cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The first quarter of the C-terminal domain of Abelson regulates the WAVE regulatory complex and Enabled in axon guidance

Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a key role in axon guidance in linking guidance receptors to actin dynamics. The long C-terminal domain (CTD) of Drosophila Abl is important for this role, and previous work identified the ‘first quarter’ (1Q) of the CTD as essential. Here, we link the physical interactions of 1Q binding partners to Abl’s function in axon guidance. Protein binding partners of 1Q were identified by GST pulldown and mass spectrometry, and validated using axon guidance assays in the embryonic nerve cord and motoneurons. The role of 1Q was assessed genetically, utilizing a battery of Abl transgenes in combination with mutation or overexpression of the genes of pulled down proteins, and their partners in actin dynamics. The set of Abl transgenes had the following regions deleted: all of 1Q, each half of 1Q (‘eighths’, 1E and 2E) or a PxxP motif in 2E, which may bind SH3 domains. GST pulldown identified Hem and Sra-1 as binding partners of 1Q, and our genetic analyses show that both proteins function with Abl in axon guidance, with Sra-1 likely interacting with 1Q. As Hem and Sra-1 are part of the actin-polymerizing WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), we extended our analyses to Abi and Trio, which interact with Abl and WRC members. Overall, the 1Q region (and especially 2E and its PxxP motif) are important for Abl’s ability to work with WRC in axon guidance. These areas are also important for Abl’s ability to function with the actin regulator Enabled. In comparison, 1E contributes to Abl function with the WRC at the midline, but less so with Enabled. The 1Q region, and especially the 2E region with its PxxP motif, links Abl with the WRC, its regulators Trio and Abi, and the actin regulator Ena. Removing 1E has specific effects suggesting it may help modulate Abl’s interaction with the WRC or Ena. Thus, the 1Q region of Abl plays a key role in regulating actin dynamics during axon guidance.
High Frequency Ultrasound Image Recovery Using Tight Frame Generative Adversarial Networks

In ultrasound imaging, there is a trade-off between imaging depth and axial resolution because of physical limitations. Increasing the center frequency of the transmitted ultrasound wave improves the axial resolution of resulting image. However, High Frequency (HF) ultrasound has a shallower depth of penetration. Herein, we propose a novel method based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for achieving a high axial resolution without a reduction in imaging depth. Results on simulated phantoms show that a mapping function between Low Frequency (LF) and HF ultrasound images can be constructed.
Monitoring Lyα Emission from the Blazar 3C 279

The blazar 3C 279 is well studied and shows frequent large continuum flares from radio to γ-ray wavelengths. There have been a number of multiwavelength observations of 3C 279, and hence there are extensive ultraviolet data for this object available in the UV archives. In this paper we present Lyα emission line measurements for 3C 279 using all the archival IUE SWP spectra from 1988 to 1996 and all archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) G190H spectra from 1992 to 1996. Individual archival IUE spectra of 3C 279 show weak Lyα emission at ~1868 A (z = 0.536), which is easily seen in the co-added data. The Lyα emission is observed in all the HST/FOS spectra. The strength of Lyα is nearly constant (~5 × 10-14 ergs cm-2 s-1), while the 1750 A continuum varies by a factor of ~50, from ~0.6 to 31.6 × 10-15 ergs cm-2 s-1 A-1. The behavior of the Lyα emission line flux and continuum flux is similar to that of the only other well observed blazar, 3C 273, which shows constant line flux while the continuum varies by a factor of ~3. This near-constancy of emission-line flux in the two best-studied blazars suggests that the highly variable beamed continuum is not a significant source of photoionization for the gas. Some other source, such as thermal emission from an accretion disk, must be providing a significant fraction of the photoionizing flux in these objects. The large amplitude variability seen at γ-ray energies must be due to changes in the energetic electrons in the jet rather than changes in the external photon field.
An optical tomographic method to characterize the mist distribution in MQL Tools

Abstract Proper mist flow is important to Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining as only a small amount of lubricant-air mixture is applied to the cutting zone. This paper presents an optical-tomography-based method to visualize the lubricant distribution of MQL mist flow in through-tool channels, particularly for drilling. High-speed images of the flow are acquired from multiple view angles to capture the 2D projections of 3D flow. The Filter Back Projection (FBP) algorithm is used to perform tomography and produce tomographic reconstruction image of the lubricant distribution in the through-tool channels. The method is validated with a known annular flow created using a vertical pipe flow. The method is also applied to two 3D printed drill bits, one with two straight channels and another with two helical channels to emulate actual through-tool channel geometries of drills. The tomographic reconstructions obtained using FBP match with the literature and show a clear influence of the channel geometry on the lubricant distribution. Physical, imaging, and lighting requirements to achieve proper results using this technique are also detailed in the paper.
Ventral arkypallidal neurons inhibit accumbal firing to promote reward consumption.

The nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and the ventral pallidum (VP) are critical for reward processing, although the question of how coordinated activity within these nuclei orchestrates reward valuation and consumption remains unclear. Inhibition of NAcSh firing is necessary for reward consumption, but the source of this inhibition remains unknown. Here, we report that a subpopulation of VP neurons, the ventral arkypallidal (vArky) neurons, project back to the NAcSh, where they inhibit NAcSh neurons in vivo in mice. Consistent with this pathway driving reward consumption via inhibition of the NAcSh, calcium activity of vArky neurons scaled with reward palatability (which was dissociable from reward seeking) and predicted the subsequent drinking behavior during a free-access paradigm. Activation of the VP–NAcSh pathway increased ongoing reward consumption while amplifying hedonic reactions to reward. These results establish a pivotal role for vArky neurons in the promotion of reward consumption through modulation of NAcSh firing in a value-dependent manner. Inhibition of nucleus accumbens neurons is crucial for reward consumption. Vachez, Tooley et al. characterize arkypallidal neurons in the ventral pallidum that inhibit accumbal neurons to sustain reward consumption in a value-dependent manner.
Dynamics of child care subsidy use and material hardship

Abstract Child care subsidies aim to promote economic stability and child development by reducing child care costs for low-income families. However, short and intermittent use of the subsidy program raises concerns about its potential interference with promoting the economic well-being of low-income parents. Limited research has explored the implication of subsidy instability on material hardship and the role of social support in this context. This study examines how different patterns of subsidy instability contribute to the risk of material hardship and whether informal social support buffers the negative association of subsidy instability with material hardship risk. Findings are based on a survey of child care subsidy participants who entered the program in 2011/2012 in Illinois and New York (n = 543). The survey was administered approximately 18 months after program entry. Descriptively, about two-thirds of subsidy participants (former and current) experienced some form of material hardship. Multivariate results find that compared to continuous subsidy spells, different patterns of subsidy instability are associated with an increased risk of material hardship. Social support mitigates material hardship risk, particularly for recipients who have recently left the subsidy program. Results suggest that policy efforts to improve subsidy stability would have positive implications for alleviating hardship. Recent policy changes designed to improve subsidy stability are discussed.
ASHLEY: A New Empirical Model for the High-Latitude Electron Precipitation and Electric Field

In this study, a new high-latitude empirical model is introduced, named for Auroral energy Spectrum and High-Latitude Electric field variabilitY (ASHLEY). This model aims to improve specifications ...
Evolutionary Algorithms for Multi-Objective Optimization of Drone Controller Parameters.

Drones are effective for reducing human activity and interactions by performing tasks such as exploring and inspecting new environments, monitoring resources and delivering packages. Drones need a controller to maintain stability and to reach their goal. The most well-known drone controllers are proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and proportional-derivative (PD) controllers. However, the controller parameters need to be tuned and optimized. In this paper, we introduce the use of two evolutionary algorithms, biogeography-based optimization~(BBO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), for multi-objective optimization (MOO) to tune the parameters of the PD controller of a drone. The combination of MOO, BBO, and PSO results in various methods for optimization: vector evaluated BBO and PSO, denoted as VEBBO and VEPSO; and non-dominated sorting BBO and PSO, denoted as NSBBO and NSPSO. The multi-objective cost function is based on tracking errors for the four states of the system. Two criteria for evaluating the Pareto fronts of the optimization methods, normalized hypervolume and relative coverage, are used to compare performance. Results show that NSBBO generally performs better than the other methods.
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: what we know and do not know.

Development of vaccines to fight COVID19 has been a remarkable medical achievement. However, this global immunization effort has been complicated by a rare vaccine-related outcome characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in association with platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies. In this Spotlight article, we will discuss the recently described complication of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) occurring in response to certain COVID19 vaccines. Although information about this clinical condition is rapidly evolving, we will summarize our current understanding of VITT.
Cochlear T2 Signal May Predict Hearing Outcomes After Resection of Acoustic Neuroma.

Objective Examine the impact of preoperative cochlear Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition (FIESTA) and Constructive Interference in Steady State (CISS) signal intensity on hearing outcomes after middle cranial fossa (MCF) resection of acoustic neuroma (AN). Methods Adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent MCF AN resection for hearing preservation (HP) between November 2017 and September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had preoperative word recognition score (WRS) ≥50%. HP was defined as postoperative WRS ≥50%. A neuroradiologist blinded to patients' clinical and audiometric outcomes reviewed patients' preoperative magnetic resonance images. Ipsilateral-to-contralateral cochlear FIESTA/CISS signal intensity ratios were determined using hand-drawn regions of interest focused on the cochlear fluid. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and WRS were reviewed. Results Fifty-one patients were reviewed (60.8% female). Mean age was 47 years and mean tumor size 9.2 mm (±3.8). Hearing was preserved in 56.9% (n = 29). FIESTA/CISS signal ratios did not significantly differ between patients with and without HP. Lower FIESTA/CISS signal ratios correlated with greater declines in hearing (r = 0.322, p = 0.011 for PTA; and r = 0.384, p = 0.004 for WRS). On multivariate analysis accounting for tumor size and preoperative PTA/WRS, decreases in FIESTA/CISS signal ratios independently predicted greater declines in hearing by PTA (b = -100.9, p = 0.012) and WRS (b = 76.208), although the latter result was not statistically significant (p = 0.078). Conclusions Cochlear FIESTA/CISS signal intensity may be a predictor of postoperative hearing loss after MCF AN resection. In this cohort, degraded preoperative cochlear FIESTA/CISS signal strongly predicted postoperative hearing loss.Level of Evidence: IV.
Development of evidence-based clinical pathways for an outpatient oncology acute care clinic.

e18676Background: Oncology patients frequently experience acute physical symptoms related to cancer and its treatment. Management of symptoms is best accomplished using evidence-based clinical care...
The Jews of early modern Marburg, 1640s—1800: A case study in family and household organization

This article examines Jewish household and family organization in a middle-sized German city, the Upper Hessian regional center of Marburg, the population of which ranged from 2500 to 6000 from the Thirty Years War to the end of the 18th century. Some general hypotheses about population development, household structure, and family life conveniently summarized by Toch [Toch, M. (1995). Aspects of stratification in early modern German Jewry: Population history and village Jews. In R. P. Hsia & H. Lehmann (Eds.). In and out of the ghetto: Jewish-Gentile relations in late medieval and early modern Germany (pp. 77-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] serve as an organizational frame for the case study. In Toch's view, Jews' comparative wealth, as well as governmental restrictions on their settlement and marriage in central Europe, led to their having larger and more complex households than those of the Christian majority. While household enumerations over time confirm several of Toch's observations, esp...
A Restatement of Corporate Freezeouts

Apparently overruling earlier decisions, the Supreme Court of Delaware has recently declared that a merger effected "for the sole purpose of freezing out minority stockholders . . . is an abuse of the corporate process . . . [and a] violation of a fiduciary duty for which the Court may grant ... relief."' In Singer v. Magnavox Co.,2 a parent corporation had merged with its eighty-four-percent-owned subsidiary. Minority stockholders of the subsidiary had received only cash for their shares and thus had been eliminated from participation in the combined enterprise. The court confirmed that the parent owed a fiduciary duty to the minority by reason of its status as majority stockholder, but then-in what is generally viewed as a new development in Delaware law-the court held that this duty would not be met unless a corporate purpose for the merger, other than mere elimination of the minorityheld stock, were supported by the evidence. In Tanzer v. International General Industries, Inc.,3 decided a few weeks after Singer, the court resolved the question of whose corporate purpose was relevant in parent-subsidiary mergers by holding that a merger that conveyed an economic benefit to the parent corporation sufficed to meet the standard of fiduciary conduct erected in Singer, provided that the transaction was otherwise "entirely fair" to the minority stockholders of the subsidiary. In effect, the displacement of a subsidiary's public stockholders was held to be lawful under the Delaware statute if, but only if, a commercial benefit could be demon-
Elective irradiation of pelvic lymph nodes during postprostatectomy salvage radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Success rates with salvage radiotherapy (SRT) in men who have a postprostatectomy biochemical relapse are suboptimal. One treatment-intensification strategy includes elective irradiation of the pelvic lymph nodes with whole pelvis radiotherapy (WPRT). METHODS: An inter-institutional retrospective cohort study compared outcomes for patients who received SRT at 2 separate academic institutions with disparate treatment paradigms: almost exclusively favoring WPRT (n = 112) versus limiting treatment to the prostate bed (PBRT) (n = 135). Patients were excluded if they had lymph node involvement or if they received androgen-deprivation therapy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: In total, 247 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 4 years. The pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.58; P < .0001) and a Gleason score of 8 to 10 (adjusted HR, 3.21; P < .0001) were identified as independent predictors of increased risk of biochemical PSA progression after SRT. However, WPRT was not independently associated with biochemical progression-free survival in the multivariate model (adjusted HR, 0.79; P = .20). Neither low-risk patients nor high-risk patients (defined a priori by a preoperative PSA level ≥20 ng/mL, a pathologic Gleason score between 8 and 10, or pathologic T3 tumor classification) benefited from WPRT. Overall survival was similar between treatment groups. When restricting the analysis to patients with pre-SRT PSA levels ≥0.4 ng/mL (n = 139), WPRT was independently associated with a 53% reduction in the risk of biochemical progression (adjusted HR, 0.47; P = .031). CONCLUSIONS: WPRT did not improve outcomes among the entire group but was independently associated with improved biochemical control among patients with pre-SRT PSA levels ≥0.4 ng/mL. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Moody Investing and the Supreme Court: Rethinking Materiality of Information and Reasonableness of Investors

This Article critically analyzes the judicial decisions and reasoning of the United States Supreme Court and lower courts accepting certain defenses in securities fraud litigation. This Article develops how and why the core notions of materiality of information and the reasonable investor should be revised in light of recent empirical data, experimental evidence, and theoretical models of moody investing. This Article proposes modifying three recent developments in materiality doctrine to take into account moody investing. In particular, this Article argues that current judicial treatment of puffery is flawed because it neglects the power of puffery to alter moods. This Article also recommends modifying the judicial "total mix" analysis of the materiality of information to include a "total affect" analysis of information. Finally, this Article proposes refining the judicially created so-called "bespeaks caution" doctrine and statutory safe harbors codifying it to inquire whether so-called "meaningful cautionary language" is infused with affect.
Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy in 30 dogs

Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy (pHO) is known to occur in both canine and human cancer patients. While the pathology of pHO is well-described in the dog, very little information exists regarding the true clinical presentation of dogs affected with pHO. The primary objective of this study was to provide a more comprehensive clinical picture of pHO. To this end, we retrospectively identified 30 dogs and recorded data regarding presenting complaints and physical examination (PE) findings on the date of pHO diagnosis. As a secondary objective, any blood test results were also collected from the computerized records. The most common clinical signs included leg swelling, ocular discharge and/or episcleral injection, lameness, and lethargy. The most common haematological and serum biochemical abnormalities included anaemia, neutrophilia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. In addition to presenting a more detailed clinical description of pHO in the dog, these data support the previously described haematological, serum biochemical and PE abnormalities published in individual case reports.
Virtual logbooks and collaboration in science and software development

A key feature of collaboration is having a log of what and how is being done – for private use/reuse and for sharing selected parts with collaborators in today's complex, large scale scientific/software environments. Even better if this log is automatic, created on the fly while a scientist or software developer is working in a habitual way, without the need for extra efforts. The CAVES (Collaborative Analysis Versioning Environment System) and CODESH (COllaborative DEvelopment SHell) projects address this problem in a novel way, building on the concepts of virtual state and virtual transition to provide an automatic persistent logbook for sessions of data analysis or software development in a collaborating group. Repositories of sessions can be managed dynamically to record and make available in a controlled way the knowledge accumulated in the course of a scientific or software endeavor.
In-Between Languages: Language Shift/Maintenance in Childhood Bilingualism:

This paper examines structural consequences of intensive language contact on simultaneous L1 and L2 child language development in an L2-dominant environment. Based on the assumption that structural processes in language contact are operating at and determined by abstract complex lexical structure, various structural configurations in bilingual speech (e.g., codeswitching, convergence, and a Composite Matrix Language) are explained in terms of three levels of abstract lexical structure: the lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure, and morphological realization patterns. Empirical evidence from Hungarian/English bilingual speech demonstrates that as a result of a turnover in the Matrix Language abstract lexical structure can be “split” and “recombined” in such a way that surface structure is projected by an underlying grammatical system which is a composite. Prevalent changes and patterns of linguistic structure are interpreted in relation to ongoing language shift to L2, or L1 maintenanc...
The anti-hypertensive response to renal denervation in aged SHR is independent of changes in body sodium (856.1)

Since interruption of kidney functions influenced by renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) may cause the fall in blood pressure (BP) after renal denervation (RDX), then the chronic anti-hypertens...
- Zap 70: Zap 70 protein-tyrosine kinase (vertebrates)

The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multisubunit complex consisting of six proteins that do not have intrinsic kinase activity. Extracellular ligand binding to the TCR activates a cascade of cytoplasmic PTKs. The first level within this cascade involves the Src family PTK Lck, which is required for the phosphorylation of the TCR ζ and ɛ subunits. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR subunits allows for the association of ZAP-70 (ζ-associated polypeptide of 70 kDa) PTK with the TCR ζ and ɛ subunits. This results in the recruitment of an activated PTK to the TCR complex. Zap70 is a monomer and it contain 619 amino acids with a molecuar weight of 69882. Homologues of Zap 70 have been sequenced from the mouse. Expression of Zap70 is limited to T and natural killer cells, and is present in all stages of thymocyte development.
Carbene-derived α-acyl formamidinium cations: organic molecules with readily tunable multiple redox processes

A series of α-acyl formamidinium ions and their corresponding 1-electron reduced neutral radicals were synthesized, and their electrochemical properties were evaluated. These cations exhibit multi-electron redox processes that are highly electrochemically reversible at rapid scan rates (100 mV s−1), and the redox potentials were readily tailored by up to ∼1.0 V, making them ideal candidates for organic radical-based charge storage materials.
Determination of lipoproteins by paper electrophoresis.

A reproducible technic is presented for the staining of lipoproteins on paper. This method gives a greater total uptake of dye than previously described procedures, especially by the α-lipoproteins. The staining is accomplished with a solution of Sudan Black B in a mixture of methyl and isopropyl alcohols and the excess dye is removed by wash solution of 30% isopropanol.
Modern Methods of On-Line Size Analysis for Particulate Process Streams†‡

Two techniques for on-line particle size measurement are evaluated on the reproducibility of their volume distribution determinations. A forward scattering laser light devise is interfaced with a dilutor to examine the potential of this technique for high concentration streams. The forward scattering instruments are capable of outputting extremely reproducible distributions and here we show that when the dilutor is well designed, the on-line instrument can have similar performance. We compare this with a scanning back scatter instrument which is directly inserted in highly concentrated slurries. We present the methods used to improve the robustness of the conversion of the output of the back scatter instrument to volume distributions. The output of the back scatter instrument is inherently less stable but with the proper methods one can obtain reproducibilities of the order of 2 to 6 percent.
Characterization of a UV-resistant mutant of CHO-K1 with normal repair activity.

Abstract The biological and repair responses of Mut 8–16, an ultraviolet radiation (UV)-resistant derivative of CHO-K1, were characterized with respect to UV and to the active chemical carcinogen, benzo[ a ]pyrene-4,5-oxide. In comparison to the parent, the UV-survival response curve of this mutant showed a significantly larger shoulder but little or no difference in the slope of the exponential survival region. In addition, the mutant cell line demonstrated significantly larger mutation frequencies at high survival UV fluences, but smaller mutation frequencies at high survival equitoxic concentrations of the carcinogen benzo[ a ]pyrene-4,5-epoxide relative to the parent cell. However, these relative differences in mutation frequencies between parent and mutant appeared to decrease as survival decreased. Despite these observations there were no measurable differences in excision-repair, or in post-replication repair although the mutant appeared to show a nominal reduction (not an enhancement) of replication-repair activity following the UV exposure. These data imply there is another lesion recognition system in CHO cells whose effects on survival and mutation are best observed at low doses of carcinogen and/or radiation but which are masked at higher doses where major repair processes dominate. The dissimilar relationship of cytotoxicity to mutation induction frequency observed in UV and carcinogen treated mutant vs. parent cell lines, imply that the probabilities for lethality and mutation are independent of one another in the presence of otherwise unrepaired (residual) damage.
The Politics of Alternative Economic Development: Revisiting the Stone-Imbroscio Debate

A recent debate between Clarence Stone and David Imbroscio focused on the transformative potential of regime theory. Imbroscio proposes a research agenda for regime theory in which the identificati...
Non-repetitive DNA transcripts in nuclei and polysomes of polyoma-transformed and non-transformed mouse cells

WE have determined the extent to which non-repetitive DNA is represented in nuclear and polysomal RNA of polyoma-transformed and non-transformed mouse cells in culture. Our RNA–DNA saturation-hybridisation experiments have shown that in transformed cells, polysomes contain only 10–20% of the informational complexity present in nuclear RNA. Similar results were obtained with RNA from confluent cultures of non-transformed cells. In subconfluent cultures of non-transformed cells, however, polysomes contained about 40% of the sequence diversity present in nuclear RNA. Further experiments, with appropriate RNA mixtures, suggest that there are also qualitative differences in polysomal RNA between transformed and non-transformed cells, as well as between confluent and subconfluent cultures of non-transformed cells.
Abundance of submerged vascular vegetation in the Rhode River from 1966 to 1973

Surveys on the distribution and abundance of submerged vascular plants in the Rhode River showed that there was an irregular decline in the amount of vegetation from 1966 to 1973, along with significant changes in species dominance. In 1966, redheadgrass (Potamogeton perfoliatus) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) were both very abundant with lesser amounts of widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima), horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris), sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus), and elodea (Elodea canadensis). In 1967, all of these species declined substantially, and elodea disappeared entirely. In 1968, redhead-grass and horned pondweed returned in substantial abundance, but they again declined in 1969 and virtually all submerged aquatics disappeared in 1970. In 1972, horned pondweed and sago pondweed reached an eight-year peak, but other species remained at very low levels. In 1973, all species were low, and a prominent lack of vegatation similar to 1967, 1970, and 1971 occurred again. Elodea has not been seen in the Rhode River since 1966. We believe these changes represent a decline in environmental quality in the Rhode River that may have serious longrange implications.
Host-derived attractants for the beetles Hylastes nigrinus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Steremnius carinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The responses of Hylastes nigrinus (Mannerheim) and Steremnius carinatus (Boheman) to pitfall traps baited with root sections of healthy Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, or sections of Douglas-fir infected with the fungus Ceratocystis wageneri Goheen α Cobb, and to pitfall traps baited with ethanol or α -pinene, were examined. Significantly more H. nigrinus and S. carinatus were caught in pitfall traps baited with infected root sections than in traps baited with healthy roots. More beetles were attracted to traps baited with α -pinene or with ethanol than to unbaited traps. We suggest that plant injury, stress, or infection by C. wageneri may lead to the production and release of volatile host attractants which are detected by insect vectors during the host-selection process.
Experimental Simulation on Aerodynamic Character of D-Shaped Iced Conductor

The dynamics force of iced-conductor is the driving force of galloping; its variation is depended on the aerodynamic character of iced conductor. The aerodynamic character of iced conductor is the key factor of galloping of iced-conductor, but the result of theoretically analysis and numerical simulation isn’t suited for the requirement of transmission line project. In the paper, basing on the theoretically analysis and numerical simulation, the simulation tests in wind tunnel of D-shaped iced conductor is stetted up and put into practice under different wind speed and iced thickness, and then the systemic study is carried into execution. The result of research is indicated that there is a better coherence between the numerical simulation and experiment test, and the variation rules of parameters is obvious with the different iced thickness, the result of numerical simulation is the beneficial supplement to the experiment test. The result can not only provide the original date for the galloping analysis, but also validate the affectivity of numerical simulation, support the research of mechanism and control of galloping.
The role of the recirculation vortex in improving fuel-air mixing within swirling flames

An important example that shows how a flame interacts with a vortex is the case of a swirlstabilized flame. Such a flame essentially is a toroidal vortex into which a jet of fuel is injected along the torus centerline. Because of the central toroidal vortex, the overall fuel-air mixing rate within a swirl-stabilized flame is found to be a factor of five times greater than that of a simple jet flame, as evidenced by a fivefold shortening of flame length. Swirl flames are unique in that the fuel-air mixing rate can be varied by controlling the amount of swirl. Flow visualization shows how internal recirculation helps to enhance the mixing. The englufment mechanisms is similar to that of a simple jet flame but is enhanced because of two factors that increase the fuel-air contact area. First, the recirculation zone acts like a large eddy with a characteristic velocity and length scale that are much larger than those associated with eddies in a simple jet. The active role of the recirculation zone contradicts a previouslyheld concept that the recirculation zone is a passive obstacle and that its internal velocity is not important. Air is entrained into the toroidal vortex primarily in the downstream region of the vortex. A second reason why mixing is more intense within swirling flames than within jet flames is that there is impingement of opposed jets at the forward stagnation point. Thus pressure gradients, which are not present in simple jets, enhance the mixing rates. Flame length, which is a measure of overall fuel-air mixing, was found to have a different scaling in swirl flames than for simple jet flames. The physical reasons are explained by a scaling which was developed and which explains four trends in the flame length data. It is proposed to use a general, nondimensional circulation parameter that allows for general comparison of mixing efficiencies of swirl, bluff-body, and dump-combustor flames.
Sexually transmitted infections in women with disabilities: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention: a review.

Background and Objectives:Women with disabilities can and do contract sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, because of access barriers, attitudinal misconceptions, and lack of awareness of their risk status, these infections may go under or undiagnosed.Goal:To address issues regarding the t
Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks

b this paper we present a case for using new power-aware metn.cs for determining routes in wireless ad hoc networks. We present five ~erent metriw based on battery power consumption at nodw. We show that using th=e metrics in a shortest-cost routing algorithm reduces the cost/packet of routing packets by 5-30% over shortwt-hop routing (this cost reduction is on top of a 40-70% reduction in energy consumption obtained by using PAMAS, our MAC layer prtocol). Furthermore, using these new metrics ensures that the mean time to node failure is increased si~cantly. An interesting property of using shortest-cost routing is that packet delays do not increase. Fintiy, we note that our new metrim can be used in most tradition routing protocols for ad hoc networks.
Endodontic Treatment of a Fused Mesiodens: Report of Case

Maxillary incisors rarely contain more than one root canal. The tooth in this instance was unusual because it contained two canals. One canal was necrotic whereas the other had a vital pulp. The tooth appeared to be a mesiodens fused to a permanent central incisor. The root canal of the mesiodens was positioned mesially, and the canal of the incisor, distally, in what appeared to be a common root. During treatment, anesthesia was obtained only after infiltration over both central incisors. This suggested that there was innervation to the tooth from the opposite side. The necrotic canal was treated and filled. Vitality of the pulp in the other canal was preserved.
Diurnal variations in excretion of chloride in normal subjects.

SummaryThe day-to-night ratio of urinary chloride excretion has been determined for each of 41 normal subjects and has been calculated for 28 subjects reported in other papers. No restrictions of diet or activity were imposed. In the great majority of the subjects more chloride was excreted /hour during the up-and-about period than during the period of recumbency. This was true regardless of the amount of chloride excreted/24 hours.
Anosognosia and schizophrenia: the ethical intersection of insight, treatment and coercion

Background Anosognosia is a symptom present in some individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. This neurological condition can greatly impair or eliminate the person's ability to have insight into the presence and/or nature of his or her illness. Such impairment in insight raises important ethical issues regarding how these individuals should be viewed with regards to autonomy, free will, self-determination and the extent to which coercion (such as involuntary hospitalization or forced medication) is justifiable. This paper will discuss this condition and explore the ethical implications and tensions brought on by anosognosia.
Vein grafting of tunical incisions combined with contralateral plication in the treatment of penile curvature

Abstract Objective. To evaluate whether multiple incisions of Peyronie's plaque with placement of vein grafts to cover the tunical defects coupled with contralateral tunical plication is effective in straightening the penis while allowing preservation of normal erectile function. Methods. Nine patients with Peyronie's disease and 2 patients with congenital curvature of the penis were surgically treated with a vein patch graft technique to correct their penile curvature. All patients underwent relaxing transverse incisions of their plaque with placement of a vein graft from the deep dorsal vein of the penis and/or the saphenous vein. Transverse relaxing incisions about 1 to 2 cm long were made on the tunica albuginea where a curvature was identified by an artificial erection. A corresponding size of the harvested vein was sewn into the defect created by the relaxing incisions. If there was evidence of a residual curvature after the vein grafts were sewn in, a plication of the contralateral surface of the tunica albuginea was performed. Results. Of 10 patients who were potent preoperatively, 9 retained their potency postoperatively. Complete straightening of the erect penis occurred in 9 of 11 patients. Penile shortening occurred in three men. None of the patients permanently lost sensation in the shaft or glans of the penis. Two patients have anesthesia on part of the skin of the penile shaft. In all patients, the grafts were unable to straighten the penis 100 percent, thereby requiring at least one plication suture in the contralateral corpus. Conclusions. The use of vein grafts to cover multiple incisions of the tunica albuginea combined with contralateral corporeal plication is an easy alternative and an effective way to treat penile curvature while attempting to preserve erectile function.
Middle East Geopolitical Transformation: The Disappearance of a Shatterbelt

Abstract The cold war's end has brought about major global geopolitical restructuring. It also is cause for regional geopolitical reordering. The gulf war and its aftermath are but one expression of Middle Eastern disequilibrium. This shatterbelt region has been caught up in both intraregional tensions and the post-World War II history of competition between the Maritime and Eurasian Continental realms. Now the Middle East is becoming strategically reoriented to the West. While powerful centrifugal forces still prevail, the reduction of external competitive pressures permits centripetal forces to become more salient. In addition to Arabism and Islam, these include migration and capital flows and water and oil transportation lines. A new balance among the Middle East's six regional powers can be fostered but not dictated by the outside world. Equilibrium can best be promoted, not by a Pax Americana, but by the United States and the European Community acting as two competitive but allied stabilizers.
An analysis of predictors of sustainability efforts at the Inner-City Asthma Intervention sites: after the funding is gone

Background The Inner-City Asthma Intervention was a national, multicenter implementation of an evidence-based intervention to reduce asthma morbidity in inner-city children that was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Funding was initially planned for 4 years beginning in April 2001, but because of budgetary changes funding ceased in September 2004, 6 months before the original plan. Some sites were able to sustain their asthma program when the funding ended and others were not. Objective To compare characteristics of sites that were able to sustain their asthma program after the original funding ended with those that were not. Methods Data were collected from the project manager at each site in an electronic survey and through telephone interview in November 2003 and August 2005. Using contingency tables, we examined the bivariate relationship between each proposed factor and our outcome measure, secured funding. Results Of the 18 sites that completed the survey, 50% reported continued funding. All sustainable sites received funding from multiple sources, including either the hospital or the community. One site received federal funding and one site received state funding. Of the sites that presented data to multiple funders, 6 of 9 were sustained ( P = .05). Conclusions Sustainable programs were more likely to be funded locally. Programs that used an evaluative process, including patient outcomes data, to demonstrate the importance of the program to their institution and community were more likely to obtain continued funding compared with those that did not.
Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: the effect of 6-mercaptopurine.

Background & Aims: Evidence suggests that mesalamine-based anti-inflammatory medicines may prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) in ulcerative colitis (UC). If mesalamine exerts its chemopreventive effect by its anti-inflammatory activity, then other medications that reduce colitis activity also should possess chemopreventive properties. Our aim was to determine the effect of the immunomodulators 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and azathioprine (AZA) in preventing the development of dysplasia or CRC in UC. Methods: Patients with UC who underwent a surveillance colonoscopy in 1996–1997 were identified from a gastrointestinal pathology database. A proportional hazards analysis assessing 6MP/AZA use as a time-changing covariate was performed to evaluate the effect of 6MP/AZA on: (1) progression to any neoplasia (low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or CRC), and (2) progression to advanced neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia or CRC). Results: A total of 315 subjects met inclusion criteria and were followed for an average of 8 years from their first surveillance examination. There were no significant differences in rates of progression to advanced neoplasia or to any neoplasia between 6MP/AZA users and never-users by log-rank testing. The proportional hazards analysis resulted in hazard ratios of 1.06 (95% confidence interval, .59–1.93) and 1.30 (95% confidence interval, .45–3.75) when considering the effect of exposure to 6MP/AZA on progression to any or to advanced neoplasia, respectively. The results were unaffected by known potential confounders. Conclusions: In UC patients with no initial history of dysplasia, 6MP/AZA use appears to have little or no effect on the rate of neoplastic transformation in the colon. Importantly, the use of 6MP/AZA did not increase malignant transformation in UC.
Hard X-ray bursts from flare behind the solar limb

The determination of the location of the region of origin of hard X-rays is important in evaluating the importance of 10-100 keV electrons in solar flares and in understanding flare particle acceleration. At present only limb-occulted events are available to give some information on the height of X-ray emission. In fifteen months of OSO-7 operation, nine major soft X-ray events had no reported correlated H alpha flare. We examine the hard X-ray spectra of eight of these events with good candidate X-ray flare producing active regions making limb transit at the time of the soft X-ray bursts. All eight bursts had significant X-ray emission in the 30-44 keV range, but only one had flux at the 3 sigma level above 44 keV. The data are consistent with most X-ray emission occurring in the lower chromosphere, but some electron trapping at high altitudes is necessary to explain the small nonthermal fluxes observed.
Girls Adopted from Developing Countries: a Group at Risk of Early Pubertal Development and Short Final Height. Implications for Health Surveillance and Treatment

(1993). Girls Adopted from Developing Countries: a Group at Risk of Early Pubertal Development and Short Final Height. Implications for Health Surveillance and Treatment. Annals of Medicine: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 217-219.
Scaling the Kondo lattice

The origin of magnetic order in metals has two extremes: an instability in a liquid of local magnetic moments interacting through conduction electrons, and a spin-density wave instability in a Fermi liquid of itinerant electrons. This dichotomy between 'local-moment' magnetism and 'itinerant-electron' magnetism is reminiscent of the valence bond/molecular orbital dichotomy present in studies of chemical bonding. The class of heavy-electron intermetallic compounds of cerium, ytterbium and various 5f elements bridges the extremes, with itinerant-electron magnetic characteristics at low temperatures that grow out of a high-temperature local-moment state. Describing this transition quantitatively has proved difficult, and one of the main unsolved problems is finding what determines the temperature scale for the evolution of this behaviour. Here we present a simple, semi-quantitative solution to this problem that provides a basic framework for interpreting the physics of heavy-electron materials and offers the prospect of a quantitative determination of the physical origin of their magnetic ordering and superconductivity. It also reveals the difference between the temperature scales that distinguish the conduction electrons' response to a single magnetic impurity and their response to a lattice of local moments, and provides an updated version of the well-known Doniach diagram.
Design of a multicrystal detector array for PET using Monte Carlo techniques

We have used Monte Carlo techniques to design a two-dimensional detector array for PET. The detector array consists of an 8×4 matrix of BGO crystals coupled to 4 photomultipliers. The design included optimizing the optical cross-talk between detectors in terms of positioning accuracy and detection efficiency. Some preliminary results including the energy resolution, the positioning accuracy and the detection efficiency of the module are presented.
Carbon monoxide levels in El Paso, texas: 1975–1980

This study was performed to develop a methodology for effectively utilizing large amounts of data collected in ambient air monitoring in the decision‐making processes involved in air quality management. Using statistical analysis techniques, the historical profiles and relationships for carbon monoxide (CO), traffic and meteorological parameters in El Paso, Texas, were examined for 1975–1980. Data from the Texas Air Control Board (TACB), the Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation (TDH), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) were used. The quantity and quality of data available for use in future studies of cause‐effect relationships and ambient air statistical modeling was also determined. Distinct, persistent patterns in the data were observed plus a positive trend (i.e. increases) over time in ambient air CO levels.
Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain and Their Parents: More Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, and Depression than Other Patient Families?

Patients presenting with abdominal pain were classified into two groups: the recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) group (n = 41), consisting of patients without identifiable organic etiology for abdominal pain, and the organic group (n = 28), consisting of patients with organic findings (primarily ulcer-related conditions). A control group of well patients (n = 41) also participated. RAP and organic patients had higher anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints than well patients, but did not differ from each other. Anxiety, depression, and somatization were greater in RAP mothers than well mothers. Father symptomatology did not differ for the groups. Results suggest that psychological distress does not discriminate between patients with and without identifiable organic etiology for abdominal pain. The high levels of anxiety and depression in RAP and organic patients suggest that they should be targeted in efforts to address "the new hidden morbidity" in pediatrics.