cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calibration of NMR well logs from carbonate reservoirs with laboratory NMR measurements and μXRCT

Abstract The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well log data has the potential to provide in-situ porosity, pore size distributions, and permeability of target carbonate CO 2 storage reservoirs. However, these methods which have been successfully applied to sandstones have yet to be completely validated for carbonate reservoirs. Here, we have taken an approach to validate NMR measurements of carbonate rock cores with independent measurements of permeability and pore surface area to volume (S/V) distributions using differential pressure measurements and micro X-ray computed tomography (μXRCT) imaging methods, respectively. We observe that using standard methods for determining permeability from NMR data incorrectly predicts these values by orders of magnitude. However, we do observe promise that NMR measurements provide reasonable estimates of pore S/V distributions, and with further independent measurements of the carbonate rock properties that universally applicable relationships between NMR measured properties may be developed for in-situ well logging applications of carbonate reservoirs.
Solubility and partitioning of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in minerals and synthetic basaltic melts

The solubilities of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe gases were measured in natural samples of anorthite, diopside, forsterite, spinel, and synthetic basaltic melts, the samples which represent equilibrium pairs in the Fo-An-Di-SiO2 system. Results show that, in natural minerals, the solubilities of these gases increase with increasing atomic number. In contrast, the solubilities of noble gases in the synthetic basaltic melts decreased with increasing atomic number. The partition coefficients increased with increasing atomic number for all mineral/melt pairs.
What can ecology teach us about cancer

In 2008, Pienta et al. (Transl Oncol. 2008;1:158–164) introduced the term ecological therapy for cancer treatment and, in particular, emphasized that destruction of the tumor microenvironment would be more effective than just killing the cells that inhabit it. Proposed here is an expansion on the idea of ecological therapy of cancer, incorporating 1) literature on species invasion, i.e., a right cancerous clone needs to be at the right place at the right time to actually invade its environment, and 2) the literature on niche construction, that is, the idea that once a tumor is formed, cancer cells they modify their microenvironment (niche construction) by changing pH through glycolysis, secreting growth factors and recruiting tumor-associated macrophages to promote cell growth, activating fibroblasts, evading predation from immune system, making the cancer that much more difficult to eradicate. Paleontological literature suggests that the largestmass extinctions occurred when environmental stress that would weaken the population was coupled with some pulse destructive event that caused extensive mortality. To have the same effect on cells in the tumor, rather than, or at least in addition to, killing the cells, one would also need to target the niche that they created for themselves.
First Report of Verticillium Wilt of Ailanthus altissima in Virginia Caused by Verticillium nonalfalfae.

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, commonly known as tree-of-heaven, is an invasive tree species that has spread throughout the United States since its introduction in 1784 (2). During a survey i...
Plasmonic properties of film over nanowell surfaces fabricated by nanosphere lithography

In this work, a detailed and systematic study of the plasmonic properties of a novel film over nanowell surface is investigated. These nanostructures are fabricated using nanosphere lithography and reactive ion etching and structurally characterized by AFM and SEM. The resulting structures show remarkably narrow plasmon bands in reflectance spectra (as little as 0.10 eV) and greater sensitivity to external dielectric environment than has been seen in other nanoparticle systems, resulting in an improvement in the figure of merit (FOM = refractive index sensitivity (eV·RIU-1)/full width at half-maximum (eV)) for refractive index sensing. Theoretical modeling for the plasmon spectra of these nanostructures is done using discrete dipole approximation code under periodic boundary conditions. The modeling results match the measurements accurately in aspects of the variation of the plasmon line shape with altering internanowell distance and dielectric environment.
Fabrication of wire-grid polarizers and dependence of submillimeter-wave optical performance on pitch uniformity

We describe a device for fabricating high-precision free-standing grids of fine wire, suitable for use as polarizing elements for radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Computer control of the winding process makes changing grid parameters particularly convenient and flexible. We present measurements of the mechanical uniformity and of the optical performance of wire grid polarizers made with 25 μm and 10 μm diameter wire. The flexibility of computer control is exploited to introduce a known degree of randomness in the grid pitch (center-to-center wire spacing), allowing the dependence of polarizer quality on uniformity to be quantified. This information allows prediction of the fabrication tolerances required for polarizers to be used at very high frequencies.
Spatial citizenship education: Civic teachers׳ instructional priorities and approaches

Abstract This qualitative case study draws on interview and focus group data from six Civics teachers. As global education scholars assert, local, national, and global “levels of citizenship” do not occur in a vacuum, instead, each level is invariably connected to one another. Teachers in this study, however, placed different priorities on the levels – prioritizing the national, minimizing the local, and marginalizing the global. Participants also used different teaching strategies in order to teach the different levels: emphasizing knowledge acquisition and values transmission at the national level and more active civic behaviors at the local level.
Bounds on phase shifts

It is shown that for certain potentials, the WKB method yields a lower bound for the exact phase shift, and for some other potentials it yields an upper bound. Another method for obtaining bounds is also described.
Transition State Analogues for Nucleotidyl Transfer Reactions: Structure and Stability of Pentavalent Vanadate and Phosphate Ester Dianions

The structures and energy of phosphate dimethyl ester and vanadate dimethyl ester have been calculated using B3LYP/TZVP density functional quantum chemical methods and polarized continuum (PCM) and Langevin dipoles solvation models. These calculations were carried out to obtain fundamental information on the ability of vanadate esters to function as transition state analogues for the nucleotidyl transfer reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerases. Base-catalyzed methanolysis of the phosphate and vanadate dimethyl esters were the model reactions examined in this study. The structures of the phosphate and vanadate dimethyl esters and pentavalent intermediates in aqueous solution were optimized and evaluated at the PCM/B3LYP/TZVP level. The three-dimensional free energy surfaces for the studied reactions were determined at the PCM/B3LYP/TZVP//B3LYP/TZVP level. Comparison with experimental structural data obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database and with the observed kinetics of phosphate diester hydrolysis...
Second-Order Weak Lensing from Modified Gravity

We explore the sensitivity of weak gravitational lensing to second-order corrections to the spacetime metric within a cosmological adaptation of the parametrized post-Newtonian framework. Whereas one might expect nonlinearities of the gravitational field to introduce non-Gaussianity into the statistics of the lensing convergence field, we show that such corrections are actually always small within a broad class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity. We show this by first computing the weak lensing convergence within our parametrized framework to second order in the gravitational potential, and then computing the relevant post-Newtonian parameters for scalar-tensor gravity theories. In doing so we show that this potential systematic factor is generically negligible, thus clearing the way for weak lensing to provide a direct tracer of mass on cosmological scales for a wide class of gravity theories despite uncertainties in the precise nature of the departures from general relativity.
Adverse effects of concentrated green tea extracts

A myriad of health claims are being made in favor of the consumption of green tea. However, mostly due to the easy availability and greater than ever popularity of highly concentrated green tea extracts, sometimes combined with an attitude of more-is-better, certain health risks of green tea consumption have begun to emerge. Among such risks are the possibility of liver damage, the potential to interact with prescription drugs to alter their therapeutic efficacy, and the chance to cause harm when combined with other highly popular herbal remedies. This review will summarize documented examples of adverse effects of green tea in humans, and will discuss risks of copious consumption of highly concentrated green tea extracts as indicated by studies in animals. While there is no intention to minimize any of the scientifically established benefits of the use of green tea, the purpose of this review is to focus primarily on the potential for adverse effects and raise awareness of the rare, yet under-appreciated risks.
Evolution from ‘Tabs’ to ‘Chevron Technology’ - A Review:

‘Chevrons’, a sawtooth pattern on the trailing edge of exhaust nozzles, are being implemented on modern jet engines. The technology reduces jet noise for ‘separate-flow’ nozzles used on newer jet aircraft engines. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of this technology, starting with studies of ‘tabs’ in the 1980's and 1990's. The tabs, essentially chevrons with more aggressive penetration, were studied in those early years with a focus on mixing enhancement in jets. Observations from experimentalists in connection with mixing enhancement and plume signature reduction suggested that there might also be a noise benefit. In the mid-nineties, these devices, with mild penetration to minimize thrust loss, were first seriously explored for aircraft engine noise reduction purposes. Prompted by a strong need for jet noise reduction, the study became a joint NASA/industry effort that ultimately matured the chevron technology to production by mid-2000's. The process is an example of how fundamen...
Blood Cells in the Bone Marrow of the Chick Before and After Hatching

Abstract DURING the course of certain studies on the resistance of chicks to the pullorum disease (Roberts, Severens, and Card, 1939), data were collected on the blood cell activity in the bone marrow of chicks during the period of six days before hatching and seven days after hatching. The data presented here show the quantative changes in the blood cells of the bone marrow and circulation during this critical period in the development of the chick. METHODS Blood samples for cell counts of the circulating blood were drawn from the vitelline vein in the case of embryos and from the wing vein in case of hatched chicks. The chicks were killed with ether and both femurs and tibiae were dissected from the chicks and embryos. As soon as all adhering tissue had been removed from the bones, they were split in half along their longitudinal axis and immediately immersed in oxalated . . .
Up-regulation of tissue factor in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells after ultrafine particle exposure.

Particulate air pollution remains a threat to public health despite the decline in the ambient concentration in the past decades. It has been estimated by the World Health Organization that particulate matter (PM) exposure accounts for 800,000 deaths per year worldwide (Brook et al. 2004). The increased mortality has been attributed to respiratory and more recently to cardiovascular compromise (Borja-Aburto et al. 1998; Brook et al. 2004; Dockery 2001). Short-term exposure to polluted air for as little as 2 hr increases the risk of myocardial infarction in people at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (Peters et al. 2001). Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardiovascular health effects of PM. These hypotheses include pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation (Gurgueira et al. 2002), direct vasoconstriction (Huang et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005a), enhanced coagulation pathways (Nemmar et al. 2002b), and altered cardiac autonomic function (Gold et al. 2000). The ultrafine fraction of ambient pollutant particles [diameter < 100 nm, ultrafine particles (UFPs)] may represent a particular concern because these small particles can remain airborne for an extended period of time. Although they represent only a relatively small fraction of the total mass (Peters et al. 1997), UFPs are a substantial component of PM in the number of particles. Once inhaled, UFPs can be deposited in greater numbers in deeper lung zones than larger particles (Nemmar et al. 2002b) and have a greater potential to permeate the alveolar capillary barrier to be in contact with vascular endothelial cells. To better understand how UFPs may affect vascular endothelial cells, we profiled gene expression in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC) exposed to UFPs in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. We hypothesize that UFPs would induce transcriptional activation of genes related to the coagulation and inflammatory response which are signs of endothelial cell dysfunction. Cultured HPAEC were treated with Chapel Hill UFPs (100 μg/mL) or control for 4 hr. RNA from these samples was hybridized to Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 chips and analyzed for differentially expressed genes. We found that tissue factor (F3, Unigene accession no. 62192; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=unigene), coagulation factor II receptor-like 2 (F2RL2; Unigene accession no. 42502), interleukin 6 (IL-6, Unigene accession no. 512234) and interleukin 8 (IL-8; Unigene accession no. 624) were up-regulated. We further showed that the release of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by UFP was partially dependent on the activation of the tissue factor pathway.
Description of normal, log—normal and Rosin—Rammler particle populations by a modified version of the beta distribution function

Abstract Data generated by the normal, log—normal and Rosin—Rammler distribution functions were normalized and fitted with a slightly modified version of the beta distribution function. As long as the frequency function had a zero or practically zero value at the two ends of a finite size range, the fitted curves were, for all practical purposes, indistinguishable from the normal and Rosin—Rammler distributions. The fit of the modified beta function to narrow log—normal distributions was also excellent but it declined significantly as the distribution spread increased. It appears, though, that for real particle populations, having a finite size range, and not necessarily a perfectly smooth size distribution, the modified beta function can replace all three functions, thus providing a way to present and compare the different size distribution patterns in terms of a single mathematical expression.
Fluorescence Quenching of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in SDBS Surfactant Suspension by Metal Ions : Quenching Efficiency as a Function of Metal and Nanotube Identity

The effects of both the metal ion and the counterion on the fluorescence of SDBS-surfacted single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been investigated for solutions of group 2, 12, and 13 metal salts with a [Mn+] of between 0.5 and 5 mM per 15 mg.L-1 of SWNT. The following metal salts cause a decrease in fluorescence of the SWNTs: MgCl2, Mg(SO4), Mg(OAc)2, CaCl2, Ca(OAc)2, SrCl2, BaCl2, Ba(OAc)2, Zn(SO4), CdCl2, Cd(SO4), Cd(OAc)2, HgCl2, and Hg(OAc)2. In contrast, Ga2(SO4)3, and Al(NO3)3 show no reduction in fluorescence over the concentration range studied. The decrease in fluorescence is found to be due to quenching rather than bundling, acid suppression, or spectral bleaching. The Stern−Volmer quenching constants are found to depend on the identity of the metal ion, the anion, and the diameter (related to the n,m value) of the SWNT. For group 2 metals, the quenching efficiency follows the trend of increasing ionic radii (Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba), whereas the relationship between the group 12 metals is mor...
Determination of vanadium in serum by pre-irradiation and post-irradiation chemistry and neutron activation analysis

Vanadium in serum was investigated by pre-irradiation chemistry neutron activation analysis employing anion exchange chromatography and post-irradiation neutron activation employing solvent extraction techniques. From a comparison of these techniques it is concluded that vanadium is present in human serum in the sub-ppb range.
Regulation of Corneal Collagen Fibrillogenesis In Vitro by Corneal Proteoglycan (Lumican and Decorin) Core Proteins

Abstract Corneal transparency is dependent on the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within the corneal stroma. The corneal stroma is composed primarily of collagen type I fibrils and two proteoglycans; one with chondroitin/dermatan sulfate side-chains (decorin) and one with keratan sulfate side-chains (lumican). We investigated the effects of the corneal proteoglycans on corneal collagen fibrillogenesis, utilizing an in vitro assay for fibril formation. Collagen was extracted from bovine corneal stromas with 0·1 M acetic acid and monomers purified by NaCl precipitation, Decorin and lumican were extracted from bovine cornea/stroma with either 0·7 M NaCl or 4 M guanidine HCl and purified by DEAE and Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. Decorin and lumican from both extracts inhibited the rate of collagen fibrillogenesis and the development of turbidity in fibrillogenesis samples. Furthermore, the core proteins of decorin and lumican were shown to be as effective as the intact proteoglycans in inhibiting fibrillogenesis. The decorin core protein isolated from the 0·7 M NaCl extract was determined to be a 20 kDa fragment which lacks the C-terminal half of the core protein. This fragment was ≈ 1/36 as effective in inhibiting fibrillogenesis as intact decorin isolated from guanidine extracts. This suggests that the C-terminal half of the decorin core plays an important role in the interaction of this proteoglycan with collagen. Lumican extracted with 0·7 m NaCl was slightly smaller and was only one-sixth as effective in inhibiting collagen fibril formation as 4 M guanidine extracted lumican. Furthermore reduction and alkylation of lumican core protein abolished the inhibitory activity of the core protein on collagen fibrillogenesis. Electron microscopic examination indicated that fibrils formed in the presence of lumican and lumican core protein were significantly thinner than fibrils formed in the absence of proteoglycans. The results of these studies indicate that in addition to decorin, lumican retards corneal collagen fibrillogenesis and results in the formation of collagen fibrils which are significantly thinner than those formed in the absence of any proteoglycan. The inhibitory activity of lumican or decorin on collagen fibrillogenesis resides in the core proteins of these proteoglycans, not the glycosaminoglycan side chains, and that interaction of the lumican core protein with collagen appears to be dependent on the presence of disulfide bridges within the protein core.
Improving the Economic Values of the Recycled Plastics Using Nanotechnology Associated Studies

Recycled polystyrene (PS) cups were chopped up and separately incorporated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and NiZn ferrite (Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4) nanoparticles prior to electrospinning under different conditions. These nanoscale inclusions were initially dispersed well in dimethylformamide (DMF), and then known amounts of the recycled PS pieces were added to the dispersions prior to 30 min of sonication followed by 4 h of high-speed agitation at 750 r/min. The thermal, dielectric, surface hydrophobic, and magnetic properties of the resultant nanocomposite fibers were determined by thermal comparative, capacitance bridge, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and goniometer techniques, respectively. Test results confirmed that the physical properties of recycled nanofibers were significantly increased as a function of the inclusion concentrations, which may be because of their excellent properties. The consumption of polymeric products as well as their waste materials has dramatically grown worldwide. Although plastic recycling, reprocessing, and reusing rates are growing, the physical properties and economic value of recycled plastics are significantly low. Consequently, this work provides a detailed explanation of how to improve recycled plastics, making them into highly valued new nanoproducts for various industrial applications, including filtration, textile, transportation, construction, and energy.
Memories of Mickey Mouse: Young children recount their trip to disneyworld

Abstract What young children remember and how long they retain such information are crucial issues for the study of young children's memory. In this research, these issues were examined by asking children who visited Disneyworld at 37 or 49 months of age to recall their experience. Half of the children were interviewed 6 months after their trip, and the remaining children were interviewed after 18 months. Surprisingly, there were no effects for age or retention interval on the amount children recalled; all children recounted a great deal of accurate information about their Disneyworld experience. However, older children's reports were more detailed than younger children's, and older children tended to recall more information spontaneously than did younger children. Finally, there is some suggestion that children who talked about their Disneyworld experience more frequently with their families subsequently recounted more information during the memory interview. Implications for these findings are discussed.
From immunity to tolerance through HDAC

Regulation of expression of the gene encoding interleukin 10 by the histone deacetylase HDAC11 emphasizes the ability of an antigen-presenting cell to induce immunity or tolerance in CD4+ T cells.
Apolipoprotein E-induced cell signaling in the vessel wall.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34-kDa glycoprotein that circulates in plasma in association with various lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins, and a cholesterol-rich subclass of high density lipoproteins. In contrast to most other apolipoproteins, apoE is synthesized in many tissues, including the liver, brain, kidney, spleen, adrenal glands, and in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Normal apoE functions are necessary to protect against vascular occlusive disease. Its most well-known function is in lipid redistribution between different cells, particularly between cells in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. Hepatic synthesis of apoE promotes VLDL secretion [1], thereby promoting lipid distribution to peripheral cells. The apoE synthesized in the liver is also important in mediating hepatic clearance of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins and preventing their accumulation in plasma circulation. The process of apoE mediated lipoprotein clearance by the liver involves the participation of apoE associated with circulating lipoproteins as well as apoE secreted by the cells and retained on the cell surface through its binding to cell surface receptors and matrix proteins. Lipoproteins containing apoE can be taken up by the liver through its direct interaction with either the LDL receptor or the LDL receptor related protein-1 (LRP-1). ApoE-mediated hepatic lipoprotein clearance can also occur through a twostep process involving locally-derived apoE, LRP-1, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). The first step of this latter process is the secretion of cell-derived apoE and its retention on the cell surface through interaction with HSPG. The cell surface apoE is responsible for capturing circulating remnant lipoproteins and promoting their internalization through enhanced interaction with LRP1 and HSPG (Please see recent reviews in refs. [2,3]). Recent studies revealed that hepatic-derived apoE is more efficient than non-hepatic-derived apoE in mediating remnant lipoprotein clearance [4], suggesting the importance of locally-derived apoE in this process.
Render unto Darwin.

You probably haven't encountered a website for something called BioLogos. If you have, you will undoubtedly already have formed a strong opinion about it - it's that kind of site. If you haven't, you really ought to check it out http://www.biologos.org. It's the website for something called the BioLogos Foundation. According to its mission statement, "The BioLogos Foundation promotes the search for truth in both the natural and spiritual realms seeking harmony between these different perspectives." The foundation was established by Francis Collins with a grant from the John Templeton Foundation, a much older organization with a similar mission. And that, apart from its intrinsic interest, is why you should check it out, and why I'm wagering you will have strong opinions when you do. Francis Collins is the scientist who headed the publicly funded Human Genome Sequencing Project in the 1990s. Until last August he was the head of the National Human Genome Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which continues that work and funds much of the genome biology in the United States. And he just might be the next director of the NIH, the largest scientific research funding organization in the world.
Expanding Trauma through Space and Time: Mapping the Rhetorical Strategies of Trauma Carrier Groups.

In this article, I detail two rhetorical strategies that trauma carrier groups—including social movement organizations, professional mental health associations, and patient advocacy groups—use to expand the relevance of trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) through space and time: the social transmission of trauma and the social affiliation of traumatic experiences. With regard to social transmission, carrier groups claim that the psychological consequences of traumatic events are shared by members of established communities (a collective experience framework) and spread through social relationships (a social network framework). They expand the relevance of trauma and PTSD beyond those who directly experience the traumatic event at issue. With regard to social affiliation, carrier groups attribute common consequences to otherwise distinct events, making trauma and PTSD relevant to a growing variety of communities and individuals. Trauma carrier groups use both strategies to generalize a vocabul...
On the classification of balanced binary sequences of period 2^n-1 (Corresp.)

Let U be the set of all binary sequences of period p=2^{n}-1 containing (p+1)/2 ones and (p-1)/2 zeros per period. There is a lattice of interesting subsets of U , the smallest of which is the set PN (the maximum-length linear shift register sequences of period p ). In between are sets with the run statistics of PN , with the correlation properties of PN , with the "span- n property" (that every nonzero subseqnonce of length n occurs in each period), and others. Results concerning the interrelationships of these subsets are obtained, examples are given to show that certain intersections of subsets are nonempty, and conjectures are formulated regarding other intersections of subsets. For example, it is conjectured that all span- n sequences with the two-level autocorrelation property are in class PN . Some relationships between run properties and correlation properties of binary sequences are also obtained.
Method for Treating Discretization Error in Nondeterministic Analysis

A response surface methodology-based technique is presented for treating discretization error in non-deterministic analysis. The response surface, or metamodel, is estimated from computer experiments which vary both uncertain physical parameters and the fidelity of the computational mesh. The resultant metamodel is then used to propagate the variabilities in the continuous input parameters, while the mesh size is taken to zero, its asymptotic limit. With respect to mesh size, the metamodel is equivalent to Richardson extrapolation, in which solutions on coarser and finer meshes are used to estimate discretization error. The method is demonstrated on a one dimensional prismatic bar, in which uncertainty in the third vibration frequency is estimated by propagating variations in material modulus, density, and bar length. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the method for combining non-deterministic analysis with error estimation to obtain estimates of total simulation uncertainty. The results also show the relative sensitivity of failure estimates to solution bias errors in a reliability analysis, particularly when the physical variability of the system is low.
Parents who hit and scream: Interactive effects of verbal and severe physical aggression on clinic-referred adolescents’ adjustment

The goals of this study were first, to delineate the co-occurrence of parental severe physical aggression and verbal aggression toward clinic-referred adolescents, and second, to examine the interactive effects of parental severe physical aggression and verbal aggression on adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. This research involved 239 referrals of 11- to 18-year-old youth and their dual-parent families to a non-profit, private community mental health center in a semi-rural Midwest community. Multiple informants (i.e., adolescents and mothers) were used to assess parental aggression and adolescent behavior problems. More than half of clinic-referred adolescents (51%) experienced severe physical aggression and/or high verbal aggression from one or both parents. A pattern of interactive effects of mother-to-adolescent severe physical aggression and verbal aggression on adolescent behavior problems emerged, indicating that when severe physical aggression was present, mother-to-adolescent verbal aggression was positively associated with greater adolescent behavior problems whereas when severe physical aggression was not present, the links between verbal aggression and behavior problems was no longer significant. No interactive effects were found for father-to-adolescent severe physical aggression and verbal aggression on adolescent adjustment; however, higher father-to-adolescent verbal aggression was consistently linked to behavior problems above and beyond the influence of severe physical aggression. The results of this study should promote the practice of routinely assessing clinic-referred adolescents and their parents about their experiences of verbal aggression in addition to severe physical aggression and other forms of abuse.
Lunar orbital evolution: A synthesis of recent results

The present rate of tidal dissipation in the Earth-Moon system is known to be anomalously high, in the sense that the implied age of the lunar orbit is only 1.5×109 years, though other evidence suggests an age closer to 4×109 years. To assess how long the anomalous dissipation has persisted, we use published estimates of lunar orbital configurations derived from (a) fine grained sediments containing tidal laminations and (b) numerical ocean models averaged over varying ocean geometries. The implied histories of the lunar semimajor axis are surprisingly consistent over the past 109 years. The ocean models imply, on average, reduced dissipation in the past because of a spatial mismatch between tidal forcing and oceanic normal modes of higher frequencies. Webb's ocean model suggests that the “anomalous” oceanic dissipation began about 109 years ago and has been increasing since then.
Structural determinants for cross-talk between pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 and lipoyl domain 2 of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms (PDK1-4) are the molecular switch that down-regulates activity of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex through reversible phosphorylation. We showed previously that binding of the lipoyl domain 2 (L2) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to PDK3 induces a "cross-tail" conformation in PDK3, resulting in an opening of the active site cleft and the stimulation of kinase activity. In the present study, we report that alanine substitutions of Leu-140, Glu-170, and Glu-179 in L2 markedly reduce binding affinities of these L2 mutants for PDK3. Unlike wildtype L2, binding of these L2 mutants to PDK3 does not preferentially reduce the affinity of PDK3 for ADP over ATP. The inefficient removal of product inhibition associated with ADP accounts for the decreased stimulation of PDK3 activity by these L2 variants. Serial truncations of the PDK3 C-terminal tail region either impede or abolish the binding of wild-type L2 to the PDK3 mutants, resulting in the reduction or absence of L2-enhanced kinase activity. Alanine substitutions of residues Leu-27, Phe-32, Phe-35, and Phe-48 in the lipoyl-binding pocket of PDK3 similarly nullify L2 binding and L2-stimulated PDK3 activity. Our results indicate that the above residues in L2 and residues in the C-terminal region and the lipoyl-binding pocket of PDK3 are critical determinants for the cross-talk between L2 and PDK3, which up-regulates PDK3 activity.
Swing-Free Transport of Suspended Objects With a Path-Controlled Robot Manipulator

Objects which cannot be directly grasped by the end effector of a robot manipulator and must be carried by a hook or similar device are susceptible to swinging during transport. For a simply suspended object, it is possible to use a path-controlled manipulator to achieve a swing-free motion. The trajectory consists of an initial acceleration to an intermediate velocity, then a secondary acceleration to final velocity. An experimental demonstration of the method is presented.
Good sleep, bad sleep: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic measures in Insomnia, depression, and narcolepsy

Abstract Primary insomnia, major depression, and narcolepsy are usually considered to be separate disorders, distinguished by different polysomnographic profiles. But do polysomnographic data provide adequate evidence to segregate the three disorders, or might they display fundamentally the same sleep disturbance, differing only in degree? To test the viability of these two alternate hypotheses, the authors performed a meta-analysis of controlled polysomnographic studies of these disorders. A summary measure of degree of sleep disturbance was constructed from five variables: wakefulness after sleep onset, percentage of stage 1 sleep, percentage of stage 3 + 4 sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) latency, and REM density. The results of available studies for each variable were combined using a weighted average of effect sizes. An overall “sleep disturbance index” was then calculated by combining the estimates for the five above listed variables. On both the individual measures and especially on the summary index, insomnia, depression, and narcolepsy were arrayed on a simple continuum of progressively more severe sleep disturbance-congruent with the clinical observation that these disorders display progressively more disturbed sleep. These findings suggest that sleep can be disturbed in only a limited number of ways: in evaluating sleep architecture, it may not be possible to elaborate much beyond a single axis of good-to-bad sleep. Thus, polysomnographic measures may not provide adequate evidence to classify insomnia, depression, and narcolepsy as separate entities.
New directions in library binding: Life after “class a”

The Resources and Technical Services Division (RTSD) of the American Library Association sponsored the Library Binding Regional Institute, “New Directions in Library Binding: Life After ‘Class A”’ held September 16-17 in Atlanta, Georgia. The program featured 17 presenters, including both librarians and commercial library binders. The institute provided participants with an intensive and comprehensive view of library binding. About 120 people attended the institute, with some traveling from as far away as Alaska, Hawaii, and Canada. Supervisors and staff of serials, technical services, collection development, binding and preservation units, as well as several library binders, were present. The program included 11 presentations, a practicum session on decision-making for appropriate binding treatments, and a panel discussion on assessing needs and effecting change in library binding. Sally Grauer, Executive Director of the Library Binding Institute in Austin, Texas, officially opened the program. She gave a brief history of the Library Binding Institute’s Stondard for Library Binding (LBI Standard), noting that the first edition was published in 1934 with minimum specification standards for a well-defined process of library binding known as “Class A.” The eighth edition, published in 1986, eliminates the term “Class A” and offers instead a variety of binding specifications that are preservation-conscious and considered the standard for all library binding today. Grauer stressed that communication is the key to the new standard. She emphasized the importance of developing a good working relationship between librarians and their commercial binders, as they share the common goal of the preservation of library materials. Bruce Jacobsen, Vice President of the Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., discussed the nature of the library binding industry. He noted the changes that have influenced the development of the industry over the years and then focused on the many challenges that librarians and binders currently face. Librarians have to decide which materials are appropriate for each volume that they send to their binder, keep within their budget, and most importantly, know the abilities of the binder they are working with. The binders have had to move from
Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor in nonhibernating and hibernating marmots.

Plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was measured in 16 marmots at various times of the year. Nonhibernating males (n = 6) had an average plasma concentration of 56 ± 8 pg/ml; nonhibernating females (n = 6) had an average plasma concentration of 61 ± 4 pg/ml. During hibernation an additional group of females (n = 4) showed an average of 25 ± 5 pg/ml. Plasma ANF of both groups of nonhibernating marmots was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that the hibernating group, but there was no difference between nonhibernating males and females.
Biological and medical aspects of fats.

A key problem in structural studies of fatty acid glycerides is imposed by the sensitivity of shifts between the beta and alpha positions. The analogous aromatic esters, halides and ring structures tend to be more stable. Hence structures reported before 1923, when systematic studies were developed, were nearly all wrong or uncertain. The second major hurdle was to identify and control the position and configuration of the ethylene groups. Then two great leaps forward developed, in parallel, particularly in biological and medical research, when isotopes and micro chromatography became available. Now it is clear that each fatty acid has significant roles to play in normal biological functions and in relation to major problems in health and agriculture. These relationships are particularly fascinating and significant in relation to linoleic acid and the prostaglandins.
Sumoylation and the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (Smc) 5/6 Complex Slow Senescence through Recombination Intermediate Resolution

Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of chromosomes. Without telomerase, telomeres shorten with replication and eventually signal cell cycle arrest (cell senescence). Homologous recombination (HR)-based mechanisms slow senescence, and distinct HR mechanisms support the growth of the rare survivors of senescence. Here, we report novel roles for the post-translational modification of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in regulating the rate of senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase mutants. We identify Mms21 as the relevant SUMO E3 ligase and demonstrate that cells lacking Mms21-dependent sumoylation accumulate HR intermediates selectively at telomeres during senescence. One target of Mms21-dependent sumoylation is the cohesin- and condensin-related Smc5-Smc6 complex (Smc5/6). We show that hypomorphic smc5 or smc6 alleles exhibit phenotypes similar to mms21 sumoylation-deficient mutants with regard to senescence and the accumulation of unresolved HR intermediates. Further, we provide evidence that Mms21 and Smc5/6 prevent aberrant recombination between sister telomeres and also globally facilitate resolution of sister chromatid HR intermediates.
THE GAS-PHASE REACTIONS OF THE ALLENYL ANION WITH CS2, COS AND CO2

Abstract The allenyl anion reacts readily in the gas phase with CS2 and COS to form the thioketenyl anion. The reaction involves a complex series of cyclization and ring-opening reactions in which the central carbon of allene and the carbon of the neutral reagent become equivalent. Despite the complexity, the reaction with CS2 is useful in determining the site of deprotonation of unsymmetrical allenes. The reaction of the allenyl anion with CO2 produces only an adduct, because the cleavage reaction to the ketenyl anion and ketene is endothermic. However, the allenyl anion is produced if the reaction is carried out in the reverse direction. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Medications: A Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Among the aging U.S. population, patients are taking significantly more medications than in the past. In view of this, dentists should take careful medical histories, including use of herbal agents, and be aware of medication-related problems and their potential effect on the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease. This review highlights major concerns about medications as a risk factor for periodontal therapy. Medications and their impact on periodontal disease can be categorized as those which affect oral hygiene, diagnosis, gingival and oral mucosa, and alveolar bone.
Accessibility of Gender Stereotype Domains: Developmental and Gender Differences in Children

The present research examined developmental and gender differences in the relative accessibility of different gender stereotype domains. A 1988 Northeastern US sample of 256 children ages 3 to 10 years old provided open-ended descriptions of girls and boys. Responses were coded by domain to examine differences by grade, gender of participant, and gender of target. Analyses revealed that girls and older children provided a higher proportion of stereotypes, and that appearance stereotypes were particularly prevalent in descriptions of girls and activity/trait stereotypes were more prevalent in descriptions of boys. Results are discussed in terms of implications for research on the stereotype knowledge–behavior link and the need for more attention to the role of appearance stereotypes in the gender stereotype literature.
A New approach to chiral fermions on the lattice

Abstract We present a new method for implementing fermions with chiral couplings to gauge fields on the lattice.
Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as epidural hematoma: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: A case of acutely symptomatic epidural hematoma caused by metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the cranium is reported. This is a rare case of metastatic HCC without known primary presenting as an epidural hematoma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The patient presented with an acute onset of headache, aphasia, and right hemiparesis 2 weeks after he experienced minor trauma to the cranium. An emergency computed tomographic scan of the head revealed the presence of a left parietal epidural hematoma. INTERVENTION: An emergency evacuation of the epidural hematoma was performed, and metastatic HCC was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The patient's neurological deficits were reversed with surgical intervention, and he is now undergoing palliative chemotherapy. This was the first clinical manifestation of HCC in this patient. This case reaffirms the neurosurgeon's role in the complex, multidisciplinary care of patients with craniospinal metastasis.
On the structure and photodissociation dynamics of Ar + 3

Abstract New ab initio calculations are reported that indicate Ar+3 is a linear, asymmetric C∞v molecule with equilibrium bond lengths R1 = 2.47 A and R2 = 2.73 A. The potential energy surface is very shallow along the asymmetric stretch coordinate indicating excursions of the least bound argon atom of 0.5 to 0.7 A in the vibrational ground state. These calculations indicate Ar+3 is essentially an Ar+2. Ar cluster and support the interpretation of DeLuca and Johnson on the origin of the UV (300 nm) and visible (550 nm) photodissociation bands. New data are provided on the photodissociation dynamics as well, and implication of these data on the detailed dynamics discussed.
Cinacalcet and the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in rats with aldosteronism.

ABSTRACT Background In rats receiving aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST), increased Ca 2+ excretion leads to a fall in plasma-ionized Ca 2+ and appearance of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated intracellular Ca 2+ overloading inducing oxidative stress in diverse tissues. Parathyroidectomy prevents this scenario. Rats with ALDOST were cotreated with cinacalcet (Cina), a calcimimetic that raises the threshold of the parathyroids’ Ca 2+ -sensing receptor. Methods and Results We monitored plasma-ionized [Ca 2+ ] o , PTH, and total Ca 2+ in heart and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and evidence of oxidative stress in heart, PBMC, and plasma. Cina-treated rats for 4 weeks were compared with 4 weeks of ALDOST alone and with untreated age-/gender-matched controls. In comparison to controls, ALDOST led to a fall ( P 2+ (1.16 ± 0.01 vs 1.03 ± 0.01 mmol/L), which was not prevented by Cina (1.01 ± 0.03 mmol/L); a rise ( P P 2+ ] (3.92 ± 0.25 vs 6.78 ± 0.35 nEq/mg FFDT) and PBMC [Ca 2+ ] i (29.8 ± 2.3 vs 50.2 ± 2.3 nmol/L), each of which was prevented with Cina (3.65 ± 0.10 nEq/mg FFDT and 32.5 ± 6.0 nmol/L, respectively); increased cardiac MDA (0.56 ± 0.03 vs 0.94±0.07 nmol/mg protein) and PBMC H 2 O 2 production (63.5 ± 7.5 vs 154.0 ± 25.2 mcb) and reduced ( P α 1 -AP activity (39.8 ± 0.6 vs 29.6 ± 1.8 mM), each prevented by Cina (0.66 ± 0.04 mmol/mg protein, 58.2 ± 12.7 mcb and 37.0 ± 1.2 mM, respectively). Conclusions PTH-mediated intracellular Ca 2+ overloading accounts for the induction of oxidative stress in diverse tissues in rats with aldosteronism and which can be prevented by Cina.
On the use of green functions in atomic and molecular calculations V. The modified green functions of the atoms

Abstract We use previously derived expressions of atomic Green functions for the derivation of the modified Green functions, which belong to the atomic ground states. These modified Green functions may be used for formal perturbation treatments.