cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The post-operative electrocardiogram and creatine kinase: Implications for diagnosis of myocardial infarction after non-cardiac surgery

The objective of this study was to evaluate different approaches to the diagnosis of post-operative myocardial infarction. A total of 232 patients, mostly hypertensive and/or diabetic patients, who were undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery were evaluated pre-operatively. They were followed serially from the day of operation to discharge or the sixth post-operative day with daily clinical evaluations, electrocardiograms, creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes. In total 22% (51/232) of the patients had post-operative ECG changes in two or more leads. Only 1% developed new Q waves; most of the changes involved changes in the T or ST segments. Seventy percent of patients who had changes in their electrocardiogram were completely asymptomatic. The highest risk of ECG changes or symptoms occurred on the day of operation and the first post-operative day; evidence of post-operative infarction was infrequent after the second post-operative day. Creatine kinase levels rose an average of 250-300 IU on the first and second post-operative day (also the peak time for post-operative ECG changes), reducing its utility as an adjunct to the diagnosis of post-operative infarctions. Importantly, 52% (12/23) of the patients who had greater than or equal to 5% MB isoenzyme had neither ECG changes nor symptoms; the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction should not be made in these patients. In summary, most patients who experience ischemia or infarction post-operatively are asymptomatic. Symptoms should not be required for the diagnosis of post-operative infarction. Seemingly minor differences in criteria can produce major discrepancies in post-operative myocardial infarction rates (from 1 to 9%). The development of a final set of criteria will require further study but the diagnosis of post-operative infarction should probably be based on ECG changes, their duration and consistency, and the association of a positive MB fraction.
p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten: reactivity of the calixarene methylene C-H bond and the facile migration of the metal around the phenolic rim of the calixarene.

p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene, [CalixBut(OH)4], reacts with Mo(PMe3)6 and W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H to yield compounds of composition {[CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]M(PMe3)3H2} which exhibit unprecedented use of a C−H bond of a calixarene methylene group as a binding functionality in the form of agostic and alkyl hydride derivatives. Thus, X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that, in the solid state, the molybdenum complex [CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]Mo(PMe3)3H2 exists as an agostic derivative with a Mo···HC interaction, whereas the tungsten complex exists as a metallated trihydride [Calix-HBut(OH)2(O)2]W(PMe3)3H3. Solution 1H NMR spectroscopic studies, however, provide evidence that [Calix-HBut(OH)2(O)2]W(PMe3)3H3 is in equilibrium with its agostic isomer [CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]W(PMe3)3H2. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy also indicates that the [M(PMe3)3H2] fragments of both the molybdenum and tungsten complexes [CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]M(PMe3)3H2 migrate rapidly around the phenolic rim of the calixarene on the NMR time scale, an observation that...
The effect of island density on pit nucleation in In0.27Ga0.73As/GaAs films

Pit nucleation during the growth of In 0.27 Ga 0.73 As/GaAs compressively strained films was investigated under various growth conditions. In this system, pit nucleation occurs after the nucleation of three-dimensional islands, but prior to the formation of surface ripples. Island and pit size, density, area coverage and average separation were measured at various stages during growth. Pits form in regions of high local island density, and significant pit formation is correlated with a critical island separation. These results are interpreted taking into account the adatom concentration on the surface during island growth. It is postulated that adatom depletion in regions where the local island density is high, combined with local strain effects, make areas of high island density favorable sites for pit nucleation.
Proper name classification in an information extraction toolset

Applied discourse analysis is a hot topic in Information Retrieval (IR) and the related field of Information Extraction (IE). Although interesting observations about discourse can be made "by hand," applications require large quantities of data about language --- data which is rather uninteresting. This paper investigates using statistical analysis over a body of text to suggest new rules for recognizing named entities.
Comparison of simultaneous recordings of human colonic contractions by manometry and a barostat

Our hypothesis was that manometry in the colon was less sensitive than the electronic barostat in detection of colonic contractions. In ten healthy volunteers, we have characterised the pressure activity and tone of the colon by means of combined multilumen manometry and a barostatic balloon that was infinitely compliant, conformed to the colon's inner wall, and was clamped at a constant ‘operating’ pressure throughout the study. A computer program separated indices of the colon's motor function detected by the barostat: a baseline volume and phasic volume events. The barostat detects on average 70% more phasic pressure events than manometric sideholes located 2 em proximal to 7 cm distal to the balloon. Manometry becomes less sensitive than the barostat when the colonic diameter exceeds 5.6 em. The barostat detects on average 90% of all propagated and non-propagated (>30 mmHg) manometric peaks. The baseline volume changes significantly after the ingestion of a 1000-kcal meal, consistent with an increment in colonic tone, undetected by manometry. A combined barostat—manometry assembly appears to be preferable to manometry alone in the intraluminal evaluation of human colonic pressure activity and tone.
Stokes flow through a thin screen with patterned holes

Three-dimensional Stokes flow through a thin screen which has a regular array of holes with two orthogonal axes of symmetry has been studied. The governing equation is simplified by the Roscoe potential and solved by an efficient eigenfunction expansion and collocation method. The resistance is found for circular and square holes in square arrays, and circular and hexagonal holes in triangular arrays.
Ca2+-signaling cycle of a membrane-docking C2 domain

The C2 domain is a Ca2+-dependent, membrane-targeting motif originally discovered in protein kinase C and recently identified in numerous eukaryotic signal-transducing proteins, including cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) of the vertebrate inflammation pathway. Intracellular Ca2+ signals recruit the C2 domain of cPLA2 to cellular membranes where the enzymatic domain hydrolyzes specific lipids to release arachidonic acid, thereby initiating the inflammatory response. Equilibrium binding and stopped-flow kinetic experiments reveal that the C2 domain of human cPLA2 binds two Ca2+ ions with positive cooperativity, yielding a conformational change and membrane docking. When Ca2+ is removed, the two Ca2+ ions dissociate rapidly and virtually simultaneously from the isolated domain in solution. In contrast, the Ca2+-binding sites become occluded in the membrane-bound complex such that Ca2+ binding and dissociation are slowed. Dissociation of the two Ca2+ ions from the membrane-bound domain is an ordered sequential process, and release of the domain from the membrane is simultaneous with dissociation of the second ion. Thus, the Ca2+-signaling cycle of the C2 domain passes through an active, membrane-bound state possessing two occluded Ca2+ ions, one of which is essential for maintenance of the protein-membrane complex.
Developmental and Affective Issues in Assessing and Treating Partner Aggression

During the teenage years through the mid twenties, physical aggression against a partner increases, but then it decreases in a fairly steady fashion until at least age 70. Despite this overall downward trend, if physical aggression occurs on different occasions. It becomes quite stable. Variables such as problem drinking, hostility, communication conflicts, and jealousy may help explain the age trends. If male partner aggression persists and escalates, it places the female partner at risk for affective consequences such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, marital discord, physical injury, and suicide. At a minimum, in assessing for a safety plan and interventions, clinicians should address duration, severity, and generality of psychological and physical aggression, level of marital discord, alcohol use, and personality disorders of the aggressor.
Implementation of the 1994 ADA Nutrition Recommendations for inpatients with niddm. Implementation of the 1994 ADA Nutrition Recommendations for Inpatients With NIDDM

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To determine the appropriateness of a flexible meal plan, versus a standard calorie-control meal plan, for patients with NIDDM in an acute care setting. Medical nutrition therapy has moved toward a more flexible and individualized treatment for self-management of diabetes. The calorie-controlled diet has been the standard treatment for patients with diabetes who are acutely ill, A potential disadvantage of the calorie-controlled diet is that it deprives patients of their food preferences at a time when they are acutely ill, have poor appetites and are possibly nutritionally compromised. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of a flexible meal plan, designed around the new nutrition guidelines, for patients with NIDDM in an acute care setting. Differences in blood glucose control, food choices, calorie and macronutrient intakes, and patient satisfaction between hospitalized adult inpatients on the traditional meal plan (n=20) and those on the new meal plan (n=15) were examined. Both groups were provided with selective menus appropriatate for patients with diabetes. The control group (CCM) received the 1986 American Diabetes Association (ADA) exchange-type diet, with calories and macronutrients controlled. The treatment group (GM) received food choices as selected using USDA Dietary Guidelines provided on the menu. Dietary intakes at meals and snacks were observed and recorded. Blood glucose was measured four times daily for three days. Insulin adjustments and other medications were recorded. A patient satisfaction survey was completed. No significant differences were seen between dietary intakes or meal satisfaction. Patients in the GM group received their food as ordered, and most patients in the CCM group required modifications. The new meal plan approach was not associated with deterioration of glycemic control. A decrease in fasting blood glucose values occurred on day 2 in the GM group versus the CCM group (152mg/dL + 17 vs 203mg/dL+14). The GM group received significantly more regular insulin on day 3 and their total insulin amount received, decreased. This study indicates that the more flexible, individualized and self-managed meal planning approach is as effective for patients with NIDDM in an acute care setting as the traditional approach. This new meal plan approach places the locus of control with the patient, allows diabetes educators to apply a problem-solving approach using the general ADA menu as an assessment tool, and is based on flexible food choices resulting in improved diabetes self-management.
Comparison of in vivo and in vitro toxic effects of microcystin-LR in fasted rats

The toxic effects of microcystin-LR, a cyclic heptapeptide isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, were studied in the fasted rat model and in subcellular fractions from fasted, toxin-treated and control rats. Hepatotoxic effects of a lethal dose (100 micrograms/kg) were examined 15-90 min post-injection. Elevations of serum enzymes, particularly sorbitol dehydrogenase, specific for liver mitochondria, correlated with hepatic damage. Electron micrographs showed progressive cellular disruption, including dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, incorporation of cellular components into cytolysosomes, hydropic mitochondria devoid of electron-opaque deposits, loss of desmosome-associated intermediate filaments, disruption of sinusoidal architecture and, ultimately, lysis of hepatocytes. The appearance of hydropic mitochondria correlated with loss of coupled electron transport. Changes in plasma membrane-associated cytoskeletal filaments correlated with loss of desmosome tonofilaments. In contrast to in vivo exposure to microcystin-LR, in vitro exposure to toxin had no effect on mitochondria or cytoskeletal filaments, suggesting that the toxic effects observed in vivo were indirect and may be dependent on bioactivation of the toxin or a cascade of events not supported in in vitro models.
Progestin-facilitated lordosis of hamsters may involve dopamine-like type 1 receptors in the ventral tegmental area

Hamsters are highly-dependent upon the central actions of progesterone (P) to facilitate sexual behavior. P has membrane mechanisms of action in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to facilitate sexual receptivity of rodents. The present experiments examined whether P's membrane actions in the VTA include dopamine (DA) type 1 (D(1)) or dopamine type 2 (D(2)) receptors. Ovariectomized (ovx), estradiol (E(2))- and P-primed hamsters were infused with D(1) (Experiment 1) or D(2) (Experiment 2) antagonists or agonists (0 or 100 ng) to the VTA and tested 30 min later. The D(1) agonist, SKF38393, enhanced P-facilitated lordosis. The D(1) antagonist, SCH23390, attenuated P-facilitated lordosis. The D(2) agonist, quinpirole and the D(2) antagonist, sulpiride, had no significant effects on P-facilitated lordosis. These data suggest that, in hamsters, P's actions for lordosis may involve D(1) receptors in the VTA.
Effect of the Generic Drug Scandal on Determinant Attributes in Pharmacists' Drug Product Choice Decisions: Prescandal and Postscandal Measures

The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of the generic drug scandal on pharmacists' product choice criteria. A study on attributcs that determine pharmacists' choice of multisource products conductcd before the scandal was repeated to examine how pharmacists' perceptions changed after the scandal. Myers and Alpert's determinance model was employed to identify determinant attributes in pharmacists' drug product choice decisions. In the postscandal study, 24 attributes were identified as determinant, including 23 that were identified as determinant in the prescandal study. Perceptions on two attributes changed between the prescandal 'and postscandal periods. However, perceptions on 41 other attributes remained the same, indicating the relative stability of the determinant attributes.
PDGF-BB released in tendon repair using a novel delivery system promotes cell proliferation and collagen remodeling

The purpose of this study was to promote fibroblast proliferation and collagen remodeling in flexor tendon repair through sustained delivery of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The release kinetics of PDGF-BB from a novel fibrin matrix delivery system was initially evaluated in vitro. After the in vivo degradation rate of the fibrin matrix was determined using fluorescently tagged fibrin, PDGF-BB was delivered to the site of flexor tendon repair in vivo in a canine model. The effect of PDGF-BB on intrasynovial tendon healing was studied using histology-based assays (cell density, proliferation, and type I collagen expression) and by measuring total DNA levels and reducible collagen crosslink levels. The fibrin matrix delivery system provided sustained release of PDGF-BB in vitro at a rate modulated by the ratio of heparin to growth factor. In vivo, the fibrin matrix remained at the repair site for more than 10 days. Delivery of PDGF-BB led to a qualitative increase in cell density, cell proliferation, and type I collagen mRNA expression. PDGF-BB also led to statistically significant increases in total DNA (20% increase at 7 days, 18% increase at 14 days) and reducible collagen crosslinks (30% increase at 7 days). Sustained delivery of growth factors may be achieved using a novel fibrin-based delivery system. PDGF-BB delivery increased cell proliferation and matrix remodeling and thus may accelerate flexor tendon healing.
Magneto-Optic Imaging for Aircraft Skins Inspection: A Probability of Detection Study of Simulated and Experimental Image Data

The increasing fleet of aging aircrafts has resulted in an increasing demand for cost effective nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that are accurate, reliable, and easy to use. Magneto-Optic Imaging (MOI) is such a technique, which has gained wide acceptance for detection of both surface and subsurface defects in multi-layer aircraft structures. The main advantage of MOI is rapid inspection and ease of interpreting image data in contrast to complex impedance signals from conventional eddy current instruments. One missing piece of the puzzle for advanced MOI systems is how to quantitatively analyse the MO images, and understand the detectability limits when image data are acquired under varying operational conditions. This paper presents a probability of detection (POD) study that is conducted using both simulation model-predicted and experimental MO image data. Simulated panels from a 3-D FEM model and experimental panels with machined defects are used to generate data for interpretation by human inspectors or automated systems, and subsequently for POD studies. The POD curves demonstrate the merits in optimizing inspection parameters that maximized the performance of current MOI systems. Parameters quantifying the detectability of MO image data using skewness functions are also presented and discussed.
Edge Cracking in Residential Development Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements

Longitudinal edge cracking has caused asphalt pavement failure in Colorado for many years. The purpose of this research was to determine the probable cause or causes of edge cracking in asphalt pavements in residential subdivisions. Eight locations at three sites in Colorado were sampled. A fourth site was identified, and soil samples were collected before construction in an attempt to obtain precracking soils data. The three primary findings of the study were 1). The edge cracking observed at all eight locations in this study began at the top of the pavement. This means that upward movement from below and/or bending is causing excessive tensile strain at the surface of the pavement. 2) Lower density and higher moisture than optimum of the subgrade beneath the edge cracks appears to be related to the cracking. 3) The soils at all locations were plastic clays with potential for high volume change. It seems likely that swelling of these soils contributed to the edge cracking; however, no strong correlation ...
Hierarchical factor modeling of proteomics data

This paper presents a hierarchical bayesian factor model specifically designed to model the known correlation structure of both peptides and proteins in unbiased, label free proteomics. The model utilizes partial identification information from peptide sequencing and database lookup as well as observed correlation in the data set in order to appropriately compress features into metaproteins and to estimate correlation structure. Although peptide to phenotype associations may be computed from hypothesis testing or multiple regression summaries, to date, there have been no published approaches that directly model what we know to be multiple different levels of correlation structure. We test the the proposed model using publicly available benchmark data and a recent study based on a collection of volunteers who were infected with two different strands of viral influenza.
Optimal control for parabolic equations.

Time optimal control for parabolic equations, proving bang-bang principle, smoothness, existence of minimum, etc
Detecting 137Cs Breakthrough in an Ion Exchange Process

Large volumes of liquid wastes that must be stabilized are one of the legacies of the United States nuclear weapons program. Before these liquid wastes currently contained in holding tanks can be solidified/immobilized, it will be necessary to remove certain high specific activity or potentially dangerous long-lived radionuclides. For example, in the case of high-level liquid wastes, it will be necessary to remove most of the 137Cs to ensure that the final waste product is in compliance with the radioactivity limits for disposal. Typical high-level liquid wastes contain between 10 and 500 Ci/m3 of 137Cs, and disposal limits for the solidified wastes are expected to be on the order of 1 Ci/m3. The current plan is to selectively remove 137Cs from the waste feed stream on an ion exchange column. In order to determine the removal efficiency factors of the column, which must be at least a factor of 20, and to determine breakthrough of 137Cs when the column has reached its holding capacity for cesium, it is necessary to measure cesium in the eluent in real time with respect to the process response time for diverting the effluent stream from the immobilization stage back to feedstock. This “real time” value is dependent on the system design, particularly with respect to the buffer time between the ion exchange column and the immobilization stage; it could easily be on the order of minutes.
Variability of Growth of Lactose Crystals Under Commercial Treatment

Abstract The problem of accelerating crystallization rate while simultaneously achieving acceptable yield and handling properties of lactose crystals under industrial conditions is of great importance. Five commercially produced samples of lactose were analyzed on an Image Analyzer Computer, and the percentage of total crystals was measured for 11 sizes covering a range from 679 to 35,646μm 2 . The effect of cooling rate on crystal size distribution was the major processing variable. The relationships of size distribution of the crystals to such physical characteristics as ease of centrifuging, rinsing, and drying are discussed.
Growth Inhibition of Osteosarcoma Cell MG-63 by a Mixture of trans,trans Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers: Possible Mechanistic Actions

The growth inhibitory effect of a mixture of t,t conjugated linoleic acid isomers (t,t CLA) was investigated in the human osteosarcoma cell MG-63, with references to c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA isomers. The t,t CLA effectively induced a cytotoxic effect in a time-dependent (0 to 6 d) and concentration-dependent (0 to 40 microM) manner, as compared to the reference and control treatments. The apoptosis and cell cycle related parameters were measured on the cells treated with 40 microM t,t CLA for 4 d. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the t,t CLA treatment effectively increased the proportion of apoptotic cells with a low DNA content (sub G0/G1) and a marked loss of cells from the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, relative to other treatments. The occurrence of the characteristic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation confirmed the apoptosis. The level of Bax protein was increased, whereas the Bcl-2 expression was reduced. In addition, cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and the activation of caspase-3 led to the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, the composition of linoleic and arachidonic acids in membrane was decreased by increase in t,t CLA. These findings suggest that t,t CLA incorporation in membrane activates a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway that can enhance the antiproliferative effect of t,t CLA in the osteosarcoma cells.
Localization and habituation of sensory evoked DC responses in cat cortex

Abstract Using calomel electrodes and chopper stabilized amplifiers, sensory evoked d-c responses at the cortical surface were recorded from the primary visual, secondary visual, auditory and somatic areas of the left hemisphere in thirty acutely prepared immobilized cats. The stimuli were light from an incandescent bulb, a hissing sound and a mild shock. Responses were quantified on line by automatic computation of area under the response and by waveform averaging. All four cortical loci could respond to all three stimuli, but by an algebraic analysis of response amplitudes the responses could be fractionated into two components, one of which was localized, the other diffuse. The local component is stimulus bound and is distributed such that the response of the classical sensory area relevant to the stimulus is negative to the response of the other sensory areas, regardless of the over-all response polarity. The diffuse component is on the average, negative in polarity and has a longer latency and duration than the local component. It occurs primarily as an aftereffect of stimulation and is more readily evoked by shock and hiss than by light. The diffure component and the local component are, therefore, distinguished from one another both by their localization and their time course. Both the diffuse component and the local component showed considerable habituation during a 1.5 to 2.0 hour long series of fifty stimulations. The responses probably reflect the joint action of both specific and diffuse cortical inputs, but it is unlikely that they influence the production of action potentials in cortical neurons.
Transcendental inverse eigenvalue problems in damage parameter estimation

In this paper the author has introduced transcendental eigenvalue problems for estimating the damage parameters in the continuous structure from measured eigenvalues or natural frequencies. For simplicity axially vibrating rods are considered in which single or multiple damage parameters due to open cracks or notches are simulated by linear springs that are representative of the loss in stiffness or axial rigidity at the location of cracks. Transcendental eigenvalue problems (direct and inverse) associated with rod having multiple damage parameters have been formulated and solved. The numerical method for solving such eigenvalue problems are developed which overcomes the requirements of closed form characteristic frequency equations that are often unavailable. The modeling and solution approach developed here is utilized for evaluating the spectrum of rods with multiple damage parameters as well as for identifying the locations and severity of the damage parameters purely from the eigenvalues. Numerical examples and simulations corresponding to various damage configurations are presented and verified against experimental evidence. It is demonstrated that the solution of transcendental inverse eigenvalue problems can be successfully used for estimating the damage parameters by using only few and selected eigenvalues corresponding to the measured resonant and anti-resonant frequencies of the rod.
Nonlinear axisymmetric bending of annular plates with varying thickness

Abstract Finite-element analysis of the large deflection bending of annular plates with variable thickness is presented. The more general Reissner plate equations as well as von Karman plate equations are used in the formulation. Stresses and deformation results are presented showing the effects of radius-to-thickness ratio (i.e. shear deformation), nonlinearity and material orthotropy. The finite-element solutions are found to be in good agreement with available exact and approximate analytical solutions.
Rupture of congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in a newborn.

Abstract Rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is unusual, generally occurring in the second to fourth decades of life1–5 with the youngest previously reported patient aged 10 months.6 The present report describes the lesion in a newborn infant.
An enabling material design to promote highly tunable, low loss, performance consistent BST thin films for tunable device applications

In this work we demonstrate that a compositionally stratified Ba1?xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin film design (BST60/40-BST75/25-BST90/10) combined with optimized metal-organic solution deposition (MOSD) film fabrication and post-deposition annealing process protocols results in low loss, highly tunable and temperature stable thin film heterostructures. The experimental data demonstrates that the compositionally stratified BST thin film heterostructure has a small-signal dielectric permittivity of 360 with a dissipation factor of 0.012 and a dielectric tunability of 65% at 444 kV/cm. These material properties exhibited minimal dispersion as a function of temperature ranging from 90 to ?10 °C. Thus, our results suggest that this compositionally stratified material design is an excellent candidate for tunable devices which require both enhanced dielectric response and performance consistency in harsh operational temperature regimes.
Unsustainable growth rate: physician perspective.

Objective: To describe the sustainable growth rate history and calculations and why the present approach is not sustainable. Background: The sustainable growth rate was created to help control the growth rate in healthcare expenditures. Presently, it is responsible, at least in part, for reductions in physician payment. Two components of the sustainable growth rate make it unsustainable in its present form. These components are 1) the inability to go back and correct for values based on the wrong assumptions and 2) the inclusion of drug-related costs into the sustainable growth rate. Discussion: Few physicians have a full grasp of how their payment is structured from a mechanistic standpoint. A significant component of determining physician payment is established by the relative value unit, and how these are derived has been discussed in another article in this supplement. Once the relative value unit has been established, it is multiplied by the established conversion factor. A major component of the conversion factor is the sustainable growth rate. This article attempts to explain how the sustainable growth rate came into being, how it is calculated, and how it is flawed and contributing to decreasing physician payments. A few possible remedies are discussed, and the potential ramifications of those remedies on the physician community and the premiums of Medicare patients are examined.
Simulation of homogeneous two-dimensional random fields: Part II-MA and ARMA models

The determination of autoregressive (AR) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) algorithms for simulating realizations of two-dimensional random fields with a specified (target) power spectrum is examined. The form of both of these models is justified first by considering infinite-variate vector processes of appropriate spectral matrix. Next, the AR parameters are selected to achieve the minimum of a positive integral. Then, a technique is formulated to derive an ARM A simulation algorithm from the prior AR approximation by relying on the minimization of frequency domain errors. Finally, these procedures are critically assessed and an example of application is presented.
Sediments of the inner continental shelf: A progress report on projects in New Hampshire

Abstract Twelve vibracores from the inner continental shelf of New Hampshire contain four distinct sediment types and confirm most aspects of interpretations based on seismic reflection profiles. The oldest sampled unit is a diamicton found on drumlins. The next is a sandy glacial-marine mud analogous to the Presumpscot Formation of coastal Maine. In deep water, these sediments are overlain by mud, whereas in shallow water they have been eroded. Sands overlying this unconformity make up the fourth sediment type. The sands occur in water depths of less than 30 m. The total volume exceeds 106 million m 3 , a significant amount compared with the volume of onshore deposits. Half of the total volume is found in just two large deposits.
Lipids of the Fasting Mouse. V. Liver Phospholipid, Lecithin and Cephalin

SummaryYoung, adult, male albino mice lost almost half the liver total phospholipid during a 5-day fast. The liver weight also decreased in such a fashion that the phospholipid concentration remained approximately constant. The amounts of lecithin and cephalin decreased in proportion. The % P32 dose per mg of phospholipid increased markedly during fasting and, although the % P32 dose per mg lecithin is normally higher than that of cephalin, during fasting the values increased markedly for both fractions.
Earning the model‐minority image: Diverse strategies of economic adaptation by Asian‐American women

Abstract Using the 1980 US Population Census data, this article documents the diverse strategies of economic adaptation adopted by a group of working‐age immigrant women: Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Indian and Vietnamese. A comparable sample of non‐Hispanic white women serves as the reference group. Striking heterogeneity in the individual and collective resources of these groups, together with differences in labour market opportunities and historical context of immigration, have led to a variety of patterns of labour force participation and methods of income attainment. In order to move beyond the oversimplified image of Asian‐Americans as a model minority in their economic success, the article applies four different theories to the census data ‐ assimilation, dual economy, ethnic‐enclave economy and middleman minority. The article closes with a discussion of theoretical implications and methodological suggestions for future studies concerning labour force position and economic adaptation of min...
Effect of pH on competition for nodule occupancy by type I and type II strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli

The effect of soil pH on the competitive abilities of twoRhizobium leuminosarum bv.phaseoli type I and one type II strains was examined in a nonsterile soil system.Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings, grown in unlimed (pH 5.2) or limed (pH 7.6) soil, were inoculated with a single-strain inoculum containing 1 × 106 cells mL−1 of one of the three test strains or with a mixed inoculum (1:1, type I vs. type II) containing the type II strain CIAT 899 plus one type I strain (TAL 182 or CIAT 895). At harvest, nodule occupants were determined. In a separate experiment, a mixed suspension (1:1, type I vs. type II) of CIAT 899 paired with either TAL 182 or CIAT 895 was used to inoculateP. vulgaris seedlings grown in sterile, limed or unlimed soil. The numbers of each strain in the rhizosphere were monitored for 10 days following inoculation. The majority of nodules (> 60%) formed on plants grown in acidic soil were occupied by CIAT 899, the type II strain. This pattern of nodule occupancy changed in limed soil. When CIAT 899 was paired with TAL 182, the type I strain formed 78% of the nodules. The number of nodules formed by CIAT 899 and CIAT 895 (56% and 44%, respectively) were not significantly different. The observed patterns of nodule occupancy were not related to the relative numbers or specific growth rates of competing strains in the host rhizosphere prior to nodulation. The results indicate that soil pH can influence which symbiotype ofR. leguminosarum bv.phaseoli will competitively nodulateP. vulgaris.
Rbpj Cell Autonomous Regulation of Retinal Ganglion Cell and Cone Photoreceptor Fates in the Mouse Retina

Vertebrate retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are pluripotent, but pass through competence states that progressively restrict their developmental potential ([Cepko et al., 1996][1]; [Livesey and Cepko, 2001][2]; [Cayouette et al., 2006][3]). In the rodent eye, seven retinal cell classes differentiate in overlapping waves, with RGCs, cone photoreceptors, horizontals, and amacrines forming predominantly before birth, and rod photoreceptors, bipolars, and Muller glia differentiating postnatally. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulate each retinal cell type (for review, see [Livesey and Cepko, 2001][2]). Here, we conditionally deleted the transcription factor Rbpj , a critical integrator of multiple Notch signals ([Jarriault et al., 1995][4]; [Honjo, 1996][5]; [Kato et al., 1997][6]; [Han et al., 2002][7]), during prenatal mouse retinal neurogenesis. Removal of Rbpj caused reduced proliferation, premature neuronal differentiation, apoptosis, and profound mispatterning. To determine the cell autonomous requirements for Rbpj during RGC and cone formation, we marked Cre-generated retinal lineages with GFP expression, which showed that Rbpj autonomously promotes RPC mitotic activity, and suppresses RGC and cone fates. In addition, the progressive loss of Rbpj −/− RPCs resulted in a diminished progenitor pool available for rod photoreceptor formation. This circumstance, along with the overproduction of Rbpj −/− cones, revealed that photoreceptor development is under homeostatic regulation. Finally, to understand how the Notch pathway regulates the simultaneous formation of multiple cell types, we compared the RGC and cone phenotypes of Rbpj to Notch1 ([Jadhav et al., 2006b][8]; [Yaron et al., 2006][9]), Notch3 , and Hes1 mutants. We found particular combinations of Notch pathway genes regulate the development of each retinal cell type. [1]: #ref-15 [2]: #ref-63 [3]: #ref-13 [4]: #ref-45 [5]: #ref-37 [6]: #ref-48 [7]: #ref-33 [8]: #ref-44 [9]: #ref-104
Expression and Phosphorylation of the Na-Pump Regulatory Subunit Phospholemman in Heart Failure

Intracellular [Na] is approximately 3 mmol/L higher in heart failure (HF; in our arrhythmogenic rabbit model), and this can profoundly affect cardiac Ca and contractile function via Na/Ca exchange and Na/H exchange. Na/K-ATPase is the primary mechanism of Na extrusion. We examine here in HF rabbits (and human hearts) expression of Na/K-ATPase isoforms and phospholemman (PLM), a putative Na/K-ATPase regulatory subunit that inhibits pump function and is a major cardiac phosphorylation target. Na/K-ATPase alpha1- and alpha2-isoforms were reduced in HF in rabbit ventricular homogenates (by 24%) and isolated myocytes (by 30% and 17%), whereas alpha3 was increased (50%) in homogenates and decreased (52%) in myocytes (P<0.05). Homogenate Na/K-ATPase activity in left ventricle was also decreased in HF. However, we showed previously that Na/K-ATPase characteristics in intact ventricular myocytes were unaltered in HF. To reconcile these findings, we assessed PLM expression, phosphorylation, and association with Na/K-ATPase. PLM coimmunoprecipitated with Na/K-ATPase alpha1 and alpha2 in control and HF rabbit myocytes. PLM expression was reduced in HF by 42% in isolated rabbit left ventricular (LV) myocytes, by 48% in rabbit LV homogenates, and by 24% in human LV homogenate. The fraction of PLM phosphorylated at Ser-68 was increased dramatically in HF. Our results are consistent with a role for PLM analogous to that of phospholamban for SR Ca-ATPase (SERCA): inhibition of Na/K-ATPase function that is relieved on PLM phosphorylation. So reduced Na/K-ATPase expression in HF may be functionally offset by lower inhibition by PLM (because of reduced PLM expression and higher PLM phosphorylation).
Polarized Raman Confocal Microscopy of Single Gallium Nitride Nanowires

Polarized Raman spectra and corresponding Raman scattering intensity images of an isolated gallium nitride nanowire with a diameter of 170 nm are presented. The sensitivity of the confocal microscope combined with a high-resolution piezoelectric stage enables analysis of the crystalline phase and crystallographic orientation of an individual nanowire with an excellent spatial and spectral resolution in a short acquisition time.
Progress with optogenetic functional MRI and its translational implications

Changes in brain dynamics accompany many, if not all, neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Even in health, however, the activity of global brain networks remains poorly understood. Although great progress has been made over the last decade in probing specific brain circuits, it has proven challenging to probe systems at the cellular level, while also observing their global causal effect. The recent development of optogenetic functional MRI has provided a key technological advancement in overcoming this problem. Using optogenetic functional MRI, it is now possible to observe whole-brain level network activity that results from modulating with millisecond timescale resolution the activity of genetically, spatially and topologically defined cell populations. This technology opens the doors for many new studies of neurological disease.
MAPREC assay for quantitation of mutants in a recombinant flavivirus vaccine strain using near-infrared fluorescent dyes

Mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) is a quantitative assay of revertants in batches of live viral vaccines. The assay is highly sensitive and reliable but requires radioactive isotopes, which complicates its use in quality control laboratories. To quantify mutants in the cDNA of the West Nile (WN)/Dengue 4 chimera that was proposed as a new candidate of live vaccine against West Nile disease, alternative MAPREC protocols using non-radioactive dyes were explored. To compare the utility of different fluorescent dyes for MAPREC, the G(2337)→C mutation that was revealed by microarray hybridization in WN/Dengue 4 chimera virus was used as a model. DNA fragments produced by restriction endonuclease digestion were visualized in polyacrylamide gels by visible-range fluorescent dyes including ethidium bromide (EtBr) and SYBR Green I as well as by near-infrared (NIR) dye SYTO 60 and NIR dyes 700 and 800. The MAPREC assay performed with SYTO 60 and SYBR Green I was more sensitive than with EtBr but less sensitive than with NIR dyes 700 or 800. The NIR dyes 700 and 800 exhibited a wide linear range that may enable the detection of 0.05% of mutants in viral stocks. The NIR-based MAPREC assay was validated by using World Health Organization (WHO) international references for poliovirus type 3 with known contents of mutants. Values of mutant content produced by the non-radioactive assay were similar to the values determined in a previous WHO international collaborative study. The modified MAPREC assay could be used as an alternative to the radioisotope-based standard protocol for quality control of live viral vaccines.
Positional Genomic Analysis Identifies the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene as a Susceptibility Locus for Human Hypertension

Background—After genome-wide linkage analyses of blood pressure levels, we resequenced 5 positional candidate genes in a linkage region on chromosome 5 and genotyped selected variants in several family samples from Rochester, Minn. Methods and Results—In a sample of 55 pedigrees containing ≥1 sibling-pair(s) discordant for systolic blood pressure, polymorphisms within the β2-adrenergic receptor gene (Arg16Gly, P=0.009) and the glutathione peroxidase 3 gene (−302G→A, P=0.037; −623A→C, P=0.013) were significantly related to blood pressure levels. In a second sample of 298 nuclear families (n=1283 individuals), the Arg16Gly polymorphism was significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure in family-based analyses (P=0.016) and with both diastolic (P=0.009) and mean arterial blood pressure (P=0.038) in analyses of the parental generation only. Neither polymorphism in the glutathione peroxidase 3 gene was associated with blood pressure levels in this sample. An additional 291 families (n=1240 individuals...
Chiropractic Use, Health Care Expenditures, and Health Outcomes for Rural and Nonrural Individuals With Arthritis

Abstract Objective Arthritis is considered the leading cause of disability among adults in the United States today and contributes substantially to the rising cost of health care. Residents of rural areas are especially affected. The purposes of this article are to describe chiropractic use by rural and nonrural individuals with arthritis and to identify differences in other health care use and health status by those using chiropractic care plus conventional care or conventional care alone. Methods A longitudinal cohort from panel 12 (N = 12 440) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey spanning 2007 to 2008 was selected for this study to represent changes in health care expenditures and use and outcomes throughout this period. The population was stratified by self-reported physician-diagnosed arthritis and rural status and compared across demographics, health status, and health care use and expenditures, including use of chiropractic services plus conventional care or conventional care alone. Results Twice as many rural people with arthritis had 1 or more visits with a doctor of chiropractic compared with nonrural persons with arthritis. More rural chiropractic users with arthritis reported their perceived health status as excellent, very good, or good compared with nonrural chiropractic users with arthritis and to rural people with arthritis who reported no chiropractic visits. Health care expenditures for other physician services were higher among rural chiropractic users with arthritis than nonrural users with arthritis. Conclusions Differences in chiropractic use were observed between rural and nonrural individuals with arthritis. More studies are needed to investigate these differences and the impact on health care use and expenditures and outcomes of individuals with arthritis.
Tracking Instrumentation and Accuracy on the Eastern Test Range

The Air Force Eastern Test Range (ETR) is, in essence, a huge laboratory extending from the Florida mainland to the Indian Ocean. It is instrumented to collect, record, analyze and communicate data for missile and space missions. This is achieved through a variety of highly sophisticated electronic and optical techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to describe briefly some of this primary instrumentation which provides the highly precise metric data used in direct support of the operational mission, for Range safety and for postflight evaluation. The instrumentation and data accuracy problems will be explored together with the current methods of approach. General categories of errors will be defined, and the applications of error models and error budgets to the controlling of instrumentation accuracies will be presented. Methods of combining outputs of various instrumentation systems will be discussed with reference to the best estimate of trajectory. The general problem of instrumentation calibration is also considered, including the experimental design and the type of tests employed. The basic causes of accuracy degradation in the instrumentation systems are reviewed, including errors introduced in data handling and processing.
Mexican American Preschoolers Create Stories: Sociodramatic Play in a Dual Language Classroom

Abstract This article describes partial findings of a microethnographic study that focused on the use of language functions and cultural knowledge displayed during sociodramatic play in a pre-kindergarten classroom. The study was conducted at a public elementary school in a small rural community of south central Texas that offers a dual language program from pre-kindergarten to fifth grade. Twelve Mexican American children, seven boys and five girls (4- and 5-year-olds) participated in the study. Data were collected for eight weeks through videotaped observations of free play in the housekeeping and block center. Field notes and a reflexive diary were included as methods of data collection. The children's parents were interviewed to determine the cultural traits that emerged in the children's play. A total of 25 hours of videotaped sociodramatic play episodes was collected. The article illustrates the stories Mexican American children created while engaged in sociodramatic play in a preschool classroom wh...