenylprop-2-yl hydroperoxide (MPPH) shows that [1] induces heterolytic cleavage of the peroxy O-O bond. Catalytic atom transfer reactions (1:MPPH:PhSMe 1:596:6011) resulted in the highly efficient (99 +/- 1%), catalytic oxidation of phenyl methyl sulfide to phenyl methyl sulfoxide/sulfone (T.N. = 500/11 respectively) and cyclohexane to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone (T.N. = 230/5 respectively) showing the highly efficient, catalytic capacity of [1] to carry out oxygen insertion chemistry.
ARE MODELS OF ANION HYDRATION OVERBOUND ? THE SOLVATION OF THE ELECTRON AND CHLORIDE ANION COMPARED

By means of a fully polarizable model for the chloride ion-water interaction we show that the modelling of anion solvation suffers from a similar inconsistency as the current electron-solvent potentials. Either the bulk hydration enthalpies are correct with the first hydration shell overbound, or the potential is adapted to describe the local environment of the solute at the expense of a major loss of solvation enthalpy. It is argued that boundary effects in the simulation are at least partly responsible for this dilemma. A further parallel between a polarizable aqueous halide ion and the solvated electron is the anisotropy in the surrounding solvent, which is reflected in an asymmetry in the electronic excitation spectrum.
Confirmation of assignment of the human alpha 1-crystallin gene (CRYA1) to chromosome 21 with regional localization to q22.3.

The crystallins are highly conserved structural proteins universally found in the eye lens of all vertebrate species. In mammals, three immunologically distinct classes are present, α-, β-, and γ-crystallins, and each class represents a multigene family. The α-crystallin gene family consists of α1-crystallin (CRYA1) and α2-crystallin (CRYA2) genes (previously designated αA-and αB-crystallin, respectively), which show extensive sequence homology. We constructed a synthetic oligonucleotide probe of 25 bases corresponding to a specific region of the human α1-crystallin gene sequence. This 25-mer probe bears little sequence homology to human α2-crystallin gene and does not cross-hybridize to α2-crystallin sequences in Southern blot analysis. Using this unique synthetic probe, we have demonstrated the identity of the α1-crystallin gene in human genomic DNA. In addition, we have also confirmed its chromosomal location on human chromosome 21. Finally, we have regionally localized the gene to q22.3 by using both Southern blot analysis of a panel of cell hybrids containing different parts of human chromosome 21, and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. The use of synthetic oligonucleotide probes specific for individual genes should be useful in identifying and mapping members of multigene families.
T cell responses to myelin basic protein in patients with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis

Autoimmune inflammation secondary to myelin destruction may play an inhibitory role in restoration of nerve functions in spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we demonstrated that T cells recognizing myelin basic protein (MBP) occurred at a high precursor frequency in patients with SCI, which was compatible to that in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease of presumed autoimmune pathology. The findings suggest of hyperactivity of MBP-reactive T cells in patients with SCI. MBP-reactive T cell lines derived from patients with SCI exhibited a preferential recognition pattern toward the 81-99 and the 151-169 regions of MBP. There were functional differences in the epitope recognition and cytokine profile between two panels of MBP-reactive T cell lines derived from patients with SCI and patients with MS. The study provides new evidence important for further investigation of the role of the inflammatory component in SCI.
Citizenship development and the American college student

Sax, L. J. (2004). Citizenship Development and the American College Student. New Directions for Institutional Research, 122 (Summer): 65-80. Citizenship Development and the American College Student 1 Linda J. Sax Introduction The development of citizenship among college students is a long- standing goal of higher education in the United States (Boyer and Hechinger, 1981; Colby, Ehrlich, Beaumont and Stephens, 2003; Finkelstein, 1988; Ketcham, 1992; Morse, 1989; Newell and Davis, 1988). More than two hundred years ago, education for citizenship was seen as essential to the development of a well-informed and critically thinking society (Morse, 1989). Although civic education was somewhat de-emphasized during the industrialization and educational specialization of the nineteenth century, citizenship reappeared as a priority of higher education through the general education movement of the early twentieth century. Indeed, for many years general education was seen as a means of safeguarding civic education from curriculum overspecialization. By the mid 1980s, however, many educators sensed that higher education was not effectively meeting the challenge of nurturing students’ sense of civic responsibility. As noted in a Carnegie Foundation report, “If there is a crisis in education in the United States today, it is less that test scores Portions of this chapter appear in Sax, L. J. “Citizenship Development and the American College Student,” in Civic Responsibility and Higher Education, Thomas Ehrlich (Ed.), copyright © 2000 by The American Council on Education and The Oryx Press. Reproduced with permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.
Mantle-zone lymphoma: a follicular variant of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma

A clinicopathologic analysis of 12 cases of a morphologically distinctive non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma which appeared to arise from the mantle zones of secondary lymphoid follicles is presented. In lymph node and spleen sections, atypical small lymphoid cells with slightly irregular and indented nuclear contours proliferated as wide mantles around non-neoplastic-appearing germinal centers. Surface marker analysis performed on lymph nodes revealed a monoclonal B-cell proliferation in two cases. Clinically, the patients usually had advanced disease (Stage III or IV) associated with splenomegaly. This lymphoma appears to be relatively low-grade, since nine of 12 patients are alive with a median follow-up period of 28.5 months. We believe that thie "mantle-zone lymphoma" represents a nodular or follicular variant of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma.
A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac.

Purpose: To present a rare case of adenocarcinoma arising from the lacrimal sac. Design: Interventional case report. Methods: Report of a new case of primary lacrimal sac adenocarcinoma. Results: The clinical presentation, workup, surgical treatment and pathology of a case of adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac are described. Conclusion: Although very rare, these tumors should be in the differential diagnosis of any lacrimal sac mass, especially those presenting above the medial canthal tendon. Other common features include expressible blood from the punctum, lack of pain, and a history of chronic epiphora or intermittent dacryocystitis. Local destruction and metastatic spread can be prevented by a high index of suspicion and early intervention.
Selling the sole: media, mysticism, and the marketing of barefoot-inspired athletic footwear

Shoe manufacturers reacted to the barefoot subculture of distance running that would proliferate in the mid-1990s by producing and aggressively marketing the ‘minimalist’ shoe. To overcome the paradox of selling a shoe that mimics running without footwear, we argue that shoe companies co-opt many of the symbols and identities that characterize the oppositional character of the barefoot running subculture. Our analysis seeks to identify the methods through which this process takes place in video advertisements for minimalist running shoes, focusing specifically on New Balance's campaign for the Minimus featuring ultramarathon champion Anton Krupicka. This lucrative market has in effect mainstreamed the concept of barefoot running – a movement with roots tracing back to the 1970s – into mass consumer culture, a process that has commoditized its original principles of mysticism and anti-materialism to promote minimalist shoes.
An Overview of the Development of a Vortex Based Inflation Code for Parachute Simulation (VIPAR)

Sandia National Laboratories has undertaken an ambitious, multiyear effort to greatly improve our parachute system modeling and analysis capabilities. The impetus for this effort is twofold. First, extending the stockpile lifetime raises serious questions regarding the ability of the parachutes to meet their requirements in the future due to material aging. These aging questions cannot currently be answered using available tools and techniques which are based upon the experience of expert staff and full-scale flight tests and are, therefore, not predictive. Second, the atrophy of our parachute technology base and the loss of our experienced staff has eroded our ability to respond to any future problems with stockpiled parachutes or to rapidly design a new parachute system on an experience base alone. To assure a future in-house capability for technical oversight of stockpile nuclear weapon parachutes, Sandia must move from our present empirically based approach to a computationally based, predictive methodology. This paper discusses the current status of the code development and experimental validation activities. Significant milestones that have been achieved and those that are coming up in the next year are discussed.
Phospholipase D Involvement in the Plant Oxidative Burst

Pathogen-triggered generation of reactive oxidants, termed the oxidative burst, contributes to disease resistance in both plant and animal kingdoms. Since phospholipase D plays a key role in the neutrophil oxidative burst signaling cascade and is highly abundant in plants, we investigated its participation in the plant oxidative burst. Thin layer chromatography of extracted phospholipids revealed no changes in phosphatidic acid levels in soybean cells undergoing oxidant production, and no changes in phosphatidyl-ethanol biosynthesis could be detected when ethanol was present during elicitation. An inhibitor of phosphatidic acid hydrolase, propranolol, did not modify burst parameters or phosphatidic acid levels during the burst, suggesting our inability to detect phosphatidic acid accumulation was not due to rapid elimination. Furthermore, exogenous phosphatidic acid did not elicit a burst or enhance elicitor-stimulated bursts. Finally, ethanol, a substitute nucleophile, did not abrogate the burst. With data showing the presence of phospholipase D in soybean cells, these data argue that soybean phospholipase D does not participate in signaling the oxidative burst. This constitutes the first major difference between the plant and animal oxidative burst signal transduction pathways.
Effects of pH and temperature on photoaffinity labeling of Family B G protein-coupled receptors.

The efficiency of covalent labeling of a receptor by a photolabile analogue of its natural ligand is dependent on the spatial approximation of the probe and its target. Systematic application of intrinsic photoaffinity labeling to the secretin receptor, a prototypic Family B G protein-coupled receptor, demonstrated reduced efficiency of labeling for amino-terminal and mid-region sites of labeling relative to carboxyl-terminal sites. Reduction of pH from 7.4 to 5.5 and reduction of temperature from 25 °C to 4 °C improved the efficiency of covalent labeling of the receptor with these probes. This correlated with sites of labeling at the interface between the receptor amino terminus and the receptor core, a region containing histidine residues that have their ionization affected in this pH range. Application to the calcitonin receptor, another Family B G protein-coupled receptor, yielded analogous results. These results support the consistent mode of docking peptide ligands to this group of receptors.