cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive efficacy of priming and boosting doses of controlled-release PZP in wild horses

Context. At some sites, wild horse populations have been effectively and non-invasively regulated using remote darting with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines. However, this model has not been widely applied to wild horse herds in western USA, many of which are difficult to access because they roam large areas and are wary of people. Single-treatment, multi-year contraceptive vaccines would significantly broaden the scope for successful contraceptive management.Aims. The aims of the present field studies were to (1) test the contraceptive effectiveness and longevity of primers incorporating PZP–adjuvant emulsions plus PZP and adjuvant in controlled-release pellets (‘PZP-22’); and (2) compare the contraceptive effectiveness and duration of PZP–adjuvant emulsion-only boosters with those of PZP-22 boosters when administered by hand or remote darting to PZP-22-primed mares.Methods. Wild horses in herd management areas in Colorado and Utah, USA, were rounded up in 2008 and in Utah again in 2012. Previously untreated females received a single hand-injection of PZP–emulsion plus controlled-release PZP pellets (‘PZP-22’ vaccine) and were then released. In Autumn 2010, 50 Colorado females treated in 2008 were booster-darted with either the PZP-22 vaccine or the PZP emulsion alone. In Utah, 57 previously treated females rounded up in 2012 received hand-injections of either the PZP emulsion–pellet vaccine or the PZP emulsion alone. Maternity was established through field observation of nursing and other close associations.Key results. Effectiveness of initial controlled-release PZP treatments over 2 years was low relative to previous trials. However, boosters delivered by dart or by hand to PZP-22-primed mares yielded high levels of contraceptive effectiveness for 3 years, with no consistent difference between simple PZP-emulsion boosters and boosters incorporating controlled-release pellets.Conclusions. Priming mares with PZP-22 extends the efficacy of a subsequent PZP booster to at least 3 consecutive years.Implications. Regulation of wild horse populations may be achieved with existing contraceptive agents by developing models and management plans that account for the increased longevity of repeated contraceptive treatments.
Steigerung der Energieflexibilität von Fabriken

Kurzfassung Die Energieflexibilitat von Fabriken muss aufgrund des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien und der wachesenden Nachfrage zur Anpassung des Energiebedarfs gesteigert werden. Zu diesem Zweck gilt es Flexibilitatspotenziale zu erkennen und gezielt auszubauen. Diese konnen anschliesend in der Betriebsphase zur Steuerung des Energiebedarfs eingesetzt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll auf die Steigerung der Energieflexibilitat eingegangen und ein Vorgehen vorgestellt werden.
On the Copy of Communications Signals using Antenna Arrays

Abstract This paper presents a number of marginally related techniques for blind signal copy/equalization using multiple sensors. The techniques presented include the following: a decision-directed algorithm for reception of CDMA signals, a method for multipath equalization that exploits array calibration data, and a blind equalization technique that assumes a state space model for the communication channel and a white information sequence. While all of the algorithms consider the same type of problem, they differ in what a prion assumptions are made about the signals and the array.
Swordfish Overview: Extending Data Center Control to the World of Storage

Swordfish is an extension of the DMTF Redfish specification developed by the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) to provide a unified approach for the management of storage and servers in hyperscale, cloud infrastructure, and converged infrastructure environments, making it easier for IT administrators to integrate scalable solutions into their data centers. This presentation shows how Swordfish extends Redfish and provides an overview of basic Swordfish concepts, and examples of standards-based automation for the data center using EnergyStar® instrumentation.
From continuous integration to continuous assurance

Continuous assurance extends the concept of continuous integration into the software assurance space. The goal is to naturally integrate the security assessment of software into the software development workflow. The Software Assurance Marketplace (SWAMP) [1] was established to support continuous assurance, helping to simplify and automate the process of running code analysis tools, especially static code analysis (SCA) tools. We describe how the SWAMP can be integrated easily into the continuous assurance workflow, providing direct access from integrated development environments (IDEs) such as Eclipse, source code management systems such as git and Subversion, and continuous integration systems such as Jenkins.
An exploratory study of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) (poly)phenols/metabolites in human biological samples

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) contains a variety of polyphenols including anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Red raspberry polyphenols absorbed in different forms (parent compounds, degradants or microbial metabolites) are subject to xenobiotic metabolism in the intestine, liver, and/or kidney, forming methylate, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugated metabolites. Upon acute exposure, (poly)phenol/metabolite presence in the blood depends mainly on intestinal absorption, enterohepatic circulation, and metabolism by resident microbiota. However, chronic exposure to red raspberry polyphenols may alter metabolite patterns depending on adaptions in the xenobiotic machinery and/or microbiota composition. Understanding the metabolic fate of these compounds and their composition in different biological specimens relative to the exposure time/dose will aid in designing future health benefit studies, including the mechanism of action studies. The present exploratory study applied ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and triple quadrupole (QQQ) mass spectrometries to characterize red raspberry polyphenols in fruit and then their appearance, including metabolites in human biological samples (plasma, urine and breast milk) after the chronic intake of red raspberries. The results suggested that the most abundant polyphenols in red raspberries included cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, sanguiin H6 and lambertianin C. Sixty-two (poly)phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in the plasma, urine and breast milk samples after the intake of red raspberries. In general, urine contained the highest content of phenolic metabolites; phase II metabolites, particularly sulfated conjugates, were mainly present in urine and breast milk, and breast milk contained fewer parent anthocyanins compared to urine and plasma.
Concurrent Painless Weeping Nodule and Targetoid Lesion on the Hand.

A man presented with skin lesions his hand and finger a few weeks after sustaining a minor laceration while skinning slaughtered sheep.
Relational Climate and Health Care Costs: Evidence From Diabetes Care:

Quality of care worries and rising costs have resulted in a widespread interest in enhancing the efficiency of health care delivery. One area of increasing interest is in promoting teamwork as a way of coordinating efforts to reduce costs and improve quality, and identifying the characteristics of the work environment that support teamwork. Relational climate is a measure of the work environment that captures shared employee perceptions of teamwork, conflict resolution, and diversity acceptance. Previous research has found a positive association between relational climate and quality of care, yet its relationship with costs remains unexplored. We examined the influence of primary care relational climate on health care costs incurred by diabetic patients at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs between 2008 and 2012. We found that better relational climate is significantly related to lower costs. Clinics with the strongest relational climate saved $334 in outpatient costs per patient compared with facilities with the weakest score in 2010. The total outpatient cost saving if all clinics achieved the top 5% relational climate score was $20 million. Relational climate may contribute to lower costs by enhancing diabetic treatment work processes, especially in outpatient settings.
Technical note: Solving inventory models by algebraic method

Abstract We consider the open question raised by Chang et al. (2005) to solve the EOQ and EPQ inventory models without referring to calculus. Lau et al. (2016) and Chiu et al. (2017) both extended this open question by deriving criterion for the existence and uniqueness of the interior minimum solution but they used analytical techniques that are related to calculus. Moreover, their derivations are incomplete and contained questionable results. In this note, we only used algebraic approach for their extended open question.
Anomalous Supercurrent Modulation in Josephson Junctions With Ni-Based Barriers

We investigate the supercurrent transport characteristics of Ni-barrier Josephson junctions with various barrier multilayer structures. Our device fabrication and magneto-electrical measurement methods provide high enough statistics and rigor necessary for the detailed characterization of magnetic Josephson junctions. As a result, we obtain the oscillatory critical current as a function of Ni thickness that matches the clean-limit transport theory except for certain anomalous features. Salient details include the finite oscillation phase shift due to a nonmagnetic spacer, the near-zero effective magnetic dead layer, and the distorted current-phase relationship near the 0-π transition. These allude to intricacies in the microscopic transport that are unique to certain magnetic Josephson junctions. We discuss a route toward a comprehensive understanding of realistic magnetic Josephson junctions based on the underlying effect of exchange field on the superconducting spin modulation.
Drainage of Pleural Effusions

A simple but safe procedure to drain pleural effusions using equipment readily available in any clinic or office with minimal discomfort to the patient.
Out of the Way and Out of Place: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Social Interactions of Bisexually Attracted Young People

Research addressing the concerns of bisexually attracted youth has markedly increased in the past few years, yet remains limited in comparison to that addressing the issues of lesbian and gay youth (Brewster & Moradi, 2010). Those few studies treating bisexual participants as distinct from lesbian and gay participants have findings indicating that some youth who identify as bisexual experience higher rates of depression, pregnancy, substance abuse, suicidal ideations, and suicide attempts compared to their lesbian and gay peers (Kennedy & Fisher, 2010; Lewis, Derlega, Brown, Rose, & Henson, 2009; Saewyc, Homma, Skay, Bearinger, Resnick, & Reis, 2009). Most commonly, however, research studies examine all lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer participants as one group, and little is known about the ways in which these distinct groups differ. Biphobia, defined as the aversion felt toward bisexuality and bisexuals as a social group or as individuals, contributes to barriers in addressing this gap. The primary objective of this study was to gain an understanding of how the participants recalled their social interactions and how they made sense of them. In depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten young people who were bisexually attracted when they were of high school age. Results were analyzed and discussed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. Analyses of these accounts revealed the ways these young people made sense of feeling dismissed, isolated, invisible, and unsafe in their environments and the ways they used their observations to control future interactions. The participants discussed their experiences with coming out SOCIAL INTERACTIONS ii to family members and friends and the strain of choosing to hide their attractions to more than one gender. These findings indicate the need for services offering specific supports and interventions for bisexually attracted youth. Social workers, youth workers, and educators can best serve this population by acknowledging the uniqueness of their experiences. Future research, focused on group specific concerns, could close the existing gap in the
Chapter 8 – Hemoglobinopathies

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different kinds of hemoglobinopathies and presents techniques for their diagnosis and management. Sickle hemoglobin is the most common abnormal hemoglobin found in the United States. The incidence of sickle cell disease (SCD) at birth is approximately 1 in 600 African-Americans. Sickle cell disease is transmitted as an autosomal co-dominant trait. Homozygotes (two abnormal genes, SS) do not synthesize hemoglobin A (Hb A); beyond infancy, red cells contain >75% hemoglobin S (Hb S). Heterozygotes (one abnormal gene), sickle cell trait, have red cells containing 20–45% Hb S. On the other hand thalassemia syndromes are characterized by varying degrees of ineffective hematopoiesis and increased hemolysis. Clinical syndromes are divided into α- and β-thalassemias, each with varying numbers of their respective globin genes mutated. Sickle cell trait provides selective advantage against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Individuals who have both α-thalassemia and sickle cell disease-SS tend to be less anemic than those who have sickle cell disease-SS alone. The co-inheritance of sickle cell disease and alpha thalassemia trait is associated with a reduction in the risk of some complications, such as stroke, but has no effect on the frequency or severity of vaso-occlusive pain. Substitution in the region of heme attachment causes gross molecular instability. Changes in the oxygen affinity have also been found in some of the unstable haemoglobin and some of the M hemoglobins. An increase in oxygen affinity results in greater tissue anoxia and greater erythropoietin stimulation for a given level of anemia.
On a Theorem of Hofer and Zehnder

A major question of interest in the study of Hamiltonian systems is that of finding sufficient geometrical conditions for an energy surface of the system so that the system has a periodic orbit on the surface. The first result of a general nature in this direction is due to Seifert [1] and many subsequent contributions have been made. See e.g. [2–8]. At this conference H. Hofer and E. Zehnder [9] obtained a new kind of result in this spirit. It doesn’t necessarily give periodic solutions on the prescribed energy surface, say M ≡ H−1 (1) but gives such solutions on nearby surfaces. More precisely they proved: Theorem 1: Suppose H ∈ C1(R 2n,R) and M ≡ H−1 (1) is a compact hypersurface (and in particular Hz # 0 on M). Then there exists a sequence em → 0 such that H−1 (1 + em) contains a periodic solution zm of the corresponding Hamiltonian system $$ \dot z = J{H_z}(z) $$ (HS)
Die Normalisierung von Relationen

Im 2. Kapitel haben wir zur Kenntnis genommen, wie die Realitat in einer dem menschlichen Verstandnis moglichst entgegenkommenden Weise abzubilden ist. Die zu diesem Zwecke zur Anwendung gelangenden Bausteine — konkret: Konstruktionselemente zur Darstellung mehrerer Einzelfalle — ermoglichen die Konstruktion von konzeptionellen (d.h. hardware- und softwareunabhangigen) Datenmodellen.
Conflict and Decision‐Making: Attributional and Emotional Influences

There is general consensus among conflict scholars that cognitive conflict's impact within the organization is functional, whereas affective conflict's impact is dysfunctional. Inconsistent findings in the literature suggest that additional factors impact these relationships. In this study, we integrate theories of conflict, affect, and attribution within the domain of decision‐making to gain a greater understanding of how and why organizational conflicts are at times positive, negative, or neutral. Specifically, we posit that the conclusions individuals reach as a result of their attributions, and their subsequent emotions and behavioral responses, play a significant role in determining conflict's effects. We apply theories of team‐level emotional convergence to propose how the individual emotional responses of team members may converge into a collective emotional response at the team level. Finally, we propose that the team‐level emotional responses initiated by the attribution process are significant moderators of the relationship between conflict type and decision outcomes.
An integrated methodology for evaluating patient service quality

Customer satisfaction and perception of quality are important for the profitability and sustainability of any organisation. In healthcare, patients’ needs and perception of quality are dynamic cons...
Immune mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension and renal end-organ damage

Immune mechanisms have been recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, vascular disease and kidney damage in humans and animals for many decades. Contemporary advances in experimentation have permitted a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation and immunity participate in cardiovascular disease, and multiple observations have demonstrated strong correlations between the discoveries made in animals and those made in patients with hypertension. Of note, striking phenotypic similarities have been observed in the infiltration of immune cells in the kidney and the development of end-organ damage in patients and animal models with sodium-sensitive hypertension. The available data suggest that an initial salt-induced increase in renal perfusion pressure, which is likely independent of immune mechanisms, induces the infiltration of immune cells into the kidney. The mechanisms mediating immune cell infiltration in the kidney are not well understood but likely involve tissue damage, the direct influence of salt to stimulate immune cell activation, sympathetic nerve stimulation or other factors. The infiltrating cells then release cytokines, free radicals and other factors that contribute to renal damage as well as increased retention of sodium and water and vascular resistance, which lead to the further development of hypertension. Immune mechanisms have important roles in the development of hypertension and end-organ damage. In this Review, David Mattson discusses these mechanisms with a focus on salt-sensitive hypertension and adaptive immunity.
Transmission Investment and Expansion Planning for Systems With High-Temperature Superconducting Cables

Growing electric power demand in densely populated metropolitan areas presents problems due to the lack of availability of space to build transmission lines and due to short-circuit current limits. One of the solutions to meet the increasing demand is high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables, which have a sufficiently high capacity and can be installed in the limited space of existing ducts. However, since the characteristics of low-impedance HTS cables result in higher system short-circuit levels, fault current limiter (FCL) HTS cables have been developed to solve the fault current problem without an upgrade of the rating of the existing circuit breakers, which is typically necessary when new power facilities in the power system are installed. This paper investigates the impacts of the installation of HTS cables on optimal transmission expansion planning (TEP). A three-stage TEP framework (identification, system analysis, and optimization) is proposed to select between plain HTS or FCL-HTS cables, and to determine the locations of new transmission expansion lines. The TEP optimization problem is formulated using mixed integer linear programming with the big-M method. The simulation results showed that the benefits of installing the FCL-HTS cable can justify their high installation costs.
Dissecting Pruned Neural Networks.

Pruning is a standard technique for removing unnecessary structure from a neural network to reduce its storage footprint, computational demands, or energy consumption. Pruning can reduce the parameter-counts of many state-of-the-art neural networks by an order of magnitude without compromising accuracy, meaning these networks contain a vast amount of unnecessary structure. In this paper, we study the relationship between pruning and interpretability. Namely, we consider the effect of removing unnecessary structure on the number of hidden units that learn disentangled representations of human-recognizable concepts as identified by network dissection. We aim to evaluate how the interpretability of pruned neural networks changes as they are compressed. We find that pruning has no detrimental effect on this measure of interpretability until so few parameters remain that accuracy beings to drop. Resnet-50 models trained on ImageNet maintain the same number of interpretable concepts and units until more than 90% of parameters have been pruned.
Employee Departure Costs and Capital Structure Decisions

I show that the risk of incurring large employee departure-related costs, unrelated to trade secret-related costs, impacts firms’ capital structure decisions. I proxy for these costs with the cross-industry labor mobility of a firm’s workers using a novel dynamic textual measure for this mobility based on network centrality. When firms face a higher risk of employee departures to firms in other industries, they maintain a lower debt ratio, hold more cash, and pay less dividends. The effect of cross-industry labor mobility on firms’ capital structure is stronger for firms with more workers who are skilled or in managerial occupations, firms in labor-intensive industries, firms with greater hiring costs, financially constrained firms, and when workers have lower switching costs. Conversely, the effect of cross-industry labor mobility on firms’ capital structure is weaker for firms in industries with higher relative performance and valuations. To infer causality, I make use of several different exogenous shocks to employee departure and job switching costs. Overall, my findings imply that firms choose more conservative financial policies when they face a greater risk of incurring large employee departure costs.
Visual Relationships as Functions:Enabling Few-Shot Scene Graph Prediction

Scene graph prediction — classifying the set of objects and predicates in a visual scene — requires substantial training data. The long-tailed distribution of relationships can be an obstacle for such approaches, however, as they can only be trained on the small set of predicates that carry sufficient labels. We introduce the first scene graph prediction model that supports few-shot learning of predicates, enabling scene graph approaches to generalize to a set of new predicates. First, we introduce a new model of predicates as functions that operate on object features or image locations. Next, we define a scene graph model where these functions are trained as message passing protocols within a new graph convolution framework. We train the framework with a frequently occurring set of predicates and show that our approach outperforms those that use the same amount of supervision by 1.78 at recall@50 and performs on par with other scene graph models. Next, we extract object representations generated by the trained predicate functions to train few-shot predicate classifiers on rare predicates with as few as 1 labeled example. When compared to strong baselines like transfer learning from existing state-of-the-art representations, we show improved 5-shot performance by 4.16 recall@1. Finally, we show that our predicate functions generate interpretable visualizations, enabling the first interpretable scene graph model.
The Lacritin-Syndecan-1-Heparanase Axis in Dry Eye Disease

Homeostasis and visual acuity of the surface of the eye are dependent on tears, a thin film comprising at least 1800 different extracellular proteins and numerous species of lipids through which 80% of entering light is refracted at the air interface. Loss of homeostasis in dry eye disease affects 5–7% of the world’s population, yet little is known about key molecular players. Our story began as an unbiased screen for regulators of tearing that led to the discovery of homeostasis-restorative ‘lacritin’, a tear protein whose active form is selectively deficient in dry eye. Heparanase acts as a novel ‘on-switch’ for lacritin ligation of syndecan-1 necessary to trigger basal tearing, as well as pertussis toxin-sensitive and FOXO-dependent signaling pathways for healing of inflammation-damaged epithelia and restoring epithelial oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondrial fusion downstream of transiently accelerated autophagy. A phase 2 clinical trial has tested the applicability of this mechanism to the resolution of dry eye disease. Results are not yet available. With lacritin proteoforms detected in cerebral spinal fluid, plasma, and urine, the capacity of the lacritin-syndecan-1-heparanase axis to restore homeostasis might have wide systemic relevance to other organs.
Ventricular Tachycardia Storm Originating From Moderator Band Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

A 67-year-old man presented with dizziness secondary to ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the moderator band. The VT was refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic medications requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and eventual curative ablation. We highlight a malignant form of idiopathic VT, unique electrocardiogram characteristics, and ablation considerations. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
Emergent Viral Infections of the CNS.

Biological evolution of the microbiome continually drives the emergence of human viral pathogens, a subset of which attack the nervous system. The sheer number of pathogens that have appeared, along with their abundance in the environment, demand our attention. For the most part, our innate and adaptive immune systems have successfully protected us from infection; however, in the past 5 decades, through pathogen mutation and ecosystem disruption, a dozen viruses emerged to cause significant neurologic disease. Most of these pathogens have come from sylvatic reservoirs having made the energetically difficult, and fortuitously rare, jump into humans. But the human microbiome is also replete with agents already adapted to the host that need only minor mutations to create neurotropic/toxic agents. While each host/virus symbiosis is unique, this review examines virologic and immunologic principles that govern the pathogenesis of different viral CNS infections that were described in the past 50 years (Influenza, West Nile Virus, Zika, Rift Valley Fever Virus, Hendra/Nipah, Enterovirus-A71/-D68, Human parechovirus, HIV, and SARS-CoV). Knowledge of these pathogens provides us the opportunity to respond and mitigate infection while at the same time prepare for inevitable arrival of unknown agents.
The interactive effect of heat and mass transport on water condensation in the gas diffusion layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abstract Despite recent advancement in fuel cell technology, significant challenges remain in achieving high power density operation to meet the stringent targets of performance, durability and cost. This is due to the lack of fundamental understanding in interactive transports of oxygen, protons, heat, and water. In this study, we employed both experimental and analytical methods to study water onset condensation using Toray and Freudenberg diffusion media, which have different thermal and diffusion properties. Toray performs better under dry conditions, while Freudenberg has improved performance under wet conditions. The dry and wet effective diffusivities obtained using the in situ limiting current support the performance results. Neutron images show that liquid water exists throughout the layer of diffusion media for Toray material, but only under the land for Freudenberg keeping the area under the channel open for oxygen transport. To further understand this fundamental mechanism, we developed a 1-D model to simulate fuel cell performance. In addition, we identify the water condensation behavior is controlled by the product of thermal conductivity and the ratio of tortuosity to porosity. The findings provide new insights into improving material design and boosting energy conversion efficiency under a wide range of fuel cell operation conditions.
Consumable development to tailor residual stress in parts fabricated using directed energy deposition processes

Abstract Distortion and residual stresses are major challenges that limit the ability to fabricate large scale structures using Additive Manufacturing (AM). Researchers worldwide are evaluating techniques to induce compressive residual stress in the parts via intermittent rolling. While reasonable success has been documented, the idea of lowering the martensite start temperature to induce compressive stresses has not been evaluated in the context of AM, despite demonstrated success by the welding community. This study validates the hypothesis that, by a proper selection of materials and process parameters, one may effectively reduce distortion and induce a compressive residual stress in AM parts. Using neutron diffraction to measure residual stresses in parts, we demonstrate that, in addition to selection of the correct materials, the inter pass temperature plays a major role in controlling the residual stress evolution. The observations relating to the residual stresses are rationalized based on a microstructural evolution in these samples. Based on this preliminary study, a strategy to fabricate large structures with minimal distortion and residual stress is outlined.
Exploring country-wide equitable government health care facility access in Uganda.

Rural access to health care remains a challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa due to urban bias, social determinants of health, and transportation-related barriers. Health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa often lack equity, leaving disproportionately less health center access for the poorest residents with the highest health care needs. Lack of health care equity in Sub-Saharan Africa has become of increasing concern as countries enter a period of simultaneous high infectious and non-communicable disease burdens, the second of which requires a robust primary care network due to a long continuum of care. Bicycle ownership has been proposed and promoted as one tool to reduce travel-related barriers to health-services among the poor. An accessibility analysis was conducted to identify the proportion of Ugandans within one-hour travel time to government health centers using walking, bicycling, and driving scenarios. Statistically significant clusters of high and low travel time to health centers were calculated using spatial statistics. Random Forest analysis was used to explore the relationship between poverty, population density, health center access in minutes, and time saved in travel to health centers using a bicycle instead of walking. Linear Mixed-Effects Models were then used to validate the performance of the random forest models. The percentage of Ugandans within a one-hour walking distance of the nearest health center II is 71.73%, increasing to 90.57% through bicycles. Bicycles increased one-hour access to the nearest health center III from 53.05 to 80.57%, increasing access to the tiered integrated national laboratory system by 27.52 percentage points. Significant clusters of low health center access were associated with areas of high poverty and urbanicity. A strong direct relationship between travel time to health center and poverty exists at all health center levels. Strong disparities between urban and rural populations exist, with rural poor residents facing disproportionately long travel time to health center compared to wealthier urban residents. The results of this study highlight how the most vulnerable Ugandans, who are the least likely to afford transportation, experience the highest prohibitive travel distances to health centers. Bicycles appear to be a “pro-poor” tool to increase health access equity.
Role of a Preoperative Catheter Regimen in Achieving Early Primary Endoscopic Valve Ablation in Neonates with Posterior Urethral Valves.

Purpose:Primary valve ablation is preferred to vesicostomy in the initial management of posterior urethral valves. However, some neonates have a prohibitively small urethra. We describe our experie...
MECHANISMS AND METHODS OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

SUMMARY The mechanisms for blood flow during CPR have been clarified during the last 10 years. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the thoracic pump mechanism, although it is generally accepted that both the thoracic and cardiac pump mechanisms may be operating. Irrespective of the mechanism of blood flow during CPR, investigators have sought to improve survival from sudden cardiac death by a variety of methods. Most have chosen to exploit the thoracic pump mechanism, but others rely on the heart as the pump. IAC-CPR, vest CPR, and ACD-CPR have shown some promise with respect to improving ROSC and neurologic outcome. Continued research and clinical trials of these methods will hopefully lead to improved survival from sudden cardiac death. Until such time, however, standard CPR should continue to be performed in cases of cardiac arrest and obviously serve as the benchmark against which all new CPR methods are compared.
A data-driven electric water heater scheduling and control system

Abstract Domestic hot water (DHW) heating accounts for up to 30% of average household energy use. Compared to gas fired water heaters, electric water heaters (EWH) can be powered by renewable generation resources, thus making it a potential renewable heating option. Furthermore, with the growing need for energy storage, incorporation of renewable resources, and initiatives worldwide, the electrification of DHW heating is expected to continue the rapid growth. However, many commercial EWH products with monitoring and alerting functionalities lack the intelligence to optimize and perform predictive control with data; on the other hand, research studies with refined models and simulations come short in incorporating real-time data and providing robust optimal controls under uncertainties in real-world settings. This paper presents a EWH Smart Scheduling and Control System using data-driven disturbance forecasts in a robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) to accomplish various demand side management objectives. Testing with a real-world EWH dataset and a two-state EWH model, robust MPC simulations are conducted on a central EWH supplying DHW for a multi-unit apartment building with quantified prediction uncertainty. Results show that the proposed system is capable of anticipating DHW demand with an uncertainty interval covering up to 97% of the actual demand during the test days and reducing electricity cost up to 33.2% as well as maintaining a desired DHW temperature without affecting user comfort. Further, the flexibility of the system to alter load profiles under different Demand Response (DR) programs is demonstrated. Reductions in both power and water consumption can be accomplished. The proposed system can create an implementable solution of forecasting DHW usage and optimizing controls as a part of a robust and reliable building energy management and control system in real-world settings.
Prosthetic hip infection due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Abstract Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of prosthetic joint implantation with a prevalence of about 1–2 % of all prosthetic joint surgeries. While Staphylococcus spp. are the most common organisms isolated, Salmonella spp. are a rare cause of PJI (estimated prevalence
Income Risk and Stock Market Entry/Exit Decisions

This study examines the stock market entry and exit decisions of U.S. households. We find that a significant portion of households enters or exits from their non-retirement investment accounts biennially. Empirical evidence indicate that income risk affects equity ownership turnover. A portfolio choice model with an income process extracted from survey data shows that idiosyncratic income shocks are more important for dynamic equity ownership decisions than aggregate stock market risk. The model yields realistic estimates for the coefficient of relative risk aversion (= 3.09) and the discount factor (= 0.97).
Adoption and Implementation Barriers for Worksite Health Programs in the United States

Worksite health promotion programs have been identified as having the potential to mitigate chronic health risks. In the most recent 2017 U.S. CDC survey of workplace health promotion, respondents identified several perceived barriers related to program adoption and implementation. The analysis indicates that challenges negatively associated with having worksite program were lack of senior management support (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.78), lack of qualified vendors (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.4–0.79), lack of qualified personnel (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.73), and cost (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39–0.88). Challenges associated with having a program were lack of employee interest (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.44–3.03), lack of space (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.26–2.48), and demonstrating program results (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.44–3.03). These findings can provide insights to policy makers, insurers, and employers seeking to implement workplace-based health promotion initiatives.
A GFEM-based reduced-order homogenization model for heterogeneous materials under volumetric and interfacial damage

Abstract This manuscript presents a multiscale reduced-order modeling framework for heterogeneous materials that accounts for both cohesive interface failure and continuum damage. The model builds on the eigendeformation-based reduced-order homogenization model (EHM), which relies on the pre-calculation of a set of coefficient tensors that account for the effects of linear and nonlinear material behavior between regions of the domain known as parts. A k-means clustering algorithm is used to optimally construct these parts and a new formulation for the partitioning of interfaces using this method is proposed. The extraction of the volumetric and interfacial influence functions is performed using the Interface-enriched Generalized Finite Element Method (IGFEM), which relies on a finite element discretization that does not conform to the material phase boundaries. A Lagrange multiplier method is used in this preprocessing phase, allowing for the reuse of the matrix factorization for different influence function problems and hence leading to efficiency improvement. A newly proposed traction calculation for the interface partition is also adopted to alleviate the instability caused by traction calculations along interfaces. The accuracy and efficiency of the IGFEM–EHM method is assessed through comparison with reference IGFEM simulations. The method is then used to extract the nonlinear multiscale response of particulate, unidirectional fiber-reinforced, and woven composites.
The impact of leukapheresis on immune-cell number and function in patients with advanced cancer

Leukapheresis is often performed in cancer patients to harvest stem cells, manufacture therapeutic vaccines, or follow immunologic response to therapy. We have recently described the minimal impact of leukapheresis on normal donors. Here we provide additional immunologic data from patients with advanced cancer who underwent leukapheresis. Using data from cancer patients on clinical trials who had leukapheresis (n = 64) or peripheral blood draws only (n = 90) as controls for immune analysis, we evaluated the impact of leukapheresis on number and function of lymphocytes. In the leukapheresis group, median age was 63.5 (range 38–82); 87.5 % were male. Comparing pre- and post-leukapheresis values within the groups, with each patient as its own control, there was no significant difference in enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT), antivector humoral response, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), or T cell number. Twelve patients completed three leukaphereses with subsequent ELISPOT analysis; seven had increased responses to flu (1.1- to 2.3-fold) with an even distribution around no change. Nineteen patients had matched ALC values after completing three leukaphereses with no significant change from baseline. These data provide evidence that leukapheresis has no detectable effects on a cancer patient’s immune system in terms of number or function. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence refuting the hypothesis that a patient’s immune competence is meaningfully affected by the procedure. Limitations include a restriction to 2-L leukapheresis procedure and small sample size.
Tissue Oxygen Pressure and Oxygen Sensing by the Carotid Body

A new optical technique for measuring oxygen, oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence, has been developed for the study of tissue oxygenation in vivo and in vitro. Using phosphorescence imaging techniques it has been possible to obtain preliminary three-dimensional maps of oxygen distribution within growing tumors and the surrounding host tissue. These maps show that the oxygen levels in tumors have high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity but that tumors are generally more hypoxic than the host tissue. The lowest oxygen pressures are found in the growing edge where new tissue is being formed. Sensing of oxygen pressure in tissues is central to the homeostatic regulation of oxygen supply, and the carotid body is one of the premier sensory tissues of the body. The afferent neural activity increases manyfold as the arterial oxygen pressure falls from about 100 to near 0 torr. In the isolated cat carotid body perfused with a medium equilibrated with a gas containing CO: O2: CO2 at approximately 72%, 23%, and 5%, respectively, afferent neural activity increased approximately 20 fold above that for N2:O2: CO2, of 72%, 23% and 5%, respectively, to near the maximal values obtained as 02 approached zero. The effect of CO on afferent activity was reversed by bright light. The decrease in activity induced by nonsaturating intensities of monochromatic light were corrected to equal light intensity and plotted against the wavelength of the light. The resulting “action spectrum” is the absorption spectrum of the CO compound of mitochondrial cytochrome a 3. The oxygen-sensing activity attributable to cytochrome a 3 accounts for at least 80% of the total activity of the carotid body.
Psychogenic Tremor: A Video Guide to Its Distinguishing Features

Background : Psychogenic tremor is the most common psychogenic movement disorder. It has characteristic clinical features that can help distinguish it from other tremor disorders. There is no diagnostic gold standard and the diagnosis is based primarily on clinical history and examination. Despite proposed diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of psychogenic tremor can be challenging. While there are numerous studies evaluating psychogenic tremor in the literature, there are no publications that provide a video/visual guide that demonstrate the clinical characteristics of psychogenic tremor. Educating clinicians about psychogenic tremor will hopefully lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. Methods : We selected videos from the database at the Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic at Baylor College of Medicine that illustrate classic findings supporting the diagnosis of psychogenic tremor. Results : We include 10 clinical vignettes with accompanying videos that highlight characteristic clinical signs of psychogenic tremor including distractibility, variability, entrainability, suggestibility, and coherence. Discussion : Psychogenic tremor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with tremor, particularly if it is of abrupt onset, intermittent, variable and not congruous with organic tremor. The diagnosis of psychogenic tremor, however, should not be simply based on exclusion of organic tremor, such as essential, parkinsonian, or cerebellar tremor, but on positive criteria demonstrating characteristic features. Early recognition and management are critical for good long-term outcome.
La reclusión de mujeres rebeldes: el recogimiento en la guerra de independencia mexicana, 1810-1819

Los papeles que desempenaron las mujeres en la guerra de independencia de Mexico son relativamente desconocidos. La principal reaccion de los espanoles ante esta participacion era recluirlas en casas de recogidas, lugares de estilo reformatorio. La guerra de independencia transformo la practica social y correccional de recogimiento en una estrategia militar y politica. Los registros de las casas de recogidas demuestran que una porcion significativa de mujeres mexicanas, de diferentes perfiles, participaron en la insurgencia. Apoyaron la causa revolucionaria mediante el reclutamiento de soldados realistas, el suministro de armas y provisiones, el espionaje, las conspiraciones y la lucha militar
Some Formalism and Predictions of the Period-Doubling Onset of Chaos

Publisher Summary This chapter presents predictions of the period-doubling onset of chaos. Any dynamical variable demonstrates a systematic doubling of its period prior to the aperiodic limit signaling the onset of chaos. As different parts of the spectrum have different geometric scalings, a geometric mean of the n-th level spectral lines is a more significant average than the mean of the squares. As the parameter increases, the n-th level lines slightly increase until they saturate after several further period doublings. This increase is uniform for each level of introduced spectral lines from which it follows that properties 1–5. are equally valid with in a spectrum at fixed λ for all intermediate values of n.
Evidence of yttrium silicate inclusions in YSZ-porcelain veneers

This report introduces the discovery of crystalline defects that can form in the porcelain veneering layer when in contact with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). The focus was on dental prostheses and understanding the defects that form in the YSZ/porcelain system; however the data reported herein may have broader implications toward the use and stability of YSZ-based ceramics in general. Specimens were cut from fully sintered YSZ plates and veneering porcelain was applied (<1 mm thick) to one surface and fired under manufacturer's recommended protocol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with integrated electron dispersive X-ray (EDAX) was used for microstructural and elemental analysis. EDAX, for chemical analysis and transmission electron diffraction (TED) for structural analysis were both performed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Additionally, in order to spatially resolve Y-rich precipitates, micro-CT scans were conducted at varying depths within the porcelain veneer. Local EDAX (SEM) was performed in the regions of visible inclusions and showed significant increases in yttrium concentration. TEM specimens also showed apparent inclusions in the porcelain and selected area electron diffraction was performed on these regions and found the inclusions to be crystalline and identified as either yttrium-silicate (Y2 SiO5 ) or yttrium-disilicate (Y2 Si2 O7 ). Micro-CT data showed that yttrium-silicate precipitates were distributed throughout the thickness of the porcelain veneer. Future studies are needed to determine whether many of the premature failures associated with this materials system may be the result of crystalline flaws that form as a result of high temperature yttrium diffusion near the surfaces of YSZ.