cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered mental status and agitation.

Dr. Adelaide Evans: Today’s case is that of a 25-yearold man with a change in mental status. Paramedics were called to the patient’s house by his wife, who reported that the patient was wandering naked in the apartment building pounding on the doors of his neighbors. According to the patient’s wife, he had become increasingly confused over the past 3 days, associated with nausea and vomiting, malaise, and headache. The past medical history was significant for psoriasis, asthma, and polysubstance abuse. He was on no medications and had no drug allergies. Family history was unremarkable. The patient was married and unemployed, formerly worked as a painter, and now cares for his grandmother. The wife reported that he used 1⁄2 pack cigarettes per day, as well as daily use of marijuana, occasional cocaine use, frequent use of ecstasy, no IV drug use, and no alcohol use. On arrival in the Emergency Department (ED), the patient was awake and alert, confused, agitated, and diaphoretic. Dr. Eric Nadel: Are there any questions about the initial presentation? Dr. Paul Biddinger: Was a finger stick glucose obtained prior to patient transport and was naloxone administered? Also, was there any evidence found by the paramedics leading to suspicion of toxic ingestion? Dr. Evans: A fingerstick glucose was 120 mg/dL. Naloxone 2 mg intramuscularly (IM) was administered without effect. Paramedics reported no open pill bottles or other signs of toxic ingestions. Dr. Jessica Peters: Given his history of psoriasis and asthma, has he recently been on immunosuppressive agents such as steroids? Dr. Evans: According to the patient’s wife, the patient has never used prednisone. On arrival in the ED, vital signs were: temperature 36.4°C (97.6°F), pulse 54 beats per minute, blood pressure 151/37 mm Hg (left arm), 177/39 mm Hg (right arm), respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 100% on 2 liters nasal canula. In general, the patient was a well-developed man with waxing and waning mental status who was intermittently lucid. Pupils were 4 mm and reactive bilaterally. The neck was supple without meningismus. The lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally. Heart tones were regular with normal S1 and S2; there was a 3/6 diastolic murmur. The abdomen was soft, nontender, and nondistended with normal bowel sounds. There was no costovertebral angle tenderness. Extremities revealed a few psoriatic lesions; there was no edema or petechiae. Femoral and dorsalis pedis pulses were bounding. Neurologic examination revealed the patient was intermittently oriented, with periods of agitation and confusion. Motor and sensory examinations were grossly normal. The patient was able to ambulate without ataxia. Are there any thoughts as to the initial evaluation or management decisions? Dr. Michelle Finkel: As with any patient who presents with altered mental status, infectious causes, especially meningitis, must be ruled out, even without men-
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Quasi-One-Dimensional Copper(II) Phosphate, Ba(2)Cu(PO(4))(2).

Crystals of Ba(2)Cu(PO(4))(2) have been grown in a low-temperature eutectic flux of 32% KCl and 68% CuCl (mp = 140 degrees C). The X-ray single-crystal structure analysis shows that this barium copper(II) phosphate crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice with a = 12.160(4) A, b = 5.133(4) A, c = 6.885(4) A, beta = 105.42(4) degrees, and V = 414.3(4) A(3); C2/m (No. 12); Z = 2. The structure has been refined by the least-squares method to a final solution with R = 0.020, R(w) = 0.026, and GOF = 1.05. The framework of the title compound consists of [Cu(PO(4))(2)](infinity) linear chains with Ba(2+) cations residing between these parallel chains. The chains are composed of an array of Cu(2+) cations that are doubly bridged by PO(4) anions. Each pair of bridging PO(4) tetrahedra are in a staggered configuration above and below the CuO(4) square plane, resulting in a linear chain with a long Cu---Cu separation distance, 5.13 A ( identical withb). This quasi-one-dimensional framework is unusual among the Cu(2+)-based phosphates. Magnetic susceptibility data shows Curie-Weiss paramagnetic behavior in the range of ca. 190-300 K and a possible antiferro-to-ferromagnetic transition at approximately 8 K. In this paper, the synthesis, structure, and properties of the title compound are presented. A structural comparison to a closely related vanadyl (VO)(2+) phosphate, Ba(2)(VO)(PO(4))(2).H(2)O, as well as Na(2)CuP(2)O(7) will be discussed.
Diversity from Emojis and Keywords in Social Media

Social media is a popular source for political communication and user engagement around social and political issues. While the diversity of the population participating in social and political events in person are often considered for social science research, measuring the diversity representation within online communities is not a common part of social media analysis. This paper attempts to fill that gap and presents a methodology for labeling and analyzing diversity in a social media sample based on emojis and keywords associated with gender, skin tone, sexual orientation, religion, and political ideology. We analyze the trends of diversity related themes and the diversity of users engaging in the online political community during the leadup to the 2018 U.S. midterm elections. Our results reveal patterns along diversity themes that otherwise would have been lost in the volume of content. Further, the diversity composition of our sample of online users rallying around political campaigns was similar to those measured in exit polls on election day. The diversity language model and methodology for diversity analysis presented in this paper can be adapted to other languages and applied to other research domains to provide social media researchers a valuable lens to identify the diversity of voices and topics of interest for the less-represented populations participating in an online social community.
(RE)DISCOVERING METACOGNITIVE LISTENING STRATEGIES IN L1 CONTEXTS: WHAT STRATEGIES ARE THE SAME IN THE L1 AND L2 CONTEXT?

Research in metacognitive listening strategies in first language (L1) listening is in its infancy. The research presented here, which is the first study in a larger research program, compares the s...
Tolerance and Withdrawal in Critically Ill Children

Analgesia and sedation are commonly administered to critically ill children to treat pain, provide amnesia, and facilitate interaction with mechanical ventilation and other therapeutic interventions. The development of pain and sedation assessment tools validated in critically ill children has optimized analgosedation delivery. While improved critical care has decreased mortality, new morbidities, including those secondary to prolonged analgosedation administration, are being identified. Tolerance is positively associated with synthetic opioids and continuous infusions. Drug dose and duration of exposure to opioids, benzodiazepines, and dexmedetomidine correlate with increased risk for iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome. Management strategies include multimodal analgesia, regional anesthesia, targeted sedation to reduce drug exposure, IWS screening with validated tools, and slow weaning of analgosedative infusions with or without transition to intermittent receptor-specific replacement agents. Large-scale studies need to be performed to identify drug dosing regimens and develop clinical practice guidelines to prevent and manage tolerance and withdrawal.
Tug-of-War: the Pull of Formal Institutional Practices and Structures and the Desire for Personal Change

This scholarship utilized self-study methodology to examine the first author’s experience as a non-formal educator and non-formal teacher educator within the context of making and tinkering with elementary-aged students and university students. Through analysis of multiple forms of data, tensions arose and took shape through my interactions with both sets of students as we navigated and negotiated our roles and actions within two activity systems—a formal learning environment (i.e. university course) and a non-formal learning environment (i.e. the makerspace). These tensions included (a) the framing and implementation of the making task, (b) my authority and power as the making “expert” and teacher educator, and (c) undergraduate students’ lack of competence and knowledge in making and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The push and pull or tug-of-war of my personal existence within and between the 2 activity systems are highlighted within these tensions as my ways of being were bounded and constrained by formal schooling practices and structures. The tensions should challenge teacher educators to consider the role of non-formal educators in shaping how we work with students of all ages. This involves developing and maintaining shared practices, knowledges, and discourses (i.e. third space), and an understanding of how postmodern perspectives may uncover our notions of “education.”
Warmer temperature increases toxicokinetic elimination of PCBs and PBDEs in Northern leopard frog larvae (Lithobates pipiens).

Abstract We studied the temperature dependence of accumulation and elimination of two polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; PCB-70 and PCB-126) and a commercial mixture of congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; DE-71™)) in Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles. We reared tadpoles at 18, 23, or 27 °C for 5.3 or up to 13.6 weeks (longer at cooler temperature where development is slower) on diets containing the toxicants, each at several different toxicant concentrations, and compared tissue concentrations as a function of food concentration and rearing temperature. Following > 1 month of accumulation, tissue concentrations of all three toxicants in exposed tadpoles were linearly related to dietary concentrations as expected for first order kinetics, with no significant effect of rearing temperature.We also raised free-swimming L. pipiens tadpoles for 14 days on foods containing either toxicant at 18 or 27 °C during an accumulation phase, and then during depuration (declining toxicant) phase of 14 days we provided food without toxicants and measured the decline of toxicants in tadpole tissue. All the congeners were eliminated faster at warmer rearing temperature, as expected. Using Arrhenius’ equation, we calculated that the apparent activation energy for elimination of both PCB congeners by tadpoles was 1.21 eV (95% confidence interval 0.6–1.8 eV). We discuss how this value was within the range of estimates for metabolic reactions generally (range 0.2 – 1.2 eV), which might include metabolic pathways for biotransformation and elimination of PCBs. Furthermore, we discuss how the lack of an effect of rearing temperature on tadpole near-steady-state tissue residue levels suggests that faster elimination at the warmer temperature was balanced by faster uptake, which is plausible considering the similar temperature sensitivities (i.e., activation energies) of all these processes. Although interactions between toxicants and temperature can be complex and likely toxicant-dependent, it is plausible that patterns observed in tadpoles might apply to other aquatic organisms. Published data on depuration in 11 fish species eliminating 8 other organic toxicants indicated that they also had similar apparent activation energy for elimination (0.82 ± 0.12 eV; 95% confidence interval 0.56 – 1.08 eV), even though none of those studied toxicants were PCBs or PBDEs. Additional research on toxicant-temperature interactions can help improve our ability to predict toxicant bioaccumulation in warming climate scenarios.
Mediational Effects on Motivation to Quit Smoking After Exposure to a Cigarette Pictorial Warning Label Among Young Adults.

BACKGROUND Young adults are vulnerable to cigarette package marketing. Pictorial warning labels are recommended for tobacco control. Research should address questions raised in legal challenges including causal mechanisms. Evidence is mixed and understudied among young adults (e.g., discrete emotions and risk perceptions). PURPOSE This study investigated mediators of pictorial warning label effects on motivation to quit smoking among young adult smokers. METHODS This study analyzed data from a randomized trial with a 4 week exposure to a cigarette pictorial warning among young adult smokers (N = 229) aged 18-30 with assessments at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 3 months. Mediation analyses used latent change scores to test the effects post-intervention on fear, anger, and risk perceptions. We also examined whether post-intervention measures predicted change in motivation to quit smoking at 3 months. The first model assessed aggregate risk perceptions and the second model assessed discrete risk perceptions (deliberative, affective). RESULTS Pictorial warning label exposure led to increases in fear which led to increased motivation to quit smoking for the first (B = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.26) and second (B = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) model. Exposure modestly increased motivation to quit by way of fear and affective risk perceptions (B = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.04). Exposure had a direct relationship on increased motivation to quit as well. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate factors contributing to change in motivation to quit smoking among young adult smokers after pictorial warning label exposure. Affective processes are mediators of pictorial warning label effects.
On law as poetry: Shelley and Tocqueville

Consonant with the ongoing “aesthetic turn” in legal scholarship, this article pursues a new conception of law as poetry. Gestures in this law-as-poetry direction appear in all three main schools i...
Repeated antigen exposure reverses endogenous CD8 T cell tolerance and is potentiated by IL-4 (MUC8P.804)

Elucidating the induction, maintenance, and reversal of self-tolerant CD8 T cells is imperative for understanding the development and progression of autoimmunity, as well as cancer. Using a mouse model that permits examination of responses to small intestinal self-antigen, we can evaluate endogenous polyclonal self-specific T cells that have undergone tolerance induction. This established CD8 T cell tolerance can be reversed after repeated antigen delivery, generating large numbers of activated, functional endogenous self-specific T cells. Interestingly, this response is reduced in IL-4 limiting conditions suggesting a mechanistic role for IL-4 in self-reactive CD8 T cells responses. We hypothesize that IL-4 is required for self-specific CD8 T cell selection, survival and/or responses to cognate antigen. We show that while IL-4 does not act directly on CD8 T cells, it does impact their proliferation, especially during Ag recognition. Interestingly, we can detect self-reactive T cells that have escaped thymic selection in unmanipulated mice, but these remain naive, despite the presence of large amounts of cognate MHC:Ag complexes. Future studies will focus on elucidating the function and origin of IL-4 in self-specific responses and understanding properties of endogenous, polyclonal self-specific CD8 T cells in negatively selecting environments.
Supporting the emergence of women's entrepreneurship

Purpose – There are a number of reasons why entrepreneurship has struggled in the Japanese context. Since the historical period from post‐war Japan until the 1990s, a large‐firm “institutional logic” prevailed. For example, in post‐war Japan, large dominant firms emerged that were supported by government policies and heavily structured around sub‐contracting. Such firms strongly influenced Japanese human and financial capital and, because they offered life‐time employment along with better pay and benefits, they quickly became the employment of choice for talented individuals. As a result, few talented people chose to become entrepreneurs, which in turn led to a cycle of sluggish venture capital investment and the perception of high risk. This short perspective‐style article aims to focus on the recent institutional changes in Japan which appear to have led to more women engaging in entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach – This is a practitioner‐oriented piece reporting on work being done to support...
Wilms' tumor in an adult

A case of a Wilms' tumor in a 67-year-old man is presented. The confusion in terminology and histology is discussed. It is often insufficiently appreciated that renal cell carcinoma is a structurally versatile neoplasm and may present a spindle cell or sarcomatous appearance in areas, and thus resemble a nephroblastoma. However, the pivotal histologic feature of a Wilms' tumor is the presence of immature glomerulotubular structures, and absence of this fetal renal tissue in an adult tumor indicates that it is probably an anaplastic renal cell carcinoma. Although from 79 to 133 cases of adult Wilms' tumor have been reported previously, many are poorly documented, and it is suggested that most are actually anaplastic renal cell carcinomas.
The Spatio-Temporal Ritual Practice of the Fifty-Two-Year Calendar in Mesoamerica

Introducing a new theoretical category in religious studies, "ritual practice of time," this essay constitutes an analysis about rituals of the structure of space and time of the Aztec fifty-two-year calendar in Mesoamerica. Time and space, completed and exhausted at the termination of the fifty-two-year cycle, had to be symbolically renewed and recreated in a fifty-two-year ritual. Challenging the view held by numerous Mesoamericanists, 1 demonstrate that the ritual practice of time of the related 365-day calendar ("New Year ritual") was not spatio-temporal in a horizontal quadripartite manner. Given that only one world or cardinal direction of the world was ritually observed, a symbolic re-enactment of the creation myth could not be executed since it would take four consecutive "New Year rituals" of four years to symbolically define the quadripartite earth. Conversely, the fifty-two-year ritual (and the 260-day ritual) could, in principle, have this very significant meaning and function.
Modulation of neuronal activity by target uncertainty

Visual scenes are composed of many elements and although we can appreciate a scene as a whole, we can only move our eyes to one element of the scene at a time. As visual scenes become more complex, the number of potential targets in the scene increases, and the uncertainty that any particular one will be selected for an eye movement also increases. How motor systems accommodate this target uncertainty remains unknown. The activities of neurons in both the cerebral cortex and superior colliculus are modulated by this selection process. We reasoned that activity associated with target uncertainty should be evident in the saccadic motor system at the final stages of neural processing, in the superior colliculus. By systematically changing the number of stimuli from which a selection must be made and recording from superior colliculus neurons, we found that as the target uncertainty increased, the neural activity preceding target selection decreased. These results indicate that neurons within the final common pathway for movement generation are active well in advance of the selection of a particular movement. This early activity varies with the probability that a particular movement will be selected.
Hybrid negotiation for resource coordination in multiagent systems

In this paper, we present a coordination approach to resource allocation problem in multiagent systems. Agents adaptively coordinate resources among themselves to handle resource shortage crises resulted from events they encounter in dynamic, uncertain, real-time, and noisy environments. The coordination approach is implemented with a hybrid negotiation mechanism. The hybrid negotiation mechanism combines competitive and cooperative negotiations. In competitive negotiations, agents are self-interested and negotiate to maximize their individual performance; while in cooperative negotiations, agents are altruistic and negotiate to find a solution to help others. We define a hybrid negotiation model based on the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architecture of agents, and implement the model with a specific negotiation protocol and strategy. To help agents negotiate better, we equip agents with profiling and learning capabilities. Agents profile others and learn the negotiation experience to make decisions on with whom to negotiate, and how to negotiate. We have implemented a multiagent system for coordinating the CPU resource allocation among agents based on the hybrid negotiation mechanism and conducted a series of experiments. The experimental results show that our coordination approach to resource allocation is able to reduce resource shortage crises, make the multiagent system adaptive to the variation of load, and provide efficient resource coordination among autonomous agents. The experimental results also show that the hybrid negotiation mechanism is stable for resource coordination in complex environments.
Embryo slices and strips: guidance and adhesion assays in the avian embryo.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes two preparations developed in the laboratories that in large part replicate the complexity of the embryonic milieu and the numerous factors that affect cell interactions and guidance, and that nonetheless offer the pliability and visibility of tissue culture. These preparations use the avian embryo that is particularly valuable in elucidating elements of motoneuron and neural crest cell guidance. While slice preparations are used in chick for other purposes, the preparations described are particularly useful for dissecting guidance interactions by visualizing movements and interactions of cells and growth cones either in situ or seeded onto complex embryonic environments. These slices, like the better studied slices of the central nervous system used for neurophysiological studies, maintain many characteristics of the intact embryo and allow developmental and physiological events to be directly observed and manipulated in a more normal environment. Somite strips are a hybrid in vivo–in vitro assay that exposes anterior and posterior sclerotomes to view and yet retains in culture both the segmental architecture and the typical molecular characteristics, such as differential binding to peanut agglutinin lectin. Labeled neurons or cells sprinkled directly on the strip are visible and have direct access to guidance cues.
LABELING EFFECTS OF FIRST JUVENILE ARRESTS: SECONDARY DEVIANCE AND SECONDARY SANCTIONING

A growing literature suggests that juvenile arrests perpetuate offending and increase the likelihood of future arrests. The effect on subsequent arrests is generally regarded as a product of the perpetuation of criminal offending. However, increased rearrest also may reflect differential law enforcement behavior. Using longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) together with official arrest records, the current study estimates the effects of first arrests on both reoffending and rearrest. Propensity score methods were used to control differences between arrestees and nonarrestees and to minimize selection bias. Among 1,249 PHDCN youths, 58 individuals were first arrested during the study period; 43 of these arrestees were successfully matched to 126 control cases that were equivalent on a broad set of individual, family, peer, and neighborhood factors. We find that first arrests increased the likelihood of both subsequent offending and subsequent arrest, through separate processes. The effects on rearrest are substantially greater and are largely independent of the effects on reoffending, which suggests that labels trigger "secondary sanctioning" processes distinct from secondary deviance processes. Attempts to ameliorate deleterious labeling effects should include efforts to dampen their escalating punitive effects on societal responses. Language: en
Cross-reactivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antipilin monoclonal antibodies with heterogeneous strains of P. aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia.

Abstract Much of the morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is secondary to pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, more recently, with Pseudomonas cepacia. Prevention of colonization and subsequent infection would be a useful therapeutic strategy. The pili (fimbriae) of P. aeruginosa are a potential vaccine antigen, as they have been implicated in binding to respiratory epithelium and appear to have limited antigenic diversity. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised to P. aeruginosa pilin demonstrated significant cross-reactivity, as four of five P. aeruginosa strains with known pilin sequences and 10 of 15 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates hybridized by immunoblot with at least one of the three MAbs tested. The P. cepacia strains demonstrated minimal cross-reactivity with these MAbs, as only 2 of 16 strains hybridized immunologically. The three MAbs decreased the adherence of 35S-labeled P. aeruginosa PA1244 to bovine tracheal cells by 56, 45, and 31%. One of these MAbs decreased the adherence of strains P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. cepacia 249 to CF epithelial cells by 46 and 25%, respectively. While antibodies to Pseudomonas pili must be shown to be protective in patients with CF, these studies give support for a multivalent vaccine strategy using P. aeruginosa pilin as the immunogen.
Physical symptoms as a predictor of health care use and mortality among older adults

Purpose To describe the patterns of physical symptoms in older adults and to examine the validity of symptoms in predicting hospitalization and mortality. Subjects and methods Adults aged 60 years and older (N=3498) who completed screening for self-reported symptoms at routine primary care visits. Self-reported symptoms were collected using an abbreviated PRIME-MD screening instrument. Clinical characteristics, hospitalization, and mortality in the year following screening were measured using data taken from a comprehensive electronic medical record. Results The mean patient age was 69 years, 69% were women, and 56% were African-American. A majority (51%) of respondents characterized their health as fair or poor. The most commonly reported symptoms were musculoskeletal pain (65%), fatigue (55%), back pain (45%), shortness of breath (41%), and difficulty sleeping (38%). A summary score of physical symptoms (range 0–12) was a significant independent predictor of future hospitalization and death even when controlling for clinical characteristics, chronic medical conditions, self-rated health, and affective symptoms. Disease-specific symptoms were more common among patients diagnosed with the specific condition but there was also a substantial background prevalence of these symptoms. Conclusion Physical symptoms are highly prevalent in older primary care patients and predict hospitalization and mortality at one year. Future work is needed to determine how to target symptoms as a potential mechanism to reduce health care use and mortality.
Intravenous sedation for placement of automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

Objective: To evaluate a change in anesthetic technique for transvenous placement of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: A university hospital. Participants: Twenty-eight patients who underwent placement of ICDs. Interventions: Thirteen patients had the ICD placed via the transvenous approach with general anesthesia (group GA). Fifteen patients had the ICD placed via the transvenous approach with intravenous sedation (group IV). Measurements and Main Results: Intraoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in group IV compared with group GA. The ICD was successfully placed in all patients in both groups. There were no intraoperative complications noted in either group during induction of fibrillation and defibrillation, and there was no recall by any patient in either group. The average hospital stay was significantly less in group IV (1.8 days) compared with group GA (3.4 days). Conclusions: Intravenous sedation for the placement of ICDs is a safe and effective technique. Patients who had their ICD placed while receiving intravenous sedation experienced higher intraoperative blood pressures and were discharged from the hospital earlier than those patients who received general anesthesia.
Cyclooxygenase-2 modulates brain inflammation-related gene expression in central nervous system radiation injury.

Abstract Although the contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to peripheral inflammation is well documented, little is known about its role in brain inflammation. For this purpose we studied COX-2 expression in the mouse brain following ionizing radiation in vivo, as well as in murine glial cell cultures in vitro. The possible role of COX-2 in modulating brain inflammation was examined utilizing NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Our results indicate that COX-2 is significantly induced in astrocyte and microglial cultures by radiation injury as well as in brain. Increased levels of prostaglandin E 2 in irradiated brain were reduced by NS-398. Moreover, NS-398 administration significantly attenuated levels of induction for the majority of inflammatory mediators examined, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, ICAM-1, and MMP-9. In contrast, the chemokines MIP-2 and MCP-1 showed enhanced levels of induction following NS-398 administration. These results indicate that COX-2 modulates the inflammatory response in brain following radiation injury, and suggest the use of COX-2 selective inhibitors for the management of CNS inflammation.
Electronic structure of Pd-based bulk metallic glasses

Abstract From high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Pd x Ni (80− x ) P 20 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) we observe bonding states in the ternary glasses that cannot be simulated by linear combinations of the valence bands of the binaries. Thus, the bonding in the ternary glasses is qualitatively different from those of the binary alloys of this composition range. Further, we observe that there are more such states in Pd 40 Ni 40 P 20 than in Pd 40.5 Cu 40.5 P 19 , explaining the greater glass-formability of the former. Within the bulk glass formation range, 30⩽ x ⩽60, the valence band of the most stable glass, Pd 40 Ni 40 P 20 , is found to be a linear combination of those of the glasses at the extremes of this range. Comparison of XPS core level binding energies of glasses and crystals in Pd x Ni (80− x ) P 20 show that the electronic structure of glasses is closest to that of the corresponding crystals at x =30, which agrees with a minimum in the heat of crystallization for this composition.
228Th/228Ra ages of a barite-rich chimney from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Ages in the range 1–15 yr for chimneys deposited from hydrothermal vents from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge are estimated based on the ingrowth of228Th from228Ra. Cleaning samples by digestion in an acid bath confirms that the mineral barite is the phase being dated. A detailed examination of sample ALV 2463 R7 collected from the Clam Bed Site yielded a vertical growth rate of 5.8 cm/yr and a radial growth rate of 2.6 cm/yr. This investigation revealed that this chimney did not grow in a regular layer by layer accretion. Therefore, an average of ages obtained from several barite crystals a few centimeters apart (<10 cm) was used to define the age of each segment. Ages obtained from the sulfide-rich Main Field Site sample ALV 2466 R5 suggest that the barite in this sample is from late-stage precipitation, in contrast to the Clam Bed sample where barite formed the primary matrix. These samples conform to different models of barite incorporation into hydrothermal chimneys.
Thermopower of the Hubbard model: Effects of multiple orbitals and magnetic fields in the atomic limit

We consider strongly correlated systems described by the multiorbital Hubbard model in the atomic limit and obtain exact expressions for the chemical potential and thermopower. We show that these expressions reduce to the Heikes formula in the appropriate limits $({k}_{B}T⪢U)$ and $({k}_{B}T⪡U)$ and obtain the full temperature dependence in between these regimes. We also investigate the effect of a magnetic field introduced through a Zeeman term and observe that the thermopower of the multiorbital Hubbard model displays spikes as a function of magnetic field at certain special values of the field. This effect might be observable in experiments for materials with a large magnetic coupling.
The Averted Gaze

The literature of higher education and campus rhetoric convey the impression that academic change is rampant. Organizational gridlock and exceptionally limited change are more apt characterizations of campus life. Ethnographic studies of change in the academy would help to determine the validity of both assertions. The qualitative research community, however, appears to avoid studies of the academy. Reasons for a collective "averted gaze" are here examined.
Intermolecular Electron Transfer by Quantum Mechanical Tunneling

The transfer of electrons from one molecule to another by quantum mechanical tunneling has recently been implicated in biological electron transport. This report describes observations of electron transfer between aromatic molecules in a rigid matrix, in which electrons apparently tunnel through tens of angstroms of inert solvent. The kinetics tend to confirm the tunneling process, which is likely to be an important means of electron transfer when diffusion is blocked by steric factors or immobilization of the reactants.
A Method of Basing Adjustments in Purchase Prices for Grain on Yields (1)

Grain purchase prices now in effect were set on the basis of average yields and costs of production in various zones over several years. In drought areas of the country, however, crop yields substantially diverge from the average yield over several years depending on conditions. In this situation unalterable purchase prices would make it possible for collective farms to get unjustifiably high incomes in high-yield years, which would lessen the stimulating effect of prices on raising labor productivity and lowering production costs. In years of poor harvests such purchase prices may lead to serious financial difficulties for the collective farms.
Hopelessness predicts future depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of cognitive vulnerability and cognitive content specificity

Beck's content specificity hypothesis predicts distinct cognitive content within specific psychological disorders. We evaluated whether the third component of the "cognitive triad", negative view of the future (hopelessness), would be related 4 weeks later to depressive symptoms, but not to anxiety. University student participants (83 females, 71 males) were tested on the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory at two points in time, separated by 4 weeks. The Hopelessness Scale was administered at time 1 and a Life Events Inventory at time 2. Concurrent cognitive content specificity was replicated. For males only, hopelessness predicted future depression severity scores, but not anxiety. Hopelessness predicted depressive symptoms over and above life event stressors, but not vice versa.
Catalysis of Protein Folding by Agarose-Immobilized Protein Disulfide Isomerase

Abstract Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds during protein folding. PDI coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose retains its catalytic activity, and a column of this material increases both the rate and the yield for folding disulfide-containing proteins. For reduced, denatured ribonuclease, the overall yield of fully active ribonuclease isolated from the PDI column in one pass was 85-98% of the applied protein. Under the same conditions in the absence of PDI, ribonuclease regained only 16% of its native activity. The oxidative folding of reduced denatured lysozyme is complicated by aggregation so that in the absence of PDI optimal yields of only ≤ 25% are obtained at lysozyme concentrations of 1.6 mg/ml. When reduced, denatured lysozyme (1.6 mg/ml) is passed over a PDI column in 1-2 M urea in the presence of a glutathione redox buffer, the specific activity of the recovered lysozyme is identical to that of the native enzyme and the total recovery of the applied protein is 50-65%.
Synthesis of Some Amides and Amines Containing the 1,4-Benzodioxan Nucleus as Potential Adrenolytic Agents

Ten substituted 1,4-benzodioxan carboxamides and five substituted aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxans have been synthesized for evaluation as potential adrenolytic agents.
A new perspective on realizability of turbulence models

In the second-moment-closure (SMC) method of turbulence modelling, measures to ensure a realizable turbulence model are currently limited to constraining the Reynolds stress to physically plausible values. These constraints address neither the realizability of the other statistical moments (e.g. pressure–strain correlation) nor the underlying causes of unrealizable Reynolds stress. For achieving increased consistency with flow physics in SMC, we propose the additional requirement that the closure model for each of the unclosed statistical moments in the Reynolds stress equation be individually realizable. We then proceed to derive two realizability constraints on the rapid-pressure statistics: (i) the rapid pressure-gradient variance must be positive which leads to the requirement that the tensor must be positive semi-definite, and (ii) the rapid pressure–strain correlation closure must satisfy the Schwarz inequality. Calculations with currently popular models show that unrealizable rapid-pressure–strain correlation precedes unrealizable Reynolds stress. It is also demonstrated that when the Launder, Reece and Rodi (LRR) rapid-pressure–strain correlation model is modified (truncated) to satisfy the new constraints, Reynolds stress realizability is always preserved. These findings clearly indicate that an unrealizable closure model is the cause of Reynolds stress realizability violation and highlight the importance of the new constraints.
Percutaneous closure of an aneurysmal patent ductus arteriosus in an adult.

We report a case of a 24 year old woman with an aneurysmal patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) that was percutaneously closed using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II. This is the first report of the successful use of an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II for a PDA, and suggests the feasibility and safety of its utilization in select cases. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of photoaffinity labeling og P2-purinergic receptors of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens by arylazido aminopropionyl ATP and by arylazido aminobutyryl ATP

Two chemically related arylazido photoaffinity analogs of ATP (arylazido aminopropionyl ATP (ANAPP3) and arylazido aminobutyryl ATP (ANABP3)), which have been reported in the literature to differ in their ability to inhibit myosin ATPase, were compared for their ability to antagonize contractile responses of the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens to ATP. During photolysis in organ chambers the photoconversion (ΔA260/Δt) of ANAPP3 occured with greater than first order kinetics or was multiexponential and t12 = 7.5 min, while ΔA260/Δt for ANABP3 was first order and t12 = 2.25 min. After photolysis of these compounds in the presence of the guinea-pig vas deferens, using irradiation periods which caused 80% consumption of the compounds, ANABP3 was 2–3 times more potent than ANAPP3 in antagonizing contractions to ATP, which are mediated by P2-purinergic receptors. A comparison of concentration-response curves obtained for nonphotolyzed ANAPP3 and ANABP3 used as agonists suggested that the greater antagonism produced by photolyzed ANABP3 is not attributable to a greater potency. The results suggest that the longer 3′-hydroxyl-arylazide bridge length of ANABP3 places the arylnitrene intermediate in a position at or near the P2-receptor which is more favorable for covalent insertion.
Problems in designing with QCAs: Layout = Timing

SUMMARY The quantum cellular automata (QCA) is currently being investigated as an alternative to CMOS VLSI. While some simple logical circuits and devices have been studied, little if any work has been done in considering the architecture for systems of QCA devices. This work discusses the progress of one of the rst such eorts. Namely, the design of dataow components for a simple microprocessor being designed exclusively in QCA are discussed. Problems associated with initial designs and enumerated solutions to these problems (usually stemming from oorplanning techniques) are explained. Finally, areas of future research direction for circuit design in QCA are presented. Copyright ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When enough is too much: Communication apprehension and employee information experiences

This study examines the relationships between supervisor communication apprehension, employee communication apprehension, and employees' reports of information received from their supervisor. Results indicated that supervisor communication apprehension was negatively related to employees' reports of information received. Employee communication apprehension and employees' reports of information received from supervisors were not significantly related. Supervisor communication apprehension was negatively related to the information load reported by employees. Finally, a positive relationship was identified between employee communication apprehension and the information load reported by employees.
Average Nusselt number on the downward-facing heated plate

On applique le concept de deplacement virtuel pour trouver une correlation de forme close pour le nombre de Nusselt
The effects of plastocyanin on photophosphorylation.

Abstract 1. 1. A simplified procedure for the large-scale isolation and purification of plastocyanin from spinach chloroplasts is reported. After electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, a pure protein was obtained as judged by analytical gel electrophoresis and by the fact that it contained no arginine. 2. 2. Plastocyanin from spinach or cytochrome c 552 from Euglena stimulated the photoreduction of NADP + in subchloroplast particles prepared by prolonged exposure of chloroplasts to sonic oscillation. 3. 3. Photophosphorylation in the presence of pyocyanine or NADP + was enhanced by plastocyanin and cytochrome c 552 whereas ferricyanide- or N -methylphenazonium methosulfate-dependent phosphorylation was not. Dichlorophenyldimethylurea abolished cyclic phosphorylation with pyocyanine and with N -methylphenazonium methosulfate in red light. This inhibitor had much less effect on phosphorylation in the presence of partially reduced pyocyanine or N -methylphenazonium methosulfate in white light. 4. 4. Coupling factors 1 and 2 were required for optimal rates of pyocyanine- or NADP + -dependent phosphorylation.
Hungary as a destination 1960-1984.

Abstract This study examines the effects of macrostructural determinants on the choice of Hungary as a destination during the 1960–1984 period. It uses annual international tourist arrival and tourist-night data. General exit visa restrictions make a strong negative impact, while administrative constraints on travel to the West by some socialist states increase the likelihood of travel to Hungary. The analysis confirms that the home country's world-system position and military-political bloc affiliation simultaneously affect the direction of tourist flows. It also indicates that “behind” contemporary effects, there exists a layer of essentially invariant regional-historical flow patterns: East-Central European origins increase the propensity to participate in international tourism in Hungary.
Understanding evidence-based medicine: A primer

Abstract Evidenced-based medicine is the concept of formalizing the scientific approach to the practice of medicine for identification of “evidence” to support our clinical decisions. It requires an understanding of critical appraisal and the basic epidemiologic principles of study design, point estimates, relative risk, odds ratios, confidence intervals, bias, and confounding. By using this information, clinicians can categorize evidence, assess causality, and make evidence-based recommendations. Evidence-based medicine allows analysis of complicated material so that we can make the best possible clinical decisions for the populations we serve.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:275–78.)
Advances in Radiation Biology: Effect on Nuclear Medicine

Over the past 15 years and more, extensive research has been conducted on the responses of biological systems to radiation delivered at a low dose or low dose rate. This research has demonstrated that the molecular-, cellular-, and tissue-level responses are different following low doses than those observed after a single short-term high-dose radiation exposure. Following low-dose exposure, 3 unique responses were observed, these included bystander effects, adaptive protective responses, and genomic instability. Research on the mechanisms of action for each of these observations demonstrates that the molecular and cellular processes activated by low doses of radiation are often related to protective responses, whereas high-dose responses are often associated with extensive damage such as cell killing, tissue disruption, and inflammatory diseases. Thus, the mechanisms of action are unique for low-dose radiation exposure. When the dose is delivered at a low dose rate, the responses typically differ at all levels of biological organization. These data suggest that there must be a dose rate effectiveness factor that is greater than 1 and that the risk following low–dose rate exposure is likely less than that for single short-term exposures. All these observations indicate that using the linear no-threshold model for radiation protection purposes is conservative. Low-dose research therefore supports the current standards and practices. When a nuclear medical procedure is justified, it should be carried out with optimization (lowest radiation dose commensurate with diagnostic or therapeutic outcome).
Neurobiological Bases of Reading Comprehension: Insights From Neuroimaging Studies of Word-Level and Text-Level Processing in Skilled and Impaired Readers

For accurate reading comprehension, readers must first learn to map letters to their corresponding speech sounds and meaning, and then they must string the meanings of many words together to form a representation of the text. Furthermore, readers must master the complexities involved in parsing the relevant syntactic and pragmatic information necessary for accurate interpretation. Failure in this process can occur at multiple levels, and cognitive neuroscience has been helpful in identifying the underlying causes of success and failure in reading single words and in reading comprehension. In general, neurobiological studies of skilled reading comprehension indicate a highly overlapping language circuit for single-word reading, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension, with largely quantitative differences in a number of reading- and language-related areas. This article reviews relevant research from studies that have used neuroimaging techniques to study reading with a focus on the relationship ...