cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leaves with isolated ends in foliated 3-manifolds

RECENTLY, various authors have initiated a qualitative study of noncompact leaves in foliations of closed manifolds (e.g. [19,11,3, IS]). We continue this line of investigation for closed 3-manifolds foliated by surfaces. We will need the concept of ends of an open, connected manifold N[l, 17,111. These ends form a set 8(N) of ideal points at infinity in a compactication N U g(N) of the manifold. For instance, R has two ends ( 2 00) as does the cylinder S’ x R. The corresponding compactification of R is a closed interval [ 00, a] and that of S’ x R is a sphere S* with +w for the north pole and 00 for the south pole. More complicated examples are suggested in Fig. 1, where Nr has a sequence of isolated ends converging to one limit end, and N2 has isolated ends converging to first order limit ends, themselves converging to one second order limit end. Again the compactifications are homeomorphic to S*. As these examples suggest, 8(N) is always a compact, totally disconnected, separable space. The ends of a leaf L often become visible in terms of simpler leaves around which these ends are winding. There results a kind of Poincare-Bendixson theory for foliations of codimension one, of which we hope to give a more systematic account elsewhere. In this paper we restrict ourselves to leaves that are orientable surfaces and to ends that are isolated in ‘8(L), in which case the PoincarbBendixson theory is rather elementary. A leaf L in a compact manifold M has a well defined quasi-isomefry fype[l5]. That is, arbitrary Riemannian metrics relativized from A4 to L produce Riemannian structures on L that differ only up to bounded distortions. By now it is becoming clear that the question of what a leaf “looks like” should refer to the quasi-isometry type of L and not merely to its underlying
Toward a Reconceptualization of the Developmental Model

Although most early intervention program providers have relied on the developmental model for their theoretical underpinnings, there has been continued controversy over the applicability of this mo...
Calculation of transfer characteristics from measured harmonic levels

Much has been published on the evaluation of harmonics and intermodulation products generated in nonlinear devices. The inverse problem, i.e. the derivation of the nonlinear characteristic from measured harmonic levels, is sometimes of interest, although it has been only sketchily treated in the literature. The present note supplies the fundamental formulas required for this problem.
Symbol, Motif and Leitmotif in Fontane's Effi Briest

(1979). Symbol, Motif and Leitmotif in Fontane's Effi Briest. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 115-124.
Lycopene attenuates alcoholic apoptosis in HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1.

Abstract To test the hypothesis that ethanol-induced hepatic apoptosis is secondary to the oxidative stress generated by cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), we assessed the effects of the carotenoid lycopene, a potent antioxidant extracted from tomatoes, on oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1 (2E1 cells). These were exposed for 5 days to 100 mM ethanol and 10 μM lycopene or an equal volume of placebo (vehicle). Ethanol significantly increased apoptosis measured by flow cytometry and by TUNEL assay. This was accompanied by an ethanol-induced oxidative stress: hydrogen peroxide production was significantly increased and mitochondrial GSH was strikingly decreased. Both were restored by lycopene, with a significant decrease in apoptosis. The placebo had no protective effect. In conclusion, Lycopene opposes the ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in 2E1 cells. The parallelism between these effects suggests a causal link. Furthermore, these beneficial effects and the innocuity of lycopene now justify an in vivo trial.
Integrating cognitive apprenticeship methods in a Web-based educational technology course for P-12 teacher education

The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of a cognitive apprenticeship model in a Web-based course. The subject of this study is an educational technology course for pre-service P-12 teacher education students. Specifically, this study presents student reports of how cognitive apprenticeship methods impacted student learning processes of (a) technology skills and (b) technology integration methods for teaching. The methodological framework for this qualitative investigation is an interpretive case study. Student reflections and teacher observations revealed that students found modeling, coaching, scaffolding, and exploration key to fostering skill knowledge, and they found the use of cognitive apprenticeship methods fostered an understanding of integrating technology for teaching and learning.
Multivariate analysis of cognitive and temperament measures in 24-month-old adoptive and nonadoptive sibling pairs

Abstract The genetic and environmental etiologies of covariation among measures of temperament (the Bayley Infant Behavior Record's Affect and Task Orientation Scales and the first principal component from the New York Longitudinal Study's difficult temperament items) and cognition (the Bayley Mental Development Index [MDI] and the total score on the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development [SICD] were assessed at 24 months of age in 70 biologically related and 66 unrelated pairs of siblings in the Colorado Adoption Project. Between- and within-pair mean cross products were equated to expectations using the LISREL multiple-group specification (Fulker, Baker and Bock, 1983) to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of genetic and environmental factor loadings and specific variances. The full one-factor model, with one general factor and five specific factors, provides a satisfactory fit to the data (χ2 = 27.8, df = 30, P = 0.58). Genetic influences are important for the Bayley MDI and SICD languages measures, but not for temperament measures. Little or no evidence was found for shared-sibling environmental influences for any of the measures. Various hypotheses regarding genetic and environmental correlation structures were also tested.
Neural network optimization based on improved diploidic genetic algorithm

In this paper, a kind of improved method of diploid genetic algorithm (DGA) without considering the dominant and recessive of the allele is given directed at the disadvantages of DGA which are easy to fall into premature convergence and have low efficiency in late period local searching. Improved the genetic operation process by imitating the reproductive processes of diplont and adopting the process of gametes recombination and homologous chromosomes chiasma. United the advantages of genetic algorithm and neural network, a new neural network structure contacted with the diploid genetic algorithm closely is designed. This scheme combines the strong global search capability of genetic algorithm and self-learning ability of neural network. Then applied the method to the complex multi-peak function optimization. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can keep the population diversity and repressed the premature convergence effectively. The neural network optimization based on diploid genetic algorithm increased the convergence speed and accuracy, and ensured the global optimal.
Comparative radiochromatographic carbohydrate analysis of rabbit anti-hapten IgG antibodies of various affinities☆

Abstract Hexosamine, mannose and galactose content of rabbit normal IgG and rabbit purified anti-hapten antibody IgG populations were determined by the radiochromatographic carbohydrate analysis. Carbohydrate analyses were performed on antibodies obtained at three time points after primary immunization and two time points after secondary immunization with DNP† conjugated proteins. Average sugar values per mole of anti-DNP antibody populations were: hexosamine, 13·2 moles; galactose; 3·1 moles; and mannose, 6·1 moles. For comparison, average values for the monosaccharide content per mole of normal rabbit IgG were: hexosamine, 13·0 moles; galactose, 2·3 moles; and mannose, 6·4 moles. Characterization of rabbit anti-DNP antibody populations by average intrinsic association constant (K0) and heterogeneity index (a) showed that the antibodies analyzed were typical (i.e. binding constants and heterogeneity increased throughout the response). Concomitant with the large degree of antigen binding variability, variations were measured in the monosaccharide content of the IgG antibody molecules.
DIFFUSION OF NEUTRAL AND CHARGED SPECIES UNDER SMALL- SIGNAL A.C. CONDITIONS *

Abstract Several of the ways in which diffusion of an electroactive species may affect the small-signalresponse of an electrochemical system are examined, with particular attention to cases in which the electrode reaction produces or consumes a neutral species whose concentration at the electrode surface is determined by diffusion through the electrode. The conventional (time domain) rate and diffusion equations may be expressed in the frequency domain through the use of complex, frequency-dependent rate constants, whose form reflects the sequence of events in the overall reaction, including possible adsorption steps, and leads directly to equivalent-circuit representations of the pertinent parts of the system response. The complex rate constant formalism also allows the immediate generalization of existing exact treatments of unsupported systems to include such diffusion effects.
Laboratory investigations of enhanced sulfate reduction as a groundwater arsenic remediation strategy.

Landfills have the potential to mobilize arsenic via induction of reducing conditions in groundwater and subsequent desorption from or dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron phases. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with materials from a landfill where such processes are occurring. These experiments explored the potential for induced sulfate reduction to immobilize dissolved arsenic in situ. The native microbial community at this site reduced sulfate in the presence of added acetate. Acetate respiration and sulfate reduction were observed concurrent with dissolved iron concentrations initially increasing from 0.6 μM (0.03 mg L-1) to a maximum of 111 μM (6.1 mg L-1) and subsequently decreasing to 0.74 μM (0.04 mg L-1). Dissolved arsenic concentrations initially covaried with iron but subsequently increased again as sulfide accumulated, consistent with the formation of soluble thioarsenite complexes. Dissolved arsenic concentrations subsequently decreased again from a maximum of 2 μM (148 μg L-1...
For whom the bell alternatives toll: demographics of residential facilities-based telecommunications competition in the United States ☆

Abstract This research uses web client automation to identify a large sample of residential facilities-based customers of competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs). The research examines demographics of the Census block groups where the identified customers live, and compares the profiles to the corresponding counties and states. As expected, the results suggest a community's proximity to business matters, and persons in Census block groups with residential facilities-based competition tend to have higher average income and educational achievement levels. Importantly, low-income households appear not to be left behind, which may speak to the efficacy of income-based support programs such as Lifeline and Link-Up.
Multicenter ProstaScint imaging findings in 2154 patients with prostate cancer

Abstract Objectives. To report the results of a retrospective study of 2290 ProstaScint scans of 2154 patients with prostate carcinoma done at 15 institutions. Methods. The results were analyzed by logistic regression after stratification of the patients into four groups: group 1, newly diagnosed; group 2, after radical prostatectomy with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level; group 3, after radiation therapy with a rising PSA level; and group 4, after hormonal therapy. Results. The PSA level and ProstaScint scans positive in the prostate bed (P Conclusions. The results of this study underscore the complementary diagnostic value of ProstaScint to PSA level and Gleason score as an independent indicator of prostate cancer recurrence and metastases and in identifying extrapelvic metastases in both newly diagnosed and recurrent prostate cancer.
Resonant electron capture to high Rydberg states of Ca II

The dielectronic recombination cross section for the Ca II ion is calculated for the process in which the $4s$ electron is excited to the $4p$ state as the projectile electron is captured to a high Rydberg state ($\mathrm{nl}$). The cross section, averaged over a bin size of 0.3 eV, exhibits a peak of 1.8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, while a cutoff for $nl~80$ reduces this to 2.3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The recent crossed-beam experiment gives a cross section of 1.8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ which is at least seven times larger than the theoretical value.
High-resolution Niche Models via a Correlative Approach: Comparing and Combining Correlative and Process-based Information

a b s t r a c t Correlative and process-based approaches to describing the ecological niche in a spatially explicit fashion have often been compared in an adversarial framework. We sought to compare niche models developed via classic (correlative only), niche (process-based information), and hybridized (correlative augmented with process-based derived information) approaches, with the goal of determining if the added effort of process-based model development yielded better model fit. Correlative data layers (i.e., habitat models) included vegetation community types, Euclidean distance statistics, neighborhood analyses, and topographically-derived information. Mechanistic data layers were estimates of thermal suitability derived from field-collected datasets and biophysical calculations, and estimates of prey biomass inter- polated from monitoring stations. We applied these models at high resolution (1 m × 1 m pixel size) to habitat occupied by a population of Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) located in central Okla- homa. Results suggested that our treatment of process-based information offered dramatically better identification of suitable habitat when compared to correlative information, but that these results were likely due to low variability of niche variable pixel values. Niche layers nearly perfectly predicted lizard locations; the interpretation of these results suggest that lizards occupy habitat based on thermal suit- ability over the duration of a field season. Given the low variability observed in thermal suitability layers, we question the ecological reality of these predictions. Correlative models may accurately describe the niche at small spatial scales, and may suffice in situations where time and financial resources are limiting constraints on project goals. Process-based information continues to be an important part of the niche, and may offer additional predictive accuracy via correlative approaches when included in an ecologically meaningful context. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Control case approach to record and model non-functional requirements

While the functional requirements of a system can be effectively modeled through the use case driven approach, there is no standard or de facto method for modeling non-functional requirements (NFR) of the system architecture. Often such requirements are dealt with in a reactive manner, rather than proactively. Yet increasingly a contributing factor in project difficulty and failure are the NFR imposed on the solution architecture. This paper outlines a control case approach to record and model NFR. This technique enables the control case to represent the NFR from different perspectives, most typically the various operating conditions. We also propose an extension to the “4 + 1” view model for depicting software architecture by adding the control case view. In addition, a detailed control case modeling example is illustrated to demonstrate how these techniques may be applied during development. Taken together, we suggest that the combination of both the use case and control case views thus reflects the complete requirements across the collective system life cycle views: design, process, implementation and deployment.
Microwave-initiated living free radical polymerization: optimization of the preparative scale synthesis of Rasta resins

Abstract Microwave heating of high-loading TEMPO-methyl resin with functionalized styrenyl monomers in an ADVANCER™ preparative scale microwave synthesizer affords larger resin beads (>375 μm) via living free radical polymerization (LFRP). Unlike homogeneous MAOS reactions, the heterogeneous LFRP reaction is not directly scalable and required significant optimization. Under modified conditions, high-loading Rasta resins (>3.8 mmol/g) are reproducibly obtained in 40–100 g quantities.
Understanding facilities design parameters for a remanufacturing system

Remanufacturing is rapidly becoming a very important element in the economies of the world. Products such as washing machines, clothes driers, automobile parts, cell phones and a wide range of consumer durable goods are being reclaimed and sent through processes that restore these products to levels of operating performance that are as good or better than their new product performance. The operations involved in the remanufacturing process add several new dimensions to the work that must be performed. Disassembly is an operation that rarely appears on the operations chart of a typical production facility. The inspection and test functions in remanufacturing most often involve several more tasks than those involved in the first time manufacturing cycle. A close evaluation of most any remanufacturing operation reveals several points in the process in which parts must be cleaned, tested and stored. Although several researchers have focused their work on optimizing the disassembly function and the inspection, test and store functions, very little research has been devoted to studying the impact of the facilities design on the effectiveness of the remanufacturing process. The purpose of this paper will be to delineate the differences between first time manufacturing operations and remanufacturing operations for durable goods and to identify the features of the facilities design that must be considered if the remanufacturing operations are to be effective.
Delimiting Aristotle's Conception of Stasis in the Politics

Some scholars have claimed that Aristotle uses the word " stasis " to refer to any sort of conflict in the political realm, covering everything from civil-war to social rivalry. After developing an interpretation of Politics V.1-4, where Aristotle discusses the topic at length, I argue that he is in fact carefully delimiting the concept of stasis so that it applies only to civil-war and open sedition, showing how his analysis excludes partisan antipathy, legal disputes, and political competition. I conclude with some reflections on the significance of this position: by defining stasis narrowly, Aristotle not only offers a profound critique of Plato's theory of regime change, but adopts a position that allows his political philosophy to be relevant for modern theories requiring acceptance rather than rejection of conflict in the political realm.
COSN'13 keynote speaker (Jaron Lanier biography)

A Renaissance Man for the 21st century, Jaron Lanier is a computer scientist, composer, artist, and author who writes on numerous topics, including high-technology business, the social impact of technology, the philosophy of consciousness and information, Internet politics, and the future of humanism. In 2010, Lanier was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time Magazine. He has also been named one of top one hundred public intellectuals in the world by Prospect and Foreign Policy magazines, and one of history's 300 or so greatest inventors in the Encyclopedia Britannica. In 2009 Jaron Lanier received a Lifetime Career Award from the IEEE, the preeminent international engineering society. A pioneer in virtual reality (a term he coined), Lanier founded VPL Research, the first company to sell VR products, and led teams creating VR applications for medicine, design, and numerous other fields. He is currently a computer scientist at Microsoft Research. In January 2010, Knopf published Lanier's book You Are Not a Gadget, A Manifesto, which became a New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Boston Globe bestseller. You Are Not a Gadget was chosen as one of the best books of the year by Time Magazine and The New York Times, among others.Lanier's writing appears in Discover, The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Harpers Magazine, Atlantic, Wired Magazine (where he was a founding contributing editor), and Scientific American. He has appeared on TV shows such as PBS NewsHour, Nightline and Charlie Rose, and has been profiled on the front pages of The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times multiple times. Jaron Lanier is also a musician and artist. He has been active in the world of new "classical" music since the late '70s, and writes chamber and orchestral works. He is a pianist and a specialist in unusual and historical musical instruments, and maintains one of the largest and most varied collections of actively played instruments in the world. Recent works include a symphony with full choral settings about William Shakespeare's contemporary and friend Amelia Lanier, commissioned for the Bach Festival Society of Winter Park. He has performed with a wide range of musicians, including Philip Glass, Yoko Ono, Ornette Coleman, George Clinton, and Steve Reich. He composes and performs frequently on film soundtracks.
A UNIFORM ERROR BOUND FOR THE OVERRELAXATION METHODS

Abstract Let A x = b be a system of linear equations where A is symmetric and positive definite. Suppose that the associated block Jacobi matrix B is consistently ordered, weekly cyclic of index 2, and convergent [i.e., μ 1 ≔ ϱ ( B ) n + 1 = T ω x n + c ω for n ⩾ 0, to solve the system. We derive a uniform error bound for the overrelaxation methods, ∥x−x n ∥ 2 ⩽ 1 [1+s(μ 1 2 ) + t(μ 1 2 )] 2 x (t 0 + |t 1 |μ 1 2 ) 2 ∥δ n ∥ 2 − 2t 0 〈δ n ,δ n+1 〉 +|t 1 |μ 1 2 ∥δ n ∥∥δ n+1 ∥+∥δ n+1 ∥ 2 where ∥ · ∥ = ∥ · ∥ 2 , δ n = x n − x n − 1 , and s ( μ 2 ) and t ( μ 2 ) ≔ t 0 + t 1 μ 2 are two coefficients of the corresponding functional equation connecting the eigenvalues λ of T ω to the eigenvalues μ of B . As special cases of the uniform error bound, we will give two error bounds for the SSOR and USSOR methods.
Giant Pulmonary Valve Cyst in a 7-Year-Old Child

This report describes the diagnosis and surgical management of a pulmonary valve cystic mass in a symptomatic 7-year-old boy. Cardiac valve cysts are extremely rare beyond the age of 6 months and typically not associated with symptoms. These lesions may grow, leading to progressive stenosis, regurgitation, or ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Therefore, these lesions should be monitored for change in size and/or, hemodynamic changes. Surgical intervention may be required for symptomatic patients.
Pion-Nucleon Elastic Scattering at 310 MeV: Phase-Shift Analysis

A phase-shift analysis of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}p$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}p$ elastic scattering at 310 MeV has been performed. The data include differential and total cross section and recoil-proton polarization data for both ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}p$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}p$ elastic scattering, as well as differential cross-section data for charge-exchange scattering. Inclusion of $d$ waves was necessary to attain an adequate fit to the data; in the case of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}p$ differential cross section, the best fit included $f$ waves. A general phase-shift search using $s$, $p$, and $d$ waves was carried out; a single solution was obtained that adequately fit all the available data. The most notable characteristics of this solution are isotopic-spin 3/2 phase shifts similar to those obtained in a previous analysis of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}p$ data and a relatively large ${D}_{1,5}$ phase shift equal to approximately 15 deg. Errors on the isotopic-spin 1/2 phase shifts of this solution range from 0.3 to 0.9 deg. The isotopic-spin 3/2 phase-shift errors are similar to those obtained previously. Because the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}p$ differential cross section data indicated a possible need for $f$ waves, and since the only satisfactory $\mathrm{spd}$ solution displayed a large $d$-wave phase shift in the isotopic-spin 1/2 state, the analysis was extended to include $f$ waves. The result of allowing $f$ waves was to increase the errors on each of the phase shifts (up to about 2 deg), and also to introduce two new solutions, neither of which can be ruled out statistically. These new solutions are similar to the $d$-wave solution in the isotopic-spin 3/2 phase shifts, but vary rather widely in isotopic-spin 1/2 phase shifts. Inelastic scattering processes were neglected throughout most of the analysis; however, a study of their effects on the final solutions was made and these effects were seen to be unimportant.
Concurrent Relationships between Two Behavioral Rating Scales for Teachers: An Examination of Self Control, Social Competence, and School Behavioral Adjustment.

This investigation describes the uses and concurrent relations of two behavioral rating scales for teachers: The Teacher's Self-Control Rating Scale (TSCRS) and The Walker-McConnell Scale of Social Competence and School Adjustment. Both instruments were completed by the regular classroom teachers of 92 students who were referred to multidisciplinary teams because of perceived academic problems. Pearson product-moment correlations between the two instruments were all statistically significant, indicating moderate to high levels of concurrent validity between the two instruments and significant overlap between the constructs they measure, particularly the constructs of behavioral self-control and school behavioral adjustment. Comparisons of the study population with instrument norm scores of typical students indicated that the referred group was rated as having significantly lower levels of social-behavioral competency than the norm groups.
Estimation of shallow groundwater discharge and nutrient load into a river

Abstract Pollution of rivers with excess nutrients due to groundwater discharge, storm water runoff, surface loading, and atmospheric deposition is an increasing environmental concern worldwide. While the storm water runoff and surface loading of nutrients into many rivers have been explored in great detailed, the groundwater discharge of nutrients into the rivers has not yet been thoroughly quantified. This study ascertained the shallow groundwater discharges and nutrient loads into the Lower St. Johns River (LSJR), FL, USA. The groundwater discharges were obtained using Darcy's law along with field measured hydrological parameters, whereas the groundwater nutrient loads were calculated based on the groundwater discharges and the field measured nutrient concentrations. The average rate of groundwater discharge per unit cross-section area over the four selected sites along the LSJR was about 1.2 × 10 −2 m 3 m −2 d −1 . The average loads of groundwater nutrients into the adjacent LSJR were 10.6 and 5.6 mg m −2 d −1 , respectively, for nitrate- and nitrite-nitrogen (NO x -N) and total phosphorus (TP). In general, seasonal variations of the groundwater levels were larger than the river stages, whereas site variations of groundwater nutrient concentrations were larger than seasonal variations of groundwater nutrient concentrations. Results from this study are useful for estimation of groundwater contamination and river eutrophication.
ADAPTATION OF CUTANEOUS TACTILE RECEPTORS : IV. ELECTROLYTE CONTENT OF FROG SKIN.

The potassium content of the skin of Rana pipiens is found to be 132 m.g. per cent. This is roughly of the order of magnitude of the content of potassium in nerve. Analyses were also made of the skin for Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, S, and P.
Post-metamorphic change in activity metabolism of anurans in relation to life history

Newly-metamorphosed individuals of some species of frogs and toads differ from adults in behavior, ecology, and physiology. These differences may be related to broader patterns of the life histories of different species of frogs. In particular, the length of larval life and the size of a frog at metamorphosis appear to be significant factors in post-metamorphic ontogenetic change. These changes in performance are associated with rapid post-metamorphic increases in oxygen transport capacity.
WALL STRESSES BEFORE AND AFTER ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) technique is a minimally invasive procedure approach to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Following EVAR, isolated aortic tissue starts remodeling after the new blood path is established. The commercially available endovascular grafts (EVG) have been found to be prone to Type I endoleak, which is re-pressurization of the degenerated AAA sac following a breach in the seal mechanism of the EVG or migration due to failure of the mechanism holding the graft in place (Chuter, 2002) These inadequacies of EVGs might be attributed to the effect of non-optimal design of graft anchoring system. In the present study, we utilized pre-operative and post-operative computer tomography (CT) data with previously derived material properties to construct three-dimensional finite element (FE) models for AAA before and after the EVAR procedure. We studied the nature of stresses acting on the aorta before and after EVAR. In particular we investigated the physical forces acting on the EVG and how they are transferred to the aortic wall at graft anchoring sites.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Bulimia nervosa in Rochester, Minnesota from 1980 to 1990

Numerous studies have estimated the frequency of bulimia nervosa among high school girls and college women, but population-based trends in incidence in a community have not been reported.In this study we determined the incidence of bulimia nervosa by identifying persons residing in the community of Rochester, Minnesota, who had the disorder initially diagnosed during the 11-year period from 1980 to 1990. Using our comprehensive population-based data resource (the Rochester Epidemiology Project), we identified cases by screening 777 medical records with diagnoses of bulimia; feeding disturbance; rumination syndrome; adverse effects of cathartics, emetics, or diuretics; polyphagia; sialosis; or vomiting.We identified 103 Rochester residents (100 female and 3 male) who fulfilled DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa during the 11-year study period. Mean ± S.D. age for females at the time of diagnosis was 23·0 ± 6·1 years (range, 14·4 to 40·2 years). Yearly incidence in females rose sharply from 7·4 per 100000 population in 1980 to 49·7 in 1983, and then remained relatively constant around 30 per 100000 population. The annual age-adjusted incidence rates were 26·5 per 100000 population for females and 0·8 per 100000 population for males. The overall age-and sex-adjusted annual incidence was 13·5 per 100000 population.Bulimia nervosa is a common disorder in adolescent girls and young women from 15 to 24 years of age. Histories of alcohol or drug abuse, depression, or anorexia nervosa were higher than expected in the general population.
The Social Reality of Feeling Lonely Friendship and Reciprocation

Loneliness has been defined as a dissatisfaction with one's social relationships. It is not clear, however, if loneliness is associated with having fewer close friends or fewer friends in general. Furthermore, this loneliness may be expressed either as a lack of relationships or as a lack of closeness in relationships. Finally, the lack of intimacy may be perceived only by the lonely person and may not reflect how the relationship appears to the partner. A total of 22 female and 20 male freshmen filled out a loneliness scale and social network questionnaire. Friends of the female subjects were also asked to fill out the social network questionnaire. Lonely persons listed as many best friends as nonlonely persons and were equally likely to have this choice reciprocated. Lonely subjects, however, did perceive a significantly lower level of intimacy in these relationship than did nonlonely subjects, and their "best friends" validated this perception. Lonely subjects did not differ in the number of friends in...
Electrochemical detection of mercury adsorbed from flowing gas samples on porous carbon electrodes

The adsorption of mercury from flowing gas streams onto reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) is combined with postadsorption stripping voltammetric determination. This novel analytical method achieves gas stream detection limits of 1.1 μg/m3 for unmodified RVC electrodes at 52°C and 1.8 μg/m3 for modified RVC electrodes at 25°C. Due to the unique features of this detection technique, it is possible and feasible that it could be applied for mercury analysis in coal fired power plant plumes and waste incinerator stacks.
The role of cefotaxime in the treatment of surgical infection

This study examines the role of cefotaxime in the treatment of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive surgical infections. A dose of 2 g of cefotaxime will sustain peripheral compartment concentrations of 2.6, 3.9, 1.6, and 0.7 micrograms/ml for 6, 8, 10 and 12 h, respectively. Therefore, the proportion of pathogens with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) below the peripheral compartment cefotaxime concentrations was assessed as a measure of therapeutic potential. It was observed that bacterial elimination in infections correlates well with such pharmacodynamic predictions. Therefore, treatment recommendations for surgical infections are based on the following pharmacodynamics. The times above the MIC in the tissue compartment for various pathogens (1988-1994) known to cause surgical infections were: Escherichia coli, 12 h; all pyogenic streptococci, 12 h; pneumococci, 12 h; Haemophilus spp., 12 h; Proteus mirabilis, 12 h; Klebsiella spp., 10.9 h; viridans streptococci, 10.6 h; oxacillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative staphylococci, 9.7 h; Providencia spp., 9.2 h; Clostridium perfringens, 8.6 h; Peptostreptococcus spp., 8 h; oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, 7.3 h; and all S. aureus, 6.8 h. From the examination of pharmacodynamic parameters, cefotaxime appears to be a viable choice for the therapy of surgical infections other than the Gram-negative anaerobes. For those infections, metronidazole with cefotaxime would be preferred.
Evaluation and use of a serological assay for the detection of antibodies to Lawsonia intracellularis in swine

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is a common and economically important gastro-intestinal disease of swine caused by the intracellular bacterium, Lawsonia intracellularis. Conventional tests...
A Novel Object-Independent "Balanced" Reference Scan for Echo-Planar Imaging

Interleaved echo-planar imaging (EPI) is susceptible to significant ghosting artifacts, resulting primarily from system time delays that cause data matrix misregistration. Most EPI applications rely on ‘‘reference scans’’ to measure delays, and post-processing algorithms are used to correct these errors. Unfortunately, delay estimates made with most reference scan techniques are object dependent, since they are biased by magnetic field inhomogeneities and chemical shift. The current work describes the effects of field inhomogeneities and their influence on system time delay estimation. Subsequently, a new, object-independent ‘‘balanced’’ reference method using two readout echo trains is proposed for time delay measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:847‐852. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate: Regional Differences in Chick Embryos at the Head Process Stage

The concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate and the activity of phosphodiesterase were determined in different regions of chick embryos at the head process stage. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and phosphodiesterase were estimated to be higher in the mesoderm-forming portions of the hypoblast than in portions that form neural structures from Hensen's node or the epiblast.
Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia

Abstract The mechanisms underlying hyperalgesia have been intensively studied over the last decade using a variety of molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches. These experiments have led to the generalized scheme that persistent nociceptor input, as a result of tissue or nerve injury, removes a magnesium block on spinal NMDA receptors, allowing for calcium influx, translocation of protein kinase C, and activation of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase as important central components of hyperalgesia. However, the hypothesis proposed here suggests a need for a critical reevaluation of the generalized applicability of these events to our understanding of the mechanisms of hyperalgesia. It is proposed that thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia rely on activation of two different intracellular cascades in the spinal cord. Thermal hyperalgesia relies principally on activation of spinal NMDA receptors, translocation of protein kinase C, and production of nitric oxide and cGMP. In contrast, mechanical hyperalgesia relies principally on coactivation of spinal AMPA and metabotropic glutamate receptors, activation of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), and production of cyclooxygenase products.
Epitaxial growth of ruthenium dioxide films by chemical vapor deposition and its comparison with similarly grown chromium dioxide films

Epitaxial ruthenium oxide (RuO2) thin films have been grown on (100) TiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition at temperatures as low as 300 8C using tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)ruthenium [Ru(TMHD)3] as a precursor with oxygen carrier gas. These films exhibit low resistivity, with room-temperature values as low as ~40 AV cm. The surface morphology, epitaxial strain and resistivity as a function of film thickness have been compared with those of similarly deposited epitaxial CrO2 films on TiO2. The temperature dependence of the resistivity for both set of films can be fit well using a combination of the Bloch-Gruneisen formula for electron–phonon scattering and additional scattering terms, including magnon scattering in the case of CrO2. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Changing Federal Income Tax Rates and Optimum Farm Size

Substantial reductions in income tax rates occurring over the last decade increase optimum farm size and thus contribute to the current movement toward fewer and larger farm units in the United States.
A very rapidly migrating f1 histone associated with gene-sized pieces of DNA in the macronucleus of Oxytricha sp.

Abstract Histones bound to gene-sized pieces of DNA in the macronucleus of Oxytricha sp. consist of five main fractions: f1, f2a1, f2a2, f2b and f3. Although the slightly lysine-rich and the arginine-rich histones in Oxytricha macronuclei are similar to comparable fractions in vertebrates, the lysine-rich f1 fraction differs. Oxytricha f1 is unique among eukaryotes in that it migrates faster than f2a1 and is located nearest the cathode in polyacrylamideurea gels.
The Tallest Column—A Dynamical System Approach Using a Symmetry Solution

A classic problem, the design of the tallest column, is solved again using a different method. By the use of a similarity solution the equations are transformed and the difficult singularity at the endpoint is peeled away. The resulting autonomous system has a critical point and the solution must be on its stable manifold. The solution is found by starting near the critical point in the direction of the stable manifold, and solving backward numerically. This removes the need for an iterative integration method that was previously used. The method is shown to work for clamped or hinged boundary condition and can also be used for other problems involving singularities at the endpoints.
Enhancing Social Competence in the Music Classroom

Strong social skills are vital for successful functioning in life. Social skills can affect academic success, peer relationships, family relationships, employment, and extracurricular and leisure activities. Children and adolescents who display academic, social, and behavioral deficits are at risk for both short-term and long-term negative social and academic outcomes (Lane, Givner, & Pierson, 2004). In fact, longitudinal studies have shown a connection between behavioral and social difficulties and substandard academic achievement as children mature (Bracken & Fischel, 2007; Lane et al., 2004). Furthermore, research suggests that students with deficits in social and behavioral skills frequently show higher rates of school dropout, impaired social relationships, unemployment or underemployment, substance abuse, unstable and unfulfilling personal lives, and a lack of postsecondary education and training (Lane et al., 2004). In addition, students with poor social skills are more likely to be rejected by their peers and more likely to be the victims of bullying (Milsom & Glanville, 2009). Because of disability-specific deficits that lead to fewer interactions with peers and/or difficulty establishing meaningful relationships, children with disabilities are at a much greater risk for demonstrating poor social skills (Bellini, 2004; Boo & Prins, 2006; Milsom & Glanville, 2009). According to recent figures from the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2008), 13.5% of the total public school enrollment demonstrated some type of disability that qualified them for services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) during the 2006–2007 academic year. Given the large number of students served under IDEA, the likelihood that music educators will teach students with some type of disability is high. Moreover, the likelihood that those students with disabilities will demonstrate poor social skills is also high. Children need opportunities to learn social skills, practice those skills, and receive corrective feedback about their performance of those skills. Because music is an inherently social activity, the music classroom is an ideal place to help students develop or improve vital social skills. Specific Social Skill Objectives That Can Be Incorporated Into the Music Classroom
The Global Dimensions of Public Health Preparedness and Implications for US Action

The globalization of public health is both real and relevant throughout the United States and to Americans traveling or residing abroad. US public policy responses are evolving, but a crisper and more comprehensive global perspective is needed.I suggest four timely US actions to address today’s competing realities of globalization and economic austerity: raise awareness among clinicians and local health departments; capture and share exemplary disaster management practices across countries; ensure that US global health investments are effective, efficient, and sustainable; and think globally while acting locally to enhance US health security.The reauthorization of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006 provides an opportunity to more clearly address the global dimensions of domestic preparedness.
Sports, Gambling, and Government: America's First Social Compact?

The presence of a 3,600-year-old ballcourt in the Mazatan region of Southern Mexico implies that a significant connection existed between ballcourts, competitive sport, and the emergence of the first ascriptive societies in Mesoamerica. We explore four likely connections between the Mesoamerican ballgame, rank society, and early government. These include gambling, playing the game, sponsorship of the game and its associated activities, and the effects of team sports on community identity. Ethnographic information from tribal societies is reviewed with respect to the social roles of competitive games and their effects on egalitarian society. We consider the idea that community identity, or communitas, can become embodied in a small group of people or individuals who sponsor sport, its associated rituals, and the construction of sporting facilities. These individuals may subsequently gain higher status within both their communities and their regions. This finding adds sport and competitive gaming to the growing list of processes that anthropologists should consider in exploring social transformations. [Mesoamerica, social complexity, ballgames, community identity]
Fetal Laboratory Medicine: On the Frontier of Maternal–Fetal Medicine

BACKGROUND: Emerging antenatal interventions and care delivery to the fetus require diagnostic support, including laboratory technologies, appropriate methodologies, establishment of special algorithms, and interpretative guidelines for clinical decision-making. CONTENT: Fetal diagnostic and therapeutic interventions vary in invasiveness and are associated with a spectrum of risks and benefits. Fetal laboratory assessments are well served by miniaturized diagnostic methods for blood analysis. Expedited turnaround times are mandatory to support invasive interventions such as cordocentesis and intrauterine transfusions. Health-associated reference intervals are required for fetal test interpretation. Fetal blood sampling by cordocentesis carries substantial risk and is therefore performed only when fetal health is impaired, or at risk. When the suspected pathology is not confirmed, however, normative fetal data can be collected. Strategies for assurance of sample integrity from cordocenteses and confirmation of fetal origin are described. After birth, definitive assessment of prenatal environmental and/or drug exposures to the fetus can be retrospectively assessed by analysis of meconium, hair, and other alternative matrices. A rapidly advancing technology for fetal assessment is the use of fetal laboratory diagnostic techniques that use cell-free fetal DNA collected from maternal plasma, and genetic analysis based on molecular counting techniques. SUMMARY: Developmental changes in fetal biochemical and hematologic parameters in health and disease are continually delineated by analysis of our collective outcome-based experience. Noninvasive technologies for fetal evaluation are realizing the promise of lower risk yet robust diagnostics; examples include sampling and analysis of free fetal DNA from maternal blood, and analysis of fetal products accessible at maternal sites. Application of diagnostic technologies for nonmedical purposes (e.g., sex selection) underscores the importance of ethical guidelines for new technology implementation.