cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Oncology Providers' Perceptions of a Palliative Care Service: The Influence of Emotional Esteem and Emotional Labor

Abstract Context Pediatric palliative care consults for children with cancer often occur late in the course of disease and close to death, when earlier involvement would reduce suffering. The perceptions that pediatric oncology providers hold about the pediatric palliative care service (PPCS) may shape referral patterns. Objectives To explore how pediatric oncology providers at one institution perceived the hospital's PPCS and the way these perceptions may influence the timing of consultation. Methods We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with pediatric oncology providers at a large children's hospital. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by two coders using a modified grounded theory approach. Results We interviewed 16 providers (10 physicians, one nurse practitioner, two social workers, two psychologists, and one child life specialist). Three core perceptions emerged: 1) the PPCS offers a diverse range of valuable contributions to the care of children with advancing cancer; 2) providers held favorable opinions about the PPCS owing to positive interactions with individual palliative care specialists deemed extraordinarily emotionally skilled; and 3) there is considerable emotional labor involved in calling a PPCS consult that serves as a barrier to early initiation. Conclusion The pediatric oncology providers in our study held a highly favorable opinion about their institution's PPCS and agreed that early consultation is ideal. However, they also described that formally consulting PPCS is extremely difficult because of what the PPCS symbolizes to families and the emotional labor that the provider must manage in introducing them. Interventions to encourage the early initiation of palliative care in this population may benefit from a focus on the emotional experiences of providers.
Expanding Notions of Scientific Literacy: A Reconceptualization of Aims of Science Education in the Knowledge Society

There have been worldwide movements to reform science education around the aim of promoting scientific literacy in school children and the general citizenry over the past two decades. The basic premise of scientific literacy is that there are essential scientific understandings, skills, and dispositions that every citizen must acquire in order to fully participate in the society. This premise is based on a deficit model which can be questioned from current science learning theories, the current divide between the scientific community and the public, and the demand of the knowledge society. Reconceptualizing the aim of science education may be based on an expanded notion of scientific literacy by including science engagement (SE). SE emphasizes social, cultural, political, and environmental issues (SCPEI) related to science. Examples from a graduate science education program, an award winning documentary, and a middle-school science project demonstrate the viability of SE. It is argued that there should be a balance among different visions of scientific literacy (SL) and such a balanced notion of SL may become a foundation of developing science education aims in the knowledge society.
How long is the shadow? The relationships of family background to selected adult outcomes: results from PIAAC

Ongoing interest in the relationships between family background and adult outcomes is motivated by concerns regarding the intergenerational transmission of advantage/disadvantage. Currently all countries are far from achieving the ideal that all individuals, irrespective of their starting points or their demographic characteristics, are able to accumulate sufficient human capital so that they can achieve success in the workplace and fulfill their responsibilities as family members and as citizens. This study quantifies the length of the shadow cast by family background and personal characteristics on an individual’s prospects in the labor market. It also examines the extent to which these relationships are mediated by factors more proximal to labor market entry. This study uses data for 21 OECD countries from the first round of PIAAC. It employs descriptive statistics, correlations and logistic regression. Two dichotomous variables are derived from each country’s national annual income distribution: Q1 = 1 if the individual’s income is in the first (lower) quartile and Q4 = 1 if the individual works full-time and whose income is in the fourth (upper) quartile. For each country, a nested sequence of logistic regression models are fit to ascertain the role of more proximal factors in mediating the impact of family background and demographic characteristics on these labor market outcomes. The patterns of relationships are qualitatively similar across the 21 countries, although the estimated associations vary greatly in strength. Parental education accounts for substantial proportions of the variation in respondents’ Educational Attainment and Cognitive Skills. In most countries, children born to parents with lower levels of education have less than a fifty–fifty chance of exceeding that level. Family background is strongly associated with income, but the relationship is largely mediated by Educational Attainment and Cognitive Skills. Females and younger individuals have much higher odds of being in the lower quartile and much lower odds of reaching the upper quartile, even after adjusting for other variables. The magnitudes of these adjusted odds are concerning. Family background and gender cast a long shadow on individuals’ life prospects. Countries vary greatly in their success in mitigating these disadvantages. Formulating effective policies will depend on understanding a complex set of dynamics that surely differ among countries.
Bridging the gap between awareness and trust in globally distributed software teams

Abstract Trust remains a key challenge for globally distributed teams despite decades of research. Awareness, a key component of collaboration, has even more research around it. However, detailed accounts of the interrelationship of awareness and trust are still lacking in the literature, particularly in the setting of software teams. The gap we seek to fill with this article is to examine how software tool support for awareness can engender trust among globally distributed software developers. We highlight qualitative results from a previous and extensive field study that shows how trust is still a problem in contemporary teams. These results motivate a specific examination of how developers form attributions of one another. We describe a collection of visualization widgets designed to address the specific issues found in the field. To evaluate their effectiveness, we performed a controlled laboratory study with 28 students and 12 professional software developers who used these visualizations collected into a tool environment called Theseus. The results show that in general, participants using the visualizations make more accurate attributions, and their perceived trustworthiness of their remote teammates more accurately reflects actual circumstances. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results for theory and practice.
Isolation of an Endogenous Inhibitor of Ceramide Glycosyltransferases from Rat Brain

Galactosylceramide is generally considered to be the characteristic constituent of myelin, although recent studies have shown that this lipid is also present in a substantial concentration in myelinated axons freed of myelin (1,2). Reflecting their primary localization in myelin, galactosylceramide biosynthesis shows a peak of activity in developing brain, concomitant with the period of maximal myelin accumulation (3,4). The terminal enzymatic step in the biosynthetic pathway of galactosylceramide is galactosylation of α-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramide (HFA-ceramide), catalyzed by UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1. 62)(5). This enzyme is primarily localized in the microsomal fraction by the conventional subcellular fractionation procedure. However, small proportions of this enzyme are also present in the myelin sheath (6,7) and in an axolemma-enriched fraction (8). The specific activity of the galactosyltransferase in the axolemma fraction is similar to that in the microsomal fraction (8).
Does serum albumin explain observed racial disparities in mortality for cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy

BACKGROUND African Americans with esophageal cancer have a higher mortality rate than Caucasians. We hypothesized that nutritional status, as reflected by preoperative albumin, might explain these disparities. METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between 2005 and 2015. Preoperative albumin was divided into five categories ( 4.4). Univariate and multivariable regression statistics were performed to determine an association between preoperative albumin levels on mortality. RESULTS 3228 patients were studied. While preoperative albumin was associated with lower body mass index, more severe preoperative weight loss, and more respiratory comorbidities (p-values <0.05), albumin levels were not associated with race. On multivariable models including race and other covariates, we found no association of serum albumin and mortality. CONCLUSIONS We found that race was an independent predictor of mortality for patients undergoing esophagectomy. However, preoperative albumin did not explain these disparities.
Assessing Lower Extremity Injury Risk in a Mid-Atlantic Drum Corps Using the Weight Bearing Lunge Test

With athletic training’s expansion into non-traditional settings it is important to assess if screening tools can provide value in range of settings. Currently, there is a dearth of information regarding specific models for injury risk assessment in Drum Corps patients. The Weight Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT) has been used to evaluate those at risk for suffering a lower extremity injury (LEI) in a traditional athletic population. This practice based research is an attempt to apply current evidence of injury risk assessment in the traditional settings to performing arts. The purpose of our investigation was to determine the effect of WBLT motion on LEI in Drum Corps. All participating Drum Corps members were measured using the WBLT during the preseason screening process. Injury record keeping was completed through electronic medical records (EMR) and all LEI were recorded over two consecutive, 85 day seasons. The average of the maximal distance in centimeters of the great toe from the wall indicated the WBLT Average (WBLTAv). WBLT Asymmetry (WBLTAsy) was the absolute difference between limbs. T-tests were used to determine if there was a significant difference between those who sustained a LEI (Injured) and those who did not (Uninjured) for WBLTAv and WBLTAsy. For dependent measures associated with significant group differences, receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were performed to examine injury risk using area under the curve (AUC). Lastly, cut-off scores that produced the maximal values of sensitivity and specificity were identified. Alpha level was set a priori at p 0.75cm) measures were more likely to sustain a LEI during a competitive drum corps season. This data demonstrates that the WBLT could be viable as a screening tool in the marching arts and provides initial cut-off values.
Brief of Amicus Curiae for Professor Morgan Cloud in Support of the Petitioner

In Jones v. United States, 565 U.S. 400 (2012) and Florida v. Jardines, 569 U.S. 1 (2013), the Supreme Court held that when the government physically intrudes into a constitutionally protected area to obtain information, the Court relies upon property-based theories to determine whether a "search" occurred. These decisions recognized that property and reasonable expectation of privacy theories serve completementary functions in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. Fourth Amendment standing traditionally was linked to property rights, but in recent years property has been supplanted by a reasonable- expectation-of-privacy model intended to determine whether a person's substantive Fourth Amendment rights were violated. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court has frequently turned to property rules and concepts to help it determine whether a reasonable expectation of privacy was violated. Applying traditional property law rules, the Petitioner in this case (Mr. Byrd) was a bailee who has standing to challenge the search of the automobile he was driving. Under traditional bailment principles, he became a bailee when the renter of the vehicle (Ms. Reed) gave him possession and control of the automobile. The Petitioner also has "standing" under the more recent reasonable expectation of privacy test. Among the factors the Supreme Court has considered in deciding if a person has standing are whether the person had dominion and control over the property, whether he had the right to exclude others, and whether he had property related interests like ownership or possession. Using those criteria, Mr. Byrd has Fourth Amendment "standing" under the reasonable expectation of privacy test.
Maternal high-fat diet exposure during gestation, lactation, or gestation and lactation differentially affects intestinal morphology and proteome of neonatal mice.

Abstract Offspring nutrition depends on the mother during gestation and lactation; thus, maternal nutrition and metabolism can affect their development. We hypothesized that maternal exposure to high-fat (HF) diet affects neonate's gastrointestinal tract development. Our objective was to determine the effect of maternal HF diet during gestation and lactation on neonate's duodenum histomorphology and proteome. Female mice were fed either a control (C, 10% kcal fat) or an HF (60% kcal fat) diet for 4 weeks and bred. On postnatal day 2, half the pups were cross-fostered to dams fed on different diet, creating 4 treatments: C-C, C-HF, HF-C, and HF-HF, indicating maternal diet during gestation-lactation, respectively. On postnatal day 12, pups' duodenum was excised and prepared for histology and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteome. Villi were significantly longer in HF-HF pups, and crypt cell proliferation rate was not different among treatments. Between C-C and HF-HF, HF-C, or C-HF, 812, 601, or 894 proteins were differentially expressed (Tukey adjusted P
Tips and Tools for Teaching Organic Synthesis Online

While synthesis projects are not uncommon in the undergraduate organic curriculum, the problems posed are usually not representative of what chemists actually do. The sudden dislocation to online l...
Thermal Electron Flow in a Planar Crossed-Field Diode

A self-consistent model of steady-state electron flow in a planar crossed-field diode with a thermionic cathode is presented. Our formulation is a generalization of the classic work of Fry and Langmuir, to include a constant magnetic field B of arbitrary strength parallel to the electrode surfaces. Some effects of the magnetic field on the electron flow are illustrated in an example.
Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy

Heminephrectomy is the most common operation performed for renal duplication anomalies. The robot allows this complex operation to be performed through tiny incisions while allowing for three dimensional vision, greater degrees of freedom as compared to conventional laparoscopy and superior ergonomics. The surgery can be performed either transperitoneally or retroperitoneoscopically. Attention must be paid to the anatomy of the anomaly while performing the procedure. Often times, the duplex ureters run in a common sheath, sharing much of their blood supply. Overzealous dissection may lead to devascularisation of the healthy ureter, with severe complications.
Disagreement Concerning Effect-Measure Modification

Stratifying factors, like age and gender, can modify the effect of treatments and exposures on risk of a studied outcome. Several effect measures, including the relative risk, hazard ratio, odds ratio, and risk difference, can be used to measure this modification. It is known that choice of effect measure may determine the presence and direction of effect-measure modification. We show that considering the opposite outcome -- for example, recovery instead of death -- may similarly influence effect-measure modification. In fact, if the relative risk for the studied outcome and the relative risk for the opposite outcome agree about the direction of effect-measure modification, then so will the two cumulative hazard ratios, the risk difference, and the odds ratio. When risks are randomly sampled from the uniform (0,1) distribution, the probability of this happening is 5/6. Disagreement is probable enough that researchers considering one relative risk should also consider the other and further discussion if they disagree. (If possible, researchers should also report estimated risks.) We provide examples through case studies on HCV, COVID-19, and bankruptcy following melanoma treatment.
Corporate social responsibility and unverifiable net assets ratio

The move of the Financial Accounting Standards Board to expand the use of fair value instruments results in an increase in unverifiable assets and liabilities, which do not have actively traded market prices. Prior research suggests that managers may use discretion in estimating fair values of such assets and liabilities for their self-serving interests, leading to more agency conflicts. We examine the association between a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and the unverifiable net assets ratio, used to capture the level of unverifiable assets and liabilities. We find a significant negative relation between CSR and the unverifiable net assets ratio, suggesting that socially responsible firms use a low level of unverifiable assets and liabilities.
Stochastic Power Loss Analysis of Differential Power Processing

This article presents stochastic power loss analysis for differential power processing (DPP). A stochastic model is developed to analyze power loss scaling in a DPP system based on probability distributions of loads or sources. Scaling factors are introduced to describe how losses change with DPP system size and load or source power variance. Expected power losses of representative DPP topologies are analyzed and compared to losses of a conventional dc–dc converter with the same total switch die area and magnetic volume. The results quantify performance trends of DPP architectures. Models and scaling factors are verified with SPICE simulations and experimental results. The analytical framework, scaling factors, and quantitative models provide useful guidelines for designing large-scale DPP systems. This article is accompanied by a video file demonstrating the modeling procedures and the experimental setup.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the Setting of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, rapidly growing, and highly malignant cutaneous tumor that typically presents in elderly males as an erythematous or violaceous plaque or nodule in sun-exposed areas. Risk factors include long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infection, immunosuppression, and lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Given the aggressive nature of this tumor, patients may present with nodal and distal metastasis. Locoregional disease can be managed with definitive radiotherapy or surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, depending on the case. Disseminated disease, on the other hand, often requires a multidisciplinary tumor board consultation to individually tailor the treatment. Possible treatments include systemic therapy with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Here we report a case of a patient with a medical history significant for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who presented with a rapidly growing lesion that contained neighboring MCC and CLL/SLL on biopsy. Management included immunotherapy with pembrolizumab and radiotherapy to limit the tumor's growth and spread. To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of all three malignancies in a person is rare and has not been reported previously.
Lack of regulation over antibiotic prescription and dispensation: A prospective cohort in a community setting:

Background:The emergence of bacterial resistance caused health authorities to attempt to implement strict regulations for rational antibiotic prescription. However, supervision is often neglected i...
An AI model of case-based legal argument from a jurisprudential viewpoint

This article describes recent jurisprudential accountsof analogical legal reasoning andcompares them in detail to the computational modelof case-based legal argument inCATO. The jurisprudential models provide a theoryof relevance based on low-levellegal principles generated in a process ofcase-comparing reflective adjustment. Thejurisprudential critique focuses on the problemsof assigning weights to competingprinciples and dealing with erroneously decidedprecedents. CATO, a computerizedinstructional environment, employs ArtificialIntelligence techniques to teach lawstudents how to make basic legal argumentswith cases. The computational modelhelps students test legal hypotheses againsta database of legal cases, draws analogiesto problem scenarios from the database, andcomposes arguments by analogy with a setof argument moves. The CATO model accountsfor a number of the important featuresof the jurisprudential accounts, includingimplementing a kind of reflective adjustment.It also avoids some of the problems identifiedin the critique; for instance, it deals withweights in a non-numeric, context-sensitivemanner. The article concludes by describingthe contributions AI research can make tojurisprudential investigations of complexcognitive phenomena of legal reasoning. Forinstance, unlike the jurisprudential models,CATO provides a detailed account of how togenerate multiple interpretations of a citedcase, downplaying or emphasizing the legalsignificance of distinctions in terms of thepurposes of the law as the argument contextdemands.
Balancing on the Creative Highwire: Forecasting the Success of Novel Ideas in Organizations

Betting on the most promising new ideas is key to creativity and innovation in organizations, but predicting the success of novel ideas can be difficult. To select the best ideas, creators and managers must excel at creative forecasting, the skill of predicting the outcomes of new ideas. Using both a field study of 339 professionals in the circus arts industry and a lab experiment, I examine the conditions for accurate creative forecasting, focusing on the effect of creators’ and managers’ roles. In the field study, creators and managers forecasted the success of new circus acts with audiences, and the accuracy of these forecasts was assessed using data from 13,248 audience members. Results suggest that creators were more accurate than managers when forecasting about others’ novel ideas, but not their own. This advantage over managers was undermined when creators previously had poor ideas that were successful in the marketplace anyway. Results from the lab experiment show that creators’ advantage over managers in predicting success may be tied to the emphasis on both divergent thinking (idea generation) and convergent thinking (idea evaluation) in the creator role, while the manager role emphasizes only convergent thinking. These studies highlight that creative forecasting is a critical bridge linking creativity and innovation, shed light on the importance of roles in creative forecasting, and advance theory on why creative success is difficult to sustain over time.
Isolation and Characterization of β-Methylene-l-(+)-norvaline from Lactarius helvus

Abstract An unsaturated free amino acid, C6H11NO2, present in sporophores of the mushroom, Lactarius helvus, has been isolated in pure, crystalline form by chromatographic techniques. On the basis of its chemical and physical properties, its activity with l- (but not d-) amino acid oxidase, its oxidative cleavage by periodate-permanganate reagent to formaldehyde, propionic acid and ammonia, and the formation of an equimolar mixture of isoleucine and alloisoleucine on catalytic hydrogenation, the structure β-methylene-l-(+)-norvaline is proposed. Confirmation of this assignment has been provided by a Strecker synthesis of the desired racemate from α-ethylacrolein.
Vitamin D and maternal and child health: Overview and implications for dietary requirements

The essentiality of vitamin D for normal growth and development has been recognized for over 80 years, and vitamin D fortification programs have been in place in the United States for more than 70 years. Despite the above, vitamin D deficiency continues to be a common finding in certain population groups. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential risk factor for the development of preeclampsia, and vitamin D deficiency during infancy and early childhood is associated with an increased risk for numerous skeletal disorders, as well as immunological and vascular abnormalities. Vitamin D deficiency can occur through multiple mechanisms including the consumption of diets low in this vitamin and inadequate exposure to environmental ultraviolet B rays. The potential value of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk pregnancies and during infancy and early childhood is discussed. Currently, there is vigorous debate concerning what constitutes appropriate vitamin D intakes during early development as exemplified by differing recommendations from the Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake report and recent recommendations by the Endocrine Society. As is discussed, a major issue that needs to be resolved is what key biological endpoint should be used when making vitamin D recommendations for the pregnant woman and her offspring.
Modulation by tetrodotoxin of action potential discharge in guinea pig vagal tracheal nodose afferent A-delta cough receptors (660.15)

We used the isolated vagally innervated guinea pig trachea/bronchus preparation to characterize the inhibitory effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on action potential discharge evoked by electrical (conce...
Does total manual rescreening of negative pap tests screened by the thinprep imaging system add any value

We compared the performance of utilizing the ThinPrep® Imaging System (TIS) according to the manufacturer's directions to screening with the TIS plus total manual rescreening in Pap tests that were initially diagnosed as NIL to determine whether manual rescreening decreases the false-negative rate for epithelial lesions. Three thousand three hundred forty cases were diagnosed as NIL on the 22 fields of view selected by the TIS and subsequently manually rescreened by the same cytotechnologist. Six hundred seventy-four cases were sent to a cytopathologist for final diagnosis based on review criteria. Biopsy follow-up and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test results were noted if available for cases with a diagnosis of ASCUS or above. Three thousand one hundred fifty-nine (94.6%) were confirmed NIL and 181 cases were diagnosed as abnormal on manual rescreen. There were 147 ASCUS, 6 ASCH, 9 AGC, 19 LSIL, and 0 HSIL cases. The overall false-negative rate of screening for atypia/SIL with the TIS was 5.4%. Of the 147 cases with HPV results, 43 (29%) were positive. Only 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 was found on biopsy follow-up, in a case of ASCUS with a positive HPV. Based on our data, the TIS for screening of Pap tests is reliable in NIL cases as compared to total manual rescreening. The majority of the false-negative cases were diagnosed as ASCUS on subsequent review, with 0 HSIL cases. Our results confirm that the TIS is highly accurate in excluding HSIL, negating the need for total manual rescreening of NIL Pap tests.
Teaching Media and Religion: Emerging Best Practices

This preface summarizes the emergence of religion and media courses from the 1950s to the present day. It makes the case for why analysis of religion and media coursework is a challenge and reports on research that shows enormous diversity among the types of courses commonly classified as within the “religion and media” subject. The preface furthermore summarizes the other articles in this special issue.
Enrichment of cysteinyl adducts of human serum albumin

We report a method to enrich cysteinyl adducts of human serum albumin (HSA), representing biomarkers of exposure to systemic electrophiles. Because the major site of HSA adduction is the single free sulfhydryl group at Cys34, we used thiol-affinity resins to remove mercaptalbumin (i.e., unadducted HSA) from the cysteinyl adducts. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to detect mercaptalbumin and HSA-Cys34 modifications before and after enrichment of HSA. Differences in adduct content were detected across samples of freshly isolated, archived, and commercial HSA. Cysteinylated and glycosylated adducts were present in all samples, with abundances decreasing in the following order: commercial HSA>archived HSA>fresh HSA. After enrichment of HSA, mercaptalbumin was no longer observed in mass spectra. The ratios of HSA adducts post-/preenrichment, quantified via the Bradford assay and gel electrophoresis, were 0.029 mg adducts/mg HSA in fresh HSA and 0.323 mg adducts/mg HSA in archived HSA. The apparent elevation of adduct levels in archived samples could be due to differences in specimen preparation and storage rather than to differences in circulating HSA adducts. We conclude that thiol-affinity resins can efficiently remove mercaptalbumin from HSA samples prior to characterization and quantitation of protein adducts of reactive systemic electrophiles.
Electric monopole transitions and excited 0+ states in Cf-250

$E0$ transitions identified in $^{250}\mathrm{Cf}$ establish two excited ${0}^{+}$ states at 1154.2 and 1266.5 keV with dimensionless ratios $X$ of 0.27 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 and 2.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3, respectively. This is the heaviest nucleus in which excited ${0}^{+}$ states have been observed. Using density-dependent pairing matrix elements and appropriate single-particle energies we have calculated the energies of seniority 0 $K\ensuremath{\pi}={0}^{+}$ excited states to be 1310 and 1620 keV and the energy of the lowest $s=2$ ${0}^{+}$ state as 1430 keV. These calculations suggest that the 1154.2 keV state is probably the lowest pair vibration and the 1266.5 keV state is possibly the lowest $s=2$ ${0}^{+}$ state.RADIOACTIVITY $^{250}\mathrm{Es}$ [from $^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$($d$,$n$)]; measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${E}_{\mathrm{ce}}$, ${I}_{\mathrm{ce}}$. $^{250}\mathrm{Cf}$ deduced levels, $log\mathrm{ft} (\mathrm{EC})$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ multipolarity, $I$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, Two excited ${0}^{+}$ states. Mass-separated $^{250}\mathrm{Es}$.
General equation for determining the dissociation constants of polyprotic acids and bases from additive properties. Part II. Applications

Abstract Dissociation constants of some polyprotic acids and bases are determined from spectrophotometric and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic data. A general equation relating additive properties of acids and bases to the pH of the solution is used for this purpose. The method is tested by applying it to the calculation of overlapping p K a s without the prerequisite of measuring the limiting values of the property for the individual species that result from the dissociation of the solute. The possibility of applying the same method to hyperpolarizability measurements is pointed out, and a procedure, based on the general equation, for obtaining the activity coefficients of the ionic species as a function of the ionic strength is also suggested.
Parents, teachers, and peers: discrepant or complementary achievement socializers?

Teachers and peers have a unique impact on Latino students' math and science perceptions and performance.
Manifestations of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection

HTLV-I, the first human oncovirus, is a type C retrovirus linked to the development of ATLL. The virus shows a striking ethnogeographic distribution that is only partially understood. Certain populations at high risk for AIDS appear to have a higher incidence of HTLV-I infection. The extended latent period renders present knowledge of the sequelae and natural history of HTLV-I seropositivity incomplete, although recent data suggest that HTLV-I infection may have important implications for blood transfusion, organ transfer, and public health policy. A variety of clinical syndromes have been associated with infection, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to acute ATLL with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypercalcemia, cutaneous lesions, and systemic immunosuppression. Conventional chemotherapy is marginally effective; innovative approaches to therapy are presently being evaluated.
Impact of HIV/AIDS on life expectancy in the United States

The potential gains in life expectancy of the U.S. population by the partial and total elimination of deaths from HIV/AIDS were compared with that of deaths from heart disease and malignant neoplasms....For the total population of the United States in 1992 the gains in future life expectancy through the elimination of deaths from HIV/AIDS heart disease and malignant neoplasms were 0.34 3.25 and 3.21 years respectively....The potential gains in life expectancy by reduction of deaths from heart disease and malignant neoplasms are more heavily influenced by increasing years after the working ages (15-64 years) whereas the potential gains in life expectancy by reducing deaths from HIV/AIDS make a greater contribution to those of working age. (EXCERPT)
A mathematical framework for the analysis of cyber-resilient control systems

The increasingly recognized vulnerability of industrial control systems to cyber-attacks has inspired a considerable amount of research into techniques for cyber-resilient control systems. The majority of this effort involves the application of well known information security techniques to protect system networks. These techniques are primarily concerned with the prevention of unauthorized access and the protection of data integrity. While these efforts are important to protect the control systems that operate critical infrastructure, they are never perfectly effective thus motivating a need to develop control systems that will operate successfully during a cyber attack. Little research has focused on the design of control systems with closed-loop dynamics that are resilient to cyber-attack. An understanding of the types of modifications to the system and signals that could be employed by an attacker after they have gained access to the control system and the effects of these attacks on the behavior of the control systems can guide efforts to develop attack detection and mitigation strategies. To formulate this problem, consistent mathematical definitions of concepts within resilient control need to be established to enable a mathematical analysis of the vulnerabilities and resiliencies of a particular control system design methodology and architecture. In this paper, we propose rigorous definitions for state awareness, operational normalcy, and resiliency as they relate to realtime control systems. We will also discuss some mathematical consequences that arise from the proposed definitions. The goal is to begin to develop a mathematical framework and testable conditions for resiliency that can be used to build a sound theoretical foundation for resilient control research.
Cell Size and Shape Regulates Epithelial-Myofibroblast Transition

Myofibroblasts aid in wound healing and exert large contractile forces in order to assist in wound closure. Aberrant activation of myofibroblasts can lead to the development of pathological conditions including fibrosis, cancer, and the foreign-body response to implanted biomaterials. Myofibroblasts can develop from epithelial cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, epithelial cells loosen attachments to their neighbors and acquire an elongated morphology. These phenotypic changes are accompanied by alterations in gene expression patterns including upregulation of cytoskeletal proteins which contribute to the ability of myofibroblasts to exert large contractile forces. Here, the relationship between cell shape and cytoskeletal tension and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT is determined. We employ a microcontact printing approach to control cellular shape and we find that permitting cell spreading promotes the increased expression of myofibroblast markers while restricting cell spreading prevents EMT. Furthermore, we find that the subcellular localization of key mechanoresponsive molecules is regulated by cell shape and plays an important role in regulating the expression of cytoskeletal associated proteins. Results provide insight into how mechanical signals can control the development of myofibroblasts and may suggest ways to engineer therapeutic solutions for fibrosis and cancer.
The prevalence of reversible airway obstruction in professional football players.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of reversible airway obstruction in a group of professional football training camp participants. METHODS: All attendees at a Canadian Football League team rookie preseason training camp were invited to participate in a protocol designed to elicit symptoms and signs of reversible airway obstruction (asthma) during the initial preparticipation examination. Those agreeing to the protocol completed a questionnaire containing standardized inquiries about a past history of asthma and the presence of symptoms. Participants then underwent spirometry testing to determine lung function before and after receiving a standardized dose of bronchodilator medication. Players showing evidence of airway obstruction during initial testing and still on the team roster underwent repeat spirometry testing and formal pulmonary function testing during the football season. The follow-up pulmonary function tests were performed to determine those that might benefit from treatment for asthma. RESULTS: Nineteen of 34 (56%) players agreeing to participate had significant reversible airway obstruction as defined by a 12% or greater reversibility in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and/or forced expiratory flow rate between 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25-75). In most participants, the diagnosis was made on the basis of spirometry alone. Of those testing positive during initial inquiry, 88% remained positive on repeat spirometry, and 73% had reversible airway obstruction during more stringently controlled hospital-based pulmonary function testing. Those players treated for previously undiagnosed asthma noted an improvement in subjective athletic performance during the football season. CONCLUSION: Based on the remarkably high prevalence of undiagnosed asthma in this group, it may prove worthwhile to test elite football players using lung function parameters. Language: en
Identification of metabolites diagnostic for organic acidurias by simultaneous dual-column capillary gas chromatography

Abstract To offer a procedure with increased resolution compared to packed-column gas chromatography, we developed a dual-capillary method of gas chromatography for diagnosing organic acidurias. We derivatized and injected organic acids repeatedly on two different bonded phase columns (DB-1, DB-1701) to establish a table of methylene units. Compounds in urine specimens were identified by their characteristic pair of methylene units. With this method, we are able to identify 120 metabolites in urine. Accordingly, the procedure provides a cost-effective alternative to routine gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.
A thioglucosidase in fungi.

Abstract A β-thioglucosidase capable of hydrolyzing mustard oil glucosides is of rare occurrence in fungi. Aspergillus sydowi QM 31c is a good source of the enzyme. The fungal enzyme resembles mustard seed myrosinase. Both enzymes degrade sinigrin producing glucose, KHSO4, and allyl isothiocyanate. They attack only the mustard oil thioglucosides, and are inactive on thioglucosides not having this configuration. The fungal enzyme is relatively more active on sinalbin and glucotropaeolin than is myrosinase. The fungal enzyme is less resistant to heat, acids, alkalies, and chemical inhibitors than is the mustard enzyme.
VeriUI: attested login for mobile devices

Mobile apps increasingly require users to login to remote services such as Facebook and Twitter. Unfortunately, today's mobile platforms provide weak protection for login credentials such as passwords. To address this problem, we introduce the idea of an attested login and an embodiment of this idea called VeriUI. Attested login augments user credentials with a certificate describing the software and hardware that handled the credentials. Experiments with a VeriUI prototype found that it avoids the sluggish responsiveness of a thin-client approach, while a small app study indicates that VeriUI would require minor changes to existing apps.
How to be a Tribe in the Southern Philippines during the Advent of NGOs and the Invention of The Indigenous

Local peoples, now known as "indigenous," are so known because of a long history of being categorized as primitive, tribal, and exotic, a categorization that served to justify their exploitation, oppression, and poverty. This external categorization and the resulting shared fate of victimization has fostered a sense of shared identity among those who find themselves to be indigenous. And now, partly as the result of world-wide NGO activity, these peoples have been presented with the opportunity of transforming their indigenous status from a stigma of an undercaste into a weapon of struggle against oppression. But to do so, they, and those who hope to help them, must validate their status as qualified members of this artificial category that was created to oppress them. Rallying one's political struggle around the image of indigeneity has its dangers. It is an image embedded in notions of primitiveness, of backwardness, of the "tribal." It is a commitment to being different, to being "the other." This may ...
Spline algorithms for the Hartree-Fock equation for the helium ground state

Spline algorithms are evaluated for the non-linear, integro-differential equation describing the Hartree-Fock approximation for the He 1s21S ground state. The error in the energy decreases as h2K−2, where h is a grid parameter and K is the order of the spline. It is shown that for higher order splines, the method is fast and accurate, and contrary to the conclusion reached by Altenberger-Siczek and Gilbert, that spline methods are suitable for SCF atomic structure calculations. Accuracy and timing studies are presented as well as comparisons with other accurate procedures.
Curing and mechanical characterization of a soy‐based epoxy resin system

A potentially inexpensive alternative epoxy resin system based on soybean oil has been developed for polymer composite applications. Epoxidized methyl soyate (EMS) and epoxidized allyl soyate (EAS) have been synthesized at the University of Missouri–Rolla. These materials consist of mixtures of epoxidized fatty acid esters. The epoxidized soy-based resins provide better intermolecular crosslinking and yield materials that are stronger than materials obtained with commercially available epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The curing behavior and glass transition have been monitored with differential scanning calorimetry. Neat resin test samples have been fabricated from resin systems containing various amounts of EMS, EAS, and ESO. Standardized tests have shown that the addition of EAS enhances the tensile and flexural properties of the base epoxy resin system. Therefore, epoxidized soy ester additives hold great potential for environmentally friendly and lower cost raw materials for the fabrication of epoxy composites for structural applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3513–3518, 2004
Full-time Women Faculty Off the Tenure Track: Profile and Practice

Women are overrepresented in the growing number and proportion of full-time non-tenure-track faculty. Data from NSOPF-93, institutional surveys, and interviews show these women clustered in the lowest faculty ranks and in traditionally female disciplines. They carry heavier teaching loads than their male colleagues, are paid less, and have fewer opportunities for advancement. Full-time non-tenure-track women with a doctorate are the least satisfied of all faculty. These findings suggest substantive institutional changes in politics and practices dealing with non-tenure-track faculty.
Comparison of Standardized Uptake Values with Volume of Distribution for Quantitation of [11C]PBR28 Brain Uptake

Abstract Introduction [ 11 C]PBR28 is a high-affinity ligand for the Translocator Protein 18kDa (TSPO), which is considered to be a marker for microglial activation. Volume of distribution (V T ) estimated with an arterial plasma input function is the gold standard for quantitation of [ 11 C]PBR28 binding. However, arterial sampling is impractical at many PET sites for multiple reasons. Reference region modeling approaches are not ideal for TSPO tracers, as the existence of a true reference region cannot be assumed. Given that it would be desirable to have a non-invasive index of [ 11 C]PBR28 binding, we elected to study the utility of the semi-quantitative metric, standardized uptake value (SUV) for use in brain [ 11 C]PBR PET studies. The primary goal of this study was to determine the relationship between SUV and V T . Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from sixteen [ 11 C]PBR28 PET scans acquired in baboons at baseline and at multiple time points after IV injection of lipopolysaccharide, an endotoxin that transiently induces neuroinflammation. For each scan, data from 14 brain regions of interest were studied. V T was estimated with the Logan plot, using metabolite-corrected input functions. SUV was calculated with data from 30 to 60minutes after [ 11 C]PBR28 injection. Results Within individual PET studies, SUV tended to correlate well with V T . Across studies, the relationship between SUV and V T was variable. Conclusions From study to study, there was variability in the degree of correlation between [ 11 C]PBR28 V T and SUV. There are multiple physiological factors that may contribute to this variance. Advances in Knowledge As currently applied, the non-invasive measurement of SUV does not appear to be a reliable outcome variable for [ 11 C]PBR28. Additional work is needed to discover the source of the discrepancy in SUV between [ 11 C]PBR28 scans. Implications for Patient Care There is a need to develop alternatives to arterial plasma input functions for TSPO ligands in order to facilitate multi-center trials.
A New Criterion for Affineness

We show that an irreducible quasiprojective variety of dimension defined over an algebraically closed field with characteristic zero is an affine variety if and only if () = 0 and () = 0 for all , , where is any hypersurface with sufficiently large degree. A direct application is that an irreducible quasiprojective variety over is a Stein variety if it satisfies the two vanishing conditions. Here, all sheaves are algebraic.