cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WE‐FG‐201‐01: Patient Centric Technologies for Diagnosis of Breast and Cervical Cancer

Many low- and middle-income countries lack the resources and services to manage cancer, from screening and diagnosis to radiation therapy planning, treatment and quality assurance. The challenges in upgrading or introducing the needed services are enormous, and include severe shortages in equipment and trained staff. In this symposium, we will describe examples of technology and scientific research that have the potential to impact all these areas. These include: (1) the development of high-quality/low-cost colposcopes for cervical cancer screening, (2) the application of automated radiotherapy treatment planning to reduce staffing shortages, (3) the development of a novel radiotherapy treatment unit, and (4) utilizing a cloud-based infrastructure to facilitate collaboration and QA. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand some of the issues in cancer care in low- resource environments, including shortages in staff and equipment, and inadequate physical infrastructure for advanced radiotherapy. 2.Understand the challenges in developing and deploying diagnostic and treatment devices and services for low-resource environments. 3.Understand some of the emerging technological solutions for cancer management in LMICs. NCI; L. Court, NIH, Varian, Elekta; I. Feain, Ilana Feain is founder and CTO of Nano-X Pty Ltd
Negotiating Therapeutic Legitimacy

Complementary and alternative medicines exist in a paradoxical position of concurrent institutional marginality and cultural congruence. The cultural congruence of the holistic health field, as I have argued throughout the preceding chapters, pertains to the ways in which the discourse of wellbeing reproduces prominent values around selfhood and subjectivity. Ideas of health and illness, the self and the body captured in the discourse of wellbeing make sense to many people; these ideas appear natural and normal, and desirable. They make particularly strong sense to people whose sense of the self is shaped in relation to values such authenticity and self-fulfilment, often entwined with class-based dispositions. The discourse of wellbeing, simultaneously, contains an implicit challenge to traditional ascriptions of femininity, indicating why these practices are meaningful to so many women.
Shell form and the ecological range of living and extinct Arcoida

Arcoid bivalves occupy an intermediate position, in terms both of morphology and of adaptive range between the Pterioida and the Veneroida. The range and limits of arcoid adaptations are related to the growth patterns of their shells. Both the arcoid hinge and ligament grow by the serial repetition of simple structures, in contrast with the development of more specialized, complex structures in other groups. These simple growth patterns place signifi- cant mechanical constraints on the range of possible shell forms. Most arcoids live in moderately unstable environments, where they are liable to be excavated or detached from their substrates. Many employ recovery strategies, being adapted to regain their life positions. However, a variety of specialized forms, convergent on other groups of bivalves, have become adapted to avoid being dislodged in the first place. Thus, intrinsic growth patterns and substrate relation- ships have been the major factors in the evolution of the Arcoida.
An Improved Series Representation of Doppler-Broadened Resonance Absorption

An improvement made in a series representation of the J(θ, β) integral for Doppler broadening increases accuracy. The improvement consists of redefining the θ parameter so that the approximate Dopp...
The quality field of view of a discovery 530c

The quality field of view (QFOV) of a GE Healthcare Discovery NM 530c cardiac single-photon emission computed tomograph (D530c) is the volume representing the intersection of the 19 conic volumes defined by the system's 19 pinhole/detectorarray pairs. Here are reported phantom experiments conducted to investigate and characterize aspects of the D530c QFOV.
PATIENT WITH HAEMOPHILIA IN SLOVENIA: FROM 1967 TO NOW

The comprehensive management of patients with rare diseases, such as hemophilia and other bleeding disorders, must be organized with extreme care and systematically. Treatment of bleedings, their common consequences and complications as well as the enforcement of basic prevention maeasures can be very costly. However, the subsequent consequences of improper and inadequately organized treatment are much higher. Besides its negative medical impact on the patient himself, the harm for the patient's family and the society as a whole can be substantial and severe. Today, with proper treatment the patient with hemophilia or other bleeding disorders can lead a completely normal and creative way of life.
Homelessness: Prevention in the United States

In thinking about homelessness prevention and in creating prevention policies, it is useful to distinguish between two different aspects of the problem: who becomes homeless and the rate of homelessness. We explain how two different kinds of prevention, individual and structural, aim at these different aspects, and review other ways of thinking about homelessness prevention. We then use a commonly made distinction between universalist and particularist public policies to describe how individual and structural preventions get translated into policies and programmes, show how these other ways of thinking about prevention relate to individual and structural prevention, and conceptually categorise past and current initiatives in the United States that are aimed expressly or indirectly at preventing homelessness.
Empire, Deep Solidarity, and the Future of Liberation Theology*

In recent years the term empire has been used to describe an oppressive global situation. Empires are marked by their efforts to control all of life, not only politics and economics, but also society, culture, and religion. Since their inception, liberation theologies have addressed this oppressive global situation by focusing on its various manifestations in terms of race, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexuality, and class. As the oppressive global situation tightens and contemporary liberation movements increasingly bring together its various manifestations, liberation theologies need to devise common strategies and models for resistance without abandoning their diverse legacies.
Chapter 4 – Behavioral Ecology

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of work investigating the roles of memory, perception, and species differences in foraging and the areas of behavioral ecology other than foraging. Behavioral ecology studies the organism's fitness as a function of the variables in its environment. Some of the areas addressed by behavioral ecologists include foraging , territoriality, mate selection, kin recognition, weaning decisions, and thermoregulation. The area that has received by far the most attention from researchers with a behavior-analytic background is foraging. Behavioral ecologists are attracted to behaviour–analytic methodology because this methodology promises to provide the ecologists with sharper tools to test more precisely their predictions, especially about decisions of foragers. To better test some of their theoretical predictions, however, behavioral ecologists have increasingly conducted laboratory simulations of the natural environment. Behavior analysts and behavioral ecologists have participated in many interdisciplinary efforts. Many of the interactions between behavioral ecologists and behavior analysts have concerned the economic and temporal factors that influence foraging.
First-principles investigation of competing magnetic interactions in ( Mn , Fe ) Ru 2 Sn Heusler solid solutions

Many Heusler compounds possess magnetic properties well suited for applications as spintronic materials. The pseudobinary ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$, formed as a solid solution of two full Heuslers, has recently been shown to exhibit exchange hardening suggestive of two magnetic phases, despite existing as a single chemical phase. We have performed a first-principles study of the chemical and magnetic degrees of freedom in the ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ pseudobinary to determine the origin of the unique magnetic behavior responsible for exchange hardening within a single phase. We find a transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) behavior upon replacement of Mn with Fe, consistent with experimental results. The lowest energy orderings in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ consist of chemically and magnetically uniform (111) planes, with Fe-rich regions preferring FM ordering and Mn-rich regions preferring AFM ordering, independent of the overall composition. Analysis of the electronic structure suggests that the magnetic behavior of this alloy arises from a competition between AFM-favoring Sn-mediated superexchange and FM-favoring RKKY exchange mediated by spin-polarized conduction electrons. Changes in valency upon replacement of Mn with Fe shifts the balance from superexchange-dominated interactions to RKKY-dominated interactions.
Roadmap einer nachhaltigen Digitalisierung

Digitalisierungsinitiativen setzen als Querschnittsthema beim Geschaftsmodell eines Unternehmens an und beeinflussen alle wesentlichen Geschaftsprozesse. Insofern ist eine umfassende Digitalisierungs-Roadmap nicht isoliert zu etablieren, sondern als integraler Bestandteil eines langfristigen unternehmensweiten strategischen Planungsprozesses zu entwickeln. Hierzu wird ein ganzheitliches Framework zur Strukturierung der digitalen Transformation entwickelt, das vier Fokusbereiche und zwei Querschnittsthemen umfasst. Fur jedes Fokusthema werden in diesem Kapitel die erforderlichen Schritte zur Umsetzung vertieft. Beispielsweise wird ein Losungskonzept fur eine Integrationsplattform als Basis fur Connected Services und neue digitale Produkte vorgestellt und der Losungsansatz auch fur innerbetriebliche Plattformen fur Finanz-, Einkauf und Personalservices weiterentwickelt. Prototypfreie Entwicklung und Industrie 4.0 sind weitere Schwerpunktthemen, die strukturiert anzugehen sind.
Development of Modular Design System for CNC Machine Tools

In today’s rapidly changing market demand and product mass customization environment, modular design is one of the important technical methods to realize rapid product processing. Elaborating the basic idea of modular design, this paper determined the framework of modular design system, developed the modular design system for CNC machine tools based on VB2005, and embedded it into Pro/Engineer Wildfire 5.0.
The Journey of Our Life: Dante as a Spiritual Theologian of Grace:

This essay is an examination of Dante Alighieri as a spiritual theologian of grace. Using Cantos 9 and 29–30 of the Purgatorio the essay shows that Dante constructs his other-worldly journey as one that is grace-filled and dependent on the grace bestowed through the church's sacraments, in concert with Thomas Aquinas’ theology of grace. Further, in light of the creation of the Feast of Corpus Christi in the thirteenth century, the essay offers a unique interpretation of the figure of Beatrice, showing that she, at least within the context of Purgatorio 29–30, is divine grace.
Introduction to Calculus and Classical Analysis. By Omar Hijab/Introduction to Mathematical Structures and Proofs. By Larry J. Gerstein

(1998). Introduction to Calculus and Classical Analysis. By Omar Hijab/Introduction to Mathematical Structures and Proofs. By Larry J. Gerstein. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 105, No. 7, pp. 677-682.
Affective Tutors: Automatic Detection of and Response to Student Emotion

This chapter describes the automatic recognition of and response to human emotion within intelligent tutors. Tutors can recognize student emotion with more than 80%accuracy compared to student self-reports, using wireless sensors that provide data about posture, movement, grip tension, facially expressed mental states and arousal. Pedagogical agents have been used that provide emotional or motivational feedback. Students using such agents increased their math value, self-concept and mastery orientation, with females reporting more confidence and less frustration. Low-achieving students—one third of whom have learning disabilities—report higher affective needs than their higher-achieving peers. After interacting with affective pedagogical agents, low-achieving students improved their affective outcomes and reported reduced frustration and anxiety.
Faith Versus Reason: The Rhetorical Form and Content of Galileo’s Dialogue

The Dialogue is written in the form of a Dialogue among three characters and contains numerous indirect references to a fourth person, a Lyncean Academician, common friend of the interlocutors, who may be identified with Galileo himself. Moreover, the book is full of passages containing disclaimers by the supposedly Copernican spokesman, Salviati, to the effect that his Copernican beliefs are not necessarily as strong as they may appear when he is involved in the discussion, so that he really ought to be regarded as being a good actor who is wearing a Copernican mask. Other passages continuously remind the reader that the aim of the discussion is not to decide the Copernican issue one way or the other, but rather to present all the arguments for and against, so that people in a position of authority, who are entitled to make such decisions, can do so intelligently. The Dialogue is also full of emotionally charged passages, where various persons, books, and ideas are criticized not dispassionately but rather with ridicule, scorn, and con-tempt. In other passages the interlocutors play tricks on each other, trying to trap one another into saying something so that they can win the argument; such trickery is complicated by the fact that these maneuvers are usually exposed in the course of the discussion and by the fact that they are (at least apparently) perpetrated almost always at the expense of the Peripatetic spokesman, Simplicio. These and other similar features, all of which are rather obvious even to a casual reader of the Dialogue, may be labeled ‘rhetorical’. The specialist in Geisteswissenschaften will be interested in such rhetorical matters merely because they exist, and he will try to understand their nature, how they function, how they relate to other verbal and mental processes, and to other human activities, etc.
Recent Advances in Body Fuel Metabolism

The major fuels involved in body metabolism are carbohydrate, fat (including ketones), and amino acids. In this review, we focus on recent studies that deal with the regulation of fuel production and utilization. Hormonal interactions, particularly as they relate to diabetes mellitus, are discussed. In addition, the effects of exercise on fuel homeostasis and insulin metabolism are reviewed.
High Resolution Imaging of Filtered Ultrasonic Echo Responses

Several years ago we developed a high resolution ultrasonic B-scanner for general purpose diagnosis, but specifically oriented for use in ophthalmology.1 In the special case of ophthalmology, high resolution is necessary because of the small size of the eye and the amount of detail required for the diagnosis. High axial resolution (.3mm) was achieved through the use of wideband transducers operating at a nominal frequency of 10MHz. Adequate lateral resolution (approximately 1mm) resulted through the use of focused ultrasonic beams.
Lyapunov Functions for Uncertain Systems

This paper considers two problems. The first involves polytopes of matrices whose charecteristic polynomials also lie in a polytopic set (e.g. companion matrices). We show that this set is Hurwitz or Schur invariant iff there exist multiaffinely parameterized positive definite, Lyapunov matrices which solve an augmented Lyapunov equation. The second result concerns uncertain transfer functions with fixed denominator and numerator belonging to a polytopic set. We show all members of this set are Strictly positive real iff the Lyapunov matrices solving the equations featuring the Kalman-Popov Lemma are multiaffinely parameterized.
Neurocomputational Emergentism as a Framework for Language Development

Abstract Neurocomputational Emergentism (Neuroemergentism) is a new framework that provides explanation for the nonlinear dynamics that occur across development. Recent findings in the literature are consistent with the view that the brain involves emergent properties in which processing at a small scale is dynamically aggregated to produce more complex cognition. In this piece, a link is made between Emergentism at the cognitive level with that observed at the neural level. Language development in bilinguals and multilinguals, which shows many nonlinearities, is discussed in light of Neuroemergentism. These results are discussed with regard to reductionism and the importance of sensorimotor processing during early development. The piece ends by considering a model in which reward-based learning systems, declarative memory and sensorimotor processing contribute to language development.
Frequent Modulation of the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP) by Chemical Exposure in the Livers of Rats.

Abstract Inappropriate activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To link chemical exposure to SREBP activity, a previously characterized gene expression biomarker [26] was used to identify microarray comparisons from rat liver that exhibited significant positive or negative correlation to the biomarker using the Running Fisher test. The effects of 620 chemicals on SREBP activity were examined across 9305 chemical-dose-time microarray comparisons. SREBP was found to be frequently modulated by chemical exposure with 54% of the chemicals affecting SREBP activity. Activators included inhibitors of cholesterogenesis that act to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (statins) or inhibit Cyp51 (conazoles). Most chemical effects were transient, lasting usually no more than 2–4 days. Modulation of SREBP in most cases led to coordinated increases or decreases in lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes. However, 570 chemical exposure conditions were identified in which regulation was uncoupled. Most of these conditions affected cholesterogenic genes in the absence of parallel effects on lipogenic genes. Together, these findings show that SREBP is a frequent target of chemical exposure and expression of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes can be uncoupled.
The Value of Residential Community Associations: Evidence from South Carolina

This empirical study uses a hedonic pricing model and a dataset of Spartanburg, South Carolina homes from 2002 to 2005 to evaluate the effect of Residential Community Associations (RCAs). Spartanburg is focused on due to data availability. The number of RCAs have exploded in the United States in recent decades. Given that RCAs both supplement and complement local government provision of goods and services, it is an important policy question to ascertain whether they create value for their residents. While the literature on RCAs has generally shown that they increase property values, the lack of comprehensive data has led scholars to primarily focus on Virginia and Florida. Given the heterogeneity of state laws governing RCAs and the diversity of local government amenities, the external validity of these results is in question. This study used data on a mid-sized city in South Carolina to provide further evidence on RCAs. The findings suggest that RCAs increase property values by 2.2%. These results are much smaller than estimates from other locations, suggesting that for many people in Spartanburg, local governments are a good substitute. The findings also highlight how failure to properly control for structure age can lead to incorrect inferences about the impact of RCAs on home prices.
Quantification of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children with Obesity

ABSTRACTPurposeWithout consideration for the effects of fat mass, there could be an underestimation of cardiorespiratory fitness in children with obesity leading to a clinical diagnosis of deconditioning and resulting in unrealistic training goals and limitation of physical activities. The purpose o
The Feasibility and Effectiveness of Mindful Yoga for Preschoolers Exposed to High Levels of Trauma

Although mindfulness-based interventions with children have been increasingly used as a strategy to promote social-emotional learning, the exploration of these practices among preschoolers in limited. This pilot study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of an 8-week mindful yoga program for preschoolers living in communities with high levels of trauma. Of particular interest was whether participation in the intervention was associated with gains in children’s self-regulation of attention and behavior. A related objective was to examine the acceptability and need for trauma-informed professional development for teaching staff. Five classrooms (n = 89 children) were randomly assigned to the intervention and control conditions; three classrooms participated during the fall and two classrooms served as wait-list controls who received the intervention in the spring. Analyses revealed significant increases in children’s behavioral and attention regulation during the time that they participated in the intervention. An unexpected potentially influential finding was the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress among staff; the majority of staff experienced were above the threshold for civilian PTSD. Mindful yoga may be a promising strategy to promote behavioral regulation and attention regulation among economically disadvantaged preschoolers. Staff may also benefit from trauma-informed practices given their high rate of exposure to traumatic events and above-average levels of PTSD.
An Inductive Risk Account of the Ethics of Belief

From what norms does the ethics of belief derive its virtues and vices, its permissions and censures? Since pragmatists understand epistemology as the theory of inquiry, the paper will try to explain what the aims and tasks are for an ethics of belief, or project of guidance, which best fits with this understanding of epistemology. It will support it with the work of William James and several contemporary pragmatists. This paper approaches the ethics of belief from a focus on responsible risk management, where doxastic responsibility is understood in terms of the degree of riskiness of agents’ doxastic strategies, which is in turn most objectively measured through accordance or violation of inductive norms. Doxastic responsibility is attributable to agents on the basis of how epistemically risky was the process or strategies of inquiry salient in the etiology of their belief or in their maintenance of a belief already held. Treating the “doxastic strategies” of individual and collective agents as central to the projects of epistemic assessment results in a significantly different account than either the standard epistemological externalists focus on “processes” in the objectively reliable etiology of belief, or than the standard evidentialist focus on an agent’s reflectively available “reasons” which lend the agent a certain kind of personal or subjective justification for her belief.
Finite-Difference Simulation of Eddy Currents in Nonmagnetic Sheets via Electric Vector Potential

The magnetic excitation of eddy currents in thin metal sheets is a mathematically challenging problem with many practical applications. Since the eddy current density is a solenoidal field on a 2-D plane, we may express it as the curl of a separate vector field with only one scalar component. This new field is governed by a unique form of the vector-Poisson equation that is readily solved numerically through standard finite-difference techniques. For the special case of a weakly induced eddy current, the self-inductance terms can be neglected to produce a sparse system matrix that is easily inverted. For a strongly induced eddy current, self-inductance must be included at the cost of a more complex and dense system matrix. The method is validated against the CST EM Studio software suite by producing nearly identical results in only a tiny fraction of the computational time.
Exercising Common Sense, Exorcising Langdell: The Inseparability of Legal Theory, Practice and the Humanities

Maintaining that theory without practice is empty and practice without theory is blind, this article explores the impossibility of meaningfully separating legal theory from practice and the implications of this impossibility for legal education. Recognizing that no meaningful distinction can be made between legal theory and practice, this article maintains that there can be no meaningful distinction between “doctrinal” and “non-doctrinal” or “practical skills” courses and faculty. Accordingly, it explores the resulting implications for law school curricula and for faculty hiring standards. As a part of its exploration of the semantic and practical impossibilities of any real theory-practice divide in legal education, this article also examines modern cognitive theory of embodied meaning, how metaphor and category usage drive embodied meaning, and the resulting inseparability of the humanities from legal education and practice. In light of the foregoing, this article also explores reasons why Langdell’s case method is inefficient, myopic, lifeless, and simply wrong in its general elevation of certain appellate cases over other sources of law. Among other things, this article proposes: (1) abandoning the case method except in subjects such as constitutional law where cases actually comprise important primary materials, (2) revising course books to incorporate hornbook material and materials from actual law practice, (3) recognizing the importance of substantial practice experience when hiring new faculty, (4) erasing arbitrary lines between “core” and “non-core” faculty, and (5) placing greater emphasis upon the humanities in legal education. This article also predicts that these changes will be mandated from without if not voluntarily adopted from within.
Odontogenic Myxoma: A 23-Year Retrospective Series of 38 Cases.

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor arising in the jaw. Though it has slight histologic overlap with other entities, definitive diagnosis is imperative considering the tumor’s aggressive nature, high recurrence rate, and necessity of radical surgical intervention in large-sized lesions. With IRB approval, a retrospective search of the University of Florida College of Dentistry Oral Pathology Biopsy Service archives from 1994 to 2017 for diagnosis of OM of the jaw was performed. Biopsy reports and original slides for each case were assessed and reviewed along with any accompanying radiographs to confirm the diagnosis. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to exclude entities with histologic overlaps, such as intraosseous myxoid neurofibroma. A total of 38 cases were included. The patients’ age ranged from 6 to 84 years, with a mean age of 37.47 years. Females comprised two-thirds of the cases (n = 25) versus males (n = 13). The mandible was the most affected at 60.5% (n = 23), followed by maxilla 39.4% (n = 15). Posterior jaw involvement was higher than anterior in both the mandible (n = 20 versus n = 3) and the maxilla (n = 11 versus n = 4). Most lesions presented clinically as expansile masses with variable radiographic appearance. The clinical impression from submitting providers included “gelatinous masses”, abscesses, odontogenic lesions, fibro-osseous lesions, soft tissue or bone neoplasms, and reactive gingival lesions. A consensus of odontogenic myxoma as a diagnosis was rendered for 30 cases (79%), while in 8 cases (21%) that exhibited a more fibrous stroma was identified as fibromyxoma. OM may exhibit a varied demographic and clinical profile with a wide spectrum of histologic presentations. Pathologists should be sentient of this variability in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and correctly manage these patients.
Maternal Employment and Infant BMI z Score in a US Birth Cohort.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal employment and infant BMI z score. Methods Longitudinal data from 520 mother-infant dyads participating in the Nurture Study, an observational cohort in the southeastern United States, were leveraged. Women were categorized as employed or nonemployed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and measured anthropometrics were used to calculate infants' BMI z scores at the corresponding time points. BMI z score was defined using the World Health Organization standard. Household income was an effect modifier. Therefore, income-stratified (≤$40,000/y vs. >$40,000/y) linear regression models, with individual fixed effects, were used to examine associations between change in maternal employment status and BMI z scores among infants aged 3 to 12 months. Fixed effects controlled for time-invariant confounders (race/ethnicity, infant gender). This study also controlled for marital status and infant age. Results More women from higher-income (68.4%) versus lower-income households (52.6%) were employed. Among lower-income households, change from nonemployment to employment was associated with higher infant BMI z scores (β = 0.12; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.25, P = 0.07). Among higher-income households, change in maternal employment status was associated with lower infant BMI z scores (β = -0.72; 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.27, P = 0.02). Conclusions Maternal employment was related to infant adiposity. The direction of the association varied by household-level income.
Novel Pathway of Adenosine Generation in the Lungs from NAD + : Relevance to Allergic Airway Disease.

Adenosine and uric acid (UA) play a pivotal role in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present experiments, we measured adenosine synthesis from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in membranes prepared from wild type (WT) and CD38 knockout (CD38KO) mouse lungs, from cultured airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells, and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after airway challenge with epidemiologically relevant allergens. Adenosine was determined using an enzymatically coupled assay that produces ATP and is detected by luminescence. Uric acid was determined by ELISA. Exposure of cultured airway epithelial cells to Alternaria alternata extract caused significant nucleotide (NAD+ and ATP) release in the culture media. The addition of NAD+ to membranes prepared from WT mice resulted in faster generation of adenosine compared to membranes from CD38KO mice. Formation of adenosine from NAD+ affected UA and ATP concentrations, its main downstream molecules. Furthermore, NAD+ and adenosine concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased significantly following airway challenge with house-dust mite extract in WT but not in CD38KO mice. Thus, NAD+ is a significant source of adenosine and UA in the airways in mouse models of allergic airway disease, and the capacity for their generation from NAD+ is augmented by CD38, a major NADase with high affinity for NAD+. This novel non-canonical NAD+-adenosine-UA pathway that is triggered by allergens has not been previously described in the airways.
Correction of Suboptimal Results in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction

Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common means to rebuild the breast following mastectomy. Although largely successful in restoring breast shape, suboptimal results may occur secondary to inadequate size or projection, malposition, rippling and contour irregularities, nipple malposition, capsular contracture, or implant rotation/flipping. This article reviews common strategies to improve implant reconstruction outcomes with revisional surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Are carbon water filters safe for private wells? Evaluating the occurrence of microbial indicator organisms in private well water treated by point-of-use activated carbon block filters.

Point-of-use (POU) water treatment is highly relevant to private well users vulnerable to chemical contamination, but uncertainty remains around the effects of activated carbon based POU devices on the microbial quality of the treated water. In this study, under-sink activated carbon block water filters were installed in 17 homes relying on private well water in North Carolina. The influent and effluent water in each home was evaluated for bacterial and viral microbial indicator organisms monthly for five months. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify water quality and water usage variables that were significant predictors of each indicator organism occurring in the filter effluent. The odds of total coliforms occurring in the effluent decreased by 84% with each 1-log10 increase in the influent HPC (p < 0.05), suggesting a protective effect by native heterotrophic bacteria, but increased by over 50 times with low cumulative water use (p < 0.05). The filters were not protective against coliphages in the influent and viral shedding may occur after periods of increased virus concentrations in the raw well water. Specific bacteria were also found to increase in the effluent, causing a shift in the bacterial community composition, although potential opportunistic pathogens were detected in both the influent and the effluent. Overall, under normal conditions of use, the filters tested in this study did not represent a significant additional risk for well users beyond the existing exposures from undisinfected well water alone.
AttentionRank: Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction using Self and Cross Attentions

Keyword or keyphrase extraction is to identify words or phrases presenting the main topics of a document. This paper proposes the AttentionRank, a hybrid attention model, to identify keyphrases from a document in an unsupervised manner. AttentionRank calculates self-attention and cross-attention using a pre-trained language model. The self-attention is designed to determine the importance of a candidate within the context of a sentence. The cross-attention is calculated to identify the semantic relevance between a candidate and sentences within a document. We evaluate the AttentionRank on three publicly available datasets against seven baselines. The results show that the AttentionRank is an effective and robust unsupervised keyphrase extraction model on both long and short documents. Source code is available on Github.
Philanthropy in British and American Fiction: Dickens, Hawthorne, Eliot and Howells

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. From Sympathy to Altruism: The Roots of Philanthropic Discourse 2. Dickensian Realism and Telescopic Philanthropy 3. Hawthorne's 'Cold Fancy' and the Revision of Sympathetic Exchange 4. Altruism's Conquest of Modern Generalization in Eliot 5. William Dean Howells's Altrurian Aesthetic in the Modern Marketplace Coda Works Cited Index.
Effect of zirconium oxide on the stress-corrosion susceptibility of irradiated Zircaloy cladding

Cladding specimens were obtained from two fuel rods irradiated in the Big Rock Point Reactor to a burnup of approximately 8 gigawatt days per ton. Both claddings had a uniform, thick (approximately 4/mu/m) zirconium oxide layer on the inner surface. The significant difference between the two rods was the degree of fission-gas release (0.2 versus 14.3 percent). The cladding specimens, with the fuel removed, were subjected to stress-rupture tests to evaluate their stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility at an initial iodine concentration of 0.6 mg/cm/sup 2/ and a temperature of 325 degree C. Specimens from the high-gas-release rod exhibited significantly increased susceptibility to iodine SCC. The results suggest that the inner-surface oxide provides a barrier to iodine penetration. 10 refs.
Smooth projective hashing and two-message oblivious transfer

We present a general framework for constructing two-message oblivious transfer protocols using a modification of Cramer and Shoup's notion of smooth projective hashing (2002). Our framework is actually an abstraction of the two-message oblivious transfer protocols of Naor and Pinkas (2001) and Aiello et al. (2001), whose security is based on the Decisional Diffie Hellman Assumption. In particular, we give two new oblivious transfer protocols. The security of one is based on the N'th-Residuosity Assumption, and the security of the other is based on both the Quadratic Residuosity Assumption and the Extended Riemann Hypothesis. Our security guarantees are not simulation based, and are similar to those of previous constructions. When using smooth projective hashing in this context, we must deal with maliciously chosen smooth projective hash families. This raises new technical difficulties, and in particular it is here that the Extended Riemann Hypothesis comes into play.
The Cave of Euripides

The ancient mystery cults practiced by the Greeks and their neighbors were derived from the prehistoric use of caves as places to induce altered states of consciousness. The visions obtained in these rituals were expressed in both cave paintings and in the stories of the ancient playwrights. Ancient thought was shaped profoundly by the ecstatic experiences of Euripides and others, whose own experiences in visionary states were externalized in the form of their poetry and plays. Plato’s allegory of the cave represents a rejection of the “irrational” Dionysian way of knowing, and thus a denial of a long-enduring source of human knowledge, and a preference for a “rational” Apollonian way of knowing. Our modern attitudes continue to reflect this Platonic prejudice.
Response of Escherichia coli auxotrophs to heat after treatment with mutagenic alkyl methanesulfonates.

Abstract Strauss, Bernard S. (The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.). Response of Escherichia coli auxotrophs to heat after treatment with mutagenic alkyl methanesulfonates. J. Bacteriol. 83:241–249. 1962.—Heating in buffer at 48 C resulted in a large increase in the frequency of revertants obtained after treatment of restingphase cells of Escherichia coli strain WP-2 (a tryptophan-requiring mutant of strain B/r) with ethyl methanesulfonate. This effect was not obtained with the mutagenic homologue, methyl methanesulfonate. Cells treated with ethyl methanesulfonate lost their sensitivity to heat soon after the start of incubation in growth medium; chloramphenicol added to the growth medium preserved the sensitivity. Cells in the exponential growth phase which were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate were rapidly killed by heat treatment. Methyl methanesulfonate was more effective as a killing agent than the ethyl derivative. Heat effects on mutation frequency were obtained with a second tryptophan-requiring mutant of E. coli B/r and with a tryptophan-requiring mutant of E. coli K-12.
A study of the input impedance of the inset-fed rectangular microstrip antenna as a function of notch depth and width

A practical way to adjust the input impedance of a rectangular patch antenna is to vary the feed position. The inset-fed patch provides a method of impedance control with a planar feed configuration. The goal of this paper is to further study the inset-fed patch in order to examine the dependence of the input impedance on the inset notch geometry, as well as to realize design tables that show the notch depth to obtain the best input match (minimum |S/sub 11/|) for the inset patch when using a 50 /spl Omega/ feed.
The Growth of Ethnic Organizations in the Context of Neighborhood Change: Organizational Ecology in Postwar San Francisco

Which neighborhood conditions foster the growth of ethnic organizations? This paper explores how changing unemployment, homeownership, and immigration in neighborhoods shape the growth of ethnic or...
PPARs as Therapeutic Targets: Reverse Cardiology?

Formation of the atherosclerotic lesions that lead to myocardial infarction is determined in part by inflammatory responses such as the production of lipid-laden macrophages. In his Perspective, Plutzky highlights the parts played by PPAR nuclear receptors, especially PPAR-delta (Lee et al.), in the modulation of inflammatory responses and hence atherosclerosis.
Military Force as an Instrument to Craft States

In a recent article, Stathis Kalyvas observes that the new U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual “betrays zero impact by political science research” (2008, 351). Kalyvas attributes this to a dearth of policy relevant academic research on counterinsurgency campaigns. This is despite the fact that the analogies, intuitions, and assumptions underpinning the COIN manual’s policy guidelines could and should be subjected to more systematic empirical analysis. Leaders and decision makers tend to “reason by analogy,” applying the lessons of the last war, or a prominent case considered to be “similar” to the current situation, in order to determine the likely effectiveness of their various military options. But policymakers need more than analogous cases and recent experience in order to make informed decisions about whether and how to employ force in a particular situation. What factors affect the relative success of external interventions to influence the structure and composition of foreign governments? How do characteristics of the external intervention, the domestic threat, and the host government affect an intervening state’s ability to install friendly, stable governments and contain or eliminate civil violence in foreign countries? I conduct quantitative analyses of historical data to test hypotheses about the factors expected to influence the relative success and cost of external efforts to remove, replace, and consolidate foreign governments. Hypotheses are tested against the historical record of foreign military interventions since 1945. The goal is to identify the conditions under which states have been able to (1) remove hostile foreign governments or specific leaders from power, (2) install stable, friendly governments in foreign countries, (3) contain or eliminate violent opposition groups and consolidate the political authority of friendly foreign governments, and (4) ensure population security.
Information Exchange and Display in Asynchronous C2 Group Decision Making

Abstract : Research has indicated that group decision making participants have difficulty in sharing their uniquely held information and in integrating unique information from other participants. An on-line knowledge elicitation technique is proposed where participants assign a variety of cognitive assessments to each retained decision-relevant information item. These assessments might include source credibility, timeliness, information uncertainty, direction of impact on the related decision criterion as well as overall importance of the information item. The assessments are automatically converted into a small color-coded icon called an Information Object (IOB). The IOB can then be used in place of the text version of the item, much as tactical symbology replaces raw radar video. The display, sharing, manipulation and algorithmic sorting of these IOBs permits all participants to access each item and simplifies the process of integrating the arriving information and making quality decisions. The attached individual information quality assessments also permit a highly focused discussion exchange, reducing the time required for conflict resolution and consensus building.
Homogeneity and Molecular Weight of Toxin of Clostridium botulinum Type B

Abstract Gerwing et al. described the isolation and purification from culture filtrates of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum type B and characterized it as a homogeneous protein of less than 10,000 molecular weight. Analysis by various methods of samples of this toxin obtained from Gerwing et al., and preparations produced by their methods in our laboratories, furnished convincing evidence that neither her preparation nor ours was homogeneous. The molecular weight of the toxic component isolated from either of the preparations was 100,000 or greater and resembled, in a number of respects, the α component isolated by us from the crystalline toxin of C. botulinum type A.
Neary and Roberts on Le Chatelier properties of spill-over effects: A correction

Abstract This note shows that spill-over effects do not necessarily increase with the intensity of rationing, in contrast with views expressed by Neary and Roberts (1980) in the context of Keynesian unemployment.
The Development and Validation of a Brief Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) Scale: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample of Men and Women in the United States

Abstract Introduction Much scientific research focuses on assessing and understanding individuals' perceptions of sexual pleasure, enjoyment and satisfaction. Many existing measures of pleasure and satisfaction provide valuable information but are limited in their ability to assess event‐level quality. Aims To develop a scale for measuring the event‐level quality of a sexual experience that could be used regardless of the age, gender, sexual orientation, and relationship status of the individual and across sexual activity types. Methods Interviews about the measurement of sexual quality and pleasure were conducted with 15 experts in the field of sexual health and informed the development of an event‐level scale to measure the quality of sexual experiences. Scale items were administered to a cross‐sectional nationally representative probability survey of Americans ages 18 to 60. Main Outcome Measures Socio‐demographic items; Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale items; event‐level items related to overall sexual quality (“Quality item”), comparison to other sexual events (“Comparison item”), and orgasm (“Orgasm item”). Results QSE scores were significantly correlated with responses to the Quality Item ( r = 0.901, P F [4,1461] = 129.46, P F [4,864] = 71.84, P F [3,1430] = 246.53, P F [3,858] = 117.24, P Conclusions The QSE scale is a valid and reliable event‐level measure of the quality of a sexual experience in both women and men with outstanding psychometric properties. Clinical and research implications are discussed. Sanders SA, Herbenick D, Reece M, Schick V, Mullinax M, Dodge B, and Fortenberry JD. The development and validation of a brief quality of sexual experience (QSE) scale: Results from a nationally representative sample of men and women in the United States. J Sex Med 2013;10:2409–2417.