cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contribution of ions in radio frequency properties of atmospheric pressure microgaps

In this paper, the contribution of ions in RF permittivity and electrical conductivity of atmospheric pressure micro- and sub-microgaps in both pre-breakdown and post-breakdown regimes is investigated. It is shown that ions are ignorable in post-breakdown conditions, while their role becomes significant in pre-breakdown mode especially for gaps on the right side of Paschen's curve. Also, it is demonstrated that the contribution of ions in RF properties increases by decreasing the operating frequency in comparison with ion-neutral collision frequency.
PUF-Based Authentication

In the context of hardware systems, authentication refers to the process of confirming the identity and authenticity of chip, board and system components such as RFID tags, smart cards and remote sensors. The ability of physical unclonable functions (PUF) to provide bitstrings unique to each component can be leveraged as an authentication mechanism to detect tamper, impersonation and substitution of such components. However, authentication requires a strong PUF, i.e., one capable of producing a large, unique set of bits per device, and, unlike secret key generation for encryption, has additional challenges that relate to machine learning attacks, protocol attacks and constraints on device resources. In this paper, we describe the requirements for PUF-based authentication, and present a PUF primitive and protocol designed for authentication in resource constrained devices. Our experimental results are derived from a 28 nm Xilinx FPGA.1
Polarization in elastic p-p and p-n scattering at 1. 03 GeV

The polarization in elastic proton-proton and proton-neutron scattering has been measured at an incident kinetic energy of 1.03 GeV. The proton-proton data have a significantly higher precision than previously obtained in this energy range and extend into the Coulomb interference region. The proton-neutron measurement is the first in this energy region. The results are compared with existing nucleon-nucleon phase shifts solutions.
Stratigraphic and micropetrographic occurrences of pyrite in sediments at the confluence of carbonate and peat-forming depositional systems, southern Florida, U.S.A.

Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate peat/carbonate relationships in a modern coal-forming setting, with initial research on pyrite and sulfur contents relative to stratigraphic and petrographic conditions. Over 40 closely spaced cores were taken from transects from Florida Bay inland through mangrove swamps and freshwater Everglades. Core stratigraphy confirms on overall transgressive sequence, but new evidence supports a small regression within the overall transgression. On average, both total S and pyrite are lowest at inland sites, highest near the coastline, and intermediate in Florida Bay sediments. Total S is higher in marine than freshwater peats, but freshwater peats overlain by marine peats are enriched in S. In cores that start with peat at the top, pyrite is generally absent or very low in the top 20 cm. Higher percentages of pyrite occur in carbonate rather than peat facies. Pyrite exists in three forms, framboidal aggregates, minute crystals, and large solitary crystals. Most of the pyrite occurs as minute crystals ( μ m) and framboidal aggregates. The occurrence of large crystals (> 2 μ m) is less common and generally restricted to the cavities of larger cells or cavities within other organics (e.g. formminifera, pollen grains, fungal sclerotia). A general relationship seem to exist in certain cases between the occurrence of spherical organic cell fillings and the occurrence of the framboidal form of pyrite.
Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of infancy and childhood.

Clinical and morphological features of an apparently unique, biologically aggressive central nervous system tumor in 32 infants and children are presented. This neoplasm is formed wholly or partly by rhabdoid cells, areas resembling typical primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and, less frequently, malignant mesenchymal and/ or epithelial tissue. The tumor has been named atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATT/RhT) and is regarded as a unique class of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. It occurs most commonly in infants less than two years of age, has often metastasized throughout the CNS at presentation, does not respond to therapy and causes death less than a year after diagnosis. These tumors may occur in any CNS site but almost 60% are located in the cerebellum. The most common chromosomal abnormality involves chromosome 22.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Persons With Disabilities: Does a Longitudinal Definition Help Define Who Receives Necessary Care?

Abstract Chan L, Ciol MA, Shumway-Cook A, Yorkston KM, Dudgeon BJ, Asch SM, Hoffman JM. A longitudinal evaluation of persons with disabilities: does a longitudinal definition help define who receives necessary care? Objective To assess, using a longitudinal definition, the impact of disability on a broad range of objective health care quality indicators. Design Longitudinal cohort study following up with patients over several years. The first 2 interviews, 1 year apart, were used to determine each patient's disability status in activities of daily living (ADLs). Assessment of the health care indicators commenced after the second interview and continued throughout the survey period (an additional 1–3y). Setting National survey. Participants Participants (N=29,074) of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (1992–2001) with no, increasing, decreasing, and stable ADL disability. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure The incidence of 5 avoidable outcomes, receipt of 3 preventive care measures, and adherence to 32 diagnostically based indicators assessing the quality of treatment for acute myocardial infarction [AMI], angina, breast cancer, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, cholelithiasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], congestive heart failure, depression, gastrointestinal bleeding, diabetes, and hypertension. Results For most indicators, less than 75% of eligible patients received necessary care, regardless of disability status. For 5 indicators, less than 50% of patients received appropriate treatment. In a logistic regression analysis that controlled for patient age, sex, race, and income, disability status was a significant factor in 7 quality measures (AMI, breast cancer, COPD, diabetes, angina, pneumonia, annual visits). Conclusions Using a longitudinal definition of disability and objective health quality indicators, we found that disability status can be an important factor in determining receipt of quality health care in a broad range of diagnostic categories. However, the impact of disability status varies depending on the indicator measured. In this cohort of patients, the changing nature of a person's disability seems to have less impact than whether they ever have had any functional deficits.
WETGHT CHANGES IN THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS OF ALBINO RATS ON VITAMIN E DEFICIENT AND FAT DEFICIENT DIETS

Past and present work indicates associations of the suprarenal glands with numerous and varied activities of the body. Possible relations to metabolism may be indicated by morphologic changes in these glands resulting from dietary alterations. This investigation includes studies of the effects of vitamin E deficiency and fat deficiency. The suprarenal glands studied were obtained from 35 male and 141 female rats distributed between the experiments as follows: vitamin E deficiency, 91 female Wistar albino rats; fat deficiency, 22 male and 46 female Wistar albino rats.† An additional experiment, to be explained shortly, involved the use of 13 male and 4 female Wistar albino rats.
On the structure of normal spiral galaxies with finite disk thickness part III: The asymptotic solution and the quantum condition of the general eigenvalue problem

Abstract The asymptotic solution and the quantum condition of an eigen-value problem which appears in the density wave theory of the spiral galaxy are re-examined from a mathematical point of view. The dependence of the complex eigen-frequency ω on a large parameter λ is carefully discussed. It turns out that, in the expansion ω=∑χ i=o ωj/λj, the first term ωo must be real in order that the radiation condition may be satisfied. A related conclusion is that the quantum condition may be expressed in terms of an integral along the real axis of the complex plane of the independent variable. This form for the complex quantum condition is convenient not only for determining the complex eigen-frequency numerically, but also for drawing some physically interesting conclusions directly.
Nanomolar concentrations of kynurenic acid reduce extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum.

Precise regulation of dopaminergic activity is of obvious importance for the physiology and pathology of basal ganglia. We report here that nanomolar concentrations of the astrocyte-derived neuroinhibitory metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) potently reduce the extracellular levels of striatal dopamine in unanesthetized rats in vivo. This effect, which is initiated by the KYNA-induced blockade of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, highlights the functional relevance of glia–neuron interactions in the striatum and indicates that even modest increases in the brain levels of endogenous KYNA are capable of interfering with dopaminergic neurotransmission.
A measurement at low temperature of the stark broadened 3968 Å line of ionized calcium

Abstract The Stark broadened width of the singly ionized calcium resonance line was measured at a relatively low temperature of 7500 K. The results agree with previous reliable experiments, and are lower than two calculated values by 20 and 36% respectively.
Vector Diffraction Modeling: Polarization Dependence of Optical Readout/Servo Signals

Analytic formulae are derived for the incident polarization dependence of a light field reflected from an optical disk with embossed pits and grooves, on the basis of a vector diffraction theory using the mode expansion technique. The proposed formulation is applied to a bi-periodic structure suitable as a basis for discussion of the tracking servo and readout signals' dependence on incident polarization and disk geometry. Numerical results are also given and compared both with the results obtained by using a scalar diffraction model and with experimental data. Theoretical results on the polarization and depth dependence of servo-related signals agree fairly well with experimental data.
A Comparison of Induced and Expectorated Sputum for the Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

Study objectives To compare the sensitivities of expectorated and induced sputum for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Design Retrospective review. Setting Academic medical center. Patients Forty-five patients diagnosed as having PCP who had direct fluorescent antibody testing for P carinii on either expectorated or induced sputum. Results Patients were stratified according to the method of sputum production (induced vs expectorated). The two groups were similar with respect to demographic characteristics, use of prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and arterial oxygen level. When only the initial sputum for each patient was analyzed, there was a similar sensitivity of induced sputum, positive in 10 of 18 samples (56%), and expectorated sputum, positive in 14 of 27 samples (52%) (p>0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of induced and expectorated sputum for the diagnosis of PCP when the direct fluorescent antibody method of staining was used.
Formation of a Superconducting Mixture of β-Mo2C Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes in an Amorphous Matrix of Molybdenum Compounds by the Pyrolysis of a Molybdenum Derivative of a Carboranylenesiloxane

A pyrolytic treatment (to 1000 °C) of the organometallic reaction product of the thermo-oxidatively stable carboranylenesiloxane, 1, and cyclopentadienylmolybdenum tricarbonyl dimer, Cp2Mo2(CO)6, was discovered to yield nanoparticles of Mo2C concomitantly with carbon nanotubes in an amorphous matrix of Mo compounds. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the Mo2C nanoparticles possess the hexagonal phase. A peak fit analysis using a Gaussian distribution function of the X-ray diffraction data revealed that 80% of the total molybdenum units in the mixture exist as β-Mo2C nanoparticles. The presence of the carbon nanotubes dispersed in the amorphous matrix was determined by both X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM analyses. The pyrolytic residue was determined to be superconducting with a critical temperature (Tc) of 8 K. A comparative analysis of Tc value of the residue and the reported individual Tc values of the various components in the residue (β-Mo2C, carbon nanotubes, and some possible Mo comp...
Absolute Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma During 20-Year Follow-Up Among Women With Endometrial Hyperplasia

PURPOSE The severity of endometrial hyperplasia (EH)-simple (SH), complex (CH), or atypical (AH)-influences clinical management, but valid estimates of absolute risk of clinical progression to carcinoma are lacking. Materials and METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested in a cohort of 7,947 women diagnosed with EH (1970-2002) at one prepaid health plan who remained at risk for at least 1 year. Patient cases (N = 138) were diagnosed with carcinoma, on average, 6 years later (range, 1 to 24 years). Patient controls (N = 241) were matched to patient cases on age at EH, date of EH, and duration of follow-up, and they were counter-matched to patient cases on EH severity. After we independently reviewed original slides and medical records of patient controls and patient cases, we combined progression relative risks (AH v SH, CH, or disordered proliferative endometrium [ie, equivocal EH]) from the case-control analysis with clinical censoring information (ie, hysterectomy, death, or left the health plan) on all cohort members to estimate interval-specific (ie, 1 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10 to 19 years) and cumulative (ie, through 4, 9, and 19 years) progression risks. Results For nonatypical EH, cumulative progression risk increased from 1.2% (95% CI, 0.6% to 1.9%) through 4 years to 1.9% (95% CI, 1.2% to 2.6%) through 9 years to 4.6% (95% CI, 3.3% to 5.8%) through 19 years after EH diagnosis. For AH, cumulative risk increased from 8.2% (95% CI, 1.3% to 14.6%) through 4 years to 12.4% (95% CI, 3.0% to 20.8%) through 9 years to 27.5% (95% CI, 8.6% to 42.5%) through 19 years after AH. CONCLUSION Cumulative 20-year progression risk among women who remain at risk for at least 1 year is less than 5% for nonatypical EH but is 28% for AH.
Controllability of cross-flow two-phase heat exchangers

The analysis of controllability of a heat exchanger operating under two-phase conditions is performed. An evaporator operating in a vapor compression system is chosen for the analysis. A moving-boundary model is used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the evaporator. First, the controllability of the linearized model is verified. Then, it is shown that the nonlinear model can be classified as a control-affine system with drift. Short-term local controllability of the nonlinear model is shown using Lie algebras. A linear quadratic (LQ) controller is developed for the linearized system and numerical simulations are provided that show a strong coupling between the variables of the model.
ICE decoupling technique for RF coil array designs

Purpose: Parallel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires an array of RF coil elements with different sensitivity distributions and with minimal electromagnetic coupling. The goal of this project was to develop a new method based on induced current compensation or elimination (ICE) for improved coil element decoupling and to investigate its performance in phantom MR images. Methods: An electromagnetic decoupling method based on induced current compensation or elimination for nonoverlapping RF coil arrays was developed with the design criteria of high efficiency, easy implementation, and no physical connection to RF array elements. An eigenvalue/eigenvector approach was employed to analyze the decoupling mechanism and condition. A two-channel microstrip array and an eight-channel coil array were built to test the performance of the method. Following workbench tests, MR imaging experiments were performed on a 7T MR scanner. Results: The bench tests showed that both arrays achieved sufficient decoupling with a S21 less than −25 dB among the coil elements at 298 MHz. The MR phantom images demonstrated well-defined sensitivity distributions from each coil element and the unique decoupling capability of the proposed ICE decoupling technique. B1 distributions of the individual elements were also measured and calculated. Conclusions: The theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrated the feasibility of the decoupling method for high field RF coil array designs without overlapping or direct physical connections between coil elements, which provide more flexibility for coil array design and optimization. The method offers a new approach to address the RF array decoupling issue, which is a major challenge in implementing parallel imaging.
REDUCTION OF THE CURRENT OF INJURY LEAVING THE AMPUTATION INHIBITS LIMB REGENERATION IN THE RED SPOTTED NEWT

Abstract Immediately following amputation of the limb in salamanders, a strong, steady, and polarized flow of ionic current is produced by the injury. Current flows in a proximodistal direction within the limb stump and is associated with a fall in electrical potential of about 50 mV/mm near the stump's end. This current is electrogenically driven by the Na + -dependent, internally positive transcutaneous voltage of the intact skin of the limb stump. Reduction of this EMF, the skin's battery, by topical application of Na + blocking agents leads to inhibition or disruption of normal limb regeneration. This suggests electrical factors are a critical control of limb regeneration. Here we test another means to reduce the injury current and its associated electrical field within the forelimb stump of red spotted newts. A fine (40 gauge), insulated, multistrand wire was inserted beneath the skin of the animal's back, with the uninsulated portion terminating either at the shoulder region or at the base of the tail. When this cathodal (negative) electrode is connected to a regulated current source, sufficient current was pulled into the stump end from an external anode (placed in the water the animal was immersed in) to markedly reduce or null the endogenous current for the first 8 days following amputation. The extent of limb regeneration in sham-treated and experimentally treated animals was determined 1 month following amputation at the elbow. Sham-treated animals regenerated normally, with most producing digits within this time. Limb regeneration was completely arrested, or caused to be strikingly hypomorphic, in half of the experimentally treated animals. This effect was independent of where the subcutaneous electrode was placed and suggests that electrical (physiological) factors are indeed a critical control of limb regeneration in urodeles.
De novo translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 4 resulting in partial duplication of 4q and partial deletion of 1p

We describe an infant boy with a unique de novo translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 4, resulting in dup(4q) and del(1p). His karyotype was 46,XY,-1,+der(1)t(1;4) (p36.2;q31.2). He had minor anomalies, congenital heart defect, respiratory distress, seizures, and central nervous system abnormalities. He died at age 11 weeks. The patient had manifestations of dup(4q) del(1p), and he was more seriously affected than patients having only one of these. No other patient with an identical chromosomal finding has been reported. 27 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Visual Tolerance Analysis for Engineering optimization

Classic methodologies of DOE are widely applied in design, manufacture, quality management and related fields. The resulting data can be analysed with linear modeling methods such as multiple regression which generates a set of equations, Y = F (X ), that enable us to understand how varying the mean of one or more inputs changes the mean of one of more responses. To develop, scale-up and transfer robust processes to manufacturing we also need to set the control tolerances of each critical X and understand the extent to which variation in the critical X ’s propagate through to variation in the Y ’s and how this may impact performance relative to requirements (or specifications). Visual tolerance analysis provides a simple way to understand and reduce propagation of variation from X ’s to Y ’s using models developed from DOE’s or historical data. This paper briefly introduces the concept of tolerance analysis and extents this to visual tolerance analysis through defect profiles and defect parametric profiles. With the help of visual tolerance analysis, engineering and statistical analysts can work together to find the key factors responsible for propagating undesired variation into responses and how to reduce these effects to deliver a robust and cost effective process. A case study approach is used to aid explanation and understanding.
China - Can it move from imitation to innovation?

This report analyzes both positive and negative aspects of China's prospect of moving from imitation to innovation. The positive aspect is analyzed by Chinese innovation input/output index ratio and case studies of todays' innovative companies of Korea and Japan. It is shown that China is on the right track toward innovation by following an ‘Imovator’ strategy. However, three impediments to be overcome are also identified by analysis of ‘government issues,’ ‘corporation issues’ and ‘leadership issues.’ Finally, a bright future toward innovation is projected for China with examples of successful innovation cases.
Direct transient control of wind turbine driven DFIG for low voltage ride-through

Wind energy penetration to the power market has been continuously increasing over the past decades. High penetration level requires the wind energy generation to be more reliable. For wind farms equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), a successful low voltage ride-through scheme has been a key issue to achieve reliable and uninterrupted wind energy generation. This paper proposes a new current control scheme, called “direct transient current control (DTCC),” as a solution to the low voltage ride through problem. This new scheme adds two additional feed-forward transient compensation terms to a regular decoupling current regulator. These transient terms compensate for the transient effects of stator terminal voltage dips on the rotor currents. Simulation results show that this control scheme could help limit the transient rotor current oscillations, keep the wind turbine DFIG system connected to the power grid, and thus maintain uninterrupted active and reactive power supply to the power grid.
Vitamin D deficiency alters the immune responses of broiler chicks

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that a vitamin D deficiency alters the immune responses of female broiler chicks. The control diet contained 800 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)/kg and the deficient diet was the same except without supplemental vitamin D3. The vitamin D deficiency status was established on the basis of a significantly lower blood ionized calcium or total serum calcium (75 to 85% of the control). Vitamin D-deficient chicks also had lower growth rate and bone ash. In Experiment 1 at 8 d of age, and Experiment 2 at 23 d of age, the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness 20 h after a single injection of 100 microg phytohemagglutinin-P was significantly depressed in vitamin D-deficient chicks (62 to 64% of the control). Thymus weight, adjusted for body weight, was significantly lower in the vitamin D-deficient chicks at 24 d of age (61% of the control). Primary and secondary antibody responses against SRBC in vitamin D-deficient chicks were not different from the control. In Experiment 3, in 17-d-old chicks, vitamin D deficiency decreased the number of abdominal macrophages phagocytizing SRBC in vitro within 45 min from 14.7 to 10.1%. These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency depresses the cellular immune responses in young broiler chicks.
Examining Physical Activity Levels and Alcohol Consumption: Are People Who Drink More Active?:

Abstract Objective. Summarize/categorize current scientific literature examining the association between alcohol consumption (AC) and levels of physical activity (PA). Data Source. Electronic databases spanning education, psychology, sociology, medicine, and interdisciplinary reports. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Included studies (n = 17) must be published in a peer-reviewed, English language journal; measure either AC or PA as an independent/dependent variable; and primarily examine the relationship between AC and PA. Data Extraction. Search terms/phrases included alcohol, alcohol consumption, drinking, physical activity, exercise, and physically active. Data Synthesis. The Matrix Method and PRISMA guidelines organized pertinent literature and identified/extracted salient findings. Results. Alcohol consumers of all ages were more physically active than nondrinking peers. Further, several studies suggest a dose-response relationship between AC and PA, indicating that as drinking increases, so...
Balancing Power: Committee System Autonomy and Legislative Organization

The most recent explanations for the existence of committee systems in legislative chambers have posited that committees are the agents of one of three very different principal actors: (1) individual members (distributive theory), (2) the full chamber (informational theory), or (3) the major political party (partisan theory). In addition to defining and operationalizing the concept of institutional committee system autonomy, I put forth and test several hypotheses linking these three explanations to committee system autonomy. In the end, the results show empirical support for the informational theory over the distributive and partisan theories.
Generalized pictorial data management

The collection and processing of digital image or pictorial data based on photographs, drawings, maps, etc. is undergoing a period of rapid growth. Industry, universities, and governmental and military agencies are producing an ever increasing volume and variety of such data. For many years special image data handling systems have been developed to store and retrieve specific types of pictorial data. More recently, however, it has been realized that instead of the one-of-its-kind type of approach, the generalized pictorial data base management system approach is the preferred approach (much in the same way that today's DBMS for record-type data are unquestionably preferred in most eases over tailor-made one-of-its kind systems).
Models of deterministic systems

The definition of "model of a system" in terms of a homomorphism on the states of the system is evaluated and an alternative definition in terms of sequence generators is proposed. Sequence generators are finite graphs whose points represent complete states of a system. Sequence generators include finite automata and other information processing systems as special cases. It is shown how to define models in terms of a projection operator which applies to any sequence generator which has an output projection and yields a new sequence generator. A model produced by the projection operator is embedded in the system it models. The notion of embedding is discussed informally and some questions raised about the relations of deterministic, indeterministic, and probabilistic models and systems.
Early microbial and metabolomic signatures predict later onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that afflicts 10% of extremely preterm infants. The contribution of early intestinal colonization to NEC onset is not understood, and predictive biomarkers to guide prevention are lacking. We analyzed banked stool and urine samples collected prior to disease onset from infants 99% versus 99% versus 38% in the other NEC cases and 84% in controls, P = 0.01). NEC preceded by Firmicutes dysbiosis occurred earlier (onset, days 7 to 21) than NEC preceded by Proteobacteria dysbiosis (onset, days 19 to 39). All NEC cases lacked Propionibacterium and were preceded by either Firmicutes (≥98% relative abundance, days 4 to 9) or Proteobacteria (≥90% relative abundance, days 10 to 16) dysbiosis, while only 25% of controls had this phenotype (predictive value 88%, P = 0.001). Analysis of days 4 to 9 urine samples found no metabolites associated with all NEC cases, but alanine was positively associated with NEC cases that were preceded by Firmicutes dysbiosis (P < 0.001) and histidine was inversely associated with NEC cases preceded by Proteobacteria dysbiosis (P = 0.013). A high urinary alanine:histidine ratio was associated with microbial characteristics (P < 0.001) and provided good prediction of overall NEC (predictive value 78%, P =0 .007). Conclusions: Early dysbiosis is strongly involved in the pathobiology of NEC. These striking findings require validation in larger studies but indicate that early microbial and metabolomic signatures may provide highly predictive biomarkers of NEC.
Nitrogen fertilization for new plantings of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America

Braun, L. C., Gillman, J. H., Hoover, E. E. and Russelle, M. P. 2011. Nitrogen fertilization for new plantings of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 773–782. Seed-propagated hybrids of Corylus avellana and C. americana are a potential crop for the Upper Midwest. Current N recommendations for hazelnuts are based on research on clonally propagated C. avellana in Oregon and may not be applicable in the Upper Midwest due to differing soils, climate, and plant genetics. We established three field plots in 2003 to test N fertilization rates on new plantings, with rates up to 33 g N plant−1 as ammonium nitrate applied annually in the spring, starting 2 wk after transplanting. We observed a strong negative linear effect of N rate on plant survival. In the second year we added trials on same-aged plants that had not previously been fertilized and found no N effect on survival. We concluded that waiting 1 yr after transplanting before fertilizing increases ...
The 14 Myths of Guantánamo: Senate Armed Services Committee Statement of Mark P. Denbeaux

Before habeas corpus was recognized for Guantanamo detainees, the Executive Branch of our government claimed loudly and often that those detained in Guantanamo were the worst of the worst; that they were captured on battlefields in Afghanistan shooting at Americans. Those in the Executive Branch of our government said also that those detained at Guantanamo possessed important information which we needed to acquire to protect our national security. Another Executive Department claim was that those detained at Guantanamo were held because of their membership in groups that were hostile to the United States. After the Supreme Court, to its everlasting honor, recognized that habeas corpus applied to those detained at Guantanamo, the Executive Branch had to prepare documents which were thereafter released. A careful review of these documents, a review that assumes every word in the government’s records to be true and a review that accords the government’s records every benefit of the doubt when evaluating them, reveals that almost everything said by our highest officials about who was detained at Guantanamo and why they were detained was false. Because habeas corpus was recognized for those detained at Guantanamo, we now know that our government’s statements that said those detained at Guantanamo were the “worst of the worst” were false. Because habeas corpus was recognized for those detained at Guantanamo, we now know that all our government’s statements that the detainees they were captured on the battlefields of Afghanistan shooting at Americans were also false. Because habeas corpus was recognized for those detained at Guantanamo, we now know that our government’s statements that said those detained had important information critical to our national security, are belied by the efforts of those interrogating at Guantanamo.
Histories of the Present: Giovanni Arrighi & the Long Duree of Geohistorical Capitalism

One of the more telling features of the present conjuncture is the scarcity of analysis able to squarely place todays global turbulence and the current crises in geohistorical perspective. In terms of the longue duree of capitalism since its late medieval and early modern origins right up to the present, arguably no intellectual has developed a more formidable analysis of the present crisis than Giovanni Arrighi. Arrighi of course, along with Immanuel Wallerstein (1974, 1980, 1989) and the late Terence Hopkins, was one of the originators and foremost proponents of the world-systems perspective on European domination, global capitalism, global income inequalities and development (see Arrighi, Hopkins & Wallerstein, 1989). The world-systems perspective itself  challenging as it did the dominance of post-World War II modernization theory - came out the movements of the 1960s and brought together fruitful synthesis of Marxism, Third World radicalism, and critical currents in social science, from the work of the French Annales school to that of the German historical school (see Goldfrank 2000).
Inhibition of Neutrophil Mobilization by Colchicine.

SummaryA single injection of colchicine markedly inhibited ability of rats to mobilize neutrophils. The greatest inhibition was seen when animals were challenged immediately following colchicine injection. A secondary inability to mobilize neutrophils appeared at 48 hours and was still present at 72 hours following colchicine treatment. The significance of these phenomena is considered.
Imaging Specific Genomic DNA in Living Cells.

The three-dimensional organization of the genome plays important roles in regulating the functional output of the genome and even in the maintenance of epigenetic inheritance and genome stability. Here, we review and compare a number of newly developed methods—especially those that utilize the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system—that enable the direct visualization of specific, endogenous DNA sequences in living cells. We also discuss the practical considerations in implementing the CRISPR imaging technique to achieve sufficient signal-to-background levels, high specificity, and high labeling efficiency. These DNA labeling methods enable tracking of the copy number, localization, and movement of genomic elements, and we discuss the potential applications of these methods in understanding the searching and targeting mechanism of the Cas9-sgRNA complex, investigating chromosome organization, and visualizing genome instability and rearra...
Development of law and regulation system of drug registration in China and views on its current status

With the development of law and regulation system of drug administration in our country,the regulations on drug registration have been ameliorated and turned into an independent law and regulation system of drug registration.This paper reviewed the course of formation and development,and analyzed the current status and some problems it is confronted with.
The Crying of Lot 49 : A Source Study

Although the heroine of Thomas Pynchon's novel The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa Maas, has a name that has--invited Comparison to Sophocles I Oedipus Rex, critics have overlooked the striking parallels between Pynchon's novel and Sophocles I Oedipus at Colonus. Both The Crying of Lot 49 and Oedipus at Colonus open with a journey and end on a note of religious mysticism; and both are concerned with the wandering and exile of their major characters. In addition to these structural and thematic similarities, explicit verbal links between the two works establish the later playas a major source for the novel.
Overexpression of the 14-3-3gamma protein in embryonic mice results in neuronal migration delay in the developing cerebral cortex

The 14-3-3 protein family is a group of multifunctional proteins that are highly expressed in the brain; however, their functions in brain development are largely unknown. Williams Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a deletion in the 7q11.23 chromosome locus, including the gene encoding 14-3-3gamma, resulting in developmental delay, intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. We have previously shown that knocking down the 14-3-3gamma protein in utero in mice results in delays in neuronal migration of pyramidal neurons in the cortex. Importantly, there is a reciprocal duplication syndrome to Williams Syndrome where the 7q11.23 locus is duplicated, resulting in epilepsy and intellectual disabilities. Thus, the deletion or the duplication of the 7q11.23 chromosome locus results in epilepsy. Taken together with the fact that defects in neuronal migration are one of main causes for epilepsy, we analyzed if the overexpression of 14-3-3gamma causes neuronal migration defects. In this work, we found that the overexpression of 14-3-3gamma in utero in the developing mouse cortex results in delays in pyramidal neuron migration, similar to what was previously observed when 14-3-3gamma was knocked down. These results, in conjunction with our previous research, indicate that a balance of 14-3-3gamma expression is required during cortical development to prevent delays in neuronal migration. This work provides clear evidence as to the involvement of 14-3-3gamma in neurodevelopmental disorders and how a disruption in 14-3-3gamma expression may contribute to the neurodevelopmental disorders that manifest when the 7q11.23 locus is altered.
Animal models of blastomycosis

Mice offer many advantages as a model system for the study of experimental blastomycosis. The murine model has allowed quantitative assessments of disease initiation and progression. These methods of assessment have enabled studies of histopathology, and of the effect of age, host genetic background, fungal isolate virulence, and different routes of challenge on the outcome of infection. The model has been a particularly fertile soil for researching dissection of the immune response to fungal infections and the study of new agents (particularly polyenes and azoles) for the treatment of the mycoses.
The Importance of Interoperability: Lessons from the Digital Public Library of America

ABSTRACTThe Digital Public Library of America enables the discovery of digitized content held by the U.S. cultural heritage institutions by aggregating metadata contributed from participating organizations. Significant interoperability issues exist when gathering metadata at a national scale, which the Digital Public Library of America mitigates through use of its metadata application profile. In its latest release, the metadata application profile permits the storage of uniform resource identifiers, helping the Digital Public Library of America make the move to linked open data. This article examines these Digital Public Library of America developments through a case study of the Missouri Hub, which facilitates the aggregation of metadata from Missouri-based institutions into the Digital Public Library of America.
Drugs and the Older Person — A Brief Pharmacological Overview

I take great pleasure in chairing this first session of the Second Philadelphia Symposium on Aging. This year’s topic focuses on pharmacological intervention of aging processes, a subject of enormous fundamental and practical interest. Too little is known about the changes in drug effects in relation to the age of the individual, and yet drugs are being administered more extensively to patients as they grow older. It is quite obvious that with increasing age there is a greater likelihood of illness, and therefore a greater need to use therapeutic agents, frequently on a chronic basis. With the increased consumption of medications by the geriatric population, and indeed an increase in this population as well, there is a greater likelihood of adverse drug reactions. The chance of an undesirable pharmaceutical complication may be enhanced even further because of drug-drug interactions.
Approximate Time to Steady-state Resting Energy Expenditure Using Indirect Calorimetry in Young, Healthy Adults.

Indirect calorimetry (IC) measurements to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) necessitate a stable measurement period, or steady state (SS). There is limited evidence when assessing the time to reach SS in young, healthy adults. The aims of this prospective study are to determine the approximate time to necessary reach SS using open-circuit IC and to establish the appropriate duration of SS needed to estimate REE. One hundred young, healthy participants (54 males and 46 females; age = 20.6 ± 2.1 years; body weight = 73.6 ± 16.3 kg; height 172.5 ± 9.3 cm; BMI = 24.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2) completed IC measurement for approximately 30-minutes while the volume of oxygen (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) were collected. SS was defined by variations in the VO2 and VCO2 of ≤10% coefficient of variation (%CV) over a period of 5- consecutive minutes. The 30-minute IC measurement was divided into six 5-minute segments, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6. The results show that SS was achieved during S2 (%CV = 6.81 ± 3.2%), and the %CV continued to met the SS criteria for the duration of the IC measurement (S3= 8.07 ± 4.4%; S4 = 7.93 ± 3.7%; S5 = 7.75 ± 4.1%; S6 = 8.60 ± 4.6%). The current study found that in a population of young, healthy adults the duration of the IC measurement period could be a minimum of 10 minutes. The first 5-minute segment was discarded, while SS occurred by the second 5-minute segment.
SYP73 Anchors the ER to the Actin Cytoskeleton for Maintenance of ER Integrity and Streaming in Arabidopsis

Summary The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle that spreads throughout the cytoplasm as one interconnected network of narrow tubules and dilated cisternae that enclose a single lumen. The ER network undergoes extensive remodeling, which critically depends on membrane-cytoskeleton interactions [1]. In plants, the ER is also highly mobile, and its streaming contributes significantly to the movement of other organelles [2, 3]. The remodeling and motility of the plant ER rely mainly on actin [4] and to a minor extent on microtubules [5]. Although a three-way interaction between the ER, cytosolic myosin-XI, and F-actin mediates the plant ER streaming [6], the mechanisms underlying stable interaction of the ER membrane with actin are unknown. Early electron microscopy studies suggested a direct attachment of the plant ER with actin filaments [7, 8], but it is plausible that yet-unknown proteins facilitate anchoring of the ER membrane with the cytoskeleton. We demonstrate here that SYP73, a member of the plant Syp7 subgroup of SNARE proteins [9] containing actin-binding domains, is a novel ER membrane-associated actin-binding protein. We show that overexpression of SYP73 causes a striking rearrangement of the ER over actin and that, similar to mutations of myosin-XI [4, 10, 11], loss of SYP73 reduces ER streaming and affects overall ER network morphology and plant growth. We propose a model for plant ER remodeling whereby the dynamic rearrangement and streaming of the ER network depend on the propelling action of myosin-XI over actin coupled with a SYP73-mediated bridging, which dynamically anchors the ER membrane with actin filaments.
Peer Review: From “Sacred Ideals” to “Profane Realities”

Peer review, a socially structured process of evaluating scholarly and scientific performance, is a ubiquitous condition of role performance in the professoriate and central to the production of knowledge. Focusing on the evaluation of publication, this chapter directs attention to three features of peer review: its functional ideals and relationship with the academic reward system; the social organizational basis of peer review and trends that constrain it; and dysfunctions that arise related to reliability, bias, and violation of anonymity. The discussion underscores structural and cultural characteristics of peer review that seemingly shatter its idealized image. While all faculty who conduct research subject themselves to the evaluation of their peers, extant research on peer review is disproportionately based on studies of relatively prestigious journals in the social sciences and medicine. The review thus identifies promising paths for future empirical studies of peer review that would examine understudied disciplines and publication venues, ideally through comparative frameworks.
To slow or not? Challenges in subsecond networks.

Fall 2016 brought a fundamental change to the United States. Its fastest and largest network—the decentralized network of electronic market exchanges—began to experience its first ever intentional delay. Specifically, a 38-mile coil of fiber-optic cable was embedded into a new exchange network node, which, given the finite speed of light, introduced a systematic 350-µs (microsecond) delay in signal transmission ( 1 ). The future impacts this might have at the systems level are unknown.
Maximum independent set of links with a monotone and sublinear power assignment

This paper studies the problem of selecting a maximum independent set of links with a fixed monotone and sublinear power assignment under the physical interference model. The best-known approximation bound for this problem is a very large constant. In this paper, we present an approximation algorithm for this problem, which not only has a much smaller approximation bound but also produces an independent set of links with a stronger property, i.e., strong independence.
The Rise of the C. V. Starr East Asian Library, University of California, Berkeley

The interviewee discusses her work as Librarian for Japanese Collection at the C.V. Starr East Asian Library at the University of California, Berkeley, in the US, with special focus on her experience in working with her faculty members in Japanese studies and Japanese studies librarian colleagues, through her activities with the Subcommittee on Japanese Rare Books under the CEAL (Council on East Asian Libraries) Committee on Japanese Materials. She also provides a brief introduction to the East Asian Library’s special collections holdings and digitization projects that the Library has been engaged with in recent years.
A planar GPS/GLONASS/LTE/WWAN antenna for ultra-slim smartphones

A small size, planar dual wideband antenna for smartphone applications is proposed. The proposed antenna supports the multiple communication protocols including the GPS/GLONASS, DCS, PCS, UMTS2100, Bluetooth LTE2300/2500/3400 and 2.4-GHz WLAN and WiMAX 2.3/2.5/3.5GHz bands. The planar antenna is printed on 0.8mm thick FR-4 substrate and occupies the area of 30.5×9.2mm2. The antenna comprises of a directly fed inverted L-shaped feeding strip, branch strip coupled to feeding strip with inductor, a inductively loaded shorted strip, and a matching circuit. In order to validate the simulation results, the designed prototype of antenna is successfully fabricated and experimentally measured.