cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Searching through Published Literature

Studying literature is part of doing research. Besides naming some of the sources of literature, this chapter points out that searching literature is more like finding one's way along a trail in a jungle than taking an evening walk through the city park. An example shows that discrimination is an essential ingredient and that doing the most does not always result in getting the best. In doing a literature search, there is no orderly, step-by-step procedure to follow. Quite a bit of roundabout search is fairly common. There is a lot of “information” on any topic, on any meaningful word combination that may be formed. The list of studies available is overwhelming, sometimes running to several hundred items. If the researcher spends the time to read each one of the titles and looks at the source to make a reasonable guess as to its relevance, he may get a few articles to look at in detail.
Clinical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated intrauterine exposure to oxytocin: A prospective study

Abstract A prospective investigation of 114 pregnant women compared 54 with consistently negative oxytocin challenge tests to 60 women who did not have oxytocin challenge tests but did have fetal monitoring during labor. Despite more high-risk factors in the OCT group, there were no significant differences noted in the offspring. Specifically, extensive behavioral testing during the first 12 hours of life and at 3 days of age did not show any abnormalities. Furthermore, jaundice and respiratory distress were not seen more often after oxytocin exposure. These data argue that the OCT itself is without demonstrable adverse effects on the otherwise healthy fetus.
Modification and Maintenance of ULV Decompositions

The ULV decomposition (ULVD) is an important member of a class of rank-revealing two-sided orthogonal decompositions used to approximate the singular value decomposition (SVD). It is useful in the many applications of the SVD where we are only interested in separating the right singular subspace associated with “large” singular values from that associated with “small” ones.
Chinon‐katalysierte, selektive Oxidation organischer Moleküle

Chinone sind gebrauchliche, stochiometrisch eingesetzte Reagentien in der organischen Chemie. para-Chinone mit hohem Reduktionspotential wie DDQ und Chloranil werden verbreitet angewendet und fordern normalerweise die Hydridabstraktion. In den letzten Jahren wurden viele katalytische Anwendungen dieser Methoden entwickelt, wobei das oxidierte Chinon in situ mithilfe von Ubergangsmetallen, O2 oder Elektrochemie regeneriert wird. Erganzende Studien haben zur Entdeckung einer anderen Klasse von Chinonen gefuhrt, die den ortho-Chinon-Cofaktoren in Kupfer-Amin-Oxidasen ahneln und effiziente und selektive aerobe und/oder elektrochemische Dehydrierungen von Aminen vermitteln. Letztgenannte Reaktionen laufen gewohnlich uber elektrophile Transaminierungs- und/oder Additions-Eliminierungs-Reaktionsmechanismen anstelle von Hydridabstraktionspfaden ab. Die gesammelten Beobachtungen zeigen, dass die Chinonstruktur einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Reaktionsmechanismus ausubt und somit bedeutende Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung neuer Chinonreagentien und Chinon-katalysierter Umwandlungen hat.
A helical magnet design for RHIC

Helical dipole magnets are required in a project for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to control and preserve the beam polarization in order to allow the collision of polarized proton beams. Specifications are for low current superconducting magnets with a 100 mm coil aperture and a 4 Tesla field in which the field rotates 360 degrees over a distance of 2.4 meters. A magnet meeting the requirements has been developed that uses a small diameter cable wound into helical grooves machined into a thick-walled aluminum cylinder.
Glatiramer acetate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Teva Pharmaceuticals Ltd) is a collection of immunomodulatory, synthetic polypeptides indicated for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR MS). Preclinical and clinical studies provide an evolving understanding of the mechanisms by which glatiramer acetate exerts both immunological and potential neuroprotective effects that account for its clinical efficacy. The results of pivotal controlled clinical trials and long-term data, derived from organised extension studies, are evaluated in detail and supportive data from open-label comparison, combination treatment and therapeutic switch studies are considered in order to determine the place of glatiramer acetate among other approved therapies for RR MS. The efficacy of glatiramer acetate is stable or may increase over time and the drug has a favourable side effect profile. Glatiramer acetate is an appropriate first-line immunomodulatory therapy for RR MS.
Evidence for echolocation in the oldest known bats

The earliest-known bats are represented by excellent fossil material, including virtually complete skeletons of Icaronycteris index from the early Eocene (50 Myr BP) of western Wyoming and Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon from the middle Eocene (45 Myr BP) 'Grube Messel' of western Germany. These taxa have been closely allied with Recent Microchiroptera, a suborder of diverse bats noted for their powers of ultrasonic echolocation. A problem with this relationship is the alleged absence in the Eocene forms of specializations in the auditory region and other aspects of the skeletal system. It has been proposed, therefore, that the oldest bats are members of a group more primitive and possibly ancestral to the Microchiroptera and the visually oriented Megachiroptera. Previously undescribed specimens now show, however, that Icaronycteris and Palaeochiropteryx share special basicranial features with microchiropterans which suggest comparable refinement of ultrasonic echolocation. These results support the theory that a sophisticated sonar system was present in the earliest records of microchiropteran history.
Protoplanetary dust porosity and FU Orionis outbursts: Solving the mystery of Earth’s missing volatiles

Abstract The Earth is known to be depleted in volatile lithophile elements in a fashion that defies easy explanation. We resolve this anomaly with a model that combines the porosity of collisionally grown dust grains in protoplanetary disks with heating from FU Orionis events that dramatically raise protoplanetary disk temperatures. The heating from an FU Orionis event alters the aerodynamical properties of the dust while evaporating the volatiles. This causes the dust to settle, abandoning those volatiles. The success of this model in explaining the elemental composition of the Earth is a strong argument in favor of highly porous collisionally grown dust grains in protoplanetary disks outside our Solar System. Further, it demonstrates how thermal (or condensation based) alterations of dust porosity, and hence aerodynamics, can be a strong factor in planet formation, leading to the onset of rapid gravitational instabilities in the dust disk and the subsequent collapse that forms planetesimals.
Dual ALK and EGFR inhibition targets a mechanism of acquired resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib in ALK rearranged lung cancer.

Introduction The multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib is active against ALK translocated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however acquired resistance invariably develops over time. ALK mutations have previously been implicated in only a third of resistant tumors. We sought to evaluate alternative mechanisms of resistance and preclinical strategies to overcome these in a cell line driven by EML4-ALK.
Variation in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulation of proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in late-passage rat osteoblastic cell lines

Abstract The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], 1,25-dihydroxy-16ene-23yne-vitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 -16ene-23yne-D 3 ] (a synthetic analog) and retinoic acid on proliferation, protein synthesis, and alkaline phosphotase activity and mRNA were compared in two late-passage (P > 70) clonal rat osteoblastic cell lines (G2 and C12) in order to characterize variations in the basal and hormonally-regulated phenotypes. All agents inhibited proliferation (measured as cell number after 3 days of treatment) in late-passage (P > 70) G2 and C12 cells without inhibiting the rate of protein synthesis ([ 3 H]leucine incorporation into TCA-precipitable protein) during the last 18 h of incubation. Basal and hormone-treated alkaline phosphatase activities were lower in late-passage G2 and C12 cells than those previously reported for early-passage G2 and C12 cells. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and 1,25(OH) 2 -16ene-23yne-D 3 up-regulated alkaline phosphatase activity in late-passage C12 cells and down-regulated it in late-passage G2 cells. The direction of these regulatory changes in late-passage cells was opposite to that reported for early passages of these clones, and changes were related to the levels of tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase mRNA normalized for actin mRNA. Effects of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 or 1,25(OH) 2 -16ene-23yne-D 3 and retinoic acid were not additive, suggesting a competitive mechanism of action. It appears that increased sensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of regulatory hormones and defects in proliferation and specialization of the osteoblast are observed with increasing passage number in vitro in two model osteoblastic cell lines (G2 and C12).
Qualitative observations of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister, in and around traps: evidence of resource guarding and clustering

Decapod crustaceans are well known for agonistic interactions where they commonly fight over resources. Accurate descriptions of crab behaviour are essential to the development of quantitative behavioural studies involving the Dungeness crab fishery. An underwater video system mounted over a commercial crab trap in situ was used to qualitatively describe several of the most common behaviours utilized by Cancer magister in and around traps, including the documentation of previously undescribed behaviours in this species. Crabs commonly guarded trap doors without entering the trap and prevented other inspecting crabs from entering the trap. Agonistic interactions in traps ceased when crabs ‘clustered’ together, creating a group of non-interacting, fairly motionless crabs sitting on or near each other. These observations indicate that crab behaviour merits further attention in future studies of gear saturation and the catchability of Dungeness crabs.
Response of slender structural members in self-excited oscillation

The classical Hartlen-Currie model, originally developed for response of a circular rigid cylinder in subcritical flow, is modified and extended to be applied to other cross sections. Non-dimensional parameters characterizing any given section must be calibrated by reliable test data. The procedure is illustrated by a successful application to an H-shaped section, including a graphical representation of amplitude at various damping parameters. The results for a rigid cylinder are then extended to represent a flexural beam with given end conditions. Finally, a summary of the procedure to compute the rms deflection in a supercritical flow is given through the application of random vibration theory.
Nuclear sap protein kinases from calf thymus substrate inhibition with histone

1. Protamines were preferentially phosphorylated by the six protein kinase fractions isolated from calf thymus nuclear sap, but histones with the exception of H4 also proved to be acceptable substrates. 2. BSA was not a substrate for the first five kinase fractions, but was the best substrate for the seventh fraction, which also exhibited considerable activity with H4 as substrate. 3. An analysis of in vitro phosphorylation experiments with nuclear sap protein kinases reveals a decreased H2b phosphorylation in H1-depleted chromatin relative to "native" chromatin. 4. With fraction V the initial velocity patterns at fixed ATP levels and varying concentrations of histones exhibit cooperativity at lower concentrations and inhibition at higher concentrations, indicating that nuclear sap kinases might play important roles in sensitive regulatory mechanisms of histone phosphorylation in vivo.
Enzymes with extra talents: moonlighting functions and catalytic promiscuity

Recent studies of moonlighting functions and catalytic promiscuity provide insights into the structural and mechanistic bases of these phenomena. Moonlighting proteins that are highlighted include gephyrin, the Neurospora crassa tyrosyl tRNA synthetase, phosphoglucose isomerase, and cytochrome c. New insights into catalytic promiscuity are provided by studies of aminoglycoside kinase (3') type IIIa, tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase, and aldolase antibody 38C2.
Big data: The curse of dimensionality in modeling

The problem of variable selection in system identification of a high dimensional nonlinear non-parametric system is described. The inherent difficulty, the curse of dimensionality, is introduced. Its connections to various topics and research areas are briefly discussed including order determination, pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning, statistical regression and manifold embedding. Finally, two methods, top down and bottom up approaches are described in some details.
Steady-State Marginalized Particle Filter for Attitude Estimation

A marginalized particle filter (MPF) is designed for attitude estimation problem. Unit quaternions are used to parameterize rotations. The linear structure in the gyroscope bias dynamics enables us to completely decouple its evolution from quaternion particles. We further show that the linear part of the proposed MPF reaches a steady state, similar to what Kalman filter does for controllable and observable linear stochastic systems. Although the steady-state MPF is similar to the particle filter in structure, it has two advantages: (i) the theoretical superiority of marginalizing linear substructure, and (ii) the reduction in total computational time. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrated the performance of the proposed filter.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
An Arabidopsis gene encoding a putative 14-3-3-interacting protein, caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase.

Abstract AFT1, a 14-3-3 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana , was used as a `bait' in the two-hybrid system to identify its interacting proteins. A caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O -methyltransferase, OMT1, was identified as one of the several proteins that specifically interacts with AFT1 in yeast cells. The physical interaction between AFT1 and a partial OMT1 polypeptide can be demonstrated in vitro by using bacterially expressed proteins. A single copy gene was found to encode OMT1 in Arabidopsis , and its expression is both spatially and temporally regulated.
A Postscript for Research on Black Women: New Populations, New Directions

This postscript challenges researchers to address the fundamental question, how do we define Black women? Changes in various aspects of Blackness—the Black family, the Black community, the Black experience—are highlighted. Taking into consideration these changes, clarification of how the intersection of gender and ethnicity together with other markers of status operate in the lives of Black women is stressed.
Biomechanical identification of injury to an intervertebral joint

Experimental and analytical finite element analyses were conducted to determine the effects of external mechanical load which produce spinal injury. Experimental studies on human thoracolumbar vertebra-disc-vertebra structures (functional unit) under axial compressive loading demonstrate four different phases in the load-deflection response. They are the initial ambient or preload, physiological, traumatic and post-traumatic loading phases. Initiations of trauma seen in the form of microfailures was defined as the point at which the instantaneous tangent stiffness of the structure begins to decrease for the first time. For both normal and degenerate segments, load at this level (microfailure load) was found to be about 80% (22.5%) of the conventional traumatic failure load which is defined as the point at which the stiffness of the structure suddenly drops to zero. However, the microfailure and conventional traumatic failure loads in degenerated discs were significantly lower than normal discs. Degenerate spines were more flexible than normal spines. Hypotheses regarding the presence of these microfailures in the spinal segment. which were not obvious on radiographs. were confirmed by morphological cryosections. Analysis of data with regard to energy absorbing characteristics indicated that the energy absorbed by normal discs between microfailure and traumatic failure was 43% of total energy required for traumatic failure. In degenerate discs this value was 28%. This may be an important index in determining the reserve strength in the spinal structure after the initiation of injury. A planar axisymmetric finite element model was constructed using geometry from experimental records. Material and geometrical nonlinearities were handled
Maintenance of the thyroid axis during diet-induced obesity in rodents is controlled at the central level

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is a major contributor in maintaining energy expenditure and body weight, and the adipocyte hormone leptin regulates this axis by increasing TRH levels...
Linear dynamical systems and an approximation problem for linear transformations

This paper discusses an approximating procedure which is often used in the analysis of damped linear dynamical systems arising in engineering.
Impact of physical and relational peer victimization on depressive cognitions in children and adolescents

The purpose of this study is to find longitudinal evidence of the effect of targeted peer victimization (TPV) on depressive cognitions as a function of victimization type and gender. Prospective relations of physical and relational peer victimization to positive and negative self-cognitions were examined in a 1-year, 2-wave longitudinal study. Self-reports of cognitions and both peer nomination and self-report measures of peer victimization experiences were obtained from 478 predominantly Caucasian children and young adolescents (Grades 3-6 at the beginning of the study) evenly split between genders. As a result, (a) peer victimization predicted increases in negative cognitions and decreases in positive cognitions over time; (b) relational victimization was more consistently related to changes in depressive cognitions than was physical victimization; (c) the prospective relation between victimization and depressive cognitions was stronger for boys than for girls; and (d) when the overlap between relational and physical TPV was statistically controlled, girls experienced more relational TPV than did boys, and boys experienced more physical TPV than did girls. Peer victimization, particularly relational TPV, has a significant impact on children's depressive cognitions. This relation seems particularly true for boys. Implications for future research, clinical work with victimized youth at risk for depression, and school policy to help both victims and bullies are discussed.
Parametric Design and Structural Analysis of Deployable Origami Tessellation

AbstractThis paper presents a research study on a geometry and mechanism of origami for generating a deployable tessellation structure that will be tested as a large span structural system. The research explores a combination of methods for understanding the structural limitations of deployable origamic geometry by using geometric scripting with a parametric system and finite element analysis tools. This combination of methods allows deployable origamic geometry structures to be evaluated at various scales which provides information on how to optimize the geometry for a given scenario. Analog models based on biological inspirations were initially produced for studying the origamic deployment mechanism followed by a process that translated the model into a scripting based form generation using a parametric system to propagate different permutations of the same origami family. The workflow requires interoperability between the parametric system (Grasshopper/Rhino), Excel, and finite element analysis tool (L...
Using NDVI to define thermal south in several mountainous landscapes of California

We combined normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and digital terrain analysis to detect thermal south (defined in this paper as the warmest slope azimuth, especially for plant growth) in three mountainous landscapes of California. Two methods, respectively, defined topography-controlled thermal south as corresponding to (1) the maximum NDVI contrast between opposite topographic aspects or (2) the maximum covariance between NDVI and deviated southness. Southness was obtained from aspect (slope azimuth in degrees) by taking its negative cosine value. A multi-scale approach using multi-seasonal NDVI images of the three study areas defined that thermal south would vary with seasons, spatial scales, and study areas, but it deviated from 0^o to 180^o azimuth line towards southwest in all cases. A deviation angle should thereby be applied when aspect is used as a topographic proxy indicating local thermal conditions. However, the angle must be defined in a way specific to the landscape, scale, and season that are under investigation, hence requiring rapid, easy-to-use tools. The two methods, suggested in this paper, reported comparable thermal south and, together with resultant findings, they may contribute to the study of mountain landscapes, since direct meteorological observations are usually sparse or non-existent in mountains.
Directional characteristics of tuberous electroreceptors in the weakly electric fish, Hypopomus (Gymnotiformes)

This paper is an electrophysiological study of the directionality of the tuberous electroreceptors of weakly electric fish. We recorded from two classes of tuberous electroreceptors known for pulse gymnotiforms: Burst Duration Coders (BDCs), and Pulse Markers (PMs). Both code for stimulus amplitude, although the dynamic range for BDCs is greater, and both exhibit strong directional preferences. Polar plots of spike number (for BDCs) or spike threshold (for PMs) versus electric field azimuth, are figure-8 shaped with two asymmetrical, elliptical lobes separated by 180 degrees. The best azimuth of these two types of receptors from a given body region correlate with each other and with measures of best azimuth for transepidermal current flow. The shape and asymmetry of the directionality profiles appear to be caused by filter dynamics of the receptors. Pulse Markers are located on the anterior part of the body surface while Burst Duration Coders are located all over. The best directions of receptors in the anterior third of the body vary systematically with location from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. This region is probably critical for determining the direction of local electric fields. Together these receptors provide the CNS with sufficient information to construct a map of horizontal plane electric field directions.
Comparison of outcomes from daptomycin or linezolid treatment for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infection: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study†

Abstract Background: The optimal treatment for bloodstream infections (BSIs) with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is unknown. Objective: This study examined outcomes in patients treated with daptomycin or linezolid for VRE BSI. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study was performed via chart review. Hospitalized patients treated for VRE BSI with daptomycin or linezolid from September 1, 2003, to June 30, 2007, were identified via pharmacy and microbiology reports at each institution. Patients aged Duration of BSI was defined as the amount of time from the draw date of the first positive blood culture to the draw date of the first finalized negative blood culture. Adverse events were not assessed. Results: One-hundred one patients from 3 participating US hospitals experiencing VRE BSI were identified. Sixty-seven patients were treated with daptomycin and 34 with linezolid. Baseline characteristics appeared comparable between the daptomycin- and linezolidtreated groups, with the exception of shock ( P = 0.049), prior vancomycin treatment ( P = 0.002), and prior linezolid treatment ( P P = NS). Linear regression found that shock (P = 0.015), infective endocarditis ( P = 0.021), and concurrent rifampin or gentamicin treatment ( P = 0.01) were associated with prolonged duration of positive cultures. Logistic regression revealed that shock (odds ratio [OR] = 14.24; P = 0.008), infection with Enterococcus faecium (OR = 53.10; P = 0.024), previous linezolid treatment (OR = 6.63; P = 0.031), concurrent rifampin or gentamicin treatment (OR = 6.48; P = 0.046), and a nonline source of infection (OR = 6.67; P = 0.019) were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort analysis, there were no significant differences in mortality of VRE BSI between patients receiving daptomycin or linezolid. Underlying comorbidities appeared to best predict outcome; however, given the retrospective nature of this study, larger, prospective, randomized, comparative studies are needed to control for potential biases and determine definitive outcome differences between these 2 antimicrobials.
Note-On An Interpretation of Fractional Objectives in Goal Programming as Related to Papers by Awerbuch et al., and Hannan

This Note points out a minor error in a technique developed by Soyster and Level Soyster, A. L., B. Lev. 1978. An interpretation of fractional objectives in goal programming as related to papers by Awerbuch et al., and Hannan. Management Sci.24 14 1546-1549. for determining if a linear goal can be substituted for a fractional goal in a goal programming problem. A revised formulation is provided.
Processing and properties of MoSi2Nb composites

Abstract Powder processing techniques for MoSi2 composites are described. The effect of Nb morphology on the fracture resistance of the composites was studied. Discontinuous random Nb particles or fibers deflected cracks that propagated through the MoSi2 matrix. However, this did not result in any improvements in toughness (as measured from the area under flexural stress-displacement curves). Aligned Nb fibers oriented perpendicular to the direction of matrix crack propagation directly participated in the fracture of the composite; these fibers toughened MoSi2. However, there was an effect of the diameter on the fracture behavior of the aligned fibers. The effect of fiber diameter on fibermatrix separation could be explained through the load carrying capacity of the fibers and the ability of the fiber-matrix interface to separate.
Self-duality and nonrelativistic Maxwell-Chern-Simons solitons.

We consider a model of nonrelativistic charged matter interacting with a massive Abelian gauge field and a neutral scalar field in (2+1)-dimensional space-time. As in the model considered by Jackiw and Pi with a pure Chern-Simons interaction, the model admits classical static self-dual solutions. These solutions are nontopological solitons which may be threaded by a number of vortices. Furthermore, these self-dual classical solutions are zero-energy configurations.
Direct-Contact Heat Transfer for Process Technologies

Direct-contact heat transfer processes between fluid streams are reviewed for situations that may be found in process technologies. While not all of the past work could be referenced in the space available, many current and review articles are cited that provide sources of detailed information. Included in this review are topics that relate to direct contact evaporation, condensation, and boiling as well as simple sensible heat transfer between the fluid streams.
Rapid frequency scan EPR.

Abstract In rapid frequency scan EPR with triangular scans, sufficient time must be allowed to insure that the magnetization in the x, y plane decays to baseline at the end of the scan, which typically is about 5T2 after the spins are excited. To permit relaxation of signals excited toward the extremes of the scan the total scan time required may be much longer than 5T2. However, with periodic, saw-tooth excitation, the slow-scan EPR spectrum can be recovered by Fourier deconvolution of data recorded with a total scan period of 5T2, even if some spins are excited later in the scan. This scan time is similar to polyphase excitation methods. The peak power required for either polyphase excitation or rapid frequency scans is substantially smaller than for pulsed EPR. The use of an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) and cross loop resonator facilitated implementation of the rapid frequency scan experiments reported here. The use of constant continuous low B1, periodic excitation waveform, and constant external magnetic field is similar to polyphase excitation, but could be implemented without the AWG that is required for polyphase excitation.
Intermittent Photic Stimulation at Marginal Intensity Levels

(1951). Intermittent Photic Stimulation at Marginal Intensity Levels. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 217-223.
AGGREGATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF RAT LYMPHOCYTES ON RAT EMBRYO MONOLAYERS

Lymphocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats have been cultured on monolayers of embryo-derived fibroblasts from the same outbred strain. Under these conditions the lymphocytes form aggregates, and transformation of small lymphocytes to lymphoid blast cells occurs within these aggregates. Transformation is characterized cytologically by enlargement of the nucleus, dispersion of nuclear chromatin, and the appearance of a prominent nucleolus. The principal cytoplasmic changes are an increase in cytoplasmic volume, a marked increase in number of ribosomes, and a clustering of ribosomes. These changes parallel those seen in the transformation of lymphocytes caused by a variety of treatments. One apparent difference is the paucity of lysosomes and lipid inclusions in the lymphocytes that transform on the monolayer.
Formation of He 6 by 14-Mev Neutron Bombardment of Li and Be

Formation of ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ by bombardment of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$, ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$, and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$ with 14-Mev neutrons has been observed. The ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ was identified by its known half-life and the decay rate observed on a ten-channel time-delay analyzer. Beta-rays from the ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ were detected by means of a thin-walled proportional counter, and the over-all counting efficiency was determined by using the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}(n, 2n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$ reaction. Cross sections determined for the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, p)$, ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(n, d)$, and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}(n, \ensuremath{\alpha})$ reactions were 6.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8, 9.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1, and 10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 millibarns, respectively. The half-life of ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ was found to be 0.83\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 second.
The rise of militant Bretonité

The Breton movement in France grew increasingly militant in the late twentieth century, in part due to the French government. After its official and unofficial repression of Bretons ended in the mid-twentieth century, France never developed a consistent policy to deal with Breton culture. At the same time, the Bretons themselves changed their political outlook. The rise of militant Bretonite resulted from a new belief among the activists that their survival depended on government intervention. This change led to a shift in Breton politics from the right to the left, and an overall change in the movement itself.
Lattice dynamics of the potential-induced breathing model: Phonon dispersion in the alkaline-earth oxides.

We find the dynamical matrix for the potential-induced breathing (PIB) model for ionic solids, and calculate with no adjustable parameters the phonon-dispersion relations for the alkaline-earth oxides in the B1 structure. Our approach is similar to that of Gordon and Kim, in which the crystalline charge densities are estimated by overlapping atomic charge densities, which are then converted to energy by electron-gas approximations. It goes beyond the original Gordon-Kim model by allowing for spherical breathing of the atoms in response to the long-range potential, and beyond later refinements of the modified-electron-gas models by explicitly including the effects of PIB on the self-energy and the overlap interactions. This allows us to treat general deformations and lattice dynamics including the many-body PIB effects. PIB couples the long- and short-range forces in a way that is not present in any other lattice-dynamical model, since the spherical charge relaxation is coupled to the long-range electrostatic potential. PIB gives better agreement for the splitting of the longitudinal- and transverse-optic mode frequencies than is found with rigid-ion models, as well as much improved acoustic branches. PIB is a nonempirical model; no experimental data are used other than the values of fundamental constants such as Planck's constant and the atomic masses.
Cloning, sequencing and analysis of cDNA encoding bovine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).

Abstract Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an inducible glycoprotein that interacts with the leukocyte β 2 -integrins, LFA-1 and Mac-1. We have isolated and analyzed a cDNA clone coding for the putative bovine ICAM-1 gene and compared it with known comparative sequences from other species as well as bovine ICAM-3. The 3398-bp bovine ICAM-1 cDNA sequence codes for 535 amino acids and shows 57% homology with human ICAM-1 and 47% homology with bovine ICAM-3 at the amino acid levels. The predicted number and positions of cysteine residues in bovine ICAM-1 are all conserved among species including bovine ICAM-3. It has two arginineglycine-aspartate (RGD) sites in the extracellular region and a serine residue in the cytoplasmic tail. Northern blot results show that the bovine ICAM-1 gene is expressed in stimulated leukocytes whereas bovine ICAM-3 is expressed predominantly in resting neutrophils.
SiCarbiders reaching critical mass fast

Abstract Since reporting last issue on Cree Research's pivotal role in silicon carbide (SiC) research, development, and commercial push, TFR has tapped into an excitingly cohesive, and remarkably well-organized industry niche that's growing, fast.
Use of isopropyl-N(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC) to produce partial haploid cells from suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max)

Suspension cultures of a heterozygous line of soybean (Glycine max) were treated with CIPC. Surviving clones had lost 10–15 chromosomes. A recessive phenotype (non-fluorescence) not expressed in the heterozygote, was expressed with high frequency (15–20%) in these clones. Nucleoside auxotrophs were isolated from the segregant clones consistent with partial haploidy. A selective screen for nucleoside auxotrophs is described.
Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 organic/inorganic gels as catalysts for olefin epoxidation

Abstract Hybrid TiO2–SiO2 xerogels were treated at different temperatures, and used as olefin epoxidation catalysts. All samples displayed a very high selectivity toward formation of cyclooctene oxide from cis-cyclooctene, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and methanol. ‘All-inorganic’ (entirely TEOS-based) preparations are more subject to Ti leaching during reaction than the hybrid materials and as a consequence, they display much poorer activity recovery after recovery and re-use. The higher hydrophobicity of the hybrid samples relative to that of the conventional TiO2–SiO2 alcogel is demonstrated by dynamic adsorption experiments using an oscillating balance reactor.
Law tradition and institutional quality: some empirical evidence†

Law tradition of a country is associated with its institutional quality. Countries with a French Civil code tradition display a negative link with bureaucratic development, lack of corruption, credibility of governments and others. Results are maintained even after controlling for regional and colonial variables and, in general, appear robust. Countries with a Common Law tradition show a positive relationship with institutional quality, though not as robust when testing a broad range of specifications. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of Scully, Posner and others, that link origin of laws and economic behaviour. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acardiac twin fetus with severe hydrops fetalis and bilateral talipes varus deformity.

Twin reversed-arterial-perfusion syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. TRAPS is characterized by the hemodynamic dependence of a “recipient” twin from a “pump” twin. The “recipient” twin exhibits lethal abnormalities, such as acardia and acephaly. Circulatory failure of the normal twin derives from the existence of arterio-arterial and veno-venous anastomoses within the placenta that allow retrograde perfusion of the acardiac twin by blood coming from the normal twin. Acardiac twinning is the most extreme manifestation of the twin-twin transfusion syndrome. This occurs in 1 in 100 monozygotic twin pregnancies and 1 in 35,000 births. We report a case of diamnionic monochorionic female twins in which the acardiac twin demonstrated severe hydrops fetalis and bilateral talipes varus deformity. Cesarean section was performed on a 27-year-old hypertensive gravida 2, para 1 mother for fetal indications at 32 6/7 weeks gestation. The acardiac fetus had a two-vessel umbilical c...
Memory karaoke: using a location-aware mobile reminiscence tool to support aging in place

Episodic memory exercises such as reminiscing and storytelling have been shown to provide therapeutic benefits for older adults by prolonging their ability to lead an independent lifestyle. In this paper, we describe a mobile reminiscence tool called Memory Karaoke, which facilitates episodic memory exercise through contextualized storytelling of meaningful experiences by using contextual cues such as location, time, and photos. We present results from two studies we conducted with Memory Karaoke to explore which contextual cues contribute to best exercising a person's episodic memory. Our findings suggest that while viewing photos do exercise episodic memory to some extent, additional contextual cues (e.g. location and time) can solicit a greater amount of episodic memory exercise. This suggests that Memory Karaoke's selective capture process and its ability to contextualize memories while users retell stories are two effective features which help it to support episodic memory use. These results, together with positive qualitative feedback, provide promising evidence for Memory Karaoke as a viable mobile alternative for helping older adults to exercise their episodic memory and, in turn, assist them in successfully "aging in place".
Substituted methanes. XVII. Vibrational spectra, potential constants, and calculated thermodynamic properties of diiodomethane

Raman displacements, semiquantitative relative intensities, quantitative depolarization factors, and wave numbers for the infrared bands in the region 400–3800 cm−1 have been obtained for liquid CH2I2. A normal coordinate treatment was carried out, and a reasonable set of potential constants was determined, using the most general quadratic potential energy function. Assignments were made for all observed Raman and infrared bands. The heat content, free energy, entropy, and heat capacity at constant pressure were calculated for 12 temperatures from 100° to 1000°K.
Refinement of the solution structure of a branched DNA three-way junction.

We have refined the structure of the DNA Three-Way Junction complex, TWJ-TC, described in the companion paper by quantitative analysis of two 2D NOESY spectra (mixing times 60 and 200 ms) obtained in D2O solution. NOESY crosspeak intensities extracted from these spectra were used in two kinds of refinement procedure: 1) distance-restrained energy minimization (EM) and molecular dynamics (MD) and 2) full relaxation matrix back calculation refinement. The global geometry of the refined model is very similar to that of a published, preliminary model (Leontis, 1993). Two of the helical arms of the junction are stacked. These are Helix 1, defined by basepairs S1-G1/S3-C12 through S1-C5/S3-G8 and Helix 2, which comprises basepairs S1-C6/S2-G5 through S1-G10/S2-G1. The third helical arm (Helix 3), comprised of basepairs S2-C6/S3-G5 through S2-C10/S3-G1 extends almost perpendicularly from the axis defined by Helices 1 and 2. The bases S1-C5 and S1-C6 of Strand 1 are continuously stacked across the junction region. The conformation of this strand is close to that of B-form DNA along its entire length, including the S1-C5 to S1-C6 dinucleotide step at the junction. The two unpaired bases S3-T6 and S3-C7 lie outside of the junction along the minor groove of Helix 1 and largely exposed to solvent. Analysis of the refined structure reveals that the glycosidic bond of S3-T6 exists in the syn conformation, allowing the methyl group of this residue to contact the hydrophobic surface of the minor groove of Helix 1, at S3-G11.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Complexity of the Modal Predicate Logic of "True in Every Transitive Model of ZF"

Robert Solovay [8] investigated the version of the modal sentential calculus one gets by taking "no" to mean "q is true in every transitive model of ZermeloFraenkel set theory (ZF)." Defining an interpretation to be a function * taking formulas of the modal sentential calculus to sentences of the language of set theory that commutes with the Boolean connectives and sets (LOf)* equal to the statement that q* is true in every transitive model of ZF, and stipulating that a modal formula ? is valid if and only if, for every interpretation *, 0* is true in every transitive model of ZF, Solovay obtained a complete and decidable set of axioms.1 In this paper, we stifle the hope that we might continue Solovay's program by getting an analogous set of axioms for the modal predicate calculus. The set of valid formulas of the modal predicate calculus is not axiomatizable;2 indeed, it is complete rIl We also look at a variant notion of validity according to which a formula X counts as valid if and only if, for every interpretation *, 0* is true. For this alternative conception of validity, we shall obtain a lower bound of complexity: every set which is El? in the set of sentences of the language of set theory true in the constructible universe will be 1-reducible to the set of valid modal formulas.3 We define Y, the language of set theory, to be the first-order language whose predicates are "=" and "E" and whose logical operations are conjunction, negation, and universal quantification. Form the language Yv by adding to Y a canonical name a for each set a, in such a way that the function taking a to a is absolutely definable, as are such syntactic operations as substitution of constants for variables. We say that a sentence X of Yv is true in a set U iff the sentence k u one gets from X by restricting the quantifiers to U, replacing "(Vx)" by "(Vx E L)", is true. By model we shall always mean a transitive set U in which all the axioms of ZF are true. We assume that, for every set x, there is a model containing x. The easiest way to justify this assumption to work within a metatheory in which the language of set theory has been enriched by adding a truth predicate for Yv and the axioms have been strengthened by allowing the truth predicate to appear within formulas
Detection of plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase activity in mouse T lymphocytes by flow cytometry using fluo‐3‐loaded vesicles

The plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) is the primary means by which many cell types pump calcium out of the cytosol following release of calcium from internal stores, returning intracellular calcium concentrations to normal levels. Traditional methods for measuring PMCA activity utilizing isotopic calcium uptake into inside-out (IO) membrane vesicles have poor specificity for PMCA activity and require large numbers of cells. A flow cytometric method has been devised that allows the measurement of calcium uptake in IO vesicles using the fluorescent calcium chelator fluo-3. IO vesicles from mouse lymphocytes were loaded with fluo-3 pentapotassium salt and analyzed by flow cytometry following treatment with buffered calcium and/or ATP. IO vesicles appeared as a subpopulation of low forward-scatter/low side-scatter events, which were distinguishable from higher side-scatter debris. Treatment of vesicles with calcium and ATP resulted in a 5-fold to 30-fold increase in IO vesicle fluo-3 fluorescence. Measurement of uptake kinetics gave K0.5 values of approximately 0.2-0.8 microM and 2 mM for calcium- and ATP-stimulated PMCA activity, respectively, which were consistent with published values obtained by other methods. Broad specificity P-type ATPase inhibitors and more narrowly specific PMCA and calmodulin inhibitors all blocked calcium uptake, whereas thapsigargin (an endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR-AT-Pase) inhibitor) had no effect, indicating that the assay provides a specific measure of vesicular PMCA activity. Flow cytometric analysis, therefore, may represent a useful approach for quantifying PMCA activity in mammalian cells.
Moyamoya syndrome with protein S deficiency

Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease with progressive occlusion of both internal carotid arteries and of their branches and formation of a new vascular network at the base of the brain. Because of the angiographic appearance, it is named as moyamoya. The clinical features are cerebral ischaemia, recurrent transient ischaemic attacks, sensorimotor paralysis, convulsions and migraine-like headaches. A 10-year-old child who acutely developed hemiparesis, weakness and aphasia was found to have moyamoya disease and heterozygous protein S deficiency. This case shows us that during the thromboembolic events the coexistence of protein S deficiency and moyamoya should be investigated.
Use of Euler series to fit spectra with application to water

Abstract Power series expansions of water eigenstate energies in J and K converge poorly and show alternating signs of the coefficients of the power series. Euler series can be used effectively to change an alternating series into one where all the coefficients have the same sign and where the radius of convergence is increased. This paper extends the Euler series to a two-dimensional series in K 2 and [ J ( J + 1) − K 2 ]. Application of this Euler series to the rotational energies of the ground state and the first 4 excited vibrational states of water allows a fit to experimental accuracy to J = 22 and K = 22. This fit has good convergence and also has predictive capability. It is much easier to fit the perturbed states because the Euler series allows the zero-order energy the perturbed states to be predicted with more confidence.
EFFECT OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE ON THE KINETICS AND VIABILITY OF 9L CELLS IN VITRO

The colony-forming efficiency of 9L rat gliosarcoma cells was unaffected by treatment with 0.1 μCi/ml of [3H]TdR. However, when cells were treated with 1 or 10 μCi/ml of [3H]Tdr, cell growth was reduced and cell survival decreased. When monolayer 9L cells were treated with 1 μCi/ml of [3H]TdR for up to 72 hr, approximately 5% survived, which is closely related to the percentage of non-cycling cells in this system. When cells were treated with 10 μCi/ml of [3H]TdR for 72 hr, less survival was observed. the additional cell kill observed may be induced by [3H]TdR released from doomed cells into petri dishes during the incubation period of the colony-formation assay.