cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CD34+ collection efficiency as a function of blood volumes processed in pediatric autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection

Purpose: To characterize the relationship between CD34+ collection efficiency and blood volumes processed in pediatric patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. Methods: Retrospective 8-year (2001–2009) study of pediatric patients (n = 79) with neuroblastoma and central nervous system (CNS) tumors undergoing first day of autologous PBSC harvest using MNC program on the COBE Spectra (Caridian BCT, Lakewood, CO) was performed. Patients undergoing 0 to 2.9 BV (standard volume), 3 to 6 BV (large volume), and greater than 6 BV (ultra large volume) harvests were evaluated for CD34+ collection efficiency, diagnosis (neuroblastoma vs. nonneuroblastoma), disease type (primary vs. relapse), mobilization regimen, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) dose, and apheresis complications. Results: CD34+ collection efficiencies (CE) for neuroblastoma patients were 67%, 50%, and 53% for standard (n = 14), large (n = 9), and ultra large (n = 5) volume harvests, respectively. Similarly, patients with nonneuroblastoma diagnoses had CD34+ CE of 63%, 55%, and 65% for low (n = 19), large (n = 27), and ultra large (n = 5) volume harvests, respectively. Weight, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulation, type of mobilization, and apheresis complications (normalized by run time) were similar between the standard, large, and ultra large volume groups in patients with either neuroblastoma or nonneuroblastoma diagnoses. Conclusions: CD34+ collection efficiency in pediatric autologous PBSC collection on the first day of harvest does not decrease with higher numbers of blood volumes processed in patients with either neuroblastoma or nonneuroblastoma primary disease. These results indirectly indicate bone marrow CD34+ cell mobilization occurs with longer apheresis procedures in pediatric patients. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dynamic Euclidean minimum spanning trees and extrema of binary functions

We maintain the minimum spanning tree of a point set in the plane subject to point insertions and deletions, in amortized timeO(n1/2 log2n) per update operation. We reduce the problem to maintaining bichromatic closest pairs, which we solve in timeO(ne) per update. Our algorithm uses a novel construction, theordered nearest neighbor path of a set of points. Our results generalize to higher dimensions, and to fully dynamic algorithms for maintaining minima of binary functions, including the diameter of a point set and the bichromatic farthest pair.
Expert Committee Recommendations Regarding the Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: Summary Report

To revise 1998 recommendations on childhood obesity, an Expert Committee, comprised of representatives from 15 professional organizations, appointed experienced scientists and clinicians to 3 writing groups to review the literature and recommend approaches to prevention, assessment, and treatment. Because effective strategies remain poorly defined, the writing groups used both available evidence and expert opinion to develop the recommendations. Primary care providers should universally assess children for obesity risk to improve early identification of elevated BMI, medical risks, and unhealthy eating and physical activity habits. Providers can provide obesity prevention messages for most children and suggest weight control interventions for those with excess weight. The writing groups also recommend changing office systems so that they support efforts to address the problem. BMI should be calculated and plotted at least annually, and the classification should be integrated with other information such as growth pattern, familial obesity, and medical risks to assess the child’s obesity risk. For prevention, the recommendations include both specific eating and physical activity behaviors, which are likely to promote maintenance of healthy weight, but also the use of patient-centered counseling techniques such as motivational interviewing, which helps families identify their own motivation for making change. For assessment, the recommendations include methods to screen for current medical conditions and for future risks, and methods to assess diet and physical activity behaviors. For treatment, the recommendations propose 4 stages of obesity care; the first is brief counseling that can be delivered in a health care office, and subsequent stages require more time and resources. The appropriateness of higher stages is influenced by a patient’s age and degree of excess weight. These recommendations recognize the importance of social and environmental change to reduce the obesity epidemic but also identify ways healthcare providers and health care systems can be part of broader efforts.
Broadband control of the viscoelasticity of ferroelectrics via domain switching

We show that the viscoelastic properties of polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics can be significantly altered over a wide range of mechanical frequencies when domain switching is controlled by cyclic electric fields. The dynamic stiffness of lead zirconate titanate is shown to vary by more than 30%, while damping increases by an order of magnitude. Experimental results are interpreted by the aid of a continuum-mechanics model that captures the nonlinear electro-mechanically coupled material response for the full electric hysteresis.
Changes in vegetation diversity caused by artificial recharge

Efforst to increase the rate of artificial recharge through basins often necessitates scrapping and ditching before and during operations. Such operations can result in more or less drastic changes in vegetation (depending on what was there before), characterized by diminisched numbers of species and lowered diversity. Two examples, one from Texas and one from the Netherlands are presented showing how similar treatments cause similar changes in two completely difference plant communities.
ALKALOIDS OF VINCA ROSEA LINN. (CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS G. DON). XXIV. VINASPINE, VINCATHICINE, ROVIDINE, DESACETYL VLB, AND VINAPHAMINE.

The continued phytochemical investigation of this pantropical plant has resulted in obtaining vinaspine and vinaphamine as free bases and vincathicine, rovidine, and desacetyl VLB as the sulfates. The total number of alkaloids obtained from this plant, utilizing selective extraction, column chromatography, and gradient pH techniques, is now 49.
Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Response to Pacific Tropical Instability Waves

Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are 1000-km-long waves that appear along the sea surface temperature (SST) front of the equatorial cold tongue in the eastern Pacific. The study investigates the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) response to TIW-induced SST variations using a high-resolution regional climate model. An investigation is made of the importance of pressure gradients induced by changes in air temperature and moisture, and vertical mixing, which is parameterized in the model by a 1.5-level turbulence closure scheme. Significant turbulent flux anomalies of sensible and latent heat are caused by changes in the air‐sea temperature and moisture differences induced by the TIWs. Horizontal advection leads to the occurrence of the air temperature and moisture extrema downwind of the SST extrema. High and low hydrostatic surface pressures are then located downwind of the cold and warm SST patches, respectively. The maximum and minimum wind speeds occur in phase with SST, and a thermally direct circulation is created. The momentum budget indicates that pressure gradient, vertical mixing, and horizontal advection dominate. In the PBL the vertical mixing acts as a frictional drag on the pressure-gradient-driven winds. Over warm SST the mixed layer deepens relative to over cold SST. The model simulations of the phase and amplitude of wind velocity, wind convergence, and column-integrated water vapor perturbations due to TIWs are similar to those observed from satellite and in situ data.
Velicity Methods: Lagrangian Numerical Methods which Preserve the Hamiltonian Structure of Incompressible Fluid Flow

We present a Lagrangian numerical method valid in any space dimension for approximating solutions to the Incompressible Euler Equation. The method is based on the canonical Hamiltonian formulation of incompressible flow. The method preserves at least three invariants of the flow: the kinetic energy, the impulse, and the angular momentum. We present numerical results which validate the method and elucidate the structure of the Hamiltonian variables in two and three dimensions.
The Role of Serotonin in the Cellular Physiological Effects of Cocaine

Serotonin has been widely recognized to mediate the psychopharmacology of numerous abused substances, including the stimulant cocaine. Cellular electrophysiological recording techniques are among the approaches used to facilitate the direct assessment of the interaction of cocaine with this neurotransmitter system. Utilizing bothin vivoandin vitropreparations of the dorsal raphe nucleus we have investigated a series of potent phenyltropane cocaine analogs, RTI-Cocaine 31 and RTI-Cocaine 32, and characterized their inhibitory interactions with serotonergic neurons. Additional studies with a cocaine metabolite, cocaethylene, are also described to illustrate new approaches currently being utilized in elucidating the effects of cocaine on identified serotonergic receptors in selective brain regions. These results are briefly discussed in light of the potential usefulness of serotonergic compounds in the development of new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of stimulant abuse.
Areawide water system planning in washington state

Coordinated water system planning in Washington State is being implemented successfully to manage statewide growth and development. The problems of the past water system arose due to lack of planning and coordination; these problems are described. The Public Water System Coordination Act (PWSCA) was passed by the state legislature to solve water system concerns through planning and coordination. PWSCA provisions, procedures and basic concepts are summarized. Finally, a study (which attempts to solve the major problems of the system through PWSCA implementation) is analyzed.
Primary care physicians’ willingness to disclose oncology errors involving multiple providers to patients

Background Full disclosure of harmful errors to patients, including a statement of regret, an explanation, acceptance of responsibility and commitment to prevent recurrences is the current standard for physicians in the USA. Objective To examine the extent to which primary care physicians’ perceptions of event-level, physician-level and organisation-level factors influence intent to disclose a medical error in challenging situations. Design Cross-sectional survey containing two hypothetical vignettes: (1) delayed diagnosis of breast cancer, and (2) care coordination breakdown causing a delayed response to patient symptoms. In both cases, multiple physicians shared responsibility for the error, and both involved oncology diagnoses. Setting The study was conducted in the context of the HMO Cancer Research Network Cancer Communication Research Center. Participants Primary care physicians from three integrated healthcare delivery systems located in Washington, Massachusetts and Georgia; responses from 297 participants were included in these analyses. Main measures The dependent variable intent to disclose included intent to provide an apology, an explanation, information about the cause and plans for preventing recurrences. Independent variables included event-level factors (responsibility for the event, perceived seriousness of the event, predictions about a lawsuit); physician-level factors (value of patient-centred communication, communication self-efficacy and feelings about practice); organisation-level factors included perceived support for communication and time constraints. Key results A majority of respondents would not fully disclose in either situation. The strongest predictors of disclosure were perceived personal responsibility, perceived seriousness of the event and perceived value of patient-centred communication. These variables were consistently associated with intent to disclose. Conclusion To make meaningful progress towards improving disclosure; physicians, risk managers, organisational leaders, professional organisations and accreditation bodies need to understand the factors which influence disclosure. Such an understanding is required to inform institutional policies and provider training.
High-dose influenza vaccine in older adults

Illnesses and infections that are easily surmounted by younger patients can take a disproportionate toll on older adults, defined as those aged 65 years and above. The common cold is an example of this phenomenon, which can last longer and lead to additional complications in this population.1 Influenza is a more deadly example, underscoring the importance of vaccination campaigns. Changes to innate immunity and immunosenescence during aging have been linked to the differential impact of influenza on older versus younger patients, even in those who have been vaccinated.1 The use of high-dose (HD) influenza vaccines has been promoted as a potential solution to overcome these challenges. Vaccine efficacy is assessed by means of antibody titer responses to vaccine antigens. Post-vaccination antibody production, as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition titers, is used to evaluate the relative protection provided by influenza vaccines.2-4 Though indirect, antibody levels strongly correlate to influenza vaccine effectiveness and are a widely accepted standard. From 1986 to 2002, 31 studies examining antibody response to the standard influenza vaccine found that older adults were two to four times less likely than younger adults to produce sufficient protection against influenza.2 Vaccine efficacy in a matched season among younger adults is estimated to be 70%e90%, compared with just 17%e53% in the elderly. Fluzone High-Dose, an HD trivalent influenza vaccine from Sanofi Pasteur, was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2009 for use in older adults. It contains 180 mg hemagglutinin (3 strains, 60 mg each)
Why Track Inefficiency

Benchmarks play an important role in assessing performance as a part of the investment process. Modern portfolio theory suggests that the benchmark of the true market portfolio on the efficient frontier is unknown. However, the S&P 500 Index is often used as a proxy for the U.S. domestic equity market portfolio. In this study, the authors examine the efficiency of the S&P 500.The results imply that more efficient subsets of the S&P 500 are easily constructed by randomly selecting stocks across industry sectors within the S&P 500. The implications of the study suggest portfolios consisting of fewer stocks equally weighted across industries are more efficient than the S&P 500 Index.
Bait-and-capture strategy of a termite-eating assassin bug

Salyavata variegata is a Reduviidae found on the carton nests ofNasutitermes corniger in Costa Rican rain forests. Nymphs capture termite workers at repair sites after attracting them into vulnerable positions with the empty carcasses of previous prey.
Structural and spectroscopic trends in a series of half-sandwich scorpionate complexes.

Fifteen half-sandwich scorpionate complexes [(L)M(NCMe)3](BF4)n (L = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane, TpmMe,Me, n = 2, 1M, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; L = tris(3-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)methane, TpmPh, n = 2, 2M, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; L = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [TpMe,Me]−, n = 1, 3M, M = Fe, Co, Ni; L = hydrotris(3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [TpPh,Me]−, n = 1, 4M, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) were prepared by addition of the tripodal ligands to solvated [M(NCMe)x]2+ (M = Mn, x = 4; M = Fe, Co, Ni, x = 6) precursor complexes. The product complexes were characterized by 1H NMR (except M = Mn), UV–vis–NIR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The structures of 2Mn, 2Ni, 3Fe, 3Co, and 4Fe were determined by X-ray crystallography. The data were consistent with complexes of high-spin divalent metal ions in idealized piano-stool geometries in all cases. Consequent lability of the acetonitrile ligands will enable use of these complexes as synthetic precursors and as catalysts. Comparison to previously reported struc...
How to Estimate Resilient Modulus for Unbound Aggregate Materials: A Theoretical Explanation of an Empirical Formula

To ensure the quality of pavement, it is important to make sure that the resilient moduli—that describe the stiffness of all the pavement layers—exceed a certain threshold. From the mechanical viewpoint, pavement is a non-linear medium. Several empirical formulas have been proposed to describe this non-linearity. In this paper, we describe a theoretical explanation for the most accurate of these empirical formulas.
Death Was No Enemy: A Note on Thomas Pynchon, Wilfred Owen, and The First World War

In his discussion of Gravity's Rainbow, Michael Seidel suggests that Pynchon uses the "interface" between the First and Second World Wars to demonstrate the radical shift in the world to "a new order that conspires to annihilate permanently what remains of humanity in the race" (204). In particular, Seidel, like Paul Fussell, points to Brigadier Pudding as Pynchon's prime exemplar of a decaying world order (Seidel 205-07; Fussell 328-34). I would like to note another way that Pynchon emphasizes the differences between the wars—especially how the Second World War represents the beginning of the bureaucratized and cartelized state. In discussing the differences between the wars, Pynchon makes an allusion to the sonnet "The Next War" by Wilfred Owen—perhaps the archetypal heroic poet of the First World War—and employs it to help show what has happened to heroism, human bonding, and love in the contemporary world.
Using distributional semantics in loanword research: A concept-based approach to quantifying semantic specificity of Anglicisms in Spanish:

Aims and objectives:This study aims to redress the paucity of research on the semantics of loanwords, by extending and empirically testing Backus’s ((2001). The role of semantic specificity in insertional codeswitching: Evidence from Dutch-Turkish. Jacobson, Rodolfo (Hg): Codeswitching Worldwide. Bd, 2, 125–154) Specificity Hypothesis – ‘Embedded language elements in code-switching have a high degree of semantic specificity’ (p. 128).Approach:Adopting a concept-based approach to examine loanwords in a large, reliable corpus, the study pursues the following question: Do loanwords have a high degree of semantic specificity relative to their receiving-language equivalents? Specificity is operationalized as an entropy measure of the target word’s environment, the assumption being that more specific words have less variety in their surrounding context.Data and analysis:To test this hypothesis, Anglicisms in a 24-million-word newspaper corpus of Argentine Spanish were processed in three stages: detecting loanwo...
Epidemiology of alcohol and medication as aids to sleep in early adulthood

Study objectives In a representative sample of adults 18-45 years of age, this study addressed three questions about the use of sleep aids in the general population: (1) what are the past-year prevalences of the use of alcohol, over-the-counter medication and prescription medication to facilitate sleep? (2) among those who use these substances for sleep problems, what are the patterns of use? and (3) are there social factors, independent of sleep characteristics, that increase the likelihood of alcohol and medication use to aid sleep? Design The 1996 Detroit Area Survey was a random-digit-dial, computer-assisted survey of a representative sample of 2,181 adults ages 18-45 in the Detroit primary metropolitan statistical area. Eligible household response rate was 86.8%. Results In the general population, use of alcohol and medication as sleep aids in the past year was found to be fairly common: 13% used alcohol, 18% used medications and 5% used both. The prevalence of any substance use to aid sleep was 26%. The duration of use was short for the majority of users, less than 1 week. However, duration of use was greater for the majority of those using prescription sleep aids. A substantial minority of users report regular use lasting longer than 1 month: 15%, 9%, and 36% for alcohol, OTC medications, and prescription medications, respectively. Both sociodemographic and sleep characteristics were associated with alcohol and medication use to aid sleep. Difficulty falling asleep was the factor most strongly associated with use of substances to improve sleep. Sex, race/ethnicity, work shift, marital status and education were also significantly associated with one or more types of sleep aid use adjusting for difficulty falling asleep.
Effects of two-temperature model on cascade evolution in Ni and NiFe

Abstract We perform molecular dynamics simulations of Ni ion cascades in Ni and equiatomic NiFe under the following conditions: (a) classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations without consideration of electronic energy loss, (b) classical MD simulations with the electronic stopping included, and (c) using the coupled two-temperature MD (2T-MD) model that incorporates both the electronic stopping and the electron-phonon interactions. Our results indicate that the electronic effects are more profound in the higher energy cascades and that the 2T-MD model results in a smaller amount of surviving damage and smaller defect clusters, while less damage is produced in NiFe than in Ni.
Deoxycorticosterone-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in rabbit cortical collecting ducts: effects of luminal chloride removal and in vivo acid loading

To assess the role of cortical collecting duct bicarbonate secretion in the regulation of net acid excretion, we have sought to identify what factors influence the secretion rate. Net and unidirectional bicarbonate fluxes were measured in isolated perfused cortical collecting ducts from deoxycorticosterone-treated rabbits. The collecting ducts secreted bicarbonate at 11-24 pmol X mm-1 X min-1, confirming the high rate seen in earlier studies. Oral acid loading (50 mM NH4Cl drinking water) completely inhibited the net bicarbonate secretion. The bath-to-lumen flux was markedly reduced with acid loading, but the lumen-to-bath flux changed very little. In tubules from rabbits treated with deoxycorticosterone (but not NH4Cl), luminal chloride replacement with either sulfate or gluconate completely and reversibly inhibited the net bicarbonate secretion. The bath-to-lumen flux was greatly inhibited, but there was little change in the lumen-to-bath flux. We conclude: 1) High rates of bicarbonate secretion can be induced in rabbit cortical collecting ducts by chronic treatment of the animals with deoxycorticosterone. 2) When deoxycorticosterone-treated rabbits were made acidotic by oral administration of NH4Cl, the bicarbonate secretion was prevented, indicating that the systemic acid-base state of the animal may be an important factor regulating bicarbonate secretion. 3) Replacement of chloride in the lumen with sulfate inhibits bicarbonate secretion in the cortical collecting duct, an effect which may explain in part the decrease in urinary pH in response to sulfate infusions in mineralocorticoid-stimulated animals.
Investigating the Consumption of Ethnically Disparate Products

Ethnic diversity of the U.S. population has continuously been increasing during the past decade. Accordingly, U.S. retailers have been communicating to specific ethnic groups by offering culturally accommodated products. However, recent market trend in the U.S. suggests that such products are appealing to consumers beyond its target ethnic group. That is, an increasing number of U.S. consumers are purchasing products that are ethnically disparate. Despite the above, no study to date has investigated the specific behavior as a separate and independent phenomenon, thus the drivers of the phenomenon is yet to be fully identified. The current study attempted to resolve the research gap by addressing the following research questions; what values do consumers seek when purchasing ethnically disparate products (EDPs)? and what are the antecedents of those values?
Luminescent cadmium coordination polymers synthesized from bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine and isophthalic acid derivatives

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of cadmium nitrate, 5-substituted isophthalic acid derivatives, and the long-spanning bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (4-bpmp) ligand afforded a series of crystalline coordination polymers whose topologies and mode of interpenetration depend critically on the nature of the 5-position substituent. {[Cd(mip)(4-bpmp)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (1, mip = 5-methylisophthalate) and {[Cd(nip)(4-bpmp)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (2, nip = 5-nitroisophthalate) both display (4,4) grid topologies. {[Cd4(hip)4(H2O)4(4-bpmpH)2](hip)·15H2O}n (3, hip = 5-hydroxyisophthalate) also manifests a (4,4) grid topology, but is based on {Cd2O2} and {Cd2(OCO)2} dimeric units. [Cd(meoip)(4-bpmp)]n (4, meoip = 5-methoxyisophthalate) shows a (4,4) grid topology based only on {Cd2(OCO)2} dimeric units. {[Cd9(meoip)10(4-bpmpH)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n (5) displays a complex 3D coordination polymer net comprised of trimer-based [Cd6(meoip)6]n layers linked by meoip ligands to trimer-based [Cd3(meoip)3(H2O)(4-bpmpH)2]n layers. {[Cd2(aip)2(4-bpmpH)(H2O)2](NO3)·5H2O}n (6, aip = 5-aminoisophthalate) shows 3,4-connected slab motifs with (63)(66) topology. {[Cd2(tbuip)2(4-bpmp)3]·8H2O}n (7, tbuip = 5-tert-butylisophthalate) exhibits 5-connected slabs with 4862 topology, that engage in parallel 2D + 2D → 3D interpenetration. {[Cd3(btc)2(H2O)8(4-bpmp)]·6H2O}n (8, btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) displays 1D [Cd3(btc)2(H2O)8]n ribbons pillared by 4-bpmp ligands into 2D (6,3) hexagonal nets. {[Cd2Cl4(4-bpmp)3(H2O)2]·4-bpmp·H2O}n (9), prepared from cadmium chloride, 4-bpmp, and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid. This shows 1D neutral {[Cd2Cl4(4-bpmp)3(H2O)2]n ladder motifs that interlock and interpenetrate in a 1D + 1D → 3D manner. Luminescent behavior in the cadmium complexes is ascribed to intra-ligand molecular orbital transitions. The new phases were also surveyed for the ability to detect nitrobenzene in ethanol suspension.
Correcting honest pervasive errors in the scientific literature: Retractions without stigma

In the June 6 issue of Neurology ®, we published a retraction of an article,1 a replacement article,2 and a copy of the original published version of the article with the changes highlighted. We had been alerted by a reader's submission to our WriteClick® Rapid Online Correspondence section that the authors had misdiagnosed a medical condition.3,4 Conversations with the authors revealed that the use of an erroneous term for the diagnosis was an honest mistake caused by an error in translation from another language. Issuing a retraction and a replacement version were vitally important to prevent misinforming readers and to correct the literature.
Benchmarking Total Quality Management: Programs in Engineering Colleges

Benchmarking, as a tool to achieve improvement in operations and customer satisfaction, is a widely adopted practice in industry. Benchmarking should be an integral part of total quality management...
Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Using Non-First-Degree Related Donors

Abstract Outcomes of nonmyeloablative (NMA) haploidentical (haplo) blood or marrow transplant (BMT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) using non–first-degree relatives are unknown. We evaluated 33 consecutive adult patients (median age, 56 years) with hematologic malignancies who underwent NMA haplo T cell–replete BMT with PTCy at Johns Hopkins using second- or third-degree related donors. Donors consisted of 10 nieces (30%), 9 nephews (27%), 7 first cousins (21%), 5 grandchildren (15%), and 2 uncles (6%). Thirty-one patients (94%) reached full donor chimerism by day 60. The estimated cumulative incidence (CuI) of grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) at day 180 was 24% (90% confidence interval [CI], 9% to 38%). Only 1 patient experienced grades III to IV aGVHD. At 1 year the CuI of chronic GVHD was 10% (90% CI, 0% to 21%). The CuI of nonrelapse mortality at 1 year was 5% (90% CI, 0% to 14%). At 1 year the probability of relapse was 31% (90% CI, 12% to 49%), progression-free survival 64% (90% CI, 48% to 86%), and overall survival 95% (90% CI, 87% to 100%). The 1-year probability of GVHD-free, relapse-free survival was 57% (90% CI, 41% to 79%). NMA haplo BMT with PTCy from non–first-degree relatives is an acceptably safe and effective alternative donor platform, with results similar to those seen with first-degree relatives.
Growing older with drug-resistant epilepsy: cognitive and psychosocial outcomes

We aimed to investigate the cognitive and psychosocial outcomes of patients older than 50 with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy as compared to a younger cohort. One hundred and thirty-one patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (47% age ≥ 50) who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing were retrospectively identified. A comparison of percentage of Z scores < − 1.5 between the older and younger cohort on Trail Making Tests A and B, Boston Naming Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) delayed recall, and Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test delayed recall was performed as well as the presence of disability due to epilepsy and depression scores. Grading of white matter hyperintensities on MRI was also performed. Older patients with epilepsy were more likely to score Z < − 1.5 on the RAVLT (54.1 vs 32.8%) and were more likely to be on disability due to their seizures (23.0 vs 5.7%). A higher grade of white matter hyperintensities correlated with worse performance on Trail Making Test A, while a higher number of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) correlated with worse performance on Trail Making Test B regardless of age. The results of this study reveal that older patients with drug-resistant epilepsy are a vulnerable population with an impaired cognitive profile. In addition, limiting the number of AEDs and addressing markers of small vessel disease should also be prioritized by clinicians.
Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry

The recent rise in virus-like particles (VLPs) in biomedical and materials research can be attributed to their ease of biosynthesis, discrete size, genetic programmability, and biodegradability. While they're highly amenable to bioconjugation reactions for adding synthetic ligands onto their surface, the range in bioconjugation methodologies on these aqueous born capsids is relatively limited. To facilitate the direction of functional biomaterials research, non-traditional bioconjugation reactions must be considered. The reaction described in this protocol uses dibromomaleimides to introduce new functionality in the solvent exposed disulfide bonds of a VLP based upon Bacteriophage Qβ. Furthermore, the final product is fluorescent, which has the added benefit of generating a trackable in vitro probe using a commercially available filter set.
Trauma Technical Skill and Management Exposure for Junior Surgical Residents - The "SAVE Lab 1.0".

OBJECTIVE The “Surgery for Abdomino-thoracic ViolencE (SAVE)” animate lab engages surgical residents in the management of complex penetrating injuries. We hypothesized that residents will improve their understanding of the management of trauma patients and will perform skills that they have not previously performed in training. DESIGN Pre- and postlab assessments were reviewed from surgical residents participating in the SAVE lab over 2 years (2017-2018). Residents of varying levels were grouped and reviewed “real-life” trauma scenarios with supplemental imaging. Seniors were tasked with creating injuries while juniors performed as primary surgeons under supervision. Each successive scenario increased in difficulty, from hollow viscus injury and solid organ disruption, to great vessel and cardiac injuries with the goal to “SAVE” the patient. Assessments included a pre- and postlab multiple-choice questionnaire of trauma management knowledge and a survey of completed technical skills. SETTING Academic General Surgery residency program. PARTICIPANTS General, Vascular, Urology, and Plastic Surgery PGY1 to PGY5 residents. RESULTS One hundred and nineteen residents participated in the SAVE lab in 2017 and 2018. PGY1 to PGY4 residents showed significant improvement in knowledge of trauma management on matched pre- and postlab assessments. The most significant improvement was seen in the PGY1 and PGY2 residents, with scores increasing by 21% (p CONCLUSIONS The SAVE lab was effective in increasing junior surgical residents’ technical skills as well as fund of knowledge related to complex trauma care. While seniors had previously performed most of these skills as reflected in their assessments, the SAVE lab provided a way for them to assume the role of team leader, guiding management of complex, and high acuity situations. Future endeavors include teamwork and leadership skills’ assessment through the SAVE lab.
Structure-property relationship in layered BaM n 2 S b 2 and B a 2 M n 3 S b 2 O 2

Layered transition-metal compounds have received great attention owing to their physical properties. Here, we present the structural, electronic, thermal, and magnetic properties of $\mathrm{BaM}{\mathrm{n}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ single crystals, both with the layered structure analogous to high-temperature Cu- and Fe-based superconductors. While the Mn moment in the $\mathrm{MnS}{\mathrm{b}}_{4}$ tetrahedral environment forms a long-range $G$-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering in both $\mathrm{BaM}{\mathrm{n}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}$ (${T}_{\mathrm{N}1}\ensuremath{\approx}443\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$) and $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ (${T}_{\mathrm{N}1}\ensuremath{\approx}314\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$), a short-range AFM order is found in the intercalated $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layer at a much lower temperature $({T}_{\mathrm{N}2}\ensuremath{\approx}60\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ coexisting with long-range $G$-type order in $\mathrm{MnS}{\mathrm{b}}_{4}$ layer in $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The directions of the ordered moments in these two magnetic sublattices of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are perpendicular to each other, even though the system is electrically conductive. The $G$-type AFM order in $\mathrm{MnS}{\mathrm{b}}_{4}$ layers in both compounds is distinct from the stripe-like order in Fe-based superconductors, but the in-plane magnetic structure in $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is found to be similar to that in the cuprates. Our study reveals the significant and distinct roles of the $\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$- and $\mathrm{FeA}{\mathrm{s}}_{4}$-type transition metal layers in the structure and their magnetic and electronic properties.
Descriptive comparison of hospital formulary decisions with published oncology valuation methods.

Introduction As cost of cancer therapy continues to increase, several organizations have developed rubrics to ascertain treatment. No studies have evaluated these methods for hospital formulary dec...
Elementary Physical Educators: Take a Bite of the Skill Themes Approach Carrot!

The purpose of this editorial is to advocate and explain the benefits and challenges of teaching using the skill themes approach.
The quest for improving the management of breast cancer by functional imaging: The discovery and development of 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES), a PET radiotracer for the estrogen receptor, a historical review.

Abstract Introduction 16α-[18F]Fluoroestradiol (FES), a PET radiotracer for the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer, was the first receptor-targeted PET radiotracer for oncology and is continuing to prove its value in clinical research, antiestrogen development, and breast cancer care. The story of its conception, design, evaluation and use in clinical studies parallels the evolution of the whole field of receptor-targeted radiotracers, one greatly influenced by the research and intellectual contributions of William C. Eckelman. Methods and results The development of methods for efficient production of fluorine-18, for conversion of [18F]fluoride ion into chemically reactive form, and for its rapid and efficient incorporation into suitable estrogen precursor molecules at high molar activity, were all methodological underpinnings required for the preparation of FES. FES binds to ER with very high affinity, and its in vivo uptake by ER-dependent target tissues in animal models was efficient and selective, findings that preceded its use for PET imaging in patients with breast cancer. Advances in knowledge and implications for patient care Comparisons between ER levels measured by FES-PET imaging of breast tumors with tissue-specimen ER quantification by IHC and other methods show that imaging provided improved prediction of benefit from endocrine therapies. Serial imaging of ER by FES-PET, before and after dosing patients with antiestrogens, is used to determine the efficacious dose for established antiestrogens and to facilitate clinical development of new ER antagonists. Beyond FES imaging, PET-based hormone challenge tests, which evaluate the functional status of ER by monitoring rapid changes in tumor metabolic or transcriptional activity after a brief estrogen challenge, provide highly sensitive and selective predictions of whether or not there will be a favorable response to endocrine therapies. There is sufficient interest in the clinical applications of FES that FDA approval is being sought for its wider use in breast cancer. Conclusions FES was the first PET probe for a receptor in cancer, and its development and clinical applications in breast cancer parallel the conceptual evolution of the whole field of receptor-binding radiotracers.
Effects of intention in the imitation of sung and spoken pitch

Pitch content is an important component of song and speech. Previous studies have shown a pronounced advantage for imitation of sung pitch over spoken pitch. However, it is not clear to what extent matching of pitch in production depends on one’s intention to imitate pitch. We measured the effects of intention to imitate on matching of produced pitch in both vocal domains. Participants imitated pitch content in speech and song stimuli intentionally (“imitate the pitch”) and incidentally (“repeat the words”). Our results suggest that the song advantage exists independently of whether participants explicitly intend to imitate pitch. This result supports the notion that the song advantage reflects pitch salience in the stimulus. On the other hand, participants were more effective at suppressing the imitation of pitch for song than for speech. This second result suggests that it is easier to dissociate phonetic content from pitch in the context of song than in speech. Analyses of individual differences showed that intention to imitate pitch had larger effects for individuals who tended to match pitch overall in production, independent of intentions. Taken together, the results help to illuminate the psychological processes underlying intentional and automatic vocal imitation processes.
Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes After Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy for the Treatment of Patella Alta: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background:Patella alta is a known risk factor for patellar instability and, in the setting of recurrent patellar instability with significant patella alta, correction of patellar height with a tib...
The English referencing behaviors of first- and second-grade Spanish–English emergent bilinguals in oral narrative retells

This study investigated differences in the English referencing behaviors in the context of oral narrative retell between typically developing first- and second-grade Spanish–English emergent bilingual children in dual language immersion and English-only instructional contexts (N = 105). Children heard and retold Mercer Mayer wordless picture books, and analyses were conducted to examine how they used nominals and pronominals to maintain and switch reference to potential thematic protagonists in the story. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant grade-level differences in the proportion of pronominals used to switch and maintain reference to BOY/S (boy and dog or frog), as well as to switch to BOY. In contrast, instructional context differences were significant only for reference to the DOG or FROG. The finding that second graders in both dual language immersion and English-only programs continued to demonstrate an overreliance on pronominal forms to switch reference in a second language suggests that differences in literacy and oral language development may extend beyond the grades that we investigated. It is therefore important to continue investigating the referencing behaviors of emergent bilingual children throughout the elementary years of schooling.
Infusing Culture in Compartmental Epidemic Models

There has been a recent surge of interest in modeling and forecasting epidemic outbreaks. Human behavior plays a key role in disease transmission and prevention. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to model the effects of changes in human behavior by infusing socio-cultural factors within compartmentalized epidemic models. In particular, we have identified risk perception beliefs as critical epidemic related socio-cultural factors. We evaluated our model using the 2009 H1N1 epidemic scenario in Mexico and a preliminary COVID-19 scenario in the US. Our results show that including cultural information from even a sparse, small subset of events provides a significant improvement in prediction accuracy and explanatory capabilities.
Exposure to microgravity environment may induce genomic instability

4313 Several pathophysiological changes associated with long-term space flight have been reported. Reduction in the DNA repair capacity resulting into genomic instability and its association with various human diseases has also been reported. The effect of simulated microgravity on the DNA damage resulting into genomic instability is not clear. The objective of this study was to test whether simulated microgravity conditions affects the expression of DNA repair genes. To achieve this objective the human T-lymphocyte cells were grown for 72 hours in a NASA-developed Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) bioreactor that simulates a microgravity condition. In parallel, cells were also grown in normal gravity condition in culture flasks. The cells were harvested at a 72 hour time point and RNA was isolated. To examine the effect of microgravity on the expression of DNA repair genes, a real-time PCR based human DNA damage pathway focused gene array expression profiling was performed. The result of this study revealed more than 2-fold decreased expression of 6 genes (ATRX, GADD45G, IHPK3, RAD18, TP53, and XPC). The expressions of another 4 genes (DDIT3, MAPK12, NTHL1, and TP73) were more then 2-fold up regulated. Theses genes are crucial for the maintenance of genomic stability of the cells. Therefore, the finding of this study suggests that microgravity condition can induce alterations in the expression of these DNA repair genes. The alteration in DNA repair systems by microgravity condition may make the cells vulnerable to genomic instability and ultimately result in associated diseases.
Polynomials with laguerre weights in Lp

For each p (0 < p ≤ ∞), s ≥ 0, and integer m ≥ 1 we consider the extremal problem $$E_{s,m,p} : = \inf \left\{ {\left\| {t^s e^{ - t} \left( {t^m - q_{m - 1} \left( t \right)} \right)} \right\|_L p:q_{m - 1} \in p_{m - 1} } \right\},$$ where the Lp-norm is taken over [0, ∞) and pm−1 is the collection of polynomials of degree at most m−1. The asymptotic behavior of Es,m,p as n:=s+m → ∞ and s/n → ϑ is determined along with the zero distribution for the associated Chebyshev polynomials. The paper includes the proofs of results announced in [7].
Marketing and Mass Transit-Meeting the Challenge

Many mass transit firms have switched from private to public ownership as a result of being trapped in the vicious cycle fueled by increasing operating costs, fare hikes, reduced ridership, poor image, and service cutback. During the last decade, several public authorities have attempted to reverse this cycle by incorporating proven marketing techniques such as marketing research, market segmentation, and promotion. Unfortunately, a review of the literature indicates that transit marketing is still in its infancy. Despite the passage of years, transit marketing remains an enigma within the transit industry. However, it is encouraging that a growing number of public transit authorities are implementing marketing strategy into overall management of their establishments.
Comparison Versus Contrast: Task Specifics Affect Category Acquisition

A large literature has documented that comparison and contrast lead to better performance in a variety of tasks. However, studies of comparison and contrast present contradictory conclusions as to when and how these processes benefit learners. Across four studies, we examined how the specifics of the comparison and contrast task affect performance by systematically manipulating the feature variation and category structure in a category extension task performed by 3-year-old and 4-year-old children. Studies 1 (n = 48, M = 42.6 months) and 2 (n = 48, M = 42. 4 months) investigated comparison and contrast with high-density categories. Studies 3A (n = 60, M = 43.47 months), 3B (n = 48, M = 53. 2 months) and 4 (n = 48, M = 53.7 months) investigated comparison and contrast with low-density categories. Results indicated both category structure and feature variation affect the efficacy of comparison and contrast. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseball's Moral Hazard: Law, Economics and the Designated Hitter Rule

No subject prompts greater disagreement among baseball fans than the designated hitter rule, which allows teams to designate a player to hit for the pitcher. The rule increases the number of hit batsmen, and some have suggested this effect is a result of “moral hazard,” which recognizes that persons insured against risk are more likely to engage in dangerous behavior. Because American League pitchers do not bat, they allegedly are not deterred by the full cost of making risky, inside pitches - namely, retribution during their next at bat. Using a law-and-economics approach, this Article concludes that the designated hitter rule creates some moral hazard, but finds that recent structural changes to the game have largely overshadowed this effect. Moreover, the benefits of the rule - including increased offense and attendance - likely outweigh its costs in the American League. This is not necessarily true in the National League, however, due to differences in fan preferences. Thus, the current hybrid system (in which the American League allows designated hitters while the National League does not) best effectuates these fan preferences, maximizing social welfare.