cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Tribute to Oliver Williamson: Institutions, Politics, and Non-Market Strategy:

Oliver Williamson is best known for his work developing the theory of transaction costs and their implications for the organization of economic transactions. His contributions, however, have broader implications for all forms of social organization. A primary example of these broader applications are the insights Williamson's work offers into the organization of political activity. His analysis also provides important insights for scholars and managers interested in understanding the non-market strategy of firms.
House Away: A home management system

There is a direct correlation between the chances of a devastating failure occurring within one of the home's systems as spending increased time away from home becomes the norm. Heating systems, air conditioning units, water heaters, sump pumps, and plumbing can fail and cause destruction before the home's occupant notices. The increased reliance on smartphones is another trendy norm in today's fast-paced world. Smartphones check weather, news, surf the web, allow online purchases, play music, and provide a communication platform among users. Smarter phone software, such as blood pressure cuffs which link to the phone and store the measured blood pressure, are constantly evolving. People rely on smartphones more today than ever before, and this presents a unique opportunity to merge smartphone software with home security protocols. The House Away system provides a link between household appliances and the resident via his or her smartphone, providing instant notification of any failures before they cause devastating results. The system provides control from the smartphone to elements within the house such as temperature and lighting. Competitive systems are either costly or require a monthly service fee. House Away is affordable and only requires a broadband Internet connection, which means it is a viable option for at least 66% of American homes [1].
Urine hyperglycosylated hCG plus ultrasound biometry for detection of Down syndrome in the second trimester in a high-risk population

Objective: To evaluate measurement of levels of urine hyperglycosylated hCG, a form of hCG with abnormally branched oligosaccharide side chains, in conjunction with ultrasound biometry for Down syndrome risk prediction in an at-risk group. Method: We prospectively measured urine hyperglycosylated hCG levels, humeral length, and nuchal thickness in women who had second-trimester amniocentesis. Urine hyperglycosylated hCG levels were measured by a two-step enzyme-immunometric assay using monoclonal antibody β152. Humeral length, nuchal thickness, and hyperglycosylated hCG values were expressed as multiples of the median, and the Down syndrome screening efficiency of the three analytes plus age was determined. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated, and the area under the curve was used to assess the Down syndrome screening performance of the algorithm. Results: There were 23 cases of Down syndrome among 1016 singleton pregnancies. Mean gestational age (± standard deviation) was 16.1 ± 1.2 weeks at the time of amniocentesis. Mean maternal age was 37.1 ± 3.2 years. Biometry and measurement of hyperglycosylated hCG levels had a 91.3% detection rate at a 3.2% false-positive rate and a 100% detection rate at a 10.7% false-positive rate. The area under the ROC curve was 0.986 (P < .001), and that for measurement of hyperglycosylated hCG levels plus age was 0.941 (P < .001). The area under the curve was significantly larger with combined biochemical and biometry markers compared with measurement of hyperglycosylated hCG levels plus age alone (P < .02), proving that the former was superior to the latter. Conclusion: A new Down syndrome biochemical marker combined with ultrasound biometry had a high screening efficiency in a high-risk group. All cases of Down syndrome in this study population would have been detected at an amniocentesis rate of less than 10.7%. Our results appear superior to those found with other second-trimester algorithms. The combination is promising as an alternative to “automatic” genetic amniocentesis in women of advanced maternal age and other high-risk groups.
Identification of four genes from the granaticin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber Tü22 involved in the biosynthesis of L-rhodinose.

Four genes, ORF 22 approximately 25, from the granaticin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber Tu22 were analyzed for their involvement in the biosynthesis of the two deoxysugar moieties of the granaticins. Each gene was individually inactivated on a cosmid carrying the entire gra gene cluster and the mutant cosmids were transformed into S. coelicolor CH999. Analysis of the pattern of pigment production by the transformants revealed that each of the four ORFs is required for the formation/attachment of the L-rhodinose moiety of granaticin B, but not that of the D-olivose moiety of granaticin. Based on these results and sequence homologies a pathway of dTDP-L-rhodinose formation is proposed which implicates ORF23, and possibly also ORF 24, in the 3-deoxygenation reaction, ORF 25 in the epimerization and ORF 22 in the final 4-ketoreduction.
Intraorbital epidermoid tumors: a case report and a review of the literature.

Epidermoid tumors are uncommon lesions making up approximately 1% to 1.5% of all intracranial neoplasms. 1 They originate during the fourth and fifth weeks of embryonic life when the neural plate invaginates in the dorsal midline to form the neural groove and neural folds. The neural folds then form the neural tube, which separates from the overlying ectoderm. When this sequence of development is imperfect, ectopic epithelium may be deposited at sites between the neural canal and skin, resulting in epidermoid and dermoid tumors. 2,3 We report on a case of a large epidermoid tumor involving three cranial bones (sphenoid, zygomatic, and frontal) that extended from the orbit and into the temporal fossa. Report of a Case A 41-year-old white woman with no significant medical history was referred to us by her ophthalmologist with a chief complaint of asymmetry between her eyes since the age of 4 or 5. She stated that her right eye had always “bulged out of the socket” and that this condition had recently worsened. She did not take any daily medications and she reported no allergies. Physical examination was normal except for a noticeable downward and inward proptosis of the right eye. Her vision was 20/20 bilaterally, and extraocular movements were essentially normal. Computed tomography scan revealed a bone-destroying mass in the right lateral orbital wall and orbital roof that extended into the temporal fossa (Fig 1). The mass was isodense with brain tissue and had well-defined borders. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypointense signal on T1weighted images and a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images (Fig 2). Total surgical excision was recommended, and the patient agreed after receiving a full explanation of risks, benefits, and alternatives. Surgical access was obtained through a frontotemporal craniotomy. A pearly white, cheesy mass that had eroded the bone of the pterion and the orbital roof was identified. The thinned bone was carefully excised with rongeurs and the lesion was removed piecemeal with copious irrigation. After the contents of the cyst were evacuated, the diaphanous capsule was carefully peeled from the dura and periorbita. All eroded bone was also removed to decompress the area. The bone flap was replaced, and closure proceeded uneventfully. Histopathologic analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a stratified squamous epithelial lining with abundant keratin debris (Fig 3). No sebaceous glands, sweat glands, or skin appendages were recognized, and thus a diagnosis of epidermoid tumor was confirmed. The patient recovered uneventfully and remains tumor free at 4 months. There has been dramatic reduction in the proptosis.
Application of Workspace Generation Techniques to Determine the Unconstrained Motion of Parallel Manipulators

Due to clearances in their passive joints, parallel manipulators always exhibit some unconstrained motion at the end effector. The amount of unconstrained motion depends on the pose of the manipulator and can increase significantly at or near singular configurations. This paper shows precisely how much unconstrained end effector motion exists at the end effector for a large class of parallel manipulators, namely those with passive revolute and/or spherical joints, if all the joint clearances are known. This includes the planar 3RRR, and, in approximation the Gough-Stewart and the Hexa manipulators. For the analysis, the passive joints are assumed to be revolute or spherical because these are the simplest cases. However the general framework also applies to other joint types, although leading to more complex calculations. For most manipulators, determining the amount of end effector motion can be transformed to a workspace generation problem. Therefore, general workspace generation techniques can be utilized.
The effects of load knowledge on stresses at the lower back during lifting

This study investigated the effects of load uncertainty on the lifting characteristics of 40 male volunteers during the initial portion of a lift. Twenty subjects were experienced weightlifters while another 20 were subjects who had never lifted weights nor held a job that required them to on a regular basis. The subjects each lifted a container 20 × 45 × 40 cm, with handles, from floor to waist height 12 times with loads of 68, 10·2 or 13·6 kg. The loads were lifted under conditions of either havingor not having verbal and visual knowledge of the load magnitude prior to the lift. The subjects were allowed to perform the lift in a manner of their choosing. A 2 (groups) × 3 (loads) × 2 (load knowledge) ANOVA was performed on the data. Maximim force (Fmax) value analysis revealed group and technique differences. The experienced lifters had lower stress levels at L4/L5 and utilized two technique strategies that were dependent upon the load knowledge condition, whereas the non-lifters used the same strategy f...
An online, simulation-based patient scheduling system

In this research, the application of on-line simulation for patient scheduling decision support in a clinical environment is investigated. A prototype system was designed and constructed to demonstrate the concepts and to address various problems to be faced in implementation of the system.
An Integrated Subharmonic Coupled-Oscillator Scheme for a 60-GHz Phased-Array Transmitter

This paper describes the design of an integrated coupled-oscillator array in SiGe for millimeter-wave applications. The design focuses on a scalable radio architecture where multiple dies are tiled to form larger arrays. A 2 times 2 oscillator array for a 60-GHz transmitter is fabricated with integrated power amplifiers and on-chip antennas. To lock between multiple dies, an injection-locking scheme appropriate for wire-bond interconnects is described. The 2 times 2 array demonstrates a 200 -MHz locking range and 1 times 4 array formed by two adjacent chips has a 60-MHz locking range. The phase noise of the coupled oscillators is below -100 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset when locked to an external reference. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest frequency demonstration of coupled oscillators fabricated in a conventional silicon integrated-circuit process
Phenology and parasitism rates in introduced populations of Pseudacteon tricuspis , a parasitoid of Solenopsis invicta

We documented patterns of seasonal abundance and rates of parasitism in introduced populations of Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, a phorid parasitoid of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Adult P. tricuspis populations were censused at monthly intervals for 1 year at three sites in northern Florida. Censuses were conducted by aspirating phorids attracted to disturbed S. invicta mounds. Pseu- dacteon tricuspis adults were present in every month at all sites, although abundances varied greatly among sites and over time. The highest densities of flies (up to 453 censused at 10 disturbed S. invicta mounds in 30 min) were observed in November, and changes in abundance over time were positively correlated among sites. Sex ratios were usually male biased. Parasitism rates were evaluated by collecting workers from field colonies and monitoring them in the laboratory for evidence of parasitism. Parasitism rates were very low - always less than 1%. The average parasitism rate per colony over 16 colonies and 2 years was 0.058%. No pupariation occurred within the first 8 days of collection, suggesting parasitism by P. tricuspis induced behavioral changes in parasit- ized workers that precluded such workers from our collections. If so, true field para- sitism rates may be several times higher than measured here, yet still low in an absolute sense. These low parasitism rates can be reconciled with observed adult phorid densities by considering the large number of host ants present at the study sites.
Near-field mapping of infrared optical antennas

The near-field distribution of linear optical antennas is measured with phase-contrast scattering-type near-field microscopy (s-SNOM). A distinct scaling behavior with antenna length is observed for different structures with and without gap.
Sawflies And Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

As a contribution to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a list of the 234 species of sawflies in 10 families collected in the park are presented. Localities in the park, numbers of specimens, inclusive dates of collection, inclusive altitudes, and host plants for each species are given.
Distributed Estimator Design for a Formation with Markovian Communication Topology

A solution to the synthesis problem of distributed decentralized estimator for a formation of agents using local measurements and inter-agent communication is proposed. Agents can communicate between each other through digital unidirectional links modeled with two-state Markov chains which results in a stochastic communication topology. The design procedure is based on convex optimization problem formulated with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).
The Influence of Foreign Voices on U.S. Public Opinion

Public opinion in the lead-up to the 2003 Iraq War presents a puzzle. Despite the fact that domestic political elites publicly voiced little opposition to the invasion, large numbers of Americans remained opposed to military action throughout the pre-war period, in contrast to the predictions of existing theory. We argue that some rank-and-file Democrats and independents expressed opposition because of the widely reported antiwar positions staked out by foreign, not domestic, elites. Merging a large-scale content analysis of news coverage with public opinion surveys from August 2002 through March 2003, we show that Democrats and independents—especially those with high levels of political awareness—responded to dissenting arguments articulated in the mass media by foreign officials. Our results, which constitute the first empirical demonstration of foreign elite communication effects on U.S. public opinion, show that scholars must account for the role played by non-U.S. officials in prominent foreign policy debates.
The reaction chemistry of a technetium(I) nitrosyl complex with potentially chelating organohydrazines: the X-ray crystal structure of [TcCl2(NO) (HNNC5H4N) (PPh3)]

The reaction of the nitrosyl complex [TcCl 2 (NO)(MeCN))(PPh 3 ) 2 ] with 2-hydrazinopyridine dihydrochloride in refluxing MeOH gives the purple complex (TcCl 2 (NO) (HN)NC 3 H 4 N) (PPh 2 ] ( 1 ) in which the neutral bidentate organodiazene ligand has replaced the acetonitrile and a phosphine ligand. The IR spectrum of 1 shows a very strong absorption at 1732 cm −1 attributed to v (NO). The FAB(+) mass spectrum of 1 displays the protonated parent ion at 570 m/z and the fragment generated by the loss of a chloride ligand from the parent ion at 533 m / z . The 1 H NMR spectrum of this diamagnetic complex displays the signal from the α-nitrogen-proton of the pyridyldiazene at 17.95 ppm as well as the aryl-protons. The X-ray crystal structure of this complex shows a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The TcN bond length of 1.752(4) A is consistent with the multiple bonding expected for the linearly bonded nitrosyl ligand. The TcNO bond angle is 175.1(4)°. The NTcN bond angle of the chelated pyridyldiazene ligand is 73.1(2)°, which reflects the small bite angle imposed by the five-membered chelate ring of this ligand. The reaction of the nitrosyl complex [TcCl 2 (NO)(MeCN))(PPh 3 ) 2 ] with 2-hydrazino-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine in refluxing dichloromethane gives the neutral Tc(I) complex [TcCl(NO) (NNC 4 H 2 N 2 R)(PPh 3 ) 2 ] in which the anionic bidentate organodiazenido ligand has replaced the acetonitrile and a chloride ligand. The IR spectrum of 2 shows a very strong absorption at 1717 cm −1 attributed to v (NO). The FAB(+) mass spectrum of 2 displays the parent ion at 886 m / z as well as the fragment generated by the loss of the diazenido ligand at 688 m / z . The peak associated with the loss of a phosphine ligand from the parent ion at 604 m / z is also evident.
A simulation study of an energy efficient routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, we present a novel energy efficientrouting protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Thisprotocol is particularly designed for dense networks.Node location information is used to simplify routingstrategy. Only a small number of nodes are involved inone routing. This reduces the routing overhead and savesenergy for other nodes. We conduct extensive simulationsto study the performance of the routing protocol, andcompare the performance with LAR routing protocol. Thesimulation results demonstrate that the routing protocolhas very good performance and good scalability. Both thecomputation and simulation show that the routingprotocol incurs only about 25% of the routing overheadof LAR routing protocol.
Feature-guided exploration with a robotic finger

Haptic exploration with robotic fingers is accomplished by feature-guided exploration, where information about surface features such as cracks and ridges is used to guide the finger in an exploratory procedure. A local exploration strategy uses contact trajectory information from a tactile sensor to identify features while moving over and around them. Using an algorithm based on the Voronoi diagram, an approximation of the medial axis of the feature is found, then pruned using an edge length threshold. Multiple feature skeletons are then used to create a global skeleton that partitions the surface into regions. The models resulting from these local and global explorations can be used to characterize objects for information storage and manipulation planning.
Shedding the blanket of immunity: a commentary on the global principle of ending impunity, realpolitik, and legal precedent

Over the course of the past two decades, there have been attempts by governments and the international political community to limit the scope of immunity granted to heads of states. Nevertheless in recent years we have witnessed former heads of state being brought to justice through ad hoc international criminal tribunals and the permanent International Criminal Court. Yet, head of state immunity remains one of the leading points of contention in international law. The issue is further compounded with the multiplicity of national systems that fall short of their duty to prosecute foreign heads of state if they have committed heinous crimes, those considered jus cogens which constitute peremptory norms. As such, there is a need to examine immunity from prosecution by another state separately from immunity from an international tribunal and/or court. This is especially the case given the problems of initiating ad hoc tribunals and the limited abilities of the ICC, highlighting the need to ensure cooperation of states’ willingness and ability to prosecute. In doing so, I draw from the infamous case of former President of Chile, Augusto Pinochet, and subsequent attempts by national systems to hold accountable foreign heads of state. I conclude by suggesting that the optimism for ending impunity is not only premature, but misguided given the realpolitik surrounding national progression for ending head of state immunity and ensuring their legal obligations to prosecute.
Therapeutic Community in a California Prison: Treatment Outcomes After 5 Years

Therapeutic communities have become increasingly popular among correctional agencies with drug-involved offenders. This quasi-experimental study followed a group of inmates who participated in a prison-based therapeutic community in a California state prison, with a comparison group of matched offenders, for more than 5 years after their initial prison release. Contrary to successes reported elsewhere, this study found no difference in new arrests and returns to prison between therapeutic community participants and the comparison participants after 5 years. Overall, more than 60% of both groups were returned to prison within 2 years following their initial release. After 5 years, the return-to-prison rate reached about 73% for both groups. The average time spent in prison following initial release was about the same for both groups. Rearrest offenses were also similar in both groups. Policy implications are discussed.
Multimodal analgesia reduces narcotic requirements and antiemetic rescue medication in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Abstract Background After bariatric surgery, patients are at risk for narcotic-related side effects [1]. Multimodal pain management strategies should be used when possible to reduce the consumption of narcotic medication [2]. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether multimodal analgesia reduces narcotic consumption and may have an influence on opioid-related side effects in patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (LRYGB). Methods In this retrospective data analysis, we examined the data of a total of 181 consecutive patients undergoing LRYGB. In January 2011, IV acetaminophen became clinically available. Hydromorphone patient controlled analgesia (PCA) was replaced by IV acetaminophen and IV ketorolac (TNT—Tylenol and Toradol). The first 89 patients received postoperative hydromorphone PCA (PCA group). The next 92 patients received IV acetaminophen and IV ketorolac every 6 hours for the first 24 hours (TNT group). In the TNT group, 8 patients were excluded in the analysis. Results There were no differences in clinical characteristics between the groups except for smoking history. Patients treated with PCA required 4.2 mg hydromorphone in the postoperative period. Patients in the TNT group required 1.1 mg hydromorphone. This was a statistically significant reduction of opioids by 73.8%. After discharge from postanesthesia care unit, 34.8% of patients required antiemetic rescue medication (AERM) compared with 20.2% in the TNT group ( P Conclusion This study suggests that a multimodal analgesic regimen (TNT) can reduce postoperative narcotic consumption, which may lead to a reduction in the number of patients requiring AERM.
COMPARISON OF CALCULATED AND MEASURED LEAF MASSES OF URBAN TREES

Accurate leaf-mass determination is a critical factor in estimating the magnitude of biogenic hydrocarbon (BHC) emissions from green plants. In several past studies that developed BHC emissions estimates for urban areas, a volumetric approach was used to estimate leaf masses of urban trees. Crown volumes were modeled by geometric solids and then multiplied by species-specific leaf-mass constants (experimentally determined leaf mass-to-volume ratios) to obtain leaf mass, although associated uncertainties were not well characterized. The purpose of the present study was to examine the precision and accuracy of a volumetric approach using geometric solids to compare estimated leaf masses to measured whole-tree leaf masses, and to compare leaf-mass constants derived from selective sampling within crowns to whole-tree values. Accordingly, total leaf masses obtained through tree harvest and leaf removal of 21 urban trees were compared to leaf masses calculated using geometric solids to model the shapes of tree ...
Current and Developing Technologies for Monitoring Agents of Bioterrorism and Biowarfare

Recent events have made public health officials acutely aware of the importance of rapidly and accurately detecting acts of bioterrorism. Because bioterrorism is difficult to predict or prevent, reliable platforms to rapidly detect and identify biothreat agents are important to minimize the spread of these agents and to protect the public health. These platforms must not only be sensitive and specific, but must also be able to accurately detect a variety of pathogens, including modified or previously uncharacterized agents, directly from complex sample matrices. Various commercial tests utilizing biochemical, immunological, nucleic acid, and bioluminescence procedures are currently available to identify biological threat agents. Newer tests have also been developed to identify such agents using aptamers, biochips, evanescent wave biosensors, cantilevers, living cells, and other innovative technologies. This review describes these current and developing technologies and considers challenges to rapid, accurate detection of biothreat agents. Although there is no ideal platform, many of these technologies have proved invaluable for the detection and identification of biothreat agents.
Results of a survey of cleft palate teams concerning the use of nasendoscopy

A national survey was conducted concerning methods used for the evaluation of velopharyngeal function with emphasis on the role of nasendoscopy. Forty-five percent of questionnaires were returned. Ninety percent of the responding teams indicated that nasendoscopy was available. Sixty-one percent agreed that endoscopy was an important clinical tool and not solely a research tool. The majority (59%) considered 3 to 5 years of age to be the youngest, appropriate age for referral. Ninety percent agreed that nasendoscopy was indicated for difficult diagnostic problems and 41% reported endoscopic studies were appropriate for all patients for whom secondary palatal management is planned. The results of this survey suggest that endoscopic assessment of velopharyngeal function is used routinely as an adjunct to the perceptual evaluation of speech and has become the standard of care among cleft palate teams for difficult diagnostic cases. However, the data also indicate that increased availability does not necessarily assure optimal use.
An enhanced spectral analysis tool (SAT) for radio frequency interference analysis and spectrum management

A microcomputer based software for analysis of radio frequency interference is presented in this paper. The latest version 5 of the spectral analysis tool (SAT) contains numerous features essential for effective spectrum management. Included in SAT windows menu are editors of signal/interference, filters, spikes, power spectrum plots, calculators for spectral power, telecommunication link budget tables and interference analysis tables. Configuration menu for the analysis table contains options on antenna, amplifier and receiver for ground terminal characterization. The complete software package of SAT with Windows installation program fits within a single 3.5 inch diskette for easy distribution. An example on the application of SAT is also included.
Selection by Fertility in DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Fertility, the component of selection due to female fecundity and male mating success, differed significantly among the ST/ST, ST/AR, and AR/AR karyotypes in experimental populations and varied with karyotypic frequency. In relation to ST/AR, ST/ST females and males had higher fertilities at low frequency; AR/AR males and females were at a significant fertility disadvantage at intermediate frequency, while at low and at high frequencies their fertilities matched or exceeded that of the heterokaryotype. These fertility differences were comparable in size to viability differences previously reported for D. pseudoobscura karyotypes. Differential fertility seems likely to be an important element, perhaps just as important as differential viability, in the balancing selection that maintains the chromosomal polymorphism in this species.
Sea level rise and sediment elevation dynamics in a hydrologically altered Puget Sound estuary

As sea level rise (SLR) accelerates in response to climate change, coastal wetlands must accrete vertically to prevent submergence and habitat loss. Padilla Bay, an estuary in the Puget Sound containing an expansive eelgrass meadow, has been hydrologically altered such that insufficient sedimentation may now prevent vertical accretion, potentially affecting the long-term survival of the eelgrass meadow. The objective of this study was to quantify trends in surface elevation change throughout Padilla Bay. To this end, our research group monitored surface elevation change at 19 sites from 2002-2010 using sediment elevation tables (SET’s). Additionally, I explored potential ecogeomorphic relationships between surface elevation change and selected physical (elevation, sediment characteristics) and biological (eelgrass biomass) variables. Only 1 of 19 study sites exhibited significant surface elevation gain, whereas, 9 sites exhibited significant elevation loss. The mean rate of surface elevation change throughout Padilla Bay was -0.22 ± 0.27 cm yrˉ1, values ranged from -0.80 cm yrˉ1 to 0.22 cm yrˉ1. Accounting for surface elevation change, eustatic SLR (0.33 cm yrˉ1), and regional geologic uplift (0.09 cm yrˉ1), I calculated a mean surface elevation deficit of -0.46 ± 0.27 cm yrˉ1. These findings indicate that surface elevation change in Padilla Bay is not keeping pace with the current rate of SLR. A negative relationship between surface elevation change and elevation, and a positive relationship between surface elevation change and eelgrass biomass were apparent, although correlations were non-significant. There was a significant negative correlation between elevation and eelgrass biomass. Surface elevation change did not correlate with the sediment properties measured (bulk density, mineral matter,
Attraction of Lovebugs (Diptera: Bibionidae) to Visual and Olfactory Stimuli

Abstract We evaluated volatile organic compounds and colors for attractancy to adult lovebugs, Plecia nearctica Hardy, under field conditions in central and southern Florida. In olfactory tests, sticky traps placed at 10 m intervals (1 m height) and baited with the floral compound phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), essential oil anethole and anisaldehyde were highly attractive to both sexes of lovebugs during spring and fall flights. However, PAA was superior, capturing at least 3 times as many lovebugs in direct comparisons. Methyl salicylate, eugenol and benzaldehyde were weak attractants, whereas geraniol and citrus oil were not attractive. Heptaldehyde, 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone also were not attractive in tests that included PAA. In visual studies with unbaited sticky traps, lovebugs were most attracted to different hues of yellow and white at both high population densities (spring flight) and low population densities (fall flight). There was little statistical difference among the remaining colors (gr...
Investigation of Wave Propagation Behavior in Magnetically Coupled MEMS Oscillators

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a 1D array of magnetically coupled MEMS oscillators. To facilitate future research and innovation, this paper details the model used to predict wave propagation behavior in the microfabricated array. The investigations model the oscillator array as a series of clamped-clamped beams that are coupled via magnetic proof masses. The contributions to system dynamics of the beam and magnetic interactions of each oscillator are theorized. Finally, the dynamic behavior for the entire array is investigated with a series of theoretical trend studies.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Triacylglycerol turnover in the failing heart

No longer regarded as physiologically inert the endogenous triacylglyceride (TAG) pool within the cardiomyocyte is now recognized to play a dynamic role in metabolic regulation. Beyond static measures of content, the relative rates of interconversion among acyl intermediates are more closely linked to dynamic processes of physiological function in normal and diseased hearts, with the potential for both adaptive and maladaptive contributions. Indeed, multiple inefficiencies in cardiac metabolism have been identified in the decompensated, hypertrophied and failing heart. Among the intracellular responses to physiological, metabolic and pathological stresses, TAG plays a central role in the balance of lipid handling and signaling mechanisms. TAG dynamics are profoundly altered from normal in both diabetic and pathologically stressed hearts. More than just expansion or contraction of the stored lipid pool, the turnover rates of TAG are sensitive to and compete against other enzymatic pathways, anabolic and catabolic, for reactive acyl-CoA units. The rates of TAG synthesis and lipolysis thusly affect multiple components of cardiomyocyte function, including energy metabolism, cell signaling, and enzyme activation, as well as the regulation of gene expression in both normal and diseased states. This review examines the multiple etiologies and metabolic consequences of the failing heart and the central role of lipid storage dynamics in the pathogenic process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
Improvements to the Analysis of Gas Foil Bearings: Integration of Top Foil 1D and 2D Structural Models

Gas foil bearings (GFBs) find widespread usage in oil-free turbo expanders, APUs and micro gas turbines for distributed power due to their low drag friction and ability to tolerate high level vibrations, including transient rubs and shaft misalignment, static and dynamic. The static load capacity and dynamic forced performance of GFBs depends largely on the material properties of the support elastic structure, i.e. a smooth foil on top of bump strips. Conventional models include only the bumps as an equivalent stiffness uniformly distributed around the bearing circumference. More complex models couple directly the elastic deformations of the top foil to the bump underlying structure as well as to the hydrodynamics of the gas film. This paper details two FE models for the top foil supported on bump strips, one considers a 2D shell anisotropic structure and the other a 1D beam-like structure. The Cholesky decomposition of the stiffness matrix representing the top foil and bump strips is performed off-line prior to computations coupling it to the gas film analysis governed by Reynolds equation. The procedure greatly enhances the computational efficiency of the numerical scheme. Predictions of journal attitude angle and minimum film thickness for increasing static loads and two journal speeds are obtained for a GFB tested decades ago. 2D FE model predictions overestimate the minimum film thickness at the bearing centerline, while underestimating it at the bearing edges. Predictions from the 1D FE model compare best to the limited tests data; reproducing closely the experimental circumferential wavy-like minimum film thickness profile. The 1D top foil model is recommended due to its low computational cost. Predicted stiffness and damping coefficients versus excitation frequency show that the two FE top foil structural models result in slightly lower direct stiffness and damping coefficients than those from the simple elastic foundation model.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Experimental and theoretical research on plastic deformation of plates caused by contact blasting

In order to research the plastic area limits and the maximum deformation distance of the plate caused by the contact blasting,the energy theory was used to deal with the calculation of the deformation distance,and the solid stress wave theory to analyze the plastic area limits.The computing formulas of the maximal deformation distance and the plastic area limits of the linear hardening plates were deduced.An experiment was carried out to test the formulas.The calculating results correspond to the experimental results.
Effects of vitamin D deficiency on rat lung morphogenesis

Objective:To study the effect of vitamin D on rat lung morphogenesis. Methods:Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were di- vided into 3 groups randomly including normal control group, vitamin D deficiency experiment model group and intervention group, with 6 rats in each group. We fed the model and intervention groups with fodder without vitamin D away from light, while the control group received normal fodder and normal light for two weeks. Then the female rats in two groups copulated with normal male rats. On days E17d, E18d and E19d, each rat of the intervention group received intragastric administration with active vitamin D (0.5 mg / kg), and they regained light and normal fodder. The morphology of fetal rat lungs on E20d and the 1-day-old neonatal rat lungs were observed by light microscope and electronic microscope. Results:Under the light microscope, smaller alveolar space, smaller respiratory membrane’s diameter and thicker alveolus mesenchyma were shown in lungs of vitamin deficient model group compared with control group (P 0.05). Significant difference was found between the model and intervention group in neonatal lung (P 0.05) but not in E20d fetal lung (P 0.05). With the electronic microscope, fewer lamellar bodies but more glycogen deposition in intracytoplasm were detected in the fetal lung of E20d in experimental model group than controls. While in the model group of 1d after birth, despite of the number, the lamellar bodies were not as condensed as control, empty lamellar bodies were found. However, such changes were less sever after the supplement of active vitamin D. Conclution:Vitamin D deficiency in generation could inhibit the development of rat lung morphogenesis. Supplement with active vitamin D may reverse the inhibition.
The Virtuous Troll: Argumentative Virtues in the Age of (Technologically Enhanced) Argumentative Pluralism

Technology has made argumentation rampant. We can argue whenever we want. With social media venues for every interest, we can also argue about whatever we want. To some extent, we can select our opponents and audiences to argue with whomever we want. And we can argue however we want, whether in carefully reasoned, article-length expositions, real-time exchanges, or 140-character polemics. The concepts of arguing, arguing well, and even being an arguer have evolved with this new multiplicity and diversity; theory needs to catch up to the new reality. Successful strategies for traditional contexts may be counterproductive in new ones; classical argumentative virtues may be liabilities in new situations. There are new complications to the theorist’s standard questions—What is an argument? and Who is an arguer?—while new ones move into the spotlight—Should we argue at all? and If so, why? Agent-based virtue argumentation theory provides a unifying framework for this radical plurality by coordinated redefinitions of the concepts of good arguers and good arguments. It remains true that good arguers contribute to good arguments, and good arguments satisfy good arguers, but the new diversity strains the old unity. Ironically, a unifying factor is provided by examining those paragons of bad arguers, argument trolls whose contributions to arguments are not very good, not really contributions, and, ultimately, not genuine argumentation.
Physical Aspects of Dynamic Fracture

In this chapter, the primary concern are the materials that are characterized as nominally brittle—inorganic glasses, ceramics, and organic polymers in their glassy state would be included in this class of materials. The elastodynamic theory works well for ductile materials that possess a unique K 1 -v relation and do not exhibit crack branching. Early dynamic fracture experiments were performed mostly in inorganic glasses (most of this work by Schardin and co-workers is summarized by Schardin (1959) and Kerhkof (1973)), but much of the recent experiments exploring dynamic fracture have been conducted in organic polymers. There have been very few dynamic fracture investigations in brittle crystalline materials, probably because of difficulties associated with conducting the experiments. The concentration of effort on brittle organic glasses has been driven mainly by the possibility, which these materials offer to measure crack tip stress or deformation fields through the standard techniques of experimental mechanics. Results of these experiments pertaining to the physics of dynamic fracture are summarized in the chapter to provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the fracture process.
Characterization of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). METHODS Patients with new-onset iNPH were prospectively evaluated for LUTS via detailed history and physical, and administration of questionnaires from the International Consultation on Incontinence to assess incontinence (ICIq-UI), overactive bladder (ICIq-OAB), and quality of life (ICIq-LUTqol), as well as the American Urological Association Symptom Score bother scale. All patients with moderate-to-severe LUTS were offered urodynamic testing. Sub-analysis was performed based on gender, medical comorbidities, and age. RESULTS Fifty-five consecutive patients with iNPH completed the initial evaluation and surveys. Total urinary incontinence score was mild to moderate (8.71 ± 0.64: 0–21 scale) with 90.9% experiencing leakage and 74.5% reporting urge incontinence. The most common OAB symptom was nocturia (2.2 ± 0.14: 0–4 scale) with urge incontinence the most bothersome (3.71 ± 0.44: 0–10 scale). Quality-of-life impact was moderate (4.47 ± 0.4: 0–10 scale) and American Urological Association Symptom Score bother scale was 2.89 ± 0.22 (0–6 scale). Urodynamics testing revealed 100% detrusor overactivity and mean bladder capacity of 200 mL. Several differences were identified based on gender, medical comorbidities, and age. CONCLUSIONS Patients with iNPH present with mild-moderate incontinence of which nocturia is the most common symptom, urge incontinence the most bothersome, with 100% of patients having detrusor overactivity. Younger patients experienced greater bother related to LUTS. To our knowledge, this is the only prospective evaluation of urinary symptoms in patients with new-onset iNPH.
Duplication of the Pituitary Gland

Duplication of the pituitary gland, stalk, or both may occur either in isolated fashion or in association with other developmental and congenital disorders. The pathogenesis is thought to relate to defective blastogenesis and incomplete twinning.
Effects of the Rhinoplasty Maneuvers on Upper Lip Position and Incisor Show

Smiling involves dynamic movements that include nasal tip descent and upper lip ascent. The effect of rhinoplasty on upper lip position is poorly described. One hundred charts were reviewed in reverse chronologic order. Inclusion criteria were receiving one of the rhinoplasty maneuvers of interest, at least 6 months of follow-up, and pre- and postoperative photographs by a professional medical photographer with matching maximum smile extent and size. Maxillary incisor show was measured as the vertical distance between the caudal border of the upper lip and the caudal-most aspect of maxillary central incisors. Pre- and postoperative maxillary incisor show was compared by open versus closed approach and rhinoplasty maneuver with and without controlling for depressor septi nasi (DSN) release. Sixty-one females and fifteen males with a mean age of 39 years and mean follow-up of 16 months were included. No significant differences were seen between open versus closed approaches (p > 0.05). A decrease in postoperative maxillary incisor show was observed following columella strut, extended spreader graft, and DSN release (p 0.05). Patients undergoing footplate approximation and alar base resection had a significant decrease in maxillary incisor show (p 0.05). Certain caudal rhinoplasty maneuvers may result in decreased maxillary incisor show, particularly when the DSN muscles are involved. Examination of upper lip position and patient discussion is important for maximizing outcome. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Improving organic aerosol treatments in CESM/CAM5: Development, application, and evaluation

New treatments for organic aerosol (OA) formation have been added to a modified version of the CESM/CAM5 model (CESM-NCSU). These treatments include a volatility basis set treatment for the simulation of primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), a simplified treatment for organic aerosol (OA) formation from glyoxal, and a parameterization representing the impact of new particle formation (NPF) of organic gases and sulfuric acid. With the inclusion of these new treatments, the concentration of oxygenated organic aerosol increases by 0.33 µg m−3 and that of primary organic aerosol (POA) decreases by 0.22 µg m−3 on global average. The decrease in POA leads to a reduction in the OA direct effect, while the increased OOA increases the OA indirect effects. Simulations with the new OA treatments show considerable improvement in simulated SOA, oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), and total organic aerosol (TOA), but degradation in the performance of HOA. In simulations of the current climate period, despite some deviations from observations, CESM-NCSU with the new OA treatments significantly improves the magnitude, spatial pattern, seasonal pattern of OC and TC, as well as, the speciation of TOA between POA and OOA. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the inclusion of the organic NPF treatment impacts the OA indirect effects by enhancing cloud properties. The simulated OA level and its impact on the climate system are most sensitive to choices in the enthalpy of vaporization and wet deposition of SVOCs, indicating that accurate representations of these parameters are critical for accurate OA climate simulations.