cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel in vitro assay (ALS assay) for evaluation of vaccine-induced antibody secretion from circulating mucosal lymphocytes.

We describe here a novel method for measuring in vitro antibody secretion from the tissue culture of human B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after oral vaccination with a killed cholera vaccine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers of the antibody secreted in the cell supernatant were determined. The validation results demonstrated that human PBMC remained viable and continued to secrete antibodies (total immunoglobulin A [IgA] and IgG) for up to 4 days of incubation at 37°C with 5% CO2 in cell cultures. The secreted antibody concentration correlated positively with the PBMC concentration and incubation time in the tissue culture and correlated negatively with the storage time of the whole blood at room temperature. In vitro assay of secreting antibody in the lymphocyte supernatant (i.e., the ALS assay) is capable of the detecting specific antibody response after oral vaccination with a killed whole-cell-plus-B-subunit cholera vaccine (WC-B) in healthy adults in a phase I clinical trial. Postimmunization PBMC secreted antibodies to cholera toxin in the cell supernatants. Antibody production did not require any in vitro antigen stimulation. In the ALS assay, antigen-specific antibody titers of prevaccination samples were barely detectable, whereas serum antitoxin ELISA titers in background of prevaccine samples were significantly higher than the ALS titers. We conclude that, without any in vitro antigen stimulation after vaccination, PBMC secrete antibodies into the supernatants in the ALS assay. This assay can quantitatively measure the antigen-specific antibody production from the PBMC culture in postvaccination blood samples.
Solution of Maxwell's Equations Coupled to the Navier-Stokes Equations

agneto-Fluid-Dynamics (MFD) offers potential advantages in both hypersonic vehicle design and propulsion. External flow control to reduce heat transfer and flow acceleration exiting scramjet engines, using on board imposed magnetic and electric fields, may enable hypersonic vehicles to pass more efficiently and safely through the atmosphere. Numerical simulation of flow within strong magnetic and electric fields will be important for evaluating possible potential benefits. This paper presents a numerical method for these simulations. The present effort continues the algorithmic development 1,2 required for solving the Navier-Stokes equations coupled to Maxwell's equations. The present paper adds an equilibrium chemistry module that can introduce new species, such as cesium for seeding the flow to enhance the expected weak ionization of aerodynamic flows. The flow within an accelerator section of a proposed scramjet engine is simulated, with and without cesium seeding to enhance the interaction of the flow with the electromagnetic fields.
The Emperor Has No Clothes: Rewriting “Race in Organizations”

This article analyzes how race has been studied in organization scholarship and demonstrates how our approaches to the study at race reflect and reify particular historical and social meanings of race. It is argued that the production of knowledge about race must be understood within a racial ideology embedded in a Eurocentric view of the world. Finally, a “re-vision” of the very concept of race and its historical and political meaning is suggested for rewriting “race” as a necessary and productive analytical category for tpropheorizing about organizations.
Preferred partner characteristics in homosexual men in relation to speculated patterns of brain differentiation.

sexual orientation; homosexual mate selection; partner preferences; neurohormonal theory Abstract OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to test a neurohormonally based theory of sexual orientation and preferred partner characteristics in homosexual men. The theory holds that the brains of homosexual men are masculinized and feminized directing attraction to targets younger and more masculine than self, and the brains of homosexual adolescents are incompletely masculinized and feminized directing attraction to targets older and more masculine than self. METHODS: Ninety-six homosexual men completed questionnaires that asked them to rate morphological and behavioral characteristics associated with ethologically relevant indicators of masculinity. The participants made rat- ings for themselves as adolescents and adults, their current partners and idealized partners as adults, and their idealized partners as adolescents. RESULTS: Results of within-subjects multivariate analyses of variance sup- ported most of the hypotheses. Participants as adults rated their idealized partners as more masculine than themselves and their real partners on fi measures: height, weight, muscle development, facial hair, and sexuality. As adolescents they indicated a preference for males older and more masculine than self. The participants in adulthood did not show the predicted prefer- ence for partners younger than themselves. CONCLUSION: The increased ratings of sexuality for self from adolescence to adulthood support the contention that some additional masculinization of the brain may occur with aging. The increased ratings of body size for the idealized target from adolescence to adulthood keeps the target more mascu- line then self across developmental periods. This phenomenon is consistent with the speculated feminization of the brain at both periods and its effects on partner preferences
Major city evacuation planning using simulation modeling

Purpose – This study aims to provide data on the optimal staff, materials, space and time resources required to operate a regional hub reception center, a “short-term facility with the goal to process and transport displaced survivors (evacuees) to temporary or permanent shelters following a catastrophic incident” (Bonabeau, 2002). The facility will process approximately 20,000 evacuees over its entire seven-day duration following a disaster to assist in community resilience. Design/methodology/approach – The study was performed using a model created using the computer simulation software, AnyLogic. The software allowed for simulations to be performed on each of the three criteria: minimizing the space needed to run the hub, minimizing individual throughput time and minimizing total operation time. Findings – The results of the study demonstrated that the goals set forth by the Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin Regional Catastrophic Planning Team could be improved upon and that the largest contributing factor to...
Precision Measurement of the Recoil Energy Spectrum from the Decay of He 6

The energy spectrum of recoil ions from the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay of ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ was observed repeatedly under a variety of operating conditions with a spectrometer which uses a tandem arrangement of magnetic and electrostatic analysis. Analyzed ions were detected with an electron multiplier. A composite spectrum is formed from the several observations, random errors are assigned on the basis of the observed fluctuations, and four parameters are adjusted to give the best fit of theory to experiment. These parameters are the maximum ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ energy ${W}_{0}$, an electron-neutrino correlation coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, a normalization constant, and a detector parameter. The analysis gives $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}0.3343\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0030$, where the uncertainty represents a careful evaluation of both random and systematic effects. The conclusion is reached, with "68% posterior probability," that the limit to the tensor interaction is $\frac{({|{C}_{T}|}^{2}+{|{{C}_{T}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|}^{2})}{({|{C}_{A}|}^{2}+{|{{C}_{A}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|}^{2})}\ensuremath{\le}0.4%$. If one assumes that there is no tensor interaction but that higher order terms may be present, then one can conclude from a plane-wave ($Z=0$) approximation for the ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ decay that $b=\ensuremath{-}(0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3){(2M)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where $b$ is a second-order term defined in Gell-Mann's paper on weak magnetism, and $M$ is the ratio of nucleon-to-electron mass.
Thermal Response for a Reinforced Concrete Slab Analyzed with Active Infrared Thermography and Comsol Multiphysics

This paper presents a non-destructive technique (NDT) using active infrared thermography and FEM analyses with Comsol Multiphysics software applied for thermal distribution detection through reinforced concrete. For this work a reinforced concrete slab was created having a parallelepiped shape, the length and the width of 400 mm and the thickness of 50 mm. The concrete slab was reinforced using a rebar mesh of 18 mm diameter. The experimental installation consisted of an electrical heating source and a steel frame for fixing the slab and for the thermal distribution analyses an infrared camera was used. The same type of material and conditions like in the laboratory was used for the FEM analyses in Comsol Multiphysiscs to compare with the experimental part. A concrete slab without steel was used to determine the difference between the simple concrete and reinforced concrete in the heat transfer process.
A Primer on Valuing Simple Risk-Free Bonds

This note reviews the fundamental terminology and pricing techniques for a simple risk-free bond contract. The note is intended to introduce students to the concept of the time value of money and the basic language of bond markets.
Exploring the effects of medical trainee naming: a randomized experiment

Purpose There is no rigorous exploration of how the different titles used by medical trainees in medical school affect patients’ perceptions of trainees. This study has two aims: (1) to understand the effects of medical trainee title on subjects’ perceptions, and (2) to understand the effects of informing subjects about the medical education system on comfort with trainees.
Social desirability and probability of endorsement of items in the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory.

Noguchi (1964) correlated probability of item endorsement, P ( T ) , and social desirability scale value (SDSV) for the 120 items in the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory (YGPI) using Japanese students as Ss. 7s wete .30 for males and .56 for females. Because these 7s are considerably lower than those found berween P(T) and SDSV for students in the United States, it was decided to repeat Noguchi's srudy with students at the University of Washington. The statements in the YGPI were translated from Japanese into English by two independent translators. One translation was obtained for us by Professor Noguchi. The other was made by a professional translator who was recommended to us bv the Far Eastern De. pattment of the University of Washington as having a fluent reading knowledge of Japanese. There were some differences between the two translations and, when this was the case, we accepted the translation that seemed to be more in accord with customary phrasing of personality items. The 120 statements wete given to a group of 57 males and 48 females with insttuctions to rate the statements on a 9-point social desirability rating scale. These judgments were used to obtain the SDSVs of the items. An independent group of 54 males and 6 6 females answered each item in self-description and the responses of this group wete used to obtain the P ( T ) s of the statements. The product-moment r between the male and female SDSVs was .96 and chis value is comparable to the r of .94 reported by Noguchi for Japanese male and female SDSVs. The r between male and female P ( T ) s in our sample was .93, while the corresponding r for Japanese male and female P (T) s was .64. As has been found in other cross-culrural studies of the SDSVs of personality statements, the scale values we obtained correlated .83 for males and .85 for females with the Japanese scale values. However, 7s between the P (T) s obtained in the United States and those obtained in Japan wete only .42 for males and .47 for females. In ou t sample, the r berween P ( T ) and SDSV war .80 for both males and females, whereas for Japanese students the corresponding rs were only .30 for males and .56 for females. The results of this study suggest that the relatively low r berween P ( T ) and SDSV for Japanese students is not the result of cultural differences in the SDSVs of the statements investigated but instead may represent a cultural difference between Japanese and American students in the tendency to give socially desirable responses in self-description.
Challenges in reservoir engineering from prospects for horizontal wells

In this review paper, a variety of reservoir applications are illustrated where horizontal wells can have advantages over the use of conventional vertical wells. It is stressed that one of the key advantages relates to the opportunities to optimize the orientation and position of horizontal wells with respect to the principal directions for the reservoir depositional environment, but this may interact with natural fracture or fault directions, and the principal stress direction if hydraulic fracturing is to be considered. Analytical methods for calculating critical coning rates in homogeneous reservoirs are reviewed, and shown to give a very large range of results for horizontal wells. The potential significance of two-phase pressure drop within the wellbore on GOR performance is discussed, and a range of uncertainty by a factor of six is indicated between the use of various correlations for calculating the well pressure drop. In the final section studies are summarized for a gas coning application using ECLIPSE, a commercial simulator. The simulation results indicated an apparently invariant behaviour on GOR history with respect to the effects of wellbore twophase pressure drop when the horizontal well was produced at constant rate in a homogeneous reservoir. However, when the controlling conditions on the horizontal well were made more representative, and reservoir non-uniformity was introduced, it was then found that the two-phase pressure drop became very significant. Some areas for further research are indicated.
The DNA resection protein CtIP promotes mammary tumorigenesis

Many DNA repair factors act to suppress tumor formation by preserving genomic stability. Similarly, the CtIP protein, which interacts with the BRCA1 tumor suppressor, is also thought to have tumor suppression activity. Through its role in DNA end resection, CtIP facilitates DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (DSBR-HR) and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). In addition, however, CtIP has also been implicated in the formation of aberrant chromosomal rearrangements in an MMEJ-dependent manner, an activity that could potentially promote tumor development by increasing genome instability. To clarify whether CtIP acts in vivo to suppress or promote tumorigenesis, we have examined its oncogenic potential in mouse models of human breast cancer. Surprisingly, mice heterozygous for a null Ctip allele did not display an increased susceptibility to tumor formation. Moreover, mammary-specific biallelic CtIP ablation did not elicit breast tumors in a manner reminiscent of BRCA1 loss. Instead, CtIP inactivation dramatically reduced the kinetics of mammary tumorigenesis in mice bearing mammary-specific lesions of the p53 gene. Thus, unlike other repair factors, CtIP is not a tumor suppressor, but has oncogenic properties that can promote tumorigenesis, consistent with its ability to facilitate MMEJ-dependent chromosomal instability. Consequently, inhibition of CtIP-mediated MMEJ may prove effective against tumor types, such as human breast cancer, that display MMEJ-dependent chromosomal rearrangements.
High Affinity Nav Channel Binder with Specific Conjugation Site Derived from Scorpion Toxin with Attenuated Toxicity

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) play a key role in generating action potential which leads to physiological signaling in excitable cells. However, the availability of probes for functional study of mammalian Nav is limited. Based on the beta-scorpion toxin Ts1, we have chemically synthesized a novel biologically friendly binder [S14R, W50Pra]Ts1 (Ts1-S14R) for Nav with high affinity and extremely low dissociation rate. This Ts1 analog has a S14R point mutation, corresponding to E15R in Css4, another beta-scorpion toxin, and also has a propargylglycine (Pra) mutation from W50 for bioconjugation. We identified the pharmacological properties of Ts1-S14R on rat skeletal muscle Nav channel (Nav1.4) using the cut-open oocyte voltage clamp technique and confirmed that its toxicity has been dramatically reduced. Chemical synthesis of this binder enabled us to conjugate with molecules of interest for various studies. Using the fluorescent-dye, BODIPY, conjugated binder, we examined its binding location in Nav1.4 using Lanthanide-based Resonance Energy Transfer technique (LRET). Our LRET study showed Ts1-S14R-BODIPY binds to Nav1.4 at virtually identical location as that of Ts1-BODIPY. In addition, LRET data showed that, once Ts1-S14R-BODIPY binds to Nav1.4, it stays in place for at least 40 min in toxin-free solution, indicating that Ts1-S14R-BODIPY can be employed as a stable binder for Nav1.4. Moreover, we generated Ts1-S14R conjugated with gold nanoparticle (Ts1-S14R-AuNP). We demonstrated this conjugate can induce action potentials by visible light stimulation through the opto-thermal-capacitive effect in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons similarly to that previously reported (Carvalho-de-Souza JL et al. Neuron 2015). Ts1-S14R is therefore a novel probe with great potential for wider applications in Nav-related neuroscience research. Support: U54GM087519 and GM030376.
Security Audit Based on Dynamic Amount of Network Behavior Trust

Security audit system plays an important role in user network behavior.It makes sure that the network behavior can be controlled and traced back.It proposed a design of security audit based on dynamic amount of network behavior trust,which periodically generated rules by mining latest logs and applied rules to the date stream filtering.This design generated different security access control mechanism for trusted behavior and risk behavior,based on matching date flow with rules to measure network behavior trust.Comparing to existing systems which made constant rules to respond to mutative access control and filtering,this design had great applicability and flexibility.
Chest radiography and cardiac fluoroscopy in coronary artery disease.

Recent studies suggest a new and important role for the chest film and cardiac fluoroscopy in the assessment of coronary artery disease. The detection of coronary artery calcification and the radiographic appearance of myocardial infarction are just two of the topics thooroughly described in this article.
Effects of Partial Replacement of Gelatin in High Sugar Gels with Gellan on their Textural, Rhelogical, and Thermal Properties

Effects of partial replacement of gelatin in simulated gummy confections with either high acyl or deacylated gellan on their textural, rheological, and thermal properties were investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of high acyl and deacylated gellan revealed that both gellan types formed finely stranded networks as a result from air-drying of dilute aqueous solutions, the strand thickness of which was approximately 0.5–1 nm. Simulated gummy confections containing 5.025–7.1 % w/w gelatin, 0–0.075 % w/w high acyl or deacylated gellan, and 73–75 % w/w corn syrup and sucrose combined were prepared and analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA) and small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements. The principal component analysis (PCA) of textural attributes obtained from TPA identified a cluster in the first quadrant formed by samples containing 7.1 % w/w gelatin but no gellan and those containing 6.025 % w/w gelatin and 0.075 % w/w high acyl or deacylated gellan. All simulated gummy confections showed storage modulus (G′) values greater than loss modulus (G″) values at 0.1 rad/s, G″ increasing more steeply with increasing angular frequency, and G′-G″ crossovers within the examined angular frequency range (0.1–100 rad/s), typical of high solid biopolymer gels. Furthermore, increasing gellan concentration at a total concentration of the gelling agents (i.e., gelatin and gellan) of 6.1 % w/w increased the melting temperature. These results attest the feasibility of improving the heat stability of gummy confections by the partial replacement of gelatin with either high acyl or deacylated gellan with maintaining textures characteristics of gummy confections containing gelatin as the only gelling agent.
Defining Place Image

Follow this and additional works at: http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/bus_facpub Part of the Marketing Commons, and the Tourism and Travel Commons How does access to this work benefit you? Let us know! Publisher's Statement This chapter appears in Strategic Place Branding Methodologies and Theory for Tourist Attraction edited by Ahmet Bayraktar & Can Uslay. Copyright 2017, IGI Global, www.igi-global.com. Posted by permission of the publisher.
On the Efficiency of Executing Hydro-environmental Models on Cloud☆

Abstract Optimizing high-performance computing applications requires understanding of both the application and its parallelization approach, the system software stack and the target architecture. Traditionally, performance tuning of parallel applications involves consideration of the underlying machine architecture, including floating point performance, memory hierarchies and bandwidth, interconnect architecture, data placement – among others. The shift to the utility computing model through cloud has created tempting economies of scale across IT and domains, not leaving HPC as an exception as a candidate beneficiary. Nevertheless, the infrastructure abstraction and multi-tenancy inherent to cloud offerings poses great challenges to HPC workloads, requiring a dedicated study of applicability of cloud computing as a viable time-to-solution and efficiency platform. In this paper, we present the evaluation of a widely used hydro-environmental code, EFDC, on a cloud platform. Specifically, we evaluate the target parallel application on Linux containers managed by Docker. Unlike virtualization- based solutions that have been widely used for HPC cloud explorations, containers are more fit-for-purpose, sporting among others native execution and lightweight resource consumption. Many-core capability is provided by the OpenMP library in a hybrid configuration with MPI for cross-node data movement, and we explore the combination of these in the target setup. For the MPI part, the work flow is implemented as a data-parallel execution model, with all processing elements performing the same computation, on different sub-domains with thread-level, fine-grain parallelism provided by OpenMP. Optimizing performance requires consideration of the overheads introduced by the OpenMP paradigm such as thread initialization and synchronization. Features of the application make it an ideal test case for deployment on modern cloud architectures, including that it: 1) is legacy code written in Fortran 77, 2) has an implicit solver requiring non-local communication that poses a challenge to traditional partitioning methods, communication optimization and scaling and, 3) is a legacy code across academia, research organizations, governmental agencies, and consulting firms. These technical and practical considerations make this study a representative assessment of migrating legacy codes from traditional HPC systems to the cloud. We finally discuss challenges that stem from the containerized nature of the platform; the latter forms another novel contribution of this paper.
Preliminary evaluation of child self-rating using the Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale.

Aim To evaluate and compare how children with Tourette syndrome and parents rate tic and non-tic behavioral related impairment in home, school, and social domains; to compare these with clinician tic ratings; and to identify factors that may predict greater impairment. Method In a sample of 85 Tourette syndrome and 92 healthy control families, the Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale, designed for parent-report and which includes 37 items rated for tic and non-tic impairment, was administered to parents and, with the referent modified, to children ages 9 to 17 years. Tic severity was rated using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Analyses utilized descriptive and multivariate statistics. Results Tourette syndrome children's and parents' impairment ratings were higher than HC (p<0.001) and correlated moderately (r=0.46 to 0.54; p<0.001). Children's and parents' tic impairment ratings correlated with YGTSS (r=0.36 to 0.37; p<0.001). Parents' average ratings were higher than children's for 19 tic and all 37 non-tic impairment items. For 29 items, children self-rated impairment higher for tics than non-tics. Diagnoses of attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder had larger effects on parent impairment ratings. Interpretation The Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale appears informative for child self-rating in Tourette syndrome.
Restrictions of Hepatitis C Treatment for Substance-Using Medicaid Patients: Cost Versus Ethics.

Medicaid programs provide health insurance coverage for many patients with hepatitis C, a public health problem for which effective but very expensive treatments are now available. Facing constrained budgets, most states adopted prior authorization criteria for sofosbuvir, the first of these agents.Using fee-for-service utilization data from 42 Medicaid programs in 2014, we found that strict behavioral criteria—those that limited coverage on the basis of drug or alcohol use and included specific abstinence or treatment requirements—were associated with significantly less spending on sofosbuvir.Despite the potential cost savings, such criteria raise troubling questions in terms of public health as well as medical ethics, clinical evidence, and potentially federal law. Decision-makers should reject these requirements in Medicaid coverage policy and pursue national and state policy strategies to balance short-term budgetary realities with long-term public health benefits.
1/f Neural Noise and Electrophysiological Indices of Contextual Prediction in Normative Aging

Prediction during language comprehension has increasingly been suggested to play a substantive role in efficient language processing. Emerging models have postulated that predictive mechanisms are enhanced when neural networks fire synchronously, but to date, this relationship has been investigated primarily through oscillatory activity in narrow frequency bands. A recently-developed measure proposed to reflect broadband neural activity - and thereby synchronous neuronal firing - is 1/ f neural noise extracted from EEG spectral power. Previous research (Voytek et al., 2015) has indicated that this measure of 1/ f neural noise changes across the lifespan, and these neural changes predict age-related behavioral impairments in visual working memory. Using a cross-sectional sample of young and older adults, we examined age-related changes in 1/ f neural noise and whether this measure would predict ERP correlates of successful lexical prediction during discourse comprehension. 1/ f neural noise across two different language tasks revealed high within-subject correlations, indicating that this measure can provide a reliable index of individualized patterns of neural activation. In addition to age, 1/ f noise was a significant predictor of N400 effects of successful lexical prediction, but noise did not mediate age-related declines in other ERP effects. We discuss broader implications of these findings for theories of predictive processing, as well as potential applications of 1/ f noise across research populations.
The Pseudo-Differential Type Operator and Hankel Type Transformation Associated with Bessel Type Operator

In this paper the generalized pseudo-differential type operator P(x,D), associated with the Bessel operator d 2 /dx 2 + (1-4α 2 -4β 2 +8αβ)/4x 2 is defined. The symbol class H m ρ,δ is introduced. It has been shown that the pseudo-differential type operator associated with a symbol belonging to this class is a continuous linear mapping of the Zemanian space H α,β into itself. An integral representation of pseudo-differential type operator is obtained. Using Hankel type convolution,L p μ,a -norm continuity of the pseudo-differential type operator is proved.
The Dense Gas Fraction and The Critical Density Required for Star Formation

We analytically calculate the star formation efficiency and dense gas fraction in the presence of self-gravitating super-Alfv\'enic turbulence using the model of Burkhart (2018) which employs a piecewise lognormal and power law density PDF. We show that the PDF transition density between lognormal and power law forms is a mathematically motivated critical density and can be physically related to the density where the Jeans length is comparable to the sonic length, i.e. the post-shock critical density for collapse. When the PDF transition density is taken as the critical density, the star formation efficiency ($\epsilon$) and depletion time ($t_{\rm depl}$) can be calculated from the dense self-gravitating gas faction represented as the fraction of gas in the PDF power law tail. We minimize the number of free parameters in the expressions for $\epsilon$ and $t_{\rm depl}$ by removing the parameterized critical density criterion for collapse and thus provide a more direct pathway for comparison with observations. We test the analytic predictions for the transition density and dense gas fraction against AREPO moving mesh gravoturbulent simulations and find good agreement. We predict that, when gravity dominates the density distribution in the star forming gas, the star formation efficiency and depletion time should be weakly anti-correlated with the sonic Mach number. The star formation efficiency and depletion time depend primarily on the slope of the power law tail, which directly quantifies the fraction of dense self-gravitating gas and the feedback efficiency. Our model prediction is in agreement with recent observations, such as the M51 PdBI Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS).
Herbert Butterfield, Christianity, and International Law

A recent article by the economist Samuel Brittan in The Financial Times was entitled "Make the world safe from crusaders." In his article, Mr. Brittan discussed one of the two books that most influenced him as a student. That book was Christianity, Diplomacy and War, and its author, Sir Herbert Butterfield, was one of the most eminent British historians of the twentieth century. Brittan noted that it was deeply regrettable that Butterfield's book "seems to have passed into oblivion... For there is no better antidote to the fantasies of the American neo-conservatives or the European liberal imperialists." Brittan is exactly right. Butterfield's work on the subjects of diplomacy and war, and the relationships of both to Christianity, deserves to be recollected, pondered and evaluated.
U(VI)-containing metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers

Publisher Summary The structural diversity of Uranium-containing coordination polymers is rather extensive. This can be attributed to two synergistic factors: a rich local geometry of the uranyl cation and a diverse pool of organic linker molecules. Developments within transition metal and lanthanide based metal-organic framework materials are making their way into the actinide materials. Much of the original interest in uranium structural chemistry stemmed from its role in the nuclear fuel cycle, yet promising new compounds reviewed in the chapter suggest that an extension of their utility is on the horizon. New and exciting applications for these materials are currently being explored with considerable intensity. Catalytic and fluorescent behaviors hold particular promise as coordination polymers offer unique opportunities for tunable fluorescence as well as heterogeneous catalysis. The latter of these properties results from the photocatalytic ability of excited state uranyl cations.
Educational Attainment and Upward Mobility: Prospects for Filipino Americans.

Education was once considered as “the great equalizer,” the means by which those who were economically or socially disadvantaged could increase their life chances and improve their station. Today, the notion of education as the key factor in upward mobility is not so easily accepted. kr example, Lipset and Bendix, and Blau and Duncan have shown the importance of education in achieving high social and occupational status and income, and Nachmias gives evidence that higher levels of education increase one’s chances for power and prestige.’ On the other hand, the studies of Coleman, Gintis, and Jencks throw doubts on the dominance of education over other factors affecting mobility.2 Although there is debate around education and status attainment, the controversy seems to revolve not so much on whether education is important, as on whether it is dominant in determining social mobility or status attainment. This paper takes the position that education may not be the “great equalizer” it was once purported, but it can, and often does, increase one’s opportunities. United States census statistics show that additional years of schooling result in increased earnings, although the size of the increment varies among different population groups. This paper will review education and social mobility in relation to Filipinos in the United States. What factors affect the educational aspirations of Filipino high school seniors is the focus of a survey conducted by the author. From this study, recommendations to increase the educational participation and level of Filipino Americans will be offered.
The Experimental Use Exemption to Patent Infringement: Information on Ice, Competition on Hold

The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nearly eliminated the common law experimental use exemption to patent infringement under which patent subject matter can be used for research purposes. In doing so, the court has retarded innovation, competition and consumer welfare. This paper traces the demise of the experimental use exemption, compares the exemption to other patent law policies, reviews and critiques law reform proposals to reestablish the exemption, and proposes a new statutory experimental use exemption. The proposed statutory experimental use exemption would cover all patent subject matter, but would provide differential (asymmetric) access to patent subject matter for corporations, small businesses and non-profit research organizations. The proposed experimental use exemption includes a test to determine permitted research uses of patent subject under the exemption and statutory language to implement the exemption.
Is Speckle Tracking Imaging Ready for Prime Time in Current Echo Clinical Practice

Accurate assessment of left and right ventricular systolic function plays a fundamental role in the prognostication and management of patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. Traditional echocardiographic parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction, may lack the sensitivity to detect subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The advent of speckle tracking echocardiography for left and right ventricular systolic function assessment provides a further tool in this evaluation. Speckle tracking echocardiography has been demonstrated to provide incremental prognostic value beyond traditional echocardiographic parameters. This review discusses the clinical application of speckle tracking echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease and its implementation within the clinical echocardiography laboratory.
Emotional scaffolding in early childhood education

Emotions can either help or hinder students’ learning. This is especially true in early childhood education. This article analyzes data on how two early childhood teachers account for students’ emo...
Towards mechanical characterization of granular biofilms by optical coherence elastography measurements of circumferential elastic waves

Microbial granular biofilms are spherical, multi-layered aggregates composed of communities of bacterial cells encased in a complex matrix of hydrated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). While granular aggregates are increasingly used for applications in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment, their underlying mechanical properties are poorly understood. The challenges of viscoelastic characterization for these structures are due to their spherical geometry, spatially heterogeneous properties, and their delicate nature. In this study, we report a model-based approach for nondestructive characterization of viscoelastic properties (shear modulus and shear viscosity) of alginate spheres with different concentrations, which was motivated by our measurements in granular biofilms. The characterization technique relies on experimental measurements of circumferential elastic wave speeds as a function of frequency in the samples using the Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) technique. A theoretical model was developed to estimate the viscoelastic properties of the samples from OCE data through inverse analysis. This work represents the first attempt to explore elastic waves for mechanical characterization of granular biofilms. The combination of the OCE technique and the theoretical model presented in this paper provides a framework that can facilitate quantitative viscoelastic characterization of samples with curved geometries and the study of the relationships between morphology and mechanical properties in granular biofilms.
The Rebel and the Imam in Early Islam: Explorations in Muslim Historiography

Engaging with contemporary debates about the sources that shape our understanding of the early Muslim world, Najam Haider proposes a new model for Muslim historical writing that draws on Late Antique historiography to challenge the imposition of modern notions of history on a pre-modern society. Haider discusses three key case studies - the revolt of Mukhtar b. Abi 'Ubayd (d. 67/687), the life of the Twelver Shi'i Imam Musa al-Kazim (d. 183/799) and the rebellion and subsequent death of the Zaydi Shi'i Imam Yahya b. 'Abd Allah (d. 187/803) - in calling for a new line of inquiry which focuses on larger historiographical questions. What were the rules that governed historical writing in the early Muslim world? What were the intended audiences for these works? In the process, he rejects artificial divisions between Sunni and Shi'i historical writing.
Biomechanical Analysis of an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Pseudarthrosis Model Revised With Machined Interfacet Allograft Spacers

Study Design:Biomechanics study.Objectives:To evaluate the biomechanical advantage of interfacet allograft spacers in an unstable single-level and 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (A...
Influenza vaccine effectiveness and disease burden in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: 2012-2017.

Background Data are limited on the burden of influenza and seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods We used a prospectively collected clinical registry of SCD patients 6 months to 21 years of age to determine the influenza cases per 100 patient-years, vaccination rates, and a test-negative case-control study design to estimate influenza VE against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. Influenza-positive cases were randomly matched to test-negative controls on age and influenza season in 1:1 ratio. We used adjusted logistic regression models to compare odds ratio (OR) of vaccination in cases to controls. We calculated VE as [100% × (1 - adjusted OR)] and computed 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the estimate. Results There were 1037 children with SCD who were tested for influenza, 307 children (29.6%) had at least one influenza infection (338 infections, incidence rate 3.7 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 3.4-4.1) and 56.2% of those tested received annual influenza vaccine. Overall VE pooled over five seasons was 22.3% (95% CI, -7.3% to 43.7%). Adjusted VE estimates ranged from 39.7% (95% CI, -70.1% to 78.6%) in 2015/2016 to -5.9% (95% CI, -88.4% to 40.4%) in the 2016/17 seasons. Influenza VE varied by age and was highest in children 1-5 years of age (66.6%; 95% CI, 30.3-84.0). Adjusted VE against acute chest syndrome during influenza infection was 39.4% (95% CI, -113.0 to 82.8%). Conclusions Influenza VE in patients with SCD varies by season and age. Multicenter prospective studies are needed to better establish and monitor influenza VE among children with SCD.
Evidence that ABC transporter-mediated autocrine export of an eicosanoid signaling molecule enhances germ cell chemotaxis in the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri.

The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri regenerates the germline during repeated cycles of asexual reproduction. Germline stem cells (GSCs) circulate in the blood and migrate to new germline niches as they develop and this homing process is directed by a Sphigosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) gradient. Here, we find that inhibition of ABC transporter activity reduces migration of GSCs towards low concentrations of S1P in vitro. In addition, inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) or lipoxygenase (Lox) blocks chemotaxis towards low concentrations of S1P. These effects can be rescued by addition of the 12-Lox product 12-S-HETE. Blocking ABC transporter, PLA2 or 12-Lox activity also inhibits homing of germ cells in vivo. Using a live-imaging chemotaxis assay in a 3D matrix, we show that a shallow gradient of 12-S-HETE enhances chemotaxis towards low concentrations of S1P and stimulates motility. A potential homolog of the human receptor for 12-S-HETE, gpr31, is expressed on GSCs and differentiating vasa+ germ cells. These results suggest that 12-S-HETE might be an autocrine signaling molecule exported by ABC transporters that enhances chemotaxis in GSCs migrating towards low concentrations of S1P.
IdeTo: Spreadsheets for Calculation and Analysis of Area Under the Disease Progress Over Time Data

When disease ratings are obtained over time, area under the disease progress metrics such as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS), which ...
Relationships between retinopathy of prematurity without ophthalmologic intervention and neurodevelopment and vision at 2 years.

Severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with adverse outcomes. Relationships between milder ROP and outcomes have not been defined. We hypothesized that children with ROP stage ≤3 who did not receive ophthalmologic intervention would have worse motor, cognitive, and language skills and more vision abnormalities than children without ROP. This was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial evaluating the effects of myo-inositol on ROP in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Primary outcomes were Bayley Scales of Infant Development composite scores; secondary outcomes included behavioral difficulties and ophthalmologic measures. Outcomes were compared using adjusted linear or modified Poisson models. Of 506 children, 173 (34%) had no ROP, 262 (52%) had ROP stage ≤3 without intervention, and 71 (14%) had ROP with intervention. There was no difference in motor, cognitive, or language scores between children with ROP stage ≤3 without intervention and children without ROP. Children with ROP stage ≤3 without intervention had a higher rate of strabismus compared to children without ROP (p = 0.040). Children with ROP stage ≤3 without intervention did not have adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years’ corrected age compared to children without ROP but did have an increased incidence of strabismus. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: Inositol to Reduce Retinopathy of Prematurity Trial: NCT01954082.
Treatment of Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis

Once the diagnosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is made, treatment varies with the form of MVT (acute, subacute, or chronic MVT). As with acute arterial mesenteric ischemia, acute MVT is a surgical emergency—it may (and usually does not) require emergency operative or endovascular intervention; acute MVT does require immediate anticoagulation to arrest the thrombotic process and prevent progression to irreversible intestinal venous infarction. Diagnosis (a high index of suspicion) and immediate systemic anticoagulation are requisites with careful observation for development of intestinal infarction requiring operative intervention. For subacute MVT, the treatment is similar—anticoagulation and investigation of underlying risk factors; need for operative or endovascular intervention is unusual. For chronic MVT, treatment involves either anticoagulation if there is an underlying systemic coagulopathy, management of intra-abdominal perivenous pathology if that is the cause of the MVT (e.g., chronic pancreatitis), or management of the hemorrhagic mesenteric or splenic venous consequences of venous hypertension. Interventional processes of thrombectomy/thrombolysis have been used in selected situations but are unusual.
Electronic Monitoring to Promote National Security Impacts Workplace Privacy

This paper explores electronic workplace monitoring in light of the USA PATRIOT Act—federal legislation with a national security focus that expands the likelihood of electronic workplace monitoring to assist government investigators. The paper examines federal laws that cover the privacy rights of at-will employees in the context of electronic workplace monitoring, including recent cases that have narrowed employee privacy rights. The paper argues that business justifications for electronic workplace monitoring have been bolstered by national security concerns, resulting in decreased expectations of privacy in the workplace for at-will employees. There are persuasive arguments that employers should exercise restraint in the use of information obtained through electronic monitoring in discipline and discharge decisions related to at-will employees. These arguments in favor of exercising restraint flow from the text of the USA PATRIOT Act and consider the risk of discrimination lawsuits.
Understanding the multinomial-Poisson transformation

There is a known connection between the multinomial and the Poisson likelihoods. This, in turn, means that a Poisson regression may be transformed into a logit model and vice versa. In this paper, I show the data transformations required to implement this transformation. Several examples are used as illustrations.
Artistic data visualization: beyond visual analytics

Information visualization is traditionally viewed as a tool for data exploration and hypothesis formation. Because of its roots in scientific reasoning, visualization has traditionally been viewed as an analytical tool for sensemaking. In recent years, however, both the mainstreaming of computer graphics and the democratization of data sources on the Internet have had important repercussions in the field of information visualization. With the ability to create visual representations of data on home computers, artists and designers have taken matters into their own hands and expanded the conceptual horizon of infovis as artistic practice. This paper presents a brief survey of projects in the field of artistic information visualization and a preliminary examination of how artists appropriate and repurpose "scientific" techniques to create pieces that actively guide analytical reasoning and encourage a contextualized reading of their subject matter.