cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a Curriculum of Rhythm: Learning at the Speed of Sound

This paper examines rhythm and repetition as possibilities for curricular wide-awakeness. When a rhythm is established, an expectation is established with it: patterned beats create momentum, so that subsequent beats arrive to a place that has been prepared by anticipation. But what happens when the rhythm stops? Grounded in the repetition of footsteps that constitute walking, this paper explores how rhythm offers pedagogical possibilities for curricular reconstruction, looking to the way that expectations for the future are informed by habits of listening to the present. It begins by framing the experience of monotony that can cloud sensitivity to daily life. Suggesting that “biographic situations” can be understood as beats in a historical phrase, the paper discusses poly-rhythms as invitations to observe, reflect and participate in the making of (rhythmic) history. Drawing on Deleuze, Pinar and Butler, it emphasizes the productive precarity of rhythm that is imminently falling away into the past, clearing spaces for new possibilities for imagining how circumstances and reactions could be otherwise. It concludes with a call to recognize the complexity of breaking with pre-established patterns of expectation, using sonic experience as practice for the cultivation of historical agency and ontological self-awareness.
TRANSFER RNA PROCESSING AND GENE REGULATION

ABSTRACT Transcripts of tRNA genes in prokaryotes include sequences from adjacent genes coding for rRNA, protein or other tRNAs. RNA processing events do not merely tailor the gene transcripts to the final size of mature tRNAs but also must play a role in the regulation of expression of cotranscribed genes as is especially evident in mammalian mitochondria. A role in gene regulation is not so apparent for nuclear tRNA genes of eukaryotes. An important enzyme in the processing of the 5′ termini of tRNAs is RNase P, which is a ribonucleoprotein. The gene coding for the RNA subunit of this enzyme from E. coli has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The gene transcript has five contiguous nucleotides which are complementary to an invariant region in tRNA and which may be important in determining the substrate recognition properties of RNase P.
Power in Electoral Games

The study of collective decisions is the study of power. In order to know what decisions are made it is first necessary to know who has the power to make and implement them. ‘Power’ is a common sense term that one intuitively feels refers to major political and social phenomena. Procedures for collective decision making are required because there is not a consensus in the collectivity. Somehow, the power of the contenders seems to determine the distribution of wins and losses. Perhaps because the term has such a general reference, students of the subject have produced definitions without clearly specifying the scope of the definitions’ applicability. The lack of communsurability of scope has made the comparison of the definitions difficult. Rather than banish the concept from scientific discourse7(as proposed by William Riker),1 this paper tries to clarify it by carefully defining the scope of this application and showing that, within that limited scope, application of several of the major definitions of power yields identical results.
Traffic patterns of B cells and plasma cells.

B cells at various stages of development and activation undergo specific migration events that are important for their function. A majority of the immature B cells emerging from the bone marrow home to spleen and after a short period of further maturation become competent for migration into B cell follicles. Most B cells join the conventional or B2 subset and recirculate between lymphoid follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. Smaller numbers of cells take a different path, differentiating to B1 cells which preferentially lodge within the body cavities. Following encounter with antigen, conventional B cells redistribute from follicles to T cell zones where they interact with helper T cells. Antigen-stimulated B cells that differentiate to IgM- or IgG-secreting plasma cells leave the T and B cell areas and migrate to splenic red pulp, lymph node medullary cords or bone marrow. Each of these migration events contributes to regulate B cell fate and understanding the factors controlling B cell migration has been a major goal of our work. Here we describe our recent findings showing the roles played by chemokines (Cyster, 1999; Zlotnik and Yoshie, 2000) in controlling the positioning of B cells and plasma cells.
On the Complexity of Set Packing Polyhedra

We review some of the more recent results concerning the facial structure of set packing polyhedra. Utilizing the concept of a facet-producing graph we give a method that can be used repeatedly to construct (arbitrarily) complex facet-producing graphs. A second method, edge-division, is used to further enlarge the class of facet-defining subgraphs.
Workplace Discrimination, Good Cause, and Color Blindness

By general consensus, employers are morally obligated to not discriminate. But do we really know what unethical discrimination in the workplace is? If we try to explain exactly what it is, we may soon discover that we are not as clear about it as we had thought. Let us consider what we may call the Bank Teller case. In a small town in the year 1925, one of the town’s two banks, State Trust, has a teller who is a black person. Although this teller’s job performance is fine, the bigoted townspeople are expressing their disapproval of having a black person handling their money by taking their business to the town’s other bank. This is causing a slow, but continuous loss of business for State Trust, which, although not threatening to the bank’s existence, is nevertheless responsible for a serious, steady drain upon its profits. For the purpose of preventing any further drain upon profits, State Trust, with expressions of genuine regret, terminates the teller’s employment. Does terminating his employment constitute unethical, workplace discrimination? Let us also consider affirmative action, in the form of preferential treatment for minorities and women. Is it, as its opponents claim, simply another form of unethical discrimination? If not, exactly why not? If questions such as these are to be answered adequately, we need an exact account of what unethical, workplace discrimination really is. Since our concern is with morality, not law, we should suspend judgment about the legal status of any hypothetical cases we will consider, and concentrate only on their moral status independent of any law. For practical purposes, their legal status is important. But for theoretical purposes, their moral status is even more important since, ultimately, law should be guided by justifiable morality.
Modulation and Equalization

In this chapter we examine the performance of a number of modulation schemes for wireless infrared communication systems. At first, we neglect multipath dispersion. We review the unique characteristics of the intensity-modulation channel, which differs from a conventional linear Gaussian-noise channel in two ways: the input cannot be negative, and the average amplitude — not power — of the input is limited. We then compare the power efficiency and bandwidth efficiency of a number of modulation schemes for the intensity-modulation channel. We find that the intensity-modulation channel favors baseband modulation schemes over subcarrier and multiplesubcarrier modulation schemes, particularly those baseband modulation schemes with low duty cycles like pulse-position modulation (PPM). Unfortunately, at high data rates, the performance of PPM is severely degraded by multipath dispersion. Therefore, we also investigate several detection and equalization strategies for PPM in the presence of multipath dispersion.
Where Do We Look? Assessing Gaze Patterns in Cosmetic Face-Lift Surgery with Eye Tracking Technology.

Background:Aesthetics plays a central role in determining success in plastic surgery. Understanding perceptions of favorable aesthetics is critical to ensure patient satisfaction. Eye-tracking technology offers an objective way of evaluating attention and understanding how viewers direct their focus
CS-24 Association of lipoprotein subfractions and glycoprotein acetylation with coronary plaque burden in systemic lupus erythematosus

Background Subjects with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) display an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is not explained by Framingham Risk. This study sought to investigate the utility of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements of serum lipoprotein particle counts and size and glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) to predict coronary atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods Coronary plaque burden was assessed in SLE subjects and healthy controls using coronary CT angiography. Lipoproteins and GlycA were quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Results SLE subjects displayed statistically significant decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle counts and increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts compared to controls. Non-calcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) negatively associated with HDL subsets, whereas it positively associated with VLDL particle counts in multivariate adjusted models. GlycA was significantly increased in SLE sera compared to controls. In contrast to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, elevations in GlycA in SLE significantly associated with NCB and insulin resistance. Conclusions SLE patients display a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile that may significantly contribute to the development of premature CVD. The results demonstrate that NMR measures of GlycA and lipoprotein profiles, beyond what is captured in routine clinical laboratory tests for lipids, could be a useful tool in assessing CVD risk in SLE patients.
The effect of a prescription order requirement for pharmacist-administered vaccination on herpes zoster vaccination rates.

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of a prescription order requirement for pharmacist-administered zoster vaccination on zoster vaccination in adults aged 60+. Methods A 50-state law review of statutes and regulations regarding pharmacists’ ability to administer the zoster vaccine with/without a prescription order was performed. States were classified as prescription order required or not required as of January 1, 2014. Data on adults aged 60+ were obtained from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Chi-square tests and multilevel logistic regression models with and without propensity scores methods were used. Results Of the 50 states, 39 and the District of Columbia did not require a prescription order. After propensity score matching, zoster vaccination rates for adults ages 60 and older were significantly higher in states that did not require a prescription order (23.0% vs 21.1%, p = 0.0022). The propensity score-matched multilevel logistic regression model for adults aged 60+ found modestly higher odds of HZ vaccination for states that removed the prescription order requirement (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.35). Similar estimates were found across other methodologies employed and age strata, although statistical significance varied. Conclusions Prescription order requirements are associated with HZ vaccination rates. By removing a prescription order requirement, states may be able to promote increases in HZ vaccination in adults aged 60+.
Die 24 Pietätsgeschichten der Religionskundlichen Sammlung Marburg und ihr kulturgeschichtlicher Hintergrund: Barbara Kaulbach, Reihe Phönixfeder. Gossenberg: Ostasien Verlag, 2020. xlii, 59 pp. Illustrations. € 29.80 (PB). ISBN 978-3-946114-62-8

Marburg University in Germany houses a major collection of religious art and objects from all over the world. In the 1970s this collection was enriched by the acquisition of a large collection of r...
Experiences in Developing a Distributed Agent-based Modeling Toolkit with Python

Distributed agent-based modeling (ABM) on high-performance computing resources provides the promise of capturing unprecedented details of large-scale complex systems. However, the specialized knowledge required for developing such ABMs creates barriers to wider adoption and utilization. Here we present our experiences in developing an initial implementation of Repast4Py, a Python-based distributed ABM toolkit. We build on our experiences in developing ABM toolkits, including Repast for High Performance Computing (Repast HPC), to identify the key elements of a useful distributed ABM toolkit. We leverage the Numba, NumPy, and PyTorch packages and the Python C-API to create a scalable modeling system that can exploit the largest HPC resources and emerging computing architectures.
Not Another Quiz: An Approach to Engage Today's Students in Meaningful Current Events Discussions.

Journalism professors are concerned with how effectively students understand current news events and engage with mainstream news sources. This essay is based on a survey administered to students in...
Rapamycin, but not minocycline, significantly alters ultrasonic vocalization behavior in C57BL/6J pups in a flurothyl seizure model

Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, with individuals having an increased susceptibility of seizures in the first few years of life, making children at risk of developing a multitude of cognitive and behavioral comorbidities throughout development. The present study examined the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activity and neuroinflammatory signaling in the development of autistic-like behavior following seizures in the neonatal period. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered 3 flurothyl seizures on postnatal (PD) 10, followed by administration of minocycline, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, or a combined treatment of both therapeutics. On PD12, isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of mice were examined to determine the impact of seizures and treatment on communicative behaviors, a component of the autistic-like phenotype. Seizures on PD10 increased the quantity of USVs in female mice and reduced the amount of complex call types emitted in males compared to controls. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin significantly reduced the quantity and duration of USVs in both sexes. Changes in USVs were associated with increases in mTOR and astrocyte levels in male mice, however, three PD10 seizures did not result in enhanced proinflammatory cytokine expression in either sex. Beyond inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin, both therapeutics did not demonstrate beneficial effects. These findings emphasize the importance of differences that may exist across preclinical seizure models, as three flurothyl seizures did not induce as drastic of changes in mTOR activity or inflammation as observed in other rodent models.
Hereditary Alpha-Tryptasemia: a Commonly Inherited Modifier of Anaphylaxis

Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) is an autosomal dominant genetic trait and a common cause of elevated basal serum tryptase in Western populations. It is a risk factor for severe anaphylaxis among individuals with venom allergy and an established modifier of anaphylaxis and mast cell mediator–associated symptoms among patients with systemic mastocytosis. Understanding the physiology of tryptases and how this may relate to the clinical features associated with HαT is the first step in identifying optimal medical management and targets for novel therapeutics. HαT prevalence is increased in both clonal and non-clonal mast cell–associated disorders where it augments symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis. The unique properties of naturally occurring α/β-tryptase heterotetramers may explain certain elements of phenotypes associated with HαT, though additional mechanisms are being evaluated. This review provides an overview of the clinical and translational studies that have identified HαT as a modifier of mast cell–associated disorders and anaphylaxis and discusses mechanisms that may potentially explain some of these clinical findings.
Evaluating Readability Scores of Treatment Summaries and Cancer Survivorship Care Plans.

PURPOSE:Treatment Summaries and Survivorship Care Plans (TS/SCPs) may be difficult for patients to comprehend because of readability, magnitude of information, and complex medical verbiage.METHODS:...
Vector competence of Ochlerotatus trivittatus (Coquillett), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Culex pipiens (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus

West Nile virus (WNV) was recognized in North America in 1999. Avian species are the primary reservoir of the virus and can develop viremias with titers higher than lO10 0 CIDsos / ml. Culex species of mosquitoes are the primary amplifying vectors. Many species of mammals are also susceptible to WNV but develop viremias that seldom exceed 105 0 CIDsos / ml. Mammals may play a significant role in WNV ecology if mosquitoes that feed on them during periods of viremia can be infected and transmit the virus. The primary objective of this study was to determine vector competency of Ochlerotatus trivittatus (Coq.) a potential bridge vector that feeds primarily on mammals including humans and occasionally on birds. Susceptibility of Oc. trivittatus to WNV was compared to that of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) a known bridge vector, and Culex pipiens (L.), a primary amplifying vector by determining infection rates after feeding mosquitoes on chicks with blood meal titers (BMTs) of 102'5 to 1010 0 CIDsos / ml. The ability of Oc. trivittatus to transmit WNV was determined by comparing transmission rates (%) of Oc. trivittatus, Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens by the capillary tube method following infection by blood meals with titers ranging from 102 5 to 109'5 CIDsos / ml. Susceptibility of Oc. trivittatus and Cx. pipiens to WNV was essentially the same but greater than Ae. albopictus. The lowest infective BMTs for Oc. trivittatus, Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens were 104'5, 105'5, andlO4'5 CIDsos / ml. The 50 % infective BMTs for the 3 species were 106 0, 106'6, and 106'2 GD5os / ml. Transmission rates of Oc. trivittatus, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. pipiens after blood meals with titers higher than 107'0 CID5os / ml were 41.7, 72.4 and 46.8 %. The lowest BMTs that resulted in transmission by the 3 species
Effect of color, gloss, and surface texture perception on scratch and mar visibility in polymers

Abstract Scratch and mar can critically impact the aesthetics of polymeric surfaces. Their quantification poses considerable challenges, especially for subtle mar damages. Here, we report a new standardized approach that utilizes a modified ASTM/ISO scratch test standard and a psychophysical tool to quantify scratch and mar visibility. The new methodology was then used to study the influence of color, gloss, and texture perception on scratch and mar visibility resistance. These factors have limited influence on scratch visibility onset. However, faint mar damage is more sensitive to surface perceptual properties. It has been found that overall visibility throughout the entire damage path is a better indicator for ranking mar damage. Results show that contrast slope variation parameter can consistently quantify mar visibility and simulate human perception. Green, glossy, and smooth surfaces tend to have less mar visibility resistance. The effect of a fatty amide slip agent was also investigated. These modifiers improved both scratch and mar visibility resistance. This unique approach paves the way for a straightforward universal standard that can be utilized to reliably quantify scratch and mar visibility in polymers, thereby opening up a new avenue for the design of polymeric materials with better scratch and mar visibility resistance.
Review: C. A. Diop. Towards the African Renaissance: Essays in Culture and Development, 1946-1960.

One of the less recognized works in African scholarship remains the sterling work of Cheikh Anta Diop, who charts pathways toward the overall development of Africa. Despite Diop’s contribution to African scholarship in science, language and history, his work has to date been reduced to a cold object of history. In this review, we analyze his collection of essays entitled Towards the African Renaissance: Essays in Culture and Development, a book which catches our attention as a blueprint with clearly spelled-out steps by which Africa can rediscover herself. This work can serve as a model that should influence all forms of revolutionary thought on the continent and elsewhere today.
Inactivation of the catalytic phosphatase domain of PTPRT/RPTPρ increases social interaction in mice.

Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPρ, gene symbol PTPRT) is a transmembrane protein expressed at high levels in the developing hippocampus, olfactory bulb, cortex, and cerebellum. It has an extracellular domain that interacts with other cell adhesion molecules, and it has two intracellular phosphatase domains, one of which is catalytically active. In a recent genome-wide association study, PTPRT was identified as a potential candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility. Mutation of a critical aspartate to alanine (D1046A) in the PTPRT catalytic domain inactivates phosphatase function but retains substrate binding. We have generated a knockin mouse line carrying the PTPRT D1046A mutation. The D1046A mutation in homozygous knockin mice did not significantly change locomotor activities or anxiety-related behaviors. In contrast, male homozygous mice had significantly higher social approach scores than wild-type animals. Our results suggest that PTPRT phosphatase function is important in modulating neural pathways involved in mouse social behaviors relevant to the symptoms in human ASD patients. Autism Res 2015, 8: 19–28. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutant U2AF1 Expression Alters Hematopoiesis and Pre-mRNA Splicing In Vivo

Summary Heterozygous somatic mutations in the spliceosome gene U2AF1 occur in ∼11% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the most common adult myeloid malignancy. It is unclear how these mutations contribute to disease. We examined in vivo hematopoietic consequences of the most common U2AF1 mutation using a doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model. Mice expressing mutant U2AF1(S34F) display altered hematopoiesis and changes in pre-mRNA splicing in hematopoietic progenitor cells by whole transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq). Integration with human RNA-seq datasets determined that common mutant U2AF1-induced splicing alterations are enriched in RNA processing genes, ribosomal genes, and recurrently mutated MDS and acute myeloid leukemia-associated genes. These findings support the hypothesis that mutant U2AF1 alters downstream gene isoform expression, thereby contributing to abnormal hematopoiesis in patients with MDS.
Genetics and demography of rare plants and patchily distributed colonizing species

Several population genetic and ecological studies are presented to illustrate how learning about the fate of endemics and small populations is important in conservation. Numerous California endemics are listed as rare and highly threatened plants as their habitats are being destroyed and fragmented. Two herbaceous plant genera of vernal pools, Limnanthes and Orcuttia, have been studied for genetic structure, breeding systems, and life histories under population size changes over several seasons. The Limnanthes taxa show genetic variation patterns to be quite predictable from the geographical range of various “metapopulation units” and breeding systems; the wide-ranging species (L. alba, L. douglasii) are more variable and heterozygous than the inbreeding and narrowly distributed species (L. floccosa, L. bakeri). Life history comparisons showed a critical role of seed bank and early flowering in the lower amplitude of population numbers, correlated with greater persistence of even small populations in L. floccosa than its closest outbreeding relative L. alba. Heritability estimates of several life history traits showed concordance with the allozyme variation patterns, and reciprocal transplant experiments suggested that L. alba populations might evolve toward more selfing and safer bet-hedging strategy under some environments. Populations of several Orcuttia species provided evidence for the critical role of early seeding establishment in their persistence. Conservation programs have focussed on the habitat protection by setting up several nature reserves and on monitoring the vernal pool communities.
Metabolic comparisons of 10-week-old obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats with both heterozygous (FA/fa) and homozygous (FA/FA) lean rats

Abstract Previously we found that some metabolic comparisons made between obese (fafa) Zucker rats and lean rats during the suckling period were dependent upon the genotype of the lean rats. In the present study, we determined if similar results were obtained after weaning. Homozyous (fafa) obese and heterozygous (FAfa) and homozygous (FAFA) lean male rats were killed at 10 weeks of age. Body and liver weights were greater in obese compared to lean rats (FAfa=FAFA). Inguinal and combined epididymal/retroperitoneal fat pad weights and fat cell sizes were also greater in obese compared to lean rats. Fat cell numbers were similar in all three groups. Liver and inguinal and epididymal/retroperitoneal fat pad enzyme activities for malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase were all higher in obese compared to lean rats. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity also followed this pattern as did measurements for serum insulin, cholesterol and triacylglycerol. In inguinal adipocytes conversion of glucose to CO 2 , glyceride-glycerol and fatty acids was higher in adipocytes from obese compared to lean rats in both the presence and absence of insulin. In epididymal/retroperitoneal fat cells, obese rats had higher basal glucose conversion to products than did lean rats but in the presence of insulin values were similar among the three groups due to a lack of insulin stimulation in fat cells from obese rats. These results indicate that in young adult male Zucker rats there is little effect of the " fa " gene in heterozygous (FAfa) lean rats.
Super enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR) effects in tumors following near infrared photoimmunotherapy

To date, the delivery of nano-sized therapeutic agents to cancers largely relies on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects that are caused by the leaky nature of cancer vasculature. However, nano-sized agents delivered in this way have demonstrated limited success in oncology due to the relatively small magnitude of the EPR effect. For achieving superior delivery of nano-sized agents, super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR) effects are needed. Near infrared photo-immunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently reported therapy that treats tumors with light therapy and subsequently causes an increase in nano-drug delivery up to 24-fold compared with untreated tumors in which only the EPR effect is present. SUPR effects could enhance delivery into tumor beds of a wide variety of nano-sized agents including particles, antibodies, and protein binding small molecular agents. Therefore, taking advantage of the SUPR effects after NIR-PIT may be a promising avenue to utilize a wide variety of nano-drugs in a highly effective manner.
Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge of Nurse Practitioners in New England

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To obtain a preliminary understanding of nutrition knowledge of nurse practitioners employed in New England. Nurse practitioners play a vital role in health promotion and the education of their patients. It is well documented that dietary factors contribute to a variety of illnesses, and that the health-care consumers use their primary care provider as a chief source for nutrition information and counseling. The literature reveals that no research has been done which assesses nutrition knowledge of nurse practitioners. Subjects (N=250) were randomly selected from the membership list of the Nurse Practitioner Association for Continuing Education (NPACE) for 6 New England states. Data was collected using a survey instrument comprised of 57 test-items developed by The University of Alabama School of Medicine, and by the investigators. Population characteristics identified education level, practice specialty, formal nutrition education, patient nutrition counseling, and years of nurse practitioner experience. Analysis of the data was accomplished using parametric and nonparametric statistics. Nearly 40% of nurse practitioners surveyed (N=67) reported performing nutrition counseling in 50% or more of their patient contacts. Average knowledge scores in this study were 65.7% ± 7.5%. There was no significant association between population characteristics and knowledge scores. The study findings indicate that nurse practitioners' knowledge of nutrition principles may not be adequate for nutrition education and counseling of patients in advanced practice nursing. Implications from this survey highlight the need for continuing nutrition education for advanced practice nurses and the importance of consulting with and referring to a registered dietitian patients that need to have an individualized nutritional care plan.
Sexual dimorphism of vascular smooth muscle responsiveness is dependent on anions and estrogen.

Abstract Alteration of the extracellular anion environment by replacement of chloride ions (Cl−) with thiocyanate ions (SCN−) in normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (NKRB) induced sustained development of basal tension in isolated aortas from male adult Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, but not from females of these strains. However, aortic smooth muscle isolated from sexually immature male and female Wistar rats underwent more marked tension development under such treatment, exhibiting no gender differences. Such SCN−induced contractile responses are not tachyphylactic, completely dependent on extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]0), and could be aborted (relaxed to basal tone) by readmission of Cl−. Castration and replacement of male sex hormones with estradiol inhibited SCN−induced contractions in isolated aortas from adult Wistar male rats, while castration and testosterone supplementation failed to induce contraction in aortic muscle of adult female Wistar rats exposed to SCN−. We believe these data are compatible with the notion that gender differences in vascular activity may be modulated by actions of estradiol on the metabolism of Cl− and other anions in vascular smooth muscle, which may be linked to transport of Ca2+ across the vascular muscle cell membrane.
Nuclear interactions of 160 MeV protons stopping in copper: a test of Monte Carlo nuclear models.

To estimate the influence of nuclear interactions on dose or biological effect one uses Monte Carlo programs which include nuclear models. We introduce an experimental method to check these models at proton therapy energies. We have measured the distribution of charge deposited by 160 MeV protons stopping in a stack of insulated copper plates. A buildup region ahead of the main peak contains ≈20% of the total charge and is entirely due to charged secondaries from inelastic nuclear interactions. The acceptance for charged secondaries is 100%. Therefore the data are a good benchmark for nuclear models. We have simulated the stack using GEANT with two nuclear models. FLUKA agrees fairly well with the measurement but GHEISHA, designed for much higher energies, does not. The experimental method will work for many other materials, including insulators. Therefore it can also be used for light nuclei.
Rapid development of cor pulmonale following acute tonsillitis in adults.

We describe two adult patients in whom acute tonsillitis resulted in the rapid development of cor pulmonale in the absence of clinically evident upper airway obstruction or diffuse obstructive airway disease. Both patients had developed symptoms of sleep apnea and all-night polysomnography confirmed the presence of severe obstructive sleep apnea. These cases emphasize the potentially severe cardiovascular consequences of acute tonsillar hypertrophy in the obese adult patient. (Chest 1989; 95:462-63)
Technology outsourcing in human resource activities in hospitality.

Purpose – Human resource technologies in the hospitality industry are a means by which an organization can gain competitive advantage technologically. The technology-oriented human capital embedded in an organization's human resources is a source of sustainable competitive advantage in an industry that is heavily dependent on people and makes it unique and inimitable. This study uses data collected on 34 different practices to provide a snapshot of current practices in the hospitality sector, which can be used to benchmark individual technology operations against the current norms. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses survey data collected from dozens of managers working in the hospitality sector on the level of outsourcing of 34 different HRM practices to provide a snapshot of current practices in the hospitality sector. Findings – Starting with the theoretical predictions of total cost of ownership and transaction cost analysis, multiple regression models...
Challenging American conceptions of race and ethnicity: second generation West Indian immigrants

Engages in debate regarding immigrants and ethnicity in the USA. Research, based on second‐generation West Indian immigrants, shows ethnicity has very real implications for immigrants’ life experience. Suggests that black immigrants complicate the slight understanding of blackness in general, but also the understanding of identity development.
Sol-gel derived stoichiometric KTN

Abstract We report a process which produced from a sol-gel with K:M = 1:1 (M = Ta 1−x Nb x ), homogeneous and stoichiometric KMO 3 (KTN). KTN thin films were spin coated on various substrates using a methanol solution of the gel. The perovskite phase (KTN) was obtained exclusively in the bulk and thin film was form by sintering at 900°C. Below 900°C, sintering yielded pyrochlore as a second phase. The film was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS).
Suppression of immunity by stress: Effect of a graded series of stressors on lymphocyte stimulation in the rat.

In rats a graded series of stressors produced progressively greater suppression of lymphocyte function, as measured by the number of circulating lymphocytes and by phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes in whole blood and isolated cultures. This evidence suggests that stress suppresses immunity in proportion to the intensity of the stressor.
CUG as a mutant start codon for cat-86 and xylE in Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract The cat-86 gene specifies chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The cat-86 start codon is UUG, although related genes have AUG as the start codon. Changing the start codon to AUG increased expression of cat-86 by 36% in Bacillus subtilis . Changing the start codon to GUG and CUG decreased expression to 65% and 30%, respectively, of the level obtained when AUG was the start codon. CUG has not been previously shown to function as a start codon in B. subtilis . N-terminal sequencing of purified CAT protein specified by the CUG mutant, revealed that CUG was indeed the start codon and specified methionine. The gene xylE , which specifies catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, has AUG as it start codon. Changing the start codon for xylE to CUG decreased expression by 98%. However, when the ribosome-binding site sequence for xylE was optimized and the spacing between it and the start codon was increased to 8 nucleotides, xylE activity increased to 13% of the activity observed for AUG. CUG did not function efficiently as a start codon for cat-86 in Escherichia coli . These data suggest conditions under which CUG can function, with modest efficiently, as a start codon in B. subtilis .
Circadian effects in cancer-relevant psychoneuroendocrine and immune pathways

Human biology is deeply integrated with the rotation of the Earth: healthy physiology is synchronized with circadian cycles, while unhealthy states are often marked by poor circadian coordination. In certain cancers including breast cancer, striking circadian rhythm dysregulation extends to endocrine, immune, metabolic, and cellular function. Disruption resulting from biological and behavioral influences has been linked with higher incidence and faster tumor progression in humans and animals. The hypothalamic SCN coordinates circadian events at the tissue and cellular level, partly via glucocorticoids that regulate genes involved in tumor growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune cell trafficking, and cytotoxicity. We present a revision of our previously published model of circadian effects in cancer (Sephton and Spiegel, 2003) based on evaluation of new data from divergent lines of investigation. Human clinical studies show circadian endocrine disruption may be accompanied by suppressed functional cellular immunity and overactive inflammatory responses that could promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Animal data provide strong evidence of clock gene regulation of tumor cell growth. Tissue culture research demonstrates that biologically or behaviorally mediated down-regulation of clock gene expression can accelerate tumor growth. An integrated view suggests mechanisms by which circadian effects on tumor growth may be mediated. These include psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways, the relevance of which we highlight in the context of breast cancer. Taken together, data from clinical, systemic, cellular, and molecular research suggest the circadian clock is a tumor suppressor under both biological and behavioral control.
Is blood pressure in later life affected by events in infancy

This article reviews experimental and clinical evidence of whether primary hypertension (HTN) later in life is influenced by events early in life. The experimental evidence is drawn from studies in inbred strains of HTN-prone rats; the clinical evidence is drawn from studies in children and adults of the influence of genetics, nutrition, and stress on adult blood pressure (BP). Adult BP in HTN-prone rats is significantly influenced in the preweaning period by salt intake and genetic factors regulating extra-cellular fluid volume, and by maternal-infant interactions. BPs of children track with BPs of their parents. Children of parents with primary HTN are insulin resistant and have lower average cation flux values across cell membranes as do their parents; children and their parents with secondary HTN do not. Children with low birth weight have a higher prevalence of HTN as adults than better-nourished peers. Salt intake in children affects BP response to stress. Average salt consumption among different cultures correlates with the prevalence of HTN in those cultures. Varying salt intake of infants and children has little influence on BP later in childhood. The evidence suggests simple measures that might lower the risk for HTN in HTN-prone children in general. However, at present we lack reliable means for identifying children at risk for HTN specific means to lower that risk.
The Time Required for Group Multiplication

Winograd has considered the time necessary to perform numerical addition and multiplication and to perform group multiplication by means of logical circuits consisting of elements each having a limited number of input lines and unit delay in computing their outputs. In this paper the same model as he employed is adopted, but a new lower bound is derived for group multiplication—the same as Winograd's for an Abelian group but in general stronger. Also a circuit is given to compute the multiplication which, in contrast to Winograd's, can be used for non-Abelian groups. When the group of interest is Abelian the circuit is at least as fast as his. By paralleling his method of application of his Abelian group circuit, it is possible also to lower the time necessary for numerical addition and multiplication.
DNA replication in a polymerase I deficient mutant and the identification of DNA polymerases II and III in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract A DNA polymerase I deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis replicates DNA semiconservatively in an in vitro system. The hybrid density DNA, generated from a reaction, was biologically active and the DNA strands were separable. Two other polymerase activities present in the wild type, in addition to Polymerase I are identified in the mutant and are designated as DNA polymerases II and III.
Model predictions of feature-size-dependent step coverages by PVD aluminum: surface diffusion

Abstract The three-dimensional ballistic transport and reaction model (BTRM), a flux-based model which predicts the evolution of film profiles during low pressure deposition processes, is discussed and the governing equations for finite trenches are presented. The equations governing the evolution of deposited films are material balances on species adsorbed on the surface and include surface diffusion and non-cosine flux distributions. Simulations of aluminum physical vapor deposition (PVD) indicate that surface diffusion can result in feature-size-dependent step coverages. A single parameter in the governing equation for aluminum PVD the ratio of a characteristic rate of surface diffusion to a characteristic deposition rate, governs the effect of diffusion on step coverage in this process. Step coverage can be increased for a given process and given trench dimensions by increasing the surface diffusion or decreasing the deposition rate. According to the BTRM, the diffusivity should be scared by the square of the feature size to maintain a target step coverage for given operating conditions. The assumed forms for the angular distributions of fluxes from the source to the feature do not cause feature-size-dependent step coverages in the absence of surface diffusion, although they do impact step coverage for specified feature geometry and dimensions.
AN AUTOMATED SEPHADEX COLUMN FOR THE SEPARATION AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION OF PROTEINS.

Abstract An automated column chromatographic apparatus is described for use in separation and measurement of soluble protein. A novel, easily constructed, leak-proof connector for capillary Teflon tubing is described. The relationship between retention volume and protein molecular weight is presented and an example of the determination of molecular weight by this relationship is shown.
Bitmaps and filters for attribute-oriented searches

This paper presents inverted file structures for attribute searches in the form of bitmaps. It also presents techniques to reduce search lengths through the use of blocking and block-filter records.
Connection Between Regge Behavior and Fixed-Angle Scattering

The physical origins and dynamical details of Regge behavior are studied by examining a general class of theories which are capable of describing the observed large-momentum-transfer data and extending them into the intermediate-t range. The mechanism responsible for the smooth connection between the deep-scattering region and the Regge region is discussed in detail. We derive a convenient new form of the exact integral equation which describes generalized ladder graphs containing irreducible scattering amplitudes as the rungs. The limiting behavior of the Regge trajectories and residues are then calculated in both the single-channel and the more realistic coupled-channel cases. The trajectories are found to approach negative constants for large negative momentum transfer and the residues fall as powers in the same limit. Furthermore, since the forward and backward Regge regimes must join smoothly onto the same fixed-angle behavior, there are relations between a priori unrelated trajectory functions and residues. The standard properties of Regge poles, in particular factorization and signature, are shown to be present even though the basic, fixed-angle interaction possesses neither of these properties. These general considerations are then applied to the more specific constituent-interchange model. Here we find that the asymptotic behavior of the trajectories and residues are controlled by the form factors of the particles involved in the scattering. Finally, we elucidate the relationship between the constituent-interchange diagrams and the Harari-Rosner duality diagrams.
Underappreciated risks of the elderly multipara.

Objective: Our purpose was to identify the age-related increased risks of the elderly gravida by clarifying the effects of age and parity, their combination, and their interaction. Study design: We studied 9556 singleton pregnancies in women aged 20 to 29 years of ≥ 35 years delivered over an 8-year period. Data were analyzed by stepwise multiway contingency table analysis, with p < 0.002 considered significant. Results: Many of the previously reported risks of the elderly gravida are expected on the basis of age and parity. Significant associations (primarily related to advanced age) included higher frequencies of obesity, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, and large-for-gestational-age and macrosomic infants. These elderly gravidas, on the other hand, had fewer postdates pregnancies. Although often overlooked, the greatest age-related increases in risk for induction (1.8 times), preeclampsia (2.7 times), gestational diabetes (4.5 times), clinical diabetes (3.2 times), oxytocin use (1.7 times), and macrosomia (1.6 times) occur in multiparas, not nulliparas. The risk for preeclampsia in the elderly multipara is significantly higher than expected on the basis of age and parity. Conclusion: The increased risks of the elderly multipara may have been overshadowed by the previous focus on the elderly nullipara. It is important to recognize the increases in age-related risks of the elderly multipara to appropriately counsel and manage this group of patients. 1995; 172:1764–1770.)
Pink Bollworm: Chromosomal Damage and Reproduction After Gamma Irradiation of Larvae

Late 4th-stage larvae of Pectinophora gossipiella (Saunders) were treated with Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation at doses of 0-32 krad. Forty percent of the treated male larvae showed chromosomal damage at 2 krad. At 5 krad or higher, 100% of the examined spermatogonial divisions showed chromosomal damage. The percentage of morphologically normal adults mating was reduced by 85% or more at doses above 4 krad for males and 2 krad for females. Some F1 progeny were produced from crosses between treated and control insects although numbers were generally reduced as compared with controls. Sterility was present in F1 larvae, and egg production was reduced. Chromosomal aberrations present in the F1 progeny occurred also in the F2 but at a lower rate.
Film-Based Digital Tomosynthesis Of The Chest

Digital tomosynthesis involves tomographic motion about a single plane during which separate radiographs are acquired at equal angular increments. The resulting series of images can be shifted and recombined to yield planes in focus at any depth in the patient. Previous work has used image intensifiers for acquisition. However, conventional image intensifiers suffer from a limited field of view and from problems arising from the curved image input. The present work, which uses digitized 14 x 17 in. films, eliminates these problems in order to explore the potential for high resolution tomosynthesis of the chest. The method utilizes linear tomographic motion about one plane, acquiring films every 2.5° over a 50° arc. These 21 films are digitized with a laser scanner, registered to ±1 pixel accuracy, shifted, and added in order to generate images in any desired plane. These tomosynthesized images are then displayed on a 23-in. 1000-line monitor. Work has been directed specifically at chest imaging. A tomography phantom, an anthropomorphic chest phantom, and a dog have been imaged. In addition to the synthesis of tomographic planes, thin slice images with differential tissue emphasis have been accomplished. These tomograms in digital format readily lend themselves to image processing.