cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deregulation and public perceptions of television: A longitudinal study

The deregulation of television and resulting implications for programming and the public interest have been the focus of considerable debate. This study investigated perceptions of issues related to current policy, perceptions of the effectiveness of television in meeting informational needs, and whether perceptions have changed since deregulation. Significant differences were found between pre‐ and post‐deregulation attitudes toward policy‐related issues and the quantity of commercials on television. Perceptions of the amount of news broadcast, coverage of local issues, and the extent to which programming meets local needs revealed no significant change since deregulation. The results revealed strong public support for the requirement that broadcasters cover more than one side of controversial issues.
Fibrinogenolysis: the micromolecular derivatives.

Bovine fibrinogen was broken down by a streptokinase-activated human fibrinolysin. The large protein fragments were precipitated by picric acid and the supernatant was passed through a column of Dowex 2-X8 in order to remove the picrate. The colourless supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation and then chromatographed on aminex AG 50W-X2 using gradient elution with ammonium acetate buffers. Eleven main fractions were obtained. Rechromatography of the five larger fractions on aminex 15A and 150A showed that fraction I contained at least five peptides and fraction II another eight. Fraction V contained free lysine, traces of tryptophan and histidine, and two peptides, fraction VII free arginine and three peptides and fraction VIII nine peptides. The total number of acid-soluble peptides must be greater than 27, since six of the fractions of the supernatant were not examined.
Age and content influences on children's perceptions of the realism of television families

The perceived social realism of television series featuring families with children and adolescents was studied. For the two family series they watched the most, 460 2nd, 6th, and 10th graders indicated the percentage of real‐life American families they believed were like the television family on 13 different characteristics. Findings suggest that perceived social realism judgments are sensitive to content, as are developmental patterns in judgment. They further suggest that disparate findings among previous studies of age changes in perceived social realism may be explained by age, the content judged, the realism criterion used for judgment, and familiarity with both the content and its real‐life referents.
What is the Impact of Nutritional Status on Health-Related Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients?

Objectives To develop a nutrition-specific quality of life (NSQOL) questionnaire that combines the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool and the Food Enjoyment in Dialysis tool, and to measure the association between nutritional status and both the NSQOL and the generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in hemodialysis patients. Methods Cross-sectional study of 89 hemodialysis patients. Nutritional status was measured by subjective global assessment and biochemical indices, including serum albumin concentration. Adequacy of dialysis was also measured. To determine the correlation between quality of life and nutritional status, both the NSQOL and the HRQOL instruments were used. Results The mean NSQOL score for the entire cohort was 8.9 ± 4.5. The NSQOL was positively correlated with the mental component score (r = 0.52, P Conclusion We developed an NSQOL questionnaire by combining the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool and the Food Enjoyment in Dialysis tool. The NSQOL questionnaire is a rapid self-administered tool that can be used to assess appetite-related quality of life in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. This instrument correlated well with HRQOL indices in this cohort of hemodialysis patients.
Interactions of stopping K− mesons with nuclei and the neutron halo question

Abstract From a study of stopping K− meson interactions in a variety of elements located in a hydrogen bubble chamber, we find evidence for the existence of a substantial neutron halo in the periphery of heavy nuclei.
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 49. Thermolysis routes of mono- and diaminotetrazoles

Abstract The gas products from rapid thermolysis of aminotetrazoles are discussed in terms of their potential to affect the burn rate of a composite propellant. 1,5- and 2,5-diaminotetrazole decompose by two competitive reactions. One reaction gives HCN, NH 3 , and N 2 and the other gives NH 2 CN, NH 3 , and N 2 . The observed product ratios reflect the competition of these two reactions. No melamine-like cyclic azines form from the self-reaction of NH 2 CN because NH 2 CN is rapidly evolved from the sample into the cool Ar atmosphere of the cell. Noncompetitive decomposition reactions occur with 1- and 5-aminotetrazole. 1-ATZ produces HCN, NH 3 , and N 2 while 5-ATZ produces HN 3 and NH 2 CN. However, at 850 psia of Ar, 5-ATZ produces melamine-like cyclic azine and NH 4 N 3 aerosols. 5-ATZ is the only aminotetrazole that produces melamine-like products upon heating of the unconfined material.
Constitutive practice and institutional change: ethics and behavior

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the concepts contained in communities of practice theory (COPT) and how they might contribute to greater understanding of organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws upon COPT as a means to broaden the perspective of institutional theory.Findings – The findings provide insight into the processes surrounding organizational change. The notion of change as both intentional actions and unintended consequences is explored through a review of the case of Arthur Andersen and Company.Research limitations/implications – The study presents a historically informed case study that presents a novel theoretical approach for examinations of behavior, practices and ethics in organizations. Future work based on broader empirical examinations would enrich the findings presented in this study.Practical implications – The study provides a means to examine organizations in practice and expands awareness of how behaviors in organizations evolve and might be shaped and encour...
Aquatic Therapy for a Child with Type III Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration of alpha motor neurons. This case report describes an aquatic therapy program and the outcomes for a 3-year-old girl with type III SMA. Motor skills were examined using the 88-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2), and the GAITRite system. The child received aquatic therapy twice per week for 45-min sessions, for 14 weeks. The intervention included aquatic activities designed to improve gross motor skills and age-appropriate functional mobility. The GMFM total score improved by 11% following the intervention. The Standing Dimension score improved by 28% and the Walking, Running, and Jumping Dimension score improved by 18%. The gross motor quotient for the PDMS-2 improved from 66 to 74. The child's gait showed improvement in walking velocity, stride length, and single-limb support time as a percentage of the gait cycle. The outcomes of this case report demonstrate the successful improvement of gross motor function and gait in a 3-year-old child with SMA. This study provides clinical information for therapists utilizing aquatic therapy as a modality for children with neuromuscular disorders.
Articulatory Behaviors of Nonnative Speakers: Role of L2 Proficiency and Accent Modification:

To sound native-like, nonnative speakers need to approximate the articulatory patterns of native speakers. When nonnative speakers deviate from native speakers' production patterns, it gives rise to a nonnative accent. This study examines how proficiency in a second language (L2) is related to processing skills in L2, as measured by the accuracy of consonant production. 10 monolingual speakers of American English, 10 Bengali-English bilinguals with high proficiency in English, and 10 Bengali-English bilinguals with low proficiency in English participated. The participants spoke 16 nonwords of four different syllable lengths. Productions were phonetically transcribed. Results suggested that nonnative speakers' L2 proficiency differentially interacted with overall phonemic accuracy, usage of appropriate place, manner and voicing features, position of consonants within target words, and syllable length. Implications of these findings are discussed in light of customized strategies for modification of nonnati...
Effects of short-rotation controlled burning on amphibians and reptiles in pine woodlands

Fire is being used increasingly as a forest management tool throughout North America, but its effects on reptiles and amphibians in many ecosystems are unclear. Open woodlands with understories dominated by herbaceous vegetation benefit many wildlife species, but maintaining these woodlands requires fre- quent burning. Although many studies have compared herpetofaunal responses in burned forests to unburned forests, fewer studies have examined changes in the herpetofaunal community during the inter- val between short-rotation prescribed burns. We examined changes in habitat and relative abundance of reptiles and amphibians each year within a 3-year burn cycle in nine restored pine woodlands of western Arkansas, USA. Overall numbers of reptiles did not change among the three burn years; however, capture rates for one snake species (southern black racer (Coluber constrictor priapus)) and three lizards differed among the three post-burn years. Overall capture rate for anurans and all amphibians combined was greatest the first year after burning, mostly because captures of dwarf American toads (Bufo americanus charlessmithi) were substantially greater in stands the first year after burning. Salamander captures were infrequent. Capture rates of most reptile and amphibian species declined over the 3-year sampling period. Only minor changes in capture rate occurred among the 36 species we evaluated during the intervening years between frequent burns. Capture rates for only two species were lower the first year after fire. Although not all herpetofaunal species benefited from frequent fire, most species appeared to tolerate the frequent burning necessary for maintaining open pine woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Basiliximab in pediatric heart transplantation - initial experience

All had at least 2 determinations for postTx alloantibodies. Overall 229 samples were analyzed. Results: Twenty-two of 45 had preand/or postTx antiHLA-ab: 77% in A (17/22) and only 22% in B (5/23), p 0.0002. PreTx HLA-ab were present in 12 cases (27%): 8 class I II and 4 class I. Presensitization was more frequent in A (11/ 22 50%) than in B (1/ 23 4%, p 0.0005). Thirteen cases retained (8 cases) or developed (5 cases) antiHLA-ab during the 1st year postTx: 10 in A (50%) and 3 in B (13%), p 0.0008. Late after Tx ( 1year), antiHLA-ab were present in 8/18 (44%) in A and 3/22 (13.6%) in B (p 0.03). Eleven exhibited de novo antibodies at any time postTx (6 class I II, 4 class I and 1 class II): 7/22 in A (32%) and 4/23 in B (17%, p 0.0004). Four of 8 cases with CAD (50%) had preformed antiHLA-ab (3 retained postTx) compared to 8 of 37 without CAD (25.6%), small sample size for statistical analysis (p 0.09); none of CAD cases exhibited de novo antibodies. Conclusion: Preformed, persistent and de novo ELISA-detected antiHLA-ab were correlated with first-year acute rejection profile; further investigations with larger number of patients are needed to determine correlation with graft coronary disease.
Synthesis and properties of molybdenum(VI) peroxo compounds with imidazole and the X-ray structure of (C3H5N2)2[O{MoO(O2)2H2O}2], a novel imidazolium peroxo complex containing a μ-oxo bridged dimer

Abstract Crystalline peroxo molybdate(VI) complexes with imidazole are reported: (C3H5N2) 2[O{MoO(O2)2H2O}2] (1), MoO2(O2)(C3H4N2)2H2O (2) and K2MoO2(O2)2 (C3H4N2)4H2O (3). They represent the first peroxo metal compounds containing imidazole. IR spectra display characteristic ν(MoO) between 967 and 955 cm−1, and ν(OO) between 892 and 853 cm−1. The X-ray crystal structure of (1) shows the presence of a μ-oxo group bridging two pentagonal bipyramidal {MoO(O2)2H2O} moieties, each hydrogen bonded to an essentially planar imidazolium cation via one of the oxygens of a coordinated peroxo group.
The status attainment of young adults during market transition: The case of Vietnam

Research on post-socialist stratification and emerging inequalities in the course of market transition has focused heavily upon the workforce outcomes of cadres and elites whose status was acquired under the redistributive, command economy. Furthermore, this research has focused predominantly upon the market transition in China. This paper focuses upon status attainment processes experienced by a generation of young men and women entering school and work roles during the transition from socialism to market economy in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. An analysis of young adults’ status attainment outcomes in northern Vietnam reveals that advanced levels of schooling, which are highly consequential for young adults’ attainment of professional, managerial and other high status occupations, are disproportionately attained by individuals whose parents have been highly educated, employed in high status state sector jobs, and members of the Communist Party. These results suggest that the institution of education and allocation of educational resources provide pathways along which influential and elite groups of the socialist era transfer their status to a younger generation transitioning to adulthood during the market reform period.
Determination of total primary amines in seawater and plant nectar with flow injection sample processing and fluorescence detection

Abstract Flow injection sample processing is used with fluorescence detection for the determination of total primary amines in seawater and nectar. The effects of carrifer stream flow rate and dispersion tube length on sensitivity and sampling rates were studied. Relative responses of several amino acids and other primary amines were determined using two dispersion tube lengths. Linear calibration curves were obtained over the ranges 0–10 -6 M and O–1O -5 M glycine. Precisions of better than 2% at 10 -6 M and a detection limit of 1 × lO -8 M glycine were obtained. Applications to the analysis of seawater from the vicinity of a baited lobster trap and diluted nectar samples from Erythrina sp. are described.
Efficient experimental design for binary matched pairs data

The analysis of data from matched pairs binary experiments, often performed with McNemar's test, presents a unique experimental design challenge in dealing with the effect of the discordance probability, p. Most approaches for determining size and power use point estimates or maximization, but this fails to account for the considerable variability across values of the nuisance parameter that occur for all common tests. We recommend viewing the size and power functions across the full range of possible discordance probability values, which gives a complete picture of the behavior of a test for any given sample size. This method also allows us to compare the behavior of different hypothesis tests. We present exact power and size functions for several tests, including the original McNemar's test and its most common variants, and compare their properties. This analysis reveals that, in general, McNemar's test comes closest to the nominal size and has the highest power. We also demonstrate our technique using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) to check for linkage between schizophrenia and a locus related to the D(3) dopamine receptor, and on a hypnosis pain management data set.
Triangular patch modeling using combination method

Abstract A new method for constructing triangular patches is presented. A triangular patch that interpolates given boundary curves and cross-boundary slopes is formed by blending three traditional side-vertex interpolation operators (Nielson, 1979) with a new, interior interpolation operator. The new operator is the solution of an interpolation process that interpolates both the interior and the boundary of the triangular domain. The interior interpolation operator has better approximation precision on the interior of the triangle than the side-vertex operators. The constructed triangular patch reproduces polynomial surfaces of degree four. Comparison results of the new method with the side-vertex method (Nielson, 1979) are included.
Transient photosynthetic responses of nitrogen-deprived Petalonia fascia and Laminaria saccharina (Phaeophyta) to ammonium resupply

Petalonia fascia (Muller) Kuntze and Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamouroux cultured in N-free medium exhibited transient depressions in light-limited and light-saturated gross O2 evolution within 0.3 h following ammonium resupply. Recovery of photosynthesis to pre-resupply rates required 24 h. After 6-9 d of ammonium resupply, photo synthetic rates of N-deprived algae were similar to those of control plants grown with nitrogen. This study demonstrates that N-deprived macroalgae exhibit suppressed photosynthesis upon nitrogen resupply similar to many microalgal species. The apparent slowness of short-term recovery from nitrogen-elicited photo synthetic suppression may have ecological consequences for macroalgae under conditions of patchy nutrient supply.
Optimal velocity profile generation for given acceleration limits: theoretical analysis

A semi-analytical method is proposed to generate minimum-time optimal velocity profiles for a vehicle with given acceleration limits driving along a specified path. The method is formally proven to provide optimal results using optimal control theory. In addition, several undesirable cases, where loss of controllability occurs, and which have been neglected in the literature, are dealt with in this work.
STAT3-Mediated Autophagy Dependence Identifies Subtypes of Breast Cancer Where Autophagy Inhibition Can Be Efficacious

Autophagy is a protein and organelle degradation pathway that is involved in diverse diseases including cancer. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is a cell survival mechanism in tumor cells and that its inhibition especially in combination with other therapy could be beneficial but it remains unclear if all cancer cells behave the same way when autophagy is inhibited. We inhibited autophagy in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and found that some of them are dependent on autophagy for survival even in nutrient rich conditions without any additional stress while others need autophagy only when stressed. Survival under unstressed conditions is due to cell type specific autophagy regulation of STAT3 activity and this phenotype is enriched in triple negative cell lines. This autophagy-dependency affects response to therapy because autophagy inhibition reduced tumor growth in vivo in autophagy-dependent but not in autophagy-independent breast tumors while combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors and other agent was preferentially synergistic in autophagy-dependent cells. These results imply that autophagy-dependence represents a tumor cell specific characteristic where autophagy inhibition will be more effective. Moreover, our results suggest that autophagy inhibition might be a potential therapeutic strategy for triple negative breast cancers, which currently lack an effective targeted treatment.
Calculation of Series Capacitance Eor Transient Analysis of Windings

Knowledge of the series capacitance of a winding (transformer, reactor or magnet) is essential in order to analyze its transient behavior. A method of computing the series capacitance of a winding is proposed which is mathematically rigorous but simple to execute. As a check, the equivalent series capacitance of a four-turn double-disk winding was computed by the proposed method as well as by simple circuit reduction. This method of calculating the series capacitance was applied to determine the natural frequencies of large magnets.
Cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for primary operable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma: do we have more scientific evidence to call for further centralization of care?

According to recent statistics from the American Cancer Society the number of newly diagnosed pancreas cancer cases was 45,000 in 2010. The annual number of patients succumbing to this disease continues to nearly equal the number of newly diagnosed cases. Despite a number of improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, overall survival from pancreas cancer remains poor. While certain centers of excellence have reported 5-year survival rates up to 36 % in highly selected patients in the setting of curative intent resection, survival curves using data from large population based datasets reflect a substantially worse outcome. 1,2 Currently accepted treatment modalities for pancreas cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or palliative care/no treatment. The only potential chance for cure or long-term survival for patients with pancreatic malignancies is a curative intent resection. 3 The majority of patients with newly diagnosed operable disease will require a Whipple procedure. While the safety of these operations has come a long way in the past few decades, pancreaticoduodenectomies are still complex operations with a chance for perioperative morbidity and mortality. 4 Adverse
The Institutionalization of Democratic Civil Society in Taiwan: A Case Study of NGOs Working on the Hsi-Chih Trio Case

A young democracy, Taiwan lacks agencies of horizontal accountability and aspects of a thick rule of law. This paper examines how an institutionalized, democratic civil society has held the antiquated judiciary vertically accountable for violations of due process in the famous Hsi-Chih Trio death penalty case.
The British Iron and Steel Industry, 1870–1914: A Study of the Climacteric in Productivity

One clear advantage of dissecting an event in economic history with an economist's tools is that the sharpness of the tools permits one to cut the event into explained and unexplained parts with fair precision. There is no presumption that the unexplained part will be small, but at least one knows the magnitude of the explanatory job remaining. My dissertation takes this approach to the explanation of the British economic climacteric at the end of the nineteenth century. "It seems clear enough" to D. J. Coppock, as to many other students of the period, "that in the iron and steel industry there was a decline in entrepreneurial talent after the 1870's."' The main thread of my study of the iron and steel industry tests this assertion by attempting to explain certain aspects of the industry's history from 1870 to 1914 in economic terms. The first task is to find some index of performance in the industry. To do this I construct measures of total productivity change in the pig iron, puddled iron, Bessemer steel, and open hearth steel sectors of the industry from 1870 to 1914, using Solow's residual method. Although the method is satisfactory for the pig iron sector, for which there are good data on the quantities of inputs, particularly coke and iron ore, in the other sectors the quantity data are poor. Therefore, I develop a price dual to Solow's quantity primal measure of productivity change and apply it to the ample price data in these sectors. The measure indicates that productivity change had ceased in all sectors of the industry by 1895. Puddling productivity, indeed, did not grow at all during the period from 1870 to 1914. In Bessemer steel, productivity grew rapidly during the 1860's and 1870's, but had ceased by the middle of the 1880's. In pig iron the cessation came later in the 1880's and in open hearth steel, with productivity growing somewhat slower than Bessemer productivity had grown, it came in the middle of the 1890's. A number of points can be made on the basis of the productivity measure alone. First, the major innovations in the making of steel products came at the ingot-making stage of production rather than at the rolling and finishing stages. There was some fall in the price of steel products relative to steel ingots, but it was small compared with the great fall in the price of steel ingots relative to pig iron and labor. Second, it took a long period of growth after the fundamental steel-making innovations had been made for productivity change to cease; that is, the Bes-
Theoretical Studies of Spectral Properties of Plutonium

By combining the local density approximation (LDA) with dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), we report a systematic analysis of the spectral properties of {delta}-plutonium with varying 5f occupancy. The LDA Hamiltonian is extracted from a tight-binding (TB) fit to full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) calculations. The DMFT equations are solved by the exact quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method and the Hubbard-I approximation. We show the strong sensitivity of the spectral properties to the 5f occupancy, which suggests using this occupancy as a fitting parameter in addition to the Hubbard U. By comparing with PES data, we conclude that the 'open shell' 5f{sup 5} configuration gives the best agreement, resolving the controversy over 5f 'open shell' versus 'close shell' atomic configurations in {delta}-Pu. (authors)
Arteriovenous shunt in digit replantation

From May 1958 to May 1987, 331 digits were replanted successfully with an overall survival rate of 86.2%. Complete success in replantation of amputated fingers requires an accurate anastomoses of both arteries and veins. However, anastomosis between arteries may not be possible in some patients. Since reports that a thumb amputated at the interphalangeal joint area could be successfully replanted by an arteriovenous shunt on the palmar side, we did arteriovenous shunts in four such cases. Two replantations were successful; necrosis developed in the other two patients.
Peoples Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. By Ted Robert Gurr. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000. 448p. $55.00 cloth, $29.95 paper

Ted Gurr's Minorities at Risk Project began in 1986 as the first comparative large-n study of politically active ethnic groups around the globe. Now it is the single most influential scholarly resource on the subject, a fund of data generating volumes of published research, and—in an era when political science is often accused of irrelevance—providing valuable guidance for policymakers. Peoples Versus States , the second comprehensive report of findings from this project, builds on and extends the analysis introduced earlier in Minorities at Risk (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1993).
A software industry perspective on AEC information models for distributed collaboration

This paper focuses on information modeling and computing technologies that are most relevant to the emerging software for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. After a brief introduction to the AEC industry and its present state of computer-based information sharing and collaboration, a set of requirements for AEC information models are identified. Next, a number of key information modeling and standards initiatives for the AEC domain are briefly discussed followed by a review of the emerging object and Internet technologies. The paper will then present our perspective on the challenges and potential directions for using object-based information models in a new generation of AEC software systems intended to offer component-based open architecture for distributed collaboration.
Studies on semduramicin and nutritional responses: 3. Electrolyte balance

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to determine whether fluctuations in dietary electrolyte level (milliequivalents Na+K-Cl per kilogram) or different dietary sodium chloride levels would affect performance, water intake, or excreta moisture of chickens fed semduramicin vs nonmedicated controls. In all experiments, male commercial broiler chicks were used, and all diets were fed with and without 25 mg semduramicin/kg diet. The basal diets were based on corn, soybean meal, and poultry oil. Experiments 1, 3, and 4 were conducted using male broiler chicks in battery brooders to 18 d of age. In Experiment 1, six electrolyte levels were fed [basal (0.2% Na, 0.33% Cl, 1.10% K); basal plus 0.1% Na (from sodium chloride); basal plus 0.1% K (from potassium chloride); basal plus 0.2% Na (from sodium carbonate); basal plus 0.34% K (from potassium chloride); basal plus 0.15% Cl (from ammonium chloride)]. There were no significant changes in BW gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio caused by any dietary treatment. Water consumption was not affected by the inclusion of Na, Cl, K, or electrolyte levels, but excreta moisture was affected. The highest and lowest excreta moisture levels came from chicks fed the lowest chloride levels. There were no significant dietary effects on serum Na, Cl, or K by dietary electrolytes or semduramicin. Experiment 2 was conducted with triplicate floor pens of 33 male broilers each for 42 d with four electrolyte levels [basal (0.2% Na, 0.34% Cl, 1.03% K); basal plus 0.1% Na (from sodium carbonate); basal plus 0.1% Cl (from ammonium chloride); basal plus 0.18% K (from potassium carbonate)]. Increasing electrolyte level had a significant effect on BW gain at 35 d but not at 42 d [mainly because of differences in K (1.943 kg at 35 d) vs Cl (2.013 kg at 35 d)]. At 42 d, there were no differences in growth because of N, K, Cl, or semduramicin. Potassium supplementation caused a significant increase in litter moisture (P = 0.031). Semduramicin did not affect litter moisture (P = 0.892), nor were there significant semduramicin interactions with Na, K, Cl, or semduramicin. The basal diets in Experiments 3 and 4 were identical to the basal diet in Experiment 1 except there was no sodium chloride added. The diets fed in Experiment 3 contained 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4% added sodium chloride. The diets fed in Experiment 4 contained 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9% added sodium chloride. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 show that about 0.4% added sodium chloride is necessary to achieve maximum growth and feed conversion. It is clear that semduramicin had no significant effect upon the variation observed in any of the variables measured.
Female Criminals Behavior and Treatment within the Criminal Justice System

This study first considered the assumption that female crime is more impulsive than male crime. Impulsivity ratings of 351 female crimes were compared with male criminal norms. Only female crimes i...
Thrombin-enhanced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression: a mechanism linking placental abruption with premature rupture of the membranes

Objective: Given the strong clinical association between the decidual hemorrhage of placental abruption and subsequent preterm premature rupture of the membranes, we assessed the effects of thrombin on the expression of the potent interstitial collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), in cultured endometrial stromal and decidual cells. Study design: Stromal cells derived from predecidualized cycling endometrium and decidual cells from term decidua were cultured in a defined medium containing estradiol, to mimic the hormonal milieu of the non-pregnant proliferative phase, or estradiol plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), to mimic the hormonal milieu of pregnancy, in the presence and absence of thrombin. Culture media were examined for MMP-1 protein levels and cell lysates were examined for steady-state MMP-1 mRNA levels. Results: MPA strongly inhibited MMP-1 levels in endometrial stromal and term decidual cells. However, thrombin overcame this suppression, producing MMP-1 levels that were several...
Local Geometry and Elasticity in Compact Chromatin Structure

The hierarchical packaging of DNA into chromatin within a eukaryotic nucleus plays a pivotal role in both the accessibility of genomic information and the dynamics of replication. Our work addresses the role of nanoscale physical and geometric properties in determining the structure of chromatin at the mesoscale level. We study the packaging of DNA in chromatin fibers by optimization of regular helical morphologies, considering the elasticity of the linker DNA as well as steric packing of the nucleosomes and linkers. Our model predicts a broad range of preferred helix structures for a fixed linker length of DNA; changing the linker length alters the predicted ensemble. Specifically, we find that the twist registry of the nucleosomes, as set by the internucleosome repeat length, determines the preferred angle between the nucleosomes and the fiber axis. For moderate to long linker lengths, we find a number of energetically comparable configurations with different nucleosome-nucleosome interaction patterns, indicating a potential role for kinetic trapping in chromatin fiber formation. Our results highlight the key role played by DNA elasticity and local geometry in regulating the hierarchical packaging of the genome.
LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GHOST SHRIMP CALLICHIRUS ISLAGRANDE (DECAPODA: THALASSINIDEA: CALLIANASSIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Abstract Descriptions of the zoeal and decapodid stages of the ghost shrimp Callichirus islagrande were based on laboratory cultures from a population inhabiting the coast of Louisiana. Whereas morphological studies were based upon animals from mass cultures, 40–120 larvae from each of 8 parental females were reared individually to obtain stage-duration data. Larvae passed through 4 or 5 zoeal stages before molting to the decapodid stage. The proportion of individuals that molted to a fifth zoeal stage varied widely (9–89%) between clutches of different parental females. The first juvenile stage was usually reached 16–20 days after hatching, and durations of larval stages were similar in larvae from different females. Morphological comparisons with congeneric species revealed larvae of C. islagrande to be more similar to larvae of C. garthi, a species from the coast of Chile, than to larvae of a Gulf of Mexico population of Callichirus major.
Evaluation of Fruit Liquefying Ability of Pectinolytic Enzyme System of A.niger

Techno-economical feasibility up gradation of fruit processing is underlined on the basis of yield and quality of finished food products by involvement of biotechnology. It has been postulated that the most effective enzymatic liquefaction of fruit mash is result of synergistic action governed by combination of pectinase quotients. The desired yield of fruit juice coupled with clarity of juice, reduced waste index and easiness in separation of seeds from pulp of unconventional fruits such as custard apple ( Annona squamosa ), and ramphal ( Annona reticulata L.) against conventional method. Enzymatic liquefaction exhibited higher per cent yield (74% transmittance T.) of sparkling clear juice i.e. up to and overall improvement in quality. Increase in per cent yield of juice by 25 per cent over that of conventional method is an outstanding achievement of enzyme processing technology.
Hyperosmotic stress stimulates tissue plasminogen activator expression by a PKC-independent pathway

Shear, stretch, and the generation of oxygen radicals stimulate increases in tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) mRNA levels and antigen production, suggesting that environmental stress may regulate t-PA gene expression. We have examined whether t-PA production is also responsive to a hyperosmotic environment. Endothelial and HeLa cells were treated with hyperosmotic medium, and t-PA mRNA and antigen secretion were measured. Endothelial cells incubated in hyperosmotic medium showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell volume and a 1.9 +/- 0.3- and 3.7 +/- 0.9-fold increase in t-PA secretion at 425 and 485 mosmol/kgH2O, respectively. HeLa cells showed a 3.3 +/- 0.6- and 5.1 +/- 1.2-fold increase at the same osmolalities. Increased secretion began between 8 and 16 h and continued through 24 h. Cultures returned to isosmotic medium after 8 h of treatment continued to release 98.1 +/- 7% of the maximum levels of t-PA for the next 16 h, despite the reversal of other responses to hyperosmotic environment. t-PA mRNA levels also increased between 8 and 16 h to five times control levels but returned to baseline by 24 h. No change in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, or diacylglycerol content was detected, suggesting that a different intracellular signal pathway may be involved in the response to hyperosmolar stimulus. Thus environmental stress may be a general stimulatory signal through which t-PA production can be induced.
RADIONUCLIDE DISTRIBUTION IN THE PARTICLE POPULATION PRODUCED BY THE SCHOONER CRATERING DETONATION.

The radionuclide distribution in the Schooner event can be understood in terms of a three-stage condensation process which produces two distinct particle classes, each having a uniform isotopic com...
Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in fetal sheep : adenosine receptor blockade

8-Phenyltheophylline (PT), a potent and specific inhibitor of adenosine receptors, was infused intra-arterially into unanesthetized fetal sheep to determine the role of adenosine in hypoxic inhibit...
A prospective analysis of physical exam findings in the diagnosis of facial fractures

INTRODUCTION: Facial trauma is common, with over 150,000 patients presenting to the emergency room annually in the United States. In patients where imaging is not available, knowing the predictive value of exam findings can allow for improved triage and planning. A prospective clinical study was undertaken to assess the predictive value of physical exam findings in detecting maxillofacial fracture in trauma patients.
The Interactive Effects of Stressful Family Life Events and Cortisol Reactivity on Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors.

This study investigated the associations between stressful family life events and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and the interactive effects of family life events and cortisol reactivity on problem behaviors. In a sample of 100 mothers and their adolescents (M age = 15.09; SD age = .98; 68 % girls), adolescent cortisol reactivity was measured in response to a mother–adolescent conflict interaction task designed to elicit a stress response. Mothers reported on measures of family life events and adolescent problem behaviors. Results indicated that a heightened adolescent cortisol response moderated the relations between stressful family life events and both externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results support context-dependent theoretical models, suggesting that for adolescents with higher cortisol reactivity (compared to those with lower cortisol reactivity), higher levels of stressful family life events were associated with greater problem behaviors, whereas lower levels of stressful family life events were related to fewer problem behaviors.
Information Quality Research Challenge: Information Quality in the Age of Ubiquitous Digital Intermediation

As information technology becomes an integral part of daily life, increasingly, people understand the world around them by turning to digital sources as opposed to directly interacting with objects in the physical world. This has ushered in the age of Ubiquitous Digital Intermediation (UDI). With the explosion of UDI, the scope of Information Quality (IQ) research is due to expand dramatically as the challenge becomes to capture the wealth and nuances of human experience. This article presents three key changes to the IQ landscape brought about by UDI, including expansion of the scope of traditional IQ dimensions, digital to physical mapping challenge, and the increased need to manage content authenticity. UDI generates many novel questions and opportunities for the IQ research community.
Performance of DWI as a Rapid Unenhanced Technique for Detecting Mammographically Occult Breast Cancer in Elevated-Risk Women With Dense Breasts

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to evaluate the performance of DWI to detect mammographically occult breast cancer in elevated-risk women with dense breasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed all women who underwent screening breast MRI at our institution from January 2007 through May 2013. We created a case-control cohort composed of 48 subjects with mammographically dense breasts: 24 with mammographically occult cancer detected on MRI and 24 healthy women with negative MRI findings who were matched to the subjects with breast cancer patients for age, breast density, and MRI protocol. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and conspicuity score (range, 1–5) were assessed on DWI for all malignancies. Lesions and normal tissue were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test; associations with clinical characteristics were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Three experienced breast imagers who were blinded to medical records and contrast-e...
Whitening and racial ambiguity: racialization and ethnoracial citizenship in contemporary Brazil

ABSTRACTRecent policies to redress racial inequality in Brazil, including affirmative action and the protection of Afro-Brazilian land rights, have generated fierce debates about the character of race and racism in Brazilian society. In this article, I critically examine an assumption structuring these debates: that Brazil is characterized by a special tolerance for ethnoracial ambiguity that is threatened by these initiatives. Drawing on ethnographic research on conflicts between Afro-Brazilian communities and Brazil’s spaceport, I argue that an everyday imperative to social whitening shows how this ethnoracial ambiguity has been skewed toward one racial pole. Affirmative action policies do not eliminate ethnoracial ambiguity, but have helped to change the force of the everyday whitening that structures it. In this critique, I aim to clarify the nature of ethnoracial changes in Brazil, as the ideology of ‘racial democracy’ has lost the hegemony it held during much of Brazil’s twentieth century.
The Logic of Regional Integration: A review of theoretical approaches to integration

Introduction Regional integration has been on the research agenda of social scientists at various times over the past fifty years (see table 2.1). Most political scientists studying integration have been primarily interested in understanding the institutional and policy dimensions of integration. They have sought to specify the political context in which integration occurs and have provided insightful accounts of the process of integration. One explanation of integration in political science is neofunctionalism. It refines the conceptual tools of its predecessor theory, functionalism, and embeds them in a rigorous utilitarian framework. It starts by assuming that supranationality is the only method available to states to secure maximum welfare and then offers a subtle account of how integration unfolds over time, using concepts such as functional spillover, updating of common interest, and subnational and supranational group dynamics. Intergovernmentalism is a contending analytical approach to integration. It is in most respects contrary to neofunctionalist premises. Integration is viewed as a sequence of interstate bargains triggered by a convergence of policy preferences among states. It serves to maximize states' wealth and power. Economists have focused primarily on market relationships among goods and factors of production within a region and have assumed away the relevance of institutional and political forces. Economic explanations are positive theories of welfare gains and losses associated with regional integration, not explanations of the political choices that produce integrated areas.
Catching the Spark: Student Activism and Student Data as a Catalyst for Systemic Transformation

The newest student activist movement appears to be amplifying what some higher education practitioners have talked about for a long time: students of color have been granted access to an educationa...
Contributions of imprecision in PET-MRI rigid registration to imprecision in amyloid PET SUVR measurements

Quantitative measurement of β-amyloid from amyloid PET scans typically relies on localizing target and reference regions by image registration to MRI. In this work, we present a series of simulations where 50 small random perturbations of starting location and orientation were applied to each subject's PET scan, and rigid registration using spm_coreg was performed between each perturbed PET scan and its corresponding MRI. We then measured variation in the output PET-MRI registrations and how this variation affected the resulting SUVR measurements. We performed these experiments using scans of 1196 participants, half using 18F florbetapir and half using 11C PiB. From these experiments, we measured the magnitude of the imprecision in the rigid registration steps used to localize measurement regions, and how this contributes to the overall imprecision in SUVR measurements. Unexpectedly, we found for both tracers that the imprecision in these measurements depends on the degree of amyloid tracer uptake, and thus also indirectly on Alzheimer's disease clinical status. We then examined common choices of reference regions, and we show that SUVR measurements using supratentorial white matter references are relatively resistant to this source of error. We also show that the use of partial volume correction further magnifies the effects of registration imprecision on SUVR measurements. Together, these results suggest that this rigid registration step is an attractive target for future work in improving measurement techniques. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3323-3336, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recursive least squares generalized FIR filter estimation for active noise cancellation

Abstract A feedforward control algorithm for active noise control based on the recursive estimation of a generalized finite impulse response (FIR) filter is presented in this paper. Recursive least square estimation (RLSE) with variable forgetting factors is applied to a commercial air ventilation silencer to provide the online estimation of the generalized finite impulse response (FIR) filter to obtain active noise compensation in an airduct. The advantage of the generalized FIR filters lies in the possibility to include prior knowledge of system dynamics in the tapped delay line of the filter. It is shown that a significant improvement in noise cancellation is obtained with the implementation of generalized FIR filter for feedforward ANC.