cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-newtonian molecular dynamics and thermophysical properties

The main theme of the paper is to review computer simulation as a tool to study mechanisms in fluids and to understand better fluid behavior. The relationship between molecular dynamics and thermophysical properties of fluids is reviewed very briefly. The standard simulation algorithms that are available are listed. We emphasize, however, the importance of the recent molecular dynamics techniques that incorporate non-Newtonian equations of motion. Two topics are introduced as examples. First, the evidence of a transient solid-like structure observed from simulations of a dense model two-dimensional liquid is reported: we speculate that the transient structure influences the density dependence of many thermophysical properties of the real liquid. Second, a discussion of the structure factor of a system under shear, and its relation to the properties of the fluid, is given.
Direct Synthesis of Nanocrystalline HZSM-5 Zeolite via Varying-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis

A nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite was directly synthesized by two-stage varying-temperature synthesis method. The effects of second stage time and temperature on the particle size and morphology were of interest. The morphology of particles were specified by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and crystallinity of the samples were recorded by X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results. It was observed that second stage time had a strong effect on crystallinity and morphology; a highly crystalline ZSM-5 zeolite with twinned crystals was synthesised at 180 °C, 60h (second stage time and temperature ). The HZSM-5 particles synthesised at 180 °C, 18h (second stage time and temperature ) were 300600 nm in size and constructed by primary HZSM-5 nanocrystals of 20~30 nm.
Biology and management of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinidae) for vegetation control: a North American perspective

The grass carp is one of the largest members of the family Cyprinidae. In their native habitat, grass carp typically reach weights of 30–36 kg, but fish have been reported up to 181 kg. Successful reproduction is a function of temperature, age/size, and water conditions. Fish reach maturity when about 4 years old (4–5 kg). Spawning occurs when water temperature rises above 20°C. Because grass carp eggs are semipelagic, current during spawning is required to keep eggs in suspension while they incubate. In general, successful spawning takes place under rising water conditions in very long rivers. Fecundity is very high in normal diploid individuals; females may produce over one million eggs in a season. In triploid fish, eggs and sperm are produced, but the incidence of viable offspring (even when mated with diploids) is very low.
Regulation of Transfected Glycoprotein Hormone α-Gene Expression in Primary Pituitary Cell Cultures

Studies of gene regulation are greatly facilitated by the ability to transfect DNA into cultured cells. We examined a variety of transfection techniques to optimize transient expression of the human glycoprotein hormone α-gene in primary pituitary cells and subsequently investigated the regulation of α-promoter transcription. Expression vectors drivenby either the rous sarcoma virus-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (RSVCAT) or the human α-gene (αCAT) promoters were transfected into cultures of dispersed female rat pituitary cells using calcium phosphate (CaPO4), diethylaminoethyl-dextran, lipofection, and electroporation procedures. CAT activity was optimal using the CaPO4 technique, resulting in 511 ± 49% and 57 ± 5% conversion/100 μg protein/4 h for RSVCAT and αCAT, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses of αCAT expression using anti-CAT monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the α-gene promoter is expressed in pituitary cells, predominantly if not exclusively, in gonadotropes and thyrotropes. Ho...
Contingency management of an adult's inappropriate urination and masturbation in a family context

Abstract Contingency management was successfully applied to the inappropriate urination and masturbation of a 53-yr-old male. Although the behaviors occurred in a complex family context, the treatment has remained effective over a period of 6 months.
Secrets from friends and parents: longitudinal links with depression and antisocial behavior.

Abstract Keeping secrets from parents is associated with depression and antisocial behavior. The current study tested whether keeping secrets from best friends is similarly linked to maladjustment, and whether associations between secrecy and maladjustment are moderated by the quality of the friendship. Adolescents (N = 181; 51% female, 48% white, non-Hispanic, 45% African American) reported their secrecy from parents and best friends, the quality of their parent–adolescent relationships and best friendships, and their depression and antisocial behavior at ages 12 and 13. Keeping more secrets from best friends was associated with more depression, but not with more antisocial behavior, when controlling for earlier adjustment, secrecy from parents, and the quality of the friendship. For girls associations between maladjustment and secrecy were conditioned by the quality of the relationships and whether secrets were kept from parents and friends. Discussion argues for expanding the study of secrecy in adolescence beyond the parent–child dyad.
Type 3 reovirus neuroinvasion after intramuscular inoculation: viral genetic determinants of lethality and spinal cord infection.

Abstract To better understand the mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses invade peripheral nerve pathways and produce CNS disease, we defined the type 3 (T3) reovirus genes that are determinants of the capacity of reovirus T3 strain Dearing (T3D) and T3 clone 9 (C9) to infect the spinal cord and kill mice after hindlimb injection. T3D and C9 viruses are both highly virulent (LD 50 1 PFU) after intracranial injection of neonatal mice. However, C9 is significantly more lethal than T3D after either intramuscular injection (LD 50 1 vs LD 50 10 4 PFU) or peroral injection (LD 50 10 3.4 vs LD 50 > 10 8.3 PFU). Using reassortant viruses containing different combinations of genes derived from T3D and C9, we found that the S1 gene, encoding the cell attachment protein sigma 1 and the nonstructural protein sigma 1s, and the L3 gene, encoding the core shell protein lambda 1 were the primary determinants of lethality after intramuscular injection. The L3 gene and the L2 gene encoding spike protein, lambda 2, determined differences in spinal cord titer after intramuscular injection. A C9 × T3D mono-reassortant containing all T3D genes except for the C9-derived L3 was lethal after peroral injection. These studies indicate that the S1 , L2 , and L3 genes all play a potential role in neuroinvasiveness and provide the first identification of a role in pathogenesis for the L3 gene.
Paraplegia Resulting from Thoracolumbar Stenosis in a Seven-Month-Old Achondroplastic Dwarf

In young achondroplastic children, neurological manifestations have been found to include macrocephaly, hydrocephalus or ventriculomegaly and cervicomedullary compression. Occasionally in the second decade, lumbar radiculopathy or paraparesis resulting from severe thoracolumbar kyphosis develops. In this paper, we report the unique case of an achondroplastic dwarf who developed paraplegia due to thoracolumbar spinal cord compression at the age of 7 months. Compromise of the spinal canal was found to be due not to bony stenosis, but to a second layer of fibrous tissue, histologically identical to the dura. Treatment consisting of decompressive laminectomy and resection of the constricting tissue allowed the child to recover completely. Clinical, radiographic and pathological findings are discussed.
The Personal is Still Political: Embodied Politics in Third Wave Feminism

A close reading of essays by third wave feminists reveals that they privilege embodied politics, which are personal acts that aim to provoke change by exercising and resisting power in local sites. While respecting their emphasis on everyday politics, we note that third wavers seem naive about the importance of juridical power and less than fully informed about connections between embodied politics and previous feminist movements, particularly the radical branch of second wave American feminism.
Comparison of Pdf and eddy-dissipation combustion models applied to a propane jet flame

A sample calculation of a turbulent jet flame was performed using a finite volume method and a coupled finite volume-pdf method with a four-step reduced reaction scheme. The results demonstrate that the adopted kinetic mechanism gives a good general representation of the flame, but the CO, CO{sub 2}, and NO concentrations are predicted more accurately when the pdf method is incorporated. The models for convection and turbulent diffusion of the notional particles give acceptable results and there does not appear to be any inherent difficulty in extending the calculation procedure to general combustor flows with recirculation. A large portion of the computer time was used in calculating composition changes for each particle due to chemical reactions. Construction of an interpolation table similar to the one described by Chen and Kollmann would significantly reduce computing time.
Going Green: Strategies for Any Project

Abstract Green design is gaining acceptance. Some aspects of green design might even be said to be entering both mainstream practice and the wider public consciousness. There is an NAAB accreditation criteria focused on sustainability, and the actor Brad Pitt is a talking head for green building.1 The language of the various LEED rating systems has seeped into the vocabulary of most designers, and uncertain energy prices have given environmental concerns economic cachet. Even some of the more progressive planks of the green building platform are receiving significant support (though if only in principle so far) with both the National Association of Counties and the United States Conference of Mayors endorsing the greenhouse gas reduction goals of the 2030 Challenge.2 Yet, it still seems that a surprising number of clients remain unconvinced as to whether they should pursue green strategies in their buildings. Likewise, there remain many design professionals waiting for the “right” project with which to be...
The Origins and Development of Federal Crime Control Policy: Herbert Hoover's Initiatives

Hoover's Mark on Federal Justice Policy From Campaign to Crash: The Honeymoon Intellectual Resources for New Policy Initiatives Scientific Investigation: The Wickersham Commission Reforming Federal Cops and Courts Al Capone and the Campaign Against Organized Crime Federal Prison Reforms Marginal Concerns: Lynching, Massie, Pardons, Lindbergh, and Bonus Army March 4, 1933: Report Card on Crime and Justice Reforms Bibliography Index
Electron Scattering by H2 with and without Vibrational Excitation. II. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Elastic Scattering

Elastic scattering of electrons by hydrogen as function of vibrational excitation, discussing intensities and cross sections
Pyruvate incubation enhances glycogen stores and sustains neuronal function during subsequent glucose deprivation.

Abstract The use of energy substrates, such as lactate and pyruvate, has been shown to improve synaptic function when administered during glucose deprivation. In the present study, we investigated whether prolonged incubation with monocarboxylate (pyruvate or lactate) prior rather than during glucose deprivation can also sustain synaptic and metabolic function. Pyruvate pre-incubation(3–4 h) significantly prolonged (> 25 min) the tolerance of rat hippocampal slices to delayed glucose deprivation compared to control and lactate pre-incubated slices, as revealed by field excitatory post synaptic potentials (fEPSPs); pre-incubation with pyruvate also reduced the marked decrease in NAD(P)H fluorescence resulting from glucose deprivation. Moreover, pyruvate exposure led to the enhancement of glycogen stores with time, compared to glucose alone (12 μmol/g tissue at 4 h vs. 3.5 μmol/g tissue). Prolonged resistance to glucose deprivation following exogenous pyruvate incubation was prevented by glycogenolysis inhibitors, suggesting that enhanced glycogen mediates the delay in synaptic activity failure. The application of an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist enhanced glycogen utilization and prolonged the time to synaptic failure, further confirming this hypothesis of the importance of glycogen. Moreover, tissue levels of ATP were also significantly maintained during glucose deprivation in pyruvate pretreated slices compared to control and lactate. In summary, these experiments indicate that pyruvate exposure prior to glucose deprivation significantly increased the energy buffering capacity of hippocampal slices, particularly by enhancing internal glycogen stores, delaying synaptic failure during glucose deprivation by maintaining ATP levels, and minimizing the decrease in the levels of NAD(P)H.
A shallow-diving seabird predator as an indicator of prey availability in southern California waters: A longitudinal study

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that the Elegant Tern ( Thalasseus elegans ), a plunge-diving predator, is an indicator of changes in the prey community in southern California coastal waters. Shannon diversity (H′) of the tern's diet determined from dropped fish collected variously at the three nesting sites for 18 years over a 21-year interval (1993–2013) showed no significant change in diet diversity. Based on a species–accumulation curve, total diet species represented about 70% of an extrapolated asymptotic richness. Abundance patterns of five prey species making up > 75% of prey numbers for all years were compared with abundance patterns of the same species in independent surveys obtained from zooplankton tows, bottom trawls and power-plant entrapments. Three of the five species – northern anchovy, kelp pipefish and California lizardfish – showed significant, positive correlations between diet and survey abundances. Even though the tern's diet has been dominated by anchovy and pipefish, its diet is still broad, with prey taxa representing > 75% of the 42 species groups making up the California shelf fish fauna. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that the Elegant Tern, with its flexible diet, is a qualitative indicator, a sentinel, of changes in the prey communities in southern California coastal waters.
Transsulphuration and methylation of homocysteine in control and mutant human fibroblasts.

Abstract The ability of human skin-fibroblasts in monolayer culture to carry out transsulphuration and remethylation of homocysteine has been tested. The conversion of homocyst(e)ine to cyst(e)ine and methionine was studied in control and mutant cells by incubation for 16 h with l -[ 35 S]homocystine. Labelled cysteic acid and methionine sulphone were found in hydrolysates of oxidized cell proteins. The quantities found were dependent on the time of incubation and were used as a measure of cyst(e)ine and methionine formation, respectively. In control cells, labelled cyst(e)ine and labelled methionine were found. In cystathionine β-synthase-deficient cell lines, labelled cyst(e)ine formation was reduced, while labelled methionine formed was similar to that of controls, indicating the role of transsulphuration in the formation of cyst(e)ine observed in control cells. In a 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficient cell line, labelled methionine formation was reduced, indicating the role of N -5-methyltetrahydrofolate-requiring methylation of homocysteine in the formation of methionine observed in control cells.
Wherein Lies the Unity of the Bible

tempts to teach and to preach biblical faith in a modern setting. No sooner do we present one set of generalizations on the basis of one selection of biblical passages or books than we may be confronted with other passages which seem to say the opposite. When we attempt to present in some systematic way the theology of the Bible, which should be the chief, agent for the presentation of its unity, we are confronted with the seemingly insuperable obstacle that the Bible was never written
Hardware overhead analysis of programmability in ARX crypto processing

This paper evaluates the area and performance overhead of a programmable cryptographic accelerator specialized to support ARX (Add, Rotate, and Xor) based encryption standards, which are common in symmetric cryptography. This overhead is measured by comparing to a variety of custom ARX implementations optimized specifically for π -- Cipher. This is a new algorithm for authenticated encryption that offers advantages over AES-GCM and is a candidate in the CAESAR competition. The programmable processor is designed to accommodate different word sizes, different block sizes and different security levels. The custom variants require separate versions to support these diverse capabilities. We find that the overhead of the programmability is quite high. For example, we implemented the Programmable Processing Element PPE in 227 slices, achieving a throughput of about 1.2 Gbps/block, regardless of the word size. In comparison, our best custom 64-bit implementation so far requires 445 slices, achieving 3.09 Gbps. This means that two PPEs running in parallel can achieve 75% of the throughput of the custom 64-bit solution, while providing flexibility to support diverse cryptographic standards.
Electrographic recording from bovine vomeronasal capsule under spontaneous and stimulated conditions.

Abstract The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is an accessory olfactory system which in many vertebrates seems to be involved in reproductive behavior, particularly in permitting males to detect estrus in conspecific females. We postulated that EEG-like field potentials could be recorded from the VNO because the organ has a sensory epithelium that can discharge in response to odorants, and because VNO receptor cells are structurally similar to cells in the olfactory mucosa that produce field potentials (the “electro-olfactogram”). We examined this postulate in male cattle by surgically implanting recording/perfusion cannulae into the ducts leading to each VNO. Both bipolar (between VNOs) and reference recording revealed continuous spontaneous voltage fluctuations that were similar to an EEG, except that amplitudes were larger and frequencies slower. Simultaneous recording of the EEG and VNO, using the same nasal reference electrode revealed that neither signal was “contaminated” by voltages from the other. Perfusions of one VNO with whole urine, urine condensate, or aqueous reconstituted urine extracts, whether from females in estrus or in anestrus, produced massive transient electrical responses from both VNOs. Perfusion with penicillin or local anesthetics caused more sustained large electrical responses from both VNOs, except that activity became quiescent about 15 min after local anesthesia. These results suggest that it is feasible to use direct recording of VNO responses to stimulation to investigate the behavioral physiology of the VNO. The cellular origin of these potentials is not self-evident, inasmuch as there are several probable sources: VNO receptor cells, cells of origin of the nervus terminalis, trigeminal afferents, vasomotor fibers, vascular erectile tissue, and fluid motion in the VNO. The experimental approach that is presented here could provide an assay system for exploring comparative functions and the behavioral significance of the various cell types that are associated with the mammalian VNO.
Digital interference cancellation for multimedia transmission in full duplex communication link

In this paper, we propose the concept of digital interference cancellation as an effective solution to mitigate the induced self-interference due to energy coupling in full duplex communication (FD) channels. A Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive digital filter is incorporated at each transmitting/receiving node and the desired signal is obtained by subtracting a reference signal from the received one. For verification purposes, a multimedia signal, specifically, voice, is applied as a received data at a terminal that is in a transmission state with the presence of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Different examples utilizing audio signals are presented and discussed. The recovered data validates the designed scheme.
The Study of Emotion Socialization: Conceptual, Methodological, and Developmental Considerations

Wegner, D. M., Ansfield, M., & Pilloff, D. (1998). The putt and the pendulum: Ironic effects of the mental control of action. Psychological Science, 9, 196-199. Wegner, D. M., & Wenzlaff, R. M. (1996). Mental control. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 466-492). New York: Guilford. Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615-640. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Bates, D. E. (1998). Unmasking a cognitive vulnerability to depression: How lapses in mental control reveal depressive thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1559-1571. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Bates, D. E. (1999). Approach and avoidance strategies of mental control: The advantage of embracing desirable thoughts. Manuscript submitted for publication. Wenzlaff, R. M., Wegner, D. M., & Klein, S. B. (1991). The role of thought suppression in the bonding of thought and mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 500-508.
VIDEODISCS IN COMMUNITY COLLEGE EDUCATION

Community colleges must move into the future; and the future is videodisc technology. This article explains how videodiscs operate and why they are advantageous to the training community colleges provide. Community colleges are no longer restricted to straight lecture‐type formats. Computers and videodiscs provide promising alternatives.
Structural Opportunity or Ethnic Advantage? Immigrant Business Development in New York

Research on ethnic enterprise emerged in the United States as part of an attempt to explain the historical differences in business activity between blacks and other ethnic groups. In Beyond the Mel...
Superplastic behavior of a powder metallurgy TiAl alloy with a metastable microstructure

Abstract Superplasticity in a powder metallurgy (P/M) TiAl alloy (Ti–47Al–2Cr–1Nb–1Ta) with a metastable B2 phase coexisted with a fine-grained γ+α2 duplex structure has been studied. Alloy samples were tested at temperatures ranging from 650 to 1100°C, and at strain rates ranging from 10−6 to 10−4 s−1. An elongation of over 300% was obtained at a strain rate of 2×10−5 s−1 and at a temperature of 800°C, which is close to the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the alloy. This is in contrast to the prior observations of superplastic behavior of TiAl alloys in which a typical temperature of 1000°C is usually required for achieving superplasticity. It is suggested that the occurrence of low-temperature (800°C) superplasticity in the present alloy is primarily due to the presence of a metastable B2 phase in addition to a fine-grained (α2+γ) duplex microstructure. The metastable B2 phase continues to decompose into fine-grained α2 and γ phases, which promotes grain boundary sliding during superplastic deformation. The retained fine B2 grains accommodate the sliding strains to reduce the propensity of cavitation at grain triple junctions and thus delay the cavitation and fracture process.
Oscillatory behavior of control-systems of calcium homeostasis in chickens.

Computer simulation of calcium homeostasis in chicks predicted an oscillatory behavior of bone calcium flow and kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 hydroxylase with a periodicity of 56 h and a 9 h phase difference between the two signals. In growing chickens subjected to a light: dark cycle of 22:2 h, and intravenously dosed with 45Ca, the temporal changes in plasma 45Ca could be described by an exponential decline with superimposed diurnal oscillations. The activity of the renal 25-hydpoxyvitamil D3-1-hydroxylase in chicks subjected to a 12:12 h light: dark cycle ALSO followed diupnal oscillations, with a ladir at the beginning of the light period and a peak 12 h later. The production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by primary cultures of chicken kidney cells mscillated with a periodicity of 5.6 h or shorter. It is suggested that despite the differences in phase and periodicity between the simulation predictions and actual results, the oscillations in both 1-hydroxylase and bone calcium flow could be coupled through the hormonal systems involved in regulation of plasma calcium.
Cortical mechanisms underlying acquisition of latch-box problems in the white rat

Adult rats, previously subjected to bilateral frontal, parietal, occipital, frontocingulate or posterior cingulate ablations, were required to learn two discrete latch-box tasks (sliding a barrel-bolt to the right and elevating a hook). Those groups showing significant learning impairments had lesions to either the frontal cortex or frontocingulate cortex. The data suggest that the neocortical focus for latch-box deficits lies rostral to Level 8 on the Lashley brain diagram, while the frontocingulate focus for latch-box deficits lies within the prelimbic area.
Adaptive Feedforward Vibration Control of Flexible Structure With Discrete Sliding Mode Controller

This paper presents an adaptive feedforward control scheme using the least mean square (LMS) algorithm combined with sliding mode control for a flexible beam using piezoceramic actuator. A finite element model of the dynamic response of flexible beam system with PZT patches is derived and analyzed. Implementation of an adaptive LMS feedforward controller has the advantages of inherent stability and simplicity in design. The proposed adaptive LMS feedforward control system maintains the basic structure of the adaptive feedforward controller, but incorporates reference model in the system. Discrete sliding mode controller is added in the feedback loop to enhance the robustness of control system subjected to the variation of system parameters and external disturbances. Simulation results from flexible beam model verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive LMS feedforward with sliding mode control scheme and good disturbance rejection properties.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Immune studies in human immunodeficiency virus infection with myasthenia gravis A case report

A patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection had cellular and humoral immune responses studied longitudinally from the onset of generalized myasthenia gravis. Progressive decline in CD4+, CD45R+ and CD4+, CDw29+ T-cells, cellular immune responses to alloantigen and mitogen stimulation, and acetylcholine receptor antibody titers were associated with clinical improvement of all myasthenic symptoms.
Acceptance of a Polypill Approach to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease Among a Sample of U.S. Physicians

Abstract Objective To examine US physicians' self-reported knowledge about the Polypill, factors considered in deciding whether to prescribe it, and acceptance of prescribing it for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Methods Numerical scales of 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest) were used to assess self-reported knowledge and importance of factors relevant to making a decision to prescribe a Polypill. Characteristics of physicians indicating they would prescribe a Polypill were compared. Results Among 952 physicians surveyed February through March 2010, mean self-rated knowledge about the Polypill was 2.0 ± 1.5. Importance of degree of CVD event reduction, cost, and side effects were rated with means of 4.4, 4.3, and 4.3, respectively. 83% of respondents indicated they would “definitely” or “probably” prescribe it for high-risk patients; 62% would do so for moderate risk patients. Physicians with self-rated knowledge at ≥ 75th percentile were more likely to indicate they would prescribe a Polypill for moderate risk (adjusted OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.60–2.93) and high-risk (adjusted OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.07–2.32) patients. Conclusion Among this sample of physicians, there is relatively high acceptance of prescribing a Polypill for CVD prevention despite relatively modest knowledge about it.
PARTHENOCARPY INDUCED BY POLLEN EXTRACTS

PARTHENOCARPY, unlike parthenogenesis, is a term infrequently used.; yet the former phenomenon is perhaps the more prevalent of the two. Bananas, seedless grapes, grapefruit, oranges, and cucumbers may be cited as common illustrations of parthenocarpy. But these are not the parthenocarpic fruits in which the writer is interested. From numerous genetical studies we are familiar with another type of parthenocarpy. Sometimes when cross pollinations are made between species or genera, no seeds are produced, but the ovary develops into a fruit. VWhat causes these fruits to develop? Usually it is considered, perhaps without much thought, that the growth of the ovary into a fruit is the result of the development of an embryo and the resulting seed. But obviously that cannot be the explanation of the parthenocarpially formed fruits. Since 1902, when MIassart placed dead pollen on the stigma of an orchiid and observed a slight enlargement of the ovary, attempts have been made to discover what causes the ovary to develop into a fruit when no embryos are formed. In 1909 Fitting experimented extensively with tropical orchids at the Botanical Gardens at Buitenzorg. He made detailed observations on the normal responses of the orchid flowers to pollination and compared with them the responses produced when dead or foreign pollen or pollen extracts were placed on the stigma of a flower. The normal responses were a closing of the stigma, a shortening of the life of the flower, an enlargement of the gynostemium, an enlargement of the ovary, and sometimes a change in the color of the corolla. He found that mechanical injury shortened the life of the flower to about the same extent as pollination or the placing of dead pollinia on the stigma. Dead or ungerminated pollen on the stigma caused it to close, and usually a swelling of the gynostemium also took place, but neither brought about the swelling of the ovary. He made cold and hot water extracts of pollinia and found that, when placed on the stigmatic surface, extracts from some species caused a slight swelling of the ovary, but extracts from other species had no effect upon the ovary. Some of these extracts also caused color changes in the corolla. Ile further found that absolute alcohol extracts were as effective as water extracts. He found active substance only in the viscid material holding the individual pollen grains together and thouight it might also be produced in the pollen tubes; he considered it to be absent from
Advanced Manufacturing Technology Investment Patterns

This study presents a longitudinal analysis of patterns of investment in advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) and financial performance. Investments in AMT from fifty manufacturing plants in the metalworking industries are examined. Data was collected via mail surveys administered to fifty manufacturing plants at three separate data collection times: 1994, 1996, and 1998. This study seeks to fill a void in the area of technology management, which is comprised primarily of cross‐sectional studies that do not address the dynamic nature of investments in technology. The results suggest differences in the evolutionary profile of several technologies, including e‐mail, bar coding, robotics, and computer aided design. Further tests indicate that there is a positive relationship between many of these technologies and plant financial performance. Finally, the longitudinal data suggest that there is approximately a two‐year time lag between investment in technology and performance improvements.
Inhibition of lysosomal cysteine proteases by chrysotherapeutic compounds: a possible mechanism for the antiarthritic activity of Au(I).

Abstract Although Au(I) complexes have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for over 75 years, their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. A family of enzymes responsible for joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, the cathepsins, has been discussed as a possible biological target of Au(I). In this study, inhibition of the cathepsins by known Au(I) drugs and related compounds was investigated. The compounds tested inhibited cathepsin activity with IC50 values as low as 600 nM. More typical IC50 values were in the 50–200 μM range. Although the gold complexes are not extremely potent cathepsin inhibitors, it is likely that this inhibition is biologically relevant given the high concentrations of Au(I) in the serum and joints of patients undergoing chrysotherapy. While it is likely that there are multiple targets of Au(I) in vivo, inhibition of the cathepsins would provide protection against the joint destruction that is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis and is one possible mechanism for Au(I) antiarthritic activity.
A comparison between tube-shaped and solid cylinder antennas

A comparison is made between center fed antennas consisting of a thin-walled circular tube and of a solid conducting cylinder of the same radius and length. The distributions of the surface current in the two cases are obtained by numerical solution of integral equations for the electric field strength in the extensions of the antenna surface. The current distribution and the radiation patterns are calculated for wavelength-to-radius ratios 10, 30, and 100, with the half length of the antenna equal to 0.23, 0.50, and 0.73 wavelengths.
Magnetic and thermal properties of nanoscale heavy-fermion particles

The heavy-fermion state in some rare-earth and actinide compounds arises from a hybridization of extended conduction states with strongly correlated localized f states. The properties of the heavy fermions are those of a Fermi liquid with small Fermi energy of the order of ${T}_{K}.$ In nanosized particles, however, the conduction states have discrete energy levels and the energy spacing leads to an additional energy scale that competes with the Kondo temperature. A small heavy-fermion particle is considered, described by the Anderson model in the $U\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit, so that only two electronic configurations\char22{}namely, ${f}^{0}$ and ${f}^{1}$\char22{}are allowed. A mean-field approximation with one slave boson per f site is used to study the susceptibility, the entropy, and the specific heat at low temperatures. All quantities increase rapidly with T as a consequence of exponential activations due to the discreteness of the energy spectrum until the heavy-electron state is formed. The possibility of ferromagnetic order is investigated using the formulation of Kotliar and Ruckenstein in terms of three auxiliary bosons per site. The mean-field approximation yields several possible magnetic phases for the ground state as a function of the f-level position. In the strongly mixed-valent regime the transition from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic phase is signaled as a function of temperature by a diverging susceptibility. It is concluded that the thermal and magnetic properties of very small heavy-fermion particles are quite different from those of bulk heavy-fermion material.
Curtin–Hammett principle: application to benzene oxide–oxepin tautomers

The very rapid benzene oxide/oxepin equilibrium plays an important role in the metabolism of benzene by cytochrome P450. Although it is the benzene oxide valence tautomer that is attacked by nucleophiles and rearranges to phenols in acidic media, it is the oxepin valence isomers that suffer one-electron oxidation. However, some other reactions are more competitive and also furnish useful illustrations of the Curtin–Hammett principle. For example, while oxepin and benzene oxide are comparable in energy, the only reaction product with maleic anhydride is the Diels–Alder adduct with benzene oxide. Density function theory (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculations are employed for study of three sets of benzene oxide/oxepin equilibria and Diels–Alder reactions with maleic anhydride and dimethylazodicarboxylate as well as epoxidation by dioxirane. Comparisons are made between theory and published experimental data.
Alterations of the extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer studied by Second Harmonic Generation imaging microscopy

Background Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in ovarian cancer, and we hypothesize that these alterations may provide a better optical marker of early disease than currently available imaging/screening methods and that understanding their physical manifestations will provide insight into invasion.
Organizational Impediments to Development Assistance: The World Bank's Population Program

Attempts to explain why the population program of the World Bank has fallen so far short of expectations by means of an examination of organizational characteristics within the Bank which limit the flexibility needed to perform adequately in the population field. The process by which the Bank decided to become involved in promoting population control is outlined after which the Banks population program is discussed in terms of 3 major principles that the Bank believes to be basic to its effectiveness: 1) its special relationship with its clients the finance and planning ministries of developing countries; 2) its tecnology for rendering assistance as embodied in its project lending procedures including detailed specification of project plans before approval of loans centralization of decisions affecting the preparation and implementation of projects and identification of discrete "investment-oriented" activities to be financed by the Bank; 3) its independence from other organizations that provide development assistance. The Banks response to shortcomings of its population programs--initiation of lending directly for health services and merging of the Population Projects Department into the new Population Health and Nutrition Department--is discussed in terms of its implications for population activities. Possible directions for change are indicated throughout the article.
Reaction Mechanism in (p, pn) Reactions at 17 MeV

($p, \mathrm{pn}$) reactions induced by 17-MeV protons on 12 different nuclei are studied by coincidence detection and energy measurements of the emitted neutron and proton. Probabilities of exciting various final states and of ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$) reactions (i.e., no neutron emission) are measured as a function of the energy of the emitted particles, and attempts are made to explain the results with a model assuming that these are ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) reactions followed by neutron boil-off. There are many disagreements with the predictions of this model, and many inconsistencies between results from the different nuclei under this interpretation. It is shown that including contributions from ($p, n$) reactions followed by proton boil-off does little to improve the situation. The results might be explained if both particles are emitted in a direct reaction, although there is difficulty with the simplest such reaction, a single collision knockout, in that there is poor correlation between states excited in these reactions and in pickup reactions such as ($p, d$).
A paleobiologic perspective on plant–insect interactions

Fossil plant–insect associations (PIAs) such as herbivory and pollination have become increasingly relevant to paleobiology and biology. Researchers studying fossil PIAs now employ procedures for assuring unbiased representation of field specimens, use of varied analytical quantitative techniques, and address ecological and evolutionarily important issues. For herbivory, the major developments are: Late Silurian–Middle Devonian (ca. 420–385 Ma a ) origin of herbivory; Late Pennsylvanian (318–299 Ma) expansion of herbivory; Permian (299–252 Ma) herbivore colonization of new habitats; consequences of the end-Permian (252 Ma) global crisis; early Mesozoic (ca. 235–215 Ma) rediversification of plants and herbivores; end-Cretaceous (66.5 Ma) effects on extinction; and biological effects of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (55.8 Ma). For pollination, salient issues include: Permian pollination evidence; the plant hosts of mid-Mesozoic (ca. 160–110 Ma) long-proboscid pollinators; and effect of the angiosperm revolution (ca. 125–90 Ma) on earlier pollinator relationships. Multispecies interaction studies, such as contrasting damage types with insect diversity and establishing robust food webs, expand the compass and relevance of past PIAs.
Geocoding accuracy and the recovery of relationships between environmental exposures and health

This research develops methods for determining the effect of geocoding quality on relationships between environmental exposures and health. The likelihood of detecting an existing relationship – statistical power – between measures of environmental exposures and health depends not only on the strength of the relationship but also on the level of positional accuracy and completeness of the geocodes from which the measures of environmental exposure are made. This paper summarizes the results of simulation studies conducted to examine the impact of inaccuracies of geocoded addresses generated by three types of geocoding processes: a) addresses located on orthophoto maps, b) addresses matched to TIGER files (U.S Census or their derivative street files); and, c) addresses from E-911 geocodes (developed by local authorities for emergency dispatch purposes). The simulated odds of disease using exposures modelled from the highest quality geocodes could be sufficiently recovered using other, more commonly used, geocoding processes such as TIGER and E-911; however, the strength of the odds relationship between disease exposures modelled at geocodes generally declined with decreasing geocoding accuracy. Although these specific results cannot be generalized to new situations, the methods used to determine the sensitivity of results can be used in new situations. Estimated measures of positional accuracy must be used in the interpretation of results of analyses that investigate relationships between health outcomes and exposures measured at residential locations. Analyses similar to those employed in this paper can be used to validate interpretation of results from empirical analyses that use geocoded locations with estimated measures of positional accuracy.
Why are residential and school moves associated with poor school performance

Most research on residential mobility has documented a clear pattern: Residential and school moves are associated with poor academic performance. Explanations for this relationship, however, remain speculative. Some researchers argue that moving affects social relationships that are important to academic achievement. But the association between moving and school performance may be spurious; the negative correlation may be a function of other characteristics of people who move often. We offer several conceptual and analytical refinements to these ideas, allowing us to produce more precise tests than past researchers. Using longitudinal data, we find that differences in achievement between movers and nonmovers are partially a result of declines in social relationships experienced by students who move. Most of the negative effect of moving, however, is due to preexisting differences between the two groups.
Characterizing the effects of d-amphetamine on temporal discrimination.

Although the effects of dopamine agonists on temporal discrimination have been widely studied, conclusions as to their behavioral and neurophysiological effects are difficult due to a number of discrepant findings in the literature. This study examined whether a previously unexplored procedural difference could account for some of these discrepancies. In three experiments, pigeons categorized the duration of temporal samples during two variants of the interval-bisection procedure. In the position variant, responses to a side key that corresponded to the sample duration produced food. In the color-matching variant, responses to the key color that corresponded to the sample duration produced food. Across experiments, d-amphetamine produced a general disruption of temporal discrimination not accompanied by over or underestimation of time in both procedures. This effect occurred whether pigeons were exposed to both procedures within session (Experiment 1) or across conditions (Experiments 2 and 3) and whether the pigeons were drug experienced (Experiments 1 and 2) or naive (Experiment 3). Analyses of the cumulative normal functions fitted to the proportion-long response data indicated that d-amphetamine produced its effects by selectively decreasing stimulus control, rather than by affecting timing.
FACS analysis of a hyperthermia-induced alteration in Hoechst 33342 permeability and direct measurement of its relationship to cell survival.

Heat-induced alterations in CHO-10B cell Hoechst 33342 (Ho342) permeability in vitro were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immediately after 45.5/sup 0/C heating, uptake was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with cytotoxicity. Kinetic analysis indicated that a treatment that reduced cell survival to approximately 10%, reduced the maximal velocity, V/sub max'/ to 53% of control and increased the dissociation constant, K/sub m/, to 156% of control. Also, little change in Ho342 efflux was found to occur from control up to 90 min after heating. Upon incubation at 37/sup 0/C after the heat treatment from 1 to 24 hr (depending on the severity of the dose) diffuse heterogeneity of Ho342 staining developed which was not evident immediately after heating. The altered staining was not due to the presence of trypan blue staining cells. Membrane permeabilization and nuclei isolation studies indicated that the lesion responsible was most likely a plasma membrane event. Induction of the heterogenous staining was not inhibited by either actinomycin D or hydroxyurea but was inhibited by incubation at 4/sup 0/C. An inverse correlation existed between Ho342 permeability and clonogenicity, with nearly a 10-fold difference in survival between the high and low fluorescence intensity sorted cells. Also, larger fractions of heat-sensitivemore » S and G2M-phase cells were found in the highly fluorescent sorted fractions. These results are discussed in terms of the putative molecular events that may be involved in hyperthermic modulation of Ho342 permeability.« less
The Proteasome α-Subunit XAPC7 Interacts Specifically with Rab7 and Late Endosomes

Rab7 is a key regulatory protein governing early to late endocytic membrane transport. In this study the proteasome α-subunit XAPC7 (also known as PSMA7, RC6-1, and HSPC in mammals) was identified to interact specifically with Rab7 and was recruited to multivesicular late endosomes through this interaction. The protein interaction domains were localized to the C terminus of XAPC7 and the N terminus of Rab7. XAPC7 was not found on early or recycling endosomes, but could be recruited to recycling endosomes by expression of a Rab7-(1-174)Rab11-(160-202) chimera, establishing a central role for Rab7 in the membrane recruitment of XAPC7. Although XAPC7 could be shown to associate with membranes bearing ubiquitinated cargo, overexpression had no impact on steady-state ubiquitinated protein levels. Most notably, overexpression of XAPC7 was found to impair late endocytic transport of two different membrane proteins, including EGFR known to be highly dependent on ubiquitination and proteasome activity for proper endocytic sorting and lysosomal transport. Decreased late endocytic transport caused by XAPC7 overexpression was partially rescued by coexpression of wild-type Rab7, suggesting a negative regulatory role for XAPC7. Nevertheless, Rab7 itself was not subject to XAPC7-dependent proteasomal degradation. Together the data establish the first direct molecular link between the endocytic trafficking and cytosolic degradative machineries.