cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Issues surrounding prenatal genetic testing for achondroplasia.

Objectives Mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 cause achondroplasia, the most prevalent form of dwarfism. Since the discovery of the mutations and gene in 1994, commercial testing has been available for use in prenatal diagnosis. This study sought to determine the awareness of, interest in and use of prenatal genetic testing for achondroplasia. Methods Surveys were collected from both individuals affected with achondroplasia (n = 189) and their average statured relatives (n = 136). Results The majority of participants were aware of the prenatal genetic testing at the time they were surveyed, but less than 10% had actually used the testing. Affected individuals were much more interested in using the testing if they became pregnant (62%) than were their relatives (28%). The groups were remarkably similar in their interest in using the testing to identify the lethal, homozygous form of achondroplasia and in their unwillingness to consider termination of pregnancies based on a diagnosis of either achondroplasia or average stature. Affected status and perception of the condition were correlated with the importance placed on knowing the prenatal diagnoses of achondroplasia and average stature. Views on abortion were highly correlated with all aspects of interest in prenatal diagnosis for achondroplasia. Conclusion These results elucidate the role of selected attitudes and beliefs that contribute to reproductive decision making about achondroplasia. Furthermore, the findings provide insights into education and counseling issues for families and health care practitioners. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of multiple, partially occluded humans in a single image by Bayesian combination of edgelet part detectors

This paper proposes a method for human detection in crowded scene from static images. An individual human is modeled as an assembly of natural body parts. We introduce edgelet features, which are a new type of silhouette oriented features. Part detectors, based on these features, are learned by a boosting method. Responses of part detectors are combined to form a joint likelihood model that includes cases of multiple, possibly inter-occluded humans. The human detection problem is formulated as maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. We show results on a commonly used previous dataset as well as new data sets that could not be processed by earlier methods.
Home Study Course: Winter 2001

Objective: The Home Study Course is intended for the practicing colposcopist or practitioner who is seeking to develop or enhance his or her colposcopic skills. The goal of the course is to present colposcopic cases that are unusual or instructive in terms of appearance, presentation, or management, or that demonstrate new and important knowledge in the area of colposcopy or pathology. Participants may benefit from reading and studying the material or from testing their knowledge by answering the questions. ACCME Accreditation: The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing medical education for physicians. The ASCCP designates this continuing medical education activity for 1 credit hour in Category I of the Physician's Recognition Award of the American Medical Association. Credit is available for those who choose to apply. The Home Study Course is planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME's Essential Areas and Elements.
Identifying functional modules in interaction networks through overlapping Markov clustering

Motivation: In recent years, Markov clustering (MCL) has emerged as an effective algorithm for clustering biological networks—for instance clustering protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify functional modules. However, a limitation of MCL and its variants (e.g. regularized MCL) is that it only supports hard clustering often leading to an impedance mismatch given that there is often a significant overlap of proteins across functional modules. Results: In this article, we seek to redress this limitation. We propose a soft variation of Regularized MCL (R-MCL) based on the idea of iteratively (re-)executing R-MCL while ensuring that multiple executions do not always converge to the same clustering result thus allowing for highly overlapped clusters. The resulting algorithm, denoted soft regularized Markov clustering, is shown to outperform a range of extant state-of-the-art approaches in terms of accuracy of identifying functional modules on three real PPI networks. Availability: All data and codes are freely available upon request. Contact: srini@cse.ohio-state.edu Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inflammatory Response to Anesthesia and Ways to Attenuate It

Inflammation is a response of the body to tissue injury. It is a rapid and highly controlled humoral and cellular response. Surgery, burns, major trauma, and sepsis are all associated with major inflammatory responses. Inflammation is essential for tissue reconstitution, but an overactive inflammatory response may destroy rather than protect and may lead to multiple perioperative and postoperative complications, for example, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), wound healing disturbances, postoperative infections, and postoperative pain leading to sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction (MOD), and death. Although surgery, trauma, anesthetic drugs, and stress may contribute to this inflammation, it is important for anesthesiologists to know what inflammatory responses to anesthesia may cause and to know what we can do to attenuate this response perioperatively to prevent an adverse inflammatory response. In this article, the basic mechanism of the inflammatory response will be reviewed and will be followed by an update on the inflammatory responses to anesthesia drugs. Finally, ways in which the inflammatory response can be attenuated to decrease mortality and morbidity will be discussed.
Teaching the "health at every size" paradigm benefits future fitness and health professionals.

The ‘‘Health At Every Size’’ (HAES)paradigm‘‘viewsobesityfromthephi-losophy that dieting and weight ob-sessions are unhealthful and that oursocietal obsession with thinness doesnot allow for diversity in bodyshapes.. [It] proposes that health isa result of behaviors that are indepen-dent of body weight.’’
Femtosecond pulse propagation in silicon photonic wires

We present the first full theoretical study of femtosecond pulse propagation in silicon wires. Dispersion effects up to the third order, Kerr nonlinearity, intrinsic losses, free carrier and two-photon absorption effects are included.
Simulations of measured photobleaching kinetics in human basal cell carcinomas suggest blood flow reductions during ALA-PDT.

Background and Objective In a recently completed pilot clinical study at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, patients with superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) received topical application of 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and were irradiated with 633 nm light at 10–150 mW cm−2. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) photobleaching in the lesion and the adjacent perilesion normal margin was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. In most cases, the rate of bleaching slowed as treatment progressed, leaving a fraction of the PpIX unbleached despite sustained irradiation. To account for this feature, we hypothesized a decrease in blood flow during ALA-photodynamic therapy (PDT) that reduced the rate of oxygen transported to the tissue and therefore attenuated the photobleaching process. We have performed a detailed analysis of this hypothesis. Study Design/Materials and Methods We used a comprehensive, previously published mathematical model to simulate the effects of therapy-induced blood flow reduction on the measured PpIX photobleaching. This mathematical model of PDT in vivo incorporates a singlet-oxygen-mediated photobleaching mechanism, dynamic unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin, and provides for blood flow velocity changes. It permits simulation of the in vivo photobleaching of PpIX in this patient population over the full range of irradiances and fluences. Results The results suggest that the physiological equivalent of discrete blood flow reductions is necessary to simulate successfully the features of the bleaching data over the entire treatment fluence regime. Furthermore, the magnitude of the blood flow changes in the normal tissue margin and lesion for a wide range of irradiances is consistent with a nitric-oxide-mediated mechanism of vasoconstriction. Conclusion A detailed numerical study using a comprehensive PDT dosimetry model is consistent with the hypothesis that the observed trends in the in vivo PpIX photobleaching data from patients may be explained on the basis of therapy-induced blood flow reductions at specific fluences. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:686–696, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Global analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi genes regulated by mammalian host-specific signals.

Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection that can lead to chronic, debilitating problems if not recognized or treated appropriately. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is maintained in nature by a complex enzootic cycle involving Ixodes ticks and mammalian hosts. Many previous studies support the notion that B. burgdorferi differentially expresses numerous genes and proteins to help it adapt to growth in the mammalian host. In this regard, several studies have utilized a dialysis membrane chamber (DMC) cultivation system to generate “mammalian host-adapted” spirochetes for the identification of genes selectively expressed during mammalian infection. Here, we have exploited the DMC cultivation system in conjunction with microarray technology to examine the global changes in gene expression that occur in the mammalian host. To identify genes regulated by only mammal-specific signals and not by temperature, borrelial microarrays were hybridized with cDNA generated either from organisms temperature shifted in vitro from 23°C to 37°C or from organisms cultivated by using the DMC model system. Statistical analyses of the combined data sets revealed that 125 genes were expressed at significantly different levels in the mammalian host, with almost equivalent numbers of genes being up- or down-regulated by B. burgdorferi within DMCs compared to those undergoing temperature shift. Interestingly, during DMC cultivation, the vast majority of genes identified on the plasmids were down-regulated (79%), while the differentially expressed chromosomal genes were almost entirely upregulated (93%). Global analysis of the upstream promoter regions of differentially expressed genes revealed that several share a common motif that may be important in transcriptional regulation during mammalian infection. Among genes with known or putative functions, the cell envelope category, which includes outer membrane proteins, was found to contain the most differentially expressed genes. The combined findings have generated a subset of genes that can now be further characterized to help define their role or roles with regard to B. burgdorferi virulence and Lyme disease pathogenesis.
In vivo non-viral gene delivery of human vascular endothelial growth factor improves revascularisation and restoration of euglycaemia after human islet transplantation into mouse liver

Aims/hypothesis Delivery of the gene for human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, also known as VEGFA) to both the transplanted islets and the surrounding tissue may promote islet revascularisation and survival. We previously showed the effective delivery of VEGF gene to rat myocardium by an ultrasound-mediated gene-transfer method named ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). Here we examined the effect of non-viral VEGF delivery using UTMD on transplanted islets in vivo.
Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: An ERP study

Intentionally altering responses to unpleasant stimuli affects physiological and hemodynamic activity associated with emotional and cognitive processing. In the present experiment, we measured the late-positive potential (LPP) of the visually evoked event-related brain potential to examine the effects of intentional emotion modulation on electrophysiological correlates of emotional and cognitive processing. Seventeen participants received instructions to view, suppress, and enhance emotional responses to unpleasant stimuli. Results revealed significantly decreased electrophysiological activity during suppression of emotional responses beginning around 250 ms poststimulus and lasting several hundred milliseconds. These data suggest that ERPs are sensitive to emotion modulation/regulation processes. Descriptors: Late-positive potential, LPP, Unpleasant pictures, Emotion modulation/regulation, Attention Researchers have begun to examine the effects of instructions to alter responding to emotional stimuli on physiological and neural indices of emotional and cognitive processing (cf. Ochsner &
Analysis of reverse phase chromatographic separated Bacillus subtilis membrane proteins

Abstract B. subtilis membrane proteins were separated by reverse phase chromatography using a simple solvent system of acetonitrile/water. The isolated proteins were further characterized by a ‘MS-FIT’ peptide mass fingerprinting program. The experimental scheme for separation and identification of membrane proteins could also be modified to detect protein-protein interactions. The method has been proven useful for rapid isolation, purification, and characterization of hydrophobic membrane proteins.
Derived functors of graded algebras

A number of spectral sequences arising in homotopy theory have the derived functors of a graded algebraic functor as their E 2 -term. We here describe conditions for the vanishing of such derived functors, yielding vanishing lines for the spectral sequences. We also show that under these conditions the n-th derived functor, for large n, depends only on low-dimensional information. The applications we have in mind include certain cases of the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence of [3], the Quillen homology of a graded algebra (with applications to the “Grothendieck spectral sequence” of [14]), and the wedge, smash, and homology spectral sequences of [St] and [1].
Differential allocation of male-derived nutrients in two lampyrid beetles with contrasting life-history characteristics

Across diverse animal taxa, sperm is transferred from males to females during mating within a spermatophore produced by male accessory glands. In some insects, male spermatophores provide females with nutrients that may be used to increase reproductive output or for somatic maintenance, while in others no such benefits have been detected. Boggs suggested that variation in the current function of spermatophores may be explained by considering ecological and life-history factors. This study examined spermatophore function in Ellychnia corrusca and Photinus ignitus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), two beetles that exhibit marked differences in adult diet, adult life span, and overwintering stage. During mating, males of both species transfer to females a complex, proteinaceous spermatophore, which is subsequently digested in a specialized sac within the female reproductive tract. Males of each species were injected with 3 H‐radiolabeled amino acid mixtures and mated with conspecific females. The fate of spermatophore-derived proteins was determined by dissecting females at various times after mating with these radiolabeled males. Females of these two species showed markedly different patterns of incorporation of spermatophorederived nutrients. P. ignitus females incorporated the majority (62%) of spermatophore-derived protein into maturing oocytes within 2 days after mating. In contrast, in E. corrusca a large percentage of radiolabel (46%) appeared in female fat body at 6 days after mating, with a threefold lower allocation to maturing oocytes compared to P. ignitus. These findings support the prediction that short-lived, nonfeeding females are selected to allocate a greater proportion of male-derived nutrients to reproduction, while longer-lived, feeding females are selected to allocate a greater proportion to somatic reserves and maintenance. These results suggest that life-history characteristics may be useful in explaining observed differences in spermatophore function across taxa. Key words: Ellychnia, firefly, life history, nuptial gifts, paternal investment, Photinus, radiotracer, spermatophore. [Behav Ecol 10:97‐104 (1999)]
An ordering experiment

Binary comparison operators form the basis of consumer set theory. If humans could only perform binary comparisons, the most efficient procedure a human might employ to make a complete preference ordering of n items would be a n log2n algorithm. But, if humans are capable of assigning each item an ordinal utility value, they are capable of implementing a more efficient linear algorithm. In this paper, we consider six incentive systems for ordering three different sets of objects: pens, notebooks, and Hot Wheels. All experimental evidence indicates that humans are capable of implementing a linear algorithm, for small sets. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Variations of the velocity contrast and rupture properties of M6 earthquakes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault

SUMMARY We investigate the seismic velocity contrast across the San Andreas fault (SAF) in the Parkfield area using fault zone head waves (FZHW) that propagate along the bimaterial fault interface and direct P waves. We systematically analyse large data sets of near-fault waveforms recorded by several seismic networks over the period 1984–2005. Clear FZHW are observed at many stations on the NE side of the fault in the creeping section of the SAF north of Middle Mountain (MM). This indicates the presence of a sharp bimaterial interface and that the NE side of the fault has lower seismic velocities in that region. The obtained P-wave velocity contrast is about 5–10 per cent north of MM, and it systematically decreases to 0–2 per cent near Gold Hill (GH). The along-strike variations of the velocity contrast are consistent with geological observations of a sliver of high-velocity rock immediately to the NE of the SAF near GH, associated with the GH fault, and existing 3-D seismic tomography results. The obtained imaging results offer an explanation for the mixed rupture directions of the M6-type Parkfield earthquakes. The strong velocity contrast around MM is expected to produce a preferred propagation direction to the SE for earthquakes that nucleate near MM (e.g. the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield earthquakes). In contrast, the near-zero velocity contrast and multiple fault branches near GH imply that earthquakes that nucleate near GH (e.g. the 2004 Parkfield earthquake) are not expected to have a preferred propagation direction to the SE, and are likely to propagate in directions that are controlled by other factors such as structural and stress heterogeneities. The observed systematic reduction of the velocity contrast along the SAF from NW of MM to SE of GH provides a dynamic arrest mechanism for earthquakes that nucleate in the northern part of the Parkfield section and propagate to the SE, and a dynamic arrest mechanism for earthquakes that nucleate in the southern section and propagate to the NW.
A carrier frequency generator for multi-band UWB radios

A fast-switching carrier frequency generator for multi-band UWB radios is presented. It generates 11 carrier frequencies in quadrature in the range of 3.7-10GHz from a single frequency source. The architecture consists of a series of dividers, single sideband mixers with filtering and multiplexers. The IC is implemented in a 0.25/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology and measured in a QFN package. With an active area of 2.2 /spl times/ 1.9mm/sup 2/ the system draws 75mA of current from a 3V supply.
Integrating domain knowledge with user eye gaze in automated word acquisition for conversational interfaces

Most conversation systems tend to fail when unexpected words are encountered. To overcome this problem, conversational systems must be able to learn new words automatically during human machine conversation. Motivated by psycholinguistic findings on eye gaze and human language processing, we have developed several techniques to incorporate human eye gaze for automatic word acquisition in multimodal conversational systems. This paper presents our new results on integrating eye gaze and domain knowledge in word acquisition in a 3D virtual world application. Our results demonstrate that the incorporation of domain knowledge can potentially improve word acquisition performance.
Information technology and liberal arts

A college campus without information technology resources is like a human body without the nervous system. Today, information technology is essential to learning and communication. Small liberal arts institutions must provide information technology resources on their campuses and must upgrade them regularly to incorporate technological advancements not only to provide better education, but also for the very survival.
Graph-Based Multi-Tweet Summarization using Social Signals

We study the multi-tweet summarization task, which aims to find representative tweets from a given set of tweets. Multi-tweet summarization allows people to quickly grasp the essential meaning of a large number of tweets. It can also be used as a pre-processing component for information extraction tasks on tweets. The challenge of this task lies in computing a tweet’s salience score with little information in a single tweet. We propose a graph-based multi-tweet summarization system that incorporates social network features, which make up for the information shortage in a tweet. Another distinguished feature of our system is that tweet readability and user diversity are considered. We evaluate our system on a manually annotated dataset, and show that our system outperforms the stateof-the-art baseline. We further evaluate our method in a real scenario of summarization of Twitter search results and demonstrate its effectiveness. Title and Abstract in another language (Chinese)
Numerical Implementation of an SMA Thermomechanical Constitutive Model Using return Mapping Algorithms

In the previous chapter we described the derivation of a 3-D SMA thermomechanical constitutive model. We now address the numerical implementation of this model and the development of numerical tools to support the process of designing SMA devices for use in load bearing 3-D structures. In this chapter, the numerical implementation of SMA thermomechanical constitutive response is presented using return mapping algorithms appropriate for rate-independent inelastic constitutive models. The closest point projection return mapping algorithm and the convex cutting plane return mapping algorithm are discussed, and finite element analysis examples are provided.
CALORIE COUNTING APPLICATION FEEDBACK: POTENTIAL IMPACT ON THE TEENAGE FEMALE PSYCHE

From an early age, girls are surrounded by a desire to be thin. Because of this, eating disorders are a growing epidemic. Technology has been infused into the dietary world, enabling people to diet by themselves as long as Wi-Fi is present. Caloric input applications (apps that count calories) (CCA) have become the efficient way to monitor dietary choices. CCAs use feedback to alert users of proper caloric intake. It was hypothesized that if a diet that ranged between 800-1200 calories a day was entered into a CCA, then feedback generated would be more positive as compared to negative. During three weeks, the dietary choices of the principle investigator (P.I.) were entered into two CCAs. Three dietary profiles were used to simulate the eating habits of an adolescent female. Caloric intake was tracked three times a day and feedback was collected. A certified psychologist classified the feedback. It was determined that there was a relationship between calories entered into the app and the type of feedback generated. Future studies should focus on the development of a CCA that focuses more on when the user is eating rather than calories. Des l’enfance, les filles sont entourees des messages leur incitant d’un desir d’etre minces. En consequence, les troubles du comportement alimentaire sont devenus une epidemie croissante. La technologie a penetre le monde dietetique, permettant aux gens de suivre un regime eux-memes la ou le WiFi est present. Des applications d’apport caloriques (les apps qui calculent des calories) (ACC) sont devenues une facon efficace de controller des choix dietetiques. Les ACCs font des observations par rapport a l’information qui a ete saisie afin de proposer aux utilisateurs des choix correspondant a une consommation calorique appropriee. L’hypothese projetee a ete le suivant : si un regime comportant entre 800-1200 calories par jour a ete saisie dans un ACC, les observations generees par l’app seraient plus positif que negatif. Au cours de trois semaines, l’enqueteur principal (E.P.) a enregistre ses choix dietetiques dans deux ACCs. Trois distincts profils dietetiques ont ete programmes afin de simuler les habitudes alimentaires d’une adolescente. La consommation calorique a ete surveillee trois fois par jour et une collecte d’information rassemblee. Un psychologue certifie a analyse la collecte d’information. Il a ete conclu qu’il y avait une relation directe entre la saisie des calories dans l’app et les observations correspondent genere par ceci. Des etudes futures devraient se concentrer sur le developpement d’un ACC qui se concentre plus sur l’heure pendant lequel l’utilisateur saisie les donnees (c’est-a-dire, le moment quand l’utilisateur mange) plutot que le calcul des calories.
Synchrosqueezing Transform for High Resolution Time-Frequency Analysis of Shock and Vibration Measurements

This article presents the use of the synchrosqueezing transform (SST) for the timefrequency analysis of shock and vibration measurements. The time-frequency resolution properties of SST is demonstrated by analyzing acceleration measurements from pallets dropped from heights and vibration of pallets acquired in controlled laboratory settings. The article presents results that indicate that SST, in conjunction with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based preprocessing for noise reduction, can be used as an effective spectral analysis tool for shock and vibration measurements.
Phase I study of safety and tolerability of sunitinib in combination with sirolimus in patients with refractory solid malignancies and determination of VEGF (VEGF-A) and soluble VEGF-R2 (sVEGFR2) in plasma

Purpose Sirolimus, an oral mTOR inhibitor, may complement the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity of sunitinib, an oral small molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, by vertical disruption of vascular epithelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling, by reducing the compensatory production of VEGF in sunitinib-treated patients and also by directly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. We conducted this phase 1 study to investigate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for this combination of sunitinib and sirolimus in humans.
Research on development potential of agricultural insurance supplies——Based on the comparison of business performance and investment performance of insurance companies

According to the proportion of agricultural insurance premiums,the agricultural insurance companies were classified into three types,including professional agricultural insurance companies,comprehensive agricultural insurance companies and foreign agricultural insurance companies. Based on the improved Dupont financial analysis method in the financial management field,we decomposed the traditional return on equity(ROE)into two parts :the operating ROE and the investment ROE,to calculate operating performance and investment performance of these insurance companies. The results showed that Chinese agricultural insurance companies were in a state of profiting under the support of central and local governments' financial subsidies. Professional agricultural insurance companies,facing the lower investment ROE,over-depended on the fiscal subsidies. Accordingly,the government should change the existing "one-size-fits-all" subsidy model to establish the subsidy mechanism for agricultural insurance companies on the base of performance evaluation.
The Lady Lunete: Literary Conventions of Counsel and the Criticism of Counsel in Chrétien's Yvain and Hartmann's Iwein

This article proposes the creation by the Old French romancier Chretien de Troyes of a distinctly romance type of counsel distinguished by an emphasis on private counsel between individual characters and the adoption and modification of that convention by authors of Arthurian romance in the Middle High German tradition. Specifically, it examines the German author Hartmann of Aue's reception of Chretien's convention of counsel by comparing Chretien's own cica 1180 Yvain and Hartmann's reworking of the tale, his Iwein, from about 1195. A focal point for the comparative analysis of counsel in the two texts is the lady-in waiting, Lunete, who in both is prominent in her advice to her lady, Laudine, to marry Yvain/Iwein after he has killed Laudine's husband. From a more cultural perspective, moreover, the article clarifies the extents to which the representations of Lunete's counsel by Chretien and his Swabian counterpart, Hartmann, function as authorial commentaries on the place of counsel in noble society. While Chretien greatly problematizes the positive nature of counsel, in Hartmann's reinterpretation of both Chretien's convention of counsel and his Lunete figure, counsel, in both its private and public forms, becomes singularly positive.
Association between executive function and problematic adolescent driving

OBJECTIVE: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are one of the leading causes of injury and death for adolescents. Driving is a complex activity that is highly reliant on executive function (EF) to safely navigate through the environment. Little research has examined the efficacy of using self-reported EF measures for assessing adolescent driving risk. This study examined the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire and performance-based EF tasks as potential predictors of problematic driving outcomes in adolescents. METHODS: Forty-six adolescent drivers completed the (1) BRIEF, (2) Trail Making Test, (3) Backwards Digit Span, and (4) self-report on 3 problematic driving outcomes: the number of times of having been pulled over by a police officer, the number of tickets issued, and the number of MVCs. RESULTS: Greater self-reported difficulty with planning and organization was associated with greater odds of having a MVC, whereas inhibition difficulties were associated with greater odds of receiving a ticket. Greater self-reported difficulty across multiple BRIEF subscales was associated with greater odds of being pulled over. CONCLUSION: Overall findings indicated that the BRIEF, an ecological measure of EF, showed significant association with self-reported problematic driving outcomes in adolescents. No relationship was found between performance-based EF measures and self-reported driving outcomes. The BRIEF could offer unique and quick insight into problematic driving behavior and potentially be an indicator of driving risk in adolescent drivers during clinical evaluations. Language: en
A mechanism for weak itinerant antiferromagnetism: Mirrored van Hove singularities

Unlike the other prominent macroscopic spin-paired quantum state, superconductivity, where the focus is on the strongest coupling within a class, untuned weak magnetism presents an intellectual frontier where electronic structure, magnetic coupling, and (quantum and thermal) fluctuations provide a platform for unconventional phenomena. With a strong van Hove singularity (vHs) at the Fermi energy, TiAu (with no magnetic element) is highly unstable toward ferromagnetism, yet orders antiferromagnetically at a wave vector unrelated to Fermi surface nesting. We show that mirrored vHs provide the long-wavelength, low-frequency fluctuations characteristic of a wFM rather than that of a conventional wAFM, whereby wAFM competes on equal terms with wFM for the broken symmetry ordered state. Peierls-like energy gain from cell doubling can help promote wAFM, which is evident in TiAu.
Taste Preference Evaluation: The First Step towards a Successful Weight Loss Strategy

The famous phrase, “You are what you eat”, reminds us of the important impact of food choice on weight management. Eating and drinking based on food choice is a highly frequent human behavior that is affected by many factors [1]. Consumers report “taste” as one of the most influential factors affecting food choice [2,3]. Taste is the nutritional gatekeeper that determines which foods are chosen and which are rejected, and given the critical role of food intake in weight loss therapy, taste preference is an extremely important factor that needs to be considered to achieve long-term weight loss success. However, inattention to taste preference in weight loss therapy is common, possibly because of the complexity of the causal links between taste preference and food intake. Therefore, the factors that link taste preference and obesity are briefly reviewed in this article, but these factors are not independent of each other.
Solidarity and the Absurd in Kamel Daoud's Meursault, contre-enquête

This article examines Kamel Daoud’s treatment of solidarity and the absurd in Meursault, contre-enquete and posits that the question of how to live in solidarity with others is central to the novel, although the word ‘solidarity’ never appears in it. After recalling Camus’s discussion of the absurd in Le Mythe de Sisyphe and of solidarity in L’Homme revolte, the article examines the manner in which Haroun, Daoud’s narrator and the brother of the Arab Meursault killed in L’Etranger , reveals his own failures of solidarity. He justly criticizes Meursault for privileging his confrontation with the absurd over the death of the Arab he did not even name, but Haroun too has killed. Haroun has, however, a greater understanding of solidarity than his fellows: he at least recognizes that murder is significant. He thus joins Meursault as an unworthy prophet who proclaims the absurd while surrounded by people who flee from it—and proclaiming the absurd can be a gesture of solidarity when one speaks for others, as Haroun speaks for his brother Moussa. Daoud’s novel reminds us that there are no final answers telling us how to live in solidarity with others and that we must do so all the same.
Medicare Imaging Demonstration: Assessing Attributes of Appropriate Use Criteria and Their Influence on Ordering Behavior.

OBJECTIVE. Persistent concern exists about the variable and possibly inappropriate utilization of high-cost imaging tests. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of appropriate use criteria attributes on altering ambulatory imaging orders deemed inappropriate. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This secondary analysis included Medicare Imaging Demonstration data collected from three health care systems in 2011–2013 via the use of clinical decision support (CDS) during ambulatory imaging order entry. The CDS system captured whether orders were inappropriate per the appropriate use criteria of professional societies and provided advice during the intervention period. For orders deemed inappropriate, we assessed the impact of the availability of alternative test recommendations, conflicts with local best practices, and the strength of evidence for appropriate use criteria on the primary outcome of cancellation or modification of inappropriate orders. Expert review determined conflicts with local best pract...
Picking up the trash

Memory analysis is slowly moving up the software stack. Early analysis efforts focused on core OS structures and services. As this field evolves, more information becomes accessible because analysis tools can build on foundational frameworks like Volatility and Rekall. This paper demonstrates and establishes memory analysis techniques for managed runtimes, namely the HotSpot Java Virtual Machine (JVM). We exploit the fact that residual artifacts remain in the JVM's heap to create basic timelines, reconstruct objects, and extract contextual information. These artifacts exist because the JVM copies objects from one place to another during garbage collection and fails to overwrite old data in a timely manner. This work focuses on the Hotspot JVM, but it can be generalized to other managed run-times like Microsoft .Net or Google's V8 JavaScript Engine.
Studying Perpetrators: A Reflection

Based on more than a decade of research on perpetrators, in particular in Rwanda, this critical reflection underlines the value of studying perpetrators for examining the empirical dynamics of genocide and mass violence. At the same time, the essay also points to three potential limitations of perpetrator-centred research: 1. Can social scientists really understand acts of killing and mutilation? 2. Does the application of ‘perpetrator’ unwittingly foster a selective notion of history and encourage Manichean hierarchies in the interpretation of the past? 3. Analysing perpetrators, especially mid- and lower level ones, may not be insightful for thinking about the origins of genocide.
Low-Dose d-Amphetamine Induced Regression of Liver Fat Deposits in Dercum Disease.

Abstract Background Dercum disease is a rare disorder of painful subcutaneous adipose tissue masses typically presenting as a constellation of signs and symptoms affecting most organs, including slow lymphatic flow and fatty liver. Method The University of Arizona Institutional Review Board considered this report exempt after patient consent. Multislice, multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis was performed prior to and after d-amphetamine, with and without intravenous gadolinium. Results Initial MRI demonstrated hepatic steatosis in Case 1; Case 2 had 2-subcentimeter lipid foci within the liver. Initiation of 10-20 mg d-amphetamine decreased liver lipid deposition from 16% to 4% in Case 1 and resolved fat deposits in Case 2 after ~1 year. Conclusion There is a dire need for novel treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to prevent progression to cirrhosis. Reduction of liver fat by d-amphetamine suggests a potential therapeutic role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after Fontan procedure in an adult with visceral heterotaxy.

Abstract Hepatic dysfunction, including development of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver lesions has been increasingly reported following Fontan procedure for congenital heart disease. We report a unique case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 28 years after a Fontan procedure in a 31year old female with heterotaxy syndrome. The subcapsular mass-forming tumor was composed of poorly differentiated tumor cells arranged in small vague glandular or slit-lumen nests, and focally fused or anastomosing large trabecular patterns within the prominent fibrotic stroma. The tumor cells with immunoreactivity to CK7, CK19, Cam5.2, COX2, EMA, BCL-2, MOC-31 and AE1/AE3, supported a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Focal atypical ductular proliferation within the background liver may represent a precursor lesion to this tumor. Dysmorphic cilia observed by electron microscopy examination in the background liver may suggest cholangiociliopathy in heterotaxy. MYST3 mutation at Q1388H detected in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is reported for the first time.
A Three-Dimensional Weight Function Method—Evaluation and Applications

A three-dimensional weight function method is evaluated by comparisons with exact or finite element solutions available in the literature. Three typical crack configurations considered are embedded elliptical crack, semi-elliptical surface crack, and quarter elliptical corner crack. It is found that the assumptions made in the weight function method are appropriate for the crack configurations considered. The method is shown to have the capability of providing accurate results without using a reference solution in many cases. A few application examples are given.
Epilogue: War as Performance

The United States is in a cycle of war in Iraq that it cannot seem to escape. Contemporary warfare has infiltrated our narratives to such an extent that it holds performance hostage—the medium will continue to be deployed for violent ends through military and political practices, and the art form struggles to break free from this cycle.
Role of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur functionalities on the surface of nanoporous carbons in CO2 adsorption: A critical review

Abstract In todays’ perspective, separation of CO2 from different gas streams is extremely important. Besides the key separation need of CO2 that lies with its isolation from N2 in flue gas, different other separation needs of CO2 includes natural gas separation, biogas upgrading, direct CO2 capture from air and purification other gas streams from the mixtures of CO2. The technical challenges of CO2 separation varies with the type of gas mixtures and CO2 concentration. Within different CO2 separation techniques, adsorptive separation of CO2 has gained attention owing to its low cost, regenerability and zero hazard. Among different types of adsorbents, nanoporous carbons are highly attractive because of their lowest cost, versatile synthesis protocol and efficient separation. In past several years, both computation and experimental results established that few selected heteroatoms, including oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur on the surface of porous carbon influences CO2 adsorption to a great extent compared to pristine carbons. This critical review summed up the synthesis procedure, characterization protocol and surface characteristics of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur functionalized porous carbons, specific type of functionalities in each type of heteroatom that particularly influences CO2 adsorption and computational results as well as experimental findings that corroborated the positive role of heteroatoms in CO2 separation. At the end, few sets of critical comments and recommendations have been provided on the need of accurate analysis, exact interpretation of the role of heteroatoms in CO2 separation and future direction of research that might benefit the CO2 separation by heteroatom doped carbons in real-world.
Are Thrombotic Events in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis Related to the Effect of Antiphospholipid Antibodies?

To the Editor: The high incidence of thrombotic phenomenon among individuals with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) was the subject of an intriguing article by Kang, et al 1. The reported susceptibility to both arterial and venous thrombotic events is also uniquely characteristic of the antiphospholipid syndrome2,3. Similarly, a possible explanation for thrombotic events in AAV may be modulation of platelet function … Address correspondence to Dr. B.M. Rothschild, 2401 W. University Ave., Muncie, Indiana 47303, USA. E-mail: spondylair{at}gmail.com
Career Self-Efficacy: A Mixed-Methods Study of an Underexplored Research Area for First-Generation, Low-Income, and Underrepresented College Students in a Comprehensive College Transition Program:

This mixed-methods study explored whether and how participation in a comprehensive college transition program serving low-income, first-generation, and underrepresented minority students is linked ...
A Qualitative Investigation of Student and Supervisor Perceptions of Live Supervision in Genetic Counseling

Live supervision of genetic counseling students is critical for ensuring quality client care and student clinical skill development. However, no research has investigated students' and supervisors' experience of this primary supervision method. In this study, separate focus groups of students and supervisors discussed their perceptions of the nature and impact of live supervision. A modified Consensual Qualitative Research method (Hill et al. (1997) Couns Psychol 25:517–572) was used to analyze the data. Results suggest that live supervision is an essential and effective method that promotes student skill development and professional development for both students and supervisors. There is a lack of formal training regarding supervision; most learning is trial and error. Students worry about being evaluated, and supervisors wonder if they are providing supervision effectively. Both samples emphasized that client care should not be compromised. Participant recommendations for improving live supervision are described, and suggestions are made for future research.
Electrolytic production of copper from chalcopyrite

Abstract The transition to renewable energy infrastructure necessitates rapid growth in copper production, averaging at least 3.5% annually to 2050. The current smelting–converting–electrorefining route must be revisited considering these future prospects as ore grades deplete and the costs to mitigate emissions to the environment increase. Here, we investigate electrolytic alternatives, reviewing the background and recent developments for four classes of electrolytes to directly decompose the most important industrial copper mineral, chalcopyrite: aqueous solutions, ionic liquids, molten salts, and molten sulfides. These electrolytes are discussed in the framework of electrochemical engineering, as applied to the electrolytic decomposition of chalcopyrite. A vision is proposed in which an electrolytic technique, integrated with low cost and sustainable power, enables the production of unprecedented annual tonnages of copper from low-grade chalcopyrite, with valuable by-products and enhanced selectivity for impurities.
Growth Rate, Ration, and Temperature Effects on Otolith Elemental Incorporation

The application and utility of otolith chemistry continues to expand despite an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that regulate elemental incorporation. An unresolved question is what role individual factors such as growth play in regulating elemental incorporation. Disentangling growth variation from thermal effects is particularly challenging in fishes yet integral to understanding the mechanisms of incorporation and interpreting patterns of variation in the field. Juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were maintained in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate the relative importance of growth rate, ration, and temperature on otolith elemental incorporation. Fish were held at four temperatures (2, 5, 9, 13 C) and fed daily to apparent satiation. An additional treatment included fish that were held at 9 C and fed a reduced ration (1% body mass d-1). Fish were maintained for variable duration (40-147 d), depending on ration and temperature, to ensure adequate otolith growth for analysis. Water samples for chemical analysis were collected to determine elemental partition coefficients (DMe). Overall, mean growth rates ranged from -0.09 to 1.52% d-1. For the 9 C fish, there was a clear ration effect on DMn (2.6X higher at high ration) and DSr (1.5X higher at low ration), a small effect for DMg (1.1X), and no effect for DBa. For high ration fish, there was a positive effect of temperature on DMn and DMg, due solely to differences in the 2 C treatments, and no effect on DSr and DBa. Correlations between growth and DMe within temperature treatments were variable but, for DMn and DSr, the directionality mirrored the ration effect with positive correlations for DMn and negative correlations for DSr. Overall, the observed ration effects were greater than any growth rate effect, indicating that the effect of ration accounts for more than growth variation.
Direct Democracy in Education: How Ballot Initiatives Challenge Equal Opportunity and Risk Tyrannizing Underrepresented Students:

States have increasingly used ballot initiatives to legislate education policy in recent years, although the consequences for educational equity and justice have been underexamined. This article in...