cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE PERIOPERATIVE APPROACH TO THE HIGH-RISK SURGICAL PATIENT

The management of surgical patients has changed dramatically in recent years. Older patients with severe pre-existing medical conditions are presenting for more complex procedures. The management of those high-risk patients is best approached from an integrated perspective that views the perioperative period as a continuum in which the clinical course of the surgical patient is characterized by predictable physiologic changes. Those alterations can be anticipated during preoperative preparation and followed subsequently. Deviations from the expected recovery pattern may result from pre-existing disease that can limit patients' ability to mount or tolerate an appropriate physiologic response to surgery, trauma, or anesthesia. Alternatively, deviations may indicate the appearance of complications related to the operation itself. To attain the skill necessary to recognize perioperative patterns, clinicians must be thoroughly grounded in the physiology, metabolism, and pharmacology of the perioperative period. In this article, we review the physiologic and metabolic changes that characterize the response to surgery. We then identify individual, common pre-existing diseases and determine how they interact with the stress response. Finally, we examine what is known about the implications of achieving (or failing to achieve) that response with or without exogenous support. We conclude with a theoretical discussion of the concept of recovery physiology as a series of definable states representing relative probabilities of "normal" or disordered system response.
Ring opening of cyclohexene epoxide with trimethylsilyl cyanide

Abstract Contrary to its reaction with epoxides in the presence of aluminum catalysts, trimethysilyl cyanide reacts with cyclohexene epoxide to give 2-hydroxycyclohexyl isonitrile in the presence of ZnCl2.
Effect of mean-velocity profile shapes on sound transmission through two-dimensional ducts

Acoustic propagation through a lined two-dimensional duct is examined in order to assess the influence of the shape of the mean-velocity profile on the attenuation rate. Five mean-velocity profiles are considered: linear, parabolic, Pohlhausen, 1/7th power law with a linear sub-layer, and linear with slip at the wall. It is shown that when the attenuation rate is tabulated as a function of the boundary-layer thickness, as is usually done, substantially different results are obtained from the several mean profiles. However, when the displacement thickness is used, a considerable collapse is achieved in the attenuation curves that are obtained from the various profiles. For downstream propagation, all profiles produce essentially the same results over a reasonable range of boundary-layer thickness. However, for many cases of upstream propagation, the results from the 'turbulent' boundary-layer profiles differ significantly from the results of the other profiles even when compared on the basis of displacement thickness.
Native range density, host utilisation and life history of Calophya latiforceps (Hemiptera: Calophyidae): an herbivore of Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia)

Native range and life history studies of an agent provide critical information during the early stages of a weed biological control programme. Brazilian peppertree is considered to be one of the worst invasive trees of Florida uplands because of negative environmental impacts and lack of effective long-term control methods. A potential biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree, Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Calophyidae), was recently discovered in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Leaf feeding by the nymphs of C. latiforceps stimulates the tree to form pit galls. The objectives of this study were to quantify gall densities in Bahia and to study the life history adaptations of C. latiforceps under greenhouse conditions. Densities of galls and their mortality sources were recorded in August 2012 and March 2013 from trees located along linear transects. Gall density per leaf ranged from 1.6 to 37.5 and 0.3 to 12.8, in August and March, respectively. Nymphal mortality due to parasitism and ento...
Theory of spinodal decomposition in alloys

Abstract A statistical theory of the thermally driven composition fluctuations in a binary alloy is developed for the purpose of studying the phenomenon of spinodal decomposition. The theory can be stated in the form of a Fokker-Planck equation, which reduces, upon taking a suitable moment, to the nonlinear generalized diffusion equation which has been the basis of recent work in this field. Using the full Fokker-Planck equation, it is possible to compute the lifetime of the stationary solutions of the diffusion equation, and thus to study the rate at which the structure of the alloy coarsens during aging.
Mutations in the putative H-channel in the cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides show that this channel is not important for proton conduction but reveal modulation of the properties of heme a.

As the final electron acceptor in the respiratory chain of eukaryotic and many prokaryotic organisms, cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water, concomitantly generating a proton gradient. X-ray structures of two cytochrome c oxidases have been reported, and in each structure three possible pathways for proton translocation are indicated: the D-, K-, and H-channels. The putative H-channel is most clearly delineated in the bovine heart oxidase and has been proposed to be functionally important for the translocation of pumped protons in the mammalian oxidase [Yoshikawa et al. (1998) Science 280, 1723−1729]. In the present work, the functional importance of residues lining the putative H-channel in the oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides are examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants were generated in eight different sites and the enzymes have been purified and characterized. The results suggest that the H-channel is not functionally important in the prokaryotic oxidase, in agreem...
Strategic behavior downstream and the incentive to integrate: A spatial model with delivered pricing

Abstract This paper highlights not previously examined incentives for vertical integration in a spatial model. A downstream monopoly that serves customers on a unit line segment and purchases an input from an upstream monopoly will strategically increase its transport costs. Such strategic behavior by the downstream firm forces the upstream firm to lower its input price rather than suffer an unacceptable decrease in sales. While the lower input price increases downstream profit, the unnecessary costs lower overall profit and welfare, generating both private and social incentives for vertical integration. This incentive is independent of others identified in the literature.
Religious Diversity: A Philosophical Assessment

Contents: Preface Introduction Diversity and epistemic obligation Diversity and justified belief Diversity and pluralism Diversity and eternal destiny of humankind Diversity and positive apologetics Diversity and teaching Selected readings Index.
Responsiveness of quality of life measurements to change after reconstructive pelvic surgery

Abstract Objective: We sought to determine whether Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) scores are sensitive to changes in clinical status after surgery for genuine stress incontinence (GSI) or pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Study Design: Patients were included in this study if they had completed the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scales and had undergone urodynamic testing before and 3 months after surgery for GSI or POP. Kruskal-Wallis tests and logistic regression were used to compare IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores according to the outcome of surgery. Results: Among 55 patients satisfying inclusion criteria for the study, 34 (62%) underwent Burch colposuspension, and 21 (38%) underwent suburethral sling procedures for GSI; 44 (80%) patients were subjectively continent after surgery. Thirty-four (62%) patients underwent surgical treatment of their POP; 31 (90%) were subjectively cured of their POP symptoms. Mean IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores were lower in patients who were subjectively continent, and UDI-6 scores were lower in patients who were objectively cured of GSI. Conclusion: UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores change after surgery for GSI and POP, with patients who are subjectively continent having lower postoperative scores on both scales. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:20-4.)
A Way of Accurately Estimating Eigenvalues

Application des methodes de Rayleigh et de l'approximation successive au calcul des charges critiques de flambage et des frequences propres de vibrations
The bis(naphthalimide) DMP-840 causes cytotoxicity by its action against eukaryotic topoisomerase II.

DMP 840 ((R,R)-2,2‘-[1,2-ethanediylbis[imino(1-methyl-2,1-ethanediyl)]-bis(5-nitro-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione] dimethanesulfonate) is a novel bis(naphthalimide) that has shown promising ...
An electrophysiological method for the study of binocular rivalry

A technique is described for recording cortical evoked responses from human Ss in binocular rivalry. Each target is illuminated with flickering light at different frequencies upon a steady background. While the S continuously indicates with a response key which target he is seeing, the cortical responses are tape recorded. The tape recording is later analyzed by average response computer separately for each eye, seeing and not seeing. This simultaneous record of the functioning of both eyes eliminates confounding variables found in earlier methods. Controls are included for rivalry changes during a stimulus cycle and for S motor response time.
Statistical analysis of microarray gene expression data from a mouse model of toxoplasmosis

Background Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS and an important cause of miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital disease in newborns. Previous studies have provided evidence that dietary supplementation with vitamin E and selenium is harmful during experimental toxoplasmosis in mice, whereas a diet deficient in vitamin E and selenium results in decreased numbers of tissue cysts in the brain and dramatically reduced brain pathology. The overall goal of the present study was to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with antioxidants on gene expression in the brains of non-infected mice and in mice infected with T. gondii using microarray analysis. RNA was isolated from the brains of C57BL/6 mice, and an Agilent Oligo Whole Mouse Genome Microarray (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) was performed. A total of 48 chips were normalized by Z ratios and the Data Driven Harr Fisch Normalization methods. Differentially expressed genes were identified by applying thresholds to identify significant values and the results were compared between the normalization methods. These differentially expressed genes and their respective fold change ratios were used in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to analyze the pathways involved with these genes.
Yield and Early Growth Responses to Starter Fertilizer in No-Till Corn Assessed with Precision Agriculture Technologies

Starter fertilization often is recommended to complement broadcast fertilization. This study evaluated no-till corn (Zea mays L.) yield and early growth responses to starter fertilization using precision agriculture tools. Strip trials, yield monitors, intensive soil sampling, global positioning systems (GPS), and geographical information systems (GIS) were used to conduct 11 trials. Liquid N-P-K starter and no-starter treatments were applied to the seed furrow in nine fields and beside and below the seeds in two fields. Grain yield and early plant growth data were analyzed with analyses of variance (ANOVA) with or without accounting for spatial correlation with nearest-neighbor analysis (NNA). Use of NNA reduced standard errors of treatment means. Starter fertilization increased yield in seven fields, reduced yield in one field (-231 kg ha -1 ), and often increased early growth. Yield increases were large (200-671 kg ha -1 ) in field areas with low soil-test P (STP) (<16 mg P kg -1 , Bray-P 1 ). Responses in areas with high STP were small (80-194 kg ha -1 ) when the starter was applied in the furrow and larger (165-465 kg ha -1 ) when it was applied beside and below the seeds at higher N rates (16.3-27.2 kg N ha -1 ). Across fields, early growth response (32%) was linearly but poorly correlated (r = 0.44) with yield response (2.4%). The within-field variation in yield and growth responses was not consistently related with starter treatments, soils, or soil tests other than STP. Large yield responses of no-till corn to starter are likely when STP is below optimum or when preplant or sidedress N rates are deficient.
On steady state multiplicity in bubble column reactors

Abstract The effect of gas feed composition on the multiplicity of steady states in non-adiabatic bubble-column reactors is analyzed. The case involving fast ps
Sex Differences in the Development of Kidney Disease in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Contemporary Analysis

Background Kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes historically has been believed to be more prevalent in men. Because recent data do not reflect this pattern, we evaluated whether a sex difference persists. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants We used 18-year follow-up data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study (n = 788; baseline mean age, 27 years; diabetes duration, 19 years). Predictor or Factor Sex and diagnosis interval (1950-1964 or 1965-1980). Outcomes Cumulative incidences of macroalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate >200 μg/min) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD; kidney failure, dialysis, or transplant) were evaluated at 20, 25, and 30 years of diabetes duration. To address potential survival bias, death certificate information was included in determining ESRD for those who died before baseline (n = 145). Analyses were stratified by diagnosis year (1950-1964 or 1965-1980). Other Measurements Kidney disease risk factor information was available. Results A significant interaction was noted between sex and diagnosis cohort for ESRD incidence by 25 ( P = 0.002) and 30 ( P P = 0.04] and 13.7% vs 21.0% by 30 years' duration [ P = 0.09] in men vs women, respectively). Results were similar for macroalbuminuria. Limitations Study participants were not followed up from the onset of diabetes; thus, risk-factor data from that period are lacking. Conclusions Our data suggest that the male excess of type 1 diabetic kidney disease cases observed in the earlier cohort has been eliminated in the younger cohort. The reason for this dramatic change presently is unclear, but should be addressed in subsequent studies.
Development of process maps for plasma spray: case study for molybdenum

Abstract A schematic representation referred to as “process maps” examines the role of process variables on the properties of plasma-sprayed coatings. Process maps have been developed for air plasma spraying of molybdenum. Experimental work was done to investigate the importance of such spray parameters as gun current, primary gas flow, auxiliary gas flow, and powder carrier gas flow. In-flight particle temperatures and velocities were measured and diameters estimated in various areas of the spray plume. Empirical models were developed relating the input parameters to the in-flight particle characteristics. Molybdenum splats and coatings were produced at three distinct process conditions identified from the first-order process map experiments. In addition, substrate surface temperature during deposition was treated as a variable. Within the tested range, modulus, hardness and thermal conductivity increases with particle velocity, while oxygen content and porosity decreases. Increasing substrate deposition temperature resulted in dramatic improvement in coating thermal conductivity and modulus, while simultaneously increasing coating oxide content. Indentation reveals improved fracture resistance for the coatings prepared at higher substrate temperature. Residual stress was significantly affected by substrate temperature, although not to a great extent by particle conditions within the investigated parameter range. Coatings prepared at high substrate temperature with high-energy particles suffered considerably less damage in a wear test. The mechanisms behind these changes are discussed within the context relational maps, which have been proposed.
Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems

On the basis of task-related imaging studies in normal human subjects, it has been suggested that two attention systems exist in the human brain: a bilateral dorsal attention system involved in top-down orienting of attention and a right-lateralized ventral attention system involved in reorienting attention in response to salient sensory stimuli. An important question is whether this functional organization emerges only in response to external attentional demands or is represented more fundamentally in the internal dynamics of brain activity. To address this question, we examine correlations in spontaneous fluctuations of the functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the absence of task, stimuli, or explicit attentional demands. We identify a bilateral dorsal attention system and a right-lateralized ventral attention system solely on the basis of spontaneous activity. Further, we observe regions in the prefrontal cortex correlated with both systems, a potential mechanism for mediating the functional interaction between systems. These findings demonstrate that the neuroanatomical substrates of human attention persist in the absence of external events, reflected in the correlation structure of spontaneous activity.
Characteristics of a persistent respiratory syncytial virus infection in HeLa cells

Abstract Persistent infection with respiratory syncytial (RS) virus has been established in HeLa cells. The persistently infected cell line (HeLa RS ) continues to produce virus (RSpi) at low levels after 230 passages during 3 years. The cells are morphologically similar to the parental HeLa cell line, and susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus, but resist superinfection with standard RS virus (RS wt ). The block in RS wt replication is not at attachment. Although infectious center and immunofluorescence assays suggested that only 5 to 30% of the cells in the culture were infected, 30 of 32 clones isolated from HeLa RS contained some cells with virus antigen and 23 of those clones produced virus. All the clones, including the 2 that appeared not to be infected, were more resistant to RS wt than HeLa. The clones that produced virus were significantly more resistant than the others. RS pi is a small-plaque mutant, but not a temperature-sensitive mutant, of RS wt . Although prior infection of HeLa with RS pi interferes with RS wt replication, the interference appears not to be caused by defective interfering particles, but by RS pi virions. RS pi initiates a persistent infection in HeLa only after a cytolytic phase similar to that which preceded the establishment of HeLa RS .
Ultimate sensitivity limit of a resonant gravitational wave antenna using a linear motion detector

The sensitivity of a resonant-mass gravitational radiation antenna coupled to a motion detector with given noise properties is calculated in detail. It is shown that the quantum-mechanical limit of linear amplifier performance implies an important restriction on the sensitivity for any system using a linear motion detector. For a signal frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{a}$, this fundamental limit requires that the gravitational radiation pulse be capable of driving the antenna from rest to an energy level exceeding $2\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{a}$.
Introduction to Altitude/Hypoxic Training Symposium

Altitude/hypoxic training has traditionally been an intriguing and controversial area of research and sport performance. This controversial aspect was evident recently in the form of scholarly debates in highly regarded professional journals, as well as the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) consideration of placing "artificially-induced hypoxic conditions" on the 2007 Prohibited List of Substances/Methods. In light of the ongoing controversy surrounding altitude/hypoxic training, this symposium was organized with the following objectives in mind: 1) to examine the primary physiological responses and underlying mechanisms associated with altitude/hypoxic training, including the influence of genetic predisposition; 2) to present evidence supporting the effect of altitude/hypoxic acclimatization on both hematological and nonhematological markers, including erythrocyte volume, skeletal muscle-buffering capacity, hypoxic ventilatory response, and physiological efficiency/economy; 3) to evaluate the efficacy of several contemporary simulated altitude modalities and training strategies, including hypoxic tents, nitrogen apartments, and intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) or training, and to address the legal and ethical issues associated with the use of simulated altitude; and 4) to describe different altitude/hypoxic training strategies used by elite-level athletes, including Olympians and military special forces. In addressing these objectives, papers will be presented on the topics of: 1) effect of hypoxic "dose" on physiological responses and sea-level performance (Drs. Benjamin Levine and James Stray-Gundersen), 2) nonhematological mechanisms of improved performance after hypoxic exposure (Dr. Christopher Gore), 3) application of altitude/hypoxic training by elite athletes (Dr. Randall Wilber), and 4) military applications of hypoxic training (Dr. Stephen Muza).
Influence of Embedded a-Si:H Layer Location on Floating-gate a-Si:H TFT Memory Functions

The influence of the location of the embedded a-Si:H layer in the gate dielectric film of the floating-gate a-Si:H TFT on the charge trapping and detrapping mechanisms has been investigated. The thin channel-contact SiNx gate dielectric layer favors both hole and electron trappings under the proper gate voltage condition. The sweep gate voltage affect the locations and shapes of forward and backward transfer characteristics curves, which determines the memory function. In order to achieve a large memory window, both the location of the embedded a-Si:H layer and the gate voltage sweep range need to be optimized.
Effect of abasic linker substitution on triplex formation, Sp1 binding, and specificity in an oligonucleotide targeted to the human Ha-ras promoter

A region of the human Ha-ras promoter (-8 to -28) which contains two of the three Sp1 binding sites essential for transcriptional activity forms a sequence specific oligonucleotide-directed pur*pur:pyr triple helix. The relative binding of oligonucleotides containing different substitutions, including an abasic propanediol linker, over three potentially destabilizing C:G interruptions in the otherwise poly G:poly C target was examined. DNase I footprint titrations reveal that substitution of the positively charged abasic propanediol linker results in approximately ten fold greater binding than cytosine substitution which in turn provides greater sequence specific binding than substitution of a guanine in the third strand oligonucleotide over the C:G interruptions. Protein binding assays demonstrate that triplex formation by the linker substituted oligomer (HR21Xap) is less effective in inhibiting Sp1 binding than the cytosine substituted oligomer (HR21ap) both to the target sequence as well as an upstream sequence. As an indication of the effect of linker substitution and targeting consensus Sp1 sites on triplex specificity, the relative ability of the Ha-ras promoter targeted oligonucleotides to interact with non-target Sp1 sequences within the Ha-ras promoter as well as in the DHFR promoter and HIV-1 LTR was also investigated. At concentrations which afford complete DNase I protection of the target sequence, HR21ap does not bind to the non-target sequences while HR21Xap interacts weakly only at a distal site in the DHFR promoter. Also, HR21ap as well as HR21Xap are specific in their inhibition of Sp1 binding. These results suggest that the propanediol linker is able to skip over interruptions in a target sequence thereby stabilizing triplex but, slightly compromises sequence specificity and the ability to inhibit Sp1 binding to the Ha-ras promoter.
X-ray structural analysis of Me3M·HN(CH2Ph)2 (M=Ga, In) adducts

Abstract The molecular structures of Me3Ga·HN(CH2Ph)2 (2) and Me3In·HN(CH2Ph)2 (3) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The structures of these molecules are representative of datively bonded Lewis acid/base adducts, having Ga-N and In-N bond distances of 2.151(3) and 2.382(5) A, respectively. A comparison with the structure of the corresponding Al adduct, Me3Al·HN(CH2Ph)2 (1), reveals that all three derivatives are isostructural, crystallizing in the same space group, P 1 . The crystal structure data for these adducts are compared to experimental structural data and geometries from theoretical calculations for adducts of the type R3M·amine, where R=H, Me; M=Al, Ga, In.
Some Analytical Implications of the Statutory Construction of Genocide

The explicit legal definition of "genocide" as a "crime" derived specifically from the conditions of the Holocaust. Despite the conjuncturally bound nature of the concept, the ideological basis for the definition rested in a model of "genocide" as an historically ubiquitous and perpetually imminent possibility in human affairs. The tension between the immediate political ends of the concept's legal architects and the desire to use the criminalization of genocidal practice as a deterrent to future incidences, as well as to make ideological capital at a time of the Cold War, produced a United Nations Genocide Treaty with an inherently contradictory and limited character. This paper examines these contradictions and asks whether there is any utility in looking to the statutorily embedded model of genocide to decide whether genocidal practices are being directed toward African-Americans today.
Poly(trifluoromethyl)fullerene radical anions. An ESR/Vis-NIR Spectroelectrochemical Study of C60F2,4 and C60(CF3)2,10.

Cyclic voltammograms are reported for C 6 0 (CF 3 ) n derivatives for the first time. The compounds studied were 1,9-C 6 0 (CF 3 ) 2 and 3 isomers of C 6 0 (CF 3 ) 1 0 , including the structurally characterized derivative 1,3,7,10,14,-17,23,28,31,40-C6o(CF3) 1 0 (C 6 0 (CF 3 ) 1 0 -3). The compound 1,9-C 6 0 (CF 3 ) 2 exhibited 3 reversible reductions; C 6 0 -(CF3) 1 0 -3 exhibited 2 reversible reductions; the other 2 isomers of C 6 0 (CF 3 ) 1 0 each exhibited 1 reversible reduction. ESR and near-IR spectroelectrochemical experiments were performed to characterize some of the C 6 0 (CF 3 ) n - and C 6 0 (CF 3 ) n 2 - species generated by cyclic voltammetry. The ESR spectrum of the C 6 0 (CF 3 ) 1 0 -3- radical anion consisted of an envelope of 25 lines centered at g = 2.0032 (the apparent a value is ca. 0.5 G), evidence of coupling between the unpaired electron and a significant number of the CF 3 fluorine atoms. The most significant finding is that this radical anion has a half-life in solution at 25 °C of about 7 min.
EZW coding using nonuniform quantization

This paper presents an image coder that modifies the EZW coder and provides an improvement in its performance. The subband EZW image coder uses a uniform quantizer with a threshold (deadzone). Whereas, we know that the distribution/histogram of the wavelet tree subband coefficients, all except the lowest subband, tend to be Laplacian. To accommodate for this, we modify the refining procedure in EZW and use a non-uniform quantizer on the coefficients that better fits their distribution. The experimental results show that the new image coder performs better than EZW.
Estimation of the stage efficiency of simple, agitated vessels used in mixer‐settler extractors

A method of calcuation is presented by which estmates may be made of the stage efficiency of continuously operated, agitated, baffled vessels used in mixer-settler extractors. The calculations are limited to cases where the agitatiing impeller is a flat-blade turbine, and do not include estimates of the entrance and exit effects. The method has been tested with all the available experimental data, which include three different sizes of vessels, systems, and impeller sizes, and a variety of operating conditions including speeds of agitation, rates of flow, and ratios of contacted liquids. Because of limitations of the author's knowledge, the calculations are necessarily approximate, but they nevertheless correctly indicate the nature of the variations in stage efficiency to be expected with all of the design and operating variables for which tests could be applied.
Oxidative stress and thioredoxin-interacting protein promote intravasation of melanoma cells.

Although intravasation may be a critical rate-limiting step in the metastatic cascade, the role of oxidative stress in intravasation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulated by thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) through the action of thioredoxin (Trx), influence human SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell reverse (basolateral-to-apical) transendothelial migration (TEM) in vitro as a model for intravasation. Reverse transendothelial migration was dose-dependently induced by hydrogen peroxide 2.4-fold for 0.1 μM (P < 0.01) and 3.9-fold for 1 μM (P < 0.001) vs. control, and this effect was blocked by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Overexpression of Txnip by infecting melanoma cells with adenovirus increased TEM 3-fold vs. control (P < 0.001), and this increase was blocked by N-acetylcysteine, indicating a redox-sensitive mechanism. Conversely, thioredoxin overexpression blocked hydrogen peroxide-induced TEM. Exposure to ultraviolet-A radiation increased ROS 1.8-fold (P < 0.01), and this was accompanied by a 45% reduction (P < 0.05) in thioredoxin activity and an 11.4-fold (P < 0.001) increase in Txnip gene expression. These data suggest that TEM of melanoma cells during intravasation is in part mediated by ROS-sensitive cellular signaling cascades, may be controlled by Txnip and its interaction with thioredoxin that in turn modulates cellular levels of oxidative stress, and may be initiated by ultraviolet-A induction of this cascade.
GM1b and GM1b-GalNAc: major gangliosides of murine-derived macrophage-like WEHI-3 cells.

Abstract WEHI-3 cells, derived from a BALB/c mouse, are a myclomonocytic leukemic cell line with macrophage-like properties. We have isolated, purified and characterized the monosialogangliosides from WEHI-3 cells by 1D-HPTLC, 2D-HPTLC, enzymatic degradation, HPTLC-immunostaining, gas liquid chromatography and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). Quantitative 2D-HPTLC shows two monosialogangliosides are the major components, constituting 77% of the total, with a third monosialoganglioside being 3%. The two major components were identified as (NeuAc)G M1b and (NeuAc)G M1b -GalNAc and the minor component as (NeuAc)G M1b -GalNAc-Gal. The presence of G M1b in this myelomonocytic cell line is consistent with its presence in other murine immune cells and tissues. G M1b -GalNAc and GM 1b -GalNAc-Gal have been reported in T-lineage cells but not is resident or stimulated murine macrophages. Each of these monosialogangliosides belongs to the asialoG M1 synthetic pathway. Preliminary results indicate a disialo member of this pathway. G Dlc , may also be present as a minor component. This ganglioside pathway, containing species which are not sialylated on the internal galactose, appears to be dominant in and may be characteristic of murine immune cells.
Evaluation of thermal mapping analysis technique for failure mechanism

Fault isolation is a process for failure analysis laboratory to identify where the defect is and correlate it to the physical location. There are many different challenges to consider in localization techniques since there are multiples electrical faults with render multiple failure mechanisms. Basically, depending on the location of the physical defect, the faults mechanism will vary, as well as, the electrical consequences. There are different techniques to identify failure localizations. Selection of the localization technique depends on the fault electrical signatures - given that a defect can lead to multiple electrical consequences, depending on how it is stimulated (in this case recovery after mold compound removal). Thermal Imaging camera is a device that computes the heat generated/radiated off from the defective site and the infrared spectrums forming an image. The higher amount of radiation radiated, the higher the temperature would be. Thermal imaging device provides an image based on the heat generated from the objects which enables the analyst to pinpoint the fault location on the sample. The process is non-destructive. Fault localization can now be done thanks to electrical activation through packages. In this paper, one of the fault isolation techniques which is the thermal mapping analysis will be introduced and explained thru failure analysis process consecutively determining the defect site.
From “Pull” to “Push”: A Transformation in Medicine: Comment on “Participatory Surveillance of Hypoglycemia and Harms in an Online Social Network”

Consider the words we use to describe what a physician does when she or he sits across from a patient to perform a history. Take. Obtain. Elicit. These words all conjure images of physicians extracting information from patients. We pull information not just from our patients but also from our information systems, calling up vital signs and laboratory results when we want them, on our time and our terms. However, this is rapidly changing, as information will be coming to us from the patients themselves to create “push” medicine. Are we ready? Not yet, but with some pivoting and some preparation, we can be.
Queueing analysis of network traffic: methodology and visualization tools

In this paper we provide a framework for analyzing network traffic traces through trace-driven queueing. We also introduce several queueing metrics together with the associated visualization tools (some novel) that provide insight into the traffic features and facilitate comparisons between traces. Some techniques for non-stationary data are discussed. Applying our framework to both real and synthetic traces we (i) illustrate how to compare traces using trace-driven queueing, and (ii) show that traces that look ''similar'' under various statistical measures (such as the Hurst index) can exhibit rather different behavior under queueing simulation.
1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of the dynamic properties of the B and Z-forms of poly[d(A-br5C).d(G-T)].

Poly[d(A-br5C) · d(G-T)], a synthetic polynucleotide with a 50% A · T base composition, undergoes a reversible, highly co-operative transition between the right-handed B and left-handed Z conformations. The latter is stabilized at both elevated temperature and ionic strength. The B and Z-forms of poly[d(A-br5C) · d(G-T)] coexist in 4.6 m-NaCl at 45 °C. Due to slow exchange, two sets of Tim and Gim resonances are observed and can be assigned to the B and Z conformations (the chemical shifts are, respectively, Tim = 13.4, 14.1 p.p.m. (parts/million); and Gim = 11.9, 12.4 p.p.m.). Measurements of the 1H spin-lattice (R1) and spin-spin (R2) relaxation rates of the exchangeable thymine (Tim) and guanine (Gim) imino protons have been used to probe the internal dynamics of the B and Z-forms of poly[d(A-br5C) · d(G-T)] and the mechanism of the B-Z transition. The proton exchange behavior in the B and Z conformations is quite different. At elevated temperature, R1 for both Tim and Gim in the B conformation is dominated by exchange with the solvent, with Tim exchanging more rapidly than Gim. This demonstrates that exchange involves the opening of single base-pairs and that neighboring A · T and G · br5C base-pairs exchange independently of each other. B-form poly[d(A-br5C) · d(G-T)] is unusual in that there is an acceleration of the Tim exchange rate with increasing NaCl concentration. Conversion to the Z-form by addition of 4.5 m-NaCl dramatically reduces both the Tim and Gim exchange rates (estimated to be less than 2 s−1 at 70 °C). Thus, the G · br5C base-pair and, in particular, the A · T base-pair are stabilized in the Z conformation. By measuring relaxation rates at 45 to 50 °C where the B and Z-forms are in equilibrium, we find that the B-Z interconversion rates are less than two per second. In the B conformation at 25 °C, the dipolar contributions to the imino proton relaxation rates are about one-third of those expected on the basis of a rigid rod model for 65 base-pair fragments, a difference we assign to large amplitude (30 ° high frequency (< 100 ns) out-of-plane motions of the bases. Conversion to the Z conformation has little effect on the dipolar contributions to relaxation, i.e. on the internal motions. In both the B and Z-forms at 25 °C the measured imino proton linewidths are about twice those calculated from R2, possibly due to multiple conformational states that are in slow exchange on the n.m.r.†† time scale.
Synthesis and characterization of novel bonded phases for reversed-phase liquid chromatography

The results of a chromatographic comparison of newly synthesized reversed-phase bonded stationary phases incorporating various degrees of unsaturation or rigidity are presented. The phases studied included monomeric n-decyl, polymeric n-decyl, adamantyl, norpinyl, decadiynyl, phenylbutyl and β-naphthyl bonded phases. The effect of bonded phase structure on retention is discussed for selected aromatic solutes.
A frequency based constraint for a multi-frequency linear sampling method

The linear sampling method (LSM) has become a well established non-iterative technique for a variety of inverse scattering problems. The method offers a number of advantages over competing inverse scattering methods, mainly it is based on solving a linear problem while being able to account for multi-path effects. Unfortunately under the current framework the method is only effective when using a large number of multi-static data, and therefore may be impractical for many imaging applications. While primarily developed under a single frequency framework, recently the extension of the method to multi-banded data sets has been considered. It is known in general that the availability of multi-frequency data should compensate for reduced spatial diversity, but it is not clear how this can be accomplished for the LSM. In this work we take a step in this direction by considering a frequency based partial variation approach. We first establish that on bands absent of any corresponding Dirichlet eigenvalues the Herglotz density exhibits bounded variation. We then consider a regularization method incorporating this prior knowledge. The proposed approach exhibited a good estimate of the unknown Dirichlet eigenvalues of the obstacle in question when using reduced data. This observation also correlated with higher quality 3D reconstructions.
Optical properties of GeTe

Abstract Reflectivity data for GeTe bulk and film are fitted to those computed from the free-carrier dispersion relations. Results show that the optical dielectric constant is about 37.5 and 35 at 300 and 4.2°K respectively. The optical conductivity determined is lower than the conductivity measured for the bulk, while they are about equal for the film.
Strong Regularities in World Wide Web Surfing

One of the most common modes of accessing information in the World Wide Web is surfing from one document to another along hyperlinks. Several large empirical studies have revealed common patterns of surfing behavior. A model that assumes that users make a sequence of decisions to proceed to another page, continuing as long as the value of the current page exceeds some threshold, yields the probability distribution for the number of pages that a user visits within a given Web site. This model was verified by comparing its predictions with detailed measurements of surfing patterns. The model also explains the observed Zipf-like distributions in page hits observed at Web sites.
An improved in vitro immunization procedure for the production of monoclonal antibodies against neural and other antigens.

Abstract A simplified in vitro immunization procedure has been developed for the production of monoclonal antibodies against a variety of neural antigens. The procedure, which can be applied to both soluble and membrane-bound antigens, involves the addition of an adjuvant peptide, N-acetylmuramyl- l -alanyl- d -isoglutamine, and has been found to improve all fusion parameters.
Oscillating Laminar Boundary Layers and Unsteady Separation

Abstract : The unsteady laminar boundary equations are solved numerically for oscillating outer flow velocity distributions. Some characteristic features of oscillating boundary-layers are observed and checked against existing analytical and experimental data. The response of the point of zero skin friction that marks flow reversal on the wall, to various outer flow oscillatory distributions is studied. (Modified author abstract)
Re-discovery of Haemoproteus kopki (De Mello, 1916) in two geckoes from the Afghan border of Pakistan

Haemoproteus kopki (De Mello, 1916) is reported from the geckoes Teratoscincus scincus and T. microlepis collected in three localities on the Afghan border of Pakistan. A detailed description of H. kopki is provided in correlation with the courses of an initial, acute infection and a relapsed, chronic infection. Haemoproteus kopki is characterized by large round or oval gametocytes which show sexual dimorphism in distribution of pigment: macrogametocytes show pigment dispersed in dark granules throughout the cytoplasm, while pigment in microgametocytes is aggregated into large, round golden masses within vacuoles in one, or rarely two foci. Other sexual differences exist in gametocyte dimensions. Gametocytes produced in the relapse infection grew much more slowly than did those of the initial infection, and never attained a comparable size despite being observed for twice the length of time. Despite a maximum parasitaemia of 53·8% in the initial infection, increased erythropoiesis did not occur. No asexual stages were found in tissues examined. The presence of mixed infections of H. kopki, Leishmania sp. and microfilariae in a harsh sand dune habitat with presumably limited dipteran fauna suggests their having a common vector in intimate association with the burrows inhabited by the geckoes.
Analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue conversion with memristive devices

A novel methodology is suggested to obtain a digital representation of analogue signals and to perform its back-conversion using memristive devices. In the proposed converters, the same memristive systems are used for two purposes: as elements performing conversion and elements storing the code. This approach to conversion is particularly relevant for interfacing analogue signals with memristive digital logic/computing circuits.
Protein synthesis molecule by molecule

Since the earliest days of molecular biology it has been known that even a seemingly uniform culture of bacteria is made up of cells very different from each other in terms of their levels of a given protein. This individuality has now finally been quantified at single-molecule resolution, as reported in two recent papers.
Instant attack stopper in InfiniBand architecture

With the growing popularity of cluster architectures in datacenters and the sophistication of computer attacks, the design of highly secure clusters has recently emerged as a critical design issue. However, the majority of cluster security research has focused on how to detect and prevent attacks rather than on how to minimize the effect of attacks once detected. The action against detected attacks in the cluster is as important as the actual detection process since no detection mechanism is full-proof in its ability to protect cluster systems without the effective cluster-wide reaction. In this paper, we propose a scheme, referred to as the instant attack stopper (IAS) that can instantly confront security attacks in a cluster. Specifically we provide detailed implementation methods of IAS in InfiniBand architecture (IBA) - a new promising communication standard for future system area networks (SANs) and clusters. IAS focuses on removing malicious communication on the IBA fabric among processes involved in an attack, which is accomplished through the proposed security management agent (SeMA). We will show IAS deployment in different security levels to meet various security requirements.
The lymphocyte homing receptors: gatekeepers of the multistep paradigm

Purpose of reviewLymphocyte trafficking is regulated by adhesion molecules mediating the initial shear-resistant binding of circulating cells to target tissue endothelium (Step 1). This review focuses on the current and emerging perspectives of the biology of these ‘homing receptors.’Recent findings
Optical Flow on the Ambric Massively Parallel Processor Array (MPPA)

The Ambric Massively Parallel Processor Array (MPPA) is a device that contains 336 32-bit RISC processors and is appropriate for embedded systems due to its relatively small physical and power footprint. Optical flow is a computationally-demanding and highly parallelizeable image-processing algorithm with applications in embedded systems such as robotics and autonomous vehicles. An optical flow algorithm is implemented on the Ambric device and is shown to achieve near FPGA performance at similar levels of power consumption while requiring many fewer lines of code (Java) than its FPGA counterpart (VHDL).
Regulation of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by quorum sensing: HapR functions at the aphA promoter

Quorum sensing negatively influences virulence gene expression in certain toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains. At high cell densities, the response regulator LuxO fails to reduce the expression of HapR, which, in turn, represses the expression of the virulence cascade. A critical regulatory step in the cascade is activation of tcpPH expression by AphA and AphB. We show here that HapR influences the virulence cascade by directly repressing aphA expression. In strain C6706, aphA expression was increased in a delta hapR mutant and decreased in a delta luxO mutant, indicating a negative and positive influence, respectively, of these gene products on the promoter. Overexpression of HapR also reduced aphA expression in both C6706 and Escherichia coli. DNase I footprinting showed that purified HapR binds to the aphA promoter between -85 and -58. Although it appears that quorum sensing does not influence virulence gene expression in strain O395 solely because of a frameshift in hapR, overproduced HapR did not repress expression from the O395 aphA promoter in either Vibrio or E. coli, nor did the protein bind to the promoter. Two basepair differences from C6706 are present in the O395 HapR binding site at -85 and -77. Introducing the -77 change into C6706 prevented HapR binding and repression of aphA expression. This mutation also eliminated the repression of toxin-co-regulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT) that occurs in a delta luxO mutant, indicating that HapR function at aphA is critical for density-dependent regulation of virulence genes.
The genetic reconstruction of BCG as a new immunotherapeutic tool

The bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG), long appreciated for its role as a live vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis, is undergoing a rebirth as a recombinant delivery vehicle for foreign antigens and bioactive proteins. Recombinant BCG causes long-lived specific humoral and cellular immunity and may ultimately prove to be a powerful and cost-effective new weapon against both infectious pathogens and certain cancers.