cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Prediction and Life Cycle Costs at the Ohio Route 50 Test Pavement

ABSTRACT Application of mechanistic-based pavement performance prediction equations and life cycle costing to the Ohio Route 50 joint sealant experiment is presented. As-constructed pavement system characteristics are used as inputs, along with observed distress data for calibration of the predictive models. The relative cost effectiveness of the joint sealants on the project is determined. It is found that predicting the performance of a pavement using observations spanning over a small fraction of its design life and a set of purely empirical/statistical algorithms poses significant engineering interpretation challenges. Nonetheless, the test pavement may be expected to fail in transverse cracking long before it exhibits objectionable extents of spalling, or even before its riding quality deteriorates below a tolerable level. Neither the existence nor the type of sealant treatment used is likely to influence the progression of cracking. These findings are consistent with previous mechanistic analyses, w...
Parallel Time-Domain Finite-Element Simulator of Linear Speedup and Electromagnetic Accuracy for the Simulation of Die–Package Interaction

In this paper, we develop an almost embarrassingly parallel solution to an electromagnetic solver of linear complexity for overcoming the grand challenge of performing electromagnetically accurate co-simulation of die-package interaction. In this solution, through suitable basis functions and linear algebraic techniques, we directly and rigorously decompose the system matrix in a 3-D space to multiple matrices of 1-D sizes with negligible computational overhead. Each 1-D matrix is made tridiagonal and, hence, can be solved readily in linear complexity. We then achieve an almost embarrassingly parallel implementation of the fast electromagnetic solver with a low communication-to-computation ratio. Numerical experiments on a large-scale combined die-package system, involving more than 3.5 billion unknowns, have demonstrated superior performance of the proposed parallel transient simulator for simulating large-scale integrated circuits and package problems. In addition, the proposed solver is applicable to any arbitrarily shaped multilayer structure embedded in inhomogeneous materials.
Should all patients undergo cardiac catheterization after a myocardial infarction

Between one half and two thirds of patients who survive an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be at low risk for future complications and hence can be managed with medical therapy. However, the remaining patients are prone to future complications, which by and large occur within the subsequent 3 months and include cardiac death, recurrent AMI, unstable angina, and congestive heart failure. Current available methods for risk stratification include a good clinical evaluation, rest and stress electrocardiograms (preferentially combined with radionuclide imaging), and possibly two-dimensional stress echocardiography. In patients unable to exercise, pharmacologic perfusion scintigraphy affords a powerful means to identify high-risk patients. Patients deemed to be at high risk should be referred for cardiac catheterization and myocardial revascularization. The practice of performing routine cardiac catheterization after an AMI has led to an over use of resources in the United States. Such a practice is not based on any scientific evidence of enhanced benefit. In fact, in other Western world countries where only selected patients are referred for cardiac catheterization, patient survival appears to be similar to that in the United States. In conclusion, most patients after AMI, whether treated with thrombolytic therapy or not, can be managed conservatively and risk stratified on the basis of noninvasive testing, after which patients deemed to be at high risk should undergo invasive evaluation.
QUASI-STEADY DISCHARGE OF FLUID FROM A VESSEL THROUGH A POPPET VALVE

Previously established characteristics of steady-state discharge through a valve are employed for the study of quasi-steady discharge from a vessel. Experimental examination of the problem has also been carried out. The data obtained in the laboratory fully supported the validity of the quasi-steady approach to this type of unsteady flow problems.
RECLAIMING DEVIANCE AS A UNIQUE COURSE FROM CRIMINOLOGY RE-REVISITED: ENTERING DELINQUENCY INTO THE EQUATION

Serious issues arise in course development, including course content similarity, theoretical overlap, and reading and writing assignment redundancy. What if we must teach delinquency in addition to criminology and deviance? Sociology majors interested in crime and deviance are likely to take more than one of these sociology courses, and non-majors often take these courses as electives. In this paper, I offer ideas for developing distinct deviance, delinquency, and criminology courses, and discuss how to reduce theoretical and other content overlap, paper assignments, course readings, and departmental issues.
Synthesis, ex vivo evaluation, and radiolabeling of potent 1,5-diphenylpyrrolidin-2-one cannabinoid subtype-1 receptor ligands as candidates for in vivo imaging.

We have reported that [methyl-11C] (3R,5R)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(R)-1-phenylethylamino]-1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one ([11C]8, [11C]MePPEP) binds with high selectivity to cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors in monkey brain in vivo. We now describe the synthesis of 8 and four analogues, namely, the 4-fluorophenyl (16, FMePPEP), 3-fluoromethoxy (20, FMPEP), 3-fluoromethoxy-d2 (21, FMPEP-d2), and 3-fluoroethoxy analogues (22, FEPEP), and report their activity in an ex vivo model designed to identify compounds suitable for use as positron emission tomography (PET) ligands. These ligands exhibited high, selective potency at CB1 receptors in vitro (Kb < 1 nM). Each ligand (30 μg/kg, iv) was injected into rats under baseline and pretreatment conditions (3, rimonabant, 10 mg/kg, iv) and quantified at later times in frontal cortex ex vivo with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Maximal ligand uptakes were high (22.6−48.0 ng/g). Under pretreatment, maximal brain uptakes were g...
Phosphorylation of myosin II-interacting guanine nucleotide exchange factor (MyoGEF) at threonine-544 by aurora B kinase promotes the binding of polo-like kinase 1 to MyoGEF

We previously reported that phosphorylation of myosin II-interacting guanine nucleotide exchange factor (MyoGEF) by polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) promotes the localization of MyoGEF to the central spindle and increases MyoGEF activity toward RhoA during mitosis. In this study we report that aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of MyoGEF at Thr-544 creates a docking site for Plk1, leading to the localization and activation of MyoGEF at the central spindle. In vitro kinase assays show that aurora B can phosphorylate MyoGEF. T544A mutation drastically decreases aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of MyoGEF in vitro and in transfected HeLa cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro pulldown assays reveal that phosphorylation of MyoGEF at Thr-544 enhances the binding of Plk1 to MyoGEF. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that aurora B colocalizes with MyoGEF at the central spindle and midbody during cytokinesis. Suppression of aurora B activity by an aurora B inhibitor disrupts the localization of MyoGEF to the central spindle. In addition, T544A mutation interferes with the localization of MyoGEF to the cleavage furrow and decreases MyoGEF activity toward RhoA during mitosis. Taken together, our results suggest that aurora B coordinates with Plk1 to regulate MyoGEF activation and localization, thus contributing to the regulation of cytokinesis.
What have you done for me lately? Temporal adjustments to favor evaluations

Abstract Previous theory and research on exchange relationships offer conflicting predictions about how givers and receivers evaluate episodes of favor exchange. Whereas studies of egocentric biases suggest that favors are valued more by givers than by receivers, theory and research on interpersonal interaction norms suggest instead that favors are initially valued more by receivers than by givers. This seeming paradox may be partly reconciled by demonstrating that the nature of asymmetry in favor evaluations depends on the timing of the evaluation. This idea was tested using a sample of experimentally constructed favors and a sample of actual favors performed by employees of an organization. In both studies, the evidence showed that favors were initially valued more by receivers than by givers following an episode of favor exchange. However, givers increased their favor evaluations and receivers decreased their favor evaluations as time passed, which suggests that egocentric biases may emerge over time.
Pancreatic glucagon and bombesin inhibit meal size in ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned rats.

Abstract The effects of intraperitoneal injections of pancreatic glucagon and bombesin on meal size were tested in female rats in the dynamic phase of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) hyperphagia. Both pancreatic glucagon (100–2500 μg/kg) and bombesin (4–16 μg/kg) inhibited meal size in a dose-related manner. Percent inhibitions of meal size in VMH-lesioned and control rats did not differ significantly. These results suggest that the VMH is not necessary for peripheral administration of either pancreatic glucagon or bombesin to elicit postprandial satiety.
Beyond posttraumatic stress disorder : object relations and reality testing disturbances in physically and sexually abused adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, object (interpersonal) relations disturbances, and reality testing disturbances in a sample of physically and sexually abused adolescents. Method Subjects were 37 students, 16 boys and 21 girls, enrolled at a private, residential school for children with various conduct problems. Students completed several psychological tests, including the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI) and the Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory. Results Of the 37 students, 22 (59.5%) had CPTSD-RI scores in the severe and the very severe ranges. The most common object relations and reality testing disturbances were insecure attachment and uncertainty of perception, respectively. CPTSD-RI scores were positively correlated with two of the four object relations scores (insecure attachment and egocentricity) and with all three reality testing scores (reality distortion, uncertainty of perception, and hallucinations/delusions). Mean CPTSD-RI scores were higher for students whose abuse had involved sex (sexual and physical abuse, sexual abuse only) than they were for students whose abuse had been physical only. Alienation and social incompetence, the two object relations disturbances not correlated with PTSD symptom severity, were associated with having experienced abuse at an early age and having been abused by a parent or stepparent (versus a nonparent). Conclusions To address more effectively the long-term difficulties associated with child maltreatment, clinicians and clinician-investigators ought to evaluate interpersonal and reality testing disturbances, as well as PTSD symptom severity. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1995, 34, 8:1054–1059.
Scaling aquaponic systems: Balancing plant uptake with fish output

Abstract To be effective at nutrient removal, aquaponics systems should be sized correctly to balance nutrient production from fish culture and nutrient uptake by plants. We describe a method where the plant component was isolated from the fish rearing operation so that nutrient removal could be evaluated independently. Two crops, lettuce (Latuca sativa) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), were evaluated. Nasturtium had higher removal rates and removed both total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrate resulting in 80% DIN removal while lettuce removed only 48%. Lettuce removed only TAN and was ineffective at nitrate removal. Older plants were more effective at DIN removal while younger plants were more effective at PO4 removal. When normalized for biomass, younger plants had much higher removal rates. These results demonstrated that both crop and cropping method have considerable impacts on nutrient removal. This method will allow operators to adjust their system quickly and easily to meet remediation goals.
Communication problems for patients hospitalized with chest pain

In many settings, primary care physicians have begun to delegate inpatient care to hospitalists, but the impact of this change on patients’ hospital experience is unknown. To determine the effect on physician-patient communication of having the regular outpatient physician (continuity physician) continue involvement in hospital care, we surveyed 1,059 consecutive patients hospitalized with chest pain. Patients whose continuity physicians remained involved in their hospital care were less likely to report communication problems regarding tests (20% vs 31%, p=.03), activity after discharge (42% vs 51%, p=.02), and health habits (31% vs 38%, p=.07). In a setting without a designated hospitalist system, communication problems were less frequent among patients whose continuity physicians were involved in their hospital care. New models of inpatient care delivery can maintain patient satisfaction but to do so must focus attention on improving physician-patient communication.
Photopolymerization of Polyfunctional Acrylates and Methacrylate Mixtures: Characterization of Polymeric Networks by a Combination of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1

Fluorescence spectroscopy and solid state NMR methods were used to elucidate the detailed molecular structure of poly(meth)acrylate networks. Both techniques can be employed on identical samples and give complementary information. In this study a series of diacrylates, a series of dimethacrylates, and 1:1 mixtures of the triacrylate TMPTA with diacrylates (DA's) or dimethacrylates (DMA's), respectively, was investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed, using the shift in the fluorescence maximum of 4-(dimethylamino)-4‘-nitrostilbene (1), a charge transfer probe. This probe monitors both the rigidity and the polarity of the medium in which it is incorporated. CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy was employed monitoring the relaxation times, T1, of carbon atoms from the main chains and pendant groups, determining cross-link densities, and measuring T1ρ(1H) values. With these techniques information about the mobility of individual atoms and the homogeneity of the polymeric networks is obtained.
Workload characterization of cryptography algorithms for hardware acceleration (abstracts only)

Data encryption/decryption has become an essential component for modern information exchange. However, executing these cryptographic algorithms is often associated with huge overhead and the need to reduce this overhead arises correspondingly. In this paper, we select nine widely adopted cryptography algorithms and study their workload characteristics. Different from many previous works, we consider the overhead not only from the perspective of computation but also focusing on the memory access pattern. We break down the function execution time to identify the software bottleneck suitable for hardware acceleration. Then we categorize the operations needed by these algorithms. In particular, we introduce a concept called "Load-Store Block" (LSB) and perform LSB identification of various algorithms. Our results illustrate that for cryptographic algorithms, the execution rate of most hotspot functions is more than 60%; memory access instruction ratio is mostly more than 60%; and LSB instructions account for more than 30% for selected benchmarks. Based on our findings, we suggest future directions in designing either the hardware accelerator associated with microprocessor or specific microprocessor for cryptography applications.
The Fate of the Intact Orb Web of the Spider Araneus Diadematus Cl. 1)

When spider webs were left intact in the aluminum-glass boxes in the laboratory, most animals ate old webs daily and built new ones. The new webs were built with a larger amount of thread protein, increasing steadily in weight with increasing length of the non-elimination period, to more than 3 times in 8 days. The increased amount of thread material was first used to build larger webs with a longer thread, and later larger webs with thicker threads. A change in the number of spiral turns always went together with a change in web size and/or the number of radii thus confirming PETER'S segment rule. Experiments with radioactive labeled webs indicated that some material for the new web came probably through ingestion and reexcretion of the old web's protein. But experiments with intact versus destroyed and non-eliminated webs showed that probably not only old web material but also the intact web structure were clues for larger new webs. The deterioration of silk as well as continuous new thread synthesis in the spinning glands are suspected as reasons for the frequent rebuilding of webs.
Cooperative College Examinations: More Gain, Less Pain When Students Share Information and Grades

Abstract Examination performance of introductory psychology students (N = 576) was significantly enhanced (p < .001) in each of 4 separate comparisons of those taking tests with a partner versus traditional solo testing. In each case, mean test scores were raised significantly and grade variability was reduced. The power of cooperative team testing is shown in the robust average effect size of .80. Teammates also reported a host of positive attitudes toward the experience, notably (a) reduced test anxiety, (b) elevated confidence, (c) irrelevance of cheating, and (d) increased enjoyment of the course and subject matter. Similarly, the authors found positive effects for both required assignment to testing teams and in freely chosen teams. Comparison students given hypothetical scenarios regarding team versus solo testing misjudged some key features of the cooperative testing procedures. Recommendations for utilizing this effective educational strategy are proposed, and the social and motivational processes...
The control of filamentous differentiation and virulence in fungi

Many members of the fungal kingdom have a distinguishing feature, dimorphism, which is the ability to switch between two morphological forms: a cellular yeast form and a multicellular invasive filamentous form. At least three pathways are involved in regulating the transition between these two forms in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and evidence is now emerging that homologous signalling modules are involved in regulating filament formation and virulence in a range of human and plant fungal pathogens. Strikingly, components used to signal sexual differentiation in the response to mating pheromones are often reutilized to regulate dimorphic development, suggesting an ancient link between these processes.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Chartelline C

The first total synthesis of (±)-chartelline C in a concise 10-step sequence is reported. Highlights of the completion of this decades-old puzzle include (1) chemo- and position-selective installation of the heteroaromatic halogens, (2) halogen-sparing monoreduction of an alkyne linker, (3) a simple strategy for placement of the sensitive β-chloroenamide, (4) an unusually facile thermolysis of a vinyl carboxylic acid, and (5) a powerful ring contraction whose potential utility in heterocyclic chemistry merits further investigation.
Optimization theory fails to predict performance of pigeons in a two-response situation

Optimization theory states that organisms behave in a way that maximizes reinforcement or "value." In a two-response situation, pigeons' response proportions approximately equaled reinforcement proportions, even when this behavior pattern substantially decreased the rate of reinforcement. Optimization or reinforcement maximization was not supported as the basic mechanism underlying choice behavior.
Variable geometry cochlear model at low input frequencies: a basis for compensating morphological disorders

The implementation of an algorithm suitable for interactive experimentation with a mathematical model of the cochlea is described. In the model, the cochlea's exterior shell is represented by a surface of revolution. Internally, the cochlea is partitioned symmetrically into two chambers (the scalae) by a midplane representing the basilar membrane with its bony supports together with the "collapsed" cochlear duct (third chamber). The two chambers are filled with a viscous and incompressible fluid and communicate through a small opening (the helicotrema), at the cochlea's apex. The system is driven by the piston-like movement with frequency ω of the stapes at the cochlea's basal end. An isotropic sectorial plate widening toward the apex represents the basilar membrane. Some of the effects of the cochlear duct are considered through a provision for nonzero net pressure at the basilar membrane's apical end. The behavior of this system in the neighborhood of the low-frequency threshold, where the effects of cochlear geometry are most pronounced, is described from the solutions of the equations of motion for ω → 0.
Subthreshold slope reduction of tunneling transistors through deformation potential engineering

The subthreshold slope of a tunneling transistor can be reduced by reducing the effects of thermal vibrations on the band edge energy through a biaxial tensile strain and using a silicon germanium superlattice.
Spinal epidural abscess with gadolinium-enhanced MRI : serial follow-up studies and clinical correlations

We reviewed serial MRI with and without gadolinium-DTPA in eight patients with spinal epidural abscess and correlated the findings and the clinical manifestations. In four patients, diffuse abscesses spanned four vertebral bodies or more; the others had focal abscesses associated with osteomyelitis and/or diskitis. In three of the four patients with diffuse abscesses, MRI (NCMRI) showed diffuse encasement of the subarachnoid space. Contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) demonstrated linear enhancement surrounding unenhanced pus. In the four patients with focal abscesses, CEMR delineated the inflammatory process more clearly than NCMR. On follow-up studies, decrease in abscess size and better visualization of the subarachnoid space correlated with clinical improvement in both diffuse and focal abscesses. Despite clinical improvement, contrast enhancement persisted in the disk or epidural space of three patients, and was thought to represent chronic granulomatous change or postsurgical scar. CEMR is very valvable for the initial diagnosis of an epidural abscess, particularly if it involves lengthy segments. During follow-up, CEMR can document responses to therapy, and provide information for determining appropriate treatment.
Azidoacridines as photoaffinity probes for ionic channels in excitable membranes

Abstract Quinacrine and a photoactivatable congener, quinacrine azide, were applied to the intracellular membrane surface of voltage-clamped squid giant axons using internal perfusion techniques. Both compounds were found to reversibly block voltage-dependent sodium channels under dark conditions. Potassium channels were blocked to a lesser extent. Upon irradiation an irreversible block of sodium channels developed with quinacrine azide, but not with quinacrine. Quinacrine azide may thus represent a class of useful photoaffinity probes of voltage-dependent ionic channels.
Constraint satisfaction and database theory: a tutorial

A large class of problems in AI and other areas of computer science can be viewed as constraint-satisfaction problems. This includes problems in machine vision, belief maintenance, scheduling, temporal reasoning, type reconstruction, graph theory, and satisfiability. In general, the constraint satisfaction-problem is NP-complete, so searching for tractable cases is an active research area. It turns out that constraint satisfaction has an intimate connection with database theory: constraint-satisfaction problems can be recast as database problems and database problems can be recast as constraint-satisfaction problems. In this tutorial, I will cover the fundamentals of constraints satisfaction and describe its intimate relationship with database theory from various perspectives.
Punishment, Treatment and Prison infractions

Abstract Prison disciplinary violations by emotionally disturbed inmates pose delicate management problems when the violations are also symptoms of mental disorder. Results of a questionnaire survey of corrections officers and forensic mental health staff show remarkable convergence in “pathology” ratings assigned to violations committed by prison mental health clients. The data also suggest that corrections officers and mental health staff concur about the need for mental health referrals implicit in the incidents, but occasionally diverge about the appropriateness of disciplinary sanctions. In general, the results confirm that symptoms of severe disturbance are reliably recognized, but suggest that lines may be drawn conservatively in assessing disruptive eccentricity which often reflects incipient or residual emotional problems.
The tridiagonal transportation problem

The Tridiagonal Transportation Problem deals with shipments of goods from n origins to n destination aalong 3n - 2 routes that correspond to the diagonal and off diagonal cells. This paper presents an equivalent Linear Programming Problem with only 2n - 1 decision variables. A greedy algorithm is developed by making simple changes to the right hand side of the L.P. Several extensions are also discussed.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONALLY MODULATED AU-NI THIN FILMS : NANOINDENTATION AND MICROCANTILEVER DEFLECTION EXPERIMENTS

The mechanical properties of compositionally modulated Au-Ni films were investigated by submicrometer depth-sensing indentation and by deflection of micrometer-scale cantilever beams. Films prepared by sputter deposition with composition wavelengths between 0.9 and 4.0 nm were investigated. Strength was found to be high and invariant with composition wavelength. Experimental and data analysis methods were developed to provide more accurate and precise measurements of elastic stiffness. Large enhancements in stiffness (the “supermodulus effect”) were not observed. Rather, relatively small but significant minima were observed at a composition wavelength of about 1.6 nm by both techniques. These variations were found to be strongly correlated with variations in the average lattice parameter normal to the plane of the film. Both structural and mechanical property variations are consistent with a simple model in which the film consists of bulk-like Au and Ni layers with interfaces of constant thickness.
Inhibition of growth of hamster tumor cells in vitro by pyrrolidone carboxylic acid in a glutamine-dependent system.

Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which is formed spontaneously when glutamine is incubated at 37°C in a phosphate or bicarbonate medium, was found to inhibit growth of a line of hamster tumor cells which required glutamine for survival and growth.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Analysis of six years' experience and review of the literature

A six-year series encompassing 1,073 cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at St. Elizabeth Medical Center (SEMC) was analyzed and compared with 13,266 hospital CPR cases in the literature. SEMC had a CPR success rate of 56% and a survival-to-discharge rate of 24%, compared with 39% and 17%, respectively, in the literature. Compared with the anticipated death rate had these patients not undergone CPR, a hospital mortality reduction of over 6% was achieved. Resuscitation was attempted in about 30% of all deaths and in 1% to 1.5% of all admissions. Four or more resuscitation attempts on a patient during a single admission were uniformly associated with fatal outcome. The average age of CPR patients and survivors was 60 years. Half the primary causes were cardiac; one-fourth were pulmonary. CPR success was unaffected by patient location, but most patients initially arrested in the emergency department, which had the best survival to discharge rate. Of CPR patients who were discharged alive, 75% survived for at least one year. Fifty percent were alive after three years, and 20%, after five.
Effects of background cations on the fouling of polyethersulfone membranes by natural organic matter : Experimental and molecular modeling study

Abstract Adsorptive fouling of a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by natural organic matter (NOM) in the presence of common metal cations was investigated with both experimental and computational molecular modeling techniques. NOM, calcium, magnesium and silicon were identified as important foulants through chemical analysis of two Midwestern surface waters. A model feed solution mimicking the lake waters and containing only NOM (Suwannee River NOM) and Ca2+ resulted in a fouling pattern similar to the surface waters; Mg2+ and Na+ caused much lower fouling at the same ionic strength as the calcium solution. Molecular modeling of the model solution allowed detailed probing of the fouling process. This work suggests that divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) may cause membrane fouling not by forming “ionic bridges” between the negatively charged functional groups on membrane surface and the negatively charged functional groups of NOM, but by promoting the aggregation of NOM molecules in solution. The carboxyl groups of NOM strongly associate with the divalent ions, while the sulfonyl groups in the polyethersulfone do not. Although Ca2+ and Mg2+ are both coordinated to the NOM carboxyl groups predominantly by outer-sphere-type complexation, Ca2+ associates with the carboxyl groups more strongly than Mg2+ due to the looser second hydration shell structure of Ca2+. The stronger Ca2+-NOM complexation is also manifested by the decreased mobility (diffusion coefficients) of the Ca2+ bound to the NOM.
Letter: Myosin filaments showing a 430 A axial repeat periodicity.

Abstract Synthetic myosin filaments with regular projections at intervals of 430 A along their entire lengths have been observed using the electron microscope. The filaments were formed following dialysis in or rapid dilution to 0.3 m -KC1, 0.01 m -imidazole or phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. It is suggested that these filaments are made up of myosin molecules staggered by 430 A.
LECTIN-DEFICIENT RICIN TOXIN INTOXICATES CELLS BEARING THE D-MANNOSE RECEPTOR

Ricin toxin with genetic or chemical modification of lectin sites has been previously reported to show markedly reduced cytotoxicity to cells following uptake by several receptors including the mannose receptor. Investigators have hypothesized that an intracellular galactoside-binding function was required for optimal intracellular targeting of ricin for these receptors. We have prepared insect-derived mutant ricin toxin B chain (RTB) with modifications of three lectin side domains (1 alpha, 1 beta, and 2 gamma) yielding a 1000-fold reduced galactoside avidity. After reassociation with plant RTA, the recombinant heterodimer and plant ricin were tested for cytotoxicity on mammalian cells expressing (mouse peritoneal macrophages, J774E cells, and MMR61 cells) or not expressing (KB cells) the D-mannose receptor. Receptor expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Lactose was included in the media to block cell-surface galactoside binding, and mannan was added as a control in each experiment to confirm mannose receptor-specific targeting. Plant ricin A chain (RTA) and E. coli-derived RTA were also tested for cytotoxicity on J774E and KB cells. Both wild-type and lectin-deficient ricin displayed mannose-receptor mediated cell cytotoxicity. This is the first report of a genetically modified ricin showing that RTB intracellular galactose binding activity is not required for ricin cytotoxicity. Sensitivity of mannose-receptor bearing cells, but not control cells, to mannosylated RTA, but not unglycosylated RTA, confirmed these observations. These results imply fusion toxins employing ricin can be prepared with maximal reductions in normal tissue binding.
Direct Writing Of Computer Generated Holograms Using Focused Gas Lasers

This paper describes a procedure which utilizes a focused laser beam to record computer generated holograms. The potential for gray-scaling using this recording scheme is also investigated.
Solubilization and Characterization of a [3H]Hemicholinium‐3 Binding Site in Rat Brain

: A sodium-dependent high-affinity [3H]-hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HCh-3) binding site was solubilized from rat striatal synaptic plasma membranes by 0.2% deoxycholate. Deoxycholate solubilization of the [3H]HCh-3 binding site was dependent upon both detergent concentration and ionic strength of the solubilization medium. Specific [3H]HCh-3 binding to the solubilized preparation was both sodium- and chloride-dependent and saturable, exhibiting an affinity of 14.2 nM and a capacity (Bmax) of 695 fmol/mg protein. Choline and other analogs inhibited specific [3H]HCh-3 binding to the solubilized preparation in a concentration-dependent manner with the similar rank order of potency observed in crude synaptic membranes. Treatments known to disrupt both protein and lipid moieties resulted in diminished specific [3H]HCh-3 binding. These results suggest that the characteristics of the solubilized [3H]HCh-3 binding site are similar to those of the membrane-bound site.
Role of the Lateral Mammillary Nucleus in the Rat Head Direction Circuit: A Combined Single Unit Recording and Lesion Study

Abstract We recorded head direction (HD) cells from the lateral mammillary nucleus (LMN) and anterior thalamus (ATN) of freely behaving rats and also made bilateral lesions of LMN while recording HD cells from ATN. We discovered that the tuning functions of LMN HD cells become narrower during contraversive head turns, but not ipsiversive head turns, compared to when the head is not turning. This narrowing effect does not occur for ATN HD cells. We also found that the HD signal in LMN leads that in ATN by about 15–20 ms. When LMN was lesioned bilaterally, HD cells in ATN immediately lost their directional firing properties and never recovered them. Based on these findings, we argue that LMN may be an essential component of an attractor–integrator network that participates in generating the HD signal.
The diagnosis of chlamydial infection in a cytology laboratory: ten months' experience using immunofluorescence with and without previous cytologic prediction.

A Chlamydiadiagnostic service has been established as part of a cytology laboratory, combining prediction of possible infection by routine cytology with definitive testing by immunofluorescence. The first 10 mo of operation have had good clinician acceptance with 527 specimens submitted and 128 reported as positive (24.3%). Routine cytology was more accurate in predicting chlamydial infection than was clinical evaluation (32.8% of cytologically suspected cases were positive versus 20.2% of clinically suspected cases); however, both failed to identify many infected women. The patient selection for testing must be improved since only about 22% of infected women in our population were tested. Nevertheless, the service identified a large number of patients infected with an important sexually transmitted pathogen. Chlamydial diagnosis has become a major component of the laboratory's workload and has been cost-effective. Diagn Cytopathol.
Comments on "Uncomplicated E coli Urinary Tract Infection in College Women" Keeping Up With Changing Sensitivities

(2005). Comments on 'Uncomplicated E coli Urinary Tract Infection in College Women' Keeping Up With Changing Sensitivities. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 85-86.
AN IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF NATIVE, DENATURED, AND REVERSED SERUM ALBUMIN.

Native and reversed horse serum albumin are indistinguishable when tested immunologically by means of the precipitin reaction.
Emulsion polymerisation in continuous reactor systems

Continuous reactor systems find important applications in the production of sythetic polymer latexes and increased production rates are providing additional incentives for the development of new continuous systems. The fundamental factors that should be considered in the development of continuous processes are reviewed in this paper. Particular emphasis is placed on exploring the differences between batch and continuous reactors and why these difference can lead to different latex product, even if the same recipe is employed. These factors make the task of designing continuous reactor systems based on batch research and development very difficult and risky. Thus it is recommended that small-scale continuous reactors be employed early in a product/process development effort if that effort is likely to lead to a continuous commercial process. The published literature on continuous emulsion polymerization reactors has been reasonably active in the past ten years. Our understanding of the chemistry and reactor modelling has been advanced but a number of areas for fruitful research remains. Some of these problems are reviewed and directions for new efforts are suggested.
XPS investigation of anodic oxides grown on p-type InP

Chemical composition of anodic oxides grown on lightly doped p-type InP have been investigated by XPS. Anodization was performed in the constant current density (Jc) mode using an ortho-phosphoric acid solution mixed with acetonitrile (ACN). The electrolyte was chosen after experimentation on the effect of the anodization parameters (electrolyte, viscosity of the electrolyte and pH, Jc and illumination level) and annealing conditions on the uniformity and stability of the oxide and the contamination level, as determined by SEM/EDAX, SIMS and XPS. Based on our XPS investigation, it appears that the inhomogeneity with depth of the anodic oxides grown on p-type InP is strongly dependent on the growth conditions. Depending on the anodization procedure, the anodic oxide appears complex and the presence of In(OH)3, In2O3, InPO4, In(PO3)3, In(PO3)4 and other non-stoichiometric In(POy)x compounds have been identified. Depending on the anodization conditions, it appears that both amorphous and crystalline phosphorus-rich condensed phosphates, of interest for surface passivation of InP, can be grown on p-type InP.
Translating novel engineering concepts into biomedical research programs and clinical medicine

Translational research embodies the concept of moving the application of novel hypotheses, technologies, and methodologies from the bench to the bedside, bedside to community, and community to the health policy arena to effect beneficial change in patient care, health care costs and outcomes, and to improve the public health. Successful translational research in medicine and biology seeks to leverage the innovation that occurs at the interface between disparate scientific disciplines and translate it into new technologies for novel clinical applications and practice. Science occurring at the interface between disciplines brings researchers together to create new scientific approaches to traditional problems. Not uncommonly, it is the technology that drives the process, often in a non-linear fashion and in unforeseen directions. Successful collaborations may hinge upon letting go of one's field of interest to pursue innovation in another. Success in this area is often achieved by building and funding diverse research teams and letting them innovate freely. In my presentation, I will give the audience an overview of my experiences in the development, funding, and challenges of building a diverse portfolio of translational research programs addressing a broad spectrum of medical and public health problems. These include: tissue engineering and genomics approaches to understanding and modulating aging and injury responses in the eye, telemedicine, the application of novel image analysis methods to the development of web-based, automated, population screening and management of diabetic retinopathy in underserved populations and for national clinical trials and nanotechnology applying novel biomaterials, and carbon nanofiber electrochemical sensors, to improve clinical medicine and surgery through novel ocular surgical instrument designs and nanofabrication techniques. These programs have earned the support of diverse governmental and non-governmental funding agencies including the National Eye Institute, the United States Army, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, HRSA, the pharmaceutical industry, and several private philanthropies. Finally, I will touch upon key features of successful translational teams including mentorship, identification of continuing resources to sustain progress and grantsmanship.
Intelligent power- and performance-aware tradeoffs for multicore servers in cloud data centers

Cloud service providers are seeking new solutions for reducing the energy consumption in their data centers. Our work in developing middleware that is integrated with a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) to lower the energy consumption while maximizing the performance of or minimizing the service level agreement (SLA) violations for applications. To that end our solution leverages techniques such as Dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS) and server consolidation through live migration of virtual machines from an overloaded host machine to a less-loaded one.
Minimal scar repair of unilateral cleft lip.

Background Most conventional repairs for unilateral cleft lip are based on the notion that the two joined edges of skin should be the same length. To this end, they incorporate designs that include darts, cutbacks, rotation flaps, and other strategies to match the length of the two segments. As unequal skin edges are routinely joined surgically, it should be unnecessary to incorporate maneuvers in unilateral cleft lip repair to match the segment lengths. A repair that places the scar along the philtral ridge was developed. This eliminates scars that deviate from the aesthetic subunits. Methods Since 1982, a procedure has been used for unilateral cleft lip repair that incorporates the Kernahan functional muscle repair with a vertical skin closure, a white roll flap, and a dart at the nasal sill. The results of this lip repair, which does not intentionally match the segment lengths, are reviewed. Photographs of 10 consecutive patients who had their unilateral cleft lips repaired with this technique are presented for critical analysis. The mean age at operation was 15.4 weeks (range, 8 to 30 weeks). The mean postoperative period for the presented photographs was 66 months (range, 31 to 87 months). All of the patients healed without complications, and no revisions were performed. Results Preoperative and postoperative photographs of 10 consecutive patients demonstrate that normal lip length can be achieved without scars outside of the aesthetic subunits of the lip. Conclusion The unilateral cleft lip deformity is repairable, with excellent results, without incorporating maneuvers to match the lengths of the opposing cut edges.
MolhadoRef: a refactoring-aware infrastructure for OO programs

Refactoring tools allow programmers to change source code much quicker than before. However, the complexity of these changes cause versioning tools that operate at a file level to lose the history of components. This problem can be solved by semantic, operation-based SCM with persistent IDs. We propose that versioning tools be aware of the program entities and the refactoring operations. MolhadoRef uses these techniques to ensure that it never loses history.
Process for Selecting Innovative Quality Assurance Practices for Materials

A process used in California to evaluate and implement innovative quality assurance practices for materials is described. The process involves three distinct phases: an audit of current practice, a structured evaluation of innovative practices, and the planned development of a materials management system (MMS). More than 1,600 performance elements were identified and categorized by material type. The quality assurance practice for each element was documented, and an assessment was made of its criticality on the basis of the consequence of failure. Testing and inspection workload for each materials category is determined through workload standards, sampling frequencies, and bid quantities. Analyses of these data reveal that testing and inspection costs are higher, dollar for dollar, for materials whose consequence of failure is low. This suggests that innovative practices such as quality control-quality assurance (QC/QA), pre- or postqualification of bidders, and warranties should be considered seriously for these materials. Evaluation of recent QC/QA projects indicates that adoption of innovative practices may not save dollars in the short term, but it can free resources for redirection to more critical needs and may provide higher quality work. The structured evaluation process used to assess the appropriateness of 18 primary and 11 supporting quality assurance options by performance element is described, and tables detail the decision logic used. Many of these options rely on an effective method for storing materials test information and tracking contractor and producer compliance. Design considerations for an MMS capable of providing this ability are discussed.
Influence of protein concentration on the sulphur‐containing amino acid requirement of broiler chickens 1

Abstract 1. Two experiments were conducted with male broiler chickens from 3 to 6 weeks of age to determine the effect of dietary protein content on the requirement for sulphur amino acids (SAA). In experiment 1, 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 g DL‐methionine/kg were added to diets calculated to contain 200, 240 or 280 g protein/kg. In experiment 2, 0, 0.6, 1.2 or 1.8 g DL‐methionine/kg were added to diets calculated to contain 160, 180 or 200 g protein/kg. 2. In experiment 1, the SAA requirement for body weight gain increased as dietary protein content increased. Regression analysis indicated a requirement of 38 g SAA/kg protein. 3. In experiment 2 in which lysine supplementation provided a minimum of 10 g/kg, the requirement for SAA per unit of diet increased only slightly as protein concentration increased indicating that below 200 g protein/kg of diet, the SAA requirement increases per unit of protein with supplementation of the second‐limiting amino acid. 4. Abdominal fat percentage declined in a linear manner w...
The Grief Account: Dimensions of a Contemporary Bereavement Genre.

The genre of the grief account is identified to include published narratives of surviving grief. Thematic analysis of Andrew Holleran's (2006) Grief: A Novel, Lolly Winston's (2004) Good Grief: A Novel, Joan Didion's (2005) The Year of Magical Thinking, and J. Canfield and M. V. Hansen's (2003) Chicken Soup for the Grieving Soul: Stories About Life, Death and Overcoming the Loss of a Loved One is informed by recent scholarship regarding eulogies and illness and dying narratives. Six dimensions (restorative, evaluative, interpretive, affirmative, affective, transformative) of contemporary grief accounts are recognized as sources of inspiration for the practice and experience of bereavement.
A computer method for analysis of radioactivity data from single and double labeled experiments.

Abstract A generally applicable program has been devised for the machine processing and plotting of radioactivity data. The program can be used with single or double labeled experiments; it includes numerous options which increase its flexibility and facilitate optimization of data presentation.