cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
They light the christmas tree in our town: reflections on identity, gender, and adolescent sports.

Sport occupies a prominent space in the public lives and private identities of US adolescents. Using the retrospective reflections of college students, this analysis explores two questions about sp...
Translocation t(11;17) in de novo Myelodysplastic Syndrome Not Associated with Acute Myeloid or Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Translocation t(11;17) is a well-recognized variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has also been identified in patients with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) non-APL acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we describe two patients bearing translocation t(11;17) presenting with a clinical diagnosis of de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): the first with sole karyotypic abnormality 46,XY,t(11;17)(p11.2; p13) and the second where it represented one of the two karyotypic abnormalities 46,XX,del(5)(q13q33)46,XX,del(5)(q13q33),t(11;17)(q24;q23). Molecular characterization of both cases failed to identify fusion transcripts involving MLL or PLZF-RARA and no collaborating somatic mutations commonly found among MDS patients were seen in either case, suggesting the presence of an as yet unidentified oncogenic fusion protein.
Pharmacotherapy for Adolescent Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) occurs in few young adolescents, but is as common as in adults by the late teens. To address problems with the current American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV criteria, the anticipated DSM-V will eliminate the distinction between substance abuse and dependence in favour of a single category. For adolescents, pharmacotherapy for AUD may target alcohol withdrawal symptoms, alcohol consumption reinforcement properties, craving or co-morbid mental disorders. While uncommon among adolescents, severe alcohol withdrawal may require the closely monitored application of benzodiazepines. Disulfiram alters alcohol metabolism and has been shown to increase abstinence in adolescents with AUD, but sufficient motivation to maintain abstinence is needed for this approach to be appropriate. Medications to reduce alcohol craving, including naltrexone and acamprosate, may also assist some adolescents in maintaining abstinence. Adolescents with AUD typically also have co-morbid mental disorders and problems with other substances. Co-morbid mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, may be addressed by pharmacotherapy. The potential for interactions between prescribed medications and alcohol or illicit substances necessitates patient education and monitoring. While there is a paucity of empirical information on the applicability of these pharmacotherapy approaches in adolescents, cautious application of these medications in selected cases in the context of systematic psychosocial interventions is warranted to promote abstinence and address associated problems.
Discovery of PF-184563, a potent and selective V1a antagonist for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea. The influence of compound flexibility on microsomal stability

The V1a receptor has emerged as an attractive target for a range of indications including Raynaud's disease and dysmenorrhoea. As part of an effort to discover a new class of orally active V1a antagonist, we optimised a highly lipophilic, metabolically unstable lead into a range of potent, selective and metabolically stable V1a antagonists. In this communication, we demonstrate the series-dependent effect of limiting the number of rotatable bonds in order to decrease Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. This effort culminated in the discovery of PF-184563, a novel, selective V1a antagonist with excellent in vitro and in vivo properties.
Pafuramidine for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in HIV-infected individuals.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia remains one of the major worldwide contributors to the morbidity and mortality of those with HIV infection. The mainstay of therapy for treatment is trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX); however TMP–SMX may be associated with significant side effects and intolerability. In addition, TMP–SMX has a moderate pill burden with three- to four-times daily dosing schedule. Patients unable to tolerate TMP–SMX are confronted with either parenteral therapy or other oral agents that may be less efficacious or are associated with potential serious adverse reactions. Pafuramidine (DB289) is an orally bioavailable prodrug of furamidine (DB75), an investigational diamidine that is less toxic than previous diamidines such as pentamidine. To date, human trials suggest that pafuramidine is well tolerated overall and has clinical activity against Pneumocystis pneumonia. In this article, we review the available data for the use of pafuramidine in Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Fashion, Sumptuary Laws, and Business

A remarkable instance of the interaction of business, society, and government unfolds in this study of the origins and effects of seventeenth-and eighteenth-century restrictions on luxury.
Relative power between sexual partners and condom use among adolescents

Abstract Purpose: To examine how the relative power of adolescent sexual partners in the domain of emotional intimacy is related to condom use. Methods: Interviewed 228 adolescents who visited an STD clinic in San Francisco. Adolescents were aged 14–19 years, 69% were female, and they were ethnically diverse. We developed a measure of relative power in the domain of emotional intimacy, by adapting five items from existing measures and developing three items ourselves. The partner who had less desire for emotional intimacy was considered to have more power in that domain. We also measured relative decision-making power. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Student's t -tests. Results: Adolescents who had more power than their partners in the domain of emotional intimacy were more likely to get their way about condom use than adolescents who had less power in this domain. Decision-making power was not related to whether adolescents got their way about condom use. Young men reported greater emotional intimacy power and greater decision-making power than young women. However, gender was not related to getting one's way about condom use. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance of assessing relative power in the sexual relationships of adolescents when predicting condom use.
Theoretical aspects of cluster formation by keV bombardment of rare-gas solids

The mechanism of energy dissipation in argon crystals bombarded by 100 and 5OO eV Ar+ has been examined using classical dynamics. The study indicates that very high yields may be expected and that large molecular Ar clusters. Arn, may form via recombination in the near surface region. The results are compared qualitatively to recent matrix-isolation SIMS experiments on a variety of inert-gas solids.
The decay of 73Ga

Abstract The decay of 73Ga was studied with the use of a Ge(Li) spectrometer and β- and γ-ray scintillation detectors. A new γ-ray of 328 keV was found in coincidence with the previously known 740 keV γ-ray. The β branching of 73Ga to the 0·53 sec isomeric state of 73Ge was measured to have a 1·50 ± 0·10 MeV β end point with an intensity of 9 ± 1 per cent. A tentative decay scheme is presented.
Solution of non‐linear boundary value problems by discrete least squares

This paper presents a new discrete (point-matching) least squares method for solving general, non-linear boundary value problems. The technique uses a mixed formulation and minimizes the sum of squared residuals by Powell's (1965) algorithm. The present method is compared with finite difference and weighted residual finite element methods in the examples and discussion. It shows considerable promise as a general differential equation solver for both large and small computer systems.
GALACTIC EXTINCTION AND ABELL CLUSTERS

In this paper, we present the results of comparing the angular distribution of Abell clusters with Galactic HI measurements. For most subsamples of clusters considered, their positions on the sky appear to be anti-correlated with respect to the distribution of HI column densities. The statistical significance of these observed anti-correlations is a function of both richness and distance class, with the more distant and/or richest systems having the highest significance (~3 sigma). The lower richness, nearby clusters appear to be randomly distributed compared to the observed Galactic HI column density.
JOHANN SEBASTIAN DREY'S CRITIQUE OF FRIEDRICH SCHLEIERMACHER'S THEOLOGY

L'A. s'interesse aux critiques formulees par Johann Sebastian Drey (1768-1834) a l'egard de la theologie de Friedrich Schleiermacher. C'est dans son dernier ouvrage, Die Apologetik, que Drey s'efforce de distinguer sa theologie de celle de Schleiermacher a propos de la nature de cette discipline, de la religion et de la revelation. Drey croyait fermement que les partisans d'une explication rationnelle du surnaturel, notamment Schleiermacher, devaient etre critiques pour le bien de la religion chretienne et de l'Eglise. Drey attaque egalement sur le terrain de l'hermeneutique qui doit prendre en compte le caractere objectif de la revelation biblique
Electrostatic comb drive for vertical actuation

The electrostatic comb finger drive has become an integral design for microsensor and microactuator applications. This paper reports on utilizing the levitation effect of comb fingers to design vertical-to-the-substrate actuation for interferometric applications. For typical polysilicon comb drives with 2 {micro}m gaps between the stationary and moving fingers, as well as between the microstructures and the substrate, the equilibrium position is nominally 1-2 {micro}m above the stationary comb fingers. This distance is ideal for many phase shifting interferometric applications. Theoretical calculations of the vertical actuation characteristics are compared with the experimental results, and a general design guideline is derived from these results. The suspension flexure stiffnesses, gravity forces, squeeze film damping, and comb finger thicknesses are parameters investigated which affect the displacement curve of the vertical microactuator. By designing a parallel plate capacitor between the suspended mass and the substrate, in situ position sensing can be used to control the vertical movement, providing a total feedback-controlled system. Fundamentals of various capacitive position sensing techniques are discussed. Experimental verification is carried out by a Zygo distance measurement interferometer.
Improved Mobility and Transmittance of Room-Temperature-Deposited Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) Films with Low-Temperature Postfabrication Anneals

Thin films of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide with high transmittance were deposited at room temperature onto flexible polymer substrates. Postdeposition anneals were performed at low temperatures in different ambients to obtain films with one of the highest transmittance and mobility values reported in the literature. As-deposited and postanneal films were characterized for electrical and optical properties. Oxygen anneal degraded the electrical performance of the films, which was recovered by succeeding vacuum anneals. A surface scattering model is proposed to determine the relation between mobility and carrier concentrations at low values of carrier concentrations. This model takes into account electronic scattering as a result of grain structure and morphology.
On the behavior of solutions of systems of linear functional differential equations with constant coefficients and linearly transformed argument in the neighborhood of a singular point

We establish new properties of C 1(0, +∞)-solutions of systems of linear functional differential equations x′(t) = Ax(t) + Bx(qt) + Cx′(qt) in the neighborhood of the singular point t = 0.
Gas chromatographic determination of ethanol in pharmaceuticals. Comparison of polyethylene glycol 400 and divinylbenzene polymer columns.

Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector was used with an official NF XII and a divinylbenzene polymer (DVBP) column to determine ethanol in pharmaceuticals. The DVBP column separated ethanol from methanol and gave results comparable to the polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) column for various types of pharmaceuticals.
Photochemical studies of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract Procedures are described for obtaining phytoene and each of the carotenoid pigments of Neurospora crassa spectroscopically and radiochemically pure when 2-14C-mevalonate is used as a labeled precursor. Using these techniques, 14C-label was shown to be incorporated into phytoene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene, beta-zeacarotene, gamma-carotene, lycopene, and 3,4-dehydrolycopene. The carotenoid beta-zeacarotene, which had not previously been reported to be synthesized by Neurospora crassa, was shown to accumulate under certain culture conditions. Labeling and time-course data are presented which support the proposal that the carotenoids are all synthesized from phytoene by a series of sequential reactions.
Ergonomic Interventions for the Home Building Industry

Workers on framing carpentry crews in the home building industry are exposed to many of the recognized occupational risk factors for low back disorders. The focus of the current project was the design, fabrication and evaluation of a set of engineering controls designed to reduce the exposure to these risk factors. A biomechanical evaluation of the work activities of the workers on a framing crew was performed using the CABS methodology which employs three well-established low back stress assessment tools. From this evaluation a prioritized list of high-risk activities was developed. An iterative, participative engineering development process was employed to develop efficacious, cost-effective engineering controls. Described in this paper are three of these solutions: an extension handle for a nailgun, a pneumatic wall lift and a vertical material lift. A description of the impact that these tools had on low back stress and productivity are presented.
The GGGGCC Repeat Expansion in C9ORF72 in a Case with Discordant Clinical and FDG-PET Findings: PET Trumps Syndrome

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene was recently discovered as the cause underlying frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) linked to chromosome 9 (c9FTD/ALS). In this atypical case of c9FTD/ALS, the proband presented with amnestic mild cognitive impairment which evolved into Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-type dementia and later developed ALS. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography of the brain demonstrated mild hypometabolism involving the medial frontal and lateral temporal lobes, left more so than right, which progressed over time. He was subsequently confirmed to have the C9ORF72 expansion. This report highlights the need to consider mutations in the FTD-associated genes when a familial disorder is suggested and neuroimaging studies reveal findings atypical of an AD pathophysiological process despite the typical anterograde amnestic syndrome.
Living Arrangements of the Elderly: An Examination of Differences According to Ancestry and Generation

Using data from the November 1979 Current Population Survey, the pattern of living with relatives among American elderly of European origin was examined. The data show that, in general, the elderly with Southern, Central, and Eastern European ancestries were more likely to live with relatives than were their Northwestern European counterparts. There were exceptions, most notably those elderly with a Russian background. There was no decreased likelihood of living with relatives among those with more generations in the United States.
Humanitarian Aid Simulation

When health care providers rushed to assist after the September 11 attacks, they were neither prepared nor cognizant of the risk of serious respiratory ailments or blood cancer they were exposed to. When community members and nurses traveled to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake, many were not prepared for life in a makeshift camp without potable water and the risk of dengue fever. In the aftermath of hurricane Katrina in 2005, emergency staff brought in from around the country were not adequately prepared to deal with anger over racial inequity. As health care and emergency workers, we have a strong commitment to helping when the need arises, and often we are put into the position of not only providing care but also managing or organizing the large numbers of volunteers, government institutions, and community members who also desire to help. We may have the experience or education to triage patients or to provide emergency care for the injured, but we may not have the skills to organize a camp of 50 workers or to negotiate with the military or paramilitary to give us access to the injured in the field. Wemay not have the background that allows us to understand the negotiation, compromise, and mediation skills necessary to convince a warden to allow us access to prisoners in order to evaluate living conditions. We often are under prepared to ensure our own safety. We are more concerned with aiding the injured than with adequately protecting our own health. There is a clear need for training through simulation. Humanitarian organizations provide health care, supplies, and training in zones of conflict around the world. This work is necessary but not without risks. If they are not managed and trained appropriately, aid organizations can cause more disruption, more conflict, and more injuries to the aid workers or the communities they serve. In an environment that includes rebel forces and corrupt
Myosin II is an Active Stress Sensor at the Core of a Cell Division Control System

Mechanosensing is important in many cellular processes such as cell motility and cell division. Cells experience mechanical stress from the surrounding environment and also its internal cytoskeleton structure. Previous studies from our lab showed that cellular mechanosensing is crucial for regulating cytokinesis shape change. Using micropipette aspiration (MPA) to generate stress on the cell cortex, we discovered that mechanical stress stimulates the accumulation of myosin-II (a contractile force generating protein) and cortexillin-I (an actin bundling protein) at the deformation site. These proteins then contract the cortex, correcting the shape of the cell. Both myosin-II and cortexillin-I are required for this mechanosensory system during cytokinesis. Recently, we demonstrated that this mechanosensory response is tunable by varying the lever arm length of myosin-II heavy chain, showing that myosin-II is an active force sensor in this mechanosensory system. We now focus on how mechanical inputs mediated through myosin-II lead to changes in biochemical signaling pathways, specifically the cortexillin-I regulatory and spindle signaling pathways. Rac1A (a small GTPase), IQGAP1, and IQGAPA (GTPase effectors) can form complexes with cortexillin-I. In the absence of both IQGAP1 and IQGAPA, cortexillin-I does not localize normally to the cleavage furrow during cell division. However, IQGAPA, but not IQGAP1, is required for myosin-II mechanosensing. Kif12, a mitotic-kinesin-like protein in Dictyostelium cells, is part of the chromosomal passenger complex, including INCENP and Aurora kinase. Kif12 is also recruited to the cell cortex inside the micropipette in a myosin-II-dependent and/or IQGAPA-dependent manner during cell division. Thus, mitotic spindle signaling proteins are responsive to mechanical stress sensed by myosin-II. Overall, myosin-II is a key mechanical stress sensor and these mechanical inputs are fed back to the mitotic spindle signaling system.
The Darkest Continent

Psychoanalysis has paid much attention to anal sex and its interpretation, mostly pejoratively, while ignoring the pleasurable aspects of anal sex. There are numerous reports of fathers of gay men imagining their sons involved in anal sex, sometimes with disgust or horror, although the taboo is fading over time. Botticelli's (this issue) case is reconsidered from the perspective of both drive and object relations, which are not incompatible. Some enactments can result from the analyst's counterresistance to awareness of unacceptable feelings or reactions to the patient with consequent delay or avoidance of certain lines of inquiry.
Effects of native and denatured whey proteins on plasminogen activator activity.

Abstract The plasmin system native to bovine milk consists of the caseinolytic serine proteinase plasmin; its inactive zymogen, plasminogen; plasminogen activators; and inhibitors. Evidence in the literature indicates that whey proteins may inhibit plasmin activity, but there is very little mention of their effect on plasminogen activators. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of both unheated and heat-denatured β -lactoglobulin ( β -LG), α -lactalbumin ( α -LA), and BSA on plasminogen activators. Plasminogen activator activity was significantly stimulated by non-heat treated and denatured α -LA as well as by denatured β -LG. The stimulation effect by these whey proteins was kinetically characterized, which showed that all 3 significantly increased the rate of plasminogen activation. The stimulation effect was shown to be independent of any effect of the whey proteins on plasmin activity by testing 2 different substrates, d-Val-Leu-Lys p -nitroanilide (S-2251) and Spectrozyme PL (Spec PL), in a plasmin assay. Results using S-2251 confirmed the inhibitory effect of whey proteins on plasmin observed by several researchers. However, use of SpecPL did not suggest inhibition. Ligand binding studies showed this discrepancy to be due to significant interaction between S-2251 and the whey proteins. Overall, this study indicates that whey protein incorporation into cheese may not hinder plasmin activity and may stimulate plasminogen activation. Furthermore, the results indicate the need for careful consideration of the type of synthetic substrate chosen for model work involving whey proteins and the plasmin system.
Superconducting and magnetic properties of materials with varying clustering in YBA2(CU1-xMx)3Oy with M = Fe, Co, Ni

Abstract We present structural, magnetic and superconducting properties of conventionally, and reductively prepared equilibrium states of YBa2(Cu1-xMx)3Oy with M = Fe, Co, Ni. Depending on preparation conditions, varying clustering tendencies for M on Cu(1) are found. A highly ordered cluster state (U) manifests itself in relatively high Tc and strong orthorhombiwalls. Mode and conditions for this clustering are different for different M. As an example, maximum values of Tc at a given x are found at lower annealing temperatures for M = Co compared to Fe both, experimentally and on a local thermodynamic model. Comparisons of this model with data from Mossbauer spectroscopy are drawn. The clustered M = Fe materials show an increase in critical currents through flux pinning on the Fe clusters, indicating technological potential.
Creating educational objectives for patient education using the new Bloom's Taxonomy

Whenever the nurse encounters a patient or a patient's family, there is a transfer of information that is expected to be incorporated into the patient's overall outcome. Objectives help guide the transfer of knowledge and provide a basis by which to evaluate the extent of the patient's understanding. Bloom's Taxonomy has been a cornerstone for the development of objectives in academe for over half of a century. The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy is a tool that can be used by nurses who educate patients to ensure the education session is focused, clear, has standards for evaluation, and is well documented.
Reckoning the Shape of Everything: Underdetermination and Cosmotopology

This paper offers a general characterization of underdetermination and gives a prima facie case for the underdetermination of the topology of the universe. A survey of several philosophical approaches to the problem fails to resolve the issue: the case involves the possibility of massive reduplication, but Strawson on massive reduplication provides no help here; it is not obvious that any of the rival theories are to be preferred on grounds of simplicity; and the usual talk of empirically equivalent theories misses the point entirely. (If the choice is underdetermined, then the theories are not empirically equivalent!) Yet the thought experiment is analogous to a live scientific possibility, and actual astronomy faces underdetermination of this kind. This paper concludes by suggesting how the matter can be resolved, either by localizing the underdetermination or by defeating it entirely.
Physiological differences among two Penstemon species and their hybrids in field and common garden environments

Hybrids can exhibit unique combinations of the physiological traits of their parents. These particular combinations may influence hybrid fitness and the evolutionary trajectory of a hybrid zone. Here, a hybrid zone between Penstemon newberryi and Penstemon davidsonii along an elevational gradient was examined, and physiological traits of parents and hybrids were measured in their native environment and a common garden. Gas exchange rates of nine different crosses were also measured. Alpine P. davidsonii had less negative pre-dawn water potential and lower water use efficiency (WUE) than its montane relative P. newberryi in a common garden and in field measurements. The species difference in WUE was attributable to lower conductance in P. newberryi in the field, but to a higher photosynthetic rate in this species in the common garden. The alpine species took less time to produce mature fruits and reached maximum photosynthetic rate at a lower temperature. Natural hybrids were intermediate for most characters. F(1) hybrids had lower conductance than progeny of natural hybrids. The intermediate WUE of natural hybrids may be one factor that allows them to persist in intermediate environments. Comparisons of different crosses suggest that the genotypic composition of hybrids influences their physiological performance.
Vasoconstrictor potency of corticoids: intradermal injection.

Studies of topical corticoid vasoconstriction involve both percutaneous penetration and inherent vasoconstrictor activity. In order to eliminate the penetration aspect, a study of steroid action intradermally was undertaken. Serial dilutions of hydrocortisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide were injected intradermally in the skin of the backs of 40 adult human volunteers, and the concentration showing vasoconstriction noted. The average end-point for hydrocortisone was 1: 350,000 and that for fluocinolone acetonide 1: 20,500,000, with the others between in the order stated above. A study comparing glucocorticoids and other compounds on the back and arm indicated an increase in vasoconstrictor activity on the arm, with readings less clear-cut than those on the back. 17-desoxycortisol, 21-desoxycortisol, and cortisone (with the exception of 21-desoxycortisol on the arm) produced vasoconstriction at a fraction of the activity of hydrocortisone (both on back and arm when tested), but with reactions frequently ill-defined and of a different nature than the potent glucocorticoids. It was concluded that these supposedly non-anti-inflammatory steroids did have some vasoconstrictor activity. It was also concluded that intradermal injection is a feasible and practical method for testing corticoid vasoconstrictor potency without the complication of penetration, the back being more suitable for this purpose than the more reactive forearm.
Dendritic cells matured in the presence of TLR ligands overcome the immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells

Toll like receptor (TLR)-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) are able to overcome the inhibitory activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and induce the proliferation of effector T cells. TLR-activated DCs secrete a soluble factor and act directly on Tregs to convert them into interferon γ-secreting TH1-like cells that express the transcription factor T-bet.
Response to Comment on "The Geometry of Musical Chords"

The basic sonorities of traditional Western tonality divide the octave nearly evenly and are found near the center of the orbifolds \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathbb{T}^{3}{/}S_{3}\) \end{document} and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathbb{T}^{4}{/}S_{4}\) \end{document}. Many common musical patterns exploit this fact, which permits efficient voice leading between structurally similar chords. In actual music, these patterns sometimes appear incompletely or are accompanied by additional notes. Using orbifolds in musical analysis therefore requires interpretive skill.
Releasing the spindle assembly checkpoint without tension

Eukaryotic cells have evolved a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that facilitates accurate genomic segregation during mitosis by delaying anaphase onset in response to errors in kinetochore microtubule attachment. In contrast to the well-studied molecular mechanism by which the SAC blocks anaphase onset, the events triggering SAC release are poorly understood. Papers in this issue by Uchida et al. (Uchida, K.S.K., K. Takagaki, K. Kumada, Y. Hirayama, T. Noda, and T. Hirota. 2009. J. Cell Biol. 184:383–390) and Maresca and Salmon (Maresca, T.J., and E.D. Salmon. 2009. J. Cell Biol. 184:373–381) make an important advance by demonstrating that SAC release depends on molecular rearrangements within the kinetochore rather than tension-produced stretch between sister kinetochores.
Differential Function of Wilms Tumor Gene WT1 Splice Isoforms in Transcriptional Regulation

The Wilms' tumor gene, WT1, encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that can repress transcription of a number of genes. WT1 mRNA undergoes alternative splicing at two locations, yielding four different mRNA species and protein products. One alternative splice alters the zinc finger region of WT1, resulting in the addition of three amino acids, Lys-Thr-Ser (KTS), between zinc fingers 3 and 4, altering the binding of WT1 to DNA. Here, we show that the WT1 protein with and without the KTS tripeptide can repress transcription from the human full-length WT1 promoter. Repression of transcription by WT1 has been shown to require two WT1 binding sites. We examined WT1 repression of the human minimal WT1 promoter, which contains two potential WT1 binding motifs. WT1 lacking the KTS tripeptide (WT1-KTS) was unable to repress transcription from a minimal WT1 promoter of 104 base pairs, whereas WT1 containing the KTS tripeptide (WT1+KTS) repressed transcription from the minimal promoter. The ability of WT1+KTS to repress transcription where WT1-KTS could not provided a functional assay to define differential WT1 binding motifs based on the presence or the absence of the KTS tripeptides. We present data defining the differential consensus DNA binding motifs for WT1-KTS and WT1+KTS. We demonstrate that WT1 zinc finger 1 plays a role in the differential DNA binding specificity of WT1-KTS and WT1+KTS.
Charged vortex excitations in quantum Hall systems.

Some consequences of the existence of charged vortex excitations in systems exhibiting the quantum Hall effect are discussed, as well as the conditions under which such excitations are expected to occur.
A note on the incompressible Couette flow with porous walls

The unsteady velocity is solved exactly for the incompressible Couette flow with porous plates. The steady state temperature distributions are also presented. The characteristics of the transient velocity and the heat transfer at the walls are analyzed and discussed
Absolute aggregation rate constants in aggregation of kaolinite measured by simultaneous static and dynamic light scattering.

The aggregation rate was determined for the <0.2 μm size fraction of kaolinite (KGa-2) using simultaneous static and dynamic light scattering at pH 9.5. It was found that method suggested by Holthoff et al. [Langmuir 1996, 12, 5541] is suitable for determination of the absolute aggregation rate constant of a clay dispersion without using the particle optical factors. The determined fast aggregation rate constant is k11,fast = (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10-18 m3 s-1. Stability behavior of kaolinite colloids was studied as a function of concentration of sodium chloride by simultaneous static and dynamic scattering. The critical aggregation concentration was found to be 0.085 ± 0.005 mol dm-3. When calculating the relationship between the stability ratio and the electrolyte concentration using the DLVO theory, the best fit to the experimental data was achieved with a Hamaker constant of A = (4.7 ± 0.2) × 10-20 J.
A sublayer model for wall deposition of ellipsoidal particles in turbulent streams

Abstract A sublayer model for deposition of ellipsoidal particles from turbulent streams on a smooth wall is developed. The analysis is based on the motion of ellipsoidal particles in the coherent vortices of near-wall turbulence. The vortical velocity field is simulated by using a sequence of viscous stagnation point flows with a superposed streamwise turbulence mean flow. The equations of particle motion include the hydrodynamic forces and torques, the shear-induced lift and the gravitational force. Euler's four parameters (quaternions) are used for describing the time evolution of particle orientations. Trajectories of ellipsoidal particles in the modeled flow field are evaluated and the differences with those of thier spherical counterparts are discussed. Based on the observed trajectories and an averaging procedure, the inertia-interception deposition velocities under various conditions are evaluated. The effects of particle size, aspect ratio, particle-to-fluid density ratio, and gravity on deposition velocity are studied. The model predictions are also compared with several available experimental results, and favorable agreements are observed.
Phonon-Cyclotron Resonance and Carrier-Transfer Resonance in the Infrared Magnetoabsorption of a Many-Valley Semiconductor n − P b T e

Phonon-cyclotron resonance in the free-carrier magnetoabsorption of $n$-type PbTe has been studied. The results observed for the many-valley conduction band with an anisotropic effective mass in each valley depend on the orientation of magnetic field relative to the crystal axes, and resonances are observable with polarization of radiation either longitudinal or transverse relative to the magnetic field. The results interpreted with the help of a theory provide a determination of the anisotropic effective mass and the energy of longitudinal-optical phonons. A new type of resonance has been found in the absorption as a function of magnetic field, independent of the photon energy. The effect has been observed only with radiation of longitudinal polarization. It is attributed to the variation in the carrier transfer between valleys which are not equivalent with respect to the magnetic field. The "carrier-transfer resonance" may be useful for the study of anisotropic carrier absorption in individual valleys.
Craniofacial relationships in mandibular prognathism.

Abstract Univariate and multivariate procedures are employed in this study to analyze measurements obtained from the lateral head roentgenograms of 52 adult individuals with mandibular prognathism. The prognathism sample consists of 36 individuals without, and 16 individuals with, clinical open bite. The cranial base and maxillary complex are smaller, on the average, in prognathism. While the mandible is not significantly longer, it is situated further forward. Face height is the only parameter in which prognathic individuals with and without open bite differ appreciably. Multiple stepwise regression analysis of these data shows that mandibular prognathism subjects (both with and without open bite) may be discriminated from the general population using only 5 variables with an R = 0.82. The interdependence of these 5 predictors, cranial base, mandibular size, form and position, and maxillary position substantiates Bjork's hypotheses of prognathism.
Electron microscopy of endothelial cells in culture. IV: Surface replicas

Few techniques exist for applying the resolving power of the transmission electron microscope to examination of the surface plasma membrane of any cell type. In this paper methods are described for replicating the true outer surface of endothelial cells in culture and for preparing the replicas for examination in a transmission electron microscope.
CONFORMAL EXTENSION OF MASSIVE WAVE FUNCTIONS

Abstract We extend from the massless to the massive case the canonical conformal mapping of solutions of wave equations in two-dimensional Minkowski space M 0 into the universal cover M of the conformal compactification M of M 0 . There is a continuous Poincare-covariant map from the space of solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation in M 0 to the dual of the space of analytic vectors for the action of the conformal group G ≃ SU (1, 1)× SU (1, 1) on massive fields in M . The extensions satisfy a corresponding wave equation in M . As in the case of massless equations, the extended solutions are periodic under the generator ζ of the infinite cyclic center of the conformal group G in M . The analysis involves the determination of the action of the chronometric temporal evolution, i.e., the one-parameter group of nonlinear transformations generated by the center of the maximal essentially-compact subgroup of G on the Fourier transforms of wave functions in Minkowski space. The analytic continuation of this evolution to complex times of positive imaginary part is represented by a Hilbert–Schmidt operator whose kernel is determined in closed form. Fields of higher conformal weight associated with other discrete series representations of G are also treated in this respect.
Mood, Personality, and Interaction

(1961). Mood, Personality, and Interaction. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 105-137.
Tularemia in Alaska, 1938 - 2010

Tularemia is a serious, potentially life threatening zoonotic disease. The causative agent, Francisella tularensis, is ubiquitous in the Northern hemisphere, including Alaska, where it was first isolated from a rabbit tick (Haemophysalis leporis-palustris) in 1938. Since then, F. tularensis has been isolated from wildlife and humans throughout the state. Serologic surveys have found measurable antibodies with prevalence ranging from < 1% to 50% and 4% to 18% for selected populations of wildlife species and humans, respectively. We reviewed and summarized known literature on tularemia surveillance in Alaska and summarized the epidemiological information on human cases reported to public health officials. Additionally, available F. tularensis isolates from Alaska were analyzed using canonical SNPs and a multi-locus variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) system. The results show that both F. t. tularensis and F. t. holarctica are present in Alaska and that subtype A.I, the most virulent type, is responsible for most recently reported human clinical cases in the state.
Tribe, Nation, World: Self‐Identification in the Evolving International System

The end of the Cold War and the growth of economic, political, and informational globalization are challenging our traditional definitions of self. Franck displays the complexity and growing subjectiveness of identity by providing a detailed lexicon of identity, including definitions of nation, state, tribe, and ethnicity. He argues that recent appeals to nationalism based on a common sociocultural, geographic, and linguistic heritage should be seen as reactions against the broadening communities of trade, information, and power. However, Franck asserts that anomie and xenophobia can be countered by giving substatal ethnicities, minorities, and political parties a voice and a vote in international forums.
Fire Safety in Extraterrestrial Environments

Despite rigorous fire-safety policies and practices, fire incidents are possible during lunar and Martian missions. Fire behavior and hence preventive and responsive safety actions in the missions are strongly influenced by the low-gravity environments in flight and on the planetary surfaces. This paper reviews the understanding and key issues of fire safety in the missions, stressing flame spread, fire detection, suppression, and combustion performance of propellants produced from Martian resources.
ON A MODIFICATION OF HANSEN'S LUNAR THEORY

In this article a modification of Hansen's lunar theory is given in a form that permits a purely numerical treatment of solar perturbations of planetary satellites or of perturbations caused by the earth in the motion of hypothetical lunar satellites. The development of the coordinates and of the velocities of a satellite is obtained in the form of a trigonometric series in four arguments with numerical coefficients. At the earlier stages of the computation we are not compelled to use Hansen's basic W function. We make use of the fictitious mean anomaly and the replacement ‘bar’ operation, two characteristic features of Hansen's theory, to set up a process of iteration in a convenient form, rather than to compute W. The preference given to the method of iteration was motivated by the circumstance that an input information must not necessarily be limited to the choice of the rotating ellipse as an intermediary orbit. A systematic investigation of the orbital stability of lunar satellites can be based on the development given in this article.
Physical Therapy Management in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

In the field of physical therapy, the traditional treatment approaches to chronic pain have been less than rewarding. In recent years, however, efforts have been made to develop alternative approaches to the difficult problem of pain. This article presents an example of one such approach—our physical therapy program in a pain management center setting. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Our Pain Management Center is a satellite unit of the Department of Psychiatry in conjunction with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. The Center is staffed by a multidisciplinary team that includes: physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychiatrists, physiatrists, psychologists, registered nurses, a biofeedback technician, a program coordinator, and social workers. We believe that cooperation and communication between these team members is essential to the successful treatment of chronic pain. The underlying theme in our treatment method is behavior modification.1…
A Polysaccharide-Protein Complex from Haemophilus influenzae Type b. I. Activity in Weanling Rabbits and Human T Lymphocytes

Complexes containing proteins, capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had been isolated from the supernatants of cultures of Haemophilus influenzae type b and were found to elicit rabbit antibodies to PRP much more effectively than did purified PRP vaccine. Similar complexes have now been prepared, in which the LPS content and endotoxic activity are greatly reduced. One such preparation, called polysaccharide-protein complex (PC), elicited antibodies to PRP in a "boostable" pattern in weanling rabbits and antibodies to the somatic components of H. influenzae type b, primarily LPS. PC greatly exceeded PRP in the in vitro stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation by mononuclear leukocytes from human peripheral blood; the response occurred in T cells rather than in B cells. Lymphocyte stimulation by conventionally purified PRP appeared to be due to a small residuum of material that resembled PC.
Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant mouse translation initiation factor eIF4E as a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) fusion protein.

Abstract One of the earliest steps in translation initiation is recognition of the mRNA cap structure (m7GpppX) by the initiation factor eIF4E. Studies of interactions between purified eIF4E and its binding partners provide important information for understanding mechanisms underlying translational control in normal and cancer cells. Numerous impediments of the available methods used for eIF4E purification led us to develop a novel methodology for obtaining fractions of eIF4E free from undesired by-products. Herein we report methods for bacterial expression of eIF4E tagged with mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) followed by isolation and purification of the DHFR–eIF4E protein by using affinity and anion exchange chromatography. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated the cap-analog, 7MeGTP, bound to DHFR–eIF4E and eIF4E with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 6 ± 5 and 10 ± 3 nM, respectively. Recombinant eIF4E and DHFR–eIF4E were both shown to significantly enhance in vitro translation in dose dependent manner by 75% at 0.5 μM. Nevertheless increased concentrations of eIF4E and DHFR–eIF4E significantly inhibited translation in a dose dependent manner by a maximum at 2 μM of 60% and 90%, respectively. Thus, we have demonstrated that we have developed an expression system for fully functional recombinant eIF4E. We have also shown that the fusion protein DHFR–eIF4E is functional and thus may be useful for cell based affinity tag studies with fluorescently labeled trimethoprim analogs.
Quantitation and kinetic properties of hepatic microsomal and recombinant flavin-containing monooxygenases 3 and 5 from humans

Abstract Variable amounts of flavin-containing monooxygenase isoforms 3 and 5 (FMO3 and FMO5) are present in microsomal preparations from adult, male, human liver. Quantitation with monospecific antibodies and recombinant isoforms as standards showed levels of FMO3 and of FMO5 that ranged from 12.5 to 117 and 3.5 to 34 pmol/mg microsomal protein, respectively. The concentration of FMO3 was greater than that of FMO5 in all samples, but the ratio of FMO3 to FMO5 varied from 2:1 to 10:1. Human hepatic microsomal samples also showed variable activities for the S-oxidation of methimazole. This activity was associated totally with FMO3; no participation of FMO5 was apparent. This conclusion was supported by several lines of evidence: first, the catalytic efficiency of FMO3 with methimazole was found to be ∼5000 times greater than that of FMO5; second, the rate of metabolism showed a direct, quantitative relationship with FMO3 content; third, the plot of the relationship between metabolism and FMO3 content extrapolated close to the origin. A second reaction, the N-oxidation of ranitidine, exhibited a much higher K m with recombinant FMO3 than did methimazole (2 mM vs. 35 μ M). However, a direct relationship between this reaction and FMO3 content in human hepatic microsomal preparations was also apparent. This result shows that even with a high K m substrate, FMO3-catalyzed metabolism can account for the majority of the product formation with some drugs. Our findings demonstrate that the contribution of FMO isoforms to human hepatic drug metabolism can be assessed quantitatively on the basis of the characteristics of the enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli