cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking Heteroscedastic Progression of Opinions with an Aggregation Bias Correction Model

In this work, we propose a temporal aggregation scheme for sentiments expressed in social networks. The proposed method discounts for the bias caused in aggregation due to classification errors while providing confidence intervals. A computationally efficient prediction and interpolation scheme of temporal progression is discussed that accounts for the heteroscedastic nature of noise. To this end, we use a heteroscedastic gaussian process model. To test the efficacy of our proposed method, we use tweets about Donald Trump obtained for a period of twelve hours. The results are generalized using six state of art classification schemes for predicting sentiments. Our method shows improvement in R2 statistics with better coverage under proposed uncertainty for all the six classification schemes. Finally, the results of variational heteroscedastic gaussian process (VHGP) regression are discussed and the normalized mean square error with negative log-probabilty density of the prediction are reported. It is further shown that the volatility of opinion tracking in social network data streams is better captured with a heteroscedastic noise model.
An Elementary Proof That Primes are Scarce

(1970). An Elementary Proof That Primes are Scarce. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 396-397.
The updated gleason grading system: making it relevant to contemporary practice

The talk will briefly cover why there was a need for modifying the original Gleason grading system. Multiple images will be presented covering the variations of different Gleason grade patterns and certain pitfalls in grading. Grading of variants of prostate cancer, such as foamy gland cancer, pseudohyperplastic cancer, ductal adenocarcinoma, cancer with vacuoles, mucinous carcinomas, and small cell carcinoma will be presented. The grading of cancer with mucinous fibroplasia as Gleason pattern 3 in most cases and cancer with glomeruloid features as Gleason pattern 4 will be discussed. Issues relating to grading needle biopsy when there is either a lower grade or higher present to a limited extent will be covered, as will the topic of tertiary grade patterns on needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy. Finally, the presentation will end with a brief review of prognostic information relating to the different Gleason grade patterns including a new Prognostic Grade Grouping.
The problem of food allergy in childhood.

Any physician whose responsibility it is to care for allergic children is aware that food can be an important allergen. Although ingestant sensitivity (food, drugs, drinks) is not so common as that of the inhalants, nevertheless, it can be and sometimes is the chief offender or a major or minor complicating factor in almost any allergic disorder in childhood.
Hypertension and Risk Factors in Residents over 15 Years Old in A Rural Demonstration Community of Tianjin City

[Objective]To understand the hypertension prevalence in residents over 15 years old in a rural demonstration community of Tianjin City,and provide evidence for carrying out health education and intervention.[Methods] With random sampling,household survey and physical examination,a total of 1077 people were investigated.SPSS11.5 was used to conduct statistical analysis.[Results]The hypertension prevalence was 36.8%.The difference of education levels between hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive patients was significant(P0.01),the difference of annual income was not significant(P0.05).The hypertensive patients' awareness of physical activity,nutrition knowledge,smoking,drinking and hypertension relative knowledge were lower than non-hypertensive patients;the hypertensive patients' BMI was 25.5 ± 3.75;the smoking rate was 43.7%,drinking rate was 28.5%,physical activity rate was 31.1%,the average sleeping time was 7.4h;the ratio of hypertensive patients who adopted non-drug treatment was relatively low.[Conclusion] Although there are more improvements of the rural residents' awareness of health knowledge than before,it also need to be further strengthened;Bad behavior of living need to be further changed;the frequency of hypertensive patients with blood pressure measurement on a regular basis and the ratio of using non-drug methods to control the blood pressure will still need to be raised.
Reactance Ratio Selection for Shunt Reactor in 110 kV Substation

This paper makes a calculation and contrast on harmonic suppression to a planned 110 kV substation both without reactance ratio and with different reactance ratio.Finally,4.5% reactance ratio is proposed according to the current amplitude injecting to power system.As for triple-frequency harmonics that may greatly influence the power system,corresponding countermeasures are put forward,and useful reference for selecting the shunt reactor is given.
Socio-Genomic Research Using Genome-Wide Molecular Data

Recent advances in molecular genetics have provided social scientists with new tools with which to explore human behavior. By deploying genomic analysis, we can now explore long-term patterns of human migration and mating, explore the biological aspects of important sociological outcomes such as educational attainment, and, most importantly, model gene-by-environment interaction effects. The intuition motivating much socio-genomic research is that to have a more complete understanding of social life, scholars must take into consideration both nature and nurture as well as their interplay. Most promising is gene-by-environment research that deploys polygenic measures of genotype as a prism through which to refract and detect heterogenous treatment effects of plausibly exogenous environmental influences. This article reviews much recent work in this vein and argues for a broader integration of genomic data into social inquiry.
Lack of fit tests for linear regression models with many predictor variables using minimal weighted maximal matchings

We develop lack of fit tests for linear regression models with many predictor variables. General alternatives for model comparison are constructed using minimal weighted maximal matchings consistent with graphs on the predictor vectors. The weighted graphs we employ have edges based on model-driven distance thresholds in predictor space, thereby making our testing procedure implementable and computationally efficient in higher dimensional settings. In addition, it is shown that the testing procedure adapts to efficacious maximal matchings. An asymptotic analysis, along with simulation results, demonstrate that our tests are effective against a broad class of lack of fit.
The Commission’s Approach to Devising the Renewables Directive

In March 2007, the European Council’ surprised many, including perhaps themselves’ (Buchan 2009, p. 137) by giving the go-ahead for the European Commission to develop a new directive promoting renewable energy in Europe. The resulting directive, which was adopted in 2008, pulls together parts of formerly independent legislation on subissues in the field of energy.
Dependence of D-C breakdown voltage of air gaps on humidity and time

Interest in this problem arose on observing that equipment operating at high unidirectional voltages and at relative humidities of 55% to 75% exhibited erratic and rather low breakdown strength. Electrode configuration was indicated as an important variable in the problem, A literature search revealed little quantitative information on the d-c breakdown voltage of air gaps.
Bifrontal measurements of brain tissue-PO2 in comatose patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare brain tissue-PO2 (PtiO2) in lesioned vs. non-lesioned brain tissue.
IgE running interference for rhinovirus

Anti-IgE treatment in pediatric allergic asthmatics reduces rates of symptomatic rhinovirus infection.
Inhibition of primary rhabdoid tumors arising in Ini1+/- knock-out mice by a Cyclin/cdk inhibitor

508 Introduction: Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare, aggressive and currently incurable pediatric malignancies. INI1/hSNF5, a component of the SWI/SNF complex, is a critical tumor suppressor biallelically inactivated in these tumors. Mice heterozygous for Ini1 develop a high frequency of tumors with etiology and characteristics similar to human RTs and hence are excellent models for developing novel therapeutic strategies. INI1 causes G0-G1 arrest of rhabdoid cells by repressing Cyclin D1 (Zhang 2002 MCB:22-5975) and activating p16INK4a and p21CIP. RTs are exquisitely dependent on Cyclin D1 in vitro and in vivo (Tsikitis 2005 PNAS:102-12129). Therapeutic down-modulation of Cyclin D1 correlated to the inhibition of RT xenografts, indicating that targeting Cyclin/cdk is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for RTs (Alarcon-Vargas 2006 Oncogene:25-722). However, primary RT models have not been used in preclinical testing and Cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have never been tested in preclinical or clinical studies of RTs, to date. Method: Here we have tested the effect of Flavopiridol, a pan-cdk inhibitor, in vitro, and analyzed its effect on rhabdoid cell survival and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, we have tested the therapeutic efficacy of Flavopiridol in RT xenografts and in primary mouse RTs arising in Ini1+/- knock-out mice, by combining the power of a non-invasive imaging modality, the microPET (positron emission tomography). Results: We found that rhabdoid cells are sensitive to low concentration of Flavopiridol (IC50 ~200 nM). Flavopiridol induced G1 arrest, down modulated Cyclin D1, up-regulated p21 and induced dose- and time-dependent increase in apoptosis that was correlated to induction of caspase 3/7 activity in rhabdoid cells. Treatment of mice harboring RT xenografts with clinically achievable concentrations of 7.5 mg/kg/day Flavopiridol, five times a week, for two weeks, effectively inhibited the growth of RT xenografts (p Conclusions: Flavopiridol induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibits growth of xenografts and primary RTs in vivo. Our studies indicate that microPET imaging is a powerful means of studying primary mouse RTs and that targeting cyclin/cdk is an effective means of inhibiting RTs in vivo. Flavopiridol is a novel chemotherapeutic agent for RTs.
Listen: The Defeat of Oppression by Expression

Zusman offers much-needed insight into the relationship between systemic bias and the control and dissemination of false narratives. As well as articulating the impact of narrative change, Zusman provides a step-by-step guide for an innovative arts-based research methodology that uses oral history, visual arts, and storytelling to uplift and amplify authentic community voices. Case studies elucidate how this process promotes social justice and community transformation by creating a space for healing and perception change while also providing nuanced, community-driven qualitative and quantitative data that informs policy and systems change.
The Quality of the Light: Evidence, Truths, and the Odd Practice of the Poet-Sociologist

In this personal essay, Ewing explores her own dual identity as a poet and sociologist through three lenses: the use of poetry in the classroom, the use of poetry as evidence for sociological phenomena, and the active craft of living and being in the world as a poet. Drawing on the work of Audre Lorde to argue for a more expansive definition of “poetry,” she suggests that these two creative forms are more intertwined than they might seem, particularly in the lived experiences of black women. Further, she posits that since the black woman’s body remains an oddity in the eyes of academe, black women should approach such boundaries of form and discipline with irreverence rather than concern.
DD83: Heartstormings statt Brainstormings! (Februar 2009)

Leider muss ich so viele Brainstorming-Meetings miterleben. Es ist grauenvoll. Kreativitat ist namlich harte Arbeit bei sehnendem Herz! Und eben nicht so etwas Eigenartiges, was wir da normalerweise in groseren Gruppen anstellen. Das haben uns Psychologen und Managementberater eingebrockt, die mit der Moderation von solchen Selbsthilfegruppensitzungen schon Geld verdienen, ohne je selbst eine Idee haben zu mussen. Sie berechnen all den Unsinn, der uns selbst einfallt. An den glauben wir ja eher – ja, ich verstehe diesen Punkt auch.
Energetic Cost of Walking and Its Physiological Correlates in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Who Have Moderate Mobility Disability

Abstract Objective This study examined aerobic capacity, upper leg muscular strength, and static postural control as correlates of the energetic cost of walking (Cw) in moderate multiple sclerosis (MS) mobility disability. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University-based laboratory. Participants Persons (N=44) with MS (aged 48.43±8.64 years) who have reached a benchmark of moderate mobility disability (ie, Expanded Disability Status Scale scores between 4.0 and 6.0) participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures Cw was based on (1) net oxygen consumption collected using a portable metabolic unit and (2) walking speed during the 6-minute walk test. Participants underwent standard assessments of peak aerobic capacity, upper leg muscular strength, and static postural control. Results The data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses. Cw was inversely correlated with peak oxygen consumption (r=–.308, P Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that aerobic power and postural sway may be important correlates of Cw in moderate MS mobility disability. Peak power output reflects a person’s physiological functional reserve that is directly relevant for understanding the penalty of walking impairment on the energetic demands of walking. The association between mediolateral postural sway and Cw suggests that mechanical inefficiency controlling the trajectory of the body’s center of pressure during ambulation may contribute to the elevated Cw.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gag and host vesicular trafficking pathways.

The Gag protein of HIV-1 directs the particle assembly process. Gag recruits components of the cellular vesicular trafficking machinery in order to traverse the cytoplasm of the cell and reach the particle assembly site. The plasma membrane is the primary site of particle assembly in most cell types, while in macrophages an unusual intracellular membrane-bound compartment bearing markers of late endosomes and the plasma membrane is the predominant assembly site. Plasma membrane specificity of assembly may be directed by components of lipid rafts and the cytoplasmic leaflet component PI(4,5)P2. Recent work has highlighted the role of adaptor protein complexes, protein sorting and recycling pathways, components of the multivesicular body, and cellular motor proteins in facilitating HIV assembly and budding. This review presents an overview of the relevant vesicular trafficking pathways and describes the individual components implicated in interactions with Gag.
Bulletproof Diva and the Oral Tradition: The Work of Lisa Jones

It is argued that Lisa Jones9 work, comprised mainly of humorous essays and sketches originally published in New York papers, is in its own way worth more than the writings of some better known Black American authors. Her style is compared to that of other writers, and her influence on topics such as interracial marriage is noted.
Palliation of Thirst in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Translating Research Into Practice.

BACKGROUND Thirst is prevalent among patients in intensive care units. A research-based "thirst bundle" was shown to significantly decrease thirst in these patients. OBJECTIVE To implement a research-based thirst intervention performed by intensive care unit nurses and patients' family members. METHODS Nurses and family members were taught the thirst intervention through video training and project team reinforcement. The intervention was performed by nurses for 123 patients and by family members for 13 patients. Thirst was measured with a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10, a word scale of 0 to 3, or "yes/no" answers, whichever was easiest for the patient. Inferential statistics were used to assess changes in thirst scores over time. Also assessed were nurse and family member burden levels, family level of satisfaction, and patient enjoyment. RESULTS Thirst scores on the numeric rating scale decreased significantly: from a mean (SD) of 7.9 (2.0) before to 3.9 (2.7) after the intervention for nurses (P < .001); and from 9.2 (1.5) to 5.3 (2.6) for family members (n = 13; P = .002). Word scale scores also decreased significantly, from a median (interquartile range) of 3 (3-3) before to 2 (1-2) after the intervention for nurses (P < .001). Most patients (96%) reported enjoying the procedure. Median burden levels were less than 2 on a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10. CONCLUSIONS The palliative "thirst bundle" significantly alleviated patients' thirst and resulted in little caregiver burden. Further efforts are warranted to incorporate this intervention into intensive care unit practice.
Seasonal Changes in Structure and Dynamics in an Urbanized Salt Wedge Estuary

Hydrographic measurements of salt wedge structure and dynamics spanning a 20-fold seasonal range of river discharges are used to investigate the seasonal variability in the strongly stratified Duwamish River Estuary. The effect of river discharge on salt wedge length, stratification, pycnocline thickness, and intratidal differences in salinity structure are evaluated. The salt wedge decreases in length and becomes more stratified as river discharge increases. The ebb and flood responses to increasing discharge are markedly different; the flood phase structure shows little seasonal dependence, while the ebb structure changes due to an internal hydraulic response that is strongest at two severe lateral constrictions. This response varies with the net barotropic forcing, which is controlled by river discharge. The asymmetry between the structure on ebb and flood is explained using a two-layer hydraulic framework, although spatially, tidally, and seasonally variable vertical mixing also modifies the structure. As a result of the persistent stratification and dominance of hydraulic dynamics, channel constrictions influence circulation and transport during ebb tides. These dynamics also generate a flood/ebb asymmetry in salt wedge structure and circulation that is modulated seasonally through discharge. We hypothesize that these dynamics lead to a seasonally modulated residual circulation.
Cost sharing, postpartum contraceptive use, and short interpregnancy interval rates among commercially insured women.

Background Increasing access to effective birth control after childbirth may meet many women’s preferences and reduce short interpregnancy interval rates. Eliminating out-of-pocket costs for contraception has been reported to increase the use of the most effective methods among women with employer-based insurance, but the prevalence and effects of patient cost sharing for contraception have not been studied during the postpartum period. Objective This study aimed to examine the association between cost sharing for long-acting reversible contraception and postpartum contraception use patterns and pregnancies in the 12 months after delivery. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of commercially insured women undergoing childbirth from 2014 to 2018 using Optum’s (Eden Prairie, MN) de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart database. This large national database includes nonretired employees and their dependents who are enrolled in health insurance plans sponsored by large- or medium-sized US-based employers. Women with 12 months of continuous enrollment postpartum were included. Childbirth, pregnancy, and contraceptive method (female sterilization, long-acting reversible contraceptives, other hormonal methods, and no prescription method observed) were identified using claims data. Contraceptive use patterns were observed at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum and adjusted for individual and plan characteristics. Median out-of-pocket costs were $0 for sterilization and other hormonal methods but nonzero for long-acting reversible contraception. We therefore used simple and multivariable logistic regressions to examine the association between plan-level cost sharing (no cost sharing, $0; low cost sharing, >$0– Results Among 25,298 plans with cost sharing data, we identified 172,941 women with continuous enrollment for 12 months postpartum, including 82,500 (47.7%) in no cost sharing, 22,595 (13.1%) in low cost sharing, and 67,846 (39.2%) in high cost sharing plans. The percentage of postpartum women in the study sample using any prescription contraceptive method was 39.5% by 3 months, 43.8% by 6 months, and 46.0% by 12 months. At all time points, postpartum women in no cost sharing plans had a higher predicted probability of long-acting reversible contraceptive use (eg, at 12 months: no cost sharing, 22.0%; low cost-sharing, 17.5%; high cost sharing, 18.3%; P Conclusion Out-of-pocket costs for long-acting reversible contraception influence the method of contraception used by postpartum women with employer-based insurance. Eliminating financial barriers to long-acting reversible contraception access after childbirth may help women initiate their preferred method and increase the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives among interested women who otherwise might utilize less effective methods.
Technological change and the distribution of schooling: evidence from green-revolution India

Abstract In this paper, we develop a two-strata general-equilibrium model of human capital acquisition with endogenous school construction that permits an assessment of the relative impacts of technological change and school availability on schooling investments in landless and landed households and illuminates how these choices interact through the adult and child labor markets. The implications of the model are tested using a unique household-level panel data set which constitutes a representative sample of rural India during the peak period of agricultural innovation associated with the green revolution, 1968–1982. The empirical results indicate that the operation of the market for child labor worsens the distributional impact of agricultural productivity on school investment across landless and landed households, as landless child labor is used to replace landed child labor lost due to increased child school attendance in landed households. The results also suggest, however, that the allocation of school construction diminishes the adverse impact of technical change on the gap between landless and landed schooling investment.
The Ghaznavid Empire of India

Almost all of our information on the Ghaznavids comes from two contemporary chronicles (one in Persian and one in Arabic) and a divan (poetic anthology) from the early eleventh century. The Arabic ...
Effects of diets and genetics on cholesterol metabolism in mice

MATERIALS AND METHODS 67 Experimental Design 67 Diet Analyses 68 Tissue Analyses 71 Serum 72 Liver 72 Feces 73 Statistical Analyses 74 RESULTS 75 DISCUSSION 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY 92 PART 3. DIETARY FAT EFFECTS ON WHOLE BODY CHOLESTEROL KINETICS IN CBA/J AND C57BR/CDJ MICE 95 ABSTRACT 97 INTRODUCTION 99 METHODS 103 Experimental Design 103 Tissue Analyses 104 Data Analyses 105 RESULTS 109 DISCUSSION 124 BIBLIOGRAPHY 127 DISCUSSION 129 BIBLIOGRAPHY 144 APPENDIX A; PREPARATION OF LIVER MICROSOMES 156 Materials 156 Procedure 156 APPENDIX B: CHOLESTEROL DETERMINATION 157
Traditional Media Companies in the U.S. and Social Media: What’s the Strategy?

Traditional media companies continue to deal with change brought about by technology, forcing many firms to embrace “new” media with the introduction of the Internet, smart phones, and other distribution technologies. Now, social media has become another platform available to engage consumers. Social media has been widely adopted by consumers, and media companies have had to follow suit by developing their own social media efforts. Clearly, every media company needs a social media strategy.
A role for Hsp90 in cell cycle control: Wee1 tyrosine kinase activity requires interaction with Hsp90

Wee1 protein kinase regulates the length of G2 phase by carrying out the inhibitory tyrosyl phosphorylation of Cdc2-cyclin B kinase. Mutations were isolated that suppressed the G2 cell cycle arrest caused by overproduction of Wee1. One class of swo (suppressor of wee1 overproduction) mutation, exemplified by swo1-26, also caused a temperature sensitive lethal phenotype in a wee1+ background. The swo1+ gene encodes a member of the Hsp90 family of stress proteins. Swo1 is essential for viability at all temperatures. Swo1 coimmunoprecipitates with Wee1, showing that the two proteins interact. The swo1-26 mutant undergoes premature mitosis when grown at a semi-permissive temperature. These data strongly indicate that formation of active Wee1 tyrosine kinase requires interaction with Swo1, perhaps in a manner analogous to the previously demonstrated interaction between Hsp90 and v-src tyrosine kinase. These observations demonstrate a unexpected role for Hsp90 in cell cycle control.
Continuous Sums of Squares of Forms

We give a continuous representation of positive semidefinite (psd) n -ary quadratic forms over an ordered field as sums of (almost n ! e ) nonnegatively-weighted squares of linear forms. This answers a question of Kreisel, who noticed in 1980 that (already for n=2) the usual “completion-of-square” process gives a discontinuous representation. For n =2 J.F. Adams has recently reduced the required number of continuous summands to 2, but only over Euclidean ordered fields. We also show that any universal representation of psd quadratic forms as sums of squares of quadratic forms must be discontinuous at ( X 2 + Y 2 ) 2 .
The further heterogeneity of creatine kinase: Presence of isoenzymes of cathodic mobility in rat tissues

Supernatant fractions from rat tissue homogenates were examined for creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes by agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6. The distribution of the various isoenzymes, and their relative contributions to the total tissue creatine kinase, is stated. A previously unreported isoenzyme associated with brain and kidney preparations is described. It is a minor contributor to brain creatine-kinase activity but is the major isoenzyme for kidney. The presence of an additional isoenzyme for cardiac tissue was confirmed; this isoenzyme exhibits similar levels of activity to that of the MB isoenzyme.
Eigenmode analysis of optical propagation in large-scale subwavelength periodic nanostructures

Summary form only given. We describe a method for rigorously computing the mode characteristics of a periodic nanostructure, and its application to the accurate design of composite optical materials and novel optical devices. In a form-birefringent nanostructure such as a 1D subwavelength periodic grating, the different field distributions for the two linear polarizations result in different effective indices of refraction. Thus the effective optical properties may be engineered through the structure geometry and choice of constituent materials. Engineering of the propagation characteristics of the eigenmodes in a nanostructure can also be used to realize novel photonic devices, such as to achieve phase matching for second harmonic generation (SHG).
Tumor-cell specific cytotoxic activity of LBY135, a novel anti- DR5 agonistic antibody

4875 TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces apoptosis upon binding to its functional receptors DR4 and DR5 on the surface of tumor cells. We have generated an anti-DR5 agonistic antibody by hybridoma technology and functional cell based screening. LBY135 specifically binds to DR5 with single digit nM affinity, mimics TRAIL to induce cell death in tumor cells, and has little effect on most normal cells in vitro. LBY135 appears to mediate cell death mainly through apoptosis, as demonstrated by the activation of caspase 3, with moderate ADCC and no CDC activity in in vitro assays. This is further supported by the relative in vivo efficacy of various chimeric forms of the antibody (murine IgG1, human IgG1, and IgG4 Fc) and by the robust activation of Caspases in vivo. LBY135 provides a means to interrogate the mechanisms of TRAIL induced tumor specific cell death. It also demonstrates promise as a novel therapeutic for cancer treatment.
Laryngeal movement, oropharyngeal pressure, and submental muscle contraction during swallowing

This study examined temporal relationships of laryngeal movement, oropharyngeal pressure and submental muscle contraction during swallowing. Techniques used to obtain the temporal measures were electroglottography (EGG), oropharyngeal manometry, and submental surface electromyography. Liquid bolus swallows were performed by 40 normal subjects evenly divided by young and elderly, men and women. Results of this investigation suggest that the EGG waveform is reflective of the temporal aspects of laryngeal movement during swallowing and that the EGG has potential as a behavioral modification technique in swallowing therapy. A case study is presented to illustrate the use of the electroglottograph for biofeedback.
Performance evaluation of an emitter switched thyristor for resonant converter applications

This paper reports on the static and dynamic switching characteristics of an emitter switched thyristor (EST) for resonant power converter applications. Two-dimensional (2-D) mixed device and circuit simulations were used to study the carrier switching dynamics. It is shown that during turn-on, the EST has better performance than an IGBT with significantly enhanced drift region conductivity modulation. Thyristor-like on-state operation of EST leads to a slight degradation of the turn-off performance as compared to the IGBT. >
Synthesis and characterization of Na0.44MnO2 from solution precursors

A simple, straightforward and less time consuming thermo-chemical conversion process was used to prepare submicron to micron size platelet/bar shaped single crystal powders of Na0.44MnO2 cathode material from an aqueous based solution precursor. Electrochemical characterization indicated a specific capacity close to the theoretical value (122 mA h g−1) with excellent cyclability.
Cationic imido alkylidene complexes of molybdenum supported by β-diketonate and β-diketiminate ligands

Reaction of Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)2(DME) (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) with the lithium salt of various β-diketonates and β-diketiminates leads to complexes of the type Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(L)(OTf) (L = β-diketonate or β-diketiminate). Treatment of these compounds with NaB[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4 in dichloromethane affords rare examples of cationic imido alkylidene complexes. The solid-state structures of two of these compounds, {Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(TMHD)(THF)}{B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4} and {Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(ArCl-Nacnac)}{B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4} (TMHD = tetramethylheptanedionato, ArCl-Nacnac = [2,6-Cl2C6H3NC(Me)]2CH), have been determined by X-ray diffraction, and their reactivity with ethylene and other simple olefins has been explored.
Examining the Influence of Family Environments on Youth Violence: A Comparison of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Non-Latino Black, and Non-Latino White Adolescents

Existing research rarely considers important ethnic subgroup variations in violent behaviors among Latino youth. Thus, their risk for severe violent behaviors is not well understood in light of the immense ethnic and generational diversity of the Latino population in the United States. Grounded in social control theory and cultural analyses of familism, we examine differences in the risk for severe youth violence, as well its associations with family cohesion, parental engagement, adolescent autonomy, household composition, and immigrant generation among Mexican (n = 1,594), Puerto Rican (n = 586), Cuban (n = 488), and non-Latino Black (n = 4,053), and White (n = 9,921) adolescents with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results indicate a gradient of risk; White youth had the lowest risk for severe violence and Puerto Rican youth had the highest risk compared to all other racial/ethnic subgroups. Within-group analysis indicates that family factors are not universally protective or risk-inducing. While family cohesion decreased the risk of severe violence among all groups, parental engagement was associated with increased risk among Blacks and Whites, and adolescent autonomy was associated with increased risk among Puerto Ricans and Cubans. In addition, Cuban and White adolescents who lived in single parent households or who did not live with their parents, had higher risk for severe violent behaviors than their counterparts who lived in two parent households. Among Latinos, the association of immigrant generation was in opposite directions among Mexicans and Cubans. We conclude that family and immigration factors differentially influence risk for violence among Latino subgroups and highlight the significance of examining subgroup differences and developing intervention strategies that are tailored to the needs of each ethnic subgroup.
Quark-Gluon correlations and vacuum fluctuations☆

Abstract We study the effect of non-perturbative vacuum fluctuations on the angular correlation of a quark and gluon produced in e+e− annihilation at high energies. Long-wavelength background fields induce and exponential falloff in the invariant mass q2 of the quark-gluon system for moderate q2.
Fatigue, Depression, Sleep, and Activity During Chemotherapy: Daily and Intraday Variation and Relationships Among Symptom Changes

Background Previous research suggests that cancer patients frequently experience multiple symptoms during chemotherapy; however, relationships among symptom changes are largely unknown.
Department Stores in Down State Illinois, 1889–1943

Standing between expanding productive capacity on the one hand and growing consumer demand on the other, the marketing middleman in our economy has been forced into a succession of adaptive measures, significant among which has been department store retailing. A study of the general developmental pattern in down state Illinois reveals a “spawning era” and identifies three generic antecedents for the department store. Case studies of individual firms reveal the external underlying forces and the innovating policies which made the department store necessary and possible in this geographic area. Since by many criteria the small cities of Illinois were typical of those elsewhere, a study of retail developments there has more than regional implications.
A cryptographic checksum for integrity protection

This paper describes a cryptographic checksum technique for verifying the integrity of information in computer systems with no built-in protection. The technique is based on the use of repeated encryption using an RSA cryptosystem as a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), the use of a user specified key as a seed for the PRNG, and reduction in a pseudo-random modulus as a means for mixing user specified information with generated numbers.
Supporting on-line resource discovery in the context of ongoing tasks with proactive software assistants

We present ongoing work on systems aimed at improving a user's awareness of resources available to them on the Internet and in intranets. First, we briefly describe Watson, a system that proactively retrieves documents from on-line repositories that are potentially useful in the context of a task, allowing the user to quickly become aware of document resources available in on-line information repositories. Next, we describe I2I, an extension of Watson that builds communities of practice on the fly, based on the work that its users do, so that users with similar goals and interests can discover each other and communicate both synchronously and asynchronously. Both Watson and I2I operate given some knowledge of the user's current task, gleaned automatically from the behavior of users in software tools. As a result, the systems can provide users with useful resources in the context of the work that they are performing. We argue that the systems can foster a greater sense of awareness of the resources available, while minimizing the effort required to discover them.
The effects of geographic targeting and programmatic change: The Denver Community Development Agency

The use of macro studies and aggregate data can obscure important factors that are critical to an assessment of program effects.
On the relation of errors and its syndrome in signature analysis

Abstract This paper deals with fault diagnostics in signature analysis of computer hardware testing. When an incorrect signature is observed, it is often desired to identify the bit locations, within the input data stream, where errors have caused the faulty signature. One method is common use in the exhaustive matching test in which all bit locations of the input sequence are compared sequentially with the expected response. In this paper, an algorithm of fault diagnostics is presented by making use of the information from the faulty signature. The idea is to search the likely error locations before the tests are performed. The method reduces the number of tests required to diagnose the errors with the probability of aliasing. Such probability is always smaller than that of error detection in signature analysis. When matching tests are difficult or impossible, the method provides an estimate of where errors might have occurred that caused the incorrect signature. Also, the case of “don't cares” at the input sequence of signature analysis is discussed.
Matching Commitment to Supervisors and Organizations to In-Role and Extra-Role Performance

There are mixed findings regarding the relations between affective and continuance commitment and job performance. However, past research has largely disregarded the concept of commitment foci and overlooked the importance of matching commitment foci to the target of performance-related behavior. In this study, supervisors rated 189 employees on 2 types of performance hypothesized to be directed more toward supervisors than organizations: in-role performance and courtesy. They also rated 2 types hypothesized to be directed more toward organizations than supervisors: civic virtue and loyal boosterism. After controlling for other forms of commitment, affective commitment to supervisors explained unique variance in in-role performance and courtesy. Affective commitment to organizations did not. After controlling for other forms of commitment, affective commitment to organizations explained unique variance in loyal boosterism. Affective commitment to supervisors did not. Continuance commitment to supervisors ...
Functional Consequences of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy Myocardial ATP Turnover Rate in the In Vivo Swine Heart With Postinfarction Remodeling

Background—The use of cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as cellular therapy for myocardial injury has yet to be examined in a large-animal model. Methods and Results—Immunosuppressed Yorkshire pigs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: A myocardial infarction group (MI group; distal left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and reperfusion; n=13); a cell-treatment group (MI with 4×106 vascular cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells administered via a fibrin patch; n=14); and a normal group (n=15). At 4 weeks, left ventricular structural and functional abnormalities were less pronounced in hearts in the cell-treated group than in MI hearts (P<0.05), and these improvements were accompanied by declines in scar size (10.4±1.6% versus 8.3±1.1%, MI versus cell-treatment group, P<0.05). The cell-treated group displayed a significant increase in vascular density and blood flow (0.83±0.11 and 1.05±0.13 mL·min−1·g−1, MI versus cell-treatment group, P<0.05) in the periscar bo...
Chromatographic analysis of plasmalogens.

Abstract Chromatography has been widely used in the studies on plasmalogens. It has been used for the following purposes: 1. A rapid and simultaneous determination in total lipid extracts of phosphatide classes and their constituent plasmalogens by reaction two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. 2. Isolation of neutral plasmalogens by adsorption chromatography. 3. Separation of molecular species of phosphatide plasmalogens by partition column and argentation adsorption column chromatography. 4. Separation of derivatives of phosphatide plasmalogens from the accompanying alkyl acyl- and diacyl derivatives by a combination of adsorption and argentation adsorption thin-layer chromatography. 5. Separation of cis synthetic neutral plasmalogen from the corresponding trans isomer by gas-liquid chromatography or argentation thin-layer chromatography. 6. Analysis of fatty acid and aldehyde composition of plasmalogens by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. A brief review on the chemistry, biochemistry and synthesis of plasmalogens is included.
Rotation implementation of a circular cylinder in incompressible flow via staggered grid approach

In this paper, we present a finite difference method for the implementation of the rotation of a circular cylinder in the incompressible flow field by solving the two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. The approach is to use staggered grid method so that the accuracy and order of convergence of the associated algorithms can be maintained. The proposed method is easy to be implemented and is effective. A set of simulations for the flow dynamics is provided to show the computational results.
Guaranteeing Secrecy using Artificial Noise

The broadcast nature of the wireless medium makes the communication over this medium vulnerable to eavesdropping. This paper considers the problem of secret communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The assumption used is that the transmitter and its helpers (amplifying relays) have more antennas than the eavesdropper. The transmitter ensures secrecy of communication by utilizing some of the available power to produce 'artificial noise', such that only the eavesdropper's channel is degraded. Two scenarios are considered, one where the transmitter has multiple transmit antennas, and the other where amplifying relays simulate the effect of multiple antennas. The channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be publicly known, and hence, the secrecy of communication is independent of the secrecy of CSI.
Overview of raster scanning for ICF-class laser optics

Recent work has shown that the damage resistance of both ICF-class (1600 cm 2 ) DKDP tripler crystals and SiO 2 components (lenses, gratings and debris shields) benefits from laser raster scanning using pulsed lasers in the 350 nm range. For laser raster scanning to be a viable optical improvement tool for these large optics, damage improvement must be optimized while maintaining scan times of less than 8 hours/optic. In this paper we examine raster scanning with small beams from tabletop laser systems. We show that 120 Watts of average power is required for a tabletop scanning system at one optic/day. Next, we develop equations for total scan time for square and round top heat beams and round and rectangular Gaussian beams. We also consider the effect of packing geometry (square vs. hexagonal), examine the deviations from uniform coverage with each scan geometry and show that hexagonal packing yields lower scan times but is less efficient in coverage than square geometry. We also show that multiple passes at low packing densities are temporally equivalent to a single pass with higher packing density, and discuss the advantages of each method. In addition, we show that the differences between hexagonal and square scan geometries are negated when pointing errors and fluence fluctuations from the laser are considered.
Physical properties of the chorioamnion throughout gestation.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to assess the tensile strength of the chorioamnion at various gestational ages. Study Design: Segments of chorioamnion were obtained from 35 patients delivered at gestational ages ranging from 17 to 41 weeks. Clinical information including gestational age, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, and onset of labor was recorded. Tensile strength (grams to burst and deflection at rupture) was measured on 2 to 16 specimens per patient. Tensile strength of several commercial products was used for comparison. Results: Tensile strength increases up to 20 weeks of gestation and then plateaus until 39 weeks of gestation, when it falls dramatically. Clinical chorioamnionitis alone did not affect tensile strength, but gross membrane inflammation resulted in reduced tensile strength. Conclusions: Tensile strength of the chorioamnion varies with gestational age. This baseline information will be useful in assessing the effects of various conditions and therapies on membrane strength and may provide insight into spontaneous rupture of membranes. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:672-5.)
Development of Accurate Constitutive Models for Simulation of Superplastic Forming

Superplastic forming (SPF) has been considered a process for improving the formability of aluminum alloys for the production of automotive body panels. In order to accurately simulate the SPF process, elevated temperature, uniaxial tension tests are used to develop the material flow model. Due to the high temperature and large degree of deformation in these tests, strain is typically calculated using crosshead displacement rather than with an extensometer. This approach requires the assumption of a constant material volume in the gage section to calculate the uniform strain. It has been observed that a significant amount of material flows from the grips into the gage section during testing which results in inaccuracies in the material model. This article presents a numerical tool that accounts for material flow from the grips and produces a more accurate constitutive equation. Experimental and numerical validations of the results of the developed tool are presented.
What is it about neighborhood characteristics that influence survival after a stroke or TIA

Using a random sample of stroke and TIA patients from the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network Nationwide Inpatient Sample, Kapral and colleagues1 report, in this issue of Neurology ®, that survival at 1- and 3-year intervals poststroke/TIA was higher in persons who lived in higher income neighborhoods at the time of their stroke/TIA than those who lived in lower income neighborhoods. Adjustment for covariates had a relatively modest attenuating effect on these differences, suggesting that the neighborhood income differences act …
PERCEPTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNALS: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY

A national survey of 556 faculty at accredited schools of social work examined 4 dimensions of the publishing process: publishing productivity, perceptions of overall quality of social work journals, satisfaction with social work journals, and perspectives on the manuscript review process. Findings indicate the publishing process in social work is perceived as a system of complex relationships between individual and institutional arrangements. Qualitative analysis provided the basis for a discussion of strategies for improving the relevance, methodological rigor, and overall quality of professional social work journals.
Dc link inverter for army power conditioner requirements

This paper describes the 12.5 kVA dc link inverter being developed by Delco Electronics - Santa Barbara Operations for USA MERDC, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia. The inverter can produce 120/ 208 volts three-phase, 120 volts single-phase, or 120/240 volts single-phase power at 60 or 400 Hz. It has an efficiency of 84 to 94% and a breadboard weight of 150 pounds. Based on a patented design concept (No. 3,725,767), the inverter generates stepped wave and square wave voltage segments which are combined as a three-phase composite to produce line-to-line waveforms of 4% total harmonic content before filtering. Study results show that the basic inverter concept can take several circuit forms, and can be developed with ratings up to 100 kVA. The inverter is being developed as a candidate for the Army 15 kVA general purpose power conditioner, and as such must conform to MIL-STD-1332B and MIL-STD-461A.