cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of steady flow by an oscillatory acceleration and an oscillatory wall temperature

Abstract It is possible to generate a mean steady flow through the interaction of an oscillary wall temperature and an oscillatory acceleration.
Relationship Between Proximal Femoral and Acetabular Alignment in Normal Hip Joints Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography

Background: The bony architecture of the hip depends upon functional adaptation to mechanical usage via the dynamic interaction between the acetabulum and femoral head. Acetabular retroversion is thought to be a contributing factor of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement. Studies of pathological hip joints suggest proximal femoral anatomy compensates for acetabular retroversion.Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if a predictable relationship exists between proximal femoral and acetabular angles, age, and gender in normal hip joints. We hypothesized that, through functional adaptation to mechanical loading, a complementary developmental relationship exists between the acetabulum and proximal femur.Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.Methods: The femoral neck version, femoral neck shaft angle, acetabular version, acetabular inclination, and center edge angle were measured in 230 normal hip joints in 115 adults using 3-dimensional reconstruction software. Correlations b...
Multiple primary cancer in patients with cancer of the head and neck: Second cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, and lung

Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is complicated by a second primary carcinoma of the head and neck, esophagus (the upper aerodigestive tract, or UADT), or lung in 10–40% of patients. Routine panendoscopy will identify a simultaneous second primary in 9–14% of the patients. Metachronous second cancers most often involve the esophagus or lung, whereas synchronous second cancers are more common in the head and neck as occult lesions. For the highest-risk subgroups, second primary cancers occur in 4% of patients per year. In cancer of the floor of the mouth the excess mortality rate is 5–6% per year. Risk is independent of stage of the first primary and the survival impact is the greatest in groups of patients with early-stage disease. Head and neck cancer almost always results from the heavy use of tobacco for many years, either with or without the concomitant heavy use of alcohol, and these same agents are directly responsible for the second cancers of the UADT and lung. All head and neck cancer patients should be advised to avoid these agents. The clinician must diagnose and treat second cancers to extend the survival of patients with a good prognosis for control of the initial head and neck cancer. We need further progress in eliminating the use of known carcinogens in these patients, paradigms for cost-effective diagnosis and treatment of second primary cancers, effective treatment of the head and neck primary cancer devoid of long-lasting tissue toxicities, effective chemopreventive agents to retard established processes of carcinogenesis that place the patient at continued risk after cigarette and alcohol use has been eliminated, and continued efforts to control the medical illnesses to which these patients are susceptible.
An efficient solution of Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (FDFD) equations

Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain methods (FDFD) require solution of large linear systems of equations. These large systems are represented by matrix equations including highly sparse coefficient matrices and they can often only be solved by using iterative methods. This paper presents an algorithm in which the matrix-vector product in an iterative method is replaced by a three-step process. It has been shown that the presented algorithm effectively reduces the solution time and memory requirements.
The Impact Between a Rigid Sphere and a Thin Layer

A simple model is presented for studying the impact between a rigid sphere and a thin layer of relatively soft material supported on a rigid substrate. By assuming that the major loss of energy during impact is due to the plastic deformation of the layer, an approximate analysis is made for computing the energy loss for layer materials which obey an elastic, perfectly plastic stress-strain law. An analytical expression for the coefficient of restitution is derived, and a parameter which controls the rebound characteristics is identified. Experimental results show generally good agreement with the analysis.
Mercury in soils, sediments, and clams from a North Carolina peatland

Mercury concentrations were measured in samples of peat soils, sediments and clams (Rangia cuneata) from a peatland region of the Albemarle-Panlico Peninsula of North Carolina. Total Hg concentrations in peat cores ranged from 40 to 193 ng g−1 (dw); no depth-related trends were noted. Mercury concentrations in surface sediments from canals draining the peatlands and from the Pungo River that receives this drainage ranged from 8 to 20 ng g−1 (dw). Selective extractions of these peat and sediment samples revealed that the bulk of the Hg was associated with organic matter-associated fractions (particularly humic/fulvic acid bound and organic-sulfide bound fractions). No Hg was detected in the relatively mobile and bioavailable water-soluble or ion-exchangeable fractions. Total Hg concentrations in the soft tissues of clams from the Pungo River ranged from 25 to 32 ng g−1 (ww). No concentrations of methyl Hg above the detection limit of a 25 ng g−1 were measured in soils, sediments, or clams. These data indicate that Hg concentrations in this region are at the low end of the distribution of levels reported for uncontaminated systems and that mining of these peatlands is unlikely to significantly elevate Hg concentrations in the receiving estuarine system.
Adrenal Cholesterol: Localization by Electron-Microscope Autoradiography

As determined by electron-microscope autoradiography of adrenal glands containing tritiated cholesterol and by modified differential centrifugation techniques, 70 to 80 percent of adrenal cholesterol is contained within lipid droplets of rat adrenal cortical cells.
Verification, validation & accreditation (panel): disciplines in dialogue or can we learn from the experiences of others?

Relative to Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (W&A) the Modeling and Simulation and Software Engineering communities share similar goals and impediments to achieving those goals. The focus of this panel is to explore how each community addresses the critical issues underlying VV&A. In this paper we provide nine (9) questions and four (4) sets of responses to those questions. The questions are intended to help reveal differences in VV&A emphasis and motivation between the two communities, and to establish a basis for the exchange of mutually beneficial ideas. Respondents
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry using a very-long pathlength cell : dioxygen difluoride stability and reactions with plutonium compounds

A unique spectroscopic device combining a Fourier transform infrared spectrometry instrument and a very-long-pathlength cell (a few hundred meters) is described. It shows much promise for spectroscopic studies of unstable or transient species at extremely low concentrations in a temperature-controlled environment. Results are presented of dioxygen difluoride (O2F2) fluorination reactions with Pu compounds and of O2F2 thermal stability measurements in the cell.
Ulnar neuropathy in the forearm: A possible complication of diabetes mellitus.

Ulnar neuropathy in the forearm is an unusual cause of hand weakness and sensory loss that is most often attributed to compression of the nerve distally within the humero-ulnar arcade (cubital tunnel). An association with diabetes mellitus, however, has not been reported. We identified four patients with type I diabetes mellitus and clinical findings suggestive of ulnar neuropathy in whom electrophysiologic testing revealed partial conduction block or abnormal temporal dispersion within the forearm segment of the ulnar nerve. Although evidence for a mild underlying polyneuropathy was present in three patients, the ulnar nerve abnormalities were disproportionately severe. In all cases, a Martin-Gruber anastomosis was excluded. Whether this lesion is due to an increased propensity to focal compression of the ulnar nerve within the humero-ulnar arcade or whether it represents a localized manifestation of the generalized polyneuropathy remains to be determined.
Professional preparation of pediatric school psychologists for school-based health centers

The growth of school-based health centers parallels the development of the subspecialty of pediatric school psychology. School psychologists have had minor roles in most school-based health centers. In many cases, school psychologists with training in the foundation of school psychology do not have the specific skills to meet the role and function in a school-based health center. However, there is a niche for the skills that can be provided by a school psychologist with subspecialty training in pediatric school psychology. A description of the potential roles for school psychologists in school-based health centers is presented. The professional preparation beyond foundation school psychology training required to succeed in these roles is discussed. A detailed model for predoctoral internships and postdoctoral residencies for the professional preparation of pediatric school psychologists is presented. With this advanced level of training, school psychologists are well prepared to meet the expanded role and function required in school-based health clinics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 321–330, 2003.
Measuring Proactive and Reactive Criminal Thinking With the PICTS: Correlations With Outcome Expectancies and Hostile Attribution Biases

Research studies have determined that proactive or instrumental aggression correlates with positive outcome expectancies for violence, whereas reactive aggression correlates with hostile attribution biases. It was hypothesized that the Problem Avoidance factor scale of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) would serve as an effective proxy for reactive criminal thinking and that the PICTS Self-Assertion/Deception factor scale would serve as an effective proxy for proactive criminal thinking. These two factor scales were subsequently correlated with positive outcome expectancies for crime (n=313) and a three-item index of hostile attribution bias (n=164) in a sample of male medium security prison inmates. As expected, the Problem Avoidance scale successfully predicted future hostile attribution biases but not positive outcome expectancies for crime, whereas the Self-Assertion/Deception scale successfully predicted future positive outcome expectancies for crime but not hostile attribution biases.
School Improvement Efforts: Qualitative and Quantitative Data from Four Naturally Occurring Experiments in Phases III and IV of the Louisiana School Effectiveness Study

Abstract Phase III of the Louisiana School Effectiveness Study (LSES‐III) was designed to provide rich, qualitative and quantitative data on the characteristics of more and less effective schools. Data were gathered on eight matched outlier pairs of schools. Unbeknownst to the authors at the beginning of LSES‐III, four of the eight historically ineffective schools were engaged in school improvement efforts. None of these efforts was guided from the state or district. This serendipity provided an opportunity to observe improvement efforts which were of the “naturally occurring” ‐‐ as opposed to externally developed, mandated or otherwise offered ‐‐ variety. The four projects are described, complete with five year follow‐up data. The efforts are seen as falling along two dimensions: technical changes designed to raise achievement test scores; and efforts focused on a point along a continuum ranging from orderliness to excellence, and designed to raise students’ academic achievement. Comparisons are made to ...
A Fortran II load-time saver

The FORTRAN II CHAIN feature on the 7090 can be used to save card-to-tape time, loading time, and to provide a convenient method for storing and transporting producting programs. The method is simply to load the desired program as a CHAIN and save the tape on which it is stored. A trivial program can then be used to recall the major program.
Uniqueness intervals and two–point boundary value problems

Consider a linear $n$th order differential equation with continuous coefficients and continuous forcing term. The maximal uniqueness interval for a classical $2$-point boundary value problem will be calculated by an algorithm that uses an auxiliary linear system of differential equations, called a Mikusinski system. This system always has higher order than $n$. The algorithm leads to a graphical representation of the uniqueness profile and to a new method for solving $2$-point boundary value problems. The ideas are applied to construct a graphic for the conjugate function associated with the $n$th order linear homogeneous differential equation. Details are given about how to solve classical $2$-point boundary value problems, using auxiliary Mikusinski systems and Green's function.
Care coordination for people with complex care needs in the U.S.: A policy analysis

The U.S. boomer population reaching the age of Medicare eligibility and the rising cost of healthcare are putting pressure on the sustainability of the federal Medicare fund. As a result people ove...
a Catalytic Surface Reaction Model: Analysis and Numerical Simulation

We investigate a reaction-diffusion-convection model describing a catalyzed surface reaction. The model consists of parabolic partial differential equations involving non-diffusive and non-convective variables where the steady state is the solution of a system of ordinary differential algebraic equations. We analyze solution behavior through perturbation methods and exhibit a linear instability induced by the algebraic equations. Also we find multiple front solutions resulting from a jump discontinuity in the algebraic components. Numerical simulations are performed on the original system as well as the reduced system resulting from the singular perturbation technique. In addition to the stationary front solutions and multiple steady states, we find oscillations which closely relate to the stability at the equilibrium of the algebraic manifold of solutions. Experimentally we observe a regular oscillation when there is one Hopf point on the algebraic manifold, a period-doubling when two Hopf points bifurca...
Modeling of Multi-Tube Pulse Detonation Engine Operation

The present paper explores some preliminary issues concerning the operational characteristics of multiple-tube pulsed detonation engines (PDEs). The study is based on a two-dimensional analysis of the first-pulse operation of two detonation tubes exhausting through a common nozzle. Computations are first performed to assess isolated tube behavior followed by results for multi-tube flow phenomena. The computations are based on an eight-species, finite-rate transient flow-field model. The results serve as an important precursor to understanding appropriate propellant fill procedures and shock wave propagation in multi-tube, multi-dimensional simulations. Differences in behavior between single and multi-tube PDE models are discussed, The influence of multi-tube geometry and the preferred times for injecting the fresh propellant mixture during multi-tube PDE operation are studied.
A social learning explanation of moral development

Abstract This paper presents a social learning explanation of moral development. From a social learning perspective, children abstract an array of generative rules which guide moral judgments and behaviors. Unfortunately, this social learning position has been misunderstood. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to clarify these misunderstandings and to discuss the educational implications of a social learning approach to moral development.
Hemodynamic performance of an unstented xenograft mitral valve substitute

Abstract Objective: Stentless mitral xenografts offer potential clinical benefits because they mimic the normal bileaflet mitral valve. How best to implant them and their hemodynamic performance and durability, however, remain unknown. Methods: A stentless porcine mitral xenograft valve (Medtronic physiologic mitral valve) was implanted in 7 sheep with papillary muscle sewing tubes attached with transmural left ventricular sutures. Radiopaque markers were inserted on the leaflets, annular cuff, papillary tips, and left ventricle. After 10 ± 5 days, the animals were studied with biplane videofluoroscopy to determine 3-dimensional marker coordinates at baseline and during dobutamine infusion. Transesophageal echocardiography assessed mitral regurgitation and valvular gradients. Mitral annular area was calculated from the annular markers. Physiologic mitral valve leaflet and annular dynamics were compared with 8 native sheep valves. Results: Average mitral regurgitation grade at baseline was 1.2 ± 1.0 (range, 0-4), and the mean transvalvular pressure gradients were 3.6 ± 1.3 and 6.2 ± 2.2 mm Hg during baseline and dobutamine infusion, respectively. Xenograft mitral annular area contraction throughout the cardiac cycle was reduced (6% ± 6% vs 13% ± 4% for physiologic mitral valve and control valve, respectively; P =.03). Physiologic mitral valve leaflet geometry during closure differed from the native valve, with the anterior leaflet being convex to the atrium and with little motion of the posterior leaflet. Three animals survived more than 3 months; good healing of the annular cuff and papillary muscle tubes was demonstrated. Conclusion: This stentless xenograft mitral valve substitute had low gradients at baseline and during stress conditions early postoperatively, with mild mitral regurgitation. Preliminary analysis of healing characteristics appeared favorable at 3 months. Additional studies are needed to determine long-term xenograft mitral valve performance and resistance to calcification. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:541-52
Pointer analysis for programs with structures and casting

Type casting allows a program to access an object as if it had a type different from its declared type. This complicates the design of a pointer-analysis algorithm that treats structure fields as separate objects; therefore, some previous pointer-analysis algorithms "collapse" a structure into a single variable. The disadvantage of this approach is that it can lead to very imprecise points-to information. Other algorithms treat each field as a separate object based on its offset and size. While this approach leads to more precise results, the results are not portable because the memory layout of structures is implementation dependent.This paper first describes the complications introduced by type casting, then presents a tunable pointer-analysis framework for handling structures in the presence of casting. Different instances of this framework produce algorithms with different levels of precision, portability, and efficiency. Experimental results from running our implementations of four instances of this framework show that (i) it is important to distinguish fields of structures in pointer analysis, but (ii) making conservative approximations when casting is involved usually does not cost much in terms of time, space, or the precision of the results.
A procedural model of reflection from random rough surfaces

ABSTRACT The TETRA bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model was developed to simulate the reflection from random rough surfaces in optical radiation transfer modeling by the Mont e Carlo method (MCM). This procedural model is based on geometrical optics, has as a prototype th e two-dimensional model proposed by Torrance and Sparrow, and allows generating, for each ray, a random tetrahedral pit with walls that reflect according to Fresnels law. An incident ray undergoes one or several reflections from the tetrahedrons walls, and then continues to participate in the radiation transfer on the macro-level. The properties of the TETRA BRDF are studied using numerical experiments. Keywords: rough surface, reflectance, Monte Carlo method, radiation transfer, ray tracing 1. INTRODUCTION In recent decades, the MCM has occupied the leading position in the solution of such computational problems of optical radiation transfer as radiative heat exchange [1, 2], optical radiometry [3], computer graphics [4], and remote sensing [5]. One of the major advantages of the MCM is the possibility of simulating the optical radiation transfer between surfaces with directional-dependent radiation characteristics. Random rough surfaces are a broadly applicable and practically important category of such surfaces. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with random rough surfaces is a problem of great scientific interest, the solutions of which are known for some special cases only. In this paper, we will consider unpolarized optical radiation falling onto isotropic random rough surfaces. We shall accep t the geometrical optics approximation assuming that the typical length scale of a rough surface is greater than the wavelength. Radiation characteristics of an opaque surface can be exhaustively described by its bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) [6] that is defined by one of two equivalent equations (we assume the radiation to be monochromatic and omit the dependence on wavelength):
Automatic Extraction of Secrets from Malware

As promising results have been obtained in defeating code obfuscation techniques, malware authors have adopted protection approaches to hide malware-related data from analysis. Consequently, the discovery of internal cipher text data in malware is now critical for malware forensics and cyber-crime analysis. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automatically extract secrets from malware. Our approach identifies and extracts binary code relevant to secret hiding behaviors. Then, we relocate and reuse the extracted binary code in a self-contained fashion to reveal hidden information. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through a proof-of-concept prototype called ASES (Automatic and Systematic Extraction of Secrets) along with experimental results.
Predation and population cycles

The first attempts at a mathematical theory of predation appeared in the 1920s, the well-known Lotka-Volterra equations. The major conclusion of this simple theory was that predator-prey systems tended to oscillate numerically with periods and amplitudes determined by their initial population densities. The coincidence of this theory with the first quantitative analyses of cyclic fluctuations of small mammal populations by Elton (1924) led to the durable hypothesis that such oscillations were manifestations of predation.
Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertisements on Network Television: An Exploration of Quantity, Frequency, and Placement

Prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drug advertisements that appear on television are among the most common forms of health communication reaching the U.S. public, but no studies to date have explored the quantity, frequency, or placement of these ads on television. We explored these questions by recording all programs and advertisements that appeared on network television in a southeastern city during a selected week in the summer of 2001 and coding each prescription and OTC drug ad for its frequency, length, and placement by time of day and television program genre. A total of 18,906 ads appeared in the 504-hour sample, including 907 OTC drug ads (4.8%) and 428 prescription (Rx) drug ads (2.3%), which together occupied about 8% of all commercial airtime. Although OTC drug ads were more common, Rx drug ads on average were significantly longer. Direct-to-consumer drug ads appeared most frequently during news programs and soap operas and during the middle-afternoon and early-evening hours. Overall, we ...
Reperfusion Normalizes Motor Activation Patterns in Large-Vessel Disease

Objective—Hemodynamic impairment in one hemisphere has been shown to trigger atypical ipsilateral motor activation in the opposite hemisphere on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized that reversing the hypoperfusion would normalize the motor activation pattern. Methods—We studied 4 patients with high-grade stenosis and impaired VMR but no stroke. Change in fMRI motor activation pattern pre- and post-VMR normalization was compared with 7 healthy controls scanned at an interval of three months using voxel-wise statistical parametric maps and Region of Interest (ROI) analysis. fMRI was performed at 1.5T, 128×128 matrix, 19cm2FOV, slice-thickness= 4.5mm/0skip, TR=4000, slices=25, voxel dimensions 1.5×1.5×4.5mm.Subjects performed a repetitive hand closure task in synchrony with 1Hz metronome tone. We used repeated-measures ANOVA to compute the interaction between group (patients/controls) and time by obtaining the average BOLD-signal of 3 motor ROIs in each hemisphere. Results—Two patients normalized their VMR after spontaneous resolution of dissection, and 2 following revascularization procedures. Both voxel-wise statistical maps and ROI analysis showed that VMR normalization was associated in each case with a reduction in the atypical activation in the hemisphere opposite to the previously hypoperfused hemisphere (p<.0001). Interpretation—In the presence of a physiologic stressor such as hypoperfusion, the brain is capable of dynamic functional reorganization to the opposite hemisphere that is reversible when normal blood flow is restored. These findings are important to our understanding of the clinical consequences of hemodynamic failure and the role of the ipsilateral hemisphere in maintaining normal neurological function.
Efficient testing of software modifications

As software products evolve, regression testing is a necessary part of the development process. We present methods to automate and analyze change tracking for requirements and test cases so we may partially automate the process of revising the regression test suite for the modified software, and eliminate the necessity to rerun test cases that are unaffected by the modifications. >
Lipoates as building blocks of sulfur-containing branched macromolecules

The radical copolymerization of cyclic disulfide-type monomers (ethyl lipoate or lipoic acid) with ethyl acrylate (1 : 1 molar feed ratio) yielded copolymers containing a significant fraction of backbone disulfide groups, which were degradable upon reduction. A compound containing two types of radically polymerizable groups (cyclic disulfide (1,2-dithiolane) and vinyl), 2-acryloyloxyethyl lipoate (AOELp), was synthesized and demonstrated to be a useful precursor for highly branched sulfur-containing polymers. Under radical polymerization conditions, AOELp served as a crosslinker, but up to moderate to high conversions and prior to gelation, soluble highly branched polymers were produced containing reductively degradable disulfide moieties, originating from the attack of a sulfur-centered radical on a 1,2-dithiolane group from AOELp or the polymer (pendant group), or the coupling of two sulfur-centered radicals. Alternatively, the reduction of AOELp afforded the corresponding dithiol acrylate (an AB2-type monomer), which participated in radical or ionic step-growth thiol–ene reactions, yielding highly branched reductively non-degradable polymers with thioether-type sulfur atoms in the backbones.
Parallel transistor level full-chip circuit simulation

In this paper, we present a fully parallel transistor level full-chip circuit simulation tool with SPICE-accuracy for general circuit designs. The proposed overlapping domain decomposition approach partitions the circuit into a linear subdomain and multiple non-linear subdomains based on circuit non-linearity and connectivity. Parallel iterative matrix solver is used to solve the linear domain while non-linear subdomains are parallelly distributed into different processors topologically and solved by direct solver. To achieve maximum parallelism, device model evaluation is done parallelly. Parallel domain decomposition technique is used to iteratively solve the different partitions of the circuit and ensure convergence. Orders of magnitude speedup over SPICE is observed for sets of large-scale circuit designs on up to 64 processors.
The relevance of phylogeny to studies of global change

Phylogenetic thinking has infiltrated many areas of biological research, but has had little impact on studies of global ecology or climate change. Here, we illustrate how phylogenetic information can be relevant to understanding vegetation–atmosphere dynamics at ecosystem or global scales by re-analyzing a data set of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in leaves that was used to estimate terrestrial gross primary productivity. The original calculations relied on what appeared to be low CA activity exclusively in C4 grasses, but our analyses indicate that such activity might instead characterize the PACCAD grass lineage, which includes many widespread C3 species. We outline how phylogenetics can guide better taxon sampling of key physiological traits, and discuss how the emerging field of phyloinformatics presents a promising new framework for scaling from organism physiology to global processes.
Origin of the dynamics of the spin state in undoped BaFe2As2: Mossbauer studies

Fe–As based superconductors provide a good system for understanding the relationship between magnetism and superconductivity. Considerable efforts have been expended in understanding the magnetic behavior of the parent compound, BaFe2As2. However, it had not been realized that traces of adsorbed O2 by the material bring about drastic changes in its magnetic behavior. O2 is known to trap electrons, forming O2−. Guided by this discovery, we observe in the absence of O2 a dynamic transition between intermediate and low spin states of Fe and hysteresis effects, and in the presence of O2 trapping of the magnetic state. These observations are likely to have a bearing on the role of magnetism in superconductivity.
Principles of OFDM

After an introduction to the main principles of OFDM the author discusses the basic OFDM model, channel shortening, synchronization, and loading algorithms.
Influence of fines dissolving on crystal size distribution in an MSMPR crystallizer

A laboratory mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer was operated with and without continuous fines segregation and destruction. Predicted improvements in product-crystal size were observed. By carefully representing the crystallizer flow pattern, quantitative agreement of crystal size distribution with prediction was achieved.
Deficiency In Antibody Response To Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein Gh In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients At Risk For Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients at risk for symptomatic human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were studied for serum antibody to CMV glycoproteins gH and gB. Antibody titers to gB in HIV-seropositive patients, irrespective of CD4 cell counts or presence of CMV retinitis, were significantly higher than titers in HIV-seronegative, CMV-seropositive patients but were comparable to titers detected in HIV-seronegative patients with CMV mononucleosis. In contrast, antibody to gH was rarely detected in HIV-seropositive patients with CD4 cell counts > 100/mm3 compared with patients with counts > 100/mm3. The inability to detect gH antibody at a time of high risk for symptomatic CMV retinitis suggests that immune intervention with either gH-specific vaccine or passive immunotherapy may benefit HIV-infected persons at risk for symptomatic CMV disease.
Tamsulosin reduces the incidence of acute urinary retention following early removal of the urinary catheter after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives To determine the efficacy of tamsulosin in preventing acute urinary retention following early catheter removal after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods Between February 2000 and October 2000, cystography was performed on postoperative day 7 after radical retropubic prostatectomy by a single surgeon (group 1). Between September 2001 and August 2002, cystography was performed on postoperative day 8 after radical retropubic prostatectomy by the same surgeon (group 2). The protocol for performing cystography and assessment of extravasation was similar for both groups. Tamsulosin 0.4 mg was administered 3 days before and 4 days after cystography for all men in group 2. Results Of 179 cystograms in group 1, 135 (75%) revealed no extravasation, and the catheters were removed in 130 of these cases. Of 246 cystograms in group 2, 230 (93.5%) revealed no extravasation, and the catheters were removed in 229 of these cases. A significantly greater proportion of men in group 2 had no extravasation ( P = 0.0007). The incidence of acute urinary retention in groups 1 and 2 was 10% and 2.6%, respectively ( P = 0.0018). The incidence of anastomotic stricture was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Our data strongly suggest that tamsulosin significantly reduces the risk of acute urinary retention after attempts at early catheter removal following radical retropubic prostatectomy. Therefore, we recommend administering a 7-day course of tamsulosin therapy when attempting to remove the urinary catheter before postoperative day 8.
Assessment of mandibular growth by skeletal scintigraphy

Accurate assessment of facial skeletal growth remains a major problem in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Current methods include 1) comparisons of chronologic age with growth histories of the patient and the family, 2) hand-wrist radiographs compared with a standard, and 3) serial cephalometric radiographs. Uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate into bone is a reflection of current metabolic activity and blood flow. Therefore, scintigraphy with this radiopharmaceutical might serve as a good method of assessing skeletal growth. Thirty-four patients, ranging in age from 15 months to 22 years, who were undergoing skeletal scintigrams for acute pathologic conditions of the extremities, were used to develop standards of uptake based on age and skeletal maturation. The results indicate that skeletal scintigraphy may be useful in evaluation of mandibular growth.
The complex wave representation of distance transforms

The complex wave representation (CWR) converts unsigned 2D distance transforms into their corresponding wave functions. The underlying motivation for performing this maneuver is as follows: the normalized power spectrum of the wave function is an excellent approximation (at small values of Planck's constant--here a free parameter τ) to the density function of the distance transform gradients. Or in colloquial terms, spatial frequencies are gradient histogram bins. Since the distance transform gradients have only orientation information, the Fourier transform values mainly lie on the unit circle in the spatial frequency domain. We use the higher-order stationary phase approximation to prove this result and then provide empirical confirmation at low values of τ. The result indicates that the CWR of distance transforms is an intriguing and novel shape representation.
Electron-beam directed materials assembly

We have developed a processing method that employs direct surface imaging of a surface-modified silicon wafer to define a chemical nanopattern that directs material assembly, eliminating most of the traditional processing steps. Defining areas of high and low surface energy by selective alkylsiloxane removal that match the polymer period length leads to defect-free grating structures of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA). We have performed initial studies to extend this concept to other wavelengths beyond 157 nm. In this present paper, we will show that electron beam lithography can also be used to define chemical nanopatterns to direct the assembly of PS-b-PMMA films. Half-pitch patterns resulted in the directed assembly of PS-b-PMMA films. Electron beam lithography can also be used to prepare surfaces for pitch division. Instead of the deposition of an HSQ pinning structure as is currently done, we will show that by writing an asymmetric pattern, we can fill in the space with smaller lamellar period block copolymers to shrink the overall pitch and allow for 15-nm features.
Finite-difference time-domain technique for radiation by horn antennas

A generalization of the FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method, the contour path FDTD method, is applied to model radiation by horn antennas. The contour path FDTD method takes into account the nonrectangular antenna surface by distorting the contours near and on the flared surface of the horn antenna. The remaining cells away from the flared parts retain their basic cubic form. In the present work, both the staircase and contour path FDTD approaches are used to compute and compare radiation patterns from E-plane and H-plane pyramidal horn antennas. >
Bandpass spread spectrum clocking for reduced clock spurs in autozeroed amplifiers

Amplifiers utilizing autozeroing suffer from clock spurs at the sampling frequency. This paper describes a method of controlling the clock in order to reduce the amplitude of the spurs in the frequency domain, allowing a wider spurious-free dynamic range for signals with bandwidths approaching or exceeding the sampling frequency. Improvements of 20 dB were measured when using this technique.
Production Economics of Private Forestry: A Comparison of Industrial and Nonindustrial Forest Owners

This paper compares the producrion behavior of industrial and nonindustrial privateforestland owners in the southeastern U.S. using a restricted profit function. Profits aremodeled as a function of two outputs, sawtimber and pulpwood. one variable input,regeneration effort. and two quasi-fixed inputs, land and growing stock. Although anidentical profit function is rejected, the results indicate behavior consistent with pmfit-maximizing motives under both ownerships. The two ownerships have similar responsesto input and output price changes, both in the shon-run and in the long-run. However,nonindustrial owners appear to place a higher value on their standing timber andforestland than do industrial owners. The difference in estimated shadow valuesindicates that significant nonmarket benefits are being captured by nonindustriai ownersand the benefits are reflected in their production behavior.
MultiSeq: unifying sequence and structure data for evolutionary analysis

Since the publication of the first draft of the human genome in 2000, bioinformatic data have been accumulating at an overwhelming pace. Currently, more than 3 million sequences and 35 thousand structures of proteins and nucleic acids are available in public databases. Finding correlations in and between these data to answer critical research questions is extremely challenging. This problem needs to be approached from several directions: information science to organize and search the data; information visualization to assist in recognizing correlations; mathematics to formulate statistical inferences; and biology to analyze chemical and physical properties in terms of sequence and structure changes.
Shape-dependent plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles

Localized surface plasmon resonances in noble metal nanoparticles cause enhanced optical absorption and scattering that is tunable through the visible and near-infrared. Furthermore, these resonances create large local electric field enhancements at the nanoparticle surfaces, essentially focussing light at the nanometer scale. These properties suggest a range of applications, including biomedical imaging, therapeutics, and molecular sensing. Here we review some recent advances regarding shape-dependent optical properties of two specific nanoparticle geometries: gold nanorods and branched gold nanoparticles.
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and chronic disease risk marker or causal?

Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the risk of cardiovascular events ([1][1]). In this issue of the Journal , a meta-analysis of lipid-modifying drug trials has extended the harmful association of
More on the Syntax of -st Verbs

This chapter details aspects of the morphosyntax of the -st clitic that played such an important role in Chaps. 3– 5 but were not directly relevant to the analysis and argumentation there. Its purpose is both to support the general view of -st presented in previous chapters, as well as to provide a broader picture of Icelandic morphosyntax, which should allow for more thorough comparisons with other languages. Section 6.2 focuses on verbs which seem to be derived from nouns by using the -st clitic. It is argued that this is not quite the right characterization: rather, denominal verbs tend to be syntactically transitive, so in order to form semantic intransitives, some kind of expletive argument must be used. English uses it (in sentences like He’s guitaring it up), while Icelandic uses -st. This is consistent with, and evidence in favor of, the claim that -st is an expletive clitic that occupies an argument position. Section 6.3 turns to generic middles and so-called modal passive -st verbs, where, with certain modals, -st verbs seem to be interpreted as passive. It is argued that these facts support the analysis of -st anticaustives in Chap. 3, where the impossibility of anticausativizing agentive verbs was taken to be a basically semantic constraint. Section 6.4 reviews a similar data set with -st verbs that are licensed in the presence of the causative verb lata ‘let’; the facts there point in a similar direction as in Sect. 6.5. Section 6.6 takes a brief look at reciprocal -st verbs, and proposes that they may have either anticausative or reflexive morphosyntax. It is proposed that the reciprocal reading should be analyzed as a particular interpretation of v, rather than as an interpretation of Voice, as in some other recent analyses. Section 6.6 takes a final look at reflexive -st verbs that did not fit directly into the discussion in Chaps. 3– 5, and proposes various ways that they may be integrated with the overall views presented there.
A Critical Evaluation of the Utility of Imaging After Urethroplasty for Bulbar Urethral Stricture Disease

Objective To determine the incidence of extravasation on initial postoperative pericatheter retrograde urethrogram (pcRUG) after bulbar urethroplasty and the relationship to repair type. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review to collect stricture-related and postoperative information with emphasis on pcRUGs. All men had a pcRUG at the initial follow-up appointment. The Foley catheter was removed if no extravasation was seen and left in place for an extra week, with a repeat pcRUG if extravasation was noted. Results We limited our analysis to men who underwent bulbar urethroplasty from January 1996 to December 2012 (by two surgeons: GDW, ACP). We identified 437 patients and 407 (93%) had follow up data. The mean stricture length was 1.97 cm ± 1.2 cm. In those patients who underwent excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) (n = 232, 57%), we performed the1st pcRUG 1 week earlier compared to those who underwent augmented anastomotic repair (n = 150, 37%) or onlay repair (n = 25, 6%). There was no difference in extravasation rates among all repair types at first pcRUG. The overall rate of extravasation on the first postoperative pcRUG significantly decreased in all patients (0.98% vs 5%, P = .0008) and in those who underwent EPA (5.6% vs 0.4%, P = .0016) when the Foley catheter remained for an extra week. Conclusion Men who undergo bulbar urethroplasty have a low extravasation rate (2.2%) 3 weeks postoperatively and those who underwent EPA benefited from an additional week of catheterization.
Synthesis and characterization of a plasmonic-semiconductor composite containing rationally designed, optically tunable gold nanorod dimers and anatase TiO2

Herein we utilize on-wire lithography (OWL) to synthesize a composite plasmonic–semiconductor material composed of Au nanorod dimers embedded within anatase TiO2 sheets. We demonstrate that, despite the harsh conditions necessary to synthesize crystalline TiO2, the gapped nanostructures remain intact. Additionally, we show that the optical properties of these structures can be tailored via the geometric control afforded by the OWL process to produce structures with various gap sizes exhibiting different electric field intensities near the surface of the metal particles and that those fields penetrate into the semiconductor material. Finally, we show that this composite amplifies the electric field of incident light on it by a factor of 103, which is more that 750 times greater than the isotropic materials typically used for these systems.
Henry VIII and the Court: Art, Politics and Performance. Edited by Thomas Betteridge and Suzannah Lipscomb. (Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. xviii, 327. $119.95.)

One of the many publications resulting from the five‐hundredth anniversary of the accession of perhaps England's most famous king, this collection of seventeen essays has its origins in a conferenc...
Representative Bureaucracy and School Discipline The Influence of Schools’ Racial Contexts

This article examines whether the racial context within local communities influences the assignment of disciplinary policies in public schools. First, we consider whether different policies may be assigned to similar target groups across varying racial contexts. Then, we consider whether the racial context moderates the transition from passive representation to active representation among bureaucrats. We draw from two theories of intergroup relations—group contact theory and group threat theory—to help explain the passive-to-active representation link. Using a sample of Georgia public schools, we find that schools rely more on more punitive disciplinary measures in school districts characterized by greater segregation and that this occurs especially among schools with sizable African American student populations. We also find that active representation appears to occur more often in segregated environments, perhaps because of the greater salience of race within these communities.
Specific binding of thrombin by human peripheral blood monocytes: possible role in the clearance of activated clotting factors from the circulation.

Abstract The possibility that human PBM might specifically bind several proteins of the coagulation mechanism was studied in vitro. Purified preparations of human thrombin, AT III, TH-AT III complex, and prothrombin were radiolabeled with Na[ 125 I] and incubated with human monocyte monolayers that had been isolated from whole blood by Ficoll-Paque sedimentation gradient and adherence to plastic tissue culture wells. Specificity of binding was determined by its suppression in the presence of excess concentrations of the appropriate nonradiolabeled protein. PBM were found to bind thrombin specifically but did not specifically bind AT III, TH-AT III complex, or prothrombin. Further characterization of thrombin binding by PBM showed that uptake was time- and temperature-dependent, saturable, and reversible, suggesting an active, receptor-mediated process. Scatchard analysis of [ 125 I]thrombin binding in the presence of increasing concentrations of nonradiolabeled thrombin showed two populations of receptors: a high-affinity receptor with K d = 3.4 × 10 −9 M and a low-affinity receptor with K d = 1.3 × 10 −9 M. These studies indicate that PBM may play a role in the clearance of activated clotting factors from the circulation and serve as an experimental model to study the role of the RES as a defense against thrombosis.