cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thirty Years Before Manila: E. L. Godkin, Carl Schurz, and Anti‐Imperialism in the Gilded Age

(1968). Thirty Years Before Manila: E. L. Godkin, Carl Schurz, and Anti‐Imperialism in the Gilded Age. The Historian: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 561-577.
The persistence of UCS intensity effects in acquired drive conditioning

The persistence of conditioned fear was measured for varying intervals of time after conditioning in an acquired drive experiment. UCS intensity and number of CS-UCS pairings were varied at two levels during conditioning and the effects on a hurdle-jump test response were measured 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after conditioning. It was found that the effects of a high UCS intensity persisted for 7 days after conditioning, but that the effects a medium UCS intensity dissipated after 48 h after conditioning. The results were interpreted in terms of the relative contribution of UCS intensity to sHr and to D in the Spence-Hull system.
Aggression and depression among abused and non-abused children in foster care

This study compared the aggressive coping behaviors and depressive reactions among 30 physically abused and 30 non-abused children in foster care. Multiple regression analysis identified experiencing abusive parenting, affective mood depressive themes, and school performance as accounting for 63 percent of the variance in overt aggressive behavior within the sample. The abused children connected the reasons for placement with their own behavior; the non-abused children, with a crisis event. The findings support the need for differential foster care programming for children placed in care.
Magnetic phase diagram of La2CuO4

Abstract The magnetic phase diagram of La 2 CuO 4 is determined from dc magnetization measurements for the field parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the layers. No phase transition between weak ferromagnetism and paramagnetism is found.
Chylomicron-bound LPS inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced capillary leak in vivo

Abstract TNF plays a central role in the host acute inflammatory response during sepsis. A potent mediator of inflammation, this cytokine has been shown to increase microvascular permeability through a direct effect on endothelial cells. Previously, we have demonstrated that chylomicron (CM)-bound LPS inhibits the hepatocellular response to TNF-induced stimulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that CM-LPS can also protect endothelial cells from the deleterious effects of TNF. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with saline (control), CM (375 mg/kg BW), LPS (19 μg/kg BW), or combined CM-LPS complexes, 4 h prior to TNF exposure. We then examined the effect of TNF (1 μg/mL) applied intraluminally on microvascular permeability (hydraulic conductivity) in post-capillary venules using the Landis technique. As expected, TNF stimulation increased vascular permeability approximately 3-fold as compared to baseline (Fig. 1). Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Rat microvascular permeability in response to TNF. Data represent the mean ± SEM of ≥ 3 separate experiments (∗P CM alone partially inhibited the TNF-induced increased permeability. However, pretreatment with CM-LPS completely abolished the TNF-induced changes in vascular permeability. Conversely, the animals injected with LPS alone yielded an exaggerated response to TNF. CM-LPS inhibited TNF-induced increases in vascular permeability in vivo. Consistent with our previous observations in hepatocytes, our data suggest that lipoprotein-bound LPS can similarly induce cytokine tolerance in vascular endothelial cells, yielding further support for the development of a lipid-based therapy for gram negative sepsis.
A "control" model of psychological health: Relation to "traditional" and "liberated" sex-role stereotypes (investigation and extension of a construct)

In this article, a “control” model is applied to an analysis of four sex-role stereotypes (traditional males and females; liberated males and females) in which optimal psychological health is assumed to be a balance of active-positive and passive-positive control skills. These stereotypes are then compared and contrasted with respondents' views of psychologically healthy males and females. The study generated descriptive profiles of these sex-role stereotypes in terms of their perceived tendencies toward active/passive, negative/positive control from a group of 270 well-educated individuals primarily in the health and helping professions. Results of the study indicated that traditional males were seen as characterized primarily by active control; and traditional females were characterized primarily by yielding or passive control. The psychologically healthy male, on the other hand, was characterized by approximately equal proportions of active and yielding control; further, he was seen significantly more positively than the traditional male. The psychologically healthy female resembled the psychologically healthy male, but was characterized by a considerably greater degree of active control. Profiles of liberated males and females were intermediate between the traditional and healthy profiles. Liberated females tended to be viewed as very similar to traditional males in terms of their perceived endorsements of active and passive control; however, they were seen more positively than traditional males and females, but less positively than psychologically healthy males and females. The liberated male most closely resembled psychologically healthy profiles, and in particular, like the psychologically healthy male, was described as having a balance of active and passive control.
Optimizing phase and microstructure of chemical solution-deposited bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin films to reduce DC leakage

Polycrystalline bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 or BFO) thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition to explore the impact of processing conditions including annealing temperature, percent excess bismuth, and gel drying temperature on film microstructure and properties. Incorporating 0–5 % excess Bi and annealing at 550 °C in air produced stoichiometric single-phase BiFeO3 films. Deviation from this temperature yielded the bismuth-rich Bi36Fe2O57 phase at temperatures below 550 °C or the bismuth-deficient Bi2Fe4O9 phase at temperatures above 550 °C, both of which contributed to higher DC leakage. However, even single-phase BiFeO3 films produced at 550 °C show high DC leakage (~1.2 × 10−1 A/cm2 at 140 kV/cm) due to a porous microstructure. We have thus investigated unconventional thermal treatments that significantly increase film densification while maintaining phase purity. Under these revised thermal treatment conditions, room temperature leakage current values are reduced by three orders of magnitude to ~1.0 × 10−4 A/cm2 at 140 kV/cm.
Addition of electronic prescription transmission to computerized prescriber order entry: Effect on dispensing errors in community pharmacies

Purpose The addition of electronic prescription transmission to computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) and its effect on dispensing errors in community pharmacies were evaluated. Methods A controlled, before-and-after trial to measure the effect of electronic prescribing on dispensing errors in two control clinics and one e-prescribing clinic already using CPOE was conducted between January and November 2006. Prescriptions documented within the CPOE system were reconciled with dispensed prescription information from participating pharmacy chains via a national pharmacy information exchange network. Dispensing errors were defined as discrepancies between the prescriber’s written orders and the dispensed prescription information. Prescriptions filled at nonparticipating pharmacies were not analyzed. Results A total of 11,447 prescriptions were written in the control clinics, and 29,575 were written in the e-prescribing clinic. During the intervention period, 2,179 (22%) of 9,905 intervention clinic prescriptions were electronically transmitted, including 621 (28%) available for analysis. There was no significant difference in the dispensing-error rates between the baseline and intervention periods for the control clinics. Similarly, the dispensing-error rates did not differ significantly for the e-prescribing clinic between the baseline and intervention periods for prescriptions that were not electronically transmitted. The e-prescribing clinic’s dispensing-error rate for electronically transmitted prescriptions during the intervention was significantly lower than its baseline dispensing-error rate ( p = 0.03). Conclusion Electronic transmission of prescription data from physicians’ offices to a pharmacy nearly halved the risk of dispensing errors compared with generating the prescription with outpatient CPOE and printing it and giving it to the patient.
New ion implantation system with advanced process capabilities

Abstract A new ion implantation system has been developed with several significant IC wafer processing improvements resulting from innovations in beam optics, target system, wafer handling, and control electronics design. This paper will concentrate on the process results that have been established thus far with this new system. Implanted wafers are subjected to temperatures of less than approximately 40°C even with beams of 30 mA at 120 keV. This significantly reduces residual lattice damage due to partial annealing, and also significantly reduces photoresist blistering and flow. Wafers are completely flat and planar during implant, providing a constant implant angle and reduced uniformity and depth profile variations due to channeling, as well as providing more uniform wafer temperature. Low ion beam density and a high speed wafer scanning system provides reduced charging of electrically floating semiconductor structures. Data will be presented on implant uniformity, wafer temperature and charging.
A radiometric assay for determining the incorporation of L-canavanine or L-arginine into protein.

Abstract Procedures for a radiometric assay of l -[guanidinooxy-14C]canavanine were developed which provide a convenient and accurate measure of the incorporation of [14C]canavanine into de novo-synthesized proteins. These methods are also applicable to determining [14C]arginine incorporation into protein. These procedures have been employed to study the synthesis of l -[guanidinooxy-14C]canavanine- and l -[guanidino-14C]arginine-containing proteins from the hemolymph of Manduca sexta and Heliothis virescens, two highly destructive insect pests.
Application of heart rate variability to determine physiologic changes in hypothermic rats

Abstract Time domain and power spectral density (PSD) analyses of ECG were used as indices of physiologic change in telemetry-equipped hypothermic rats. Anesthetized rats were either cooled (Hypo, Tc=20°C) and then rewarmed or maintained normothermic (NC). Heart rate, blood pressure, interbeat interval (IBI), normalized standard deviation (NSD) and PSD were determined. NSD in Hypo rats was significantly elevated at Tc=30°C which was coincident with the transition from increasing to decreasing HR and BP during cooling. With no change in PSD at Tc=30°C, the increased NSD suggests physiological events lacking an autonomic nervous system origin.
Acute Cocaine Treatment Decreases Oxytocin Levels in the Rat Hippocampus

Abstract We examined the effects of an acute cocaine treatment on oxytocin levels in the whole hippocampus, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and amygdala in ovariectomized rats pretreated with 10 μg estradiol benzoate. Cocaine treatment significantly reduced oxytocin levels both in picograms/area and picograms/mg wet weight in the hippocampus but had no significant effect on levels in the VTA and amygdala. These data represent the first evidence for the reduction of oxytocin levels as a result of an acute cocaine treatment.
The Application of Radiation Therapy to the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP): Results of a Pilot Study in Rhabdomyosarcoma

Background The Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) has been successfully used to determine the efficacy of novel agents against solid tumors by testing them within a mouse-flank in vivo model. To date, radiation therapy has not been applied to this system. We report on the feasibility and biologic outcomes of a pilot study using alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft lines. Procedures We developed a high-throughput mouse-flank irradiation device that allows the safe delivery of radiotherapy in clinically relevant doses. For our pilot study, two rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft lines from the PPTP, Rh30 (alveolar) and Rh18 (embryonal) were selected. Using established methods, xenografts were implanted, grown to appropriate volumes, and were subjected to fractionated radiotherapy. Tumor response-rates, growth kinetics, and event-free survival time were measured. Results Once optimized, the rate of acute toxicity requiring early removal from study in 93 mice was only 3%. During the optimization phase, it was observed that the alveolar Rh30 xenograft line demonstrated a significantly greater radiation resistance than embryonal Rh18 in vivo. This finding was validated within the standardized 30 Gy treatment phase, resulting in overall treatment failure rates of 10% versus 60% for the embryonal versus alveolar subtype, respectively. Conclusions Our pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of our device which enables safe, clinically relevant focal radiation delivery to immunocompromised mice. It further recapitulated the expected clinical radiobiology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 377–382. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoelectron spectra of organic radicals and biradicals

Photoelectron spectra of organic radicals and biradicalsCameron F. Logan, Eric S.J. Robles, Daniel W. Kohn, and Peter Chen*Mallinckrodt Chemical Laboratory, Harvard UniversityCambridge, Massachusetts 02138ABSTRACTData reduction for photoelectron spectra of transient organic reactive intermediates isdemonstrated for the extraction of thermochemical information from poorly resolved spectra.Application to dichlorocarbene and the a,3-dehydrotoluene biradical are shown.
A new interpretation of emission-like features in γ-ray burst spectra

The spectra of γ-ray bursts, which are generally thought to result from a transient phenomenon on a neutron star, extend from the optical up to γ-ray energies. It has recently been suggested1 that the whole spectrum may be due to irradiation of a reprocessing and reflecting boundary near a source of power-law γ-rays with a low-energy cutoff E0 ≈ 300–500 keV. In this picture, the emission at intermediate energy (10 keV≲E≲300–500 keV) results from the reflection of incipient high-energy γ-rays by the surface layers of the underlying neutron star and/or its accretion disk. Some bursts display high-energy (∼400-keV) features, which may be gravitationally redshifted photons produced from the annihilation of electron–positron pairs. This explanation, however, has been open to criticism. I show that an alternative explanation for the high-energy features may be the superposition of the incipient and reflected spectral components near E0.
ADHD, major depressive disorder, and simple phobias are prevalent psychiatric conditions in youth with velocardiofacial syndrome.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine prevalence rates of psychopathology in children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). Method One hundred fifty-four children ages 6 to 15 participated in our between-group design with three samples, 84 children with VCFS (37 girls, 47 boys), 32 sibling controls (18 girls, 14 boys), and 38 community controls (12 girls, 26 boys). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version and several other parent report measures were used to assess for psychopathology. Results Compared to both control samples, children with VCFS had higher prevalence rates of major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, simple phobias, and enuresis. Additional findings from our analyses include (1) no gender differences in VCFS psychopathology prevalence rates, (2) children with VCFS who have comorbid psychopathology were rated by their parents as having less well-developed executive functions, and (3) across all three samples, the higher the IQ was, the higher the level of global functioning. Conclusions These findings are consistent with previous research and suggest that major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and simple phobias are salient features of the VCFS psychiatric phenotype.
Studies of the in vitro and in vivo effects of conjugated steroids and carboxylic acids on hepatic tyrosine transaminase in the rat

Abstract 1. 1. Tyrosine transaminase ( l -tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.5) activity was lost rapidly in fresh rat-liver homogenates (pH 6.9), that were incubated at 38°. The inactivation was paralled by the loss of the coenzyme but was not reversed by the subsequent addition of pyridoxal 5-phosphate. 2. 2. The coenzyme, the keto acid substrates, and their anionic analogs retarded the inactivation and dissociation. Various anionic steroids and diethylstilbestrol disulphate (5·10−4−5·10−5 M) also retarded the inactivation and dissociation; free steroids were ineffective at saturation levels. Aromatic carboxylic acids were effective at 10−2−10−3 M, 5-hydroxytryptophan at 10−3 M, and l -glutamate, bicarbonate, and Pi at 10−2 M. Several other amino acids and NaCl were ineffective at 10−2 M. Many of the in vitro stabilizing agents caused elevated levels of hepatic tyrosine transaminase when injected into adrenalectomized rats. In general, the most potent stabilizers were also the most effective agents in causing the elevated enzyme levels in vivo. 3. 3. Estradiol disulfate and diethylstilbestrol disulfate also retarded the inactivation and dissociation that occured when the homogenates were incubated at 25° in 1.1 or 2.2. M urea or when partially-purified tyrosine transaminase was incubated with trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) or chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.4.5). The rate of inactivation in homogenates was not significantly changed by the presence of 0.001 M EDTA or mercaptoethanol nor by incubation with alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). 4. 4. A small but significantly greater degree of association of the tyrosine transaminase with its coenzyme was found in rat-liver homogenates prepared 1 h after cortisol administration than in the injected controls that were sacrificed immediately. There was also a significantly slower rate of coenzyme dissociation in the 1-h animals. Similar doses of cortisone were ineffective in the latter case.
Nutrients Suppress Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling via Raptor-Dependent mTOR-Mediated Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Phosphorylation

Nutritional excess and/or obesity represent well-known predisposition factors for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, molecular links between obesity and NIDDM are only beginning to emerge. Here, we demonstrate that nutrients suppress phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase/Akt signaling via Raptor-dependent mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). Raptor directly binds to and serves as a scaffold for mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1 on Ser636/639. These serines lie close to the Y632MPM motif that is implicated in the binding of p85α/p110α PI3-kinase to IRS-1 upon insulin stimulation. Phosphomimicking mutations of these serines block insulin-stimulated activation of IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase. Knockdown of Raptor as well as activators of the LKB1/AMPK pathway, such as the widely used antidiabetic compound metformin, suppress IRS-1 Ser636/639 phosphorylation and reverse mTOR-mediated inhibition on PI3-kinase/Akt signaling. Thus, diabetes-related hyperglycemia hyperactivates the mTOR pathway and may lead to insulin resistance due to suppression of IRS-1-dependent PI3-kinase/Akt signaling.
The isolation of acid phosphatase isoenzymes of Oncopeltus fasciatus, (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Abstract 1. 1. Acid phosphatase isoenzymes of selected ages of fourth, fifth, and adult stage milkweed bugs were isolated by CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel electrophoresis. 2. 2. Acid phosphatase-I (AP-I) and acid phosphatase-II (AP-II) were isolated by CM-cellulose chromatography and were found in all examined bugs. 3. 3. Day 14 adult females gave a third isoenzyme, AP-III, from the CM-cellulose column. When acid phosphatase-III (AP-III) was applied to the DEAE-cellulose column, three additional isoenzymes, acid phosphatase-III-1 (AP-III-1), acid phosphatase-III-2 (AP-III-2), and acid phosphatase-III-3 (AP-III-3), were isolated. 4. 4. Gel electrophoresis separated acid phosphatase-I (AP-I) into two isoenzymes, AP-I-1 and AP-I-2, in samples from all groups except the Day 14 adult male which had only AP-I-1 on gels run at pH 8.3. 5. 5. Acid phosphatase-II (AP-II) was a single diffuse band in all groups on gels run at pH 4.5. 6. 6. Acid phosphatase-III-1 (AP-III-1), acid phosphatase-III-2 (AP-III-2), and acid phosphatase-III-3 (AP-III-3) from Day 14 adult females gave each a single diffuse band on gels run at pH 4.5. 7. 7. Juvenile hormone application to the fifth instar bugs had no effect on acid phosphatase activity, total protein, or the electrophoretic separation of acid phosphatase isoenzymes of the fifth instar bugs when compared to the acetone controls.
Keys to Cultural Understanding Figures of speech are tangible manifestations of fundamental modes of perception and conceptualization

Figures of speech are tangible manifestations of deeply rooted modes of perception and conceptualization. They represent categories or models for interpreting the universe-natural and supernatural, and material and non-material phenomena. These categories or models are reflected in all aspects of culture and are fundamentally determined by culture. They should not be considered universal but, rather, extremely relative and highly variable. Some students of language and culture, such as Whorf, would consider figures of speech not to be the most important organizing categories and would give precedence to grammatical constructions-that is, subject-predicate division or verb tenses. The use of figures of speech, however, is in some ways more easily investigated than grammatical categories, and their analysis can provide both unique and corroborative insights into various aspects of a culture, as has been demonstrated here with Palauan social organization.
Time, Action, Space

Postmetropolis deepens Edward Soja's engagement with the sociospatial dialectic, one of his major contributions to urban theory. It also represents an uncharacteristic foray into history. The objectives of my contribution are to probe his treatment of time and to extend his sociospatial dialectic into the realm of actor-network theory, thereby further situating the materiality of the city at the theoretical center of social thought.
Copepoda (cyclopoida, Lichomolgidae) associated with the Alcyonacean Nephthea in the moluccas

In the Moluccas five lichomolgid copepods are associated with soft corals of the genus Nephthea. Paramolgus nephtheanus, n. sp., from Nephthea chabrolii, Nephthea sphaerophora, Nephthea cupressiformis, Nephthea albida, and Nephthea galbuloides, Paramolgus prominulus, n. sp., from N. sphaerophora, N. cupressiformis, and N. albida, and Paramolgus accinctus, n. sp., from N. sphaerophora, N. cupressiformis, N. albida, and N. galbuloides are distinguished from conspecifics by combinations of several characters. These include, among others, the length of the caudal ramus, the form of the female genital segment, and the shape of leg 5 in the female. Mecra ellipsaria, n. gen., n. sp., from N. sphaerophora has only two setae on the fourth segment of the first antenna, the formula II, 2 on the third endopod segment of leg 3, and five aesthetes on the second segment of the first antenna of the male. In Metaxymolgus lumarius, n. sp., from N. galbuloides and N. cupressiformis, the two claws on the second antenna are longer than the fourth second antennal segment and the proximal inner expansion of leg 5 in the female has a thorn-like process. Metaxymolgus aculeatus (Humes & Ho, 1968) occurs on N. chabrolii, N. sphaerophora, N. cupressiformis, N. albida, and N. galbuloides.
Melanocortinergic activation by melanotan II inhibits feeding and increases uncoupling protein 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in the developing rat.

The hypothalamic neurocircuitry that regulates energy homeostasis in adult rats is not fully developed until the third postnatal week. In particular, fibers from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, including both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and α-MSH fibers, do not begin to innervate downstream hypothalamic targets until the second postnatal week. However, α-MSH fibers from the brainstem and melanocortin receptors are present in the hypothalamus at birth. The present study investigated the melanocortin system in the early postnatal period by examining effects of the melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan II (MTII) on body weight, energy expenditure, and hypothalamic NPY expression. Rat pups were injected ip with MTII (3 mg/kg body weight) or saline on postnatal day (P) 5 to P6, P10–P11, or P15–P16 at 1700 and 0900 h and then killed at 1300 h. Stomach weight and brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 mRNA were determined. In addition, we assessed central c-Fos activation 90 min after MTII administration and hyp...
Design, fabrication, and measurement of RF IDTs for efficient coupling to wavelength-scale structures in thin piezoelectric films

Transducers are designed and fabricated that produce a Gaussian acoustic beam in a 750 nm thick suspended aluminum nitride membrane. The properties of the acoustic beam formed by the transducer are studied by means of a scanning confocal balanced homodyne interferometer, which we use for Doppler vibrometery. We also study the RF transmission properties of the acoustic beams as they interact with sub-wavelength aperture waveguides.
Natal insect experience with Arabidopsis thaliana plant genotypes influences plasticity in oviposition behavior

Previous studies have shown that insect experience with secondary chemicals present in different plant species can induce behavioral changes in female oviposition preferences. However, there is a lack of information on whether insect experience with intraspecific plant variation may influence oviposition behavior. The prediction that experience with plant genotypes would affect the oviposition behavior of two crucifer insect pests was tested using a wild ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae) (Col-0) and two of its genetically modified lines (35S:ESP and tgg1 tgg2), which differ in their glucosinolate hydrolysis profiles. Choice oviposition assays were performed using both naive and experienced females of the specialist Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and the generalist Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In addition to oviposition preferences, the effect of plant genetic lines was assessed on insect traits related to development, growth, survival, and fecundity. Experience with different natal treatments (i.e., artificial diet and plant genotypes) led to changes in oviposition behavior of the diamondback moth P. xylostella; however, this effect was dependent on the specific genetic lines included in dual-choice oviposition assays. In addition, for both moth species, experience led to female oviposition choices that would have maximized fitness of their offspring. In summary, this article suggests that insect experience with plant genotypes varying in their secondary metabolites can influence subsequent oviposition behavior. This outcome may have implications for plant-insect coevolution and integrated pest management.
Deoxyribonucleoproteins of Cell Nuclei: Sensitivity to X-Rays

STUDIES of aqueous systems of intact deoxyribonucleoproteins1 showed that they were markedly unstable. Storage at 2°–5° C. for 24–36 hr. produced a substantial depolymerization of the deoxyribonucleic acid component. This is in marked contrast to the stability of dissociated nucleoproteins in 1.0 M sodium chloride. It was felt that this instability might be functionally significant in the mechanism of radiation effects on biological systems. Studies were therefore made of the effects of X-radiation on aqueous nucleoprotein gels.
Nonlinear optical properties of confined excitons in clusters

Size effects in femtosecond photon echo spectroscopy of neat clusters are calculated using a quasiparticle representation of the nonlinear response. We extend our previous study of cooperative effects on the nonlinear response of assemblies of two level molecules [J. A. Leegwater and S. Mukamel, Phys. Rev. A46, 452 (1992)] to allow for nuclear motion and to have an s-p model of polarizable atoms. Photon echos in Benzene/Argon clusters are calculated using a semiclassical phase averaging procedure [L. E. Fried and S. Mukamel, Adv. Chem. Phys. (in Press)].
Eigenstructure synthesis of an oblique wing flight control system

A flight control system design employing the recently developed linear control techniques of eigenstructure synthesis and command generator tracking is presented for an oblique wing fighter. The eigenvalues governing modal frequency and damping are developed such that the vehicle dynamics are compliant with MIL-F-8785c, "Flying Qualities of Piloted Aircraft."1 Eigenvectors are deterministically developed through output feedback in an attempt to achieve orthogonality, decoupling the symmetric and asymmetric modes of motion. The design is unique in that longitudinal and lateral/directional SAS are developed simultaneously using the same linear model. A simplified constrained controller is examined weighing complexity against performance, after which feed-forward gains are developed to translate desired pilot control to multisurface commands. For example, the NASA Oblique Wing Research Aircraft (OWRA) in transonic flight with the wing highly swept is presented as a demanding situation.
The chromatography of phosphatides on silicic acid-impregnated filter paper

Abstract Techniques for the uniform impregnation of filter paper with silicic acid for the chromatography of phosphatides under controlled conditions are described.
Soviet/U.S./Canadian cooperative cruises successful

Three legs of an expedition aboard the Soviet ship R/V Akademik Alexandr Vinogradov involving the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and several U.S. and Canadian groups were successfully completed between April and July 1991. The cooperative program was initiated in 1988 by Mikhail F. Stashchuk, who headed the Processes of Mineral Formation Laboratory at the Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, and James R. Hein of the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif. Stashchuk, a renowned Soviet geologist and geochemist, passed away on March 5 at age 60.
Where's love in e-waste?

This workshop focuses on how the notion of love can help explore and define participatory strategies targeted at dealing with issues surrounding e-waste. In particular, the workshop aims to leverage Participatory Design practice in transforming people's relationships with e-waste from negative affective relationships into positive ones through engagement, co-creation, and group envisioning. The workshop focuses particularly on existent e-waste, accepting it as an (unfortunate) outcome of current production strategies in need of change.
A High-Speed Arithmetic Unit Using Tunnel Diodes

This paper describes a high-speed arithmetic unit which utilizes a ``sub-multiple algorithm'' in both multiplication and division. The organization and circuits, which make the algorithm practical and economical, are presented. High performance in the unit is achieved by the use of tunnel diodes in four key areas, namely, in a tunnel diode memory using nondestructive readout, in the memory selection drivers, in a tunnel diode adder and in a bidirectional shift register. The unit performs a fixed point binary multiplication and division of two 44-bit operands in 2.75 ?sec and 12 ?sec, respectively. An experimental arithmetic unit has been built and operated in conjunction with a computer.1 Propagation delays of less than 2.2 nanoseconds were achieved between logic stages of a 48-bit binary full adder. Some results of the evaluation tests are also discussed.
Study of N–H Frequencies in Some Metal-Halide Chelates of O -Phenylenediamine

The infrared studies in connection with the bidentate complexes of o-phenylenediamine were directed toward the study of N–H vibrations. Similar investigations have been undertaken with regard to the N–H stretching and bending vibrations of aniline and α-naphthylamine. Deuteration studies were made. As a result of these studies and by comparison with the assignment of frequencies made in the above mentioned investigations, stretching, scissors, and wagging frequencies are assigned to the chelates of o-phenylenediamine. The absorption in the region of ND2 wagging vibrations of the deuterated palladium complex failed to show splitting and therefore coupling with the C–H out-of-plane vibrations, as was evident in the spectra of the corresponding complexes of α-napthylamine and aniline.
Asymmetric Syntheses of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphates with Saturated and Unsaturated Side Chains through Catalytic Asymmetric Phosphorylation

Highly direct asymmetric syntheses of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) in each enantiomerically pure form have been achieved. The key step involves catalytic asymmetric phosphorylation of meso-myo-inositol derivatives through desymmetrization. Protecting group schemes have been employed that allow for synthesis of PI3P with either saturated or arachidonate side chains, in analogy to the naturally occurring systems. Syntheses in each enantiomeric series are reported that rely on the choice of enantioselective peptide-based catalyst to define the enantiomeric series in which the syntheses are carried out.
Effect of Thunderstorms upon the Ionosphere

MORGANTOWN, West Virginia, U.S.A., is situated on the western slope of the Appalachian Mountains, which run in a south-westerly direction. These mountains cause a great deal of variation in the signal strength of the broadcasting stations along the Atlantic coast as received in Morgantown, and also affect the short-wave band.
Adrenal Cortical Control of the Appearance of Rat Slow Alpha 2 -globulin

WE have previously shown1 that the appearance of slow alpha2-globulin among the blood serum proteins of the rat after the administration of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of Salmonella abortus equi is prevented by adrenalectomy. The slow alpha2-globulin response to this agent can be restored in the adrenalectomized rat by the administration of corticosterone. We wish to demonstrate that this adrenal cortical control is complete when certain other provoking agents or situations are used, but that the control is not complete when the provoking situation is immediately post-partum.
A critique of connectionist semantics

Amongst modellers ofnatural language comprehension, the suspicion that explicit semantic representations are inherently biased has led many to rely more heavily on the ability of networks to form their own internal semantic representations over the course of training. The concern over explicit semantics, however, betrays a lack of appreciation for the manner in which insidious biases can and cannot creep into models of comprehension. In fact, the trend of relying on networks to form their own internal semantic representations has done little to curtail one common form of insidious bias. Where models of natural language comprehension are concerned, the cause of inappropriate biases has everything to do with the manner in which regularities find their way into sentence/meaning pairs and little or nothing to do with the degree to which semantic information is made explicit. This is fortunate, as there may be drawbacks to relying too heavily on the ability of networks to form their own internal semantic repre...
Impairment of muscle function caused by mutations of phosphorylation sites in myosin regulatory light chain

Myosin regulatory light chain is phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase at conserved serine and threonine residues in a number of species. Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain regulates smooth muscle contraction, but appears to have a modulatory role in striated muscle contraction. We assessed the in vivo role of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation in the striated muscles of Drosophila melanogaster by substituting alanine at each or both conserved myosin light chain kinase-dependent phosphorylation sites, serine 66 and serine 67. We report here that myosin light chain kinase-dependent phosphorylation is not required for myofibrillogenesis or for the development of maximal isometric force in indirect flight muscles. However, mutants with substitutions at the major phosphorylation site (serine 66) or with the double substitutions had reduced power output in isolated flight muscle fibres and reduced flight ability, showing that myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation is a key determinant of the stretch activation response in Drosophila.
The prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures during 1980–1988

Two hundred and eighty-one strains of enterococci isolated from blood cultures of 281 consecutive patients during 1980-1988 and 108 strains of enterococci isolated from miscellaneous clinical materials during 1988 were studied for high-level resistance (MIC greater than 2000 mg/l) to amikacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin. Before 1985 there was no enterococcal strain with high-level resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin or netilmicin, but 14% were resistant to kanamycin and 21% to streptomycin. For strains isolated from blood cultures during 1985-1988, the prevalence of high-level resistance was as follows: amikacin, less than 1%; kanamycin, 35%; streptomycin, 26%; gentamicin, 9%; tobramycin, 9%, netilmicin, 4%. Prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance of enterococci isolated from miscellaneous sources during 1988 was higher (amikacin, 5%; kanamycin, 37%; streptomycin, 31%; gentamicin, 24%, tobramycin, 27%; netilmicin, 10%). Among strains isolated from blood cultures between 1980-1984, 24% (30 of 126 strains) and among 1985-1988 strains, 40% (62 of 155 strains) were resistant to at least one of the aminoglycosides tested. Similarly, among the miscellaneous strains, 40% (43 of 108 strains) had high-level resistance to at least one of the aminoglycosides tested.
Fabrication and gas sensing performance of parallel assemblies of metal oxide nanotubes supported by porous aluminum oxide membranes

Abstract We describe a conductometric chemical sensor architecture based upon an assembly of parallel metal oxide nanotubes. In this design, an aluminum oxide membrane serves as both a template for growth of the sensing nanotubes and a scaffold to support the nanotubes and the top/bottom electrical contacts for sensing measurements. Important advantages of this sensing architecture are: (1) analyte molecules are detected within the nanotube interior thereby maximizing sensitivity; and (2) metal contacts for resistance measurements are easily and reproducibly established at the ends of the nanotubes. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept for this approach by fabricating and evaluating tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanotube-based conductometric devices. Nanotubes are formed in membrane pores (diameter ≈200 nm, length ≈60 μm) by sol–gel deposition and characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thin film Au contacts are deposited on the top/bottom of the WO3-coated membranes such that the tube-ends remain open, enabling conductometric sensing along the length of the WO3 nanotubes. The nanotube assemblies detect oxidizing (nitrogen dioxide) and reducing (methanol) gases at 200 °C, and exhibit responses two to three orders-of-magnitude greater than a planar WO3-film sensor. The enhanced sensitivity is attributed to the large surface area presented by the interior of the nanotube assemblies.
Timing and Location of Spawning by Nonnative Wild Rainbow Trout and Native Cutthroat Trout in the South Fork Snake River, Idaho, with Implications for Hybridization

Abstract Our goal was to assess the likelihood of hybridization between introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and native Yellowstone (YS) cutthroat trout O. clarki bouvieri, based upon habitat use and temporal overlap during spawning. We used radio transmitters in 1996 and 1997 to describe the spawning behavior of rainbow trout, hybrids of rainbow trout and YS cutthroat trout, and YS cutthroat trout (1997 only). Fish displayed two distinct spawning strategies, either spawning in side channels of the main stem (9 rainbow trout, 14 hybrids, and 10 YS cutthroat trout) or in tributaries (5 rainbow trout, 3 hybrids, and 7 YS cutthroat trout). Within the main stem, the majority of rainbow trout and YS cutthroat trout migrated to the same 8-km section to spawn, whereas hybrid trout spawned throughout the study site. The median spawning date for main-stem-spawning YS cutthroat trout (June 9) was significantly later than for rainbow trout (May 19) and hybrids (May 18). However, long spawning periods for rai...
The Soviet Bar in Search of a New Role

A new spirit is abroad among advocates (practicing lawyers) in the Soviet Union. The policy of "openness" (glasnost') adopted by the Communist Party has allowed the bar to air long-held grievances and to mobilize for reform. This new spirit is reflected in a collection of short essays in Russian by 30 Soviet advocates and legal scholars. This collection is entitled Advokatura i sovremennost' (The Bar and the Present Day).' The volume was prepared jointly by the Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. and the colleges of advocates of the city and region of Moscow. The essays are frank in criticizing the courts and the Ministry of Justice, which regulates the Soviet bar. This candor is possible in part because of recently relaxed standards of censorship.2 Contributors to The Bar and the Present Day seek (1) greater autonomy for the bar, (2) an improved image for the bar, and (3) criminal procedure reforms to overcome anti-advocate bias on the part of judges and state investigators.
Analytic design of active vehicular safety systems in sparse traffic

We propose a design methodology to determine the optimal transmission parameters for delay-critical safety applications in vehicular ad hoc networks. We develop a model to characterize the delay requirements needed to prevent rear-end collisions. By adopting a stochastic geometry framework to simultaneously address multi-user interference, path loss, and fading, we then analytically derive the transmission rate, range, and channel access probability of the nodes that satisfy the delay requirement at a target success probability.
On energy harvesting module for scalable cognitive autonomous nondestructive sensing network (SCANSn) system for bridge health monitoring

The SCANS n is a structural health monitoring (SHM) system is being developed by Acellent Technologies to monitor steel bridges. The required voltage of the system is 14.4 V for active scanning, and the power consumption is approximately 8 W. The investigated energy harvesting from both solar and thermal sources to recharge the lithium-ion battery of the system. A solar panel and a Thermal Electric Generator (TEG) are used to harvest ambient energy. The thermoelectric device is placed in a Fresnel dome to maximize the temperature gradient of the TEG. During shading of the solar panel, the TEG continues to supply power to the battery charger. Since the output voltages and currents of the solar and thermal energy harvesters vary significantly, the energy harvesting module is constructed by two buck-boost converters operating in parallel. Maximal Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is employed for the buck-boost converter for the solar panel, while a fixed duty cycle converter is used for the TEG due to substantially lower power compared with the solar panel. The system design and measured results of a prototype system are presented. Our prototype system successfully demonstrates that the SCANS n system can be powered by the energy harvested from solar and thermal.
Effects of streptonigrin on nucleic acid metabolism of tissue culture cells

Streptonigrin produced inhibition of cell division and changes in the morphological appearance of the cell nuclei in tissue culture cells. Streptonigrin caused depression of [14C]glycine incorporation into RNA, DNA and protein fractions, and of [14C]adenine, into RNA and DNA of the cells. It also depressed the [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA to about the same degree. Streptonigrin inhibited both the RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) and DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) systems in vitro. These results indicated that streptonigrin inhibited both DNA and RNA synthesis. Streptonigrin and/or its metabolite(s) was found to bind preferentially to DNA. There was no evidence that this resulted in fragmentation of DNA to low molecular weight compounds. Esterification of streptonigrin with methyl alcohol or bridging of the amino-quinone function with the isopropylidene-aza group reduced the toxicity of the compound to the cells.
Measurements of the kinetics of the OH-initiated oxidation of α-pinene: Radical propagation in the OH+α-pinene+O2+NO reaction system

Abstract The mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of α -pinene in the presence of NO has been investigated using a discharge-flow system at 5 Torr and 300 K. The OH concentration was monitored as a function of reaction time by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The rate constant for the OH+ α -pinene was measured to be (6.09±0.30)×10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 . OH radical regeneration was observed after addition of O 2 and NO, and the measured OH concentration profiles were compared to simulations based on both the Master Chemical Mechanism and the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism for α -pinene oxidation in order to determine the ability of these mechanisms to describe the observed efficiency of radical propagation. Both models are able to reproduce the observed OH concentrations profiles to within 30%. However, expanding the MCM to include isomerization of the β -hydroxy alkoxy radicals improves the agreement with the experimental observations.
A Comparison of Assessment Tasks Used to Measure FL Reading Comprehension

prehension as a "constructive" and "active process" that entails "relating new and incoming information to information already stored in memory" (10: p. 191).' According to Bernhardt's constructivist model (12), this "active process" of relating new information to old is an interplay between text-based components, such as word and syntactic feature recognition, and extratextor reader-based components, such as prior knowledge and the perception of explicit and implicit intratextual relationships. These components interact differently according to text topic, rhetorical organization, readers' background knowledge, and linguistic proficiency. As a result of these numerous reader and text variables, there cannot be "one
Compatible multiplex closed-circuit television and analog data recording.

An economical system is described for multichannel recording of analog signals on a videotape recorder. The instrument digitizes each analog signal at a rate of 60 Hz and is suitable for continuous recording of low-frequency phenomena commonly monitored in microcirculatory studies. The system provides complete synchronization with real-time video information on the same black and white videotape recorder without interference with the normal picture.