cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Aeroelastic Control of a Supersonic Wing Section with Flap

This paper concerns the adaptive control of a nonlinear 2-D wing-flap system operating in supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes. A number of issues related to flutter and post-flutter of 2-D supersonic lifting surfaces are addressed in this paper. Among those are: i) investigation of the implications of the non-linear unsteady aerodynamics and structural nonlinearities on the stable/unstable character of the limit cycle, and ii) study of the implications of the incorporation of control capability on both the flutter boundary and the post-flutter behavior. An output feedback control law is implemented and its performance toward suppressing flutter and limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) as well as reducing the vibrational level in the subcritical fl ight speed range is demonstrated. The control law proposed here is applicable to minimum phase systems and we provide conditions for stability of the zero dynamics. The control objective is to design a control strategy to stabilize the pitch angle while adaptively compensating for uncertainties in all the aeroelastic model parameters. It is shown that all the states of the closed-loop system are
A Note on the Universal Covering Space of a Surface

(1971). A Note on the Universal Covering Space of a Surface. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 505-509.
Romantic Relationship Advice From Anonymous Online Helpers: The Peer Support Adolescents Exchange

This empirical study investigates adolescents’ responses to peers’ personal accounts of romantic relationship difficulties posted to an online forum. We analyze 440 anonymous responses to personal ...
Determination of Ventilated Parameter and Optimization of Ventilation Design of Industrial Ventilation System in a Shoemaking Factory

[Objective]In order to control the volatilization and diffusion of benzene series in adhesive used in coating process in a shoemaking factory,the old ventilation equipment in?workshop was renewed,so as to make the benzene series concentrations inside and outside of workshop,and design of industrial ventilation system meet the requirements of related national law,regulation,standard and specification.[Methods]The field conditions were investigated,based on the principle of industrial ventilation,rational suggestion aimed at the absence of design idea of industrial ventilation system in preliminary project was put forward.According to field condition,the comportable type of dust-collector cover and wind velocity of control point were defined.The suitable area and wind exhaust volume were calculated systematically,which were accorded with the production technology and site requirements.The harmful gas purification equipment which met the air volume system requirement was adopted,and the noise reduction design was applied in whole ventilation system.The appropriate type of blower was chosen according to the local resistance and extension resistance of different segment in this ventilation system.[Results]The benzene series concentrations inside and outside of workshop were detected in the operating period of this ventilation system,and the highest concentrations of benzene,toluene and dimethylbenzene was 3.10 mg/m3,19.45 mg/m3 and 4.97 mg/m3,respectively,all of the results reached the national standard.Compared with old ventilation system,the concentrations of benzene series decreased significantly.The highest noise value was 47.6dB (A),which conformed to the national standard[Conclusion]This ventilation system can effectively control the volatilization and diffusion of benzene series,and meet the actual requirements of this shoemaking factory.
Religião e gênero: contribuições para o seu estudo na América Latina

An analysis of gender in religion based on disciplines as diverse as Biblical hermeneutics, feminist theology, sociology, anthropology, and the history of religions constitutes the presence of women and their political action within the various religious universes in our time. A re-vision will be presented here which will be panoramic and will take into account the contributions of some representative scholars who come from Catholicism, from institutional and historic Christianities, Evangelical and popular Christianities, and even the original religions of the American and African continents. These authors (all women) who are re-visited are creators within their own religious traditions, they seek to analyze the representations and popularization of women in their respective ambits, reformulating the criteria with which they are studied. They wish to recover women from their invisibility, examine their connectedness with religious authority, and re-evaluate their participation in the contemporary religious phenomenon.
A phaser-based real-time CMOS spectrum sensor for cognitive radios

Real time spectrum sensing can be useful for cognitive radio (CR) devices to detect primary signals without the need for a receiver, reducing complexity and false detection. In this paper, an integrated CMOS real time CR spectrum sensor in 57–354 MHz frequency band with a new integrable phaser is presented, which is the first real time spectrum sensor applicable to radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) area. The integrated chip has been fabricated in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS IBM technology and draws 11 mA from a 1.8 V supply voltage.
Habitat compression and expansion of sea urchins in response to changing climate conditions on the California continental shelf and slope (1994–2013)

Abstract Echinoid sea urchins with distributions along the continental shelf and slope of the eastern Pacific often dominate the megafauna community. This occurs despite their exposure to naturally low dissolved oxygen (DO) waters (
A modified energy-based approach for fatigue life prediction of superelastic NiTi in presence of tensile mean strain and stress

Abstract Fatigue behavior of superelastic NiTi (i.e. Nitinol) is experimentally investigated and an energy-based fatigue model is proposed to account for the effects of tensile mean strain and stress on fatigue resistance. Several zero and nonzero mean strain tests at various strain amplitudes were conducted on cylindrical fatigue specimens with uniform gage sections. Experimental results revealed significant detrimental effects of the tensile mean stress on the fatigue life of the superelastic NiTi. On the stress plateau, where a change in the mean strain did not significantly influence the stress value, fatigue lives were observed to be similar. A modified energy-based model is proposed to account for the effects of mean stress and strain on the fatigue behavior of superelastic NiTi. Among all the models investigated in this study, the proposed energy approach was able to better correlate the fatigue data with and without mean strains/stresses.
Analytical Methods to Characterize Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Recent observations on health benefits of breastfeeding and the related functions of human milk components have increased the interest in their structural analysis. Using biosynthetic rules, we can now computationally estimate all oligosaccharide structures that could occur in human milk; this virtual human milk glycan (HMG) database of more than 50,000 structures is available at http://unicarbkb.org/milk . Milk glycan functions are investigated by screening biologically relevant glycan binding proteins on a human milk shotgun glycan microarray with subsequent structural analysis of bound glycans using a metadata-assisted glycan sequencing approach, which combines binding and mass spectrometry data to define structure. The GlycomeSeq algorithm, implemented in a web application ( http://glycomeseq.emory.edu ), automatically predicts structure from the experimental metadata as a potentially high throughput, automatable method. Predicting structures based on matching experimental data against a knowledge base of all possible structures in a virtual or latent glycome represents a valid approach to defining any glycome.
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis as the Initial Presentation of Crohn’s Disease and Successful Treatment with Infliximab

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is not commonly associated in aminosalicylate-naive patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Our case describes the initial presentation, diagnosis, and management of an adolescent presenting with TIN and underlying CD. Our case emphasizes that CD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of interstitial nephritis as not only a medication-related effect, but also as an extraintestinal manifestation of CD. We also describe successful management of undiagnosed recurring and symptomatic CD-related TIN with infliximab.
Inorganic Nitrates: Qi for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction?

In 1847, the chemist Ascanio Sobrero announced a way to make highly explosive compounds. Among them was nitroglycerin, which he made by heating cellulose in the presence of nitric acid to generate a substance he noted resembled light-yellow olive oil (he was Italian after all). Alfred Nobel subsequently figured out how to stabilize the explosive part, ultimately developing dynamite. This made him rich but reportedly also contrite over the impact his invention had on military operations, leading to his creating the Nobel Prizes as a sort of societal payback. Meanwhile, a Scottish physician, T. Lauder Brunton, was using amyl nitrite to treat angina, and when it was later realized that men with coronary disease working in nitroglycerin and dynamite factories had fewer angina episodes while at work but more over the weekend, its clinical use took off.1 Nitroglycerin is still widely used to treat angina and organo-nitrates, such as isosorbide di-nitrate, and its active metabolite isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) with longer half-lives are also in clinical use. Article, see p 1151 This is recent history compared with what the Chinese uncovered more than a millennium earlier. They found medicinal value in salpeter (KNO3), an inorganic salt that dissociates in aqueous solution into nitrate anion. As explained in a text attributed to the fifth to sixth century Daoist alchemist and physician Tao Hongjing (Figure), the powder placed under the tongue caused heart qi (figuratively life force) to flow freely and treat chest pain and other conditions of cardiovascular distress.2 In addition to its medical and explosive utility, salpeter was used by the middle ages as a food preservative. The element shared by organo-nitrates, such as nitroglycerin and inorganic KNO3−, is nitrate (NO3−). Nitrate itself has no physiological effects, but must undergo a 3-electron reduction …
Service Providers Assessment of the Career Development Needs of Blind and Visually Impaired Students and Rehabilitation Clients and the Resources Available to Meet Those Needs.

The following study presents an overview of career development needs of blind and visually impaired individuals and discusses results of a 1983–84 survey of school teachers (grades K, 3, 6, 9 and 1...
Legionnaires' Disease: Clinicoradiological Comparison of Sporadic Versus Outbreak Cases.

Background: In 2015, New York City experienced the worst outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in the history of the city. We compare patients seen during the 2015 outbreak with sporadic cases of Legionella during the past 5 years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 90 patients with Legionnaires’ disease, including sporadic cases of Legionella infection admitted from 2010 to 2015 (n = 55) and cases admitted during the 2015 outbreak (n = 35). Results: We saw no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding demographics, smoking habits, alcohol intake, underlying medical disease, or residence type. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that patients with sporadic case of Legionella had a longer stay in the hospital and intensive care unit as well as an increased stay in mechanical ventilation. Short-term mortality, discharge disposition, and most clinical parameters did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Conclusions: We found no specific clinicoradiological characteristics that could differentiate sporadic from epidemic cases of Legionella . Early recognition and high suspicion for Legionnaires’ disease are critical to provide appropriate treatment. Cluster of cases should increase suspicion for an outbreak.
A Dynamic Mechanistic Model of Human Response Proposed for Human Reliability Analysis

A dynamic mechanistic model of human response for human reliability analysis is proposed in this paper. The model is comprised of three main components: information perception, knowledge base, and human reasoning and decision making. The activation based approach, which considers both stimulus-driven and goal-directed activations, is adopted model the impact of information perception on the reasoning process. An operator’s knowledge base is represented by a semantic network in the model. Activation propagation theory is applied to model human reasoning and decision making. Illustration of activation propagation through the relief-valve-stuck-open incident in the Three Mile Island accident demonstrates the feasibility of this approach. Additionally, the influences of two significant performance shaping factors, stress and fatigue, are integrated into the model.
Quantifying multi-scale pastoral mobility: Developing a metrics system and using GPS-Tracking data for evaluation

Abstract Mobility appears to be in decline in modern pastoralism, but measurement of mobility has been ambiguous. This paper develops a metrics system to evaluate multi-scale pastoral mobility, and uses continuous, frequent, cross-season GPS-tracking data to investigate movement patterns in five pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia. The metrics system includes both broad-scale indicators such as home range and number of camps, and fine-scale indicators such as herding loop length, daily maximum distance from camp, and angular distribution of observed cow locations. The findings suggest pastoral mobility patterns are highly heterogeneous, and there are clear trade-offs among different mobility indicators in pastoralists’ herding strategies. In contrast to conventional understanding that mobility declines when pastoralists settle down, I find evidence of sedentarized pastoralists engaging in more rigorous fine-scale movement than those who keep practicing camp relocation. Thus, pastoral mobility cannot be generalized according to any single indicator, and comprehensive evaluation is necessary to advance our understanding of pastoral mobility as a complex strategy to manage herds in the arid and semi-arid environments.
Air Force Hearing Conservation Program data 1998-2008: a cross-sectional analysis of positive threshold shifts.

ABSTRACTBackground: Noise-induced hearing loss is an area of concern for military personnel. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of hearing loss in military and civilian personnel enrolled in the Air Force Hearing Conservation Program between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008. Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional design. Data stored in the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System-Data Repository was analyzed. Results: Among military personnel, the logistic regression model demonstrated a protective effect for enlisted members (OR = 0.78, p < 0.0001) and women (OR = 0.63, p < 0.0001) and an increased odds of having a positive threshold shift (PTS) with increasing age group (OR = 1.919, p < 0.001). Among civilians, the logistic regression model demonstrated a protective effect for women (OR = 0.52, p < 0.0001) and increased odds of having a PTS with increasing age group (OR = 1.73, p < 0.001). When compared to military personnel, civilian personnel had ...
Some hypotheses regarding the nature of genomic regulation in differentiated cells

This chapter presents some hypotheses regarding the nature of genomic regulation in differentiated cells. It explains possible relevance of the operon concept and the nature of gene regulation in differentiated cells. In human lymphocytes, a sharp increase in the rate of RNA synthesis occurs within a few minutes of exposure to phytohemagglutinin. In this cell type, an immediate increase in the rate of acetylation follows the addition of phytohemagglutinin, preceding the change in RNA synthesis rate; however, in equine granulocytes, a cell type in which RNA synthesis is depressed rather than activated by phytohemagglutinin, histone acetylation is also depressed. The molecular species that must selectively recognize a particular genetic site must possess the property of binding (reversibly) with given sequences of genetic DNA and under normal conditions not with other DNA sequences.
Algorithmic Problems in Modeling and Electronic Prototyping

Abstract During the past fifteen years there have been significant advances in algorithm design, particularly in areas such as graph theory, number theory and combinatorics. Most of the progress has been on well defined problems with succinct definitions. There has been less progress on problems whose scope and definitional size are too complex to be fully comprehended by a single individual. Problems in this class often have the property that their specification evolves over time. This paper is concerned with developing the science base needed to support one such problem: electronic prototyping. Electronic prototyping involves modeling of physical objects to support activities such as computer aided design, engineering analysis, design verification and automated manufacturing. The size and complexity of a modelling system to support such activities requires new directions in algorithmic research. There are two aspects of the problem that differentiate the work from earlier work in algorithm design. The first is that physical objects with shape and mass are far more complex to represent than mathematical objects such as graphs. The second is that the complexity of the systems involved is such that a full understanding of the details is beyond the comprehension of an individual given today's abstractions. A research effort is needed to aid in design decisions concerning representations and modularizations of these systems.
Analytic Redundancy for Software Fault-Tolerance In Hard Real-Time Systems

This chapter develops a new methodology for the design of reliable control systems. The impressive capabilities of modern computers have enabled the implementation of highly sophisticated intelligent control methods even in relatively modest applications. However, the risk of software errors and the potential of failures due to unanticipated algorithmic behavior and modes of operation may increasingly exclude the use of such technologies in applications where timing or safety is critical. We present a new approach to software fault-tolerance that will ensure that high-performance intelligent control will be achievable together with high-reliability. The idea is based on redundancy of the controller software with a complementary reliable/high-performance structure that exploits a significant disparity between the two systems. We discuss various software error types and review current methods of software fault-tolerance. We present the new methodology, discuss issues that arise in its use and present experimental results for a particular control systems.
General Sensitivity Analysis of Differential Equation Systems

Sensitivity analysis is generally concerned with probing the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in mathematical modelling problems. The motivation behind seeking such information can be quite diverse, depending on the circumstances. Firstly, in many systems the para-meters or independent variables are imprecisely known, and knowledge of how this imprecision affects output (observables) is of considerable interest. Secondly, even in cases where the system input is precisely known the actual dynamics can obscure knowledge of which portions of the input control the relevant system observables. Thirdly, one may view all of the system variables, both dependent and independent, as forming a large set from which their original identities may be interchanged, depending on the physical questions of concern. Finally, there is the overriding issue of global para-meter space mapping whereby one would like to understand how the system behaves with regard to excursions in a finite region of parameter space. All of these issues may be addressed by appropriate sensitivity techniques [1], although some of the matters are easier to treat than others. In particular, the available practical sensitivity techniques tend to be local in nature, and global parameter mapping may remain an inherently difficult problem. For the most part, the present paper will not deal with the latter issue.
If You Give a Mouse a Cookie: Increasing Assessments and Individualized Feedback in Law School Classes

Our law school students and graduates need to have sophisticated critical thinking, writing, and problem-solving abilities to tackle the increasingly complex and higher-level thinking demanded of them in law school and the practice of law. Yet, a large number of law students are arriving at law school without those skills, and even more alarmingly, many of those students do not even realize that they are missing these skills or actually believe themselves to be more skilled than they are. Many law students are coming to law school with an inflated view of their own competency, and this overconfidence interferes with their learning by both encouraging them to belief that they know more than they actually do know and by limiting their ability to use feedback effectively. Thus, while the American Bar Association now mandates that law schools incorporate formative assessments into their courses, the formative assessments may not accomplish the goal of developing students’ critical thinking and communication skills unless these assessments are designed to address students’ shortcomings and to assist them in effectively using this feedback. This Article examines the authors’ attempt to address these issues by incorporating regular, bi-weekly short essay quizzes with individualized written feedback into traditional podium law school classes. In the first part of this article, we explore the reasons for deficits in critical thinking, problem-solving and writing in this current generation of law students. In the second part of the article, we discuss basic principles of cognitive science and how these principles help us understand why short essay quizzes with individualized feedback may help law students develop the critical skills and knowledge they need. Finally, in the last section, we explain in detail how we incorporated frequent low-stakes essay quizzes with individualized feedback into our classes and discuss our results. These results, while not entirely consistent, show that student performance can improve through the use of these assessments and individualized feedback.
Well-to-wheel environmental implications of fuel economy targets for hydrogen fuel cell electric buses in the United States

Abstract Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle technology is emerging as a promising option for the electrification of school or transit buses. For fuel cell electric transit buses, the U.S. government has set the fuel economy target at 8 miles per diesel gallon equivalent (MPDGE). However, life-cycle environmental implications of the 8 MPDGE target are currently lacking in the literature. In addition, no comparable target exists for fuel cell electric school buses. This study shows that achieving the fuel economy target (8 MPDGE) for fuel cell electric transit buses is likely to result in reductions of overall energy consumption and air emissions on a well-to-wheel basis, in comparison with diesel buses. For fuel cell electric school buses, 13 MPDGE fuel economy is expected to bring comparable benefits to those of their transit bus counterparts, in terms of well-to-wheel energy use and air emissions reductions. When it comes to the life-cycle environmental performance of fuel cell electric school/transit buses, it is critical to acknowledge that results can vary significantly depending on duty cycles, geographical factors, hydrogen fuel production pathways, and regional electric grids. All of these factors introduce nested (multilayered) variations in comparisons of diesel and fuel cell electric buses.
Incision of Pyrimidine Dimer Containing DNA by Small Molecular Weight Enzymes

In Micrococcus luteus the incision event during repair of DNA containing pyrimidine dimers has been shown in vitro to be a two-step enzymatic reaction. The first step results in the cleavage of the N-glycosylic bond between the 5′-thymine moiety of the pyrimidine dimer and the deoxyribose generating an apyrimidinic site (Apy) and a thymine-thymidylate dimer attached to the DNA. The second catalytic step involves phosphodiester bond hydrolysis 3′ to the Apy site generating a nicked DNA with an Apy site at its 3′ terminus and the mixed thymine-thymidylate dimer at the 5′ terminus.
An Investigation into the Causes of C OSS Losses in GaN-on-Si HEMTs

In high-frequency, soft-switched power converters, off-state losses from resonantly charging and discharging the semiconductor output capacitor, or "C OSS losses", have severely limited the achievable performance. In this work, we investigate the origin of these losses in GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) using TCAD simulation and experimental techniques, and find that C OSS losses can be separated into resistive loss and GaN-stack trap related loss. The resistive loss, or i2R losses, are a combination of resistance in the GaN stack and the Si substrate, and we detail the effect of displacement current through the highly-resistive substrate layer. The GaN-stack trap-related loss is dominated by trapping dynamics. An estimated contribution percentage from these two dominant loss mechanisms is calculated and presented to focus future efforts on solving these two problems.Our insights are supported by device simulation and experimental, including supplementing the Sawyer-Tower test technique with external substrate resistors and temperature variation. From device simulation, we observe the expected dependence of substrate displacement current on dV/dt, and the importance of resistive loss is further confirmed with an experimental Sawyer-Tower test with an external resistor attached to the substrate. Under the assumption that the resistive loss is insensitive to temperature change, GaN-stack trap related loss is investigated with the temperature-controlled Sawyer-Tower test, pointing to the criticality of trapping dynamics in C OSS losses.
Enhancing smoking cessation rates in primary care.

BACKGROUND The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guidelines on smoking cessation recommend that primary care physicians provide both brief advice against smoking and follow-up care for all smokers. Surveys show that although physicians understand the importance of smoking cessation, the actual implementation of these guidelines is limited. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of 2 different approaches to smoking cessation counseling: practice-based and community-based. METHODS Both smoking cessation approaches consisted of 1 recruitment session and 6 computer-assisted counseling sessions. In the practice-based approach, counseling was provided by office nurses and telephone counselors; in the community-based approach, the counseling was given by telephone counselors only. Four practices in 3 mid-Michigan communities participated, including 120 physicians and 487 patients who were smokers. The physicians were trained to provide brief advice for smoking cessation consistent with the AHCPR guidelines; the nurses and telephone counselors were trained in relapse prevention, computer skills, and individual case management. Sixty-two percent of the participants obtained free nicotine replacement therapy. RESULTS At 6 months, quit rates (7-day smoke-free status) were 35% in the practice-based group and 36% in the community-based group. Participants who completed at least 4 sessions showed higher quit rates than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Nurses in primary care practices and counselors can be trained to deliver effective relapse-prevention counseling during office visits and by telephone. Our study showed an increase in the reported rates of smoking cessation by using these counseling methods.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiology Trainees.

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on radiology training programs has been profound and continues to increase as case counts rise; the authors of this report provide an overview of major proble...
T Cell Metabolism in Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint therapies aiming to enhance T cell responses have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, although a small fraction of patients develops durable anti-tumor responses, the majority of patients display only transient responses, underlying the need for finding auxiliary approaches. Tumor microenvironment poses a major metabolic barrier to efficient anti-tumor T cell activity. As it now well accepted that metabolism regulates T cell fate and function, harnessing metabolism may be a new strategy to potentiate T cell-based immunotherapies.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Malware Analysis

This tutorial provides a review of the state-of-the-art research and the applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for malware analysis. We will provide an overview, background and results with respect to the three main malware analysis approaches: static malware analysis, dynamic malware analysis and online malware analysis. Further, we will provide a simplified hands-on tutorial of applying ML algorithm for dynamic malware analysis in cloud IaaS.
On a theorem of Barbara Schmid

Let G be a finite group and p: G GL(n, C) a complex representation. Barbara Schmid has shown that the algebra of invariant polynomial functions C[V]G on the vector space V = Cn is generated by homogeneous polynomials of degree at most ,3, where ,3 is the largest degree of a generator in a minimal generating set for C[reg,(G)]G, and reg,(G) is the complex regular representation of G. In this note we give a new proof of this result, and at the same time extend it to fields F whose characteristic p is larger than IGI, the order of the group G. Let p: G GL(n, F) be a representation of a finite group G over the field F. Then G acts on the vector space V = Fn, and hence also on the algebra F[V] of polynomial functions on V. The algebra fixed by this action is called the ring of invariants, and is denoted by F[V]G. Note that F[V]G depends on p, but p does not appear in the notation. Despite this, no confusion should arise. By theorems of D. Hilbert [1] and E. Noether [2], [3] it is known that F[V]G is finitely generated as an algebra over F (see also [5], Chapter 2, to which we refer for basic facts from invariant theory). The maximal degree of a generator in any minimal generating set for F[V]G is denoted by :(p). This is nothing but the degree of the Poincare polynomial P(QF[V]G, t) of the module of indecomposable elements QF[V] = F &F[V]G lF[V]G = lF[V]G/(F[V]G)2 where F[V] denotes the augmentation ideal of F[V]G. (See for example [5], Chapter 4 and Section 5.1.) In [4] Barbara Schmid proved, among other things, that for a complex representation p: G GL(n, C) :3(p) -? GL(IG , C) is the complex regular representation of G. The purpose of this note is to provide what I feel is a more conceptual proof of this theorem, which, at the same time extends the result to the strong nonmodular case [7]. Specifically1 we will prove: Theorem. Let G be a finite group of order d and F a field of characteristic p. If p > d, then /3(p) -? GL(n,IF), where reg&(G): G >-? GL(d, F) is the regular representation of G over the field F. Received by the editors July 1, 1998 and, in revised form, September 8, 1998. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 13A50. 'It is perhaps worthwhile to note that the proof of [4] uses the complete reducibility of GL(n, C) in an essential way, so it cannot be extended to arbitrary ground fields. In particular, it does not extend to the strong non-nonmodular case. (?2000 American Mathematical Society 2199 This content downloaded from 40.77.167.19 on Sun, 22 May 2016 04:20:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Doubt and Skepticism in Antiquity and the Renaissance

Introduction Part I. 'Farewell the Tranquil Mind': Tragic Doubt in Homer's Iliad, Sophocles' Philoctetes, and Shakespeare's Othello: 1. Achilles' doubt and the construction of a heroism-at-one-remove in Homer's Iliad 2. Moral doubt and the contradictory claims of pity in Sophocles' Philoctetes 3. 'Do as if for surety': doubt and delusions of certainty in Shakespeare's Othello Part II. Comic Skepticism and Polytropic Strategies in Homer's Odyssey, Aristophanes' Women of the Thesmophoria, and Shakespeare's As You Like It: 4. Wandering Odysseus, pyrrhonist Penelope, and the return from alienation in Homer's Odyssey 5. Parody, androgyny, and skeptical inversions of gender and genre in Aristophanes' Women of the Thesmophoria and Shakespeare's As You Like It Part III. Skepticism, Politics, and Rhetoric in the Works of Cicero, Machiavelli, and Montaigne: 6. Skeptical constructions of identity in Roman and Renaissance humanism 7. Academic skepticism and Cicero's republican politics 8. A Ciceronian Machiavelli 9. Montaigne's pyrrhonist politics.
Why Does A Small Power Lead? ASEAN Leadership in Asia–Pacific Regionalism

Asia–Pacific regionalism is quite different from its counterparts in other regions of the world. Most notably, it displays an extremely low level of institutionalization and is led by a small/weak power (i.e., ASEAN), rather than major powers in the region. ASEAN leadership stressing dialogue and consensus without enforcement mechanisms inevitably produces weak regional institutions that are ineffective in resolving region-wide security and economic problems. Contending that the main source of the small power-driven (i.e., ASEAN-led) Asia–Pacific regionalism is the influence rivalry and leadership competition among the three major powers (the USA, China, and Japan) in the region, this article seeks to articulate the conditions under which the weak power of ASEAN takes the lead in the process of regional security and economic cooperation.
Movement of Sea Bed Drifters Near the Columbia River

Seabed drifters were released on the continental shelf within 50 km of the mouth of the Columbia River to study near-bottom water and sediment movements. From June, 1966 to October, 1966, the net movement in water deeper than 55 m was northward; at lesser depths, the movement was southward and toward the coast. Drifters grounded in considerable numbers on the ocean beach within 5 km north of the north jetty of the Columbia River and also on Clatsop Spit 5 km upriver on its south bank. Relatively few were found on the ocean beach near the south jetty. The movement near shore is in agreement with that deduced for bottom water, considering the prevailing seasonal winds and waves and the intrusion of seawater into the estuary.
The Use of Meta-level Information in Learning Situation-Specific Coordination

Achieving effective cooperation in a multi-agent system is a difficult problem for a number of reasons such as limited and possibly out-dated views of activities of other agents and uncertainty about the outcomes of interacting non-local tasks. In this paper, we present a learning algorithm that endows agents with the capability to choose the appropriate coordination algorithm from a set of available coordination algorithms based on meta-level information about their problem solving situations. We present empirical results that strongly indicate the effectiveness of the learning algorithm.
Flow-generating capability of the isolated skeletal muscle pump

We sought to test directly whether the mechanical forces produced during rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation act on the muscle vasculature in a manner sufficient to initiate and sustain bloo...
When Is a Face No Longer a Face? A Problematic Dichotomy in Visual Detection Research

Countless studies have reported that individuals detect threatening/angry faces faster than happy/neutral faces. Two classic views have been used to explain this phenomenon—that negative valence drives the effect, or conversely, that low-level perceptual characteristics of the stimuli are responsible for their rapid detection. In the current review, I question whether dichotomous perspectives are the most parsimonious way to explain a large and inconsistent literature. Further, I argue that nondichotomous, multicomponent accounts for the detection of emotionally valenced stimuli might help take us beyond traditional approaches to visual detection research, and I suggest various ways in which future research can use these newer approaches to more effectively elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rapid detection of emotionally valenced stimuli.
Abstract 204: HAX-1: A Novel Regulator of Energetics and Oxidative Stress in the Heart

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium handling is central not only in the control of heart function during excitation-contraction coupling but also in mitochondrial energetics and apoptosis. Recent studies have identified the anti-apoptotic protein, HS-1 associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as a novel regulator of SR calcium cycling. Although HAX-1 has been shown to localize to mitochondria in various tissues, we found out that it also localizes to SR through its interaction with phospholamban (PLN) in cardiac muscle. Acute or chronic overexpression of HAX-1 in cardiomyocytes promoted PLN inhibition on the calcium ATPase (SERCA) and decreased cardiomyocyte calcium kinetics and contractile parameters. Accordingly, ablation of HAX-1 significantly enhanced SERCA activity and calcium kinetics. Furthermore, the HAX-1/PLN interaction appeared to also regulate cardiomyocyte survival. Indeed, overexpression of HAX-1 and the associated depressed SR Ca-load attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis, as evidenced by reduction of both caspase-12 activation and pro-apoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein induction during ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, the depressed SR Ca-cycling by HAX-1 overexpression was associated with reduced mitochondrial Ca-load as reflected by: a) hyper-phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and decreases in its activity, to diminish ATP production consistent with the attenuated energetic demand in these hearts; and b) reduced levels of reactive oxygen species, indicating protection from oxidative damage and preserved mitochondrial integrity. These findings suggest that HAX-1 is a key regulator of Ca-cycling, apoptosis and energetics in the heart. Thus, decreases in HAX-1 levels, observed during ischemia/reperfusion injury, may contribute to the deteriorated function and progression to heart failure development.
Ensuring that Training Pays Off

Libraries devote considerable money to providing continuing education and staff development, but initial research suggests that there is little “pay off” to continuing education efforts, that less than half of all training transfers to the work place. While a wide range of activities may be used to promote the transfer of training to the job, evidence shows that librarians do not often engage in such activities. Ways of strengthening support for transfer of training in libraries — and thereby enhancing the performance of the library's personnel — are suggested.
Novel neurotensin analog blocks the initiation and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization

Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide that participates in regulation of dopaminergic pathways implicated in nicotine addiction. Previously, we showed that one of our brain-penetrating neurotensin analogs, NT69L, blocks nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization. The present work demonstrates that NT69L blocks both the initiation and the expression of sensitization. In addition chronic NT69L administration blocked the acute effects of nicotine on norepinephrine and serotonin in prefrontal cortex.
Sex differences in lateralization for spatial abilities

Sex differences in cerebral lateralization for spatial abilities were studied using a dual-task paradigm. In the first phase of this experiment, both males and females were found to display similar cerebral lateralization patterns for manipulospatial processing of block designs across two levels of difficulty. There was no evidence of laterality effects in right-hand or left-hand tapping, but analysis of trade-off effects revealed that both males and females took significantly longer to solve the block designs when simultaneously tapping with the right hand and manipulating the block designs with the left hand. No specific lateralization patterns were found either within or between sexes. In Phase 2 of this study, it was observed that females may use a verbal mediation strategy in manipulospatial processing insofar as interference effects were found during concurrent vocalization and manipulospatial processing in females.
Effect of enzymatic methylation of apocytochrome c on holocytochrome c formation and proteolysis

Abstract 1. 1. Methylation of the lysine at residue 72 of yeast apocytochrome c increases its import into mitochondria. 2. 2. Using methylated and unmethylated apocytochrome c as substrate and intact yeast mitochondria and a solubilized mitochondrial fraction as a source of cytochrome c heme lyase, the results show that the methylation state of the apoprotein has no significant effect on its conversion to holoprotein. 3. 3. The above result suggests that the import mechanism is separate from the heme-attaching activity. 4. 4. Unmethylated apocytochrome c was less resistant to a yeast homogenate fraction than methylated apocytochrome c, suggesting that methylation of apocytochrome c alters the conformation of the whole protein.
On the effects of elastic stress on the motion of fully faceted interfaces.

Abstract In this paper we develop conditions that govern the evolution of a fully faceted interface separating elastic phases. To focus attention on the effects of elastic stress, we restrict attention to interface-controlled kinetics, neglecting bulk transport; and to avoid geometric complications, we limit our discussion to two space-dimensions. We consider a theory in which the orientations present on the evolving particle are not necessarily those given by the Wulff shape: we allow for metastable crystallographic orientations as well as stable orientations. We find that elastic stress affects the velocity of a facet through the average value of the normal component of the jump in configurational stress (Eshelby stress) over the facet. Within our theory singularities in stress induced by the presence of corners do not influence the velocity of the facet. We discuss the nucleation of facets from corners; the resulting nucleation condition is shown to be independent of elastic stress. We also develop equations governing the equilibrium shape of a faceted particle in the presence of elastic stress.
So You Want to Do an Online Study: Ethics Considerations and Lessons Learned

The use of the Internet in conducting psychological research has become increasingly common over the past few decades, as Internet access has become more widespread. Although web-based work has a number of benefits, including lower cost, easy access to large samples, and strict standardization of administration, the limitations must also be considered. Among these limitations are the ethics concerns related to conducting psychological research online. These concerns include limitations in maintaining confidentiality, conducting thorough informed consent, and conducting valid assessment. Particular focus is given to the limitations inherent in conducting a fully automated online study. All of these limitations are discussed in detail through both a review of existing literature and the brief review of a recent study. The recent study identified areas in which participants struggled with completing a fully automated online task. This article discusses the ethics implications of Internet research as well as ...
Bronchoscopic and Roentgenographic Correlates of a Positive Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in the Staging of Lung Cancer

A study was conducted to determine the bronchoscopic and chest roentgenographic findings associated with a positive TBNA. One hundred fifty-seven of 465 patients who were diagnosed for the first time as having carcinoma of the lung had a positive aspirate. Bronchoscopic findings associated with a positive TBNA of N2 nodes were carinal widening and endobronchial disease, especially of the right upper lobe. Mediastinal adenopathy noted on chest roentgenograms and subcarinal nodes on CAT scans were associated with a positive aspirate as well. In 34 of 465 patients, TBNA was the only means of establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy. A useful, simple and safe procedure, TBNA can be used to stage the mediastinum in patients with lung cancer and is most likely to be positive with endobronchial and nodal disease. It can also facilitate therapeutic decision-making in patients whose surgical candidacy is marginal.
TH-D-BRD-01: New Developments in The Computational Environment for Radiotherapy Research (CERR) Software System

Purpose: CERR continues to be used across the world for radiotherapy research, and was downloaded over 1,000 times in the last year. We present recent improvements and changes to the system in response to user requests and research needs. Methods: New developments in the last year include: (1) integration of more powerful image registration tools (a multi‐scale demons algorithm), (2) the development of an extensive plan robustness analysis module (used to statistically simulate the effect of random, systematic, and contouring variations over a course of treatment), (3) generalizations to the java‐based DICOM input and output, (4) documentation now available via an extensive wiki page, and (5) a new tool that indicates the location of cold spots in a target volume by plotting the distance to the edge of a target volume for each voxel below a user‐selected dose threshold. Results: The image registration module has been stabilized and is being used extensively. The plan robustness module provides the statistical effect on DVH curves of presumed uncertainties. These ‘dose‐distance histograms’ give the user a simple graphical method for understanding the location of cold spots in target volumes. Documentation is now much more extensive. Conclusion: The updates to CERR will enhance user experience in using image registration and plan QA to validate treatment plan. Partially supported by NIH grants R01 CA11820 and R01 CA85181.
Orientational dynamics of molecular liquid oxygen

The orientational behavior of liquid oxygen is studied by probing its molecular dynamics with a picosecond birefringence technique. Temperature-dependent measurements provide a means to distinguish orientational relaxation processes from intermolecular collisional effects. The results are compared with a hydrodynamic model which reveals the importance of bimolecular forces on the rotational dynamics.
Cholinergic activity of aged rhesus monkeys revealed by positron emission tomography.

In the present study, the radiotracer [(18)F] (+)-4-fluorobenzyltrozamicol ((+)-[(18)F]FBT) and positron emission tomography (PET) were used to examine the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and determine if presynaptic cholinergic activity was altered with age in 23 rhesus monkeys that varied in age from 10 to 37 years. Binding of (+)-[(18)F]FBT in the basal ganglia was reduced significantly with increasing age of the monkeys. However, there were individual differences noted in that some middle-aged and aged monkeys demonstrated levels of (+)-[(18)F]FBT binding that were comparable to the binding measured in adult monkeys. These data indicate that presynaptic cholinergic function may decrease with age, but that there may be a differential susceptibility of the cholinergic system to the aging process in different individuals.