cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal selection of wireless channels for real-time communication in ambulances

The design and implementation of ambulances that exchange high quality video, vital signs, voice and text communications, and patient information in real-time with the emergency room are becoming a reality. For instance, the Disaster Relief and Emergency Medical Service (DREAMStrade) project has developed such ambulances. Through wireless Internet access, the ambulances take advantage of the widespread cellular coverage in rural and urban areas to transfer audio, video and vital signs. In this paper, our goal is to improve the intelligence of the channel selection mechanism of the ambulance based on metrics such as data transfer efficiency and reliability. Using a simple optimization algorithm, we propose a strategy to assign the next designated channel for the high priority data.
A trophic state index for lakes1

A numerical trophic state index for lakes has been developed that incorporates most lakes in a scale of 0 to 100. Each major division ( 10, 20, 30, etc. ) represents a doubling in algal biomass. The index number can bc calculated from any of several parameters, including Secchi disk transparency, chlorophyll, and total phosphorus. My purpose here is to present a new approach to the trophic classification of lakes. This new approach was developed because of frustration in communicating to the public both the current nature or status of lakes and their future condition after restoration when the traditional trophic classification system is used. The system presented hcrc, termed a trophic state index (TSI), involves new methods both of defining trophic status and of determining that status in lakes. All trophic classification is based on the division of the trophic continuum, howcvcr this is defined, into a series of classes termed trophic states. Traditional systems divide the continuum into three classes: oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and cutrophic. There is often no clear delineation of these divisions. Determinations of trophic state are made from examination of several diverse criteria, such as shape of the oxygen curve, species composition of the bottom fauna or of the phytoplankton, conccntrations of nutrients, and various measures of biomass or production. Although each changes from oligotrophy to eutrophy, the changes do not occur at sharply defined places, nor do they all occur at the same place or at the same rate. Some lakes may be considered oligotrophic by one criterion and eutrophic by another; this problem is
Repeat Courses of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), Deferring Whole-Brain Irradiation, for New Brain Metastases After Initial SRS

Purpose To report the outcomes of repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), deferring whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), for distant intracranial recurrences and identify factors associated with prolonged overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified 652 metastases in 95 patients treated with 2 or more courses of SRS for brain metastases, deferring WBRT. Cox regression analyzed factors predictive for OS. Results Patients had a median of 2 metastases (range, 1-14) treated per course, with a median of 2 courses (range, 2-14) of SRS per patient. With a median follow-up after first SRS of 15 months (range, 3-98 months), the median OS from the time of the first and second course of SRS was 18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15-24) and 11 months (95% CI 6-17), respectively. On multivariate analysis, histology, graded prognostic assessment score, aggregate tumor volume (but not number of metastases), and performance status correlated with OS. The 1-year cumulative incidence, with death as a competing risk, of local failure was 5% (95% CI 4-8%). Eighteen (24%) of 75 deaths were from neurologic causes. Nineteen patients (20%) eventually received WBRT. Adverse radiation events developed in 2% of SRS sites. Conclusion Multiple courses of SRS, deferring WBRT, for distant brain metastases after initial SRS, seem to be a safe and effective approach. The graded prognostic assessment score, updated at each course, and aggregate tumor volume may help select patients in whom the deferral of WBRT might be most beneficial.
CDC Diabetes Control Programs - Overview of Diabetes Patient Education:

In 1974, Congress established the National Commission on Diabetes which recommended that the Centers for Disease Control implement the health care and educational com ponent of a Long Range Plan. In 1977, at the Commission's recom mendation, the CDC established Dia betes Control Programs in 20 states. The wide variety of interventions and special studies conducted by these states include patient and professional education projects as well as activities related to primary care, complications, and others such as insulin pump sur veillance and hypertension. This paper focuses on project activities, implementation, evaluation of educa tion interventions, and preliminary results of these programs.
Cool-season whole-plant gas exchange of exotic and native semiarid bunchgrasses

The success of invasive aridland plants may depend on their utilization of precipitation not fully exploited by native species, which could lead to seasonally altered ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. We measured volumetric soil water across 25-cm profiles (θ25cm) and springtime whole-plant water- and carbon-fluxes of the exotic Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) and a native bunchgrass, bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri), following typical (55 mm in 2009) and El Nino-enhanced accumulations (154 mm in 2010) in a SE Arizona savanna. Across both years, θ25cm was higher under lovegrass plots, with similar evapotranspiration (ET) between lovegrass and bush muhly plots. However, in 2010 transpiration (T) was higher in bush muhly than lovegrass, implying higher soil evaporation in lovegrass plots maintained similar ET. Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) was similar between lovegrass and bush muhly plots in 2009, but was more negative in bush muhly plots following El Nino, indicating greater CO2 assimilation. Ecosystem respiration (R eco) and gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) were similar between lovegrass and bush muhly plots in 2009, but were higher in bush muhly plots in 2010. As a result, lovegrass plots reduced ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUEe = NEE/ET), while bush muhly WUEe remained constant between 2009 and 2010. Concurrent whole-plant WUE (WUEp = GEP/T) did not change in lovegrass plots, but increased in bush muhly plots between these years. We concluded that cool-season precipitation use is not a component of Lehmann lovegrass invasive success, but that the change in ET partitioning and attendant shifts in cool-season WUEe may increase interannual variation in ecosystem water- and carbon-exchange dynamics in the water-limited systems it dominates.
A novel autofocusing approach for estimating directions-of-arrival of wideband signals

We propose a novel approach to the design of focusing matrices which play important role in the coherent methods for wideband direction-of-arrival estimation. We call this ‘autofocusing’ because unlike the conventional methods, our technique constructs the focusing matrices entirely by processing the received signal and does not require any preliminary DOA estimates. In this way, it overcomes the major drawback of the coherent methods which otherwise possess many desirable properties. Through computer simulations, the proposed method is found to exhibit satisfactory performance in comparison to the existing wideband DOA estimation algorithms. 1
The Classic: Sulfonamides in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis

This Classic article is a reprint of the original work by John Albert Key, Sulfonamides in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis. An accompanying biographical sketch on John Albert Key, MD, is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-0798-6. The Classic Article is ©1944 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. and is reprinted with permission from Key JA. Sulfonamides in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1944;26:63–70.
Refractive index gradient in the surface of a zirconium fluoride glass by exchange with chlorine

The refractive index of the surface of a zirconium fluoride glass was increased by exchanging fluorine in the glass with gaseous chlorine. The chlorine profile in the glass surface, as measured by Rutherford backscattering, was that expected for diffusion. The refractive index change was measured with ellipsometry, and compared to models of the concentration profile of chlorine.
A light microscopic and electron microscopic study of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis).

Histochemical, Golgi, and electron microscopic methods were used to study the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the tree shrew. Following horseradish peroxidase injections in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) and the pulvinar (Pul), retrogradely labeled somata were found in the upper two-thirds and the lower third of the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), respectively, as has been described by Albano et al. ('79). In tissue prepared with Golgi methods, somata, similar in location and shape to those projecting to the LGd, had narrow, vertically oriented dendritic arbors, which were confined to the upper two-thirds of the SGS. Cells located in the lower third of the SGS had larger somata, similar to those projecting to the Pul, and wider dendritic arbors, which were confined to the lower two-thirds of the SGS. Electron microscopic comparison of the number of degenerating terminals following enucleation and striate cortex lesion indicated that within the SGS terminals from the retina overwhelmingly outnumbered those from the cortex. In both types of material, degenerating terminals were observed throughout the SGS. However, the majority of the degenerating optic terminals were located in the upper SGS, whereas most of the degenerating striate terminals were found in the lower SGS. Thus, cells that project to the LGd and those that project to the Pul differ not only with respect to location, size, and dendritic morphology, but also with respect to the proportion of retinal and striate afferents which terminate in the region of their dendritic trees.
An empirical analysis of the Lilith instruction set

A static analysis of the instructions used to implement all of the system software on the Lilith computer is described. The results are compared to those of a similar analysis performed on the Mesa instruction set architecture. The data provide a good illustration of how code generation strategies and language usage can affect opcode statistics, even for machines with similar architectures. >
Long-term results of primary total knee replacement in patients with hemophilia.

Background: The outcome of total knee replacement in patients with hemophilia has been variable. Several authors have suggested a relationship between high rates of late infection following total knee replacement in patients with hemophilia and a positive HIV status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of primary total knee replacements performed in a large group of hemophilic patients at a single institution by the same primary surgeon. Methods: The results of ninety primary total knee replacements performed in sixty-eight hemophilic patients between 1975 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. The HIV status and the CD4 count at the time of the surgery were recorded for fifty-three patients (seventy-one knees). Knee Society clinical and functional scores were determined for twenty-nine patients (thirty-eight knees) who were available for follow-up. Prosthetic survival was calculated with use of Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of infection was 16%. Twelve knees required removal of components, and the reason for the removal was late infection in nine of them. The prevalence of infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients was 17% and 13%, respectively (p = 0.5). When component removal for any reason, survival free of infection at any point, and mechanical failure were considered to be the end points, the ten-year survival rates were 83%, 77%, and 96%, respectively. The Knee Society clinical score was excellent or good for 80% of the knees, and the Knee Society functional score was excellent or good for 97% of the knees. Conclusions: Despite the anatomical challenges, the mechanical survival of total knee replacements in patients with hemophilia is quite good. However, the prevalence of infection after the total knee replacements was high. The prevention of late infection would substantially improve the long-term outcome of total knee replacements in this patient population. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Purification and Characterization of Progenitor and Mature Human Astrocytes Reveals Transcriptional and Functional Differences with Mouse.

The functional and molecular similarities and distinctions between human and murine astrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we report the development of an immunopanning method to acutely purify astrocytes from fetal, juvenile, and adult human brains and to maintain these cells in serum-free cultures. We found that human astrocytes have abilities similar to those of murine astrocytes in promoting neuronal survival, inducing functional synapse formation, and engulfing synaptosomes. In contrast to existing observations in mice, we found that mature human astrocytes respond robustly to glutamate. Next, we performed RNA sequencing of healthy human astrocytes along with astrocytes from epileptic and tumor foci and compared these to human neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells (available at http://www.brainrnaseq.org). With these profiles, we identified novel human-specific astrocyte genes and discovered a transcriptome-wide transformation between astrocyte precursor cells and mature post-mitotic astrocytes. These data represent some of the first cell-type-specific molecular profiles of the healthy and diseased human brain.
Assessment of a hybrid finite element and finite volume code for turbulent incompressible flows

Hydra-TH is a hybrid finite-element/finite-volume incompressible/low-Mach flow simulation code based on the Hydra multiphysics toolkit being developed and used for thermal-hydraulics applications. In the present work, a suite of verification and validation (V&V) test problems for Hydra-TH was defined to meet the design requirements of the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL). The intent for this test problem suite is to provide baseline comparison data that demonstrates the performance of the Hydra-TH solution methods. The simulation problems vary in complexity from laminar to turbulent flows. A set of RANS and LES turbulence models were used in the simulation of four classical test problems. Numerical results obtained by Hydra-TH agreed well with either the available analytical solution or experimental data, indicating the verified and validated implementation of these turbulence models in Hydra-TH. Where possible, some form of solution verification has been attempted to identify sensitivities in the solution methods, and suggest best practices when using the Hydra-TH code. We performed a comprehensive study to verify and validate the turbulence models in Hydra-TH.Hydra-TH delivers 2nd-order grid convergence for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.Hydra-TH can accurately simulate the laminar boundary layers.Hydra-TH can accurately simulate the turbulent boundary layers with RANS turbulence models.Hydra-TH delivers high-fidelity LES capability for simulating turbulent flows in confined space.
Hydrophilus harpe sp. nov., a remarkable new species of giant water scavenger beetle from Brazil (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

A remarkable new species of giant water scavenger beetle, Hydrophilus (Dibolocelus) harpe sp. nov., is described from Northeastern and Southeastern Brazil. Measuring nearly 5 cm in length, it is one of the largest species of Hydrophilidae in the world. It is superficially similar to Hydrophilus masculinus (Regimbart, 1901) but is differentiated from that species by the form of the male protarsal claw and tibial spurs. A lectotype for Hydrophilus masculinus is also designated.
Abstract 317: ACE2 Deficiency Enhances Angiotensin II-Induced Vasoconstriction Of The Uterine Artery at Mid-Gestation In Mice.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in humans. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system that influences the balance between angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). ACE2 is highly expressed in the human placenta and maternal stromal tissue in normal pregnancy; however its role in pregnancy is not well understood. Our previous studies revealed that pregnancy in ACE2-deficient mice (ACE2KO) is associated with restricted maternal and fetal weight, attenuated circulating Ang-(1-7), and increased placental Ang II at the end of pregnancy. Since the loss of ACE2 may lead to vascular dysfunction and FGR, we compared the uterine artery reactivity in ACE2KO versus wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) pregnant mice using wire myography. Maternal and fetal weights and pup-to-placenta ratio were not altered in ACE2KO at day 14 of gestation. However, the number of pups was reduced in ACE2KO [ACE2KO: 7.2±0.2 vs. WT: 9.8±0.7 pups, n=4-5; *p
Observations and implications of water well and creepmeter anomalies in the Mojave segment of the San Andreas fault zone

Four years of continuous water level data from a 1,900 m deep well near the San Andreas fault in southern California show a 21-month period of unusual rapid fluctuations. The anomalous water level activity ceases with the occurrence of the 8 July 1986, ML = 5.6 North Palm Springs earthquake on the San Andreas fault, approximately 120 km southeast of the well site. The water level data correlate with signals from two San Andreas fault zone strain sensors. The long-term water level variations are similar in shape to those recorded by a borehole dilatometer 30 km from the well site, while the rapid water level fluctuations correlate in time with anomalies in the record of a fault zone creepmeter located 35 km from the water level monitor. The observations are interpreted in terms of strain occurring in a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous crust. Tectonic deformation is concentrated along weak block-bounding fault zones. The blocks are sufficiently rigid to generate correlated displacement phenomena along their weak boundaries. As a consequence, fault zone strain events can be related over large distances as in the case of the North Palm Springs earthquake and the coincident creep and water level anomalies. The observed creep and water level events occur in a weak aseismic shallow (<3 km) material overlying stronger asperities along which the fault is locked and regional strain loading occurs. Local failure of the fault within the weak shallow material has no far-field effects and is not important in the crustal stress budget, but may signal accelerated strain accumulation at depth. In this context, the reported observations demonstrate the possibility of joint detection of fault zone anomalies that relate to, and possibly anticipate, major tectonic strain events on large faults.
Excimer-Laser Crystallization of Silicon Films: Numerical Simulation of Lateral Solidification

We have utilized a recently developed transient two-dimensional model for simulating localized beam-induced melting and solidification of thin silicon films on SiO 2 . Specifically, by tailoring the lateral beam profile, we simulate those situations that are encountered in the artificially-controlled superlateral growth (ACSLG) method, in which various techniques are utilized to irradiate the sample in preselected regions of a silicon film. The spatially and temporally localized character of heating is simulated by introducing a time-dependent two-dimensional heat-source function. The evolution of melt-creation and ensuing solidification is studied as a function of incident energy density and film thickness. The results show two distinct types of behavior as a function of incident energy density: at low energy densities, partial melting and predominantly vertical solidification occur; while at high energy densities, complete melting of the irradiated portion of the film is followed by rapid lateral solidification.
Resolution of Cryptic Species in Appalachian Red Crossbills

Deux formes distinctes et sympatriques de L. c. sont mises en evidence dans les populations de Virginie et de Caroline du Nord. Les caracteres distinctifs retenus sont les cris d'appel en vol et la morphometrie.
Learning orientation as a predictor of positive intergroup contact

Adapting the goal orientation framework from the achievement motivation literature, the present research tests whether learning orientation, as compared to performance orientation, predicts greater comfort and interest in intergroup contact. These links are examined in a cross-sectional survey of European American and African American middle school students (Study 1), and in a longitudinal survey with European American high school students (Study 2). Both studies yielded converging evidence that while performance orientation generally had a negative association with comfort and interest, a stronger orientation toward learning predicted greater comfort and interest in intergroup contact. The links between the learning orientation and comfort and interest in intergroup contact were consistent across both racial groups in Study 1, and in longitudinal analyses in Study 2. Together, these findings point to learning orientation as a potentially important means for promoting positive intergroup contact.
Developmental Genetics and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children. There is a wide spectrum of renal abnormalities, from mild hydronephrosis to more severe cases, such as bilateral renal dysplasia. The etiology of the majority of cases of CAKUT remains unknown, but there is increasing evidence that genomic imbalance contributes to the pathogenesis of CAKUT. Advances in human and mouse genetics have contributed to increased understanding of the pathophysiology of CAKUT. Mutations in genes involved in both transcription factors and signal transduction pathways involved in renal development are associated with CAKUT. Large cohort studies suggest that copy number variants, genomic, or de novo mutations may explain up to one-third of all cases of CAKUT. One of the major challenges to the use of genetic information in the clinical setting remains the lack of strict genotype–phenotype correlation. However, identifying genetic causes of CAKUT may lead to improved diagnosis of extrarenal complications. With the advent of decreasing costs for whole genome and exome sequencing, future studies focused on genotype–phenotype correlations, gene modifiers, and animal models of gene mutations will be needed to translate genetic advances into improved clinical care.
ANG II and baroreflex function in rabbits with CHF and lesions of the area postrema.

Blockade of the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1) has been shown to restore baroreflex sensitivity in rats and rabbits with experimental chronic heart failure (CHF). Because the modulat...
Corneal Endothelium in Patients with Anterior Uveitis

Purpose To investigate a possible effect of intraocular inflammation on corneal endothelium by describing corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphologic variables in eyes with anterior uveitis, and to investigate factors that may influence these findings. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Observers were not masked. Participants Volunteers with histories of unilateral or bilateral anterior segment inflammation (anterior, intermediate, or panuveitis); included were 52 patients (84 eyes with uveitis). Methods Endothelial cell density and morphologic variables of both eyes of all study participants were determined by specular microscopy; central corneal thickness was determined by ultrasound pachymetry. Main Outcome Measures Central corneal ECD, coefficient of variability, percentage hexagonality, and central corneal thickness. Results Central ECD was lower among eyes that had undergone cataract or glaucoma surgery or both (n = 28; P = 0.0004). After exclusion of eyes with surgery, variables for eyes with uveitis (n = 56) were compared with 2 historical populations of normal, age-matched controls and with contralateral eyes in individuals with unilateral uveitis. Central ECD was lower in eyes with uveitis than in control eyes for all age groups ( P ≤ 0.01 for four of six 10-year age intervals compared with the primary control group). Among patients with unilateral uveitis who had not undergone surgery in either eye (n = 12), central ECD was lower in eyes with uveitis (2324 cells/mm 2 [range, 1543–3289 cells/mm 2 ]) than in contralateral eyes (2812.5 cells/mm 2 [range, 1887–3546 cells/mm 2 ]; P = 0.0005), and percentage hexagonality was lower in eyes with uveitis (54% [range, 33%–66%]) than in contralateral eyes (58.5% [range, 52%–82%]; P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in central corneal thickness between eyes with and without uveitis ( P = 0.27). No eyes had clinically apparent central corneal edema. Relationships remained unchanged after exclusion of eyes with herpetic anterior uveitis. Host and disease-related characteristics were evaluated as risk factors for variations in outcome measures. Central ECD was correlated to the duration of active uveitis ( r = −0.41; P r = −0.40; P = 0.0002), and maximum laser flare photometry value ( r = −0.26; P = 0.020). Conclusions Observed relationships suggest that anterior segment inflammation adversely affects the corneal endothelium. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether long-standing anterior uveitis increases risk of endothelial dysfunction, especially in the setting of intraocular surgery.
The role of anticoagulation in acute myocardial infarction.

Radionuclide techniques for assessing patients with myocardial infarction have evolved from a diagnostic tool to one of quantifying functional myocardial characteristics. These techniques provide measures of regional and global function, myocardial perfusion, and the metabolic integrity of specific regions of the myocardium. These methods are able to quantify the extent of myocardial damage and provide important prognostic information for risk stratification. Newer techniques, particularly those involving metabolic imaging, are being developed to define and quantify myocardium salvaged by acute interventions, and to identify those patients requiring further intervention
Inhaled drug therapy development for the treatment of migraine.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The inhalation of substances, both medicinally and recreationally, is a commonly used method of drug administration but has been underutilized in the treatment of neurologic disorders such as migraine. Three drugs have been studied as potential inhalable treatments for acute migraine: dihydroergotamine (MAP0004), prochlorperazine (Staccato prochlorperazine), and loxapine (Staccato loxapine).Areas covered: This review discusses the available literature describing the pharmacokinetics, tolerability and efficacy of MAP0004, Staccato prochlorperazine and Staccato loxapine, including data from Phase II and Phase III clinical trials.Expert opinion: Inhaled DHE offers rapid absorption with a pharmacokinetic profile similar to IV administration. Improved side effect profile results from more selective binding at antimigraine serotonergic receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D. Inhaled prochlorperazine is rapidly absorbed and resulted in statistically significant migraine pain relief at 2 hours compared...
Unpacking Policy Diffusion: A Textual Analysis of Refugee and Population Policies Across African Countries

Policy diffusion refers to the sequential adoption of similar policies, programs, or bureaucratic structures by countries around the world. Sociologists and political scientists have generally found such adoptions to be more strongly patterned by countries connections to the world polity through international governmental and nongovernmental organizations than by characteristics of countries themselves. Despite the predictive power of such connections, this research can be criticized on two fronts. First, there is a great deal of slippage regarding the meaning of diffusion and the object that diffuses. Second, policies do not always diffuse from the core to the periphery because countries of the core have not always themselves adopted the policy or program in question. To address these criticisms, we conduct a textual analysis of the spread of two types of demographically oriented policiesthose to slow population growth and those to manage refugeesamong African countries. Our main findings include: (1) there is an increase in textual similarity over time, particularly after key international events; (2) policies written close to one another in time are more textually similar; (3) there is evidence for periphery-to-core diffusion for population policies; and (4) there is not much diffusion within regions.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for High-Throughput Phenotyping and Agronomic Research

Advances in automation and data science have led agriculturists to seek real-time, high-quality, high-volume crop data to accelerate crop improvement through breeding and to optimize agronomic practices. Breeders have recently gained massive data-collection capability in genome sequencing of plants. Faster phenotypic trait data collection and analysis relative to genetic data leads to faster and better selections in crop improvement. Furthermore, faster and higher-resolution crop data collection leads to greater capability for scientists and growers to improve precision-agriculture practices on increasingly larger farms; e.g., site-specific application of water and nutrients. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently gained traction as agricultural data collection systems. Using UAVs for agricultural remote sensing is an innovative technology that differs from traditional remote sensing in more ways than strictly higher-resolution images; it provides many new and unique possibilities, as well as new and unique challenges. Herein we report on processes and lessons learned from year 1—the summer 2015 and winter 2016 growing seasons–of a large multidisciplinary project evaluating UAV images across a range of breeding and agronomic research trials on a large research farm. Included are team and project planning, UAV and sensor selection and integration, and data collection and analysis workflow. The study involved many crops and both breeding plots and agronomic fields. The project’s goal was to develop methods for UAVs to collect high-quality, high-volume crop data with fast turnaround time to field scientists. The project included five teams: Administration, Flight Operations, Sensors, Data Management, and Field Research. Four case studies involving multiple crops in breeding and agronomic applications add practical descriptive detail. Lessons learned include critical information on sensors, air vehicles, and configuration parameters for both. As the first and most comprehensive project of its kind to date, these lessons are particularly salient to researchers embarking on agricultural research with UAVs.
Simulated Use of Experimental Maize Grinding Tools from Southwestern Colorado

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the result of an experiment devised to simulate maize-grinding activities as they may have been practiced at the Duckfoot site, a small Anasazi hamlet inhabited in the ninth century, and located near Cortez, Colorado. Fifty-three and one-half hours were spent grinding maize using three replicated manos and a single replicated metate. The findings of this experiment suggest that wear resulting from use and sharpening is a measurable entity. The results of the experiment are used to estimate use-life and vegetal meal production rates for each experimental tool.
11. Thomas’ the Tombstone Told When She Died

(1956). 11. Thomas’ the Tombstone Told When She Died. The Explicator: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 24-27.
What Do Student Teachers Want in Mentor Teachers?: Desired, Expected, Possible, and Emerging Roles.

Research has shown that mentor teachers play varied roles. Using a conceptual framework grounded in these roles, the researchers explored what seven student teachers said during multiple interviews about the roles they wanted for their mentor teachers. Findings showed that while some participants preferred emotional support and others wanted instructional support, none wanted socialization. The researchers identified a new category–mentor as gatekeeper–to capture the preferences of one participant and concerns of others. This category reflected a focus on the credentialing aspect of student teaching as something that students must complete before licensure. Implications for teacher education included additional support for mentor teacher–preservice teacher pairs such as conversations about desired, expected, possible, and emerging roles during the mentoring process.
Novel Wing-Flashing Behavior in a Scorpionfly (Panorpa debilis) May be Competitive

Scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) are important models for studying sexual selection and mating strategies. However, much is still unknown about their behavior and natural history. Here we describe a wing-flashing behavior in a population of Panorpa debilis Westwood from central New York. Wing-flashing has been previously observed, but not described in Mecoptera. We use a combination of direct observation and video analysis in an attempt to understand the motivation behind this behavior: is wing-flashing behavior used for attraction of mates, for control of food resources, or perhaps neither? If wing-flashing is involved in mate attraction, we would expect skewed wing-flashing ratios between males and females and a high rate of wing-flashing aimed at conspecifics of the opposite sex. If the behavior is instead used for intraspecific competition for resources, we would expect a high degree of wing-flashing aimed at conspecifics of the same sex or indiscriminate of sex. We demonstrate that this behavior is non-random — and most likely competitive in nature — by showing that wing-flashing preferentially occurs near other individuals, and by comparing wing-flashing rates across males and females in a variety of situations. Both sexes used wing-flashes in response to the opposite sex, though most wing-flashes were female to female signals. Wing-flashing was even observed as a response to potentially competitive arthropods like harvestmen (Leiobunum spp.). In addition to their suitability as study organisms for mating behavior, P. debilis, may be a useful organism for studying animal communication and signaling.
CD5-negative mantle cell lymphoma shows a less aggressive outcome and variable SOX11 staining

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoma that prototypically expresses CD5, but a small subset is CD5 negative. The clinical significance of CD5 negativity is not yet well-elucidated. This case series aims to contribute to the understanding of CD5-negative MCL by looking at specific markers and outcome in our cases with long-term follow-up. Eight cases of CD5-negative MCL were identified in the case files at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1978 to 2016. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated, including immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1, SOX11, Ki67, and p53. Patients initially presented with involvement of lymph nodes and spleen (n = 4), sinonasal or oral mucosa (n = 2), orbital soft tissue (n = 1), and salivary gland (n = 1). On histology, the cases all showed classic MCL morphology, with a monotonous population of medium-sized cells with irregular nuclear contours. The cases were positive by immunohistochemistry for cyclinD1 (8/8 cases), essentially negative for p53 staining (8/8 cases), and mostly positive for SOX11 (5/8 cases). All cases had a low Ki67 proliferation rate (<5%). Long-term clinical follow-up on five cases showed that four patients had a clinical course complicated by multiple relapses to the skin, soft tissue, liver, and bone marrow. Seven cases with available follow-up showed an average survival of 121 months (SD 86 months), with no detectable survival difference between the SOX11 positive and negative cases. CD5-negative MCL is an uncommon subtype of MCL that overall appears to have a better prognosis and longer overall survival than classic MCL, despite SOX11 expression. The cases also show little p53 expression and a low Ki67 proliferation index.
A design methodology for disturbance observer with application to precision motion control: An H-infinity based approach

This paper proposes a disturbance observer (DOB) design procedure for general multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems based on the H-infinity synthesis. The DOB is designed by minimizing the H-infinity norm of the dynamic system from the disturbance to its estimation error. The design procedure does not require an explicit plant inverse. The proposed DOB is applied to a dual-stage hard disk drive (HDD) whose plant inverse is not applicable because of its dual-input-single-output nature. Simulation results show that the disturbance is effectively estimated and compensated enhancing precision of hard disk drive (HDD) servo for positioning of the recording head.
Efficient Transport Networks in a Dual Electron/Lithium-Conducting Polymeric Composite for Electrochemical Applications

In this work, an all-functional polymer material composed of the electrically conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) and lithium-conducting poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was developed to form a dual conductor for three-dimensional electrodes in electrochemical applications. The composite exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity (∼10–4 S cm–1) and, counterintuitively, electronic conductivity (∼45 S cm–1) with increasing PEO proportion, optimal at a monomer ratio of 20:1 PEO:PEDOT. Microscopy reveals a unique morphology, where PSS interacts favorably with PEO, destabilizing PEDOT to associate into highly branched, interconnected networks that allow for more efficient electronic transport despite relatively low concentrations. Thermal and X-ray techniques affirm that the PSS–PEO domain suppresses crystallinity, explaining the high ionic conductivity. Electrochemical experiments in lithium cell environments indicate stability as a function of cycling and improved overpot...
Framing the body, vocalizing the pain: perspectives of South Slavic female directors

The article argues that the recent output by a group of South Slavic female directors has created a synergy of thematic preoccupations and stylistic choices which constitute a new coherent developm...
Improved Trap Designs and Retention Mechanisms for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Current monitoring systems for the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae) in orchard agroecosystems rely on ground-deployed tall black pyramid traps baited with the two-component H. halys aggregation pheromone and pheromone synergist. Pyramid traps are comparatively costly, require considerable time to deploy and service, and may not be best suited to grower needs. Therefore, we evaluated other traps for H. halys, including modified pyramid traps (lures deployed on the outside), a canopy-deployed small pyramid, a pipe trap, delta traps, and yellow sticky cards in 2015 and 2016 in commercial apple and peach orchards. We also compared various H. halys killing agents for use in standard pyramid trap collection jars, including VaporTape kill strips, cattle ear tags, and plastic netting treated with various pyrethroids. Finally, we evaluated the effect of positioning the lures inside versus outside the collection jar on standard pyramid traps on overall captures. Among trap types, modified pyramid and pipe traps were most effective, capturing more adults than all other trap designs. Adult captures in small canopy-deployed pyramid, delta, and yellow sticky traps were lower, but significantly correlated with the standard black pyramid. Placing lures on the outside of collection jars on pyramid traps resulted in significantly greater captures and insecticide-impregnated netting was as effective for retaining bugs as VaporTape strips. These studies demonstrate that trapping systems for H. halys can be simplified and improved by modifying the trap design, lure deployment location, and/or killing agent.
Preparing Paleontological Datasets for Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

The fossil record holds considerable promise for furthering our understanding of macroevolutionary patterns, particularly allowing us to analyze hypotheses which cannot be tested with phylogenies of extant taxa alone. However, although there is a growing number of paleontological studies that use phylogenetic comparative methods to address questions of trait evolution, there is little documentation on obtaining the timescaled phylogenies of fossil taxa required for such analyses. This chapter is an attempt to introduce interested readers to the issues involved with that process, including the uncertainties and biases involved with fossil data, which some might inadvertently overlook. In addition, I illustrate how the fossil records of different groups can be very different in terms of the datasets available, including the issues of that data, and stress that there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution. Instead, for several hypothetical examples, I recommend several approaches that explicitly consider potential uncertainties, unavailable data, and biasing factors.
Energy Beverage Use Among U.S. Service Members.

Introduction The use of energy drinks (ED) or shots (ES) is becoming increasingly popular in U.S. beverage market. In addition, young, physically active males, such as active-duty enlistees represent a prime target for the advertising of ED/ES; however, the exact mechanisms and safety of these products have come under scrutiny. This cross-sectional, exploratory, web-based survey among U.S. service members describes the prevalence of ED/ES use as well as common side effects and safety of these products among self-reported users. Materials and methods A convenience sample of U.S. military members (n = 1,706; response rate = 7%) was used to conduct a cross-sectional, exploratory, web-based survey of ED/ES usage among U.S. military members. Main outcome measures included: (1) prevalence of ED/ES use, (2) perceived effects associated with use, and (3) differences among subgroups. Results Among all respondents, 50% reported consuming ED and 16% reported consuming ES at least once a month. Young, male, enlisted and members of operational military units were significantly more likely to indicate use of ED/ES at least once within the past 30 days than other groups, and were more likely to co-ingest ED and alcohol. Self-reported reasons for using ED included needing an energy boost (77%) and increasing mental alertness (52%). Perceived increases in mental alertness, heart rate, and mental endurance were the most commonly reported effects of ED/ES consumption. About a third (36%) perceived energy beverages and dietary supplements to be safe; while more than half (53%) reported not discussing ED, ES, vitamins/minerals, DS, caffeine, or alcohol use with their healthcare provider(s). Conclusion Military Service members fit the targeted age and gender demographic of many marketing campaigns for ED/ES products, and many perceive these beverages as safe to use. The possible problems associated with overuse/reliance on ED/ES products, particularly relating to operational force readiness, merit further investigation.
Gender (in)equality and gender politics in Southeastern Europe: A question of justice

Gender (In)equality and Gender Politics in Southeastern Europe is a comprehensive introduction to the social, economic, and legislative drivers of gender inequality in Southeastern Europe. While so...
Distribution of Sisyridae and Freshwater Sponges in the upper-Susquehanna Watershed, Otsego County, New York with a New Locality for Climacia areolaris (Hagen)

The headwaters of the Susquehanna River are contained within the Otsego Lake catchment in central New York and are home to members of the aquatic neuropteran family Sisyridae, which are predators/parasites of freshwater sponges as larvae. This study used cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding to identify the neuropteran taxa present on freshwater sponges and both spicule morphology and COI to identify sponge species in the Otsego Lake watershed. Both Climacia areolaris (Hagen, 1861) and Sisyra vicaria (Walker, 1853) were identified from a tributary to Otsego Lake and within the main branch of the Susquehanna River, while multiple sponge species were identified from the watershed. These are the first records of sisyrids from the Otsego Lake watershed and Climacia areolaris from Otsego County, New York.
Uncertainties in leaching assessment in micro-irrigated fields using water balance approach

Abstract Leaching is an important aspect of irrigation water management, as it must be minimal to save available irrigation water resources, prevent shallow groundwater tables, and reduce nutrient loadings to the groundwater. However, at the same time, leaching should be sufficient to maintain root zone salinity levels below the threshold to prevent yield reduction. Therefore, monitoring leaching is the key component in evaluation and optimization of irrigation water management practices. Water balance (WB) is a common approach used to estimate leaching in agricultural fields and was applied in this study to assess field-scale leaching and the associated uncertainties for an almond orchard under drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation systems. In this study, we showed that change is soil water storage (ΔS) is highly influenced by the extent of monitoring depth, the location and number of monitoring points. Local measurement of WB parameters showed that leaching is highly variable across the field, thereby introducing considerable uncertainty on estimated leaching using WB approach. It was also shown that unknown input of water through fog interception added to the complexity of closing water balance at field scale.