cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transitional Care of the Long-Term Care Patient

This article reviews the literature on transitional care to and from the LTC environment, highlighting strategies to improve the quality of care transitions. Several factors are vital in the improvement of systems of care dealing with transitions. Key factors include communication with and among health care providers, effective medication reconciliation, advanced discharge planning, and timely use of palliative care.
Synthesis and NMR characterization of 4‐[(2‐tetrahydro‐pyranyloxy)methyl]piperidine and intermediates

4-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine was selectively protected with tetrahy- dropyranyl group in several steps to give the title compound. Use of 1 H and 19 F nmr spectra in structure determination is discussed
Changes in leaf ultrastructure and carbohydrates in Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) cv. Columbia during rapid cold acclimation

We studied cell ultrastructure and carbohydrate levels in the leaf tissue ofArabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) cv. Columbia during rapid cold acclimation. Freezing tolerance of the leaves from 26 day old plants was determined after 48 h and 10 days at 4°C. Acclimation treatment of 48 h decreased the lethal freezing temperature from −5.7°C to −9.4°C. Freezing tolerance was not altered further by acclimation at 4 °C for 10 days. Ultrastructural changes in the parenchyma cells were evident after 6 to 24 h of cold acclimation. The plasma membrane showed signs of extensive turnover. Evidence of membrane invaginations and sequestering of membrane material was observed. In addition, numerous microvesicles, paramural bodies, and fragments of endoplasmic reticulum were noticed in the vicinity of plasma membrane. Modifications in the structure of cell membranes were evident after 5 days of exposure to low temperature. Small, darkly stained globules were seen on the plasma membrane, tonoplast, chloroplast envelope membrane, mitochondrion outer membrane, dictyosome cisternae membrane, and microvesicle membrane. As far as we are aware, this type of membrane modification has not been described previously in plant cells exposed to low temperature. We propose to call these structures membraglobuli. Acclimation treatment also increased the concentrations of soluble sugars and starch. These observations suggest that cold acclimation inA. thaliana induces changes in both plasma membrane properties and carbohydrate composition.
Characterization of external 3He ion beams used for ex-vacuo nuclear reaction analysis of deuterium

Abstract In-air D(3He, p)4He nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) using external 3He ion beams is now routinely used to characterize deuterium in both fusion and fission reactor materials. The depth resolution, lateral resolution, and detection sensitivity attainable in these ex-vacuo analyses is influenced by the energy spread, the spatial divergence, and the nuclear reaction background produced by extraction of the 3He ion beam through a suitable exit window foil and subsequent transmission of the beam through one or more millimeters of air to the target. In the present paper, the energy and spatial distributions of ex-vacuo MeV 3He ion beams are measured for transmission distances in air of 0 to 15 mm. Exit windows made from both commercially produced foils (3.81 μm thick Au/Al) and foils prepared in the laboratory (1.14 μm thick Au/Al) by e-beam evaporation onto NaCl have been examined. The measured distributions are compared to TRIM simulations, and the resolution of in-air D(3He, p)4He NRA is assessed. Finally, interfering background nuclear reaction yields in air are measured as a function of ex-vacuo 3He beam energy, and the resulting deuterium detection sensitivity is discussed.
Estrogen-like activity of chlordecone (kepone) on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis: effects on the pituitary enkephalin system.

Similarities between the activity of chlordecone and estrogen on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) were examined by using the pituitary enkephalin system as a model. A single injection (25 to 75 mg/kg, ip) or repeated injections (2.5 to 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days, ip) of chlordecone caused a time- and dose-related decrease in pituitary [Met5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in adult rats. Similar to the reported effects of estrogen, chlordecone treatment decreased the levels of ME-LI in the anterior lobe but not in the neurointermediate lobe of male pituitaries. Furthermore, chlordecone failed to alter the pituitary levels of ME-LI in female rats. The level of another pituitary peptide hormone, beta-endorphin, was increased in male rats after chlordecone treatment, indicating some degree of selectivity of this effect. Similarities between chlordecone and estrogen were found with other pituitary hormones, i.e., implantation of diethylstilbestrol or of chlordecone in ovariectomized rats caused qualitatively similar changes in serum prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels. These results suggest that chlordecone qualitatively resembles estrogen in its effect on some HPA peptide systems.
Mechanism of fiber formation by interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation

A four-step mechanism is hypothesized for the process of fiber formation by interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation: (1) formation of a polyionic complex film at the interface that acts as a viscous barrier to free mixing; (2) scattering of this complex by a drawing motion, creating submicron “nuclear fibers”; (3) growth of “nuclear fibers”, with an accompanying decrease in the viscosity of the surrounding polyelectrolyte matrix; (4) coalescence of “nuclear fibers”, resulting in a thicker primary fiber and gel droplets at regular intervals along its axis. Presented evidence include light and confocal microscopy of the fiber structure, detailed observation of the fiber drawing process, turbidity experiments to measure the stability of the interface, effect of polyelectrolyte solution concentrations and contact area at the interface on fiber dimensions, and identification of two critical draw rates that can be related to the proposed fiber-forming mechanism.
Correlated Measurement Errors and the Least Squares Estimator of the Regression Coefficient

Abstract This article explores, for a set of survey conditions, the effect of correlated measurement error on the ordinary least squares estimator of the regression coefficient for a finite bivariate population, when both variables are subject to correlated measurement error. The sample estimates for some selected housing variables show that the average of the correlated measurement error components have little effect, but the simple response variance and covariance have pronounced effect, on the ordinary regression estimator. In particular, the estimates of the simple response covariance studied are far from negligible. Finally, the article examines the sensitivity of the bias factor of the estimator.
Biomimetic fabrication of gold nanoparticles on templated indole-3-acetic acid based nanofibers

Abstract Self-assembly of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was examined in aqueous solutions of varying pH values. Further, it was observed that IAA biomimetically reduced Au ions leading to the formation of Au nanoparticles at a pH range of 4–9. It was found that at a pH range of 4–7, uniform spherical gold nanoparticles in the size ranges of 20–30 nm were obtained, while under basic conditions, a high degree of aggregation was observed. In addition, we conjugated IAA with the organic linker 1,4-diaminobutane in order to enhance the attachment of Au ions to the IAA moiety via the free amino group and examined its self-assembly. In general, higher yields of nanofibers were formed upon self-assembly of the amide conjugate, with lengths in the micron range. Further, it was observed that the Au nanoparticles formed in the presence of the self-assembled amide conjugates were uniformly coated, leading to the formation of uniform gold nanowires. Thus, a new class of materials based on IAA and IAA-amide conjugates could be efficiently used for formation of gold nanoparticles using environmentally friendly mild synthetic methods in the absence of harsh reducing agents. Such materials may have potential applications in optoelectronics, bioimaging and sensing.
Combined effects of multiple flavonoids on breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamic parameter (EC50) of flavonoids apigenin, biochanin A, chrysin, genistein, kaempferol, hesperetin, naringenin, and silymarin for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition when used alone, and to evaluate their potential interactions (additive, synergistic, or antagonistic) with regards to BCRP inhibition when used in multiple-flavonoid combinations.
Initial Closed Operation of the CELSS Test Facility Engineering Development Unit

As part of the NASA Advanced Life Support Flight Program, a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Test Facility Engineering Development Unit has been constructed and is undergoing initial operational testing at NASA Ames Research Center. The Engineering Development Unit (EDU) is a tightly closed, stringently controlled, ground-based testbed which provides a broad range of environmental conditions under which a variety of CELSS higher plant crops can be grown. Although the EDU was developed primarily to provide near-term engineering data and a realistic determination of the subsystem and system requirements necessary for the fabrication of a comparable flight unit, the EDU has also provided a means to evaluate plant crop productivity and physiology under controlled conditions. This paper describes the initial closed operational testing of the EDU, with emphasis on the hardware performance capabilities. Measured performance data during a 28-day closed operation period are compared with the specified functional requirements, and an example of inferring crop growth parameters from the test data is presented. Plans for future science and technology testing are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
Uncrossmatched blood transfusions for trauma patients in the emergency department: incidence, outcomes and recommendations

The utility of early blood product transfusion in the treatment of severely injured patients is well understood.1,2 It not only assists in addressing volume requirements and tissue oxygenation, but also acidosis, dilution and coagulopathy. Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) encourages a transition to red blood cell (RBC) products immediately after failure to achieve hemodynamic stability with 2 L of crystalloid solution.3,4 Because emergent transfusions are typically needed before identifying a patient’s specific blood type, uncrossmatched RBC (URBC) products are commonly used. To address this issue, some trauma centres maintain dedicated blood refrigerators within the emergency department (ED).1–12 In addition to the extensive logistics and cost of an offsite refrigerator, patients can also be exposed to the risk of unnecessary URBC products. This risk has been reported to be as high as 64%.13–16 More specifically, risks of transfusion include hemolysis, transfusion-associated lung injury, infection, immunosuppression (i.e., transfusion related immunomodulation), systemic inflammatory response syndrome17,18 and death.19,20 Although the value of early plasma, platelet, cryoprecipitate and factor VIIa administration to combat the 24%–38% of injured patients who present with coagulopathies is becoming clear,5–12 these products are rarely stored in a readily usable form within the ED. They are therefore unavailable for initial transfusions in the trauma bay. It is clear that with the coagulopathy, hypothermia and acidosis associated with severe trauma,10–12 a combination of immediate surgical intervention and rapid transfusion is crucial for survival of massive hemorrhage. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the emergent transfusion practices in our ED by identifying the incidence and outcomes of patients who received 1 or more URBC products.
17O NMR spectroscopy of nucleoside derivatives; bonding characteristics of pyrimidine carbonyls

Abstract Various uridine derivatives have been selectively enriched (≈ 50%) at the 04 and 02 oxygens, and the 17 O chemical shifts and linewidths measured. The chemical shifts, which are primarily dependent on π-bond-order and hydrogen bonding, show effects that are selective for the 02 and 04 oxygens. In particular, significantly more H-bonding to D 2 O and higher π bond order are found for the 04 oxygen.
The influence of dimensionality on simulations of mass recovery from nonuniform dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones

Abstract The influence of model dimensionality on predictions of mass recovery from dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones in nonuniform permeability fields was investigated using a modified version of the modular three-dimensional transport simulator (MT3DMS). Thirty-two initial two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tetrachloroethene–DNAPL source zone architectures, taken from a recent modeling study, were used as initial conditions for this analysis. Commonly employed source zone metrics were analyzed to determine differences between 2D and 3D predictions: (i) down-gradient flux-averaged contaminant concentration, (ii) reductions in contaminant mass flux through a down-gradient boundary, (iii) source zone ganglia-to-pool (GTP) ratio, and (iv) time required to achieve a remediation objective. 3D flux-averaged contaminant concentrations were approximately 3.5 times lower than concentrations simulated in 2D. This difference was attributed to dilution of the contaminant concentrations down gradient of the source zone. Contaminant flux reduction predictions for a given mass recovery were generally 5% higher in 3D simulations than in 2D simulations. The GTP ratio declined over time as mass was recovered in both 2D and 3D simulations. Although the source longevity (i.e., time required to achieve 99.99% mass recovery) differed between individual 2D and 3D realizations, the mean source longevity for the 2D and 3D simulation ensembles was within 2%. 2D simulations tended to over-predict the time required to achieve lower mass recovery levels (e.g. 50% mass recovery) due to a smaller contaminated area exposed to uncontaminated water. These findings suggest that ensemble averages of 2D numerical simulations of DNAPL migration, entrapment, dissolution, and mass recovery in statistically homogenous, nonuniform media may provide reasonable approximations to average behavior obtained using simulations conducted in fully three-dimensional domains.
Hopping of a processivity factor on DNA revealed by single-molecule assays of diffusion.

Many DNA-interacting proteins diffuse on DNA to perform their biochemical functions. Processivity factors diffuse on DNA to permit unimpeded elongation by their associated DNA polymerases, but little is known regarding their rates and mechanisms of diffusion. The processivity factor of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase, UL42, unlike “sliding clamp” processivity factors that normally form rings around DNA, binds DNA directly and tightly as a monomer, but can still diffuse on DNA. To investigate the mechanism of UL42 diffusion on DNA, we examined the effects of salt concentration on diffusion coefficient. Ensemble studies, employing electrophoretic mobility shift assays on relatively short DNAs, showed that off-rates of UL42 from DNA depended on DNA length at higher but not lower salt concentrations, consistent with the diffusion coefficient being salt-dependent. Direct assays of the motion of single fluorescently labeled UL42 molecules along DNA revealed increased diffusion at higher salt concentrations. Remarkably, the diffusion coefficients observed in these assays were ≈104-fold higher than those calculated from ensemble experiments. Discrepancies between the single-molecule and ensemble results were resolved by the observation, in single-molecule experiments, that UL42 releases relatively slowly from the ends of DNA in a salt-dependent manner. The results indicate that UL42 “hops” rather than “slides,” i.e., it microscopically dissociates from and reassociates with DNA as it diffuses rather than remaining so intimately associated with DNA that cation condensation on the phosphate backbone does not affect its motion. These findings may be relevant to mechanisms of other processivity factors and DNA-binding proteins.
Occupational therapy in New York Civil State Hospitals, 1930

1. The trend in occupational therapy in the New York State hospitals is upward. 2. The number of patients given physical training only was less in 1930 than in 1929. 3. More females than males receive occupational treatment. In two State hospitals practically no males are in occupational classes other than those for physical training only. 4. Occupational therapy can be successfully used for patients of all types of mental disease. 5. That further expansion of occupational treatment is possible is shown by the fact that it is used to a greater extent in some hospitals than in others.
Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Children with Cancer

Oral mucositis affects more than three-fourths of patients undergoing chemotherapy and represents a significant burden to patients and caregivers. Lesions develop as a result of chemotherapeutic agents attacking the rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Severity can range from mild, painless tissue changes to bleeding ulcerations that prevent oral intake and require narcotic pain relievers. Oral mucositis also leads to an increased risk of infection and can often delay further chemotherapy treatment. A number of assessment scales have been developed to better qualify the symptoms associated with this condition. Few pharmacologic agents have been approved to either prevent the development or alleviate the symptoms of oral mucositis. Current options include the use of antimicrobial mouthwashes, amino acid rinses, and topical healing agents. Palifermin, a keratinocyte growth factor, may be a future option after its use in children is explored. With achievements in other areas of supportive care in patients undergoing chemotherapy, oral mucositis should represent the forefront of new research. This review will provide a comprehensive examination of available options for children who have oral mucositis.
Follicle and Endocrine Dynamics During Experimental Follicle Deviation in Mares

Deviation during a follicular wave in mares begins when the largest follicle (F1) reaches a mean diameter of 22.5 mm and is characterized by continued growth of F1 to become the dominant follicle and regression of F2 to become the largest subordinate follicle. In the present study, F1 was ablated at the expected beginning of deviation (Hour 0) to provide a reference point for characterizing the intrafollicular changes preceding experimental deviation between F2 and F3. Diameters and concentrations of follicular fluid factors in F2 and F3 were determined in F1-ablated mares at Hours 0, 12, 24, 48, or 72 (n = 8 mares/group). Circulating FSH concentrations were greater (P 0.1) to the diameter of F1 and FSH concentration at Hour 0, respectively. A differential change between F2 and F3 was not detected in follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol, inhibin-A, and activin-A by the beginning of experimental deviation. However, estradiol was higher in F2 at Hours 0 and 12 and inhibin-A was higher in F2 throughout the experiment, and both factors could have been involved in experimental deviation. Free insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increased (P < 0.05) in F2 beginning at Hour 12 and was higher (P < 0.05) in F2 than in F3 by the beginning of experimental deviation. Temporally, this result indicated that intrafollicular IGF-1 was involved in conversion of F2 from a destined subordinate follicle to a dominant follicle.
The Origins of Business Ethics in American Universities, 1902-1936

The history of the field of business ethics in the U.S. remains understudied and misunderstood. In this article I begin to remedy this oversight about the past, and I suggest how it can be beneficial in the present. Using both published and unpublished primary sources, I argue that the business ethics field emerged in the early twentieth century, against the backdrop of the establishment of business schools in major universities. I bring to light four important developments: business ethics lectures at the University of California and Yale University, Leon Marshall’s curriculum at the College of Commerce of the University of Chicago, and the William A. Vawter Foundation on Business Ethics at Northwestern University. Then, I consider the payoffs of my historical account for business ethics theory, pedagogy, and practice. Specifically, I present four implications of my account under these headings: business ethics as a public problem; the place of ethics in business schools; historicizing business ethics; and historical self-knowledge.
Designing games to handle coupled constraints

The central goal in multiagent systems is to design local control laws for the individual agents to ensure that the emergent global behavior is desirable with respect to a given system level objective. In many systems, such as cooperative robotics or distributed power control, the design of these local control algorithms is further complicated by additional coupled constraints on the agents' actions. There are several approaches in the existing literature for designing such algorithms stemming from classical optimization theory; however, many of these approaches are not suitable for implementation in multiagent systems. This paper seeks to address the design of such algorithms using the field of game theory. Among other things, this design choice requires defining a local utility function for each decision maker in the system. This paper seeks to address the degree to which utility design can be effective for dealing with these coupled constraints. In particular, is it possible to design local agent utility functions such that all pure Nash equilibrium of the unconstrained game (i) optimize the given system level objective and (ii) satisfy the given coupled constraint. This design would greatly simplify the distributed control algorithms by eliminating the need to explicitly consider the constraints. Unfortunately, we illustrate that designing utility functions within the standard game theoretic framework is not suitable for this design objective. However, we demonstrate that by adding an additional state variable in the game environment, i.e., moving towards state based games, we can satisfy these performance criteria by utility design. We focus on the problem of consensus control to illustrate these results.
Importance of Using Standard Rather Than Torso Surface Electrocardiographic Leads for Pacemapping at the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

MATSUSHITA, T., et al.: Importance of Using Standard Rather Than Torso Surface Electrocardiographic Leads for Pacemapping at the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract. Although pacemapping has been used to localize the origin of ventricular tachycardia, the effect of changes in the position of ECG electrodes during ventricular pacing remains unknown. To clarify the relationship between the position of ECG limb electrodes and QRS configuration during pacemapping at the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), RVOT pacing was performed on 12 patients at eight pacing sites located in the anterior, septal, lateral, and posterior portions each in the high and low RVOT. Standard and torso ECGs were recorded simultaneously during each pacing protocol, and the QRS axis and amplitude were compared between the two ECGs. Differences between sites in the horizontal plane and in the longitudinal direction were also compared. The QRS axis on the torso ECG was significantly more rightward than that on the standard ECG at all eight pacing sites (72.1 ± 17.4 vs 64.0 ± 21.9 degrees). The magnitude of differences in the QRS axis and amplitude between the anterior and other sites at the same height was significantly greater in the standard ECG in all locations and in 7 of 18 comparable leads, respectively. The magnitude of differences between high and low sites was significantly greater in the standard ECG in three of four locations and in 5 of 12 comparable leads, respectively. In conclusion, the torso ECG is less sensitive to changes in pacing site at the RVOT than the standard ECG. The torso ECG is, therefore, not proper for pacemapping in attempts to ablate ventricular tachycardia arising from the RVOT.
Field-enhanced photodegradation of pyrromethene dye films

The photodegradation of pyrromethene films, neat and polymer-dispersed, is investigated by measuring the relative photocarrier yield as a function of accumulated 532 mm laser pulses. The rate of reduction in photocarrier production is compared for samples irradiated in the absence and presence of an electric field by utilizing a delayed-photocurrent collection method. Higher bias resulted in higher photocarrier reduction rates: field-enhanced photodegradation. We report the result for polymer-dispersed pyrromethene mixed with dimethylbenzoquinone (electron acceptor) or triphenylamine (electron donor) and vacuum deposited samples. The photocarrier reduction is correlated with the appearance of dark spots, as confirmed by optical microscopy. For these samples, the photocarrier reduction is attributed to intrinsic degrading reaction of dye ions resulting from the optical excitation in the presence of strong electric fields.
Nonlinear dynamics of capillary bridges: theory

Finite-amplitude, forced and free oscillations of capillary bridges are studied. They are characterized by a resonant frequency and a damping rate which, in turn, depend on fluid properties, dimensions of the bridge, gravitational force relative to surface tension and amplitude of the external disturbance. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically using the Galerkin/finite-element methodology for discretization in space and implicit finite differences with adaptive time stepping for discretization in time. It is found that the resonant frequency decreases and the damping rate increases almost linearly with the oscillation amplitude. Their relative changes from their corresponding values at infinitesimal amplitude depend on fluid properties and dimensions of the bridge. Moreover, careful measurement of the resonant frequency and damping rate in a well-controlled experiment may provide quite accurate values for properties of the liquid over a wide range of modified Reynolds numbers.
Single-Track Asynchronous Pipeline Templates Using 1-of-N Encoding

This paper presents a new fast and templatized family of fine-grain asynchronous pipeline stages based on the single-track protocol. No explicit control wires are required outside of the datapath and the data is 1-of-N encoded. With a forward latency of 2 transitions and a cycle time of 6 for most configurations, the new family can run at 1.6 GHz using MOSIS TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m process. This is significantly faster than all known quasi-delay-insensitive templates and has less timing assumptions than the recently proposed ultra-high-speed GasP bundled-data circuits.
Students’ Thinking and the Depth of the Mathematics Curriculum

This article explores the impact of students’ thinking centered professional development on mathematics teaching and learning. Purposeful pedagogy and problem posing are examined as mechanisms by which teachers can potentially deepen students’ understanding of mathematics. A classroom example comparing student generated strategies versus algorithmic approaches also highlights the benefits of instructional approaches that emphasize students’ understanding of mathematics.
Dynamic flip-flop with improved power

An improved design of a dynamic flip-flop is presented. The proposed design overcomes the problem of the glitch at the output and improves power-delay product for about 27%, while preserving logic embedding property. This is accomplished by equalizing the t/sub pLH/ and t/sub pHL/ of the flip-flop and careful design of keeper elements in the circuit. New design introduces insignificant area increase.
A new framework of design rules for compaction of VLSI layouts

A general framework for describing design rules is provided that encompasses space rules, size rules, extension rules, conditional rules, nonpositive rules, and minimum-type and maximum-type rules. Conditional rules considered include topological rules, width rules, and length rules. A fast compaction scheme was developed to handle this variety of rules in an efficient and uniform way. A compactor based on this approach was constructed that can handle several IBM technologies. In one CMOS technology, there are two width rules and two dozen topological rules, in addition to a hundred or so simple rules. The runtime performance data for several design examples, obtained on an IBM 3090 machine, are presented. It is noted that the use of conditional rules increases the computation cost only slightly, while it saves a significant amount of cell area compared with using all simple rules. >
Tunable planar polymer Bragg gratings having exceptionally low polarization sensitivity

We report fabrication of planar polymer Bragg gratings that can be thermally tuned 20 nm with very low polarization sensitivity, (/spl lambda//sub TE/-/spl lambda//sub TM/)</spl plusmn/0.05 nm, throughout the tuning range. Polarization sensitivity in a planar film is caused by an anisotropic effective refractive index in the film typically resulting from strain. Strain in polymer Bragg gratings is caused by the photopolymerization and the thermal annealing processes utilized for the grating fabrication. For the case of polymer Bragg gratings, we show for the first time that fabrication-induced strain can be nearly eliminated by laser etching parallel trenches into the polymer layers on each side of the grating. The improvement in polarization sensitivity depends strongly on the trench separation, the thermal annealing process, and the grating tuning method.
Survival and Prognosis in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland

Objective To determine factors that affect survival in patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Methods Data for all cases of Hurthle cell carcinoma that occurred between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1998, were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Clinical data regarding age, sex, tumor size, primary site extension, nodal involvement, and vital status were tabulated. Patients with distant metastases were excluded, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted. Survival data for patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma were compared with data for a control group of patients with follicular cell carcinoma matched for age, sex, tumor size, and local disease extension. Cox multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of predictor variables on overall survival in Hurthle cell carcinoma. Results We identified 555 cases of nonmetastatic Hurthle cell carcinoma (mean age at diagnosis, 55.9 years; women, 67.9%). The primary tumor was intrathyroidal in 83.8% of patients, whereas 11.2% had minor local extension. Mean tumor size was 3.5 cm. Mean, 5-year, and 10-year survival for Hurthle cell carcinoma was 109 months, 85.1%, and 71.1%, respectively. Mean survival for 411 matched patients with follicular cell carcinoma was 113 months, which was not statistically different from that of patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma ( P = .47, log-rank test). On multivariate analysis, increasing age at diagnosis, male sex, and increasing tumor size were statistically significant predictors of poor survival; degree of primary site extension did not affect survival. Conclusions Overall survival for Hurthle cell carcinoma is similar to that of comparably staged follicular cell carcinoma. Increasing age, male sex, and increasing tumor size substantially diminish survival in patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma.
Dimensions of mind perception

Participants compared the mental capacities of various human and nonhuman characters via online surveys. Factor analysis revealed two dimensions of mind perception, Experience (for example, capacity for hunger) and Agency (for example, capacity for self-control). The dimensions predicted different moral judgments but were both related to valuing of mind.
Stability of model-based networked control systems with time-varying transmission times

In model-based networked control systems (MB-NCSs), an explicit model of the plant is used to produce an estimate of the plant state behavior between transmission times. In this paper, the stability of MB-NCSs is studied when the controller/actuator is updated with the sensor information at nonconstant time intervals. Networked control systems with transmission times that are varying either within a time interval or are driven by a stochastic process with identically independently distributed and Markov-chain driven transmission times are studied. Sufficient conditions for Lyapunov stability are derived. For stochastically modeled transmission times almost sure stability and mean-square sufficient conditions for stability are introduced.
The X‐ray diffraction, birefringence, and infrared dichroism of stretched polyethylene. III. Biaxial orientation

A set of functions for characterizing the crystal orientation in a biaxially oriented crystalline polymer is proposed. The additional orientation functions may be determined from a measurement of the variation of x-ray intensity with tilt angle of a film. From these functions and those described in Part II, the crystal contribution to the birefringence and the infrared dichroism of normal and tilted films may be calculated.
Plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate in chronic heart failure : hemodynamic and neurohormonal correlations and response to nitrate therapy

This study evaluated the relation between plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and hemodynamic and neurohormonal parameters in patients with chronic congestive heart failure and assessed the effect of organic nitrate on plasma cGMP levels. Plasma cGMP was fourfold higher in 18 patients with congestive heart failure compared with 15 control subjects (16.7 +/- 9.7 versus 4.0 +/- 1.0 pmol/ml; p < 0.0001) but did not correlate with plasma levels of catecholamines, renin, atrial natriuretic peptide, or with baseline hemodynamic values. The administration of a hemodynamically effective dose of oral isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg) resulted in a transient reduction in plasma cGMP from 16.7 +/- 9.7 pmol/ml at baseline to 13.0 +/- 6.6 pmol/ml at 1 hour (p < 0.05). This change was associated with small and statistically insignificant changes in neurohormonal values and had no relation to any of the hemodynamic changes. We concluded that (1) elevated plasma cGMP in congestive heart failure does not correlate with other neurohormonal or hemodynamic parameters and may be an independent parameter of heart failure, (2) in contrast to previously documented nitrate-mediated increases in intracellular cGMP, nitrate therapy results in a reduction in plasma cGMP, and (3) changes in plasma cGMP cannot serve as a surrogate measurement of changes in intracellular cGMP.
And the next 50 years? The future of recombinant DNA technology in oral medicine

As we celebrate this spectacular 50th anniversary, fluoridation continues to be the most effective public health strategy to reduce the disease burden of dental caries. Curiously, while H. Trendley Dean and his colleagues at the National Institutes of Health were investigating the effects of fluoride on tooth enamel in the mid-1930s, two young boys, one in London and the other in Chicago, were growing up to become the catalysts for another "biological revolution." These two very talented individuals, James Watson and Francis Crick, would later meet by accident at Cambridge and produce their seminal discovery published in April 1953 as a letter in Nature, a one-page article provoking an international scientific adventure to understand living organisms in terms of the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a universal genetic code and a rationale for the applications of recombinant DNA technology (rDNA) in fields as diverse as agriculture, energy, industry, and health. As we now reflect upon the triumphs from fluoridation and ponder the next 50 years and the complexities of craniofacial, oral, and dental diseases, it becomes increasingly evident that recombinant DNA technology coupled with health promotion, disease prevention, and public education offers the promise for remarkable advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutics in oral medicine.
We have it easy, but do we have it right?

Summary form only given. To evaluate an innovation in computer systems, performance analysts measure execution time or other metrics using one or more standard workloads. The performance analyst may carefully minimize the amount of measurement instrumentation, control the environment in which measurement takes place, and repeat each measurement multiple times. Finally, the performance analyst may use statistical techniques to characterize the data. Unfortunately, even with such a responsible approach, the collected data may be misleading due to measurement bias and observer effect. Measurement bias occurs when the experimental setup inadvertently favors a particular outcome. Observer effect occurs if data collection alters the behavior of the system being measured. This talk demonstrates that observer effect and measurement bias are (i) large enough to mislead performance analysts; and (ii) common enough that they cannot be ignored. While these phenomenon are well known to the natural and social sciences this talk will demonstrate that research in computer systems typically does not take adequate measures to guard against measurement bias and observer effect.
Introduction to Critical Review of Roentgenograms

Review of available roentgenograms, or x-ray films, by the attending physical therapist may be helpful in precise evaluation of patient status or progress or for educational purposes. This article presents background information on radiology and a simple mnemonic device for use in critically viewing roentgenograms. Eight case studies are presented in a programmed-learning format. Physical therapists are encouraged to adapt the following information to their specific setting and to produce a teaching package suitable for students and new staff members.
Extension of Vicarious Cold Calibration to 85–92 GHz for Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers

Vicarious cold calibration in the frequency range of 85-92 GHz is analyzed. Vicarious cold calibration cannot be applied at these frequencies as easily as at lower frequencies due to greater sensitivity to water vapor and hydrometeor scattering. The effects of that sensitivity are mitigated by selective filtering of the high-frequency brightness temperatures (TBs) to remove those data where large amounts of water vapor and/or hydrometeor scattering are present. Potential filtering algorithms are presented, and the performance of each with respect to vicarious cold calibration TB stability is characterized. A scattering-based precipitation filter that utilizes a combination of both the lower frequencies from 19 to 37 GHz and the frequencies from 85 to 92 GHz is shown to be the most effective and easily implemented filter. For horizontal polarization, the theoretical minimum TB at the higher frequencies occurs at an unphysically high sea surface temperature (SST), which makes the vicarious cold statistic more sensitive to the population of actual SST values as well as the higher amounts of water vapor associated with warm SSTs. The statistic is stabilized in this case by considering the difference between observed and simulated vicarious cold TBs. Intercalibration between two radiometers using the vicarious cold calibration double difference method at high frequencies is shown to be greatly improved when using the precipitation filter.
Motion planning for robot arm manipulators with proximity sensing

The problem of sensor-based path planning for robot arm manipulators operating among unknown obstacles of arbitrary shape is considered. It has been known that, in principle, algorithms with proven convergence can be designed for planar and simple three-dimensional robot arms operating under such conditions. However, implementation of these algorithms presents a variety of hardware and algorithmic problems related to covering the robot arm with a sensitive skin, processing data from large arrays of sensors, and designing algorithms for step-by-step motion planning based on limited information. The authors describe the hardware and the lower-level control algorithms of a system for robot motion planning in an uncertain environment and summarize results of experiments with the system. >
Flow birefringence behavior of some amylopectins and limit dextrins

The flow birefringence behavior of some amylopectins and their limit dextrins are reported. Though no quantitative interpretation is possible due to the great heterogeneity and their probable deformation in the flow gradient, several characteristics seem quite general. The extinction angle is relatively independent of the flow gradient. The gradient range over which observations could be made was limited at the lower end by lack of precision and at the higher end by precipitation which invariably occured. The birefringence curves characteristically showed a saturation behavior. Possible qualitative explanations for the observed behavior are discussed.
Cisco Systems, Inc.: Minding the GAAP?

ABSTRACT: Cisco Systems, Inc. manufactures and sells networking and communications products and provides services associated with that equipment and its use. In April 2001, Cisco announced a charge...
Shear Band Formation in Plane Strain Experiments of Sand

A series of biaxial (plane strain) experiments were conducted on three sands under low (15 kPa) and high (100 kPa) confining pressure conditions to investigate the effects of specimen density, confining pressure, and sand grain size and shape on the constitutive and stability behavior of granular materials. The three sands used in the experiments were fine-, medium-, and coarse-grained uniform silica sands with rounded, subangular, and angular grains, respectively. Specimen deformation was readily monitored and analyzed with the help of a grid pattern imprinted on the latex membrane. The overall stress-strain behavior is strongly dependent on the specimen density, confining pressure, sand grain texture, and the resulting failure mode(s). That became evident in different degrees of softening responses at various axial strains. The relationship between the constitutive behavior and the specimens' modes of instability is presented. The failure in all specimens was characterized by two distinct and opposite shear bands. It was found that the measured dilatancy angles increase as the sand grains' angularities and sizes increase. The measured shear band inclination angles are also presented and compared with classical Coulomb and Roscoe solutions.
The Drivers of Corporate Philanthropic Catastrophe Response: The Community-Event-Firm Triad

I investigate the factors explaining the variance of firms helping communities in the aftermath of natural catastrophes with a theoretical model comprising firm-, community-, and event-specific factors. In this model, corporate decision makers follow a mix of social preferences and strategic considerations. I use unique data of corporate donations to the relief fund of natural catastrophes that affected different countries in the period of 2002-2012 and a panel of 2011 multinational enterprises from 61 countries. The preliminary results show that firm’s visibility and economic connection with the affected community, and the relative development of the community exert a nontrivial influence in the magnitude and frequency of corporate donation. Additionally, I find that the salience of the event is significantly more influential in the corporate decision than the associated human loss.
Honing Leadership Skills at the Chapter Level.

![Figure][1] The path to leadership at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) is well worn by those leaders who came before, those men and women who led our organization through its many growth spurts and changes, both internally and externally, as the economy and health care landscape
Colon cancer and serum vitamin D metabolite levels 10-17 years prior to diagnosis

This study examines the hypothesis that low serum levels of vitamin D metabolites are associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. From August through November 1974, 20,305 residents of Washington County, Maryland, donated blood for storage at -70 degrees C in a serum bank. Colon cancer was subsequently diagnosed among 57 of these residents during the period 1984-1991. Controls had donated blood in 1974 and remained free of colon cancer through the date of diagnosis of the case. Two controls were matched to each case on age (+/- 1 year), race, sex, and date of blood draw (+/- 1 month). Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 23.6 ng/ml and 23.2 ng/ml, and mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were 34.7 pg/ml and 34.6 pg/ml, in cases and controls, respectively. Analysis by quintile of serum level similarly found that none of the 95% confidence intervals of the odds ratios excluded unity, and a dose-response effect was not observed. Our data provide no strong support for the hypothesis that vitamin D metabolite levels affect the subsequent risk for colon cancer.
A phase I study of a hypomethylating agent azacitidine in combination with carboplatin in patients with platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer

5087 Background: Hypermethylation is a common event associated with inactivation of a variety of genes and pathways involved in tumorigenesis and progression as well as drug resistance. Previous ev...
A Textbook Example of a Bow Shock in the Merging Galaxy Cluster 1E 0657–56

The Chandra image of the merging, hot galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56 reveals a bow shock propagating in front of a bullet-like gas cloud just exiting the disrupted cluster core. This is the first clear example of a shock front in a cluster. From the jumps in the gas density and temperature at the shock, the Mach number of the bullet-like cloud is 2-3. This corresponds to a velocity of 3000-4000 km s-1 relative to the main cluster, which means that the cloud traversed the core just 0.1-0.2 Gyr ago. The 6-7 keV bullet appears to be a remnant of a dense cooling flow region once located at the center of a merging subcluster whose outer gas has been stripped by ram pressure. The bullet's shape indicates that it is near the final stage of being destroyed by ram pressure and gasdynamic instabilities, as the subcluster galaxies move well ahead of the cool gas. The unique simplicity of the shock front and bullet geometry in 1E 0657-56 may allow a number of interesting future measurements. The cluster's average temperature is 14-15 keV but shows large spatial variations. The hottest gas (T > 20 keV) lies in the region of the radio halo enhancement and extensive merging activity involving subclusters other than the bullet.