cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gluconeogenesis in Leishmania mexicana: CONTRIBUTION OF GLYCEROL KINASE, PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE, AND PYRUVATE PHOSPHATE DIKINASE*

Gluconeogenesis is an active pathway in Leishmania amastigotes and is essential for their survival within the mammalian cells. However, our knowledge about this pathway in trypanosomatids is very limited. We investigated the role of glycerol kinase (GK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) in gluconeogenesis by generating the respective Leishmania mexicana Δgk, Δpepck, and Δppdk null mutants. Our results demonstrated that indeed GK, PEPCK, and PPDK are key players in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Leishmania, although stage-specific differences in their contribution to this pathway were found. GK participates in the entry of glycerol in promastigotes and amastigotes; PEPCK participates in the entry of aspartate in promastigotes, and PPDK is involved in the entry of alanine in amastigotes. Furthermore, the majority of alanine enters into the pathway via decarboxylation of pyruvate in promastigotes, whereas pathway redundancy is suggested for the entry of aspartate in amastigotes. Interestingly, we also found that l-lactate, an abundant glucogenic precursor in mammals, was used by Leishmania amastigotes to synthesize mannogen, entering the pathway through PPDK. On the basis of these new results, we propose a revision in the current model of gluconeogenesis in Leishmania, emphasizing the differences between amastigotes and promastigotes. This work underlines the importance of studying the trypanosomatid intracellular life cycle stages to gain a better understanding of the pathologies caused in humans.
Numerical Simulation of Accident Scenario in High Temperature Gas Cooled (Pebble Bed) Nuclear Reactors

The accident scenario resulting from blockages due to the retention of dust in the coolant gas or from the rupture of one or more fuel particles used in the High Temperature Gas Cooled (Pebble Bed) Nuclear Reactors considered for the next generation of Advanced High Temperature Reactors (AHTR), for nuclear power production, and for high-temperature hydrogen production using nuclear reactors to reduce the carbon footprint is examined in this paper.Blockages can cause local variations in flow and heat transfer that may lead to hot spots within the bed that could compromise reactor safety. Therefore, it is important to know the void fraction distribution and the interstitial velocity field in the packed bed. The blockage for this numerical study simulated a region with significantly lower void than that in the rest of the bed. Finite difference technique solved the simplified continuity, momentum, and energy equations.Any meaningful outcome of the solution depended largely upon the validity of the boundary conditions. Among them, the inlet and outlet velocity profiles required special attention. Thus, a close approximation to these profiles obtained from an experimental set-up established the boundary conditions.This paper presents the development of the elliptic-partial differential equation for a bed of pebbles, and the solution procedure. The paper also discusses velocity and temperature profiles obtained from both numerical and experimental setup, with and without effect of blockage. In addition, the paper compares the results obtained from the experimental set-up with numerical simulation using a commercially available code that uses finite element techniques.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Notas sobre pentecostalismo y poder entre inmigrantes latinoamericanos en la ciudad de Newark (New Jersey, E.U.A.)

The recent, growing literature on Pentecostalism - as well as an ongoing research on Hispanic churches in which I am involved in Newark, the largest city in New Jersey - suggest, among other things, that many Latin American immigrants (and other groups equally negatively privileged) seem to find in Pentecostalism a set of extremely useful socio-religious "toolkit" to creatively face and overcome the hurdles inherent in the migrant experience, especially in the case of isolated individuals and small groups moving into milieus where they find themselves in a particularly challenging or disadvantageous situation, be it economic, cultural, linguistic, legal and/or educational. In this brief essay, I will attempt to contextualize and describe some of the dynamics unchained through such encounters between Latin American immigrants and Pentecostal churches, especially as they occur in Newark (NJ), but which seem to recur in similar ways in different places, repeatedly contributing both to expand the probabilities of creative survival for Latin American immigrants under duress.
How do people really interact with TV?: naturalistic observations of digital tv and digital video recorder users

To understand how people really interact with digital TV and digital video recorder (DVR) systems, 10 people were recruited, 6 with DVRs and 4 with non-DVR digital cable or satellite TV systems. Video-recording equipment was set up in their homes to record their TV viewing. The person viewing as well as the TV content being viewed were recorded as the person watched TV. Afterwards, the recordings were reviewed and analyzed by the experimenter together with the viewer, who then described his or her behavior. The results show that overall the most common way people interacted with TV was in avoiding advertisements and finding new programming to watch when the current show ended. These results can be used to find ways to improve how users experience TV systems.
Polymer Blends and Alloys for Molding Applications

Abstract Computer search for the references on injection molding of polymer blends (P-B) and polymer alloys (P-A) published over a period of 30 months in 1980–1982 resulted in the following statistics:
Characteristics and isolation of the phagocytosis-stimulating peptide, tuftsin.

Abstract The phagocytosis-stimulating peptide, tuftsin, was isolated from leucokinin by digestion with the indigenous-membrane enzyme leucokininase. The enzyme was purified from blood and peritoneal polymorphonuclear neutrophils. It showed optimum activity at pH 6.8. Trypsin also releases an active peptide from leucokinin. The biological, physical and chemical properties of this peptide and that released by leucokininase are identical. The specific activities of both peptides are similar. Both enzymes, with limited treatment, release the active peptide only from the leucokinin fraction, phosphocellulose Fraction IV, of γ-globulin and only from the heavy chain. No active peptide is released by either enzyme from other Fractions I–III under similar conditions. In patients with “tuftsin-deficiency syndrome” or patients with splenectomy, no active peptide is recoverable following limited digestion by either enzyme. The biological activity of either peptide is destroyed by pronase, subtilisin, leucine aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase B, but resists short exposure to the peptidase action of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, clostripain and papain. Chromatography on Sephadex G-10 and Aminex AG 50W-X4 showed identical elution volumes. On silica gel G both peptides, free or dansylated, yielded identical R F values in several solvents. The peptide has been isolated from phosphocellulose Fraction IV as well as from unfractionated γ-globulin. Sequence analysis yielded Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg.
How bacterial cells keep ribonucleases under control

Ribonucleases (RNases) play an essential role in essentially every aspect of RNA metabolism, but they also can be destructive enzymes that need to be regulated to avoid unwanted degradation of RNA molecules. As a consequence, cells have evolved multiple strategies to protect RNAs against RNase action. They also utilize a variety of mechanisms to regulate the RNases themselves. These include post-transcriptional regulation, post-translational modification, trans-acting inhibitors, cellular localization, as well as others that are less well studied. In this review, I will briefly discuss how RNA molecules are protected and then examine in detail our current understanding of the mechanisms known to regulate individual RNases.
The influence of health care organizations on well-being.

Human beings can be proactive and engaged or, alternatively, passive and alienated, largely as a function of the social conditions in which they develop and function.1(p68) Within health care organizations of all sizes—from large academic medical centers to independent solo practices—many people are experiencing distress. Some of this is appropriately attributed to such external factors as payment reductions, regulation, and the business practices of insurers. Less well recognized is the contribution of factors internal to the organizations: styles of leadership and management, administrative policies and procedures, and organizational culture. As compared with external factors, these internal characteristics have more direct, immediate, and powerful effects and are far more amenable to change at a local level. The goal of this article is to call attention to these internal factors to enable people involved with health care organizations to pursue constructive change that will improve their own well-being and that of others.
COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE TEACHING FOR THOUGHTFUL RESULTS

This article describes an instructional framework for teaching advanced cognitive skills in the postsecondary environment. Specific teaching strategies that community and technical college educators can use to encourage thoughtfulness among their students are also suggested. By thoughtfulness, we mean learners who are critical and creative thinkers and problem solvers. The approach described is equally useful in undergraduate or graduate classes, whether routine, advanced, or remedial.
Demonstration of an All-Sapphire Fabry–Pérot Cavity for Pressure Sensing

This letter presents a first demonstration of a monolithic sapphire Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity for pressure sensing. The prototype was constructed by combining reactive ion etching with direct wafer bonding. Long-term testing proves that the adhesive-free wafer bond is sufficient to create a sealed FP cavity as a pressure transducer. Pressure measurement over a range of 0.04-1.38 MPa has been demonstrated at room temperature using white-light interferometry. With an all-sapphire configuration, the prototype reported here can be further developed into a pressure sensor with high-temperature harsh-environment capability.
Combining remotely sensed data using aggregation algorithms

Abstract. This paper describes a strategic approach for providing documentation of the surface energy exchange for heterogeneous land surfaces via the simultaneous, four-dimensional assimilation of several streams of remotely sensed data into a coupled land surface-atmosphere model. The basic concepts and underlying theory behind this proposed approach are presented with the intent that this will guide, facilitate, and stimulate future research focused on its practical implementation when appropriate data from the Earth Observing System (EOS) become available. The theoretical concepts that underlie the approach are derived from relationships between the values of parameters which control surface exchanges at pixel (or patch) scale and the area-average value of equivalent parameters applicable at larger, grid scale. A three-step implementation method is proposed which involves (a) estimating grid-average surface radiation fluxes from appropriate remotely sensed data; (b) absorbing these radiation flux estimates into a four-dimensional data assimilation model in which grid-average values of vegetation-related parameters are calculated from pertinent remotely sensed data using the equations that link pixel and grid scales; and (c) improving the resulting estimate of the surface energy balance-again using scale-linking equations by estimating the effect of soil-moisture availability, perhaps assuming that cloud-free pixels are an unbiased subsample of all the pixels in the grid square.
Intentional forgetting as a facilitator for recalling new product attributes

When market changes alter what product attributes are deemed important, consumers may intentionally try to forget old product information in an attempt to remember new product information. In Experiment 1, the authors demonstrated that intentional forgetting of this nature temporarily inhibits retrieval of old product information and leads to a benefit to memory for new product information. The results show that, after a short delay, benefits continue in the absence of costs, which is supportive of a multiple-process account of intentional forgetting. Experiment 2 extends these effects using an advertising message to stimulate forgetting. Across both experiments, results also show that brand preference is based on learning of new attribute information.
THE METABOLISM OF ESTRONE IN NORMAL AND PARTIALLY HEPATECTOMIZED RATS1

PEEVIOUS REPORTS on the urinary recovery of estrogen administered to the rat are contradictory. Zondek (1934) obtained in 72 hours only 0.6‰ of the activity of estrone administered orally or parenterally to adult female rats in doses of 2000 and 5000 i.u. After injecting similar quantities of estrone Dingemanse and Laqueur (1937) obtained urinary recoveries up to 2‰ with slightly larger amounts in the feces. Dorfman (1937), on the other hand, has reported estrogenicactivity in the urine of injected immature rats equal to 10‰ of the injected estrone. Evidence that rat livers, when perfused in vitro with estrogen, are quite potent in effecting estrogen conversion (1943) led us to re-examine the question of the urinary excretion of exogenous estrogen in normal animals and in animals lacking considerable amounts of liver tissue. In order to obviate any possible effect of endogenous ovarian activity we employed adult male rats (of the Sherman strain.
Who Plays and Who Benefits: Gender, Interscholastic Athletics, and Academic Outcomes:

Using a nationally representative sample of adolescents, this article examines how various individual and contextual characteristics are related to the likelihood of interscholastic athletic participation. Girls are significantly less likely than boys to participate. The influence of socioeconomic background, siblings, family structure, year in school, attendance at a private school, size of the school, region of the country, and urbanicity have similar effects on socializing boys and girls into athletics. However, the gender difference in participation rates are greater for blacks than whites. Results indicate that some of the association between athletic participation and academic outcomes is due to the tendency for better students to participate in athletics. Net of these effects, analyses indicate that participation in athletics has a positive influence on adolescents' academic outcomes. The positive influence of athletic participation on unexcused absences and educational expectations is significantl...
Treatment of Popliteal Aneurysms With the Hemobahn Stent-Graft:

The authors report a prospective study that determines the results of the use of a self-expanding stent-graft to treat 23 popliteal aneurysms in 21 patients over a 3-year period. Occlusion of the stent-graft and limb loss were outcome measures. Duplex scanning, ankle-brachial index measurements, and radiographic examination of the knee were used during follow-up evaluation. The procedure to place the stent-graft and exclude the aneurysm was technically successful in all patients. The cumulative patency over 15 months of follow-up was 74% as 5 of the 23 stent-grafts occluded within six months after the intervention. Of these, two were successfully recanalized and none of the five patients required amputation. The authors conclude that endovascular stent-graft repair of popliteal artery aneurysms is feasible; however, traditional surgical repair has a better midterm patency rate.
Low-frequency parametric amplification by means of an induction machine

Although parametric amplifiers are commonly considered as components for use at microwave frequencies, there is no inherent frequency limitation. The gain and bandwidth relationships for a negative-resistance parametric amplifier can be used at a 60-cycle signal frequency.
Perceiving the size of trees: biological form and the horizon ratio.

Physical constraints produce variations in the shapes of biological objects that correspond to their sizes. Bingham (in press-b) showed that two properties of tree form could be used to evaluate the height of trees. Observers judged simulated tree silhouettes of constant image size appearing on a ground texture gradient with a horizon. According to the horizon ratio hypothesis, the horizon can be used to judge object size because it intersects the image of an object at eye height. The present study was an investigation of whether the locus of the horizon might account for Bingham’s previous results. Tree images were projected to a simulated eye height that was twice that used previously. Judgments were not halved, as predicted by the horizon ratio hypothesis. Next,the original results were replicated in viewing conditions that encouraged the use ofthe horizon ratio by including correct eye height, gaze level, and visual angles. The heights of cylinders were inaccurately judged when they appeared with horizon but without trees. Judgments were much more accurate when the cylinders also appeared in the context of trees.
Effect of expression of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase on the in vivo anti-tumor activity of prodrugs activated by E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

The use of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) to activate prodrugs has demonstrated excellent activity in the treatment of various human tumor xenografts in mice. E. coli PNP cleaves purine nucleoside analogs to generate toxic adenine analogs, which are activated by adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) to metabolites that inhibit RNA and protein synthesis. We created tumor cell lines that encode both E. coli PNP and excess levels of human APRT, and have used these new cell models to test the hypothesis that treatment of otherwise refractory human tumors could be enhanced by overexpression of APRT. In vivo studies with 6-methylpurine-2′-deoxyriboside (MeP-dR), 2-F-2′-deoxyadenosine (F-dAdo) or 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5′-monophosphate (F-araAMP) indicated that increased APRT in human tumor cells coexpressing E. coli PNP did not enhance either the activation or the anti-tumor activity of any of the three prodrugs. Interestingly, expression of excess APRT in bystander cells improved the activity of MeP-dR, but diminished the activity of F-araAMP. In vitro studies indicated that increasing the expression of APRT in the cells did not significantly increase the activation of MeP. These results provide insight into the mechanism of bystander killing of the E. coli PNP strategy, and suggest ways to enhance the approach that are independent of APRT.
Laser scanning cytometry in the characterization of the proapoptotic effects of transiently transfected genes in cerebellar granule neurons.

Background Low transient transfection efficiency limits the ability to characterize putative proapoptotic gene function in neurons. Laser scanning cytometry (LSC), with its high capacity, medium throughput means of collecting fluorescent emissions from cultured cells, offers an effective technology for scoring cell death in neuronal transfectants. Methods Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) were transfected with EGFP-fusion constructs of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 using a DNA-calcium phosphate coprecipitation method. CGNs were fixed, permeablized, and stained with propidium iodide (PI) nuclear dye. An LSC method, based on a combination of Long Red Max Pixel, Long Red Integral, and Green Integral fluorescence parameters was validated for the scoring of apoptotic cell death in CGNs. Results In Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 transfected CGNs, cell death was scored both in transfectants and nontransfected culture-mates. The cell death phenotype was found to be independent of transfection efficiency. LSC scoring of Caspase-9 transfectants was compared with visual scoring following Hoechst 33342 staining, yielding results that were similar qualitatively, but not quantitatively, likely owing to the greater sensitivity to green fluorescence of laser scanning compared to human vision. Conclusion LSC scoring of transiently transfected CGNs offers a rapid and reliable means of characterizing proapoptotic gene effects. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The effectiveness of rolicton®, a new oral diuretic, in severe cardiac failure

Abstract 1. (1) Aminoisometradine (rolicton) a new oral diuretic, was administered to 91 patients. 2. (2) Of the 89 patients who maintained the drug, excellent or good results were obtained in 64 cases or approximately 72 per cent; 13 patients or 15 per cent had fair results; and 12 patients or 13 per cent had poor results. 3. (3) The drug appeared to be most effective in cardiac failure, though only nine patients with hepatic, renal or other diseases were studied. 4. (4) Eight of the 91 patients had some side effect. Two discontinued the drug. Six had nausea, one of whom stopped the therapy; the other five were able to continue and the nausea disappeared. 5. (5) It is concluded that aminoisometradine is an effective, well-tolerated oral diuretic that can be tried in refractory cases of cardiac failure in conjunction with other therapy. It appears to have its greatest usefulness for maintenance in mild to moderate degrees of cardiac failure.
Symmetric key based authenticated querying in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) enabled with authenticated querying [1] allows only the authorized users to inject queries into the network and get responses thereof. Queries from unauthorized users are silently dropped. Providing authenticated querying for WSN is especially very challenging since the nodes are very much resource constrained and vulnerable to physical captures by the adversary. We present a fully symmetric key based solution for the above problem and analyze the same.
Nonthermal Ultrasound and Exercise in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Abstract Markert CD, Merrick MA, Kirby TE, Devor ST. Nonthermal ultrasound and exercise in skeletal muscle regeneration. Objective To determine whether continuous nonthermal therapeutic ultrasound (US) and low-intensity exercise (Ex) influence skeletal muscle regeneration after a standardized contusion injury in an animal model. Design Randomized controlled trial with blinded comparisons in a 2×2 factorial (US by Ex) design. Setting Animal care facility and exercise physiology biochemistry laboratory. Animals Twenty male Wistar rats (age, 8mo) received a reproducible bilateral contusion injury to the gastrocnemius muscles. Ten gastrocnemius muscles from 5 noninjured, nontreated rats provided baseline control data. Interventions US (continuous duty cycle, 3MHz; intensity, 0.1W/cm 2 ; transducer, 1cm 2 ; duration, 5min/d; duty cycle, 100%) and exercise (20min/d of low-intensity treadmill walking at 14m/min). Gastrocnemius muscles from injured rats received exercise treatment alone (Ex+NoUS), exercise and US treatment (Ex+US), US treatment alone (NoEx+US), and no treatment (NoEx+NoUS). Main Outcome Measures Ninety-six-hour postinjury muscle mass, contractile protein concentration, fiber cross-sectional area, number of nuclei per fiber, and myonuclear density. Results Myonuclei per fiber were statistically greater in injured than in noninjured gastrocnemius muscle ( P P >.01) among the 4 injured treatment groups for any of the outcome measures chosen as biomarkers of skeletal muscle regeneration. Conclusions There is no evidence that the specific continuous US and Ex protocols investigated enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration after contusion injury.
Decomposition of Coal Model Compounds During Simulated Chemical Coal Cleaning with Molten Hydroxides

Abstract Coal model compounds, such as dibenzothiophene, its analogs and the hydroxylated derivatives of these compounds. were treated with molten hydroxides to evaluate the importance of nucleophilicity for the different alkali-metal hydroxides. The soluble hydroxylated model compounds were decomposed and desulfurized by RbOH or CsOH at lower temperatures and in less time than when decomposed by KOH or NaOH, indicating that molten hydroxides have varying degrees of nucleophilicity, the progression of nucleophilicity being CsOH > RbOH ≥ KOH > NaOH. The discrepancy of these results with previously published studies, suggesting NaOH is as effective as KOH in desulfurizing coal, is discussed. Increased solubility of the hydroxylated derivatives in molten hydroxide led to faster reaction rates under homogeneous reaction conditions. Aryl ethers decomposed more readily than did aryl sulfides. Sulfur-carbon bond cleavage was more facile in sulfur compounds with conformational mobility.
MCD & HHV-8 viral load.

With increasing life expectancy for HIV-infected persons, the ravages of both AIDS-defining and non-AIDS cancers become increasingly prominent. In this issue of Blood , Stebbing et al present work that will aid not only in the diagnosis of MCD, but could lead to preventative therapy.[1][1]
Organizational dashboards: Steering an organization towards its mission

[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.]An organizational dashboard is described and demonstrated. The tool can be used by management to clarify and assign accountability for key objectives, indicators, and projects needed to steer an organiza..
On the spreading of unsteady cylindrical diffusion flames

Abstract The unsteady outwardly spreading motion of a diffusion flame supported by fuel injected from a cylindrical porous burner is theoretically analyzed. The classical technique of Laplace inversion with large or small values of time is used, which enables us to obtain the general asymptotic expressions of the leading order terms of temperature, species concentration, and flame radius. Results show that the flame spreading rate is mainly controlled by the ambient oxidizer concentration relative to the fuel concentration, modified by the flow rate from the burner, and that the characteristic diffusion length can be significantly larger or smaller than the flame radius, with their ratio being related to the quasisteady assumption. An adiabatic diffusion flame temperature with no heat loss to the burner is obtained, as the flame is situated far away from the burner.
A window adaptive Chandrasekhar filtering algorithm for image enhancement

The paper presents an efficient window adaptive filtering algorithm for image enhancement. It is shown that the Chandrasekhar algorithm for optimal filtering of the scalar image pixel data may be coupled with a window adaptive NSHP model for this purpose. The results are illustrated for three real images.
Cluster-state generation using van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions in optical lattices

We present a scalable method for generation of a cluster state for measurement-based quantum computing using van der Waals or dipole-dipole interactions between neutral atoms or polar molecules in an optical lattice. Nearest neighbor entanglement is accomplished by performing a phase gate using interaction of atoms in Rydberg states or molecules in large dipole moment states. All nearest neighbors are sequentially entangled in a finite number of operations, independent of the number of qubits, producing a one-dimensional (1D) cluster state. A universal two-dimensional (2D) cluster state can be generated in several milliseconds in a 2D optical lattice by producing a series of 1D cluster states in one lattice direction, followed by application of the entangling operations in another lattice direction. We discuss the viability of the scheme with Rb Rydberg atoms.
Identifying pollutant sources in tidally mixed systems: case study of fecal indicator bacteria from marinas in Newport Bay, southern California.

This study investigates the contribution of several marinas to fecal indicator bacteria impairment in Newport Bay, a regionally important tidal embayment in southern California. Three different fecal indicator bacteria groups were assayed, including total coliform, Escherichia coli, and enterococci bacteria, all measured using the IDEXX Colilert and Enterolert system. To document temporal variability in the fecal indicator bacteria signal, water column samples (n = 4132) were collected from two marinas over time scales ranging from hours to months. To document spatial variability of the fecal indicator bacteria signal, water column and sediment samples were collected from a number of sites (n = 11 to 36, depending on the study) in and around the two marinas, over spatial scales ranging from meters to kilometers. To identify the dominant temporal and spatial patterns in these data a statistical approachEmpirical Orthogonal Function analysiswas utilized. Finally, to clarify the transport pathways responsibl...
Stroke rates in patients with lacunar and large vessel cerebral infarctions.

Abstract A stroke registry was developed to determine the value of various clinical data in distinguishing lacunar from large vessel infarctions. Adequate localization was achieved in 98% of 246 patients with brain infarcts. These and 30 transient ischemic attack patients were followed for a median of 1082 days (range 2–1657). Follow-up data on TIA patients were invalidated by evidence of serious underreporting of TIAs in our general population. Among 212 male patients with cerebral infarcts not due to cardiogenic embolism, syphilis, migraine, vasculitis, or other unusual etiologies, 1-, 12-, and 36-month recurrence rates were 23%, 31% and 39% among patients with large vessel anterior circulation infarcts; 15%, 20% and 28% among patients with large vessel posterior circulation infarcts; and 8%, 16% and 21% among patients with lacunar anterior circulation infarcts, respectively. Six patients with posterior circulation lacunes did not experience recurrence. Comparative case fatality data were also compiled. Large vessel infarcts tended to be followed by further large vessel infarcts, usually in the same vascular distribution, whereas lacunar infarcts were not predictive of the type or location of subsequent events.
Hugo Munsterberg and the Origins of Vocational Guidance.

Hugo Munsterberg was among the most famous psychologists in the world at the turn of the 20th century. Despite his preeminence and associations with prominent leaders in several disciples, including Frank Parsons, his abrasive personality and unpopular politics led to his work being largely ignored during the 20th century. One such work is H. Munsterberg's (1910c) Vocation and Learning: A Popular Reading Course, which represents an early trait-and-factor psychological model of vocation. This triangular model suggests that people and vocations are composed of thinking, feeling, and willing dimensions that must be aligned to find the most suitable vocation for the person.
Power enhancement with super-Gaussian sliding-frequency guiding filters

I show with numerical simulations that higher-order sliding filters, especially super-Gaussian filters, can produce dramatic power enhancement of optical solitons, similar to that of dispersion-managed solitons. This approach should allow smaller timing jitter without sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio.
Holographic Lens Hybrid Spectrum-Splitting System: Design and Performance

A holographic spectrum-splitting module adds solar energy capability to a bioreactor. Energy Return on Investment of the photovoltaic/biofuel hybrid system is increased up to a factor of 3.45 compared to that of the bioreactor alone.
Normal neuromuscular development of the lower gastrointestinal tract and anorectum in fetal rats with retinoic acid induced myelomeningocele - implications for fetal surgery

METHODS: Time-dated (E10) pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were gavage fed 60mg/kg/bodyweight RA dissolved in olive oil or olive oil alone. At term (E22) MMC, RA-exposed-no-MMC (RA), and control fetuses (OIL) were harvested. Analysis of the neuromuscular development of the rectum and anal sphincters were performed by using H&E and Masson’s Trichrome staining and a series of nonneuronal (alpha-smooth-muscle-actin), neural crest cell (NCC, [Hoxb5]), and neuronal markers (PGP-9.5, synaptophysin, neurotubulin-beta-III).
Use of a DNA probe for mapping by electron microscopy the ribosomal sequences in ribosomal RNA precursors from duck cells.

Abstract This report describes the use of purified ribosomal DNA to map by electron microscopy the relative positions of the 18 S and 28 S RNA regions within the duck rRNA precursor and their relationship to the non-conserved portions of the precursor molecule. By repeated fractionation of the total DNA, based on the relative reassociation rates of the DNA sequences with different degrees of repetition, a fraction of the rapidly renaturing DNA was obtained which comprised only 6% of the total DNA, but contained 71% of the rRNA cistrons. Further purification of the rDNA was achieved by saturation hybridization with rRNA and separation of the rRNA-rDNA hybrids by banding in CsCl. In this manner, an rDNA-rRNA fraction was obtained which had a buoyant density of 1.805 g/cm 3 , an RNA to DNA ratio of 1.01, and a base composition for the RNA present in the hybrid identical to that of an equimolar mixture of 18 S and 28 S rRNA. The final yield of rDNA isolated by this procedure is 32%. When the purified rDNA was annealed with a mixture of 18 S and 28 S rRNA and the hybrids spread for electron microscopy, they appeared as two distinct populations with a number-average length of 0.62 ± 0.13 μm and 1.37 ± 0.18 μm, respectively. Likewise, hybrids between the rRNA precursor, isolated from duck embryo fibroblasts, and the rDNA appeared as structures containing two duplex regions of lengths 0.60 ± 0.11 μm and 1.38 ± 0.15 μm, separated from each other by a single-stranded region appearing as a large bush: this represents a portion of the precursor molecule not conserved during processing of the parent molecule. From these observations a model of the structure of the duck rRNA precursor is proposed.
ALGAL BIOREMEDIATION OF THE BERKELEY PIT LAKE

Ongoing research is unraveling the intricacies of the microbial ecology of the Berkeley Pit Lake System, with ever increasing information becoming available regarding the diversity of Algae, Protistans, Fungi and Bacteria that inhabit this mine waste site. Defining the baseline community structure has been the first step not only toward understanding the interactions of the different groups of organisms, but also toward assessing any improvement in biodiversity within the biotic community. Now that this first step has begun, some of these extremophiles, specifically algae, that have been isolated from the Berkeley Pit Lake System are being used as a potential solution for bioremediation. The specific objectives of this research are fivefold: 1) To evaluate the bioremediative potential of our four most rapidly growing species: (Chromulina freiburgensis Dofl., Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck, Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck and Chlamydomonas acidophilla Negoro) in Berkeley Pit Lake System Water with the additions of NaNO3 and NaPO4 by using an experimental matrix. This matrix will be used to estimate the minimum nutrient concentrations that would be necessary to achieve the maximum growth of algae and maximum bioremediation of the Berkeley Pit Lake System. 2) To determine which combination of nutrients will stimulate growth of the best bioremediator of our four isolated species in natural Berkeley Pit Lake System waters. In other words, what nutrient combination will give the best bioremediator a competitive edge over the other species. If time permits, different species may be grown in combination to determine if there are synergistic effects (protocooperation) between/among species. 3) To determine a temperature profile for these four species in order to determine their optimal growth temperature in Berkeley Pit Lake System water. 4) To continue to isolate organisms from the Berkeley Pit Lake System and determine their bioremediative potential. 5) Monitor algal and bacterial counts from a profile of Pit Lake System waters. The results to date will be presented for this conference.
Incorporating a movement skill programme into a preschool daily schedule

Children's participation in physical activity is a leading health indicator to combat obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The challenge to battle this problem is placed in the hands of early childhood educators. However, there is little evidence that early childhood educators have the skills and knowledge to design and implement appropriate movement practices for young children. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a movement programme implemented by classroom teachers. Participants were 33 preschoolers. The BOT-2 test was used to assess children's motor skills. Results showed that improvement in motor proficiency was observed in both the control (p = .02) and experimental (p = .001) groups. However, the improvement observed in the experimental group was significantly greater than the control group (p = .04). Acceptability of the intervention questionnaire responded to by teachers showed that the intervention was easy to implement and beneficial to the children.
The myopic solution of the Multi-Armed Bandit Compressive Spectrum Sensing problem

In this paper we formulate a Multi-Armed Bandit Compressive Spectrum Sensing (MAB-CSS) problem, in which a Cognitive Receiver (CR) decides dynamically how to best sense N sub-channels states, that switch from being occupied to being available as independent and statistically identical Markov chains. We assume that the CR is endowed with K CSS samplers each sensing an arbitrary mixture of the N signals in the sub-channels, and upon deciding what channels are available, it collects an equal reward from each channel unoccupied that is sensed. The MAB-CSS problem accounts for the ability of the CR of sweeping a large spectrum and being able to reconstruct the exact support of the N channels occupancy pattern, as long as the latter is sufficiently sparse. This is a generalization of the typical model in which the CR can sense K out of the N sub-channels. In choosing the compressive sensing strategy, the CR needs to consider how to gather the most informative statistics on the spectrum while not exceeding the limits beyond which the occupancy is no longer identifiable. In this work, we study a simplified and noiseless discrete sensing model and establish the structure of the optimum MAB-CSS myopic policy.
Deletion of TDP-43 down-regulates Tbc1d1, a gene linked to obesity, and alters body fat metabolism

Tat activating regulatory DNA-binding protein (Tardbp or TDP-43), a highly conserved metazoan DNA/RNA binding protein thought to be involved in RNA transcription and splicing, has been linked to the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration and is essential for early embryonic development. However, neither the physiological role of TDP-43 in the adult nor its downstream targets are well defined. To address these questions, we developed conditional Tardbp-KO mice and embryonic stem (ES) cell models. Here, we show that postnatal deletion of Tardbp in mice caused dramatic loss of body fat followed by rapid death. Moreover, conditional Tardbp-KO ES cells failed to proliferate. Importantly, high-throughput DNA sequencing analysis on the transcriptome of ES cells lacking Tardbp revealed a set of downstream targets of TDP-43. We show that Tbc1d1, a gene known to mediate leanness and linked to obesity, is down-regulated in the absence of TDP-43. Collectively, our results establish that TDP-43 is critical for fat metabolism and ES cell survival.
Firm Asymmetries and Sequential R&D: Theory and Evidence from the Mainframe Computer Industry

We incorporate strategic considerations into the analysis of a problem that has hitherto been treated in a decision theoretic fashion: the allocation of scarce R&D resources when R&D proceeds in stages. In doing so, we formalize a notion of "system complexity" and investigate its implications for the allocation of these scarce resources. Using detailed data from fieldwork at all mainframe manufacturers in the world to investigate our theoretical predictions, we provide evidence that larger market share firms set more aggressive stage targets, as do more resource-rich firms. Our results can be seen as a verification of the mechanism underlying Arrow's "replacement" effect.
Misdiagnosis of atrial fibrillation and its clinical consequences.

Purpose Computer algorithms are often used for cardiac rhythm interpretation and are subsequently corrected by an overreading physician. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and clinical consequences of misdiagnosis of atrial fibrillation based on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods We retrieved 2298 ECGs with the computerized interpretation of atrial fibrillation from 1085 patients. The ECGs were reinterpreted to determine the accuracy of the interpretation. In patients in whom the interpretation was incorrect, we reviewed the medical records to assess the clinical consequences resulting from misdiagnosis. Results We found that 442 ECGs (19%) from 382 (35%) of the 1085 patients had been incorrectly interpreted as atrial fibrillation by the computer algorithm. In 92 patients (24%), the physician ordering the ECG had failed to correct the inaccurate interpretation, resulting in change in management and initiation of inappropriate treatment, including antiarrhythmic medications and anticoagulation in 39 patients (10%), as well as unnecessary additional diagnostic testing in 90 patients (24%). A final diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation based on the initial incorrect interpretation of the ECGs was generated in 43 patients (11%). Conclusion Incorrect computerized interpretation of atrial fibrillation, combined with the failure of the ordering physician to correct the erroneous interpretation, can result in the initiation of unnecessary, potentially harmful medical treatment as well as inappropriate use of medical resources. Greater efforts should be directed toward educating physicians about the electrocardiographic appearance of atrial dysrhythmias and in the recognition of confounding artifacts.
Two-dimensional dissipation in third sound resonance

Abstract The first determination of non-linear superflow dissipation in a truly two-dimensional helium film is reported. Superfluid velocities were measured using third sound resonance on a closed superfluid film. The predicted power law dissipation function, with exponent of approximately eight, is observed at three temperatures in a film of 0.58 mobile superfluid layers.
Purification and Biochemical Comparison of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Deaminase Proteins Expressed in Delayed Ripening Tomato and Escherichia coli: Studies for a Food Safety Assessment

Tomato plants with delayed fruit ripening have been developed by introduction of the gene encoding the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCd) protein into the tomato genome. The ACCd enzyme delays fruit ripening by decreasing ethylene synthesis. To facilitate safety assessments of the ACCd protein, the identical coding sequence used for tomato transformation was introduced into Escherichia coli to produce gram quantities of the protein. A method that included hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography was developed to purify approximately 2.5 g ofACCd. The E. coli-produced ACCd protein was demonstrated to be chemically and functionally equivalent to the ACCd protein expressed in and purified from delayed ripening tomato fruit. The proteins from each source had comparable apparent molecular weights, immunoreactivities, primary amino acid sequences, and enzymatic activities, and both proteins lacked glycosylation. These data validate the use of E. coli-produced ACCd protein to assess the safety of ACCd produced in delayed ripening tomatoes.
Plasma properties of kiloampere discharges

Plasma properties and characteristics that are of interest to high-current switching devices have been investigated. Peak pulse currents up to 80 000 amperes have been used to generate dense plasmas in linear glass-metal diodes. Two tube diameters, 3 and 7.5 inches, have been studied. In the case of the 3-inch, diameter diode, the electrode separation was varied from 10.6 to 25.1 cm. Hydrogen gas was studied in the pressure range from 0.5 to 40 torr. Electron densities and temperatures have been determined using spectroscopic techniques. Densities were found to be in the 1016to 1017cm-3range. Plasma resistivities have been datermined from a knowledge of the density and temperature. The observed dependence of resistivity on current and pressure is discussed and the results are compared with resistivities obtained from tube-drop measurements. The effects of impurities and instabilities are also discussed.
The coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism with brain activation is similar for simple and complex stimuli in human primary visual cortex

Abstract Quantitative functional MRI (fMRI) experiments to measure blood flow and oxygen metabolism coupling in the brain typically rely on simple repetitive stimuli. Here we compared such stimuli with a more naturalistic stimulus. Previous work on the primary visual cortex showed that direct attentional modulation evokes a blood flow (CBF) response with a relatively large oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2 ) response in comparison to an unattended stimulus, which evokes a much smaller metabolic response relative to the flow response. We hypothesized that a similar effect would be associated with a more engaging stimulus, and tested this by measuring the primary human visual cortex response to two contrast levels of a radial flickering checkerboard in comparison to the response to free viewing of brief movie clips. We did not find a significant difference in the blood flow–metabolism coupling ( n = %ΔCBF/%ΔCMRO 2 ) between the movie stimulus and the flickering checkerboards employing two different analysis methods: a standard analysis using the Davis model and a new analysis using a heuristic model dependent only on measured quantities. This finding suggests that in the primary visual cortex a naturalistic stimulus (in comparison to a simple repetitive stimulus) is either not sufficient to provoke a change in flow–metabolism coupling by attentional modulation as hypothesized, that the experimental design disrupted the cognitive processes underlying the response to a more natural stimulus, or that the technique used is not sensitive enough to detect a small difference.
A Low-cost Neutron Radiography Device

Abstract A simple digital neutron radiography device consisting of an off-the-shelf Canon camera and a scintillation screen in a single-mirror refection configuration was tested at The Ohio State University Research Reactor. The device is capable of 5.8 (lp/mm) spatial resolution at 10% modulation transfer function (MTF), corresponding to 86 μm. Although this resolution is not on a par with a cooled CCD based system, it does provide a low-cost alternative with an adequate resolution and simplicity for applications where such ability is needed but resources are limited. The performance of the neutron imaging apparatus was quantified with the MTF, noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). While the perceptual contrast increases with neutron fluence, the MTF remains roughly constant and the total DQE levels off when a threshold fluence is reached.