cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical and hydraulic properties of inorganic amendments and modeling their effects on water movement in sand-based root zones

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and hydraulic properties of selected inorganic amendments and their mixtures with sand (85:15% v/v), and model how they affect the water movement in sand-based root zones of sports fields. The amendments are composed of: calcined diatomaceous earth materials (Axis and Isolite); zeolites (Clinolite and Ecolite); and calcined clays (Moltan Plus, Profile, and Pro’s Choice). The bulk density, particle density, porosity, particle-size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention and available water-holding capacity were analyzed. A numerical model was applied to simulate soil water movement for a scenario with and without amendment incorporation. The results showed that amendments significantly (P < 0.05) improved the physical and hydraulic properties of root zone. Modeling results revealed reduced surface dryness, higher volumetric water content and storage and higher initial root water uptake rate for the root zones with amendments. These results suggest there are multiple benefits of amended root zones in terms of improvement of the physical and hydraulic properties of sand-based root zones.
DEVELOPMENT, DESIGN, AND TESTING OF POWERSPHERE MULTIFUNCTIONAL ULTRAVIOLET-RIGIDIZABLE INFLATABLE STRUCTURES

The continuing advancement of microsatellites and nanosatellites for space application has identified a need for an innovative, simple, low mass, and low packing volume solar array system for this class of satellites. As microsatellites and nanosatellites become more capable, their demand for power also increases. The result of decreasing satellite size, thus surface area, and increasing power demand is the inevitable problem of "power choke" on satellite systems with body- mounted solar cells. The use of traditional, rigid, solar arrays necessitates larger stowage volume and mass, and also requires gimbals for pointing. In previous studies, the "PowerSphere" solar array system has been identified as one of the solutions to this "power choke" problem. This power system has several advantages over the traditional system, including lower mass, lower stowage volume, and the elimination of the pointing mechanism. The development of PowerSphere multifunctional ultraviolet-rigidizable (UV-rigidizable) inflatable structures will be beneficial not only to micro- and nanosatellites; it will enable the advancement of Gossamer type structures. Given the requirements of PowerSphere to be low mass, low packing volume, and low power for deployment, ultraviolet (UV) cured composite (i.e. UV-rigidizable) materials have been identified as the optimal candidate for this application. In conjunction with UV-rigidizable material, these structures incorporate thin film flex- circuit to make them multifunctional. Two multifunctional structures in the PowerSphere system will utilize the UV-rigidizable material, namely the inflatable hinge and the inflatable isogrid center column. The PowerSphere team, which is assembled collaboratively from Aerospace, ILC Dover, Lockheed Martin, and NASA Glenn, has made significant advancements in the development of multifunctional UV rigidizable inflatable structures.
Reappraisal of intracutaneous tests in the diagnosis of reaginic allergy.

Abstract In an attempt to determine the clinical relevance of positive intracutaneous tests when epicutaneous tests are negative, 34 patients with symptoms of perennial rhinitis who had negative epicutaneous but positive intracutaneous tests were evaluated by radioallergosorbent (RAST) test, nasal provocation (NP) tests and leukocyte histamine release (LHR) assay. Nineteen patients with perennial rhinitis who had positive epicutaneous tests and 13 normal healthy volunteers were also studied as positive and negative controls, respectively. None of the 34 patients with negative epicutaneous but positive intracutaneous tests had positive RASTs or LHR assays, but 1 patient had a positive NP test. In contrast, of the 19 patients with positive epicutaneous tests. 12 patients had positive RASTs, 17 had positive LHR assays, and 17 had positive NP tests. In the negative control group of 13 subjects, none had positive RAST, LHR assays, or NP tests, although 3 subjects showed positive intracutaneous tests. These results indicate that when epicutaneous tests are negative in patients with perennial rhinitis, positive intracutaneous tests are not likely to indicate the presence of reaginic allergy.
BEHAVIORAL RIGIDITY BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND NONTRADITIONAL COLLEGE STUDENTS

The Test of Behavioral Rigidity was administered to a group of Traditional (age ≤ 22 years) and Nontraditional (age ≥ 25 years) college students to assess the significance of mean differences in rigidity scores between the groups. Analysis indicated significant differences between the groups on Personality-Perceptual Rigidity and the Composite Rigidity Quotient, with the Nontraditional students scoring as less rigid (more flexible). Within each group, women were significantly less rigid (more flexible) on Psychomotor Speed Rigidity and on the Composite Rigidity Quotient. Results argue against the belief that Nontraditional students find it difficult to adjust readily to new situations and tasks and that rigidity increases with age. Further, within both groups of students women scored as more flexible than men. Implications of these results for higher education are discussed.
Searching and Feeding Behavior of Nephaspis oculatus and Delphastus catalinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Predators of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

The coccinellids Nephaspis oculatus (Blatchley) and Delphastus catalinae (LeConte) [formerly D. pusillus (LeConte)] are predators of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), and have shown potential for biological control of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring in greenhouses. We observed the searching and feeding behavior of N. oculatus and D. catalinae on hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.). D. catalinae larvae maintained the entire body in contact with the substrate while moving, whereas N. oculatus larvae planted the uropod on the substrate and swept the body in an arc while searching. Estimated movement rates of all stages of D. catalinae were greater than the corresponding stages of N. oculatus. However, the searching areas by different larval stages of D. catalinae were significantly smaller than those by the corresponding larval stages of N. oculatus, which the larvae sweep around while searching. The adults of both coccinellid species traveled in a similar pattern; therefore, D. catalinae, moving at a greater rate, searched a greater area than that of N. oculatus, moving at a slower rate. Larvae and adults of both coccinellid species responded to prey only after contacting prey with their mouthparts or front legs. Younger larvae took significantly longer to consume prey than older larvae or adults. Larvae and adults of the smaller N. oculatus consumed whiteflies at a significantly slower rate than did corresponding stages of D. catalinae.
Turbulent mass transfer rates to a wall for large Schmidt numbers

New measurements are presented on the influence of Schmidt number on the rate of mass transfer between a turbulent fluid and a pipe wall. It is found that for large Schmidt numbers the fully developed mass transfer coefficient is related to the friction velocity and the Schmidt number by the equation The experiments are accurate enough to rule out the Sc−2/3 or the Sc−2/3 relations commonly used, deduced from plausible limiting expressions for the eddy diffusivity close to a wall. It is argued that these expressions arevalid only over a vanishingly small portion of the concentration field as Sc → ∞.
Approximate string matching in sublinear expected time

The k differences approximate string matching problem specifies a text string of length n, a pattern string of length m, and the number k of differences (insertions, deletions, substitutions) allowed in a match, and asks for every location in the text where a match occurs. Previous algorithms required at least O(nk) time. When k is as large as a fraction of m, no substantial progress has been made over O(nm) dynamic programming. The authors have investigated much faster algorithms for restricted cases of the problem, such as when the text string is random and errors are not too frequent. They have devised an algorithm that, for k >
Entropy favours open colloidal lattices

The design of open crystalline arrangements of colloidal particles with attractive patches has been hampered by the difficulty in exploring the full range of conceivable parameters both experimentally or with simulations. An analytical theory that explains the role of entropy in stabilizing open colloidal lattices and that predicts the conditions at which stable crystal structures of patchy particles form is now reported. Burgeoning experimental and simulation activity seeks to understand the existence of self-assembled colloidal structures that are not close-packed1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Here we describe an analytical theory based on lattice dynamics and supported by experiments that reveals the fundamental role entropy can play in stabilizing open lattices. The entropy we consider is associated with the rotational and vibrational modes unique to colloids interacting through extended attractive patches10. The theory makes predictions of the implied temperature, pressure and patch-size dependence of the phase diagram of open and close-packed structures. More generally, it provides guidance for the conditions at which targeted patchy colloidal assemblies in two and three dimensions are stable, thus overcoming the difficulty in exploring by experiment or simulation the full range of conceivable parameters.
Prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To provide a concise review of current practices regarding prenatal diagnosis of excess fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus.Methods: A literature review of relevant publications.Results: Sonographic estimation of fetal size at term is frequently undertaken in the management of diabetic pregnancy. Considerable error in fetal weight estimations, particularly in asymmetrically enlarged fetuses, may limit the accuracy and clinical utility of these measurements.Conclusions: The limitations and potential inaccuracy of current sonographic methods to detect the large-for-gestational age fetus of a diabetic mother are acknowledged. Customized formulae are of limited benefit so that further study of techniques aimed at assessing fetal fat content and distribution should be undertaken. These methods may improve detection of the large fetus and aid in clinical decision making.
The End of Art

This article focuses on the arguments that Arthur Danto has advanced for alleging that the developmental history of art is over. The author is skeptical of Danto's conclusion and maintains that Danto has failed to demonstrate that art history is necessarily closed. The author also contends that Danto's end-of-art thesis is better construed as a specimen of art criticism than as an example of the speculative philosophy of art history.
Unsupervised Dependency Parsing with Transferring Distribution via Parallel Guidance and Entropy Regularization

We present a novel approach for inducing unsupervised dependency parsers for languages that have no labeled training data, but have translated text in a resourcerich language. We train probabilistic parsing models for resource-poor languages by transferring cross-lingual knowledge from resource-rich language with entropy regularization. Our method can be used as a purely monolingual dependency parser, requiring no human translations for the test data, thus making it applicable to a wide range of resource-poor languages. We perform experiments on three Data sets — Version 1.0 and version 2.0 of Google Universal Dependency Treebanks and Treebanks from CoNLL shared-tasks, across ten languages. We obtain stateof-the art performance of all the three data sets when compared with previously studied unsupervised and projected parsing systems.
Cell Lineage and Cell Migration in the Neural Crest

The neural crest is a transient embryonic structure whose cells migrate extensively before giving rise to a variety of differentiated cell types. Both intrinsic cell lineage information and environmental cues are thought to play a role in determining the fate of these cells. Early in development, these cells can be divided into distinct populations based on their axial level of origin. Cranial neural crest cells differentiate into facial cartilage and cranial ganglia, whereas vagal crest cells give rise to the enteric ganglia. Trunk neural crest cells normally give rise to melanocytes, neurons, and glia of the peripheral nervous system and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Cell lineage studies of premigratory trunk neural crest cells using single cell injection of a vital dye have shown that single cells can give rise to a number of differentiated cell types. A host of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules have been tested for their ability to support neural crest cell migration in vitro and in vivo. In general, the large glycoproteins (i.e., fibronectin and laminin) can support migration, whereas proteoglycans seem to modulate neural crest cell migration on other ECM molecules. However, no single molecule has been identified as the sole regulator of the complex pattern of neural crest cell migration.
Astrocytic connexin distributions and rapid, extensive dye transfer via gap junctions in the inferior colliculus: Implications for [14C]glucose metabolite trafficking

The inferior colliculus has the highest rates of blood flow and metabolism in brain, and functional metabolic activity increases markedly in response to acoustic stimulation. However, brain imaging with [1- and 6-(14)C]glucose greatly underestimates focal metabolic activation that is readily detected with [(14)C]deoxyglucose, suggesting that labeled glucose metabolites are quickly dispersed and released from highly activated zones of the inferior colliculus. To evaluate the role of coupling of astrocytes via gap junctions in dispersal of molecules within the inferior colliculus, the present study assessed the distribution of connexin (Cx) proteins in the inferior colliculus and spreading of Lucifer yellow from single microinjected astrocytes in slices of adult rat brain. Immunoreactive Cx43, Cx30, and Cx26 were heterogeneously distributed; the patterns for Cx43 and Cx 30 differed and were similar to those of immunoreactive GFAP and S100beta, respectively. Most Cx43 was phosphorylated in resting and acoustically stimulated rats. Dye spreading revealed an extensive syncytial network that included thousands of cells and perivasculature endfeet; with 8% Lucifer yellow VS and a 5-min diffusion duration, about 6,100 astrocytes (range 2,068-11,939) were labeled as far as 1-1.5 mm from the injected cell. The relative concentration of Lucifer yellow fell by 50% within 0.3-0.8 mm from the injected cell with a 5-min diffusion interval. Perivascular dye labeling was readily detectable and often exceeded dye levels in nearby neuropil. Thus, astrocytes have the capability to distribute intracellular molecules quickly from activated regions throughout the large, heterogeneous syncytial volume of the inferior colliculus, and rapid trafficking of labeled metabolites would degrade resolution of focal metabolic activation.
Making a Difference: (Re)Connecting Communication Scholarship with Pedagogy.

If communication research is to make a greater difference in society, change is needed in the ways that communication scholarship is taught to and produced by students. To do so, I contend that changes must occur in two areas. First, change must occur at the undergraduate level where students must be given the opportunity to become directly engaged with scholarship through service learning. Second, change is necessary at the graduate level where students should be challenged to use and conduct applied research. Overall, I argue that for research to make more of a difference in society, change must first be made inside the academy. If students learn how to apply and conduct research that makes a difference, they can become the vehicles to take that research from the academy into society.
Use of Thin‐Film Substrates to Study Enhanced Solid‐State Phase Transformations

A thin-film substrate geometry is described for the study of enhanced solid-state phase transformations. A thin film of the seed material is grown on a suitable bulk substrate forming the thin-film substrate. A sol of the material for which seeding is to be studied is then deposited and the sample heated. Cross sections are prepared to study both the extent of the transformation and its crystallography, using electron microscopy. The special feature of this approach is that the position of the original seed/coating interface is known precisely and the thickness of the transformed layer can be measured directly at different stages of the transformation. As an example of this approach, thin films of hematite have been used as substrates for the study of the seeded phase transformation of a boehmite-derived transition-alumina to α-Al2O3
Organization Development Impacts Interrupted A Multiyear Time-Serial Study of Absence and other Time Uses

Time-serial statistics show the daily impact of organization development (OD) on five systemically interdependent employee time use variables across the first 2 years of an absence control intervention. Tume worked, time scheduled off, short-term excused absence, long-term excused absence, and short-term nonexcused absence all showed interdependent daily changes in annual time use as OD techniques were aggressively and widely introduced, later overtaken by events and severely restricted, and eventually replaced with a mechanistic policy-based absence control system. OD induced strong and constructive increases in work and decreases in excused forms of nonwork while it continued to operate, but those changes eroded quickly under competing pressures once investment in OD was curtailed. After the OD impetus toward self-control was replaced with a mechanistic management model, unexcused absence began to drop, but time use began shifting into excused nonwork activities. This trend eventually caused significant...
Situating Black, Situating Queer: Black Queer Diaspora Studies and the Art of Embodied Listening

This article elaborates one Black queer subject's sense of self and gestures toward the potential theoretical intervention this subjectivity poses. However, it begins by situating Black queerness in conceptual and geographic space. It proposes the usefulness of an anthropologically informed embodied listening practice for Black Queer Studies and foregrounds situated, speaking Black queer subjects in the articulation of a Black Queer Diaspora Studies. Finally, it approaches a wider geo-conceptual metaphor for the transdisciplinarity required if we are to take seriously the seductive invitation to speculate Black and queer at once.
Influence of turnover rates on the responses of enzymes to cortisone.

Cortisone administration over a period of 4 days results in increased enzyme activity of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase, tyrosine-glutamic transaminase, glutamic-alanine transaminase, and arginase. These enzymes differed greatly in turnover rates: from tyrosine-glutamic transaminase with a half-life of 2.0 hr to arginase with a half-life of 4 days. Tryptophan pyrrolase and tyrosine-glutamic transaminase appear to respond rapidly to cortisone whereas glutamic-alanine transaminase and arginase respond more slowly. Although the time course and magnitude of responses are quite different among the four enzymes, the ratios of rates of synthesis under basal conditions to rates of synthesis in cortisone treated animals are quite similar. Thus the apparent small response of arginase and the slow response of glutamic-alanine transaminase as compared to the rapid and large response of tryptophan pyrrolase and tyrosine-glutamic transaminase are not a reflection of low sensitivity to the effects of cortisone, but of the slower turnover of these enzymes.
The radiolabeling of lymphocytes and tumor cells with 111indium.

Summary111Indium when complexed with oxine is an efficient label of lymphocytes and tumor cells. 111Indium-oxine complex (111InOx) is not reutilizable, making it useful for short-term lymphocyte recirculation studies. The spontaneous release of 111InOx from tumor cells is very low, making it a useful isotope in cytotoxicity studies. 111InoX emits two γ photons detectable by nuclear scanning, making this label of potential use in the study of lymphocyte migration in man.
Regulation by destruction: design of the σE envelope stress response

The signal transduction pathway governing the σE-dependent cell envelope stress response in Escherichia coli communicates information from the periplasm to σE in the cytoplasm via a regulated proteolytic cascade that results in the destruction of the membrane-bound antisigma factor, RseA, and the release of σE to direct transcription. Regulated proteolysis is used for signal transduction in all domains of life, and these pathways bear remarkable similarities in their architecture and the proteases involved. Work with the pathway governing the σE response has elucidated key design principles that ensure a rapid yet graded response that is buffered from inappropriate activation. Structural and biochemical studies of the proteases that mediate signal transduction reveal the molecular underpinnings enabling this design.
Differential virulence of Mycobacterium avium strains isolated from HIV-infected patients with disseminated M. avium complex disease

The role that colonization with Mycobacterium avium plays in the development of disseminated disease is unclear. In this study, we determined whether all M. avium strains isolated from the portals of M. avium infection are capable of crossing the mucosal border and causing infection. The patients in this study were enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trial Group protocol 341. The patients were divided into 3 groups; 2 groups differed in their immunological and clinical risk for M. avium disease. A third group ( patients) had culturen p 22 documented disseminated M. avium complex disease at the time of entry in the study. Eight of 22 patients had M. avium isolated from both a colonized site and blood or bone marrow specimens. All 8 patients had distinct M. avium strains; 2 patients had a polyclonal infection. The virulence properties of 13 strains were determined, including invasion of gastrointestinal cells and replication in macrophages. There were significant differences in the virulence properties, and these differences may provide insight into the interplay between microbial pathogenesis and host defense.
Supramolecular catalysis of a unimolecular transformation: Aza-cope rearrangement within a self-assembled host

Chemists have long envied the ability of enzymes to manipulate reaction energetics and specificity through steric confinement and precise functional-group interactions. The enormous rate accelerations that enzymes achieve at modest temperatures may be attributed to their high degree of complexity, and the synthetic chemist is hard pressed to create such well-constructed catalytic scaffolds. Yet in this regard, the utilization of supramolecular chemistry may have an advantage: supramolecular self-assembly facilitates the creation of large, complex structures from relatively simple precursors. Based on reversible weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonding or metal–ligand interactions, synthetic chemists have generated an array of self-assembled structures, diverse in architecture and composition. Some of these synthetic structures bear an internal cavity, and their interior can provide a new and very specific chemical environment, distinctly different from the exterior surroundings. The development of container-like molecules into chemically useful structures is an attractive goal, and their utilization as catalytic reaction chambers can parallel the enzyme function. The rate for a bimolecular Diels–Alder reaction, for example, was reported to be significantly accelerated in the presence of a supramolecular host, owing to the increase of effective concentrations of the two substrates when bound within the same capsule. Major challenges are a) to develop supramolecular systems capable of catalyzing unimolecular reactions, and b) to circumvent catalyst inhibition, a problem that frequently occurs when the cavity binds the reaction product more strongly than the substrate. We report herein the utilization of a supramolecular metal–ligand assembly that is capable of catalyzing a unimolecular rearrangement. Simply by inclusion into a sizeand shape-constrained reaction space these rearrangements are accelerated by up to three orders of magnitude compared to their background rates. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the reacting system provide an effective means of preventing product inhibition, which facilitates catalyst turnover. Raymond and co-workers have composed supramolecular tetrahedral structures of M4L6 stoichiometry through selfassembly of simple metal and ligand components. 11] In these assemblies the metal atoms are located at the vertices of the tetrahedron and six bis-bidentate catechol amide ligands span the edges (Figure 1). The tris-bidentate chelation of the metal centers renders them chiral (D or L), and the mechanical coupling through the rigid ligands results in the formation of exclusively homochiral assemblies (i.e. D,D,D,D or L,L,L,L). By virtue of the 12 overall charge, the assemblies are water soluble, yet they contain a flexible
Cationic copolymerization of isobutene and conjugated small‐ring dienes

1-Methyl-3-methylenecyclobutene (MMCB) and 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane (DMCB) copolymerized readily with isobutene with aluminum chloride as initiator in methyl chloride solution at temperatures from −95 to −78°C. No polymers were obtained with methylenecyclobutene (MCB) under similar conditions. The copolymerization of MMCB with isobutene took place through a 1,5-addition reaction while that of DMCB through both 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions. Large amounts of gel were present in the copolymers obtained from DMCB if the reaction was carried to high conversion. The commonly observed effects of dienes (i.e., rate retardation and molecular weight depression) on cationic copolymerization reactions were observed but to a much higher degree with these small ring dienes. The thermal crosslinking behavior of the resulting copolymers was investigated. In conjunction with the copolymerization studies, homopolymers of MMCB, DMCB, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-isopropylidene-2-methylenecyclobutane (IMCB) were prepared and their chemical structures examined.
A microcontroller-based phasor measurement system with CAN bus communication

This paper describes a microcontroller-based phasor measurement system with controller area network (CAN) bus communication capability for control of a distributed generator (DG). The CAN bus protocol allows voltage and current phasors, calculated at the point of common connection with the grid, to be broadcast to several DG units in a cluster. Each DG unit in a cluster can assume the supervisory role and perform utility interface control functions needed for compliance with the IEEE 1547 standard for interconnection of DGs with electric power systems. The microcontroller-based phasor measurement system builds on technology and algorithms derived from early phasor measurement units developed 20-30 years ago using 8-bit processors. Utilizing modern microcontrollers along with novel algorithms provides reasonable performance at a low cost. Numerical filtering provides measurement precision to within about 1% of the nominal voltage magnitude and to within about 0.02 Hz in voltage frequency.
Applying 89Zr-Transferrin To Study the Pharmacology of Inhibitors to BET Bromodomain Containing Proteins

Chromatin modifying proteins are attractive drug targets in oncology, given the fundamental reliance of cancer on altered transcriptional activity. Multiple transcription factors can be impacted downstream of primary target inhibition, thus making it challenging to understand the driving mechanism of action of pharmacologic inhibition of chromatin modifying proteins. This in turn makes it difficult to identify biomarkers predictive of response and pharmacodynamic tools to optimize drug dosing. In this report, we show that (89)Zr-transferrin, an imaging tool we developed to measure MYC activity in cancer, can be used to identify cancer models that respond to broad spectrum inhibitors of transcription primarily due to MYC inhibition. As a proof of concept, we studied inhibitors of BET bromodomain containing proteins, as they can impart antitumor effects in a MYC dependent or independent fashion. In vitro, we show that transferrin receptor biology is inhibited in multiple MYC positive models of prostate cancer and double hit lymphoma when MYC biology is impacted. Moreover, we show that bromodomain inhibition in one lymphoma model results in transferrin receptor expression changes large enough to be quantified with (89)Zr-transferrin and positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo. Collectively, these data further underscore the diagnostic utility of the relationship between MYC and transferrin in oncology, and provide the rationale to incorporate transferrin-based PET into early clinical trials with bromodomain inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors.
Charge states of energetic oxygen and sulfur ions in Jupiter's magnetosphere

Pitch angle distributions of proton and energetic heavy ion fluxes near Europa's orbit have been measured by the Galileo Energetic Particles Detector (EPD). At similar energies, these distributions have important differences. If their source and transport processes are similar, as we hypothesize here, then it is difficult to reconcile their different pitch angle distributions. By looking at the same question, other researchers have proposed that the heavies are multiply charged, leading to differences in how the particles are lost. This could not be confirmed directly with EPD because that detector does not separate heavy ion measurements by charge state. However, indirect analyses of the data have extracted the charge state of a few sulfur events. We present here a complete list of ion injections observed with EPD over the whole mission. Energetic sulfur and oxygen charge states can be inferred through a dispersion analysis of dynamic injections that makes use of the charge-dependent nature of the gradient-curvature azimuthal drift. We find that sulfur is predominantly multiply charged, whereas oxygen is more evenly distributed between singly and doubly charged states. In addition to current theories on energetic heavy ion transport near the Europa region, we propose that charge gain for the oxygen ions (electron stripping) may play an important role in the character of energetic particles in that region.
Weak Derivatives and Integration by Parts

(1978). Weak Derivatives and Integration by Parts. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 190-191.
Penetrating wounds of the heart and cardiac tamponade.

The treatment of choice in penetrating wounds of the heart has long been controversial. Some physicians recommend immediate surgery. Others advocate nonoperative primary treatment when symptoms are mainly those of cardiac tamponade. The debate centers around whether or not to operate after a patient responds to pericardiocentesis.
CT of extraarachnoid metrizamide instillation

Because CT of spinal extraarachnoid metrizamide collections may be misleading, we reviewed the postmetrizamide CT scans of 425 patients in order to characterize the appearance of subdural or epidural metrizamide. Eight patients were found to have extraarachnoid metrizamide contrast collections. In all patients, both the subarachnoid space and the extraarachnoid collection were opacified with metrizamide. In seven patients, a subdural collection of metrizamide created a mass upon the opacified subarachnoid space. Three of these subdural collections were less dense than the opacified subarachnoid compartment and simulated soft-tissue disease, including tumor and an arteriovenous malformation. The hypodense collections are probably a result of leakage of metrizamide and cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal needle defect. CT clues for diagnosing these potentially misleading subdural collections include preservation of the normal dural and epidural interface, identification of small islands of metrizamide within a suspected soft-tissue “mass,” the presence of concomitant epidural contrast material collections, and the absence of adjacent vertebral-body destruction.
We’re Just Ordinary People: Messianic Master Narratives and Black Youths’ Civic Agency

AbstractCritical race scholars have argued that curricular portrayals of the Civil Rights Movement are undermined by master narratives that legitimate the racial status quo. Although many scholars have critiqued Movement master narratives in social studies and society, few studies have examined Black students’ interpretations of such representations and the effects of these representations on their sense of civic agency. In this article, I present ethnographic data that illustrate the function of a specific type of master narrative, messianic master narratives, in 9 Black urban youths’ understandings of historical and contemporary civil rights leadership. Messianic master narratives position an individual as the messiah, savior, or deliverer of an oppressed group. Data provide evidence that messianic master narratives constrain Black youths’ civic agency, specifically by associating civil rights leadership with immense risk, uncritically invoking Judeo–Christian values, and undermining participants’ under...
Supporting Safety in the Older Adult Driver: A Public Health Nursing Opportunity

The effective operation of a motor vehicle encompasses a wide range of cognitive processes that can decline due to age-related changes in neuroanatomical structures and cognitive functionality. The increasing number of older adult drivers in our rapidly aging population heightens the public safety concern of unsafe driving associated with these changes. Nurses caring for older adults in public health settings are well positioned to make a difference in the management of older patients who may be at risk of endangering themselves or others on the roadways. In this article, information is provided for increasing nurses' awareness of the cognitive factors inhibiting effective driving, recognizing older adults who may be at risk for unsafe driving, and facilitating a patient/family to seek a driving evaluation.
The effect of the M43 and M17 protective masks on stereoacuity.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the M17 and M43 protective masks on stereoacuity. Twelve subjects were tested on the Keystone diagnostic series stereopsis test at nearpoint and the Howard-Dolman apparatus at 40 cm and 6 cm. Stereopsis was evaluated without a mask and with the M43 and M17 masks. Stereoacuity was decreased at near point with both masks and was not significantly affected at the 6-m distance
Heat acclimation does not alter rat mesenteric artery response to norepinephrine

Previous studies have shown that heat acclimation raises the temperature threshold for heat-induced splanchnic vasoconstriction in the rat (W. Haddad and M. Horowitz. Thermal Balance in Health and ...
Photonics and future datacenter networks

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on photonics and future data center networking. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the special features of data centers, system architectures, and applications supported; network configuration; problems with current cabling infrastructures; the set up of a typical commercial data centers; workload considerations; data center challenges; and new technologies that will support data centers in the future.
Experimental design in model-based research

The aim of this chapter is to provide a few examples of some common methods for using models in research studies. Other chapters also discuss experimental designs in the context of the specific subject being discussed. For example, there are many places in Chapter 16 describing experimental methods related to modeling studies of climate change. The summary here is far from complete because experimental methods are obviously closely tied to the objectives of a research project, which can vary widely. Nevertheless, the methods summarized are in wide use, and their strengths and limitations should be understood. Case studies for physical-process analysis Model simulations, generally for short time periods, are often used to study some aspect of a meteorological phenomenon. Sometimes the purpose is to better understand the predictability of a process, in terms of the necessary physical-process parameterizations or initial conditions. This is treated in Section 10.7 on predictive-skill studies. More often, the purpose is to use the model to help better understand the dynamics or kinematics of a physical process. The model is integrated from an initialization that is based on observations at the beginning of the study period. A next step in the process is to confirm that a good correspondence exists between the model simulation and the observations that are available during the simulation period. Good verification of the model skill at these observation locations is typically considered to be justification for believing the simulation in the space and time gaps between the observations.
Electrochemical reduction of 3‐phenyl‐1,2‐benzisoxazole 2‐oxide on boron‐doped diamond

The bioreduction of N-oxide compounds is the basis for the mode of action of a number of biologically active molecules. These compounds are thought to act by forming a reactive oxygen species through an intracellular reduction and subsequent redox cycling process within the organism. With these results in mind, the preliminary investigation into the electrochemical reduction of the benzisoxazole 2-oxide ring system was undertaken, with the thought that this class of compounds would reduce in a similar fashion to other N-oxide heterocycles. The electrochemical reduction of 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisoxazole 2-oxide on boron-doped diamond was studied using cyclic and square wave voltammetry as well as controlled potential electrolysis and HPLC for qualitative identification of the reaction products. It was found that the reduction proceeded with an initial quasi-reversible one-electron reduction followed by the very fast cleavage of either the endocyclic or exocyclic N–O bond. Subsequent electron transfer and protonation resulted in an overall two-electron reduction and formation of the 2-hydroxyaryl oxime and benzisoxazole. These results are analogous to those observed in the electrochemical reduction of other heterocyclic N-oxides albeit the reduction of the benzisoxazole N-oxides takes place at a more negative potential. However, these encouraging results warrant further investigation into the reduction potential of substituted benzisoxazole N-oxides as well as to elucidate and characterize the nature of the intermediate species involved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Box and match soft decision decoding of linear block codes with iterative information set reduction

The order statistic decoding (OSD) algorithm is a probabilistic list decoding algorithm which allows to achieve practically optimum soft decision decoding of binary linear block codes of length up to 128. Recently, matching techniques were applied to the OSD algorithm to reduce both the worst case and average complexities of decoding at the expense of memory. The corresponding box-and-match algorithm (BMA) allows to achieve near optimum decoding of codes of length up to 192. In this work, we investigate the application of iterative information set reduction to the BMA, which provides further refinements in the trade-offs between error performance and decoding complexity.
Nanoparticle silver coexposure reduces the accumulation of weathered persistent pesticides by earthworms.

Although the use of engineered nanomaterials continues to increase, how these materials interact with coexisting contaminants in the environment is largely unknown. The effect of silver (Ag) in bulk, ionic, and nanoparticle (NP; bare and polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated) forms at 3 concentrations (0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg; ion at 69 mg/kg, 138 mg/kg, 276 mg/kg) on the accumulation of field-weathered chlordane and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene + metabolites (DDX) by Eisenia fetida (earthworm) was investigated. Earthworm biomass and survival were unaffected by treatment. At the 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg exposure levels, NP-exposed earthworms contained significantly greater Ag (194-245%) than did the bulk exposed organisms; NP size or coating had no impact on element content. Generally, exposure to Ag of any type or at any concentration significantly reduced pesticide accumulation, although reductions for DDX (35.1%; 8.9-47.0%) were more modest than those for chlordane (79.0%; 17.4-92.9%). For DDX, the reduction in pesticide accumulation was not significantly affected by Ag type or concentration. For chlordane, the 3 NP exposures suppressed chlordane accumulation significantly more than did bulk exposure; earthworms exposed to bulk Ag contained 1170 ng/g chlordane, but levels in the NP-exposed earthworms were 279 ng/g. At the 500 mg/kg exposure, the smallest coated NPs exerted the greatest suppression in chlordane accumulation; at the 2 higher concentrations, chlordane uptake was unaffected by NP size or coating. The findings show that in exposed earthworms Ag particle size does significantly impact accumulation of the element itself, as well as that of coexisting weathered pesticides. The implications of these findings with regard to NP exposure and risk are unknown but are the topic of current investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1864-1871. © 2016 SETAC.
Update in HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfection in the direct acting antiviral era.

Purpose of review Availability of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) that demonstrate remarkable clinical efficacy and safety has revolutionized the ability to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). An equal measure of clinical success has now been achieved in persons coinfected with HCV and the HIV, a historically harder to cure cohort with interferon-based therapy. Global goals include identifying all HIV-HCV-infected persons, gaining access to DAA therapy, preventing de novo and reinfection, and managing the sequelae of chronic infection. This review will discuss advances in the field of HIV-HCV coinfection reported during the last 18 months, and will suggest areas for future investigation. Recent findings An expanding body of literature has enhanced our understanding of the clinical and epidemiologic issues surrounding HIV-HCV coinfection. DAA therapy for HCV is highly efficacious in HIV-HCV-coinfected persons if drug-drug interactions are appropriately considered. Summary Eradicating HCV infection in persons with HIV coinfection can be achieved safely and effectively with available DAAs. Economic and social approaches to enable access and delivery of curative HCV therapy to HIV-infected persons require continued research and resource allocation.
Clinical evaluation of the ballistocardiogram: II. Heart disease—Hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction☆

Abstract 1. 1. Analysis of ballistocardiographic tracings has been made in a group of 135 subjects with known cardiac disease. 2. 2. In the patients with essential hypertension and hypertensive heart disease, only 2 were found to have a completely normal ballistocardiogram at rest. 3. 3. Seventy-five per cent of the angina patients with negative resting electrocardiograms (and positive exercise electrocardiogram tests) showed abnormal ballistocardiographic patterns at rest. Of 5 angina patients with normal resting ballistocardiograms, the ballistocardiogram in 4 became abnormal only after exercise. 4. 4. The ballistocardiogram was abnormal at rest in over 92 per cent of the patients with previous myocardial infarction. 5. 5. Preliminary confirmatory evidence of the valuable aid of the ballistocardiogram in everyday clinical practice is presented.
Effect of parental RNA interference of a transformer-2 homologue on female reproduction and offspring sex determination in Asian citrus psyllid

Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of citrus huanglongbing (HLB). A comprehensive understanding of molecular components that govern key physiological traits in D. citri would promote the development of novel genetic control strategies to fight this pest. In the present study, a transformer 2 homologue (Dctra-2) implicated in embryonic sex differentiation in dipteran insects is targeted to interfere with the offspring sex ratio of D. citri. The results of the present study show that Dctra-2 is constitutively expressed at all developmental stages and in both females and males during the adult stage. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirms the double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) of the Dctra-2. RNAi effects in D. citri female adults can be transferred in a trans-generational manner to their eggs and progeny, which are commonly referred as parental RNAi. RNAi females lay fewer eggs, with a mean of 12.44, and the hatching rate of laid eggs is reduced approximately by 29.86% compared with the control. However, parental RNAi of Dctra-2 do not produce male-biased progeny. The results suggest that Dctra-2 is an effective RNAi target for use in the management of D. citri. In addition, the parental RNAi would provide an effective tool for studying the function of early embryonic genes in D. citri.
Role of Reflective Knowledge in the Development of Intercultural Competence

This paper is concerned with understanding how Saudi academic migrants utilized reflective knowledge to promote their development of Intercultural Competence. Two collective instrumental case studi...
Influence of Residents’ Race on Dispositions in a Psychiatric Walk-In Clinic

A retrospective survey of 517 patients seen by PG-1 residents in a psychiatric walk-in clinic was performed; significant differences are reported in diagnosis given and referrals made between black and white residents. These differences are discussed in terms of the staff’s perception of attitudinal differences between these two groups of residents.
Twists and Turns on the Road to Becoming a Physician-Scientist

In retrospect, it was a plain and simple case of sibling rivalry. My brother Robert (Bob) is three and a half years older than me, but he was a full seven years ahead of me in school. So as not to even try to compete, I took a different path. While Bob attained honors everywhere he turned, I barely finished high school, and when I did it was without an academic diploma. While Bob was in medical school at age 19, I finished high school and, at age 17, decided to join the US Coast Guard with my high school buddies. While Bob was the exemplary academic, I was the social butterfly. While Bob was the serious one, I had few cares growing up except for when and where the next party would take place.