cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influences of cultural values, ethnic identity, and language use on the mental health of Korean American college students

Little research has examined ethnic identity, cultural values, and native language maintenance as predictors of mental health in Korean Americans. The authors explored the influences of ethnic identity, maintenance of Asian cultural values, and maintenance of Korean language usage on self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in Korean American college students (N = 133). Findings indicated that Korean American men reported relatively high levels of state and trait anxiety and that the overall sample reported a relatively high level of depression. Whereas language and ethnic identity had a minimal influence on the mental health of students, greater cultural value maintenance was associated with decreased self-esteem and increases in state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. The positive relationship between cultural values and mental health problems may be indicative of being caught in an ethnic bind, in which the clash of traditional and modern values contributes to psychological distress. The authors discuss clinical implications of the findings.
Some design issues of field emission display

This paper reviews the basic operation principles of diode and triode field emission displays and discuss that how the display performance parameters varies as a function of the device characteristics, such as pixel capacitance, phosphor efficiency and cathode uniformity, and how these device parameters can be optimized to make better field emission display.
Hypoxia inducible factor-2α: a critical mediator of aggressive tumor phenotypes

Intra-tumoral hypoxia (low oxygen [O(2)] level) is an independent indicator of unfavorable patient diagnosis, and increasing evidence demonstrates that hypoxia contributes to a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Adaptation to hypoxia is predominantly regulated by two structurally related hypoxia inducible factors, HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, which activate the expression of genes involved in proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis. While highly homologous, HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha have been shown to have different roles in tumorigenesis dependent on specific tumor microenvironments. Here we summarize recent studies on HIF-2alpha and discuss the potential mechanisms whereby it contributes to tumor aggressiveness.
Some concepts to improve the performance of dc electromagnetic wigglers

Abstract Electromagnetic wigglers have serious performance limitations when the period needs to be small. After a discussion of the nature of these limitations, some concepts will be described that lead to dc electromagnetic wigglers with improved performance. This is accomplished by a better choice of the geometrical arrangement of the soft iron and the coils, and by judicious use of permanent magnet material.
myo-Inositol metabolism in germinating wheat.

During imbibition, exogenous myo-inositol (MI) was readily introduced into the free MI pool of germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Maximum uptake, 70 μg per caryopsis or 1.5 mg g−1 of caryopsis, was reached at 0.05 M MI. Movement of free MI within the germinating caryopsis was traced with [2-3H]MI by two procedures, uptake by imbibition and injection into softened endosperm. The former procedure was useful during initial stages of germination; the latter provided a means of tracing the metabolic fate of MI generated by hydrolysis of phytate during mobilization of reserves within the caryopsis. In both procedures, the bulk of the added label was transferred to the seedling where it appeared in uronosyl and pentosyl units of 80% ethanol-insoluble polysaccharides, 2-O, C-Methylene-MI, an inhibitor of the MI oxidation pathway, blocked the utilization of [2-3H]MI as well as d-[114C]glucose for biogenesis of pentose-and uronic-acid-containing polysaccharides.
Tappers and weeders: South Indian plantation workers in Peninsular Malaysia, 1880–1970

(1998). Tappers and weeders: South Indian plantation workers in Peninsular Malaysia, 1880–1970. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 21, Across The Kala Pani: Indian Overseas Migration and Settlement, pp. 73-102.
An Updated Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Impacts on the Southwestern United States

A dataset of 167 eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated for potential impacts in the southwestern United States over the period 1989‐2009 and evaluated in the context of a 30-yr climatology. The statistically significant patterns from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis demonstrate the prevalence ofamidlatitudetroughpatternwhenTC-relatedrainfalloccursinthesouthwesternUnitedStates. Conversely, the presence of a strong subtropical ridge tends to prevent such events from occurring and limits TC-related rainfallto Mexico. These statistically significant patternscorrespondwell with previous work.The El Ni~ Oscillation phenomenon is shown to have some effect on eastern North Pacific TC impacts on the southwestern United States, as shifts in the general circulation can subsequently influence which regions receive rainfall from TCs or theirremnants. The Pacific decadaloscillation may have a greater influence during the period of study as evidenced by EOF analysis of sea surface temperature anomalies.
THE DURABILITY OF TABLEWARE DECORATIONS

(1) A survey is given of European research on over-glaze decorated tableware tested with various solutions, which are indicated as simulating practical service. (2) A study has been made of some typical European and American tableware with overglaze decorations tested in commercial dishwashing solutions and also in various other solutions which may be encountered in service. Results indicate that acids are harmful on cobalt blues in practically all cases. Alkalis are harmful to practically all decorations, apparently through the destruction of the flux used in preparing the colors. Some commercial cleaning solutions are much more destructive than others.
The Effects of Decision Making on Futures Price Volatility

Existing literature on commodity futures price volatility emphasizes time to expiration and the resolution of uncertainty. In this paper we stress the supply and demand inflexibilities arising from decision making. A decision made on the supply (demand) side makes future supply (demand) responses less elastic. Therefore, a shock arising after a decision is made is more effective in changing the futures price than a shock before the decision is made. The results support the time-to-maturity hypothesis, but do not conflict with the state variable hypotheses of futures price volatility. Evidence supporting the impacts of inflexibilities are presented for corn, soybean, and wheat contracts.
Neuroticism and cynicism and risk of death in middle-aged men: the Western Electric Study.

MMPI measures of neuroticism (N) and of cynicism (C) were obtained at the initial examination of 1871 employed, middle-aged men in Chicago. Neither N nor C was significantly associated cross-sectionally with systolic blood pressure or serum cholesterol, but both were positively associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. N was not significantly associated with risk of death from coronary disease, other cardiovascular diseases, cancer, all other causes combined, o r all causes combined afte r adjustmen t fo r C , age. cigarette smoking, alcoho l consumption, systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol. C was significantly associate d with coronary death and total mortality after adjustment fo r N and the other variables listed above, and relative risks of 1.4 to 1.6 were observed for all endpoints. These results support the idea that neuroticism is not associated with major causes of mortality, but that cynicism is associated with several causes. The associations between cynicism and mortality may be mediated by cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption since adjustment fo r these factors may have been incomplete due to correlation between cynicism and errors in selfreported data.
Communicative Challenges of Bystander Intervention: Impact of Goals and Message Design Logic on Strategies College Students Use to Intervene in Drinking Situations

A key concern on college campuses is how to help students avoid negative outcomes related to alcohol use. One way to address this is to encourage students to intervene when they see others engaged in high-risk behavior. This approach, referred to as bystander intervention, requires that individuals seek to influence others; however, research on bystander intervention has not explored how students communicate when they intervene. Drawing from a multiple goals perspective, we examined individuals' goals during intervention, the types of messages individuals use to intervene, and the relationship of design logic to sense of efficacy and messages used. Participants (n = 212) identified their goals and indicated what they would say to intervene in two college-drinking scenarios. We found that differences in goals were related to the types of messages used, with more specific goals leading to messages better aligned with achieving those goals. Additionally, more sophisticated design logic was related to a highe...
Three classes of spiny-(Clathrin-) coated vesicles in rodent liver based on size distributions

Clathrin-coated vesicles in rodent (rat and mouse) liver distribute into three distinct populations based on measurements of vesicle diameter. The first population consists of 60–80 nm vesicles found almost exclusively within the Golgi apparatus region. The second population is of 100–160 nm coated vesicles located within 100–500 nm of the cell surface. A third population of coated vesicles of intermediate diameter (ca. 90 nm) is present both at the Golgi apparatus and at the cell surface. We speculate that clathrin and clathrin-coated vesicles within the region of the Golgi apparatus and of the cell surface exist in two recycling populations. The third population of vesicles of intermediate diameter could represent a shuttle to link the two major compartments.
Bladder Motility Detection Using the Hall Effect

A displacement transducer employing the Hall effect is discussed. The leakage flux density of a permanent magnet is sensed and converted to an output voltage by a Hall crystal providing a low force, undirectional, biological displacement transducer. This device was used to monitor topographical movement of the urinary bladder in dogs and cats during isovolumetric reflex activity, and the results are reported and discussed.
Flight Movements and Color Preference of the Sorghum Midge

Flights of Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) at Tifton, Georgia, were monitored with colored sticky traps on the perimeter of (1969) and coming out of (1970) a plot of sorghum. Yellow traps and white traps caught significantly more sorghum midges than orange traps or green traps. As distance from the infestation source increased, the number of sorghum midges trapped in the surrounding sorghum plots decreased significantly. Part of the population of sorghum midges did not move ill the direction of the surrounding sorghum plots, an indication of some drift during their flights after emergence.
A Daring Hospitality:Towards a Poetics of Time

The aim of this paper is to approach an understanding of time through the concept of “poetic time,” and to do so by exploring the connections between theorizing, creativity, and ethics. Poetic time, in this sense, is a subjective phenomenon that we experience in our moment-to-moment acceptance of our ethical relationship to others. This acceptance is enacted by the decision to share our own allotment of time—our finite amount of time—with others, and others with us. This sharing of time finds and simultaneously creates spaces of mutuality and moments of poetry; it reveals and constructs worlds of mutuality.
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Investigations of the Common Research Model Wing Benchmark

Despite considerable research on aerodynamic shape optimization, there is no standard benchmark problem allowing researchers to compare results. This work addresses this issue by solving a series of aerodynamic shape optimization problems based on the Common Research Model wing benchmark case defined by the Aerodynamic Design Optimization Discussion Group. The aerodynamic model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is used in conjunction with an adjoint method that computes the required derivatives. The drag coefficient is minimized subject to lift, pitching moment, and geometric constraints. A multilevel technique is used to reduce the computational cost of the optimization. A single-point optimization is solved with 720 shape variables using a 28.8-million-cell mesh, reducing the drag by 8.5%. A more realistic design is achieved through a multipoint optimization. Multiple local minima are found when starting...
The History and Future of NDE in the Management of Nuclear Power Plant Materials Degradation

The author has spent more than 25 years conducting engineering and research studies to quantify the performance of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in nuclear power plant (NPP) applications and identifying improvements to codes and standards for NDE to manage materials degradation. This paper will review this fundamental NDE engineering/research work and then look to the future on how NDE can be optimized for proactively managing materials degradation in NPP components.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
EXELFS as a tool for quantifying phase distributions in materials

Abstract A method has been developed to quantify phase distributions in multiphase materials by using the information contained in the EXtended Energy Loss Fine Structure (EXELFS) of a probe atom in an Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum. The EELS and EXELFS determine, in addition to the atomic composition, the near-neighbor atomic environment about each atom type separately. The method is applicable to electron-transparent foils observed in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) equipped with a parallel-detection electron energy loss spectrometer. The relative amounts of phases that have a common element can be determined even in the presence of additional phases which do not share that common element. The method is particularly applicable to layered materials and can be used, for example, to determine the local relative thickness of a metal and its oxide layer. The Mg MgO system was used to demonstrate the method, and it was found that the accuracy in relative thickness determination is about 5%. The near-edge fine structure information was consistent with the results of the EXELFS analysis.
ON CORRELATIONS, DISTANCES AND ERROR RATES1

A unified framework for classification and prediction problems is presented. Well known and lesser known relationships among correlations, distances and error rates are established. A new population distance, the shrunken generalized distance, and a new estimator of the actual error rate are introduced.
Analysis of Spike Electrogenesis and Depolarizing K Inactivation in Electroplaques of Electrophorus electricus, L.

Voltage clamp analyses, combined with pharmacological tools demonstrate the independence of reactive Na and K channels in electrically excitable membrane of eel electroplaques. Spike electrogenesis is due to Na activation and is eliminated by tetrodotoxin or mussel poison, or by substituting choline, K, Cs, or Rb for Na in the medium. The K channels remain reactive, but K activation is always absent, the electroplaques responding only with K inactivation. This is indicated by an increased resistance when the membrane is depolarized by more than about 30 mv. The resting resistance (1 to 5 ohm cm2) is dependent upon the ionic conditions, but when K inactivation occurs the resistance becomes about 10 ohm cm2 in all conditions. K inactivation does not change the EMF significantly. The transition from low to high resistance may give rise to a negative-slope voltage current characteristic, and to regenerative inactivation responses under current clamp. The further demonstration that pharmacological K inactivation (by Cs or Rb) leaves Na activation and spike electrogenesis unaffected emphasizes the independence of the reactive processes and suggests different chemical compositions for the membrane structures through which they operate.
Crustal growth associated with anorogenic, mid-Proterozoic anorthosite massifs in northeastern North America

Abstract Mid-Proterozoic anorthosite massifs north of the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone in Labrador are believed to have been emplaced in an anorogenic setting. Chemistry of the Adirondack anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite suite suggests that it is bimodal and was also emplaced anorogenically. By inference, it is assumed that the intervening massifs of the Grenville Province are of anorogenic derivation as well. Geochronologic data indicates that these complexes formed during an interval of ∼ 500 m.y. from ∼ 1600-1100 Ma with most magma emplaced during the last 300 m.y. The currently exposed area of the anorthosite fraction of the massifs represents ~ 13% of the area into which they were emplaced. If this proportion is continued downward throughout a 35–40 km thick crust, its volume yields a computed maximum crustal growth rate of ~ 5–10 km 3 / Ma per kilometer of magmatic belt. If the anorthosites are continued only to 5 km, the growth rate becomes ~ 1–2 km 3 / Ma per kilometer of magmatic belt. Although considerably less than rates of crustal addition in volcanic arcs, the computed rates are substantial and indicate that mid-Proterozoic anorthositic magmatism made significant local contributions to continental crust during the complicated evolution of northeastern North America.
Strength and Ductility of HPS-100W I-Girders in Negative Flexure

In current AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications, the nominal flexural strength of I-girders made from steel with a yield stress >345 MPa (>50 ksi) is limited to the yield moment rather than the plastic moment and inelastic design procedures are not permitted. With the recent development of high performance steel (HPS) for highway bridges, the need for these restrictions should be revisited. This paper focuses on I-girders made from HPS-100W steel. Two I-girders were designed with HPS-100W steel according to the AASTHTO LRFD specifications, neglecting current restrictions related to the use of high strength steels. The I-girders were tested to failure under three-point loading, which simulated the condition of negative flexure at the pier of a continuous-span bridge. The flexural strength and ductility of the HPS-100W I-girders are compared with the strength and ductility anticipated by the AASHTO LRFD specifications for conventional steel I-girders. In addition, the results of relevant previous tests of conventional steel I-girders are summarized and compared with the HPS-100W I-girder test results.
Enhancement and impairment of memory processes with post-trial injections of adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

In these experiments, post-trial injections of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) produced both enhancement and impairment of memory processes. Animals were trained in a one-trial inhibitory (passive) avoidance task and were tested for retention 24 hr later. In the first experiment, animals were trained in the avoidance task using a weak footshock. Immediate post-trial ACTH injections at two doses (0.03 or 0.3 IU/animal) enhanced later retention performance as compared to saline-injected control animals. If animals received a, higher ACTH dose (3.0 IU/rat), the treatment produced retrograde amnesia; i.e., there was an inverted-U dose-response curve for the effects of ACTH on memory. Both enhancement and impairment of memory processes were time-dependent; the effect on memory decreased as the time after training increased. The findings of a second experiment indicated that retention performance of control animals varied with time of day. Control animals trained and tested in the morning (9–10:00 AM) show retention performance significantly poorer than that of animals trained and tested in the afternoon (1–2:00 PM). Post-trial injections of ACTH enhanced later retention only in the afternoon conditions. A third experiment examined the interactions between the footshock parameters used in training and the effect, on memory, of ACTH. A single post-trial dose of ACTH (either 3 or 6 IU/rat) enhanced later retention of training with weak footshock and impaired later retention of training with a more intense footshock. These findings support the general view that ACTH may modulate memory storage processing of recent information. In addition, these results suggest the possibility that other post-trial treatments which facilitate or impair memory processes may act via hormonal mechanisms.
Integrated Transformers With Sputtered Laminated Magnetic Core

Integrated interleaved solenoid transformers with a single layer of laminated magnetic core have been designed and fabricated. A coupling coefficient of > 0.97 was achieved for a device with a primary and secondary inductance of 565 nH, which represents an enhancement of more than 60 times that of air core inductors of identical geometry. By using the laminated magnetic core structure, the quality factor of the primary or secondary inductance was increased to a peak value of 6.3 with 3 μm thick electroplated copper coils. Measured characteristics of the integrated transformers agree very well with simulation results for values of self-resonant frequency, inductance, quality factor, and coupling coefficient.
The effect of cooperative and individualistic learning experiences on positive and negative cross-handicap relationships

Abstract The effects of cooperative and individualistic learning contingencies on interpersonal attraction, social acceptability, and self-esteem between handicapped and nonhandicapped fourth-grade students were tracked and compared. Sixty-nine students were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for handicap, sex, and age. They participated in the study for 45 min a day for 54 instructional days during science class. Nonhandicapped peer ratings of the social acceptability of each handicapped student and several attitude measures were obtained four separate times at 18-day intervals. The results indicate that continued use of cooperative learning contingencies promote positive growth in interpersonal attraction, social acceptability, and self-esteem between handicapped and nonhandicapped students. The results also indicate that when cooperative learning contingencies are replaced with individualized learning contingencies, decay in the above-mentioned variables occurs.
High-Throughput Discovery of Peptide Antibiotics: A Delicate Balance Between Antimicrobial Potency, Solubility and Target Selectivity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key components of the innate immune systems of many organisms. AMPs function by permeabilizing microbial membranes, giving them an important advantage over conventional antibiotics as they may elude the selection of drug-resistance. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in engineering AMPs and improving their bioactivity over the last three decades. Yet the lack of obvious structure-function relationships or molecular design principles has obstructed the development of new AMPs. To circumvent this roadblock, we are developing a high-throughput approach to select AMPs that are optimized in all of the critical factors simultaneously. Previously in our lab, we identified a group of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides from a synthetic peptide library. Here, we used one of the broad-spectrum AMPs, ∗ARVA (RRGWALRLVLAY), to study the potency, selectivity and mechanism of action of AMPs in the presence of concentrated human erythrocytes (10⊥9 cells/ml) which mimics the in vivo milieu. ∗ARVA, and other AMPs, lose antimicrobial activity in concentrated erythrocytes. We developed a method to make direct measurements of peptide binding to cells which showed that loss of activity is due to weak host cell binding, coupled with the large mass excess of host cell vs. bacterial cells under physiological conditions. To identify AMPs with clinically-relevant activity, we are developing a novel, orthogonal high-throughput screen in which we select simultaneously for 1) peptide solubility; 2) lack of host cell lysis; 3) sterilization of a Gram positive microbe in the presence of concentrated erythrocytes, and 4) sterilization of a Gram negative microbe in the presence of concentrated erythrocytes. Our results show that rational library design and high-throughput screening is a promising approach to identify AMPs that have the needed balance between antimicrobial potency, solubility and target cell selectivity.
Otolith Thermal Marking

Otolith thermal marking is a widely used technique for identifying origins of hatchery-produced salmonids, using short-term temperature fluctuations to induce distinctive structural marks onto the otoliths of incubating fish. This has clear economic advantages over individual tagging techniques, where fins are clipped or materials inserted into the fish, and avoids stresses generally associated with the handling of juvenile fish. Thermal marking is a practical means to mass-mark 100% of hatchery salmon populations. The process of otolith marking is reviewed, including specific effects of temperature cycles on otolith increments, strategies for creating many unique mark codes, and practical considerations for large-scale marking efforts. Aspects of mark recovery are discussed including estimates of errors incurred during mark recovery.
Sex, gender, and identity over the years: a changing perspective

History: the 1950s to the 1970s Freud, in his monumental works, distinguished the anatomic and physiologic sex of self from what we presently know as ‘‘gender.’’ He wrote of the effects of the environment and experience that challenged one’s biology. The linkage of ‘‘sex’’ and ‘‘gender’’ as terms that reflect identical or closely-related concepts is long standing; we now know that the two expressions and concepts often must be separated for analysis of human behavior. Since the 1960s and 1970s, distinguishing the terms took on a new urgency. This may have been a reflection of increased notice of, and interest in, subjects, such as homosexuality, transsexuality and intersexuality. Clinicians and researchers were scrutinizing these topics with an aim to determine whether they were sicknesses that were amenable to treatment, mental or moral matters, or just unique, yet normal, and tobe-expected variations.
Hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of abdominal CO2 insufflation at various pressures in the young swine

Abstract Laparoscopic procedures requiring abdominal CO 2 insufflation are applied with increasing frequency to the pediatric age group. Whereas the physiological effects accompanying insufflation have been studied in laboratory and clinical adult subjects, little is known of these effects in the juvenile subject. Young swine (weight, 10 to 12 kg, approximate age, 6 weeks) were subjected to abdominal CO 2 insufflation at 10 and 15-mm Hg insufflation pressures (IP) to evaluate potential metabolic and hemodynamic effects. After intubation, minute ventilation was adjusted to obtain a baseline Pco 2 between 38 and 42 mm Hg, and was kept constant during the subsequent study period. Four subjects underwent a total of eight trials, with insufflation periods of 1 hour each. Serial measurements of peak ventilatory pressure, tidal volume, end tidal CO 2 arterial pH, Pco 2 , Po 2 , right atrial (RA), and inferior vena caval (IVC) pressure were obtained. Mean pH decreased from 7.45 ± 0.03 to 7.22 ± 0.03 at 10 mm Hg IP, and from 7.44 ± 0.01 to 7.19 ± 0.03 at 15 mm Hg IP. Mean Pco 2 increased from 39.9 ± 0.4 to 70.0 ± 1.0 mm Hg at 10 mm Hg IP, and from 39.9 ± 0.5 to 76.8 ± 1.6 mm Hg at 15 mm Hg IP. Po 2 decreased by approximately 37% at both IPs. End-tidal CO 2 increased by 53% at 10 mm Hg IP, and by 68% at 15 mm Hg IP. Right atrial pressure did not increase significantly, and IVC pressure increased in proportion to the IP. Abdominal CO 2 insufflation in this model produced marked acidemia, hypercapnia, decreased oxygenation, and increased exhaled CO 2 . Decreasing insufflation pressure to 10 mm Hg decreased Pco 2 but did not alter pH or Po 2 . Close monitoring of blood gas values during laparoscopy is warranted to allow appropriate adjustment of minute ventilation.
The relationship between sheet resistance and ion implant dosimetry

Abstract A simple and convenient method for converting measured sheet resistance differences of doped wafers to differences in actual implant dose is presented. The method requires characterization of the functional relationship between the dose and sheet resistance for a given implant energy and anneal, but is accurate over a large dose range. The derived relationship shows a difference in sheet resistance is not equivalent, as is often assumed, to a dosimetry difference. Dose and sheet resistance differences are nearly equal when they are very small but diverge as the magnitude increases.
Do tumor characteristics predict risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology

The use of ultrasonography-guided, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has enhanced the preoperative characterization of thyroid nodules and reduced the need for diagnostic surgeries. However, complete preoperative characterization is not yet possible for patients with an indeterminate FNAC result. Here, results are discussed from a retrospective study by Banks et al. that aimed to refine preoperative risk assessment of thyroid cancer in patients with indeterminate FNAC results. The authors found that patients' age, nodule size and specific cytological diagnoses were all associated with thyroid malignancy. These variables were used to construct a diagnostic predictor model. The study by Banks et al. provides general guidance for clinicians who need to estimate thyroid cancer risk for patients with indeterminate FNAC results. Refinements in risk assessment for thyroid malignancy might help to individualize care of these patients; however, the results also underscore the need for enhanced diagnostic methods.
Ligand effects in the rhodium-catalyzed addition of alkynes to aldehydes and diketones. Modification of the β-diketonate ligand

A catalytic amount of dicarbonylacetonato rhodium(I) and a phosphine ligand bearing bulky electron-donating alkyl groups has been shown to generate an effective catalyst for the addition of alkynes to aldehydes and activated ketones under mild, neutral conditions. While previous studies have shown that modification of the phosphine has significant effects on the activity of the catalyst, the role of the β-diketonate ligand has not been probed. Six different β-diketonate rhodium complexes were synthesized and their ability to catalyze the alkyne addition reaction was evaluated. Changing the structure of the β-diketonate ligand can have a noticeable effect on the reaction rate. Acetylacetonate derivatives with strong electron withdrawing groups have a detrimental effect on the catalytic activity, while bulky and electron rich β-diketonate derivatives provide more efficient catalysts.
Local Voices: A Community Perspective on HIV and Hunger in Zambia

Abstract This study examines how having young children (those aged less than 18 years) in the households influences the patterns of social interaction between men and women. The study reveals that women's social networks are influenced more than men's by having more young children. Most women are recognizing that having many young children is not only an economic but also a social burden. As such, a large young family forces women to seek instrumental, informational, and emotional support from their friends, thus enlarging their social networks, increasing the intensity of their interactions, and diversifying the composition of their social networks.
Glucose perturbation in experimental hyperviscosity.

Summary: Hyperviscosity was produced in one member of each of 7 sets of twin newborn lambs by an exchange transfusion with 500 ml maternal packed red blood cells. The remaining seven control twin lambs underwent an identical exchange with maternal whole blood. Postexchange hematocrits were 63 ± 6 and 29.0 ± 3% (mean ± S.E.), respectively (P ≤0.01). Whole blood viscosity measured at 3 rpm increased from 3.2 ± 0.4 centipoise (cps) to 14.4 ±6.1 cps in the lambs made hyperviscous (P ≤0.01) and remained unchanged in the control lambs (2.2 ± 0.2 versus 2.8 ± 0.3 cps). A 2-hr steady state glucose infusion was performed on each lamb before and after the packed cell or whole blood exchange transfusion. Mean steady state plasma glucose concentrations were significantly decreased from pre-exchange steady state glucose infusion levels in the same lambs made hyperviscous (P ≤0.05), whereas steady state glucose levels increased from pre-exchange levels in the twin lambs exchanged with maternal whole blood. Mean plasma insulin and glucagon values for the hyperviscous and control lambs remained unchanged during the glucose infusion. Speculation: The fmding of an abnormality in glucose homeostasis in the absence of a hormonal or substrate disturbance in hyperviscous lambs suggests that there may be rapid glucose utilization from increased cerebral extraction of glucose and/or a reduction in endogenous glucose production caused by sluggish hepatic circulation.
Effects of use and disuse on nerve endings, neurosomes, and fiber types in skeletal muscle.

SummaryThe limited experimental evidence presented in this paper tends to support the following statements:The normally used and innervated gastrocnemius muscle of the white rat is characterized histologically by dark, coarsely granular and light, finely granular and agranular muscle fibers. The nerve endings are usually retracted in the dark, coarsely granular fiber and expanded in the light, agranular fiber, as revealed by gold impregnation of teased whole muscle fibers. The atrophy of disuse following tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle with nerve supply intact, is accompanied, during the first month, by the progressive loss of the narrow and dark, coarsely granular muscle fiber, and by a depletion of its innervation. The dark, granular muscle fiber is determined by the reciprocal interaction of the normally intact and attached muscle fiber with its normally functioning innervation. During the process of atrophy of disuse after tenotomy, small and giant fusiform neurosomes are discharged from the alte...
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERFACE AND OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES

Abstract : This paper reviews the present understanding of the structure of electrochemical interfaces and identifies the types of information which optical spectroscopic measurements may be able to contribute. Particularly challenging problems are the structure of the solvent in the compact layer and the nature of the interactions of adsorbed species with the electrode surface. So far, little information has been derived from optical measurements concerning these problems. (Author)
Differential recruitment of pre-mRNA splicing factors to alternatively spliced transcripts in vivo.

Alternative splicing in mammalian cells has been suggested to be largely controlled by combinatorial binding of basal splicing factors to pre-mRNA templates. This model predicts that distinct sets of pre-mRNA splicing factors are associated with alternatively spliced transcripts. However, no experimental evidence for differential recruitment of splicing factors to transcripts with distinct splicing fates is available. Here we have used quantitative single-cell imaging to test this key prediction in vivo. We show that distinct combinations of splicing factors are recruited to sites of alternatively spliced transcripts in intact cells. While a subset of serine/arginine protein splicing factors, including SF2/ASF, SC35, and SRp20, is efficiently recruited to the tau gene when exon 10 is included, these factors are less frequently associated with tau transcription sites when exon 10 is excluded. In contrast, the frequency of recruitment of several other splicing factors is independent of splicing outcome. Mutation analysis of SF2/ASF shows that both protein–protein as well as protein–RNA interactions are required for differential recruitment. The differential behavior of the various splicing factors provides the basis for combinatorial occupancy at pre-mRNAs. These observations represent the first in vivo evidence for differential association of pre-mRNA splicing factors with alternatively spliced transcripts. They confirm a key prediction of a stochastic model of alternative splicing, in which distinct combinatorial sets of generic pre-mRNA splicing factors contribute to splicing outcome.
Current imprint template commercial manufacturing capability for nanotechnology and existing semiconductor and MEMS markets

Imprint lithography has been proposed as a low cost method for next generation lithography for the manufacturing of semiconductors for the 45nm node and below, as costs for traditional optical lithography, and EUV lithography escalate to new levels that may prohibit new semiconductor devices from ever coming to market. While this was the widely proposed use of this technology, a whole host of new areas can take advantage of this lower cost manufacturing technology. MEMS devices that can be scaled to smaller dimensions, construction of nano-optical devices for OLED applications, biosensors, light dispersion gratings and many other types of devices in need of nanometer scale fabrication. The template enables imprinting all these devices. Template manufacturing and development is currently done along side of state of the art reticle manufacturing. While the dimensions of the 1X templates is significantly smaller than what is needed for optical lithography templates, the dimensions are on the same order as the optical assist features, scatter bars and serifs used today. We will show current capability of 1X templates for imprint applications that are available commercially today, for semiconductor and nanofabrication applications.
The Rate Constitutive Equations and Their Validity for Progressively Increasing Deformation

The rate constitutive equations based on upper convected, lower convected, Jaumann, Truesdell and Green–Naghdi stress rates, etc. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] have been used for the solid matter and polymeric liquids when the mathematical models are derived employing conservation laws in the Eulerian description. The rate constitutive equations provide relationship between convected time derivatives of the stress tensor and the convected time derivatives of strain tensor through the constitution of the matter. It is well known that if one assumes constant properties of the matter, then the use of various rate constitutive equations yield different responses [9] when the strains and strain rates are not infinitesimal (finite deformation) even though the rate constitutive equations are objective or frame invariant. This has been rationalized by the argument that in order for the different rate constitutive equations to produce the same response, the material tensor must be different for each case [9]. Ou...
An on-line search system for the mass spectrometry literature

Abstract Computer programs have been written for interactive, conversational searching through the accumulated files of the 'Mass Spectrometry Bulletin' published by the Mass Spectrometry Data Centre (MSDC). This family of programs is available for use as a part of the NIH/EPA Chemical Information System on a commercial computer network.
Abstract 910: Synergistic combinations of targeted therapy and chemotherapy for neuroendocrine cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC We previously developed and reported a novel laboratory-derived chemotherapeutic regimen of capecitabine and temozolomide (TMZ) (CapTem). The CapTem regimen is highly active, well-tolerated with minor toxicities and may prolong survival and palliate symptoms in patients with well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Further studies with CapTem in our laboratory indicated that sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was highly synergistic with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in killing BON (NET) cells. (Capecitabine is enzymatically converted to 5-FU in the tumor). Synergy was observed at a low concentration of 1.0 μM 5-FU and 1 nM sunitinib. Addition of 100 nM sunitinib resulted in a 4.5 fold increase in cell death (14.2 vs 64.5%). In addition, if sunitinib was combined with the CapTem regimen, (5-FU followed by TMZ), a synergistic response was observed with both 5-FU and TMZ over a range of concentrations, giving a maximal cell death of 74.4%. This contrasts with the cell death obtained with 5-FU, TMZ and sunitinib alone, resulting in 9.0, 6.8 and 10.2% annexin V+ cells, respectively. Sorafinib, a TKI closely related to sunitinib, not only did not synergize with 5-FU or TMZ, it inhibited cell death observed with sunitinib and 5-FU/ TMZ. In addition, K-252a, a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, reduced the cell death induced by 5-FU/sunitinib suggesting a tyrosine kinase was involved. Considering the IC-50 of sunitinib for PDGF β is 75 nM, whereas for sorafinib it is 1129 nM, a difference of 15 fold, we hypothsized that the PDGF-β pathway might be involved. Addition of the PDGF-ββ form resulted in an enhancement of 5-FU/TMZ (CapTem) cell death. However, there was no effect on sunitinib-induced cell death, suggesting that the PDGF-β pathway may be involved but to an unknown extent in the cell death pathway induced by CapTem. Exposure of BON cells to TMZ and 5-FU may mimic the in vivo exposure to these drugs in patients and the resulting cell line resistance may be similar to resistance in tumors. Preliminary studies with four resistant BON cell lines: TMZ-Resistant, 5-FU-Resistant, TMZ+5FU-Resistant, (concurrent exposure to TMZ and 5-FU) and TMZ -> 5FU-Resistant, (sequential exposure to 5FU and TMZ) found that cells resistant to CapTem still retain sensitivity to sunitinib. This suggests that addition of sunitinib can overcome CapTem resistance in BON cells. Citation Format: Richard D. Dinnen, Yuehua Mao, Daniel P. Petrylak, Robert L. Fine. Synergistic combinations of targeted therapy and chemotherapy for neuroendocrine cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 910. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-910
Experience report: A sustainable serious educational game capstone project

Capstone courses play a key role in many Computer Science/Software Engineering curricula. They offer a summative opportunity for SE students to apply their skills and knowledge in a single experience and prepare them for work in industry. Capstones have many attributes that make them a valuable high-impact practice, yet there are several challenges that can be associated with them. These challenges include the general nature of a capstone that prevents deeper applications of skills, not to mention the difficulty of creating an interesting and engaging design project upon which students can make meaningful contributions and engage in extensive team dynamics. This experience report outlines an innovative approach to a senior design capstone course that addresses common limitations of capstone courses. The SimSYS capstone course is unique in that it involved a mixed team organization involving a more senior design team who led a development team over the course of the semester, thereby leveraging the diverse experience of capstone students completing their CS/SE degree. The results point to solutions for continuing a capstone project successfully in subsequent semesters that could be of interest to other SE curriculum designers looking to develop effective capstone courses.
Permeability Properties of Fruit Puree Edible Films

The potential of fruit purees as edible mass transfer barriers was studied. Water vapor and oxygen permeabilities (WVP and O2P) of peach puree films were evaluated at different relative humidities (RH) and temperatures (T). Peach puree was not a good water barrier. Peach and apricot films exhibited lower WVPs than pear and apple films. Calcium addition, RH increases and T decreases resulted in increased WVP values for peach puree edible films. WVPs of peach films were compared with other edible and synthetic films. Peach puree films were good oxygen barriers. RH increases resulted in exponential increases in O2P. Most edible and many synthetic polymers showed higher O2Ps at equivalent conditions.
The Caribou Migration Model for Arctic Hadrosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): A Reassessment

The recovery of abundant dinosaur fossils from high paleolatitudes of northern Alaska has raised some hard questions in relation to any available model of dinosaur physiology. To explain the occurrence of hadrosaurs at high ancient latitudes, a model involving long-distance migration analogous to that of the modern caribou has been proposed. The model calls for seasonal movements over great latitudinal distances by these Cretaceous hadrosaurs. This model is reassessed in terms of the growth, body sizes, and inferred physiological ecology of the hadrosaurs and the caribou. Histological data suggest that juvenile hadrosaurs obtained from northern Alaska were greater than 1 year in age. Comparison of the relative sizes of juvenile and adult hadrosaurs with juvenile and adult caribou suggests, based on qualitative energetics, that the juvenile hadrosaurs were too small to participate in long-distance migration. The "hadrosaurs as caribou" model provides clues to the feeding ecology of North Slope hadrosaurs, ...
Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal disease in relation to age: radiologic and clinical implications.

Reports of 1126 endoscopies were reviewed to determine the age-related prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) diseases as a guide to radiologists performing UGI examinations. Results indicate that (1) there were positive findings in 78% of all endoscopic examinations, and thus most symptomatic patients can be expected to have at least one UGI abnormality; (2) many patients with UGI symptoms have two or more reportable disease processes; (3) the prevalence of serious or lifethreatening disease, such as cancer or large ulcers, rises steadily with age; and (4) after age 60, approximately 60% of symptomatic patients have a serious UGI disease. Based on these findings, radiologists should not hesitate to make the diagnosis of multiple abnormalities and should expect to diagnose at least one abnormality in most symptomatic patients having an UGI study. Also, because of the high prevalence of serious lesions in the elderly, endoscopy should be considered for the initial examination of an elderly patient if poor physical status would render the radiologic examination difficult or unreliable.
Police manager's perceptions of employee types: A conceptual model

Abstract Discussions with 410 police managers from 269 police agencies were utilized to identify six types of police employees. These types were distinguished by work-related attitudes, competence, and motivation. The Hershey and Blanchard situational leadership model was used to identify the most appropriate managerial style for each employee type.