cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RENIN PROTEINURIA IN THE RAT : I. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PROTEINURIA AND THE PRESSOR EFFECT OF RENIN

In the rat renin induces an intense but transient proteinuria, associated with the excretion of fibrinogen but not accompanied by any evidence of damage to the glomerulus. The inactivation of renin with respect to its pressor effect leads to a loss of its capacity to induce proteinuria. Angiotonin, when given in large amounts, induces proteinuria in the rat. It is concluded that this form of proteinuria is dependent on the pressor action of renin.
EXAFS solid-state spectroelectrochemistry: effects of supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical and structural behavior of Cu(bcp-s)23−

Abstract Changes in the structure (coordination number and bond length) of a bis-substituted copper complex of bathocuproine [Cu I (bcp-s) 2 ] 3− , where bcp-s = 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonic acid, upon oxidation to the Cu II form have been studied by EXAFS spectroelectrochemistry. Measurements were made in aqueous solution and in a semi-rigid, ionically conducting polymer, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) [p(DMDAAC)] as the electrolyte medium. A special electrochemical cell consisting of a gold minigrid working electrode, two platinum foil auxiliary electrodes and a silver wire reference electrode, attached to a Mylar ® sheet, was developed for solid state spectroelectrochemistry measurements in p(DMDAAC). The cell was enclosed in a constant humidity (92%) chamber to maintain sufficient conductivity of the p(DMDAAC). In aqueous solution the complex converts from four to five coordinate on oxidation, whereas in p(DMDAAC) the complex is four coordinate in both oxidation states. This retention of coordination number with oxidation state change in p(DMDAAC) is attributed to coulombic forces from electrostatic crosslinking of the cationic polymer by the anionic complex preventing the structural rearrangement necessary for a change in coordination number. Reduced availability of free water to occupy the fifth coordination site compared to the aqueous solution may also be a contributing factor.
Health Among Black Children by Maternal and Child Nativity

Objectives. We examined 5 health outcomes among Black children born to US-born and foreign-born mothers and whether differences by mother’s region of birth could be explained by maternal duration of US residence, child’s place of birth, and familial sociodemographic characteristics.Methods. Data were from the 2000–2011 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined 3 groups of children, based on mother’s region of birth: US origin, African origin, and Latin American or Caribbean origin. We estimated multivariate regression models.Results. Children of foreign-born mothers were healthier across all 5 outcomes than were children of US-born mothers. Among children of foreign-born mothers, US-born children performed worse on all health outcomes than children born abroad. African-origin children had the most favorable health profile. Longer duration of US residence among foreign-born mothers was associated with poorer child health. Maternal educational attainment and other sociodemographic characteristics did l...
In situ localization of parathyroid hormone-like protein and mRNA in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Parathyroid-like protein (PLP), or parathyroid hormone-related peptide, is a well-recognized mediator of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia (humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy syndrome). In this study we examined the expression of PLP by 40 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the cervix and selected carcinomas of nonsquamous histology. Using a polyclonal antibody to human PLP, 93% of SCCs, including two tumors from patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy syndrome, showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoperoxidase staining for PLP. The strongest staining often was observed in areas of invasion associated with stromal desmoplasia. The small number of weak or negatively stained SCCs were all poorly differentiated tumors. Although native uninvolved squamous epithelium showed weak to moderate staining of the superficial layers, there was variable or full-thickness immunostaining in areas of dysplasia. Normal endocervical glands and stroma as well as cervical adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas were negative. In situ hybridization studies showed abundant PLP mRNA within SCC in patients with hypercalcemia. However, PLP mRNA was of relatively low abundance in tumors of normocalcemic patients. Ultrastructural studies showed cytoplasmic, membrane-bound, granular inclusions in tumor cells from the hypercalcemic patients. Our data suggest that increased PLP gene transcription contributes to the increased production of PLP and the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy syndrome.
Maternal effects and heterosis for growth in reciprocal cross populations of chickens.

Summary Two lines of chickens differing greatly (6- to 8-fold) in 8-week body weight due to divergent selection for this trait were crossed reciprocally from generations 29 through 36. The crosses showed two consistent characteristics: large maternal effects and no positive heterosis. Zusammenfassung Maternalwirkungen und Heterosis fur Wachstum in reziproken Huhnerkreuzungen Zwei im Hinblick auf 8-Wochen-Gewicht sehr stark unterschiedliche (6- bis 8fach) Linien wurden reziprok in den Generationen 29–36 des divergenten Selektionsversuches gekreuzt. Die Kreuzungen zeigen zwei konsistente Phanomene: grose Maternalwirkungen und keine positive Heterosis.
Biomonitoring polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk as a function of environment, dietary intake, and demographics in New Hampshire.

Abstract Human milk is a valuable biological specimen for biomonitoring lipid-soluble polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of PBDEs in human milk from New Hampshire and to examine potential relationships between PBDE levels in human milk and stage of lactation, maternal characteristics, living environment and dietary intake. Forty women provided up to three human milk samples at the end of their first, second and third month of breastfeeding for evaluation of day-to-day and month-to-month variation in PBDE levels. Participants completed four questionnaires, which provided maternal, living environment, and diet information. The ∑PBDE concentrations in human milk over the 3-month collection period ranged from 6.5 to 166.7 ng g−1 lipid. The median for the 3-month period was 29.7 ng g−1. BDE-47 was the predominant congener, however, BDE-153 predominated in 20% of the participants’ samples. Day-to-day variation in ∑PBDEs was negligible; there was no significant difference in mean PBDE levels from month-to-month. Positive associations were seen between BDE-153 and age, postpartum saturated fat consumption, and the home model. There was a negative association between PBDE levels and fruit consumption during the third trimester. Our results indicate that PBDE levels in human milk from New Hampshire are within the range that has been reported in the US, and levels are stable during the first 3-months of lactation. Our findings revealed a higher predominance pattern with BDE-153 compared to other studies, and indicate that PBDE levels are influenced by diet and the home environment.
The occupational status attainment processes of males and females.

The NORC General Social Surveys of 1972-1974 are utilized to compare white working males and females with respect to the process of occupational status attainment. The occupational status of each sex is quite similar, although males are somewhat more likely to have high and low status jobs. The process of status attainment is also the same for males and females. Education is the strongest determinant of status for each sex, with family background characteristics showing only a small direct influence on status. The determinants of educational attainment are also much the same for white working males and females, although number of siblings has a significantly stronger effect for males. There is no evidence that the education of the like-sexed parent is a stronger influence on educational attainment than that of the opposite-sexed parent. An extended model of occupational status attainment is also estimated for females. Although full-time workers and married women have slightly higher status than part-time workers and unmarried women, respectively, the number of children at home has no effect on the occupational status of working women.
The Multiyear Surface Climatology of a Regional Atmospheric Model over the Western United States

Abstract This paper presents a validation analysis of the climatology of a version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Pennsylvania State University limited-area model (MM4) developed for application to regional climate simulation over the western United States. Two continuous multiyear simulations, for the periods 1 January 1982–31 December 1983 and 1 January 1988–25 April 1989, were performed over this region with the MM4 driven by ECMWF analyses of observations and run at a horizontal resolution of 60 km. The model used in these simulations includes horizontal diffusion on terrain-following σ coordinates, a Kuo-type cumulus parameterization, sophisticated radiative transfer and surface physics-soil hydrology packages, and a relaxation boundary- conditions procedure. Model-produced surface air temperatures, precipitation, and snow depths were compared with observations from about 390 stations distributed throughout the western United States. The base-model run reproduced the seasonal cycle o...
Attenuation of experimental hypertension with agents that increase insulin sensitivity

Both in the human and in several experimental models, hypertension is associated with insulin resistance. Thiazolidinedione derivatives are a novel group of oral hypoglycemic agents that increase insulin sensitivity without stimulating endogenous insulin secretion. These agents have been shown to attenuate the development of hypertension in the following experimental rat models: the Dahl salt-sensitive rat, the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rat, the obese Zucker rat, and blood pressure increases in rats fed high carbohydrate or high fat diets. Clofibrate, a lipid lowering agent that also increases insulin sensitivity, also prevents the development of hypertension in Dahl salt sensitive rats. Additional studies will be required to determine if attenuation of hypertension by these agents is specifically related to their capacity to increase insulin sensitivity.
Creativity and Memory Effects: Recall, Recognition, and an Exploration of Nontraditional Media

Using a combination of exploratory and traditional approaches, we replicate and extend previous research on creativity and memory effects. The first study examines creativity's effect on advertising recall using two nontraditional media: airport terminal and preshow cinema advertising. Results suggest that differences in how consumers interact with nontraditional media influence the effect of advertising creativity on memory. For cinema advertising, where media consumption is similar to traditional media, creativity enhanced recall. For airport advertising, where media consumption often occurs when consumers are in a distracted state, creativity had no effect. The second study continues this investigation of exposure context and extends previous creativity research by investigating the recognition dependent variable in a forcedexposure context. Recognition is measured at four time-delay intervals: no delay and delays of one-week, three-weeks, and five-weeks. Creative advertising was found to enhance recog...
Turbulence production in flow over a wavy wall

Measurements of the spatial and time variation of two components of the velocity have been made over a sinusoidal solid wavy boundary with a height to length ratio of 2a/λ = 0.10 and with a dimensionless wave number of α+ = (2π/λ)(v/u ⋆) = 0.02. For these conditions, both intermittent and time-mean flow reversals are observed near the troughs of the waves. Statistical quantities that are determined are the mean streamwise and normal velocities, the root-meansquare of the fluctuations of the streamwise and normal velocities, and the Reynolds shear stresses. Turbulence production is calculated from these measurements. The flow is characterized by an outer flow and by an inner flow extending to a distance of about α−1 from the mean level of the surface. Turbulence production in the inner region is fundamentally different from flow over a flat surface in that it is mainly associated with a shear layer that separates from the back of the wave. Flow close to the surface is best described by an interaction between the shear layer and the wall, which produces a retarded zone and a boundary-layer with large wall shear stresses. Measurements of the outer flow compare favorably with measurements over a flat wall if velocities are made dimensionless by a friction velocity defined with a shear stress obtained by extrapolating measurements of the Reynolds stress to the mean levels of the surface (rather than from the drag on the wall).
q=5 Potts model on the quenched isotropically site-diluted square and Penrose lattices

Abstract A microcanonical simulation of the q =5 Potts model on the quenched isotropically site-diluted square and Penrose lattices is performed. Analysis of the simulation data show a first-order phase transition which terminates at a critical point for dilutions in the range p c ⩽ p ⩽1 ( p =1, pure system). The critical dilutions are p c =0.974(2) for the N =32 2 square lattice, and p c =0.986(2) for the N =988 Penrose lattice. The critical point is conjectured to be in a new universality class.
Optical sensing properties of [Ru(CN)4dppz]2− (dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)

Abstract [Ru(CN) 4 dppz] 2− (dppz=dipyrido[3,2- a :2′,3′- c ]phenazine) can be synthesized photochemically from [Ru(CN) 6 ] 4− and dppz, albeit in low yield with competing side reactions. The complex’s absorption maximum in various solvents track the solvent Lewis acidity as judged by Gutmann’s acceptor number. At room temperature, [Ru(CN) 4 dppz] 2− emits weak green light in ethanol that resembles that of the free dppz ligand; at 77 K, [Ru(CN) 4 dppz] 2− emits brightly in the red. Prospects for using [Ru(CN) 4 dppz] 2− in sensor applications are discussed.
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Its Absence in Cardiac Tamponade and Constriction: A Role for Atrial Natriuretic Factor?

(Chest 1992; 101:258-60) P ulmonary edema may be anticipated in patients with cardiac failure and high central circulatory pressures as reflected in pulmonary artery wedge levels of 20 to 30 mm Hg,’ but does not occur at the same pressure levels with pencardial compression of the heart.2 Yet, in the systemic circulation, both rightsided cardiac failure and compressive pencardial disorders cause comparable venous congestion with sodium and fluid retention, and, in contrast to their strikingly different pulmonary parenchymal effects, both can provoke peripheral edema. The absence of pulmonary edema in cardiac tamponade and constriction remains unsatisfactorily explained. Indeed, the very rare patient developing pulmonary edema only upon relief of pericardial compression may have had acute cardiac failure due to underlying heart disease,3 ++++ ++++ ++++
Irreversibility in thermodynamics

The problem of irreversibility in thermodynamics is revisited and analyzed on the microscopic, stochastic, and macroscopic levels of description. It is demonstrated that Newtonian dynamics can be represented in the Reynolds form when each dynamical variable is decomposed into mean and fluctuation components. Additional equations coupling fluctuations and the mean values follow from the stabilization principle. The main idea of this principle is that the fluctuations must be selected from the condition that they suppress the original instability down to a neutral stability. Supplemented by the stabilization principle, the Hamiltonian or Lagrangian formalisms can describe the transition from fully reversible to irreversible motions as a result of the decomposition of chaotic motions (which are very likely to occur in many-body problems) into regular (macroscopic) motions and fluctuations. On the stochastic level of description, a new phenomenological force with non-Lipschitz properties is introduced. This force, as a resultant of a large number of collisions of a selected particle with other particles, has characteristics which are uniquely defined by the thermodynamic parameters of the process under consideration, and it represents a part of the mathematical formalism describing a random-walk-like process without invoking any probabilistic arguments. Additional non-Lipschitz thermodynamic forces are incorporated into macroscopic models of transport phenomena in order to introduce a time scale. These forces are effective only within a small domain around equilibria. Without causing any changes in other domains, they are responsible for the finite time of approaching equilibria. Such a property is very important for the interpretation of irreversibility on the macroscopic scale.
Daily evapotranspiration estimates from extrapolating instantaneous airborne remote sensing ET values

In this study, six extrapolation methods have been compared for their ability to estimate daily crop evapotranspiration (ETd) from instantaneous latent heat flux estimates derived from digital airborne multispectral remote sensing imagery. Data used in this study were collected during an experiment on corn and soybean fields, covering an area of approximately 12 × 22 km, near Ames, Iowa. ETd estimation errors for all six methods and both crops varied from −5.7 ± 4.8% (MBE ± RMSE) to 26.0 ± 15.8%. Extrapolated ETd values based on the evaporative fraction (EF) method better compared to eddy covariance measured ET values. This method reported an average corn ETd estimate error of −0.3 mm day−1, with a corresponding error standard deviation of 0.2 mm day−1, i.e., about 5.7 ± 4.8% average under prediction when compared to average ETd values derived from eddy covariance energy balance systems. A solar radiation-based ET extrapolation method performed relatively well with ETd estimation error of 2.2 ± 10.1% for both crops. An alfalfa reference ET-based extrapolation fraction method (ETrF) yielded an overall ETd overestimation of about 4.0 ± 10.0% for both crops. It is recommended that the average daily soil heat flux not be neglected in the calculation of ETd when utilizing method EF. These results validate the use of the airborne multispectral RS-based ET methodology for the estimation of instantaneous ET and its extrapolation to ETd. In addition, all methods need to be further tested under a variety of vegetation surface homogeneity, crop growth stage, environmental and climatological conditions.
The Relationship between Children's Reported Exposure to Interparental Conflict and Memory Biases in the Recogniton of Aggressive and Constructive Conflict Words

A total of 70 Latino children between the ages of 7 and 12 years completed measures of exposure to interparental conflict and listened to audio taped simulations of interparental conflict. Children's memory for aggressive and constructive conflict words used during the session was then assessed with a word recognition task. Results indicate that older children who report witnessing high levels of marital conflict made significantly more false positive and fewer false negative memory errors for aggressive words than did all other children. This study provides preliminary support for the theory that children develop marital conflict representations that reflect their socialization experiences with interparental conflict and that guide information processing in the context of novel marital conflict.
Comparison of Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Precolumn-Derivatized Amino Acids

Abstract A comparison was made among five precolumn derivatization techniques for amino acid analysis using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All chromatographic analyses were conducted using the same instrumentation and a C18 Ultrasphere ODS column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm). The precolumn derivatization methodologies studied included the formation of OPA (o-phthaldialdehyde), DANSYL (dimethylaminonaphthalenesulphonyl), DABSYL (dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl), PTH (phenylthiohydantoin), and PTC (phenylthiocarbamyl) derivatives. The derivatization procedures were evaluated for simplicity, time required, and derivative stability. HPLC analyses of the amino acid derivatives were compared in terms of resolution, sensitivity, reproducibility, and time of analysis.
Thermal Performance of Oscillating Heat Pipes With Nanofluid: A Theoretical Study

This numerical study is performed to investigate heat transfer performance and effect of nanofluids on U-shaped oscillating heat pipes. Pure water is employed as the base fluid while Al2O3 with two different particle sizes i.e., 47nm and 38.4 nm is used as nanoparticle. The results show that nanofluid has significant effect on heat transfer enhancement of the system and with increasing volume fraction and decreasing particles diameter the enhancement intensifies.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Method of moments use, validation and limitations

This article presents power point presentation on method of moments use, validation and limitations. Method of moments code NEC improves EMC measurement facilities. This was done to eliminate errors associated with ideal case assumptions made in earlier versions of the site acceptance criteria. NEC made it possible to include real world effects accurately that otherwise would have been derived empirically - if at all.
Reevaluation of a DNA binding activity with specificity for chemically modified DNA

A DNA binding activity which appeared in direct filter binding assays to show specificity for DNA modified by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and methylmethanesulfonate (Moranelli and Lieberman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 3201, 1980) has been further purified and characterized. Equilibrium competition binding experiments indicate this activity shows little, or no, preferential binding of AAF-modified DNA compared to single-stranded DNA and only a small preference compared to u.v.-irradiated DNA or double-stranded DNA. These findings demonstrate the difficulty of using direct filter binding assays when purifying proteins with a desired biological function and the need to perform competition assays when evaluating specificity.
Stand-alone and Network Capable Pocket Radiation Detection System

Abstract A multi-functional and networked pocket radiation detection system has been developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) capable of detecting and storing gamma ray and neutron data. The device can be used as a stand-alone device or in conjunction with an array to cover a small or large area. The device has programmable alarm trigger levels that can be modified for specific applications. The data are stored with a date/time stamp and can be transferred and viewed on a PDA via direct connection or, in networked configuration, wireless connection to a remote central facility upon request. Data functional/bench tests have been completed successfully and the device was demonstrated to detect radiation from a 55.6 μCi 252 Cf source at 5 m and from 1.4 mCi 252 Cf source at 10 m which exceeds both ANSI and IAEA standards for pocket radiation detection. In terms of sensitivity, this detection system detects neutron and gamma-ray fields down to 10 μrem/h levels and therefore can find the location of the radioactive source quickly. The detection system is small enough to be put in a pocket or clipped to a belt.
Oxidized lipid protects against sepsis

Treatment with an oxidized phospholipid markedly reduces tissue damage in a mouse model of sepsis. But will the approach be feasible in humans?
Effect of selected inhibitors on cadmium, nickel, and benzo(a)pyrene uptake into brown cells of Mercenaria mercenaria

Abstract Uptake and inhibition studies were used to evaluate mechanisms of uptake of Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , and B(a)P in the brown cells of M. mercenaria. Brown cells contain one or more vesicles that have been shown to be lysosomes. Cd 2+ , Ni 2+ , and B(a)P accumulation by brown cells was concentration-dependent and independent of time and temperature at 5°C. Metabolic inhibitors such as carbonyl cyanide- m -chlorophenyl hydrazone and NaF did not inhibit their uptake. N -ethylmaleimide facilitated Ni 2+ and Cd 2+ uptake, but inhibited B(a)P uptake. Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine inhibited Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , and B(a)P uptake in a dose-dependent manner, and diethylmaleate had no effect on Cd 2+ and B(a)P uptake, but increased Ni 2+ uptake. Chloroquine and copper, which accumulate in lysosomes, inhibited Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , and B(a)P uptake. Verapamil inhibited Ni 2+ and B(a)P uptake, whereas it increased Cd uptake. Our results suggest that the brown cells of M. mercenaria are capable of accumulation of soluble foreign material and that membrane sulfhydryl groups, glutathione, and Ca 2+ channels are active in these processes.
Method for Efficient Recovery of High-Purity Polycarbonates from Electronic Waste

More than one million tons of polycarbonates from waste electrical and electronic equipment are consigned to landfills at an increasing rate of 3-5% per year. Recycling the polymer waste should have a major environmental impact. Pure solvents cannot be used to selectively extract polycarbonates from mixtures of polymers with similar properties. In this study, selective mixed solvents are found using guidelines from Hansen solubility parameters, gradient polymer elution chromatography, and solubility tests. A room-temperature sequential extraction process using two mixed solvents is developed to recover polycarbonates with high yield (>95%) and a similar purity and molecular weight distribution as virgin polycarbonates. The estimated cost of recovery is less than 30% of the cost of producing virgin polycarbonates from petroleum. This method would potentially reduce raw materials from petroleum, use 84% less energy, reduce emission by 1-6 tons of CO2 per ton of polycarbonates, and reduce polymer accumulation in landfills and associated environmental hazards.
Hepatic fat accumulation during liver regeneration

Fat accumulates in the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy. The role of intracellular acyltransferases in the synthesis of triglycerides was studied in the liver. Two-thirds hepatectomy was performed in 14 rats. An additional 14 rats had laparotomy only (sham group). Animals were sacrificed at 18 or 24 hr after operation. After 18 hr, microsomal sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase specific activity was increased from 708 to 956 pmole of glycerol 3-phosphate incorporated X min-1 X mg-1 protein and the triglyceride content was increased from 2.2 to 12.6 mg/g liver. At 24 hr the microsomal enzyme activity was again increased from 742 to 1203 pmole of glycerol 3-phosphate incorporated X min-1 X mg-1 protein and the triglyceride content rose from 1.9 to 13.9 mg/g liver. A correlation existed between the microsomal enzyme activity and the triglyceride level (r = 0.608, P less than 0.05). The mitochondrial enzyme activity was not increased. At 24 hr peroxisomal dihydroxyacetone acyltransferase activity was elevated from 375 to 523 pmole of dihydroxyacetone phosphate incorporated X min-1 X mg-1 protein but showed no correlation with the triglyceride content; the microsomal activity of the enzyme was not increased. Cytoplasmic NAD+-dependent alpha-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased by 24 and 32% at 18 and 24 hr. These data indicate that the microsomal sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase activity has a major role in promoting triglyceride synthesis during liver regeneration.
A Specific Mathematical Form for Wien's Displacement Law as vmax/T = constant

For Wien’s displacement law in terms of frequency v and temperature T (vmax/T = constant) a specific mathematical form for the equality is derived.
Enhanced expression of neurotrophic factors by C6 rat glioma cells after transfection with glia maturation factor.

Glia maturation factor (GMF) is a 17-kDa protein unique to the nervous system. Although GMF was initially characterized as a growth/differentiation factor, the absence of a leader sequence and its intracellular localization in normal brain suggest an intracellular function as well. In this paper we transfected the C6 glioma cells with GMF cDNA by infecting the cells with a GMF/adenovirus construct. The transfected cells overexpressed GMF but did not secret the protein into the culture medium. However, the transfected cells showed an increased expression of the neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The increase in neurotrophic activity of the C6 cell conditioned medium was demonstrable by its ability to promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
Implications of Three Causal Models for the Measurement of Halo Error.

The appropriateness of a traditional correla tional measure of halo error (the difference between dimensional rating intercorrelations and dimensional true score intercorrelations) is reexamined in the context of three causal models of halo error. Mathematical derivations indicate that the traditional correlational measure typically will underestimate halo error in ratings and can suggest no halo error or even "negative" halo error when positive halo error actually occurs. A corrected correlational measure is derived that avoids these problems, and the traditional and corrected measures are compared empirically. Results suggest that use of the traditional correlational measure of halo error be dis continued.
Jessica Hahn, media whore: sex scandals and female publicity

–While much writing has focused on historical associations between women and “the private,” and on women's entry into “public” roles, very little consideration has been given to the gendered aspects of publicity itself. Drawing especially on media narration of Jessica Hahn–who became a media figure due to her role in the 1987 Jim Bakker sex scandal–the author demonstrates how fresh political rhetorics lend themselves to stale sexual roles and scripts, and some key ways in which publicity is gendered. Sex scandals, it is argued, are an especially useful spot to witness the interplay between female sexuality and female publicity, both of which are explicit narrative elements of sex scandals. After briefly recounting the history of the public character of sex scandal vixen/victim, with roots in virgin-or-whore roles reaching back into the 19th century, the author points to the ways Jessica Hahn's image both replays and departs from that earlier characterization. As two newer contemporary discourses of femini...
Effect of Buprenorphine Dose on Treatment Outcome

The goal of this meta-analysis is to provide evidence based information about proper dosing for buprenorphine maintenance treatment to improve treatment outcome. To be selected for the review and inclusion in the meta-analysis, articles had to be randomized, controlled, or double-blind clinical trials, with buprenorphine as the study drug; the length of buprenorphine maintenance treatment had to be 3 weeks or longer; doses of buprenorphine had to be clearly stated; outcome measures had to include retention rates in buprenorphine treatment; outcome measures had to include illicit opioid use based on analytical determination of drugs of abuse in urine samples as outcome variables; and outcome measures had to include illicit cocaine use based on analytical determination of drugs of abuse in urine samples as outcome variables. Twenty-nine articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The authors present the results of 21 articles that met inclusion criteria. The higher buprenorphine...
Privacy protection and quantile estimation from noise multiplied data

In this paper we address two inferential aspects of noise multiplied magnitude microdata. First, in the context of disclosure risk assessment of tabular magnitude data, we study the consequences of noise multiplication when an intruder tries to speculate a target unit’s value in a cell based on knowledge of the perturbed cell total and values of some units within the cell. This is related to some results in Nayak et al. (J Off Stat, 2011). Second, we develop Bayesian methods to infer about a quantile of a microdata set based on their noise perturbed values. Natural applications include estimation of quartiles and median of an original microdata set when only their noise perturbed versions are available.
Uneven Borders, Coloured (Im)mobilities: ID Cards in Palestine/Israel

The Israeli state apparatus mandates differentiated IDs to Palestinian citizens of Israel, Palestinian non-citizens in East Jerusalem, Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. The bureaucracy of Palestinian ID cards since 1948 has rendered Palestinians more legible for the security interests of Israel while simultaneously discriminating Palestinians from Jews as unequal citizens and non-citizens. The ID card regime, and less so the permit regime, limits Palestinian geographic movement and economic mobility while simultaneously permitting freer Jewish-Israeli flows and mobilities. ID cards demonstrate the power of the Israeli regime to produce distinct people and bind them to specific territories (such as the Palestinians), while allowing others (Jewish-Israelis) to ‘trespass’ over those same boundaries. Through ID cards borders are erected between Jewish and Arab people, not Israeli and Palestinian territory. The ID card regime puts into question the nature and territorial boundaries of ‘Israel’, and the g...
GENERALIZED NETWORK SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM: THE DETERMINISTIC AND THE CHANCE-CONSTRAINED CASE

The flow along each link in a generalized network is amplified or attenuated by some constant factor during the course of its traversal of the link. It is shown that the equilibrium solution can be found by employing a well-known extremal principle, originally due to P. A. Samuelson. When the attenuation factor along each link is random, the Kirchhoff node conditions can no longer be satisfied with certainty, but may be replaced by a chance constraint. The extremal principle can be employed again, and this time lakes the form of a chance-constrained nonlinear program. The solution involves the existence of an optimal buffer stock at each node.
A Glossary of Baseball Terms in Spanish

Author's Summary— Many teachers and most students are sports-minded; the list offered below has proved interesting in the classroom. Some of the Spanish used is “castizo”; much of it is in the nature of recently-coined words and idioms to suit the needs of this game which is spreading among our neighbors to the south. Interesting comparisons may be made with the article of Professor Alexander D. Gibson, “The Vocabulary of Sports in French,” in the February 1939 issue.
Tous les garçons and toutes les filles

AbstractThe televised series Tous les garcons et les filles de leur âge (1994), including nine one-hour films by contemporary French directors focusing on the periods of their own adolescence (from the early 1960s to the early 1990s), has been cited in numerous accounts of contemporary French cinema as heralding a new era of ‘young French cinema’. This essay focuses on four films in the series in which women directors explore female adolescence (Claire Denis's US Go Home, Chantal Akerman's Portrait d'une jeune fille de la fin des annees 60 a Bruxelles, Patricia Mazuy's Travolta et moi, and Emilie Deleuze's L'Incruste). In different ways, these four films highlight and explore the relationship between gender, memory, and film narration.
The conversation: a tape, a plastic wall, a bug, a saxophone

I offer a discussion of an obscure film made more than 30 years ago, a film that has invisible hinges: on one side of the door The Conversation is a film about audio surveillance, audio recording, the private moments in public spaces that are heard and overheard. On the other side, it is about jazz, an amateur artist whose impulses struggle against his ordered, ordinary life. The film is about cameras, microphones, listening, and losing ground. It is about a person who salvages the moments of expression he has been desperate to repress.
Soap films and Kelvin's curved, truncated octahedron

Here, the Weierstrass representation theorem for minimal surfaces is used to derive parametrizations of two soap films spanning a rectangular prism with square base. The parametrizations are explicit, although the exact values of the height of the prism and the edge length of the square base can only be determined numerically from the formulas. The more famous of these two soap films can be extended to a partition of ℝ3 by curved, truncated octahedra. Furthermore, if the height of the prism is taken to be\(1/\sqrt 2 \), then the partition is that discovered by Lord Kelvin in the late 19th century.
Brief Report: Preliminary Evaluation of the Theory of Mind Inventory and its Relationship to Measures of Social Skills

This study presents updated information on a parent-report measure of Theory of Mind (ToM), formerly called the Perception of Children’s Theory of Mind Measure (Hutchins et al., J Autism Dev Disord 38:143–155, 2008), renamed the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI), for use with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examines the responses of parents of adolescents with ASDs and explores the relationship of parental responses on the ToMI to measures of autistic symptoms and social skills. Descriptive statistics were compared to previous samples; correlations and regressions were conducted to examine the ToMI’s criterion-related validity with social skills and ASD symptoms. Results support use of the ToMI with adolescent samples and its relationship to social impairments in ASDs.
Towards a history of the encyclopedia from Jerome to Isidor

In A.D. 400 the Roman Empire was declining visibly. Organizers of information and education nevertheless had much recorded knowledge at their disposal, some original, some condensed or excerpted. Its quality varied: by and large, what was more recent was less valuable, especially in science. Such was one price paid for steadily deteriorating command of Greek in Rome and the western provinces of the empire. The situation was somewhat better in the realm of access to particulars, thanks notably to Pliny the Elder. In his Latin ~U as for Martianus Capella, we know ofjust one work, and with substantial information about the writer, depend heavily on internal evidence. These circumstances have long fueled rich scholarly endeavor by historians of education and literature, philosophy and science, and the Christian church. Their labors will be drawn on
SU-E-T-295: Factors Affecting Accuracy in Proton Therapy.

Purpose: To examine the various processes involved and to assess their effects on the accuracy in proton therapy.Methods:Proton therapy involved several processes: (1) Beam commissioning. (2) CT scan of patient. (3) Contouring. (4) Treatment planning. (5) Output factor measurements for each field. (6) Patient setup verification with image guidance. (7) Dose delivery. (8) Neutron dose and proton RBE at the distal edge. Within each step, there are several sub‐processes that each may contribute to the uncertainty in the treatment. By analyzing each of the subprocesseswithin each process, based on measurements or published data, we estimated a % uncertainty to each sub‐process and/or a distance uncertainty (in millimeter) on the proton range. A total uncertainty in proton therapy is estimated. Results: The uncertainties assessed for the various processes are : (1) ±1.5%; (4) ±3.0%, and 1–3mm; (5) ±2.0%; (6) ±2 mm; (7) ±2.0%, ±2mm. The uncertainties in (2) CT, (3) contouring and neutron dose in (8) strongly depend on the location and type of the tumor. On the other hand, the proton RBE at the distal edge in (9) is still debatable and may affect the dose uncertainty from 0–20% depending on which value we want to accept. Thus the overall uncertainty in proton therapy is at least ±4.5% and ±4 mm (by adding the various uncertainties in quadrature), without consideration of processes (2), (3) and (8), and the RBE effect. Conclusions: Due to the complexity in proton therapy and the various factors that may affect the accuracy in proton therapy, it is far more complicated to assess the accuracy in proton therapy. Our preliminary study showed that the accuracy in proton therapy is at least ± 4.5% in dose delivered to a tumor with an uncertainty of ±4mm to the distal edge of the SOBP.
Improving the public health utility of global cardiovascular mortality data: the rise of ischemic heart disease

High-quality, cause-specific mortality data are critical for effective health policy. Yet vague cause of death codes, such as heart failure, are highly prevalent in global mortality data. We propose an empirical method correcting mortality data for the use of heart failure as an underlying cause of death. We performed a regression analysis stratified by sex, age, and country development status on all available ICD-10 mortality data, consisting of 142 million deaths across 838 country-years. The analysis yielded predicted fractions with which to redistribute heart failure-attributed deaths to the appropriate underlying causes of death. Age-adjusted death rates and rank causes of death before and after correction were calculated. Heart failure accounts for 3.1% of all deaths in the dataset. Ischemic heart disease has the highest redistribution proportion for ages 15-49 and 50+ in both sexes and country development levels, causing gains in age-adjusted death rates in both developed and developing countries. COPD and hypertensive heart disease also make significant rank gains. Reproductive-aged women in developing country-years yield the most diverse range of heart failure causes. Ischemic heart disease becomes the No. 1 cause of death in several developed countries, including France and Japan, underscoring the cardiovascular epidemic in high-income countries. Age-adjusted death rate increases for ischemic heart disease in low- and middle-income countries, such as Argentina and South Africa, highlight the rise of the cardiovascular epidemic in regions where public health efforts have historically focused on infectious diseases. This method maximizes the use of available data, providing better evidence on major causes of death to inform policymakers in allocating finite resources.
Security-constrained unit commitment for simultaneous clearing of energy and ancillary services markets

This paper introduces a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model with emphases on the simultaneous optimization of energy and ancillary services markets. Benders decomposition is used to decouple the SCUC into a unit commitment (UC) master problem and hourly network security checking subproblems. Lagrangian relaxation is used to decouple the UC problem into individual single-unit commitment problems. Dynamic programming is used to find the optimal commitment decision. A simultaneous marginal curve algorithm is proposed to find the optimal values of energy and ancillary services. A six-bus system with three units and the IEEE 118-bus system with 54 units are analyzed to illustrate the proposed model.
Effect of Sampling Status and Adjustment for Heterogeneous Variance on Bias in Bull Evaluations

Abstract Holstein bulls were assigned to sampling categories (AI stud, AI nonstud, or non-AI) based on bull code, controller number, and age at semen distribution. The AI stud bulls were sampled through traditional progeny-testing programs of 13 AI organizations; AI nonstud bulls had AI semen collection reported by another organization or by multiple organizations. The non-AI bulls had no reported AI semen collection. Actual daughter yield deviations for these three groups of bulls were compared with expected performance (parent average) to provide an indication of whether evaluations were free from bias for daughter yield deviations. Mean difference of daughter yield deviation from parent average was close to 0kg for animal model evaluations of all 22,930 bulls but was positively biased by 46kg of milk for AI nonstud bulls. Mean PTA and reliabilities for parents were highest for AI stud bulls and lowest for non-AI bulls. The AI stud bulls varied least and were intermediate for mean management, approximated as mean daughter yield minus bull ETA. Management was highest for AI nonstud bulls, which suggested that adjustment for heterogeneous variance might reduce bias. However, the effect of this adjustment on mean difference of daughter yield deviation from parent average was small.
Financial toxicity in insured patients with multiple myeloma: a cross-sectional pilot study

Summary Background Financial toxicity is increasingly recognised as adversely affecting the quality of life and medication adherence in patients with cancer in the USA. Patients with multiple myeloma might be particularly vulnerable because of high use of novel treatments and extended treatment duration. Methods Between Aug 18, 2014, and Jan 7, 2015, we did a cross-sectional survey of individuals receiving at least 3 months of ongoing treatment for multiple myeloma at a tertiary academic medical centre in the USA. The survey was derived from previous reported studies and included the 11-item COST measure (financial toxicity score range 0–44). A paper survey was offered to eligible patients on arrival for routine follow-up visits, and participants were asked to complete the survey before or after their visit to the clinic. Insurance and treatment data were obtained from patients' electronic health records. Findings Of 111 patients approached for the study, 100 individuals completed the survey. 59 (59%) of 100 patients reported that treatment costs were higher than expected, 70 (71%) of 99 had at least minor financial burden, and 36 (36%) of 100 reported applying for financial assistance. Use of savings to pay for myeloma treatment was common (43 [46%] of 94 patients) and 21 (21%) of 98 individuals borrowed money to pay for medications. COST scores were highly correlated with patient-reported use of strategies to cope with myeloma treatment expenses. On multivariable analysis, younger age (correlation coefficient β 0·36, 95% CI 0·15 to 0·56, p=0·00092), non-married status (5·6, 1·5 to 9·6, p=0·0074), longer duration since diagnosis (−4·8, −9·3 to −0·2, p=0·042), and lower household income (US$40 000–79 999: 7·8, 2·7 to 12·9, p=0·0031; ≥$80 000: 11·8, 7·1 to 16·4, p Interpretation Patient-reported financial toxicity and use of coping mechanisms were common in our insured population with multiple myeloma. Additional attention to rising treatment costs and cost sharing is needed to address the increasing evidence of financial toxicity affecting patients with cancer. Funding University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.
Evolution of a Software-Defined Radio Receiver's RF Front-End

The subject of this paper is how to construct this flexible receiver. We survey the steps that have been taken over the years in this direction - some very tenuously - leading up to a recent realization of a software-defined RF front-end. We do not cover the work that has gone into the digital front-end which follows the ADC (Hentschel and Fettweis, 2002), nor on the software-defined baseband - both are essential for a full radio. Furthermore, an efficient software-defined transmitter without which the software-defined radio project is incomplete is still in the research phase