cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic strain induces proliferation of cultured embryonic heart cells

Embryonic heart cells undergo cyclic strain as the developing heart circulates blood to the embryo. Cyclic strain may have an important regulatory role in formation of the adult structure. This study examines the feasibility of a computerized cell-stretching device for applying strain to embryonic cardiocytes to allow measurement of the cellular response. A primary coculture of myocytes and a secondary culture of nonmyocytes from stage-31 (7 d) embryonic chick hearts were grown on collagen-coated membranes that were subsequently strained at 2 Hz to 20% maximal radial strain. After 24 h, total cell number increased by 37+/-6% in myocyte cocultures and by 26+/-6% in nonmyocyte cultures over unstrained controls. Lactate dehydrogenase and apoptosis assays showed no significant differences in cell viabilities between strained and unstrained cells. After 2 h strain, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was 38+/-1.2% versus 19+/-0.2% (P < 0.01) in strained versus unstrained myocyte cocultures, and 35+/-2.1% versus 16+/-0.2% (P = 0.01) in nonmyocyte cultures. MF20 antibody labeling and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining estimated the number of myocytes in strained wells as 50-67% larger than in control wells. Tyrosine phosphorylation may play a role in the cellular response to strain, as Western blot analysis showed an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of two proteins with approximate molecular weights of 63 and 150 kDa within 2 min of strain. The results of this study indicate that embryonic chick cardiocytes can be cultured in an active mechanical environment without significant detachment and damage and that increased proliferation may be a primary response to strain.
Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction from Receptor Kinases to Transcription Factors

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-promoting steroid hormones in plants. Genetic studies in Arabidopsis illustrated the essential roles of BRs in a wide range of developmental processes and helped identify many genes involved in BR biosynthesis and signal transduction. Recently, proteomic studies identified missing links. Together, these approaches established the BR signal transduction cascade, which includes BR perception by the BRI1 receptor kinase at the cell surface, activation of BRI1/BAK1 kinase complex by transphosphorylation, subsequent phosphorylation of the BSK kinases, activation of the BSU1 phosphatase, dephosphorylation and inactivation of the BIN2 kinase, and accumulation of unphosphorylated BZR transcription factors in the nucleus. Mass spectrometric analyses are providing detailed information on the phosphorylation events involved in each step of signal relay. Thus, the BR signaling pathway provides a paradigm for understanding receptor kinase–mediated signal transduction as well as tools ...
An experimental investigation of the effects of racial prejudice and racial perception upon communication effectiveness

Based on a rationale that previous research has assumed prejudice to be uni‐dimensional as opposed to being multi‐factored, it was hypothesized that different factors of prejudice would have different effects upon opinion change. Using general attitudes toward Blacks, attitudes toward the stereo‐typing of Blacks, the equality of Blacks, intimate social relationships with Blacks, and perception of the experimental communicator as racially Black or white as predictors of opinion change and behavioral response, it was found that only attitudes toward intimate social relationships with Blacks could significantly predict opinion change as advocated by a perceived Black communicator. This finding was suggested to be indicative of contemporary prejudice patterns in individuals who may be non‐prejudiced about some aspects of alien‐ethnic groups but who are in truth prejudiced in regard to intimate social relationships with those same alien‐ethnic groups.
Novel Phr1 mutations and the evolution of phenol reaction variation in US weedy rice (Oryza sativa)

*Red rice, a major agricultural weed, is phenotypically diverse and possesses traits that are similar to both wild and cultivated rice. The genetic resources available for rice make it possible to examine the molecular basis and evolution of traits characterizing this weed. Here, we assess the phenol reaction - a classical trait for distinguishing among cultivated rice varieties - in red rice at the phenotypic and molecular levels. *We phenotyped more than 100 US weed samples for the phenol reaction and sequenced the underlying Phr1 locus in a subset of samples. Data were analyzed in combination with previously published Phr1 data for cultivated rice. *Most weed accessions (96.3%) are positive for the phenol reaction, and samples with a negative response carry loss-of-function alleles that are rare or heretofore undocumented. One such allele may have evolved through mutational convergence of a 1-bp frameshift insertion. Haplotype sharing between red rice and US cultivars suggests occasional crop-weed hybridization. *Our discovery of previously undocumented nonfunctional phr1 alleles suggests that there are likely to be other loss-of-function mutations segregating in Oryza sativa around the world. Red rice may provide a useful study system for understanding the adaptive significance of Phr1 variation in agricultural settings.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CARPOSPOROGENESIS IN THE MARINE HEMIPARASITIC RED ALGA ERYTHROCYSTIS SACCATA1

SUMMARY The ultrastructure of carposporogenesis for Erythrocystis saccata is described. The fusion and gonimoblast cells contain few organelles, and chloroplasts are in a proplastid state, with pit plugs between gonimoblast cells dissolving early in development. Carpospore development may be separated into 3 stages, the first stage being characterized by the appearance of straight-profiled dictyosomes, fibrous vesicles, and an increase of discoid thylakoids within the chloroplasts. During the second, stage the dictyosomes assume a curved profile and striped vesicles are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum. The third stage is initiated by the disappearance of striped vesicles and the appearance of straight-profiled dictyosomes secreting vesicles with cores. Mature carpospores consist of many cored vesicles, fibrous vesicles, and floridean starch grains. A single wall layer surrounds each carpospore since the carposporangial wall becomes incorporated into a mucilaginous matrix surrounding the spores.
The effects of UV-B stress on the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots.

In nature, plants generate protective secondary metabolites in response to environmental stresses. Such metabolites include terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), which absorb UV-B light and serve putatively to protect the plant from harmful radiation. Catharanthus roseus plants, multiple shoot cultures, and cell suspension cultures exposed to UV-B light show significant increases in the production of TIAs, including precursors to vinblastine and vincristine, which have proven effective in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, the effect of UV-B light on C. roseus hairy roots was examined. Analysis of alkaloid concentrations up to 168 h after UV-B exposure shows significant increases in the concentrations of lochnericine and significant decreases in the concentration of horhammericine over time (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Our results also indicate that increasing UV-B exposure time up to 20 min caused significant increases in lochnericine, serpentine, and ajmalicine and a decrease in horhammericine (t-test, p < 0.05).
Population Genomics and Transcriptional Consequences of Regulatory Motif Variation in Globally Diverse Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains

Noncoding genetic variation is known to significantly influence gene expression levels in a growing number of specific cases; however, the patterns of genome-wide noncoding variation present within populations, the evolutionary forces acting on noncoding variants, and the relative effects of regulatory polymorphisms on transcript abundance are not well characterized. Here, we address these questions by analyzing patterns of regulatory variation in motifs for 177 DNA binding proteins in 37 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Between S. cerevisiae strains, we found considerable polymorphism in regulatory motifs across strains (mean π = 0.005) as well as diversity in regulatory motifs (mean 0.91 motifs differences per regulatory region). Population genetics analyses reveal that motifs are under purifying selection, and there is considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude of selection across different motifs. Finally, we obtained RNA-Seq data in 22 strains and identified 49 polymorphic DNA sequence motifs in 30 distinct genes that are significantly associated with transcriptional differences between strains. In 22 of these genes, there was a single polymorphic motif associated with expression in the upstream region. Our results provide comprehensive insights into the evolutionary trajectory of regulatory variation in yeast and the characteristics of a compendium of regulatory alleles.
Fibrin solubilizing properties of certain anionic and cationic detergents

Abstract The fibrinolytic (fibrin dissolving) properties of several anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic detergents were assessed in an in vitro fibrin agarose assay. Of the 4 anionic detergents tested, only sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was found to be fibrinolytic. SDS was fibrinolytic either in the absence or presence of factor XIII. Four other cationic detergents were found to possess similar fibrinolytic properties. These cationic detergents were cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), mix alkyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (MTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) and cetylpyridium chloride (CPC). The nonionic (digitonin, triton X-100/tween 20) and zeitterionic (CHAPS, zeittergent 3–08) detergents were not fibrinolytic. Detergents mediated fibrinolysis, unlike that of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase, was independent of the presence of plasminogen. Non-detergents such as polyethylene glycol and highly charged compounds such as poly-l-lysine and poly-l-glutamic acid were not fibrinolytic. Fibrinolytic activity was observed for SDS and the cationic detergents at concentrations ranging from 0.1–10 percent. The effects of these fibrinolytic detergents (SDS, CTAB, MTAB, HTAB and CPC) on clot formation and on pre-formed clots were then assessed, using freshly drawn human venous blood. Incorporation of these detergents into blood inhibited the formation of clots in a concentration dependent manner. The detergents were also able to dissolve pre-formed clots in a similar fashion. SDS was found to be most potent in these properties.
Reversal of diuretic-induced secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia by trilostane, an inhibitor of adrenal steroidogenesis

Correction of diuretic-induced hypokalemia is usually accomplished by potassium supplementation or antagonism of aldosterone's renal action. This study sought to determine if inhibition of aldosterone biosynthesis could reverse diuretic-induced hypokalemia and whether trilostane would be clinically useful in this regard. Essential hypertensives (n = 22) were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50 mg/d, and patients who became hypokalemic were randomly assigned to receive in addition to HCTZ either a placebo (n = 7), trilostane 240 mg/d (Trilo 240) (n = 7), or trilostane 60 mg/d (Trilo 60) (n = 3). Following 12 weeks of therapy the placebo patients remained hypokalemic with hyperaldosteronism, while the patients who received Trilo 240 had a correction of hypokalemia and hyperaldosteronism (P less than .05) along with a reduction in diastolic blood pressure (P less than .05). The Trilo 60 patients, however, remained hypokalemic with no significant reduction in aldosterone excretion or blood pressure compared with HCTZ. Body weight and urinary free cortisol levels along with routine biochemical tests were unchanged during this study. Three Trilo 240 patients developed diarrhea but did not discontinue the study. These results demonstrate that trilostane can correct diuretic-induced hypokalemia by lowering aldosterone secretion. Furthermore, this reduction in aldosterone may enhance the antihypertensive effects of diuretic therapy.
A Nonlinear Multiregression Model Based on the Choquet Integral with a Quadratic Core

Signed efficiency measures with relevant nonlinear integrals can be used to treat data that have strong interaction among contributions from various attributes towards a certain objective attribute. The Choquet integral is the most common nonlinear integral. The nonlinear multiregression based on the Choquet integral can well describe the nonlinear relation how the objective attribute depends on the predictive attributes. This research is to extend the nonlinear multiregression model from using a linear core to adopting a quadratic core in the Choquet integral. It can describe some more complex interaction among attributes and, therefore, can significantly improve the accuracy of nonlinear multiregression. The unknown parameters of the model involve the coefficients in the quadratic core and the values of the signed efficiency measure. They should be optimally determined via a genetic algorithm based on the given data. The results of the new model are compared with that of the linear core as well as the classic linear multiregression that can be solved by an algebraic method.
Stability and performance of continuous-flow based distributed real-time production control policies under bounded variability

In a recent work Sharifnia considered distributed tracking policies, for real-time production control of manufacturing systems, that are guided by the solution of a continuous-flow relaxation model of the system. This model can be solved efficiently, and its solution provides production target (reference) trajectories, for individual operations, to be tracked in a distributed way over time. A sufficient stability condition and tracking error bounds were found for a large class of distributed tracking policies called "nonidling-nonexceeding (NINE)". In that work it was assumed that operations processing times and machines availabilities are deterministic and constant. In this paper we investigate the stability and performance of NINE policies in cases where these quantities may have a bounded cumulative variability. Our main result is that the condition for stability remains the same as in the case with no variability, but the tracking error bounds degrade in the presence of variability. >
DEMONSTRATING DEMING'S kp RULE USING AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF THE CSP-1

[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] The CSP-1 is a popular method for performing outgoing inspection for production processes that produce items on a continuous basis. An economic model of CSP-1 behavior is developed. In constructi..
Flip-Mirror-Rotate: An Architecture for Bit-write Reduction and Wear Leveling in Non-volatile Memories

This paper proposes Flip-Mirror-Rotate (FMR), an architecture for bit-write reduction and endurance enhancement in emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs). FMR comprises three components: adaptive Flip-N-Write (aFNW), Mirror-N-Write (MNW), and Rotate-N-Write (RNW). aFNW and MNW focus on word-level bit-write reduction, which reduces NVM dynamic energy while also improving endurance. RNW is an intra-word wear leveling scheme that operates at cache line granularity. The proposed FMR architecture is integrated with frequent pattern compression (FPC) to simultaneously reduce bit-writes and wear in NVMs. Trace-based simulations of the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks show that for the same memory overhead and
The Algebraic Structure of Variance Components

We now begin the return to our statistical origins, by applying the algebraic techniques of the last two chapters to our variance component problem. Thus after showing that the space of optimal kernels is, in the kurtosis zero case, a semisimple Jordan algebra, we can invoke the First and Second Structure Theorems of Chapter 8, and this in turn will have purely statistical consequences as shown in Chapter 10. We also briefly examine when a member of the space of optimal estimates is an invariant UMVUE.
“Our Leaders Are Just We Ourself”: Black Women College Student Leaders’ Experiences With Oppression and Sources of Nourishment on a Predominantly White College Campus

This article offers a theoretical analysis and phenomenological study of the leadership experiences of black women college students at a predominantly white higher education institution. Existing literature argues that leadership development is vital to the college experience as an opportunity to empower and engage students in social change. However, the implementation of these leadership development models fail to consider how the racial and gender identities of students influence leadership development or student peer interactions (Byrd, 2009; Kezar & Moriarty, 2000). Through black feminist standpoint theory, I present a theoretical framework that highlights the historical traditions of black women's leadership. These historical traditions grounded my qualitative study, which explores the experiences of contemporary black women's student leadership. Participants reported interpersonal interactions with oppression, more specifically: stereotypes, microaggressions, racialized and gendered self-presentatio...
Measuring the impact of reservation gaming revenues on native american education achievement

The passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 has allowed Native American tribes a new form of revenue generation. This new source of revenue facilitates entry into the U.S. political system and furthers the attainment of self-governance and economic development goals on reservations as demonstrated through educational achievement. While several works exist regarding benefits reaped by indigenous populations in the United States as a whole, the academic literature regarding the impact of reservation gaming on educational achievement is sorely lacking for Arizona. This study evaluates the role of Indian gaming revenue as a catalyst for self-governance, by answering the question: has the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 made a difference in educational achievement for Native American tribes in the State of Arizona? The outcomes of this study will prove beneficial to Public Administration as evidence of the impacts of reservation gaming and its consequent policy externalities will enhance policy makers’ ability to implement and maintain an effective policy regarding Native American education achievement.
Should the Rooster Guard the Henhouse: Evaluating the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980

This article critically examines the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980, questioning the procedural mechanism in place at the federal level to address judicial misconduct. The article proposes that the current process of receiving, reviewing, and investigating judicial misconduct complaints should be amended by incorporating an initial evaluation of complaints by a magistrate judge.
Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention in Long-Term Care Settings: New Strategies to Prevent Resistant Organisms

Many studies worldwide confirm that antibiotic use is common in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Some of that antibiotic use is inappropriate and may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Inappropriate use may be characterized as antibiotic treatment of clinical syndromes that are not infectious, infectious conditions that do not respond to antibiotics, and prolonged duration. Additionally, better antibiotic choices should have been made or insufficient clinical evidence was present to start an antibiotic. National and international action plans are under development to curtail unnecessary antibiotic use throughout the healthcare continuum including LTCF. While the optimal strategies to curtail antibiotic use in LTCF have not been defined, there are a number of approaches that can help nursing homes monitor their antibiotic usage, recognize problem areas, and develop and implement quality improvement initiatives.
Release of receptor-bound estradiol by heparin or dextran sulfate in combination with tetracaine.

AbstractThe rapid release of 3 H-estradiol from estrogen-receptor complexes at 0°C is implemented by combinations of the local anesthetic tetracaine and certain sulfated polysaccharides. The simultaneous presence of both classes of compounds was found necessary for the displacement of 3 H-estradiol to occur. A limited survey of some sulfated polysaccharides and other anionic compounds for their ability to synergize with tetracaine revealed a specificity for the charge-carrying polysaccharide. The present data support the view that the cooperative interaction of sulfated polysaccharides and certain charged hydrophobic compounds with estrogen receptors determines the ability of the receptors to bind estradiol.
Guidelines for the Design and Conduct of AIDS Clinical Trials

The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) is a large consortium whose members perform clinical trials and other studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and directed by NIAID's Division of AIDS (DAIDS). The ACTG has experienced enormous growth since its inception in 1986, with 47 separate units at 150 sites now operational and over 200 protocols completed or in progress.
A New Species of Haplidus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Male .—Narrow, elongate, shining, brunneus, head darker, pubescence short, recumbent, interspersed with longer scattered flying hairs. Head including eyes wider than prothorax; front vertical, with median sulcus, rugose; eyes large, coarsely granulate, emarginate; antennae slender, extending two joints beyond apices of elytra, scape stout, second joint somewhat longer than wide, third joint longer than scape, fourth joint shorter than third, fifth joint longer than fourth, sixth and seventh joints length of fifth, eighth, ninth and tenth joints equal, each slightly shorter than seventh, eleventh joint longest; palpi subequal, slender, last joint cylindrical.
Narrative Highground: The Failure of Intervention as a Procedural Device in Affirmative Action Litigation

This article examines the history of intervention in higher education affirmative action cases from Bakke to the recent Michigan affirmative action cases, Grutter and Gratz. The article focuses on the efforts of minority students to become intervenors in these cases, and to persuade the courts to adopt their unique narrative in support of race conscious admissions programs. The minority student intervenors in these cases have consistently put fourth a unique narrative, namely the position that race conscious admissions policies are primarily justified by past societal discrimination and racial discrimination at the university level. Intervention, a procedural tool traditionally utilized for transforming the litigation process from solely a bipolar conflict, to a process that acknowledges and protects third party interests, has failed minority intervenors in these affirmative action cases.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

A 17-month-old boy with HZO and delayed contralateral hemiparesis following intrauterine varicella exposure is reported from the Dept of Neurology, Univ Texas Med Sch, Houston, TX.
Acute Confusional Migraine

Of 76 children admitted with migraine between 1982 and 1990, 13 had a discharge diagnosis of confusional migraine at British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
A Balancing Act School Budgeting and Resource Allocation on a New Dual Language Campus

Dual language instructional models have great potential to create inclusive learning environments for traditional under-served students and boost student outcomes. However, principals face many bar...
Das Aussagensystem der Wissenschaftstheorie

Die Darstellung des wissenschaftstheoretischen Aussagensystems erfordert die Bezugnahme auf die wissenschaftliche Zielsetzung. Hierbei wird der Unterteilung in ein theoretisches (realanalytisches) und pragmatisches (operationsanalytisches) Wissenschaftsziel gefolgt. Die Erreichung dieser Ziele erfordert eine Klarung der auftretenden sprachlichen und begrifflichen Probleme und die Ableitung adaquater Aussagen- oder Satzsysteme. Im wesentlichen handelt es sich um singulare oder Individualsatze und universale Satze oder Gesetze, die im Rahmen von empirisch-kognitiven Satzsystemen (Realtheorien) oder logisch-analytischen Satzsystemen (Idealtheorien) Verwendung finden.
Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Semantic Processing in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An ERP Study

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience difficulties with language, particularly higher-level functions like semantic integration. Yet some studies indicate that semantic processing of non-linguistic stimuli is not impaired, suggesting a language-specific deficit in semantic processing. Using a semantic priming task, we compared event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to lexico-semantic processing (written words) and visuo-semantic processing (pictures) in adults with ASD and adults with typical development (TD). The ASD group showed successful lexico-semantic and visuo-semantic processing, indicated by similar N400 effects between groups for word and picture stimuli. However, differences in N400 latency and topography in word conditions suggested different lexico-semantic processing mechanisms: an expectancy-based strategy for the TD group but a controlled post-lexical integration strategy for the ASD group.
Woody biochar's greenhouse gas mitigation potential across fertilized and unfertilized agricultural soils and soil moisture regimes

Biochar has been widely researched as an important technology for climate smart agriculture yet work is still necessary to identify the magnitude of potential greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and mechanisms involved. This study measured slow-pyrolysis wood-derived biochar's impact on GHG efflux, mineral N dynamics and soil organic C in a series of two incubations across fertilized and unfertilized agricultural soils and soil moisture regimes. This research explored the magnitude of biochar's full GHG mitigation potential and drivers of such impacts. Results of this incubation indicate slow-pyrolysis wood-derived biochar has potential to provide annual emission reductions of 0.58 to 1.72 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 at a 25 Mg ha−1 biochar application rate. The greatest GHG mitigation potential was from C sequestration and nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction in mineral N fertilized soils, with minimal impacts on N2O emissions in unfertilized soils, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and methane (CH4) uptake. Analysis of mineral N dynamics in the bulk soil and on biochar isolates indicated that neither biochar impacts on net mineralization and nitrification nor retention of ammonium (NH4+) on biochar isolates could explain biochar's N2O reduction. Instead, biochar amendments exhibited consistent N2O emission reductions relative to the N2O emission in the control soil regardless of soil type and fertilization. Results across a soil moisture gradient suggest that woody biochar may aerate soils shifting redox conditions and subsequent N2O production. Understanding the magnitude of biochar's GHG reduction potential and the mechanisms driving these effects can help inform biochar modeling efforts, explain field results and identify agricultural applications that maximize biochar's full GHG mitigation potential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Using a Recommendation System to Support Problem Solving and Case-Based Reasoning Retrieval

In case library learning environments, learners are presented with an array of narratives that can be used to guide their problem solving. However, according to theorists, learners struggle to identify and retrieve the optimal case to solve a new problem. Given the challenges novice face during case retrieval, recommender systems can be embedded in case libraries to support the decision-making process about which case is most relevant to solve new problems. This emerging technology reports how experts’ assessment of case relevancy was used to retrieve and suggest the most relevant cases for the learner as they engaged in an inquiry-based learning. Specifically, our case library learning system integrates a content-based filtering, which recommends items similar to those a user has selected based on item descriptions or other user data, and is most widely used in textual domains. Implications for practice are also discussed.
Gold Country: the politics of landscape in exurban El Dorado County, California

Low-density exurban landscapes threaten ecosystems and pose challenges for urban and regional planning, especially in nations with relatively weak rural land use regulation like the United States. Growth management efforts in such areas have generally been difficult due to strong pro-development forces and cultures of landowner rights. This article explores the political ecology of planning in one such exurban place, El Dorado County in the Sierra Nevada foothills east of Sacramento, California. Through review of historical documents, news articles, over a dozen interviews with knowledgeable local actors, and GIS analysis of growth patterns, we discuss how a demobilization of local planning develops through dynamics of power, fear, distrust, and antagonism. We explore some possible strategies for developing stronger local planning mechanisms, including more collaborative planning, better articulation of alternative growth models, and strengthened state and regional planning frameworks. Keywords: Exurbia, political ecology, urban planning, landscape, cultural geography, California.
ANOMALOUS LEFT CORONARY ARTERY PRESENTING WITH SYNCOPE AND AVR ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION

Anomalous coronary morphologies present uncommon electrocardiographic and clinical presentations that warrant urgent diagnostics and interventions. A 15-year-old male experienced his first syncopal event after running a 400-meter race. After a minute of unconsciousness, emergency services brought
Inflammation, Pituitary Gland: Rat, Mouse, and Hamster

Inflammatory cell infiltrations of the pituitary gland, by extension from the meninges, usually produce no gross alterations; pituitary gland involvement in these cases is detected by histopathologic examination. Severe, suppurative inflammation leading to abscess formation may produce enlargement and distortion of the gland, however.
Empiricism and Abstract Entities

If our language did not contain the words ‘particular,’ ‘quality,’ ‘relation,’ ‘universal,’ ‘proposition,’ and ‘entity,’ we could not make such statements as ‘There are particulars,’ ‘There are universals,’ and ‘There are entities.’ For that matter, if our language didn’t contain the word ‘river,’ we couldn’t say ‘There are rivers.’ In the latter case, however, we know that even if our language happened not to contain the word ‘river,’ it does contain resources which permit the formulation of There are rivers in other terms. The question thus arises. What are the resources which are tapped by the former, and philosophically more exciting, statements?
Analysis of zidovudine distribution to specific regions in rabbit brain using microdialysis.

The distribution of zidovudine (3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine; AZT) into two regions of rabbit brain was investigated in crossover using microdialysis. Six rabbits had guide cannulas surgically implanted in the lateral ventricle and thalamus by stereotaxic placement. After recovery, microdialysis probes were positioned and i.v. bolus doses of 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg were administered to each animal over a period of 2 weeks. Blood was drawn via a marginal ear vein catheter for 8 hr. Brain dialysate was collected at 3 µl/min from ventricle and thalamus dialysis probes every 10 min. Simulated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to which 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (AZdU) was added, was used as perfusate. AZdU loss, which was measured during simultaneous retrodialysis, served as a marker for in vivo recovery of AZT. AZT concentrations in plasma, as well as in ventricle and thalamus dialysate, were determined using a sensitive HPLC assay, and AZdU was simultaneously analyzed in the dialysates. Calculation of in vivo recovery of AZT was based on loss of AZdU from the perfusate during retrodialysis and was used to estimate the concentration of drug at both sites in the brain. In vitro loss of AZdU and recovery of AZT showed good agreement, demonstrating a bivariate regression slope of 0.99. The half-lives and AUCs (normalized to dose) achieved in the plasma, ventricle, or thalamus were not significantly different for the four doses. The AUC ratios, which represent the ratio of clearances into and from the CNS, were not significantly different among the doses studied (AUCv/AUCp range, 0.16–0.19; AUCt/AUCp range, 0.05–0.09), providing further evidence that the kinetics of distribution into the thalamus and CSF are linear. The results also demonstrate that the time-averaged concentrations of AZT in thalamus ECF are about half of those in the CSF.
Multi-Band RF Downconversion Over Fiber With a Single Modulator

We present the theory for an experimental verification of a new technique to combine multiple microwave signals populating a wide spectrum into a single, small band for further relay or processing. The method is an extension of well-known RF-over-fiber downconversion techniques but with multiple local oscillators (LOs) to translate widely spaced signals to intermediate frequencies that are within a single, narrower, spectral band. One dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator is used as two parallel phase modulators with the LOs presented to one RF drive and the signals to the other. This parallel arrangement adds, rather than multiplies, the LO tones and signals, eliminating a number of cross-modulation spurs that could otherwise make it very difficult to receive only the signals of interest. We verify the link’s performance by downconverting two widely spaced $K$ -band signals to $C$ -band while simultaneously relaying an existing $C$ -band signal on the same link and demodulating all three signals.
Establishing Outcrop Time Series at Various Depths in a Nonlinear Soil Column: An Iterative Approach

AbstractSeismic soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis of nuclear facilities is an important consideration during design and retrofit. SSI tools used in the nuclear industry are currently based on an equivalent linear (EL) approach. Procedures for developing input ground motion for EL approaches are well established. However, the procedures for establishing input ground motion for nonlinear soil-structure interaction (NLSSI) analysis of nuclear facilities are not well established. A collaborative research group at Idaho National Laboratory has recently developed analytical methods and numerical tools for using NLSSI analysis for nuclear facility seismic calculations. NLSSI analysis for a nuclear facility allows for calculation of seismic wave motion through a near-field soil domain using either (a) vertically propagating shear and compressive waves, which is the current industry practice, or (b) a three-dimensional nonvertical wave field. This technical note presents an iterative procedure for establis...
Membrane estrogen receptor 1 is required for normal reproduction in male and female mice.

Steroid hormones, acting through their cognate nuclear receptors, are critical for many reproductive and non-reproductive functions. Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that in addition to cytoplasmic/nuclear steroid receptors that alter gene transcription when liganded, a small fraction of cellular steroid receptors are localized to the cell membranes, where they mediate rapid steroid hormone effects. 17β-Estradiol (E2), a key steroid hormone for both male and female reproduction, acts predominately through its main receptor, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Most ESR1 is nuclear; however, 5-10 % of ESR1 is localized to the cell membrane after being palmitoylated at cysteine 451 in mice. This review discusses reproductive phenotypes of a newly-developed mouse model with a C451A point mutation that precludes membrane targeting of ESR1. This transgenic mouse, termed the nuclear-only ESR1 (NOER) mouse, shows extensive male and female reproductive abnormalities and infertility despite normally functional nuclear ESR1 (nESR1). These results provide the first in vivo evidence that membrane-initiated E2/ESR1 signaling is required for normal male and female reproductive functions and fertility. Signaling mechanisms for membrane ESR1 (mESR1), as well as how mESR1 works with nESR1 to mediate estrogen effects, are still being established. We discuss some possible mechanisms by which mESR1 might facilitate nESR1 signaling, as well as the emerging evidence that mESR1 might be a major mediator of epigenetic effects of estrogens, which are potentially linked to various adult-onset pathologies.
Spatial memory deficits in mice induced by chemotherapeutic agents are prevented by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

These studies determined whether the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, both of which are approved for the treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, can prevent or reverse spatial memory deficits in mice induced by cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, cytotoxic agents commonly used to treat breast cancer. Female BALB/C mice were trained in the Morris water maze to identify the location of a submerged platform, and, following baseline assessment of spatial memory, received injections of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin once per week for 4 weeks to impair spatial memory. Saline or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were administered daily either concurrent with the chemotherapy injections (prevention) or beginning 1 week following the final chemotherapy injections (reversal), and spatial memory was assessed weekly. Spatial memory declined during and following weekly injections of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, and was unaltered when the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were administered following the manifestation of chemotherapy-induced deficits. In contrast, spatial memory of mice receiving the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors concurrent with chemotherapy did not differ from that at baseline. Results indicate that chemotherapy-induced spatial memory deficits in mice can be prevented, but not reversed by the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors concomitant with chemotherapy, suggesting that these agents should be investigated further for the prevention of chemobrain.
Millennials and Gender in an Era of Growing Inequality

In this paper, we identify and discuss several important themes surrounding gender among millennials in the context of growing inequality covering various topics from college classrooms to cross-na...
Common transcriptome, plasma molecules, and imaging signatures in the aging brain and a Mendelian neurovascular disease, cerebral cavernous malformation

Brain senescence is associated with impaired endothelial barrier function, angiogenic and inflammatory activity, and propensity to brain hemorrhage. The same pathological changes occur in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), a genetic neurovascular anomaly. We hypothesized common transcriptomic and plasma cytokine signatures in the aging brain and CCM. We identified 320 genes [fold change ≥1.5; p < 0.05; false discovery rate (FDR) corrected] commonly dysregulated in the aging brain and CCM. Ontology and pathway analyses of the common differentially expressed genes were related to inflammation and extracellular matrix organization. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein and angiopoietin-2 were significantly greater in older compared to younger healthy non-CCM subjects and were also greater in CCM (Sporadic and Familial) subjects regardless of age (all: p < 0.05; FDR corrected). Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly greater in older compared to younger subjects, in both healthy non-CCM and Sporadic-CCM groups (all: padj < 0.05). Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were also significantly greater in Familial-CCM cases with germ line mutations regardless of age (all: padj < 0.05) compared to both healthy non-CCM and Sporadic-CCM subjects. Brain white matter vascular permeability assessed by MRI followed the same pattern as vascular endothelial growth factor across all groups. In addition, quantitative susceptibility mapping of brain white matter, a measure of iron deposition, was increased in older compared to younger healthy non-CCM subjects. Genetic aberrations, plasma molecules, and imaging biomarkers in a well characterized Mendelian neurovascular disease may also be applicable in the aging brain.
The Rules of Reason: COVID-19, Buchanan, and Hayek

This paper presents a reassessment of the policy measures taken to combat the effects of COVID-19. It addresses the following question: does the threat of pandemic justify the sacrifice of legal and political principles for the sake of expediency? We do so by filtering the unintended consequences of price controls through the lens of constitutional political economy as understood by James Buchanan and F.A. Hayek. We argue that constitutional rules provide rules for reason. The reason for constitutional rules is not only provide constraints on arbitrary discretion, but also to provide the epistemic preconditions that harness and guide the creative powers of individuals required for recovery from pandemic. We illustrate this point by reframing price controls as a violation of the U.S. Constitution, particularly the First Amendment. Thus, if prices are understood to be a form of communication across individuals, then upholding constitutional principles should not be abandoned but reinforced during times of crises.
Bringing Racial Justice to Immigration Law

This article is part of a collection of racial justice articles in national law reviews. From as far back as the anti-Chinese laws of the 1800s, immigration has been a place of racial contestation in the United States. Even though today’s immigration laws are color-blind, their enforcement have unmistakable adverse impacts on people of color from the developing world. The laws, as applied, limit the immigration of people of color to, and facilitates their removal from, the United States. Contemporary immigrant rights activism generated a powerful counter-response led by Donald J. Trump. His administration made aggressive enforcement a priority like no other in modern U.S. history. Exemplified by the administration’s heartless separation of Central American families, race has been central to the U.S. immigration policies and their enforcement. Immigrant demands for racial justice share important commonalities with the goals of the Black Lives Matter movement. Both demand an end to racialized law enforcement and the removal of race from the criminal justice system. Part I of this article maps the discriminatory foundations of immigration law, the lack of constitutional review, and the enduring and impenetrable fortress built by the courts to shield discrimination. Part II considers the surprising emergence of a powerful immigrant rights movement – energized and organized yet handicapped by the fact that noncitizens cannot vote – fighting for racial justice. Part III summarizes the emergence of the Trump administration’s opposition to that movement, which ruthlessly sought to maintain and reinforce the racial caste quality of the immigration system. Part IV considers the uncertain future of the quest to bring racial justice to immigration law.
DOSSIER PRÁCTICAS CORPORALES EN PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA. PERFORMANCES ARGENTINAS EN LA PRIMERA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX

Los estudios culturales abordan las realidades vividas con interes hermeneutico, entrelazando textos culturales y experiencias cotidianas e incluyendo un analisis de como la historia vivida por las personas se relaciona con estructuras historicas, sociales y politicas del poder. En el contexto de perspectivas renovadas en el campo historiografico argentino vinculado a ellos, desde hace aproximadamente tres decadas han comenzado a proliferar estudios vinculados a las practicas corporales, a la historia sociocultural de la medicina, la historia del tiempo libre y de la educacion fisica.
Toxicology of Glutathione Transferases

Ligandin and Glutathione S-Transferases: Historical Milestones, I. Listowsky and I.M. Arias Families of Glutathione Transferases, P. Zimniak and S.P. Singh Mammalian Glutathione S-Transferase Genes: Structure and Regulation, I.R. Jowsey and J.D. Hayes Combinatorial Protein Chemistry in Three Dimensions: A Paradigm for the Evolution of Glutathione Transferases with Novel Activities, Y. Ivarsson and B. Mannervik Substrates and Reaction Mechanisms of GSTs, P. Zimniak Specificity of Glutathione S-Transferases in the Glutathione Conjugation of Carcinogenic Diol Epoxides, H. Xiao and S.V. Singh GST Polymorphism: Where to Now? Clinical Applications and Functional Analysis, S.L. Holley, A.A. Fryer, W. Carroll, P.R. Hoban, and R.C. Strange Glutathione and Glutathione S-Transferases as Targets for Anticancer Drug Development, V.J. Findlay, D.M. Townsend, and K.D. Tew Physiological Substrates of Glutathione S-Transferases, R. Sharma, G.A. Shakeel Ansari, and Y.C. Awasthi Glutathione S-Transferases as Modulators of Signal Transduction, Y. Yang and Y.C. Awasthi Glutathione-Conjugate Transport and Stress-Response Signaling: Role of RLIP76, S.S. Singhal and S. Awasthi Glutathione S-Transferases and Oxidative Injury of Cardiovascular Tissues, Y. Yang and P.J. Boor Mitochondrial Glutathione S-Transferase Pool in Health and Disease, H. Raza and N.G. Avadhani Activation of Microsomal Glutathione Transferase 1 in Toxicology, M. Shimoji, Y. Aniya, and R. Morgenstern Glutathione S-Transferase Isozyme Composition of Human Tissues, S. Dhanani and Y.C. Awasthi Enzymology of Glutathione S-Transferases: Laboratory Methods, S.S. Singhal, K. Drake, S. Yadav, J. Singhal, and S. Awasthi Index
IC engine air/fuel ratio prediction and control using discrete-time nonlinear adaptive techniques

In this paper, simulation results are presented for internal combustion (IC) engine air/fuel ratio (AFR) prediction and control with discrete-time nonlinear adaptive techniques. A crank-angle domain nonlinear engine model is used for the simulations. A feedforward artificial neural network is used as a function approximator for both AFR prediction and control. Least squares and gradient methods are applied to update the parameters of the neural networks for prediction and control, respectively. The control results are compared with a competing nonlinear sliding mode controller. It is shown that the adaptive controller, without the use of the air mass flow rate signal, gives results comparable with the sliding mode controller which uses air mass flow rate measurement.
Symposium: Current Issues in Community Economic Development: Foreword: Entrepreneurship, Race, and the Current Environment for Community Economic Development

On March 30, 2007, the Western New England College School of Law and the School of Business jointly hosted the second annual academic conference on Current Issues in Community Economic Development, sponsored by the Western New England College Law and Business Center for Advancing Entrepreneurship. The Conference promotes the two primary goals of the Law and Business Center: (1) to provide technical legal and business assistance to entrepreneurs and (2) to sponsor educational and outreach events focused on entrepreneurship and economic development. The Law and Business Center is a unique resource in Western Massachusetts. The combination of legal and business expertise sets the Law and Business Center apart, allowing it to provide services that other support organizations are unable to deliver.