cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating an authentic learning experience in introductory programming courses

We have developed an integrated, software-based course in scientific and statistical programming consisting of an introduction to computer programming and data analysis concepts. This course is being taught in an innovative way to non-majors: “stretched” over two quarters rather than taught in a single term. Classes meet in a computer classroom so students have a seamless lecture/laboratory experience to reinforce the concept that the computer should be made use of whenever needed, rather than only at specified lab times.In addition to presenting key programming and data analysis concepts, we are giving the course an applied research focus to illustrate to students the importance and utility of programming and statistical concepts to their own fields. This focus provides motivation for students to learn material they often perceive to be difficult and not relevant to them. It also provides a mechanism for addressing the increasing perception of faculty in a variety of technological fields that many students have problems with abstraction, the use of symbolic notation to understand or express ideas (e.g., through mathematical models), the interpretation of graphical information, and written communication, since all of these skills are needed in applied research.The software-based approach to teaching programming concepts dovetails nicely with the applied research orientation of the course in that the software we use is widely applicable to a variety of activities, from word-processing to data handling and analysis.
Romantic nationalism in Eastern Europe: Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian political imaginations

Romantic nationalism in Eastern Europe: Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian political imaginations, by Serhiy Bilenky, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2012, xi + 389 pp., US$65.00 (harcover), I...
α-γ Transformation in a Ce0.9Th0.1 alloy

Abstract A detailed study of the α-γ transformation in a Ce0.9Th0.1 alloy was carried out using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. The transformation proceeds without the appearance of an intermediate phase. Data on phase fractions, lattice constants, internal strains and thermal factors are presented. Over a limited region of temperature the lattice strain is proportional to the phase fraction. The Debye temperatures of the α and γ phases are nearly the same.
Acute effects of the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, disulfiram, pargyline and cyanamide, on circulating ketone body levels in the rat

Acetonemia is generally associated with the ketogenic states of fasting and diabetes. Disulfiram (DS), an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH) that is used as an alcohol deterrent drug, is also known to elevate blood acetone in humans, but in the absence of a commensurate increase in its metabolic precursor, acetoacetate. We reexamined the effects of DS and other AlDH inhibitors on circulating ketone body levels in male rats of Sprague-Dawley descent and again demonstrated a 6- and 16-fold increase in blood acetone along with normal levels of acetoacetate at 6 and 24 hr after DS. Pargyline, another inhibitor of AlDH, maintained normal blood acetone levels in the presence of reduced acetoacetate levels. A third inhibitor of AlDH, cyanamide, administered to fasted and nonfasted rats, elevated blood acetone levels 10-fold over controls, with, however, a commensurate 5- and 7-fold increase in blood acetoacetate levels. The threshold values for the cyanamide-induced elevation of blood acetone and acetoacetate were equivalent, i.e. approximately 0.25 mmol/kg body weight (i.p.). The elevation of acetoacetate and the inhibition of hepatic catalase activity by cyanamide are not mechanistically linked, since 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, another inhibitor of catalase, elevated blood acetone but not acetoacetate levels. These findings suggest that DS-induced acetonemia is due to inhibition of acetone metabolism, whereas enhanced acetone formation through acetoacetate contributes significantly to cyanamide-induced acetonemia.
Toward Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Inhibiting P-glycoprotein at the Blood-Brain Barrier with Prodrug Abacavir Dimers

Eradication of HIV reservoirs in the brain necessitates penetration of antiviral agents across the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a process limited by drug efflux proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells. We present an innovative chemical strategy toward the goal of therapeutic brain penetration of the P-gp substrate and antiviral agent abacavir, in conjunction with a traceless tether. Dimeric prodrugs of abacavir were designed to have two functions: inhibit P-gp efflux at the BBB and revert to monomeric therapeutic within cellular reducing environments. The prodrug dimers are potent P-gp inhibitors in cell culture and in a brain capillary model of the BBB. Significantly, these agents demonstrate anti-HIV activity in two T-cell-based HIV assays, a result that is linked to cellular reversion of the prodrug to abacavir. This strategy represents a platform technology that may be applied to other therapies with limited brain penetration due to P-glycoprotein.
Nursing and the Aging Workforce: Myths and Reality, What Do We Really Know?

Not unlike the general population, the population of nurses is aging. This trend is problematic for the nursing workforce in the light of a predicted shortage yet the extent of the effect of the aging population is unknown. What should individuals older than 45 years know to mitigate the effects of aging both physically and professionally? This article describes the magnitude of the aging nursing workforce issue, explores the myths and realities related to the aging process, discusses evidence-based strategies supporting healthy aging and retention of experienced nurses in one Magnet hospital, and introduces recommendations for further study.
Initial clinical presentation of cardiac disease in asymptomatic men with silent myocardial ischemia and angiographically documented coronary artery disease (the Oslo Ischemia Study)

Data concerning the natural history of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) has been limited to epidemiologic rather than angiographic studies, thus leading to uncertainty as to whether warning symptoms and signs will identify subjects with silent myocardial ischemia before morbid events. To address this issue, 50 apparently healthy men with angiographically proven CAD and asymptomatic exercise-induced ST depression have been followed prospectively for 15 years in the Oslo Ischemia Study. Fourteen men died. The initial presenting clinical event in these 14 men was chest pain in 4 (30%)--but in only 1 case was it recognized as typical angina--silent myocardial infarction in 5 (35%) and sudden death in 5 (35%). Thirty-six men survived, with 19 developing symptoms. Overall, chest pain was the first clinical event in 22 of the total of 33 men with symptoms (66%), whereas myocardial infarction occurred in 6 (18%) and sudden death in 5 (16%). Although chest pain occurred in 22 men, it was clinically diagnosed as typical angina pectoris in only 6. These observations suggest that there is an absence of clear-cut ischemic symptoms in many asymptomatic patients before morbid events.
Doc at a Distance

A team of scientists from the US Army's Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center is working to develop a new generation of remotely-controlled surgical robots that would allow military doctors, stationed safely distant from the front line, to perform operations without once putting their hands on patients. Part of the High Altitude Platforms Mobile Robotics Telesurgery project, this endeavor aims to demonstrate the concept of remote robotic surgery in the field, using a rugged surgical robot and an airborne communications link. With medical vehicles equipped with such remote-controlled robots, surgical care can be provided to soldiers in a lot less time than it would take to evacuate them to the nearest base or hospital. The team hopes these robots could also be used to bring advanced medical care not just to soldiers but to people in remote locations lacking in specialized physicians. A prototype of these remote-controlled robots is undergoing field testing at an isolated site north of Simi Valley in southwestern California to evaluate how well it performs outside the controlled environment of an operating with less than ideal conditions
Photochemical cyclization of N-butyl-N'-(9-acridinyl)thiourea.

The structure elucidation of 2-butylamino-1,3-thiazino-[4,5,6-kl]acridine, isolated after the reaction of 9-isothiocyanato-acridine with butylamine, is described. The same compound was found to be formed by photochemical cyclization of N-butyl-N'-(9-acridinyl)thiourea. The intense fluorescence of this cyclized product serves as the basis for the previously reported analysis of primary amines by reaction with 9-isothiocyanatoacridine.
Delayed heavy-particle emission from 24Al and 32Cl

Abstract The energy spectra of the delayed heavy particles emitted from levels in 24Mg and 32S following the beta decay of 24Al and 32Cl, respectively, are presented. Alpha transitions were found from the 11.23 MeV, 11.70 MeV and 12.13 MeV levels of 24Mg and from the 8.79 MeV and 9.47 MeV levels of 32S. Proton transitions were measured from the 9.65 MeV, 9.91 MeV and 10.26 MeV levels of 32S. The relative intensities of the positon decays to the heavy particle emitting levels of 32S were measured as well as the absolute positon branching ratio to the alpha particle unstable levels of 24Mg. The energy levels deduced in 24Mg and 32S are compared with known energy levels and their spin and parity assignments are discussed.
Free vibrations of a linear structure with arbitrary support conditions

Free vibrations of linear structure with arbitrary support by Rayleigh-Ritz method using unconstrained normal modes
Power management in Multi-port Power Electronic Interface (MPEI) based on on-line reliability monitoring

In this paper, a new reliability metric will be introduced for renewable energy system applications. The proposed reliability definition will be a function of power availability and system failure. Then, a reliability assessment technique based on Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) combined with Monte-Carlo simulation will be proposed. The proposed method is used for on-line reliability monitoring of a Multi-port Power Electronic Interface (MPEI). A power management algorithm is then presented in order to keep Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the MPEI subsystems between a hysteresis band. Finally, experimental results will be provided in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed on-line reliability assessment technique for power management in the MPEI.
Repeatability Precision of the Falling Number Procedure Under Standard and Modified Methodologies

The falling number (FN) procedure is used worldwide to assess the integrity of the starch stored within wheat seed. As an indirect measurement of the activity level of α-amylase, FN relies on a dedicated viscometer that measures the amount of time needed for a metal stirring rod of precise geometry to descend a fixed distance through a column of water–flour or water–meal slurry that undergoes enzyme-activated starch hydrolysis under controlled mixing and heating conditions. For U.S. wheat, FN values of 300 s and above generally indicate soundness in the condition of the seed starches, whereas values less than 300 s often indicate that some seeds have broken dormancy, which deleteriously affects bread-, cake-, and noodle-making quality of products derived from their flour. Domestic and especially overseas sales contracts will often specify a minimum FN value for consignments, thus making it critical to ensure that the FN procedure be highly precise. The study described herein examined the level of repeatab...
Non-destructive Analysis of Microgram Quantities of Silver by Radioactivation

A nondestructive method is described for determining microgram quantities of silver by analysis on a 256-channel pulse-height analyzer following activation in a nuclear reactor. (C.H.) 1782l A method is described for the determination of Cu in Be or BeO by extraction of the neocuproine complex with Methyl isobutyl ketone. The method is accurate to plus or minus 5% or plus or minus 2.5 micrograms of Cu, whichever is greater. The accuracy and sensitivity could be improved by appropriate choice of sample size, volume of extract and/or cell length. Of the 68 elements investigated, only Au interferes in 10 mg amounts; in this case a slight loss of Cu is caused by ooclusion or co- precipitation.
Survey of software and hardware VLC architectures

In implementation of hybrid compression algorithms, the Huffman or Modified Huffman codec can consume a significant portion of silicon real-estate or CPU cycles. To reduce this cost, several schemes have been published that take advantage of one or more inherent properties of the variable length code tables. This paper examines some of these properties and their corresponding architectural components which can be pieced together to form custom hybrids suited to specific applications. Hardware architectural classifications include: serial and parallel Trees, Content Addressable Memory, Programmable Logic Arrays, and parallel comparators schemes that resemble flash A/D architectures. Assessment criteria include: bit rate vs. symbolic rate performance, clock cycle ratios, latencies, pre-buffering and post- buffering, codebook and source channel statistical dependencies, encoder and decoder circuitry sharing, pre-processing of codebooks, critical path, register use in software, breakdown between memory and logical operators, custom vs. standard cells, and code word order. Finally, the performance and size of current industrial implementations for specific application (JPEG, MPEG) are summarized.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Monoclonal antibodies to Mojave toxin and use for isolation of cross-reacting proteins in Crotalus venoms.

E. D. Rael, R. J. Salo and H. Zepeda. Monoclonal antibodies to Mojave toxin and use for isolation of cross-reacting proteins in Crotalus venoms. Toxicon24, 661 – 668, 1986. — Hybridomas secreting monclonal antibodies against Mojave toxin were established. The antibodies were used for identifying cross-reacting proteins in individual C. s. scutulatus and other Crotalus venoms and to isolate Mojave toxin. The antibodies recognized five bands with a pI range from 5.1 to 6.1 in immunoblots of electrofocused crude venom and Mojave toxin purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. The specificity of the antibodies was for the basic subunit of the toxin, which resolved into four bands of pI between 9.3 and 9.6. Individual C. s. scutulatus venoms of snakes from Texas and southern Arizona had multiple bands with pI's ranging from 4.9 to 6.3. Cross-reacting proteins were also recognized by the antibodies in the electrophoresed venoms of C. basiliscus, C. d. durissus, C. d. terrificus, C. h. horridus and C. v. concolor, and may be isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibodies.
Understanding and attenuating the complexity catastrophe in Kauffman'sN K model of genome evolution

Kauffman's N K model—used for studying the performance of systems consisting of a finite number of components that interact with each other in complex ways—exhibits the complexity catastrophe, in which high levels of interaction in systems with a large number of components lead to a decrease in performance. It is shown here that the complexity catastrophe is a consequence of the mathematical assumptions underlying the N K model. Analysis and simulations are used to establish the idea that relaxing any one of these assumptions results in a new model in which the complexity catastrophe is attenuated. Thus, good performance from systems having high levels of interactions is possible. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Local buckling experiments on FRP columns

Abstract In this paper, local flange-buckling of thin-walled pultruded FRP columns is investigated. Experimental data are presented and correlated with theoretical predictions. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is found. Possible explanations for slight deviations in the experimental data are advanced. The experimental and data reduction procedures used to obtain the local buckling loads are presented. A new data reduction technique using Southwell's method is developed to interpret local buckling test data. The usefulness of the data reduction technique is demonstrated for various column sections and experimental conditions.
Observation of changes in membrane fluidity after infrared laser stimulation using a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe

It has been shown that exposure of live neurons to a low-intensity pulsed infrared light can be used to excite action potentials. Infrared pulsed laser coupled to an optical fiber can be utilized to create a rapid localized increase in temperature in the vicinity of the cell. The resulting temperature gradient leads to an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability, causing depolarization of the target cell. In order to characterize the fluidity of the cell membrane at various temperatures with and without pulsed IR light exposure, we used a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe di-4- ANEPPDHQ. This dye exhibits a fluorescent shift between the disordered and ordered phases of the membrane, and can be used to quantitatively evaluate the state of the membrane by calculating the generalized polarization (GP) value. Using high-speed imaging of cells exposed to a IR light of varying pulse width, it was determined that a longer pulse width leads to a greater change in the GP value. Comparison of GP values of cells at different ambient temperatures without the pulsed IR light exposure and cells exposed to pulsed IR light indicated that a rapid temperature gradient caused by the exposure to pulsed light induces a larger change in GP value than the ambient temperature increase alone, indicating a greater disruption of membrane fluidity and permeability.
Microstructures minimizing the energy of a two phase elastic composite in two space dimensions. I: The confocal ellipse construction

Abstract For modeling coherent phase transformations and for applications to structural optimization, it is of interest to identify microstructures with minimal energy or maximal stiffness. We present a new and appealingly simple class of extremal microstructures, which we call the confocal ellipse construction, for the case of a two-dimensional elastic composite made from two isotropic elastic materials. When the macroscopic stress and strain are isotropic, our construction reduces to the well-known “coated sphere” microstructure.
Recording apparatus and procedure for observation of behaviors of children in free play settings

Abstract This paper describes an apparatus and a procedure which have been developed to facilitate recordings in child observation studies. The apparatus consists of a panel of 12 button-switches connected to an Esterline-Angus pen recorder. An additional piece of apparatus was developed for training observers and for insuring interobserver agreement. Various behaviors of the child and the attending adult were defined. Each behavior corresponded with a designated button on the panel (or pen on the recorder). The apparatus kept a running account of both frequency and duration of each of these behaviors. The procedure can be used for analysis of interrelated behaviors of the child, as well as for studying covarying relationships between the child's behaviors and those of the attending adult. A series of studies was performed on (1) reliability of the observations, (2) assessing the effect of experimentally controlled varibles on various behaviors, (3) quantifications of behavior changes over time, (4) analyzing temporal relationships between various behaviors from the child, and (5) comparing the behaviors of normal and autistic children.
DEVELOPMENT OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR HAND-ARM VIBRATION MODELS USING OPTIMIZATION AND LINEARIZATION TECHNIQUES

Hand-arm vibration (HAV) models serve as an effective tool to assess the vibration characteristics of the hand-tool system and to evaluate the attenuation performance of vibration isolation mechanisms. This paper describes a methodology to identify the parameters of HAV models, whether linear or nonlinear, using mechanical impedance data and a nonlinear programming based optimization technique. Three- and four-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) linear, piecewise linear and nonlinear HAV models are formulated and analyzed to yield impedance characteristics in the 5-1000 Hz frequency range. A local equivalent linearization algorithm, based upon the principle of energy similarity, is implemented to simulate the nonlinear HAV models. Optimization methods are employed to identify the model parameters, such that the magnitude and phase errors between the computed and measured impedance characteristics are minimum in the entire frequency range. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through derivations of models that correlate with the measured X-axis impedance characteristics of the hand-arm system, proposed by ISO. The results of the study show that a linear model cannot predict the impedance characteristics in the entire frequency range, while a piecewise linear model yields an accurate estimation.
Dyadic Goal Setting and Role Stress: A Field Study

A field study was conducted over a 14 month period to examine goal setting as a dyadic, role making process between 46 managerial and staff employees (subordinates) and 15 officers and directors (s...
Singular perturbations of nonlinear boundary value problems with turning points

We assume that 0 , 0. We are particularly concerned with problems in which there is exactly one interior turning point for equation (1.2). That is, for each 6 > 0 there is a unique point a: E (0, 1) such that g(a, II((Y), ~‘(a)) = 0, and g(t, u(t), u’(t)) changes sign in a neighborhood of t =: CL In general OL depends on E, and is not known a priori. This behavior occurs, for example, in the cases
Surface display of a glucose binding protein

Abstract Glucose binding protein (GBP) from Escherichia coli has been widely used to develop minimally invasive glucose biosensors for diabetics. To develop a cell-based glucose biosensor, it is essential to functionally display GBP on the cell surface. In this study, we designed a molecular structure to display GBP on the outer membrane of E. coli . We fused GBP with the first nine N-terminal residues of Lpp (major E. coli lipoprotein) and the 46–150 residues of OmpA (an outer membrane protein of E. coli ). With this molecular design, we have successfully displayed GBP on the surface of E. coli . Using FITC-conjugated Dextran, we demonstrated that glucose’s binding sites of surface-displayed GBP were accessible to glucose. Furthermore, we showed that glucose transport in a GBP-deficient E. coli NM303 could be restored by displaying GBP on the surface of NM303. 0.51 h −1 of specific growth rate was attained for NM303/pESDG grown in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2 g/l glucose, whereas no growth was observed for NM303 in the same medium. Both NM303 and NM303/pESDG grew in M9 medium supplemented with 1 mM of fucose. Because cell surface is an interface between intracellular and extracellular molecular events, this technique paves a way to develop cell-based glucose biosensors.
Differentiation of North American and European forms of Fredericella sultana(Blumenbach) (Ectoprocta : Phylactolaemata)

Fredericella sultana (Blumenbach, 1779) has long been considered one of the few freshwater bryozoan species with a truly cosmopolitan distribution. However, chromosome spreads from European material show 2n = 16 compared to 2n = 14 in North American specimens. In laboratory rearing the two forms are morphologically indistinguishable except for the surface texture of their statoblasts. Smooth statoblasts of European colonies match early illustrations of the species, while the densely pitted statoblasts of the North American form resemble those of F. indica Annandale 1909. On the basis of these observations we tentatively designate the North American ‘F. sultana’ as F. indica. The only known American species with smooth statoblasts is F. australiensis Goddard 1909, in which the 2n = 16 karyotype is similar or identical to European F. sultana; however, despite this karyotypic similarity the two species retain their distinguishing morphology when reared together in the laboratory. Two enzymes from a single specimen of European F. sultana were electrophoretically distinct from the corresponding enzymes present in samples of both F. australiensis and North American ‘F. sultana’. Four phosphoglucose isomerase alleles were present in North American ‘F. aultana’ from four geographically separated collection sites, although only one genotype for this locus was observed in material from any one site. These genetic findings are consistent with a relatively short-range dispersal potential in this species as compared to Plumatella species.
Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Is Subtotal Stomach Preserving Better or Pylorus Preserving?

Background Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the main complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Literature review and meta-analysis were used to evaluate whether subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) may have less incidence than pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).
Humpback whale song hierarchical structure: Historical context and discussion of current classification issues

Consistent and well-defined criteria for the classification and measurement of humpback whale song features are essential for robust comparisons between investigators. Song structure terminology has been well-established and used by many authors, though at times inconsistently. This review discusses the development of the nomenclature describing humpback song and explores the potential significance of the often-overlooked variation in song patterns. Within the hierarchical definition of humpback song, the most problematic issues arise from the inconsistent delineation of phrase types, and the use of the metric of song duration without regards to variability in thematic sequence. With regards to the former, a set of guidelines is suggested to facilitate consistent delineation of phrases. With regards to the latter, current research demonstrates that the “song duration” metric has resulted in the disregard of variability at this level, which is more widespread than traditionally reported. An exemplar case is used to highlight the problem inherent in defining and measuring song duration. Humpback song is evaluated within the framework of avian songbird research, and a shift in analysis paradigm is recommended, towards phrase-based analyses in which sequences of phrases are treated as a salient feature of song pattern.
Endoscopic injection of bleeding esophageal varices with a poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel formulation in the canine portal hypertension model

Abstract Background: It has been shown that poly- N -acetyl glucosamine produces rapid hemostasis by stimulating erythrocyte aggregation. Endoscopic injection of this substance may be effective in the treatment of bleeding varices. Methods: In eight heparinized dogs with a bleeding esophageal varix greater than 2 mm in diameter, 2.5% to 3.5% poly- N -acetyl glucosamine gel was injected intravariceally and paravariceally. Endoscopy, endosonography, and histopathology were performed at 1, 7, 21, and 90 days after injection. Results: In all cases, the variceal hemorrhage was stopped with three to four injections of a mean total gel volume of 1.9 mL. No recurrence of bleeding, ulceration, or stricture formation occurred. Through replacement of the gel by connective tissue, the varix was permanently obliterated in its whole course in five cases and in more than 70% of its length in three cases. No embolization and no poly- N -acetyl glucosamine antibodies were detected. Conclusions: Endoscopic injection of bleeding esophageal varices in this animal model with the use of poly- N -acetyl glucosamine gel was an effective and safe method for stopping the hemorrhage and inducing permanent varix obliteration.
Coexistence curve of a binary mixture

Abstract We report precise measurements of the refractive index as a function of temperature in the one- and two-phase region near the consolute point in the binary mixture methanol—cyclohexane. By measuring forty-four data points over four decades in ϵ = (Tc - T)/Tc, 6 × 10−6
Lossy source transmission over the relay channel

Lossy transmission over a relay channel in which the relay has access to correlated side information is considered. First, a joint source-channel decode-and-forward scheme is proposed for general discrete memoryless sources and channels. Then the Gaussian relay channel where the source and the side information are jointly Gaussian is analyzed. For this Gaussian model, several new source-channel cooperation schemes are introduced and analyzed in terms of the squared-error distortion at the destination. A comparison of the proposed upper bounds with the cut-set lower bound is given, and it is seen that joint source-channel cooperation improves the reconstruction quality significantly. Moreover, the performance of the joint code is close to the lower bound on distortion for a wide range of source and channel parameters.
A 30-Year Historical Examination of Ethical Concerns Regarding Business Ethics: Who’s Concerned?

Understanding the ethical attitudes and concerns of future business leaders has been the focus of increasing research attention. Largely, this is due to the influence of such perspectives, as it is these presently held ideologies that ultimately translate into the actions and behaviors of the forthcoming workforce. This research examines how such business-related ethicality perspectives have evolved by administering a nationwide survey that builds on two Journal of Business Ethics studies, Beltramini et al. (J Bus Ethics 3:195–200, 1984) and Peterson et al. (J Bus Ethics 10:733–738, 1991), resulting in the latest segment of a three-decade historical perspective of ethical concerns. Our findings indicate fundamental shifts regarding the nature of concerns, and provide a number of practical and theoretical contributions to the ethics literature, bringing us one step closer to more comprehensively understanding, and ultimately enhancing ethical practices in business.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of fumaronitrile

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of fumaronitrile are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. Each of the vibrational modes was assigned to one of eight types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (C–H stretch, CN stretch, CC stretch, C–C stretch, CC–C bend, C–CN bend, C–H wag, and C–CC–C torsion) utilizing the C 2 h symmetry of the molecule. Uniform scaling factors was derived for each type of motion. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported.
Locally correlated equation-of-motion coupled cluster theory for the excited states of large molecules

We report an extension of the local correlation concept to electronically excited states via the equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) method. We apply the same orbital domain structure used successfully for ground-state CCSD by Werner and co-workers and find that the resulting localized excitation energies are in error generally by less than 0.2 eV relative to their canonical EOM-CCSD counterparts, provided the basis set is flexible and includes Rydberg-like functions. In addition, we account for weak-pair contributions efficiently using a correction to local-EOM-CCSD transition energies based on the perturbative (D) correction used with configuration interaction singles (CIS).
Third-trimester amniotic fluid metal levels associated with preeclampsia.

Abstract Studies of maternal amniotic fluid and serum at delivery have revealed the presence of toxic metals or deficiencies of essential metals associated with high-risk pregnancy. Essential and toxic metal levels were studied in 29 preeclamptic and 101 normal pregnancies. The authors grouped the samples according to the following gestation ages: 33–36 wk (48 normal and 10 preeclamptic) and 37–40 wk (53 normal and 19 preeclamptic). The metals studied were calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, cadmium, and lead. Comparisons of the 33–36-wk gestation group showed significant differences between normal and preeclamptic amniotic fluid in levels of lead, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium. There were also significant differences in levels of magnesium, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead during the gestation period of 37–40 wk. The changes observed in calcium and lead levels were consistent with the results of animal studies in which investigators have found depressed calcium transport associated with s...
Lyapunov Based Performance Guarantees for the Potential Field Lane-keeping Assistance System

Active lane-keeping assistance systems hold the potential to save thousands of lives every year, but require an approach that can simultaneously work cooperatively with the driver and provide a guaranteed level of safety. One approach that meets these dual demands is to passively couple the vehicle to the environment using the paradigm of "artificial" potential fields. This paper develops such a controller and demonstrates that with appropriate choice of a preview or look-ahead distance, the lateral and yaw dynamics effectively decouple, enabling a tight energy-based bound on lateral error. Since this control scheme does not attempt to track a desired trajectory, disturbances encountered during normal driving (such as road curvature) will alter the path of the vehicle. However, the energy theoretic framework can be used to develop a Lyapunov-based bound that handles general time-varying disturbances. This technique provides bounds on the lateral motion of the vehicle that are sufficiently tight to use as a design tool. Experimental results verify that this bound, and the system structure itself, work well in practice, providing guaran teed assistance in a cooperative manner. Language: en
Collective modes of the axi-planar phase

Equations governing the collective mode frequencies of the axi-planar phase of a uniform spin triplet p-wave superfluid are obtained using a time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model.
Opportunistic Mycoses in the Immunocompromised Host: Experience at a Cancer Center and Review

The field of opportunistic mycoses in the patient with cancer is rapidly changing. Not only are fungal infections increasing in frequency in this patient population, but these infections are occurring earlier during the course of cytotoxic chemotherapy, and newer fungi are increasingly recognized as potentially lethal pathogens. Candidiasis remains the most commonly encountered infection. The spectrum of disease includes candidemia and acute and chronic disseminated candidiasis. Pulmonary aspergillosis and disseminated aspergillosis are common and remain relatively resistant to therapy. Disseminated fusariosis and trichosporosis are almost always fatal in the setting of persistent profound neutropenia. Therapy for these mycoses relies on the use of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Newer antifungal agents, such as fluconazole and itraconazole, appear to exhibit good activity against a variety of fungi. Newer approaches need to be tested for the treatment of the more-resistant mycoses and may include the use of maximally tolerated doses of antifungal agents, colony-stimulating factors, and combination therapy.
Interpreting Quantum Field Theory

The availability of unitarily inequivalent representations of the canonical commutation relations constituting a quantization of a classical field theory raises questions about how to formulate and pursue quantum field theory. In a minimally technical way, I explain how these questions arise and how advocates of the Hilbert space and of the algebraic approaches to quantum theory might answer them. Where these answers differ, I sketch considerations for and against each approach, as well as considerations which might temper their apparent rivalry.
Structure, Composition, and Thermal Expansion of CO2 Hydrate from Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Measurements†

The structure and composition of CO2 hydrate were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data at 173 K for a crystal grown over heavy water and liquid CO2. Superior diffraction data allowed the derivation of a structural model of unprecedented quality for the hydrate, giving the location of the disordered CO2 molecules in the two cages. In the large cage, the guests are shown to be off-center, with a bimodal distribution of out-of-plane orientations for the long axis of the molecule (173 K). Also, the absolute cage occupancies were determined from the structural model, thus allowing a reliable and direct evaluation of the hydrate composition for this crystal, CO2·6.20(15) D2O. The temperature dependence of the lattice parameters for the single crystal was measured between 123 and 223 K and found to be in good agreement with recent neutron powder diffraction results, and data from all sources were fit to a single polynomial function. The hydrate composition and density are discussed in terms of t...
Carbon isotopes in continental weathering environments and variations in ancient atmospheric CO2 pressure

Abstract Abundance and carbon isotope data from an Fe(CO3)OH component in apparent solid solution in oolitic goethites have been used to infer ancient atmospheric CO2 pressures. A test of the validity of these estimates might be comparisons of the carbon isotope compositions of Fe(CO3)OH in oolitic goethites with time-equivalent pedogenic calcites. Temporal trends of the oolitic goethite and pedogenic calcite δ13C values are generally similar, but time-equivalent samples from each of these two groups are not common in the existing data. To facilitate discussion of the concept, comparisons were made of available goethite and calcite samples even though ages of the compared samples in each pair were not identical. In four out of the five comparisons, Fe(CO3)OH abundance and δ13C data were combined with pedogenic calcite δ13C data to calculate physically reasonable soil CO2 concentrations for the ancient calcitic soids. This suggests that the compared oolitic goethite and pedogenic calcite systems were responding to the same global scale phenomenon (i.e., atmospheric CO2). Atmospheric PCO2 as determined from the goethites in these four “well-behaved” cases ranged from values indistinguishable from modern (within analytical uncertainty) to values up to approximately 16 time modern (modern atmospheric PCO2 was taken to be 10−3.5 atm). One interpretation of the fifth, “anomalous”, comparison is that atmospheric CO2 levels increased from about 3 times modern to about 18 times modern from the Triassic into the Early Jurassic. This inferred value for the PCO2 of the Early Jurassic atmosphere is not uniquely constrained by the existing data and needs to be substantiated. However, even considerably lower Early Jurassic atmospheric PCO2 values of 6 to 9 times modern (i.e., 1/3 to 1/2 of the estimated value of 18 times modern) would still indicate significant differences between the global carbon cycles then and now. These results highlight the need for more research on the behavior of the atmosphere during and after the Triassic-Jurassic transition.
Variations in appointment delays for physicians' services: Theory and empirical evidence

Waiting times for physician appointments have been used in past studies as a measure of access to, or excess demand pressure on, local ambulatory care systems. This paper offers an alternative view—that short appointment delays are one of several types of amenities produced by physicians in combination with health services. Empirical evidence is presented that illuminates some previously unknown relationships between appointment delays, patient diagnosis, site of care, and family income. A model is developed with the capability of predicting short-run responses to changes in demand for physicians' services. The model and empirical evidence are used as the basis for interpreting recent experience in Canada with its system of national health insurance (NHI) and for predicting potential consequences regarding the production of amenities of NHI in the US.
Encouraging Student-Athletes' Academic Success Through Task Orientation Goal-Setting

Student-athletes' "ego orientation," which is oriented toward the goal of producing sports success, fails in most educational settings whereas "task orientation" is more effective in encouraging educational development. By recognizing this goal-setting difference, advisors can better steer collegiate student-athletes toward academic success.
Radioxenon washout for the diagnosis of low-flow mesenteric ischemia

Abstract Angiogram is accepted as one of the investigations necessary to establish the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Unfortunately, the changes seen in the mesenteric arteriogram of patients with low-flow intestinal ischemia are not always clear and easily interpreted. In this study the washout of an intraarterial injection of radioxenon (133Xe), from nonocclusive ischemic bowel, was recorded to determine if it might aid in the diagnosis of low-flow ischemia. For these investigations, a model of low-flow mesenteric ischemia was produced by infusion of noradrenalin into the dog's superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Under experimental conditions of normal and low mesenteric blood flow, the percentage disappearance at 2 min (washout), from the bowel, of a bolus intraarterial (SMA) injection of radioxenon was recorded to determine if this gave a measure of the intestinal blood flow. It was found that Xe washout and the corresponding SMA blood flow, measured with an electromagnetic flow probe, correlated well in the normal and nonocclusive ischemic bowel (r = 0.924). Measurement of the washout of an intraarterial injection of 133Xe to the bowel may be a helpful adjunct to arteriogram for the clinical diagnosis of low-flow mesenteric ischemia.
Transient Heat Transfer of Piston/Rings/Liner System in Diesel Engines

In diesel engines, transient heat transfer in the piston/rings/liner system greatly affects the performance of the engine, such as in carbon deposit buildup, microwelding, lubricant degradation, and changing mechanical properties of the materials. The current work aims at studying the local piston/rings/liner transient heat-transfer process by incorporating real time dynamics of the rings in sufficient detail. In the present study, several techniques have been adopted to simulate the transient heat transfer process, with fully-incorporated ring dynamics. These techniques include using the model/submodel approach, local refined mesh approach, and the virtual thermal conductivity approach. The transient temperature and heat flux profiles in the piston and rings are illustrated. The results show that the relative movement of the rings greatly affects the temperature/heat flux distribution and the peak temperature in the top ring. The friction heating between the top ring and the liner is also evaluated. The analysis demonstrates that under some extreme conditions when frictional heating reaches its peak value, some heat flux directs back to enter the ring.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Characterization of hydrodynamic parameters in a multistage column contactor

Accurate knowledge of hydrodynamic parameters is of major importance for the performance study of liquid-liquid column extractors. The effects of operating parameters on dispersed phase holdup profiles, drop size distributions, and axial mixing in both phases were investigated in a 127 mm diameter multistage contactor of pilot plant scale for the toluene-water physically equilibrated system. Correlations for the mean holdup, the mean drop size, and the continuous phase backmixing were obtained. A stronger dependence of holdup and drop size on the operating conditions and especially on the agitation speed was observed as compared to previous investigations for the same type of contactor. The axial mixing for the single phase flow was found to follow adequately an existing correlation, while the continuous-phase axial mixing in two-phase flows showed some deviations from other existing correlations. Also, flooding criteria, important for the control of the extraction process, were determined based on the shape of the holdup profiles. II est tres important de connaitre exactement les parametres hydrodynamiques pour I'etude de performance des extracteurs a colonne liquide-liquide. Les effets des parametres d'operation sur les profils de retention de la phase dispersee, les distributions de taille des particules et le melange axial dans les deux phases, ont ete etudies dans un contacteur pilote multietage de 127 mm de diametre pour le systeme equilibre physiquement toluene-eau. On a obtenu des correlations pour la retention moyenne, la taille moyenne des gouttes et le retromelange en phase continue. On a observe une forte dependance de la retention et de la taille des gouttes par rapport aux conditions d'operation et en particulier par rapport e la vitesse d'agitation comparativement e des recherches anterieures pour le meme type de contacteur. On a trouve que le melange axial pour I'ecoulement de la phase simple suivait bien une correlation existante, tandis que le melange axial en phase continue dans les ecoulements diphasiques montrent quelques ecarts avec les autres correlations existantes. En outre, on a determine des criteres d'engorgement, importants pour le controle du processus d'extraction, en se basant sur la forme des profils de retention.
Community-Acquired MRSA Pyomyositis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is responsible for a broad range of infections. We report the case of a 46-year-old gentleman with a history of untreated, uncomplicated Hepatitis C who presented with a 2-month history of back pain and was found to have abscesses in his psoas and right paraspinal muscles with subsequent lumbar spine osteomyelitis. Despite drainage and appropriate antibiotic management the patient's clinical condition deteriorated and he developed new upper extremity weakness and sensory deficits on physical exam. Repeat imaging showed new, severe compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina from C1 to the sacrum by a spinal epidural abscess. After surgical intervention and continued medical therapy, the patient recovered completely. This case illustrates a case of CA-MRSA pyomyositis that progressed to lumbar osteomyelitis and a spinal epidural abscess extending the entire length of the spinal canal.
Moving Beyond Numbers: What Female Judges Say about Different Judicial Voices

ABSTRACT. Although women outnumber men entering law school, women remain underrepresented in the judiciary. In 2007, women comprised approximately 23 percent of federal judges and 21 percent of state judges. This article examines if and how women's different experiences, attitudes, and values affect jurisprudence. Specifically, what can qualitative research tell us about gendered “voices” and judicial representation? We explore these questions with a sample of 13 female family court judges from one Eastern state. While the judges acknowledged and sometimes even celebrated how being female affected their jurisprudence, they also simultaneously downplayed gender differences. Our respondents stressed that they believe that both male and female judges ultimately reach the same legal conclusion, but they do so by following different gender‐related paths. Despite the judges' ambiguity, we found support for Gilligan's different voice perspective and the role that gender may play in legal reasoning; the majority ...