cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Network Signatures: A Framework for Re-Identification in Networked Data

Data on large dynamic social networks, such as telecommunications networks and the Internet, are pervasive. However, representing these networks in a manner that is conducive to efficient large-scale analysis is often a challenge. In this paper, we focus on the analysis task of re-identification. Re-identification in the context of dynamic networks is essentially a matching problem that involves comparing the behavior of networked entities across two time periods. An entity's social network behavior can be represented as a "signature." A similarity score that measures the degree of overlap in signatures can be assigned to pairs of entities observed across specified time periods. The score can then be used as an attribute in a predictive model to classify pairs of entities as matching or non-matching. Prior research has reported success in the domains of e-mail alias detection, author attribution, and identifying fraudulent consumers in the telecommunications industry. In this work, we address the question of "why are we able to re-identify entities on real world dynamic networks?" Our contribution is two-fold. First, we address the challenge of scale with a framework for matching that does not require pair-wise comparisons to ascertain the similarity scores. We assume a random network structure to estimate performance and show that our estimates are good predictors for simulated networks with different characteristics including clustering coefficient, average degree, size, and different network types such as random, small world and scale-free. Second, we show our method is robust against missing links in the second time period but less tolerant to noise, which is modeled by changes in behavior from the first to second time period. Using our framework, we provide a performance estimate for prediction on networks based solely on their degree distribution and dynamics. This work has significant implications for re-identification problems where scale is a challenge as well as when false negatives (e.g., when fraudulent consumers are not labeled as fraudulent) cannot be observed.
Gas Exchange with Mass Cultures of Algae: I. Effects of Light Intensity and Rate of Carbon Dioxide Input on Oxygen Production

The performance of a small photosynthetic gas exchanger is described in which simultaneous measurements of suspension density, O2 production, and CO2 absorption are readily accomplished. The volume of suspension was 6200 ml. With the Sorokin strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa 7-11-05, this unit produced 4500 cc of O2 per hr at a light intensity of 34,000 ft-c from each of six Quartzline lamps. At any given light intensity, the O2 production was proportional to the rate of CO2 input up to a maximum. The impetus for this study was the consideration of the algal system as a means of oxygen generation in a submarine. Based on the performance of this unit, the power requirement per man for a system having the geometry described would be 52 kw, but reasons are given for the hope that this may be reduced to less than 5 kw.
Current-scan polarography: Study of a system which exhibits a polarographic maximum

Abstract The Ni2+ system, which gives a polarographic (potential-scan) maximum, has also been shown, by this investigation, to give an unusual controlled current-scan polarogram. A dropping mercury electrode and a large capacitor connected in parallel with the electrolysis cell were used. The limiting currents, obtained when an increasing current-scan was applied, were poorly reproducible and were much greater than the average diffusion-controlled current. In contrast, a decreasing current-scan resulted in very precise diffusion-limited current values, which were proportional to concentration over the millimolar range. An explanation of these characteristics is presented in terms of the same phenomenon which caused the potential-scan maximum. Also, the effects of varying the capacitance, concentration of reducible species, and concentration of a maximum suppressor are discussed.
Towards a Computational Theory of Semantic Memory

Memory is one of the most important functions of the human brain, yet its understanding — why and how it does what it does — has so far eluded us. Research in memory has been a frustrating task not least because of the intimate familiarity with what we are trying to understand, and partly also because the human cognitive system has developed as an interactive whole; it is difficult to isolate its component modules — a necessary prerequisite for their thorough elucidation.
Using activeX data objects to publish an Excel grade book on the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is recognized as an ideal grade publishing medium. In this paper, several goals for a web-publishable grade book system are discussed. We reviewed several existing systems but found that none achieved all the goals. A system is described here that meets all the goals and is unique. To publish grades, the instructor does not have to perform any special tasks other than entering and saving the grade information in the provided grade book. When a student requests his or her grades via a web page, the current grade information will be automatically retrieved from the grade book. The software is provided as open source and is freely available for modification and enhancement.
Severe In Vivo Hyper-Homocysteinemia is not Associated with Elevation of Amyloid-β Peptides in the Tg2576 Mice

Since hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) was recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), many studies tried to induce HHcy in animal models to investigate its effect on amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) metabolism. Previous reports found that HHcy induced in AD transgenic mouse models, by either feedina a methionine-enriched diet or vitamin Bs deficient diet, is associated with elevation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) levels. However, there is no data available on the effect of dietary intervention which combines both excessive methionine and low levels of vitamin Bs on amyloidogenesis in any of these models. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a combination diet, which was both enriched in methionine and deficient in folate, vitamin B6 and B12, in an AD mouse model, the Tg2576. We found that 7 months treatment of this diet induced severe HHcy in these mice with plasma homocysteine level higher than 150 microM. However, no difference was detected in brain Abeta levels or deposition between the diet-treated and control group. As shown by western blot, severe HHcy did not alter the steady state levels of proteins involved in AbetaPP metabolism, either. These results demonstrate that this combination diet-induced severe HHcy does not influence amyloidogenesis in vivo.
Eigenvalues for the Monodromy of the Milnor Fibers of Arrangements

We describe upper bounds for the orders of the eigenvalues of the monodromy of Milnor fibers of arrangements given in terms of combinatorics
Uncoupling proteins, dietary fat and the metabolic syndrome.

There has been intense interest in defining the functions of UCP2 and UCP3 during the nine years since the cloning of these UCP1 homologues. Current data suggest that both UCP2 and UCP3 proteins share some features with UCP1, such as the ability to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, but they also have distinctly different physiological roles. Human genetic studies consistently demonstrate the effect of UCP2 alleles on type-2 diabetes. Less clear is whether UCP2 alleles influence body weight or body mass index (BMI) with many studies showing a positive effect while others do not. There is strong evidence that both UCP2 and UCP3 protect against mitochondrial oxidative damage by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. The evidence that UCP2 protein is a negative regulator of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells is also strong: increased UCP2 decreases glucose stimulated insulin secretion ultimately leading to β-cell dysfunction. UCP2 is also neuroprotective, reducing oxidative stress in neurons. UCP3 may also transport fatty acids out of mitochondria thereby protecting the mitochondria from fatty acid anions or peroxides. Current data suggest that UCP2 plays a role in the metabolic syndrome through down-regulation of insulin secretion and development of type-2 diabetes. However, UCP2 may protect against atherosclerosis through reduction of oxidative stress and both UCP2 and UCP3 may protect against obesity. Thus, these UCP1 homologues may both contribute to and protect from the markers of the metabolic syndrome.
Will hotspots conserve extra primate and carnivore evolutionary history

Setting aside biodiversity hotspots would be especially compelling if they contained not just enormous numbers of species but also excessive evolutionary history. A recent study seemed to provide evidence for this incentive for hotspot conservation. Sechrest et al. (2002) reported that hotspots contain more endemic phylogenetic diversity (PD) than expected based on the numbers of primate and carnivore species they contain. We extend their analysis and revise some of their claims. For primates and threatened carnivores, we show that the original analysis was driven by a single hotspot (Madagascar) that contains an ancient endemic clade. The remaining hotspots harbour less rather than significantly more endemic PD than expected. Thus, while one hotspot contains an enormous excess of evolutionary history, the remaining hotspots do not. Our analysis reveals that the overriding influence of a single hotspot can create the misleading impression that hotspots generally contain excessive evolutionary history. Justification for the hotspot initiative should be based on robust evidence. We join others in endorsing an increased role for detailed phylogenetic analysis in conservation planning.
Compositional Effects on Network Structure of Highly Cross-Linked Copolymers of PEG-Containing Multiacrylates with Acrylic Acid

Novel ionizable polymer networks were prepared from oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) multiacrylates and acrylic acid (AA), employing bulk radical photopolymerization techniques. The properties of these materials exhibit a complex dependence on the network structure and composition. Dynamic mechanical analysis and penetrant sorption experiments demonstrated that the cross-linked structure of the materials depends very strongly on the AA content, even in cases where the network chain population is expected to be composed solely of ethylene glycol oligomers. The results indicate that interchain interactions are diminished as the AA content is increased, due to the increased spatial separation of OEG chains. The compositional dependence of the glass transition temperature is qualitatively described by a treatment consistent with that employed for polymer blends, and deviations from ideal blend behavior point to the importance of system-specific free volume changes during the radical polymerization process. Hence,...
A Kinetic Interpretation of Textural Changes in Black Beans During Prolonged Storage

Control and roasted (80°C), dry black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were stored for 9 months at 8, 10, 12, and/or 14% moisture content and 8.5°, 25°, and 40°C. Similarly, beans heated in a solid-to-solid roaster to 51°, 61°, 72.3°, 80°, 85.5°, 89.5°, lO1°, and 111°C were maintained at 8% moisture and 25°C. Final hardness increased with moisture content and temperature. Hardening at 8.5° and 25°C proceeded initially almost linearly reaching a constant value after 4 to 6 months while at 40°C it was sigma-shaped. A pseudo-zero order kinetic model fitted for initial rates had an activation energy of 6–11.8 kcal/mol. The hardening rate at 25°C paralleled the shape of the sorption isotherm.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) represents the most virulent form of breast cancer, characterized by involvement of the skin and rapid progression of the disease. Management involves careful coordination of all multidisciplinary modalities, including imaging, systemic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has contributed significantly to improvement in overall survival since the first descriptions of this entity and has made the role of locoregional therapy, including surgery and radiation critical to continued improvements in this disease. In this article, we examine the unique epidemiology and pathology of IBC and review the various treatment modalities noting the significance of a multimodality approach and delineating each of the specific components. Moreover, we briefly describe the current research in IBC that will hopefully contribute further to improve systemic therapies.
Accuracy of Reference Citations in Five Entomology Journals

The bibliographical reference citations in 5 core entomology journals were examined for accuracy to determine if error rates were similar to those of other fields. The journals selected included Archives of Insect Biochemistry, Ecological Entomology, Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal of Insect Physiology, and Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. Citations printed in the 1st issue of each journal in 1992 were compared with the original publications to determine their accuracy. An average of 30.1 % of citations in the journals contained 1 or more errors. Most errors appeared iIi journal article titles, followed by errors in authors' names and in pagination. Of the 49 articles examined, only 3 had completely error-free reference lists.
Procedure at meetings of the International Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity

At the triennial assemblies of the Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics the agenda include: National reports; reports of Committees and Reporters; scientific communications; joint discussions with other Associations on subjects of mutual interest; and adoption of resolutions concerning International cooperation and coordination of effort. The programs are arranged so that there may be no extensive overlapping with the meetings of the International Commission of Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity of the International Meteorological Organization and in such a way as to coordinate in every possible manner the activities of these two bodies.
On the problem of truncation error

It is argued that a more systematic study of truncation error is highly desirable. A number of integrations are commuted from the same partial differential equation using a variety of discretization schema. In particular, the difficulty of advecting sharp gradients of a conservative quantity is emphisized. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1961.tb00099.x
To accrete or not accrete, that is the question

Along modern convergent margins tectonic processes span a spectrum from accretion to erosion. The process of accretion is generally recognized because it leaves a geologic record, whereas the process of erosion is generally hypothetical because it produces a geologic hiatus. Major conditions that determine the dominance of accretion or erosion at modern convergent margins are: 1) rate and direction of plate convergence, 2) sediment supply and type in the trench, and 3) topography of the subducting ocean floor. Most change in structure has been ascribed to plate motion, but both erosion and accretion are observed along the same convergence margin. Thus sediment supply and topography are probably of equivalent importance to plate motion because both erosion and accretion are observed under constant conditions of plate convergence.
Seasonal rhythm of platelet 3H-imipramine binding in normal controls.

Abstract The densities of platelet 3 H-imipramine sites were determined by repetitive measures of 11 normal controls over the course of 1 year. A significant seasonal variation was found, with a circannual peak on February 17 and a nadir on August 18, The estimated amplitude of this rhythm was ±599.5 fmol/mg, which fluctuated about a yearly mean of 2647.5 fmol/mg. The present results underscore the importance of including seasonally matched controls in the evaluation of potential patient differences in platelet binding.
Principles of cognitive reverberation

A series of experiments was carried out as part of a continuing program of research based on a conceptual model of the mind. The specific function under empirical scrutiny was a cognitive feedback loop presumed to sustain network activity autonomously for a period of time until the loop gradually dies down. This reverberatory process was explored intensively in a female subject by means of a salience technique consisting of the oral presentation of a string of six consonants, to which she merely listened, and her subsequent report of whatever consonants spontaneously “popped into mind.” The interval between stimulus presentation and her report contained various filler activities, such as counting beats of a metronome or looking at colored travel slides, and varied in duration. The key experimental intervention was a brief excursion into deep hypnosis at some point during the interval, which served to disrupt cognitive processing and permitted inferences to be drawn concerning reverberation. The following principles were derived from the data:. 1. Reverberation consists of autonomous reactivation of a network by the signal transmitted from that network at the time of its original activation. 2. Reverberation takes place independently of conscious awareness. 3. The reverberating signal is strongest at the time of network activation and gradually decreases until it dissipates. 4. Barring disruption, a single series of reverberations from a transient network apparently can last for hours. 5. Reverberation acts to retard, in proportion to its own intensity, the intrinsic rate of decay in network strength. 6. The course of reverberation is a direct function of current amplification level in the system. 7. For a given level of amplification, strength of the reverberating signal is an inverse function of the strength of competing signals in process.
Sirolimus and tacrolimus in clinical cardiac transplantation.

Aim: The nephrotoxicity associated with calcineurin-inhibitors is dose dependent. The goal of this study is to determine whether a combination of tacrolimus and sirolimus will allow us to reduce the level of tacrolimus in heart transplant recipients, thus reduce the degree of tacrolimus-induced renal toxicity. Methods: Since March 2000, we have treated 12 consecutive primary heart transplant recipients with a combination of tacrolimus, sirolimus and steroids (Group I). The clinical data of these patients were compared with those of 10 patients who received tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids (Group II). The levels of sirolimus (24 hour trough) amd MMF were maintained at 8.0-12.0 ng/ml, and 1.5-3.0 ng/ml, respectively. A steroids tapering schedule was similar between groups. Results: The number of rejection episodes, tacrolimus doses and levels, serum creatinine, platelet counts, cholesterol and triglycerides of the two groups are presented in the table. There is no difference in the freedom from rejection (grade 2; Gr I: 72 13%, Gr II: 71 13%) or patient survival; however the rejection (grade 2) episode/patient, serum creatinine (at 2 weeks) and mean tacrolimus levels (at 3 months) are higher in group II (see Table). Conclusion: The short-term outcome of cardiac recipients under tacrolimus/sirolimus/steroids immunosuppressive regimen compares favorably with those under the tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil/steroids regimen. The lower tacrolimus level in the sirolimus group may translate into less nephrotoxicity.
3.6 kb genomic sequence from Takifugu capable of promoting axon growth-associated gene expression in developing and regenerating zebrafish neurons

Unlike mammals, fish have the capacity for functional adult CNS regeneration, which is due, in part, to their ability to express axon growth-related genes in response to nerve injury. One such axon growth-associated gene is gap43, which is expressed during periods of developmental and regenerative axon growth, but is not expressed in CNS neurons that do not regenerate in adult mammals. We previously demonstrated that cis-regulatory elements of gap43 that are sufficient for developmental expression are not sufficient for regenerative expression in the zebrafish. Here we have identified a 3.6 kb genomic sequence from Fugu rubripes that can promote reporter gene expression in the nervous system during both development and regeneration in zebrafish. This compact sequence is advantageous for functional dissection of regions important for axon growth-associated gene expression during development and/or regeneration. In addition, this sequence will also be useful for targeting gene expression to neurons during periods of growth and plasticity.
Antioxidants modulate the antiproliferative effects of nitric oxide on vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts by regulating oxidative stress.

Abstract Background S-nitrosothiols (SNO) release nitric oxide (NO) through interaction with ascorbic acid (AA). However, little is known about their combined effect in the vasculature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AA on SNO-mediated NO release, proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell death, and oxidative stress in vascular cells. Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts harvested from the aortae of Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with AA, ± S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), or ± diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA/NO). NO release, proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell death, and oxidative stress were determined by the Griess reaction, [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry, trypan blue exclusion, and 5-(and-6)chloromethyl-2′,7′dichlorodihydrofluorescein staining, respectively. Results AA increased NO release from GSNO 3-fold ( P P P Conclusions Despite causing increased NO release from GSNO, AA reduced the antiproliferative and cell cycle effects of GSNO and DETA/NO through the modulation of oxidative stress.
Dynamical Heterogeneity in the Thermodynamically Miscible Polymer Blend of Poly(vinyl ethyl ether) and Styrene-co-p-hydroxystyrene Copolymer

The dynamic heterogeneity of the thermodynamically miscible blend of poly(vinyl ethyl ether) and styrene-co-p-hydroxystyrene (PVEE/SHS) has been investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (DRS) and other experimental probes. In our previous study of PVEE/poly(p-hydroxystyrene) blends, we found that the segmental relaxations of the component polymers can be coupled if there is sufficient intermolecular hydrogen bonding. For SHS/PVEE blends, however, two segmental relaxations are observed in the DRS spectra, even for blends with a fraction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds as large as that in the PVPh/PVEE blend, in which a single segmental relaxation was found as a result of the coupling effect from the hydrogen bonds. This behavior is explained by the existence of unfavorable interactions between PVEE and the styrene units in SHS, which is supported by the immiscibility between PS and PVEE. The repulsive force endows the non-hydrogen-bonded PVEE segments with more freedom to relax, so that they c...
SO2 Pickup by Limestone and Dolomite Particles in Flue Gas

An investigation was made of the reaction between SO2 and limestone and dolomite particles in flue gas. Reaction data were generated by exposing the particles to flue gas in a dispersed-phase reactor that simulates localized boiler-furnace conditions. Variables included in the study were residence time, temperature, particle size, SO2 concentration, and chemical state of the stone. A model is hypothesized for the SO2 - particle reaction that is consistent with the experimental data. The hypothesis states that the initial reaction products are sulfites, and that as the particle temperature rises above about 1400 deg F, SO2 is lost by thermal decomposition of the sulfite. Concurrently the sulfite can oxidize and/or disproportionate to form sulfate.
Reversible logic synthesis with Fredkin and Peres gates

Reversible logic has applications in low-power computing and quantum computing. Most reversible logic synthesis methods are tied to particular gate types, and cannot synthesize large functions. This article extends RMRLS, a reversible logic synthesis tool, to include additional gate types. While classic RMRLS can synthesize functions using NOT, CNOT, and n-bit Toffoli gates, our work details the inclusion of n-bit Fredkin and Peres gates. We find that these additional gates reduce the average gate count for three-variable functions from 6.10 to 4.56, and improve the synthesis results of many larger functions, both in terms of gate count and quantum cost.
Allowable processing orders in the accelerated cascade algorithm

Abstract We deal with the ‘accelerated’ version (Bilde and Krarup, 1969) of the ‘all shortest distances’ Cascade Algorithm (Farbey et al., 1967). A set of weakest possible conditions on the processing-order for distance-matrix entries, under which the Bilde-Krarup acceleration remains valid, is determined. These conditions are weaker than those of Hu (1967) for the original algorithm, and in particular imply that the simple processing order of the original algorithm remains admissible for the accelerated version.
Solution of general integral equations of micromechanics of heterogeneous materials

One considers a linear composite materials (CM), which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a random set of heterogeneities. An operator form of solution of the general integral equation (GIE) for the general cases of local and nonlocal problems, static and wave motion phenomena for composite materials with random (statistically homogeneous and inhomogeneous, so-called graded) structures containing coated or uncoated inclusions of any shape and orientation with perfect and imperfect interfaces and subjected to any number of coupled or uncoupled, homogeneous or inhomogeneous external fields of different physical nature. The GIE, connecting the driving fields and fluxes in a point being considered and the fields in the surrounding points, are obtained for the random fields of heterogeneities in the infinite media. Estimations of the effective properties and both the first and second statistical moments of fields in the constituents of CMs are presented in a general form of perturbations introduced by the heterogeneities and taking into account a possible imperfection of interface conditions. The solution methods of GIEs are obtained without any auxiliary assumptions such as the effective field hypothesis (EFH), which is implicitly exploited in the known methods of micromechanics. Some particular cases, asymptotic representations, and simplifications of proposed methods are presented for the particular constitutive equations such as linear thermoelastic cases with the perfect and imperfect interfaces, conductivity problem, problems for piezoelectric and other coupled phenomena, composites with nonlocal elastic properties of constituents, and the wave propagation in composites with electromagnetic, optic and mechanical responses.
Manufacture of acid gels from skim milk using high-pressure homogenization.

Abstract The effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) alone or in combination with a thermal treatment (TT) was investigated for the manufacture of acid gels from skim milk. Raw skim milk was subjected to HPH (0 to 350 MPa) or a TT (90°C, 5 min), or both, in the following processing combinations: 1) HPH, 2) HPH followed by TT, 3) TT followed by HPH, 4) TT, and 5) raw milk (control). After treatments, L* (lightness) values were measured, and then skim milk was acidified with 3% glucono-δ-lactone and rheological properties (G′ and gelation time), and whey holding capacity was evaluated. Treatments in which HPH and TT were combined showed greater L* values than those in which just HPH was applied. In all treatments, the L* values decreased as the pressure was increased up to 300 MPa with little change afterward. Gelation times were lower when HPH was combined with TT compared with the acid skim milk gels that were just pressure treated. The final G′ in gels obtained from skim milk subjected to the combined process (HPH and TT) was greater and pressure-dependent compared with all other gels. A maximum G′ (∼320 Pa) was observed with skim milk subjected to a combination of thermal processing before or after HPH at 350 MPa. Acid gels obtained from HPH milk at 350 MPa showed a linear decrease in whey holding capacity over time, retaining 20% more whey after centrifugation for 25 min compared with samples treated at lower pressures and all other treatments. Our results suggest that HPH in combination with TT can be used to improve the rheological properties and stability of yogurt, thus decreasing the need for additives.
THE APPLICATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY TO THE STUDY OF MODEL SUPPORTED METAL CATALYSTS

Model supported metal catalysts were fabricated by evaporating a small quantity of rhodium onto an oxidized aluminum substrate. High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (ELS) was successfully used to obtain the vibrational spectra of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on these model catalysts. The ELS spectra are compared with vibrational spectra obtained by infrared spectroscopy and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy for CO chemisorbed on similar model catalysts.
Resonant Photoemission in Barium and Cerium

In this Letter, a theoretical discussion of resonant photoemission in barium and cerium is presented. Calculations are performed using a time-dependent density-functional technique which both is accurate and provides a simple physical interpretation of the resonant phenomena.
Longitudinal Course of Panic Disorder: Clinical and Biological Considerations

Abstract Uhde, Thomas W., Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Peter P. Roy-Byrne, Macilla F. Geraci, Bernard J. Vittone, and Robert M. Post: Longitudinal course of panic disorder: clinical and biological considerations. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1985, 9 (1); 39–51. 1. 1. The longitudinal course of panic disorder and its associated symptoms were investigated in thirty-eight patients. 2. 2. The temporal relationships among panic attacks, generalized anxiety, agoraphobia and depression are described. 3. 3. Similar and different biological alterations in the tricyclic-responsive disorders of primary depression and panic disorder are reviewed and discussed.
A Discrete Stock Price Prediction Engine Based on Financial News

The Arizona Financial Text system leverages statistical learning to make trading decisions based on numeric price predictions. Research demonstrates that AZFinText outperforms the market average and performs well against existing quant funds.
TUMS: testing using mutant schemata

Mutation analysis is a way of quantifying the quality of a test set used in unit testing software. Unfortunately, mutation analysis performed using the conventional interpretive method is very slow. A new non-interpretive method, the MSG method, that has the promise of much higher performance was recently advanced. In this paper we describe TUMS, a prototype MSG-based implementation of a mutation analysis system. We also describe several experiments using this prototype that compare the performance of mutation analysis using the MSG method with mutation analysis using the conventional method. Our experiments strongly suggest that using the new MSG method is significantly faster than using the conventional method, with speed-ups as high as an order-of-magnitude observed.
Global and task effects in information-seeking among software engineers

Information-seeking strategies were explored in software engineers. A complex interaction of task and geographic differences was revealed. There is a general tendency across software engineers to favor non-social sources, such as documentation, for tasks where the goal is to seek factual information. More social sources are preferred when seeking information to diagnostic, problem-solving questions. Within this effect, some geographic variations assert themselves in a way that might partly be interpreted in terms of national cultural differences in Individualism vs. Collectivism. Implications of geographic differences in information-seeking for collaboration within global software development teams are discussed.
On the Growth Rate of Thermoelastic Instability

Thermoelastic instability (TEI) is known to be directly related to the occurrence of hot spots in friction systems, such as brakes, seals, and clutches. TEI is a failure process where the local frictional heat, thermal expansion, contacting pressure and temperature grow rapidly over a certain critical value of the operating speed. In this article, we examine the rate of growth of instability and establish a link between the wave speed and the configuration of hot spots as well as its penetrating depth. The analysis includes provision for surface roughness and is capable of treating bodies of finite thickness with or without liquid lubrication.
Commodity price stabilization models: A review and appraisal

Abstract This paper is designed to bring into focus the numerous modeling attempts to analyze commodity price stabilization that have recently appeared. The studies examined begin with the Waugh-Oi-Massell framework and advance to econometric commodity modeling. Such a critique is considered necessary: None of the studies examined has overcome the myriad of problems that analysts have pointed out as essential for assessing the welfare outcomes of price stabilization schemes. As a consequence, stabilization analyses for similar commodities have produced conflicting results regarding predicted welfare outcome. The present appraisal attempts to provide a unity of direction to this work by (1) comparing recieved studies of a theoretical, empirical, and econometric modeling nature, and (2) suggesting possibilities for improving modeling analyses.
Comparison of bounce‐averaged quasi‐linear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode waves with test particle simulations

[1] Quasi-linear bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for interactions between electrons and parallel propagating whistler waves in a dipole field are compared with test particle simulations. We solve equations of motion for a large number of electrons interacting with waves with a Gaussian distribution of wave power. For broadband and small amplitude waves, which are assumed by the quasi-linear analysis, our test particle simulation results agree well with quasi-linear theory predictions. We then demonstrate the effect of the wave amplitude on diffusion coefficients. We show that as the amplitude increases, the bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients become invalid. Critical wave amplitudes for the breakdown of the bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for a range of energies and pitch angles are calculated for the set of wave parameters we used. Finally, we investigate the effect of wave bandwidth on bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients. Consistent with a previous theoretical prediction, bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients are still valid for narrowband waves, as long as the wave amplitude is small. When the amplitude of the narrowband wavefield increases, nonlinear effects such as phase-bunching and trapping become dominant and correspondingly quasi-linear theory becomes invalid. Our results demonstrate the validity of applying quasi-linear theory to interactions between electrons and small amplitude plasma waves in the radiation belt.
The bryostatin 1 A-ring acetate is not the critical determinant for antagonism of phorbol ester-induced biological responses.

The contribution of the A-ring C7 acetate to the function of bryostatin 1 has been investigated through synthesis and biological evaluation of an analogue incorporating this feature into the bryopyran core structure. No enhanced binding affinity for protein kinase C (PKC) was observed, relative to previously characterized analogues lacking the C7 acetate. Functional assays showed biological responses characteristic of those induced by the phorbol ester PMA and distinctly different from those observed with bryostatin 1.
Characterization of lithium niobate electro-optic modulators at cryogenic temperatures

This paper reports on the operation of lithium niobate electro-optic waveguide modulators at temperatures down to 15 degree(s)K. Commercial and laboratory fiber pigtailed devices have successfully been cooled without any increases in insertion loss from temperature induced stresses in device packaging. Three x-cut devices exhibited a linear increase in Vpi voltage of 8% +/- 1% when cooled from room temperature to approximately 20 degree(s)K. The broadband frequency response improved at lower temperatures. A velocity-matched experimental modulator has shown increased bandwidth when cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature.
Total-Dose Failure Mechanisms of Integrated Circuits in Laboratory and Space Environments

Total-dose failure mechanisms are identified over a wide range of dose rate for 2K and 16K SRAMs from hardened and commercial CMOS technologies. Failure was defined "parametrically," such that an IC fails if one of its parameters, e.g., static power supply current or timing, exceeds a preset specification following irradiation. These studies demonstrate that the dominant failure mechanisms of SRAMs in space radiation environments are often quite different than those observed at considerably higher laboratory dose rates specified by DoD test guidelines, i.e., 100 to 300 rad(Si)/s. In addition, the total-dose hardness of SRAMs varied significantly between laboratory and space dose rates. Several approaches are discussed for predicting total-dose hardness of ICs in space from laboratory measurements. Results are also presented for transistors irradiated over the same range of dose rate (200 to 0.02 rad(Si)/s) and at all biases, i.e., N-on/off and P-on/off. These transistor measurements are used to characterize the physical mechanisms that govern the radiation response of the more complex SRAMs. In a surprising result, a dose-rate dependence for the buildup of radiation-induced interface states was observed. At dose rates from 200 to 0.02 rad(Si)/s, the number of interface states at a given total dose increased as the dose rate decreased.
LONGITUDINAL DUNES OF THE NORTHWESTERN EDGE OF THE SIMPSON DESERT, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA, 1. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GRAIN SIZE RELATIONSHIPS

Origin of the longitudinal dune form is reviewed. The spectacular longitudinal dunes of the Simpson desert are caused by helicoidal wind flow of the prevailing south-southeastern winds, acting upon ancient alluvial plains. Critical in this theory is the evidence from tuning-fork junctures, which open upwind as do similar features in other geologic realms of primarily one-directional currents undergoing second-order helicoidal circulation. A summary of previous work on using grain size to distinguish beach from dune sands reveals the consistent good sorting and positive skewness of coastal dunes. Simpson desert dunes are also positively-skewed, but are not as well sorted as coastal dunes because they are only recently derived from poorly-sorted alluvial source sediments. Dune crests are coarsest and best sorted because they are made out of the most easily saltated fine sand (about 2.5 o); windward flanks, leeward flanks, and reg are progressively finer and also show regular and explainable changes in the higher-order grain-size parameters. Both dune and reg sediments are made of polymodal mixtures, giving rise to a “quantum theory” of aeolian deposition.
LY171883 preserves mesenteric perfusion in porcine endotoxic shock.

Abstract Superior mesenteric arterial perfusion ( Q ) decreases and gut intramucosal hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], increases in resuscitated normodynamic endotoxic pigs. The present study tested the hypothesis that these adverse phenomena can be prevented by pretreatment with LY171883, a specific leukotriene (LT) D4/E4 receptor antagonist. Pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs (14–18 kg) were instrumented to permit measurement of Q (ultrasonic flow probe) and [H+] (tonometer). Mesenteric O2 delivery (ḊO2) and consumption (VO2) were calculated from the O2 contents of arterial and superior mesenteric venous blood. At t = −20 min, groups (N = 6) of pigs were pretreated with LY171883 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. At t = 0 min, the pigs were infused over 20 min with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 150 μg/kg) and resuscitated for 2 hr with saline (1.2 ml/kg min). Irrespective of treatment group, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index decreased significantly after infusion of LPS. In general, cardiac index (CI) was well preserved, although in controls at t = 20, 100, and 120 min, CI decreased significantly with respect to the t = 0 min value. Normal mesenteric Q and ḊO2 were maintained in the LY171883 group, whereas, in controls, these parameters decreased significantly. Mesenteric VO2 increased transiently but significantly in controls; this phenomenon was abrograted by the LT receptor antagonist. In controls, intramucosal [H+] increased by almost threefold; this adverse effect was significantly ameliorated by LY171883. These data suggest that decreased mesenteric Q and increased intramucosal [H+] may be mediated by LT in this porcine endotoxic shock model.
Development of radioimmunoassays on microplate: Application for CA‐GI and CA‐Br tumor markers

By taking advantage of a newly available microplate counter for radioactivity and the organic solvent-resistant, pigmented microplates, we have successfully established radioimmunoassays (RIA) for both CA-GI and CA-BR on microplate for routine clinical use. In the process of assay development, we found that both pigmented PicoPlate, made of acrylonitrile, and polystyrene Microlite 2 can be coated with antialpha fetoprotein (AFP) and antinerve growth factor (NGF) and used for setting up immunoassays for AFP and nerve growth factors. There were no problems following a test format of either competitive binding or sandwich design. Microlites 2 is recommended over PicoPlate because Microlites 2 is made of polystyrene, which is less expensive and separable into 8-well strips or even single wells. Single-well separation allows for the use of regular gamma counters in case Topcount is unavailable. We also found that the sensitivity of these tests was not significantly affected even though Topcount counts the weaker beta emissions. Similar dose-response curves could also be generated between original Biomira tube assays and assays using PicoPlate or Microlite 2 coated with protein antigens CA-Br and CA-GI. Excellent correlations were also obtained between the microplate assays and the Biomira tube assays for CA-GI and CA-Br using groups of serum specimens from cancer patients. We recommend the development of various RIAs on the microplate: it requires less reagents and less sample handling by the technologists and it can be essentially automated. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Silicon Lens for Integrated Free-Space Optics

We introduce a CMOS-compatible planar lens made of a hexagonal array of silicon posts, with a diameter distribution tailored to produce an arbitrary transmitted wavefront, opening the way to the integration of 3D optical systems.
A Good Story: Using Future Life Narratives to Predict Present Well-Being

The present research examined the predictive and nomological validity of a narrative method for assessing goals. College students (N = 337, 158 women, M age = 19.08) from a large, public university wrote short narratives about their best possible selves in the future, imagining that they had realized all of their life dreams. Narratives were coded in terms of the number of statements reflecting each of fourteen types of goals. Intercoder reliability was strong. With regard to predictive validity, intrinsic goals, particularly spiritual and intimacy goals were positively related to well-being. Extrinsic goals, power goals in particular, tended to be negatively related to well-being. With regard to nomological validity, the spiritual goals-well-being relationship was mediated by frequency of religious service attendance and self-report measures of religiosity. Interestingly, intrinsic goals were negatively related to life satisfaction. Results are discussed in the context of self-determination theory and the internalization of extrinsic motivations.
VLA H I Zeeman Observations of Centaurus A

We present H I absorption observations toward the nucleus and neighboring radio features of Centaurus A, with the aim of studying the magnetic field using the Zeeman effect. The H I profiles toward the nucleus reveal for the first time a broad absorption component that extends up to 635 km s-1 and is centered near 583 km s-1. This broad component may be a blend of absorption in several clouds located in the ~100 pc radius circumnuclear ring of Cen A. We set upper limits on the line-of-sight magnetic field (Blos) in Cen A in the regions traced by the H I absorption components. The best value (fit ± 1 σ error) for Blos in the dust lane is -3 ± 7 μG. For the redshifted narrow line width components observed toward the nucleus, Blos is ~10 ± 20 μG. If we assume the spin temperature Ts ≤ 50 K in these redshifted clouds, our analysis shows that the magnetic fields will be energetically significant if Blos ≥ 5 μG for cloud sizes around a few parsecs or larger.
Dark matter in the Solar System. I. The distribution function of WIMPs at the Earth from solar capture

The next generation of dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments and neutrino telescopes will probe large swaths of dark matter parameter space. In order to interpret the signals in these experiments, it is necessary to have good models of both the halo DM streaming through the Solar System and the population of DM bound to the Solar System. In this paper, the first in a series of three on DM in the Solar System, we present simulations of orbits of DM bound to the Solar System by solar capture in a toy solar system consisting of only the Sun and Jupiter, assuming that DM consists of a single species of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). We describe how the size of the bound WIMP population depends on the WIMP mass m_chi, spin-independent cross section sigma_p^(SI), and spin-dependent cross section sigma_p^(SD). Using a standard description of the Galactic DM halo, we find that the maximum enhancement to the direct detection event rate, consistent with current experimental constraints on the WIMP-nucleon cross section, is <1% relative to the event rate from halo WIMPs, while the event rate from neutrinos from WIMP annihilation in the center of the Earth is unlikely to meet the threshold of next-generation, km^3-sized (IceCube, KM3NeT) neutrino telescopes.
Determination of Oxidative Changes in Precooked Chicken Parts by Nonheme Iron Content and Thiobarbituric Acid Value

Abstract Precooked chicken parts (breasts and drumsticks) were examined to assess the effects of heating methods (microwave and conventional) and endpoint cooking temperatures as well as refrigerated storage on flavor deterioration. Nonheme iron content (NHFe) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were used to evaluate oxidative deterioration along with sensory analysis. Thiobarbituric acid values indicated that heating temperature, regardless of method, had an effect (P .05) on the NHFe content of drumsticks or breasts. Inconsistency in results regarding the effect of heating temperatures on drumsticks and breasts was attributed to a different initial iron content for each respective part. On the whole, the NHFe values of the drumsticks were greater relative to the breasts. Sensory panelists could not differentiate between heating methods or temperatures for either chicken part.
Metastable Systems in Thermodynamics: Consequences, Role of Constraints

Metastable states are not in true equilibrium and so cannot be directly treated by thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics. To circumvent this difficulty one can specify an equivalent equilib...