cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of dynamic SPECT/CT measurements of the arterial input function in human subjects

Measurement of the arterial input function (AIF) is essential to deriving quantitative estimates of regional myocardial blood flow using kinetic models. Accurate measurements have been possible with a wide range of radiotracers in both research and clinical PET/CT imaging. However, accurate measurements of the AIF with dynamic SPECT or SPECT/CT have posed various challenges; foremost being that imaging a rapidly evolving radiotracer distribution with a slowly-rotating single- or dual-head SPECT scanner yields temporally inconsistent projection data. A method is developed for quantifying the AIF in human subjects from dynamic SPECT/CT measurements of 99mTc-tetrofosmin concentration in the left atrium imaged with a Philips Precedence SPECT/CT scanner. A 2-minute infusion is imaged in a series of eight back-to-back 180-degree continuous-mode acquisitions (or rotations), with the dual camera heads. In each acquisition a set of 36 projections (128 × 128 pixels of dimension 3.19 mm × 3.19 mm) is acquired in each rotation each over a time span of 54 seconds yielding a total acquisition time of 432 seconds. The AIF is computed using both traditional image-based analysis and full spatiotemporal image reconstruction methods (referred to as 4D recon). The errors induced by data inconsistency are evaluated by two approaches. The first method derives SPECT-like dynamic (inconsistent) projection data from selected forward projections, chosen from modeled SPECT acquisitions, of existing dynamic 94Tc-MIBI PET images. The second validation method uses a database of SPECT measurements of an anthropomorphic phantom to generate SPECT-like projections. The first validation study using a two minute infusion showed very little bias in the time-activity curves estimated from the simulated dynamic cardiac SPECT patient study; whereas, the second validation study using a one minute infusion showed considerable more bias in the estimated time-activity curves and parametric parameters. We believe that this is the result of selecting non optimum basis functions.
Elevating fitness after a horizontal gene exchange in bacteriophage φX174

In an earlier study, protein-based barriers to horizontal gene transfer were investigated by placing the bacteriophage G4 G gene, encoding the major spike protein, into the φX174 genome. The foreign G protein promoted off-pathway assembly reactions, resulting in a lethal phenotype. After three targeted genetic selections, one of two foreign spike proteins was productively integrated into the φX174 system: the complete G4 or a recombinant G4/φX174 protein (94% G4:6% φX174). However, strain fitness was very low. In this study, the chimeras were characterized and experimentally evolved. Inefficient assembly was the primary contributor to low fitness: accordingly, mutations affecting assembly restored fitness. The spike protein preference of the ancestral and evolved strains was determined in competition experiments between the foreign and φX174G proteins. Before adaptation, both G proteins were incorporated into virions; afterwards, the foreign proteins were strongly preferred. Thus, a previously inhibitory protein became the preferred substrate during assembly.
Loss of EGFR-ASAP1 signaling in metastatic and unresectable hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma (HBL), the most common childhood liver cancer is cured with surgical resection after chemotherapy or with liver transplantation if local invasion and multifocality preclude resection. However, variable survival rates of 60–80% and debilitating chemotherapy sequelae argue for more informed treatment selection, which is not possible by grading the Wnt-β-catenin over activity present in most HBL tumors. A hypothesis-generating whole transcriptome analysis shows that HBL tumors removed at transplantation are enriched most for cancer signaling pathways which depend predominantly on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, and to a lesser extent, on aberrant Wnt-β-catenin signaling. We therefore evaluated whether EGFR, ASAP1, ERBB2 and ERBB4, which signal downstream after ligation of EGF, and which show aberrant expression in several other invasive cancers, would also predict HBL tumor invasiveness. Immunohistochemistry of HBL tumors (n = 60), which are histologically heterogeneous, shows that compared with well-differentiated fetal cells, less differentiated embryonal and undifferentiated small cells (SCU) progressively lose EGFR and ASAP1 expression. This trend is exaggerated in unresectable, locally invasive or metastatic tumors, in which embryonal tumor cells are EGFR-negative, while SCU cells are EGFR-negative and ASAP1-negative. Loss of EGFR-ASAP1 signaling characterizes undifferentiated and invasive HBL. EGFR-expressing HBL tumors present novel therapeutic targeting opportunities.
Asymmetry in growth and decay of the geomagnetic dipole revealed in seafloor magnetization

Abstract Geomagnetic intensity fluctuations provide important constraints on time-scales associated with dynamical processes in the outer core. PADM2M is a reconstructed time series of the 0–2 Ma axial dipole moment (ADM). After smoothing to reject high frequency variations PADM2M's average growth rate is larger than its decay rate. The observed asymmetry in rates of change is compatible with longer term diffusive decay of the ADM balanced by advective growth on shorter time scales, and provides a potentially useful diagnostic for evaluating numerical geodynamo simulations. We re-analyze the PADM2M record using improved low-pass filtering to identify asymmetry and quantify its uncertainty via bootstrap methods before applying the new methodology to other kinds of records. Asymmetry in distribution of axial dipole moment derivatives is quantified using the geomagnetic skewness coefficient, s g . A positive value indicates the distribution has a longer positive tail and the average growth rate is greater than the average decay rate. The original asymmetry noted by Ziegler and Constable (2011) is significant and does not depend on the specifics of the analysis. A long-term record of geomagnetic intensity should also be preserved in the thermoremanent magnetization of oceanic crust recovered by inversion of stacked profiles of marine magnetic anomalies. These provide an independent means of verifying the asymmetry seen in PADM2M. We examine three near-bottom surveys: a 0 to 780 ka record from the East Pacific Rise at 19°S, a 0 to 5.2 Ma record from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge at 51°S, and a chron C4Ar–C5r (9.3–11.2 Ma) record from the NE Pacific. All three records show an asymmetry similar in sense to PADM2M with geomagnetic skewness coefficients, s g > 0 . Results from PADM2M and C4Ar–C5r are most robust, reflecting the higher quality of these geomagnetic records. Our results confirm that marine magnetic anomalies can carry a record of the asymmetric geomagnetic field behavior first found for 0–2 Ma in PADM2M, and show that it was also present during the earlier time interval from 9.3–11.2 Ma.
Multisystem Imaging Findings of Cystic Fibrosis in Adults: Recognizing Typical and Atypical Patterns of Disease.

OBJECTIVE. There is an expanding and increasingly heterogeneous population of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although CF is usually diagnosed in children with progressive multisystem involvement, up to 7% of CF cases are currently diagnosed de novo in adults with subtle manifestations distinct from the typical features of classic CF. The purpose of this article is to present the wide spectrum of CF in adults, including both classic and nonclassic variants, with an emphasis on the nonclassic imaging findings. CONCLUSION. Recurrent pancreatitis, chronic sinusitis, and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) are several of the ways in which CF is identified in adult patients with relatively rare mutations and with overall milder manifestations. It is important for radiologists to recognize the wide spectrum of CF to optimally monitor disease progression and response to therapeutic interventions in distinct adult patient populations.
Predicting grief intensity after recent perinatal loss.

Abstract Objective The Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS) was developed for clinical use to identify and predict intense grief and need for follow-up after perinatal loss. This study evaluates the validity of the PGIS via its ability to predict future intense grief based on a PGIS score obtained early after a loss. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted with 103 international, English-speaking women recruited at hospital discharge or via the internet who experienced a miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal death within the previous 8 weeks. Survey data were collected at baseline using the PGIS and the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS). Follow-up data on the PGS were obtained 3 months later. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results Cronbach's alphas were ≥ 0.70 for both instruments. PGIS factor analysis yielded three factors as predicted, explaining 57.7% of the variance. The optimal cutoff identified for the PGIS was 3.535. No difference was found when the ability of the PGIS to identify intense grief was compared to the PGS (p = 0.754). The PGIS was not inferior to the PGS (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.88, p Conclusions The PGIS is comparable to the PGS, has a lower response burden, and can reliably and validly predict women who may experience future intense grief associated with perinatal loss.
Perioperative Anesthetic Management of Patients Having Liver Transplantation for Uncommon Conditions

This review focuses on the perioperative anesthetic management of patients having liver transplantation (LT) performed for several uncommon indications or in combination with rare pathology. Conditions discussed in the article include Alagille syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Gilbert's syndrome, porphyria, Wilson's disease, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. In comparison to other indications, LT in these settings is infrequent because of the low incidence of these pathologies. Most of these conditions (with the exception of Gilbert syndrome) are associated with a high probability of significant perioperative complications and increased mortality and morbidity. Experience in management of these unusual conditions is only gained over time. Developing clinical pathways for patients with these conditions should result in outcomes similar to LT performed for more common indications.
An interesting property of hexagons

These notes discuss several related problems in geometry that can be explored in a dynamic geometry environment. The problems involve an interesting property of hexagons.
Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. In non-verbal patients, it is very difficult to measure pain, even with pain assessment tools. Those tools are subjective or determine secondary physiological indicators which also have certain limitations particularly when exploring the effectiveness of analgesia. As cortical processing is essential for pain perception, brain activity measures may provide a useful approach to assess pain in infants. Here we present a method to assess nociception with electrophysiological brain activity recordings optimized for the use in newborn infants. To produce highly standardized and reproducible noxious stimuli we applied mechanical stimulation with a flat-tip probe, e.g., PinPrick, which is not skin-breaking and does not cause behavioral distress. The noxious-evoked potential allows the objective measurement of nociception in non-verbal patients. This method can be used in newborn infants as early as 34 weeks of gestational age. Moreover, it could be applied in different situations such as measuring the efficacy of analgesic or anesthetic drugs.
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Anesthetic Ligands Using Xenopus laevis Tadpoles.

Abstract General anesthetics are considered among the most significant advances in modern medicine; however, they are also some of the most dangerous commonly administered drugs. Despite this, the discovery of novel anesthetics has been slow, with few clinically used agents regardless of their nearly 200-year history. Xenopus laevis frogs have a long history as a model organism and provide a vital bridge between in vitro and preclinical mammalian assays. The provided protocols are efficient and cost-effective and therefore readily amendable for high-throughput evaluation of novel anesthetic ligands. By using the X. laevis bioassay, a researcher is capable of determining relative general anesthetic tolerance and/or cross-tolerance for candidate nonvolatile and/or volatile ligands.
Endpoint-oriented Life Cycle Optimization Models for Sustainable Design and Operations of Shale Gas Supply Chains with Modular Manufacturing

Abstract Modular manufacturing is identified with great potential in the exploitation of shale gas resource. In this work, we propose a novel mixed-integer nonlinear fractional programming model, where design and operational decisions regarding both the conventional processing plants and modular manufacturing devices are considered. The allocation, capacity selection, installment, moving, and salvage decisions of modular manufacturing devices are modeled with corresponding integer variables and logic constraints. To systematically evaluate the full spectrum of environmental impacts, an endpoint-oriented life cycle optimization framework is applied that accounts for up to 18 midpoint impact categories and three endpoint impact categories. Total environmental impact scores are obtained to evaluate the comprehensive life cycle environmental impacts of shale gas supply chains. A tailored global optimization algorithm is also presented to efficiently solve the resulting computationally challenging problem. To illustrate the applicability of proposed modeling framework and tailored global optimization algorithm, a case study of a well-to-wire shale gas supply chain based on Marcellus Shale is considered. Based on the optimization results, the application of modular manufacturing helps achieve the lowest LCOE of $59.4/MWh and the smallest ReCiPe endpoint environmental impact score per MWh electricity generation as 64.5 points/MWh.
Variants in Design Cognition

Publisher Summary This chapter is about cognitive models of designers and how these models depict different design professions. In different fields of design, cognitive processes have both similarities and differences. Some of the notable differences that distinguish architectural design from other design fields are rich representations, indiscriminate use of inventive strategies, nonstandard problem composition schema, and strategies of complexity management. In some respects the field of cognitive psychology and even the entire domain of empirical research is about recognizing predictability of measurable events. One way of achieving this is to find the conditional invariants among all of the variables that are of interest. The conditions of such an inquiry are represented by the independent variables. Studies of architectural cognition concern themselves with a few overarching issues: representation, strategic behavior, and innovation. Strategic behavior subsumes issues such as search, problem restructuring, and process management. The last category, innovation, can be seen as a subset of strategic behavior as well.
Survey for Tributyltin in Water and Sediment in Canada in 1999

A survey of water and sediment from 152 harbours, marinas and shipping channels across Canada was conducted in 1999 to determine the extent of contamination by tributyltin (TBT) prior to the total ban on its antifouling uses being phased in over the period 2003 to 2008, and to assess the effectiveness of the 1989 regulation of antifouling uses of TBT under the Canadian Pest Control Products Act. TBT was found in sediments in this survey much more frequently than in water. The main conclusion was that by 1999 the regulation had been generally effective in reducing TBT contamination in water, but not sediment, in small-craft marinas and harbours. TBT continued to be found in some freshwater and seawater locations frequented by larger vessels, that could have been legally painted at the time with TBT antifouling paints, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. TBT was also found in many marine sediments, and some freshwater sediments, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. In addition, TBT concentrations in many marine sediments could cause acute toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. Because of the long persistence of TBT in sediments, it may pose a hazard to benthic organisms in some locations in Canada for many years after the total ban on antifouling uses of TBT.
Daily Minutes of Unprotected Sun Exposure (MUSE) Inventory: Measure description and comparisons to UVR sensor and sun protection survey data

Abstract One in five US adults will be diagnosed with skin cancer. As most skin cancers are attributable to sun exposure, this risk factor is an important target for research and intervention. Most sun exposure measures assess frequency of specific sun-protection behaviors, which does not account for the use of multiple, potentially overlapping sun-protection methods. In contrast, the Daily Minutes of Unprotected Sun Exposure (MUSE) Inventory assesses sun-protection behavior during self-reported activities, providing several useful metrics, including duration of unprotected sun exposure on 17 body sites, combined to yield an overall MUSE score weighted by percent of body exposed. The present study was conducted July–September 2017, in Chicago, IL USA. For 10 days, participants (39 melanoma survivors; Mage = 58.59, 64.5% female) wore an ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensor and completed the Daily MUSE Inventory each evening. The Sun Habits Survey was completed at the end of the study. Outdoor time reported in the MUSE Inventory significantly predicted outdoor time recorded by UVR sensors, B = 0.53, p
Abstract 2949: Synergistic effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and conventional chemotherapeutics on canine and human osteosarcoma cells

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone tumor in both humans and dogs, and has a nearly ten fold higher incidence in dogs than humans. Despite advances in treatment of other cancers, the overall survival rates for OS have stagnated for the past decades. Therefore, there is a great need to identify novel and effective treatments. In the past few years, several classes of novel small molecules with anti-tumor activities have become available. Among them, we selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with potential anti-tumor medications to evaluate the effects of treating OS. In our previous studies, two TKIs (sunitinib and sorafenib) showed good growth inhibition effects at low concentrations on three canine OS cell lines (D17, Abrams, and Gracie) and two human OS cell lines (SAOS2 and U2OS) in a series of drug screening assay. In addition to viability, migration, and invasion ability of OS cells were decreased by these two TKIs. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of combing one of the TKIs with current chemotherapeutics for OS. We determined the combination index to assess whether sorafenib and sunitinib have synergistic effects with conventional chemotherapeutics including cisplatin, carboplatin, or doxorubicin. Data from our cell lines point to synergistic effects of sorafenib combined with doxorubicin, but not when combined with cisplatin or carboplatin in both human and canine OS. Combination studies with sunitinib are ongoing. Based on current findings, clinical trials using combination of doxorubicin and sorafenib in proof of concept studies in dogs are warranted. These studies can be carried out relatively quickly in dogs where case load is high, and in turn, provide useful data for initiation of clinical trials in humans. Citation Format: Ya-Ting Yang, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan. Synergistic effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and conventional chemotherapeutics on canine and human osteosarcoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2949.
Abstract A189: Targeting T-cell epigenetic programs to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-mediated rejuvenation of exhausted T-cells has emerged as a promising approach for treating various cancers and chronic infections. However, T-cells that become fully exhausted during prolonged antigen exposure remain refractory to ICB-mediated rejuvenation. Given that many of the impaired effector properties of terminally exhausted CD8 T-cells appear to be heritably maintained even in the absence of antigen, we investigated the role of de novo DNA methylation programming as a T-cell-intrinsic mechanism for establishing the ICB-nonresponsive state of T-cell exhaustion. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of antigen-specific murine CD8 T-cells at the effector and exhaustion stages of an immune response identified progressively acquired heritable de novo DNA methylation programs. Blocking de novo DNA methylation in activated CD8 T-cells allowed them to retain their effector functions despite persistent stimulation during chronic viral infection. We found that these de novo epigenetic programs are not only critical for establishing T-cell exhaustion, but also restrict T-cell expansion and clonal diversity during PD-L1 blockade treatment. Moreover, these exhaustion-associated DNA methylation programs were acquired in tumor-infiltrating PD-1hi CD8 T-cell. Therapeutic approaches to reverse these programs enhanced antitumor CD8 T-cell responses and tumor control during PD-L1 blockade therapy. These data establish de novo DNA methylation programming as a major T-cell-intrinsic barrier of ICB therapy. Targeting T-cell epigenetic programs provides great potential for fostering more powerful T-cell immunotherapies. Reference: Ghoneim, et al. Cell 2017. Citation Format: Hazem E. Ghoneim, Yiping Fan, Ardiana Moustaki, Hossam Abdelsamed, Pradyot Dash, Pranay Dogra, Robert Carter, Walid Awad, Geoff Neale, Paul Thomas, Ben Youngblood. Targeting T-cell epigenetic programs to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A189.
Jupyter Notebooks and User-Friendly HPC Access

In the modern world, having at least a basic un- derstanding of High Performance Computing is critical even for undergraduate students. In this project, we describe our extensible ecosystem of tools which has lowered the access barrier to HPC systems for less experienced users. Our ecosystem of tools serves as the ”one-stop” interface which allows users to focus on their research and teaching without remembering a lot of commands and syntax, or struggling with details like job submission or file systems. This environment is specially tailored for education. We provide a means for teachers to easily provide students access to information and assignments, and give students their own personal HPC sandbox, including access to a fully- functional, personalized Jupyter Notebook server.
Fourier filtering cardiac time activity curves: sharp cutoff filters

Several problems may occur when analyzing cardiac left ventricular (LV) time activity curves (TACs) using the techniques of Fourier analysis. These difficulties are of course not unique to cardiac TACs, but rather are representative of the general problems encountered when applying Fourier analysis to discrete, sampled data. In the case of LV TAC’s created from equilibrium gated blood pool studies, one usually applies Fourier analysis in an attempt to filter counting statistical noise from the data. One of the common methods employed to accomplish this goal (albeit probably the least justified) is to Fourier transform the TAC into the frequency domain, filter the data with a sharp cutoff filter (i.e. multiplication in the frequency domain with a rectangular pulse) and invert the filtered data. The reason for the choice of a rectangular cutoff filter is usually simplicity. Whatever the reason, using a sharp cutoff in the frequency domain is identical to describing the data by a truncated Fourier series. Thus one is able to skip the Fourier transform step and instead directly calculate only those first few Fourier coefficients one is interested in. Several concerns need to be addressed. First, are the two constraints of the sampling theorem satisfied? That is, is the underlying TAC which has been sampled by the gated equilibrium procedure band limited, and if so is the sampling rate adequate (at least equal to the Nyquist rate).
Factors Associated with Having a Medical Home for Children At-Risk of Experiencing Negative Events: Results from a National Study.

Although the Patient Centered Medical Home is a considered an optimal model for care, some children still do not receive care in this model. Beyond the clinical and practitioner factors known to affect having a medical home, family and environmental risks [referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACE)] may also be associated with having a medical home. This study’s purpose was to examine whether family and environment risks are associated with children having a medical home. Data from the nationally representative, cross-sectional 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health telephone survey were used (N = 95,677). Analyses were conducted to describe the sample characteristics and determine the association between family and environmental risks and whether a child has a medical home. A subset of risks were modeled from the seminal study of ACEs. Nearly one-quarter of parents reported that their children experienced at-least one ACE. Compared to children who experienced no ACEs, children who experienced at least one ACE, or other family and environmental risks, had lower odds of having a medical home than those whom did not. Logistic regressions showed that cumulative ACEs (odds ratio (OR) 0.76; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.90) as well as other family and environmental risks (OR 0.36, 95 % CI 0.26–0.51) were related to lower odds of having a medical home. This study suggests that family and environmental risks, including ACEs, impact parental report of a child having a medical home and that a dosage effect may exist. ACEs and other risk factors must be considered when providers care for children at-risk of experiencing negative events, particularly multiple negative events.
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3), remote sensing from the International Space Station (ISS)

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was launched on 04 May 2019 and provides a new perspective to the important task of studying atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), a bonus product, from space. The flight spare three-channel grating spectrometer instrument built for OCO-2 has been adapted for use on the International Space Station (ISS) as OCO-3 by modifying the entrance optics, using a new calibrator assembly, incorporating a two-axis pointing mirror assembly (PMA), and adding two context cameras. The ISS’ recessing orbit allows measurements to be collected from dawn to dusk in the equatorial to northern & southern mid-latitude regions and the PMA enables a new snapshot area mapping mode where ~80 km x ~80 km areas can be examined in more detail. The OCO-3 payload underwent an extensive ground test and calibration program in a 3 m diameter thermal vacuum chamber. The chamber has a port/window that allowed optical ground support equipment, including a heliostat, to illuminate the instrument under operating environmental conditions. The payload’s performance in space during the in-orbit checkout (IOC) period compares favorably with ground test results. Initial and not-yet-fully-calibrated retrieved estimates of the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) are reasonable when compared to ground-based measurements. SIF estimates show clear contrast between areas of high and low vegetation. There is high confidence that the three-year prime mission will deliver the data needed for science/research, data applications, and informed decision-making.
Recognizing a missing senior citizen in relation to experience with the elderly, demographic characteristics, and personality variables

We investigated participants’ ability to recognize a missing older adult featured in a mock Silver Alert. In Study 1, college students (N = 712) viewed a Silver Alert of a missing man and then attempted to recognize him when shown a set of photos. Overall recognition was high, with 84.6% of participants identifying the photo of the missing man. Self-reported experience with several older age groups was related to recognition of the target, and female participants were more likely than males to identify the target photo. Recognition of the target was not related to participant age, race, or measures of empathy or conscientiousness. A similar procedure was used in Study 2 with a sample of college students (N = 610), with the addition of measures of attitudes toward the elderly and face recognition ability, which were not found to be related to recognition of the target. Overall recognition rates were again high (83.90%), and participants who reported more experience with the elderly were again more likely to recognize the target. Metacognitive confidence ratings were higher in both studies for individuals who recognized the missing man. The findings suggest that Silver Alerts can be effective under certain circumstances. Further research is needed to investigate whether increasing experience with elderly populations could increase the efficacy of Silver Alerts.
Benchmark Study of Ground-State Raman Spectra in Conjugated Molecules.

In this work, we compare calculated and experimental off-resonance Raman spectra for a series of substituted benzene and thiophene derivatives in the ground state. We benchmark a variety of approxi...
Supporting Inclusive Education for Students with Severe Disabilities in Rural Areas

Inclusive education is considered a recommended practice for students with severe disabilities. These students benefit from the rich learning environments and natural supports found in general educ...
The Story/Test/Story Method: A Combined Approach to Usability Testing and Contextual Inquiry

Abstract The Story/Test/Story Method is a new method that represents a combined approach to usability testing and contextual inquiry that can be used in the classroom and beyond. Usability testing has been used by both rhetoricians and technical communicators to assess the effectiveness of digital technologies for specific user groups. Contextual inquiry is a method with its roots in ethnography that examines the contexts of users to ensure that technologies support their needs. In classroom assignments, as well as in UX research projects beyond the classroom, it can be difficult to incorporate both methods, however. At the same time, it is essential for students and researchers to assess both a user’s context and their actions while using a technology in order to learn how that technology might be improved. In this article I introduce the Story/Test/Story Method, explain its precedents in composition and technical communication literature, give examples of its use in the classroom, and discuss its limitations when compared to both usability testing and contextual inquiry as standalone methods. Ultimately, I hope that writing researchers, teachers, and consultants can use the Story/Test/Story Method in their own work to assess, critique, and develop digital technologies within their own specific contexts.
Trends in LSD use among US adults: 2015-2018

Abstract Background The recent use of LSD to treat severe psychological disorders in several clinical applications has proven effective in reducing symptoms and distressing events. Trend analyses are warranted to provide the most current data for clinical and health interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in LSD use among adults in the United States. Methods A secondary analysis of the 2015–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted on 168, 562 adults ages 18 and older. Results Past-year LSD use increased 56.4% (P Conclusions LSD use in the US jumped 56.4% from 2015 to 2018. Results from the present study can inform prevention and harm reduction efforts (e.g., co-morbid substance use interventions, health messaging).
The buffering effect of attentional control on the relationship between cognitive fusion and anxiety

Abstract Cognitive fusion has been identified as a risk factor for anxiety. Evidence suggests that those with better attentional control may be able to flexibly shift attention from an internal to external focus, thus reducing contact with negative self-referent thoughts. As such, attentional control was examined as a moderator of the relation between cognitive fusion and anxiety in this two-part study. Adult participants (N = 597) completed self-report measures in Study 1. In Study 2, adult student participants (N = 173) completed self-report measures of cognitive fusion and anxiety, as well as behavioral measures that assessed three specific attentional control processes (i.e., inhibition, shifting, working memory updating). As predicted, attentional control moderated the relation between cognitive fusion and anxiety such that the strength of the relation decreased as attentional control increased. The results of Study 2 suggest that inhibitory ability is the attentional control process that accounts for this effect. Taken together, results suggest the possibility that attentional control (especially inhibitory ability) may be a protective factor against the development of anxiety among those with higher levels of cognitive fusion. The use of experimental and longitudinal study designs will be an important next step in this line of research to further clarify the nature of relations among cognitive fusion, attentional control, and anxiety. Results from an exploratory analysis, in which depressive symptoms served as the outcome variable, will also be discussed.
Experiences of patients in the presence of the bereavement support after a perinatal loss

Background: Perinatal loss, either as miscarriage or stillbirth, is arguably one of the most devastating complications of pregnancy. Whether occurring early or late in pregnancy, it can have substantial psychological impact on the expectant parents and their families. It is important to address the psychological consequences of grieving parents as it supports them to take care of their present and subsequent children. At our institution, ongoing bereavement support is commonly offered. However, its role in assisting patients cope with their loss has not been extensively studied. This is a descriptive …
Climate Change and Inpatient Dermatology.

Purpose of review Climate change represents a major existential threat facing the global community, and it has already begun to affect human health in a multitude of ways. This review highlights and discusses the implications that climate change has already had and is expected to have for inpatient dermatologists. Recent findings There are a variety of conditions affected by climate changes. The distribution and frequencies of infectious diseases and their vectors are changing in line with variations in climate conditions. Increased temperatures have already been associated with exacerbation of existing skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, and recent evidence suggests that higher temperatures will also magnify the effects of harmful ultraviolet radiation. Extreme weather events that result from climate change are followed by an array of dermatologic conditions that may be unusual for the given location. Inpatient dermatologists should be prepared to manage these potentially unfamiliar dermatologic consequences of climate change. Summary Climate change will have widespread effects on the medical field, and inpatient dermatologists will be faced with their own unique set of challenges and practice variations. Practitioners should be familiar with the ongoing and predicted effects of climate change in their locations so that they can readily identify and treat associated conditions, and they should adjust their practice to reduce their carbon footprint and serve as a model for patients to do the same.
Service Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Big Data Transfer in Elastic Optical Network

A major class of traffic demands entails the transfer of known volumes of data before a deadline specified by the demands, while allowing slow resource allocation. For the service provisioning of these demands on an elastic optical network architecture, on which few studies have been carried out thus far, a model must handle both the time and the severe spectrum defragmentation resulting from the resource allocation. In this paper, a model is introduced that by harnessing the characteristic of these demands, targets efficient data transfer while meeting the demands requirements. It consists of two complementary models: a mathematical optimization model with a high degree of freedom as the core for resource allocation and admission, and a heuristic algorithm for service scheduling and service update. The results of the numerical examinations show the effectiveness of the presented model.
Introduction to Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Consultation in Schools: Cultural Diversity Issues in School Consultation

This article provides an introduction to the mini-series theme, Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Consultation in Schools: Cultural Diversity Issues in School Consultation. It discusses the context,...
Right-to-left shunt detection using transforaminal insonation of the basilar artery.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Investigation for patent foramen ovale (PFO) is warranted in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS), as PFO closure is recommended in select CS patients for secondary stroke prevention. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is noninvasive and has high sensitivity for PFO screening. However, 10% of the population has insufficient temporal bone windows to perform standard TCD monitoring of the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Prior reports showed similar diagnostic accuracy between the basilar artery and MCAs insonation. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of transforaminal insonation of the basilar artery (TIBA) in diagnosis of right-to-left shunt (RLS) in patients with inadequate temporal windows. METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-center, observational study of TIBA in patients with CS and inadequate temporal windows. We compared the PFO screening accuracy using TIBA versus echocardiogram, either transthoracic (TTE) or transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). RESULTS Sixteen females and four males were included (mean age 63.2). All patients underwent TTE, 10 (50%) underwent gold-standard TEE. Nine patients had positive PFO with both TCD and echocardiogram. Two patients with negative echocardiogram had TCD-positive shunt. Three patients had PFO present on echocardiogram, whereas TCD was negative. Six patients had absent shunt with both TCD and echocardiogram. The sensitivity and specificity of TIBA for RLS detection were 75%, positive predictive value 82%, and negative predictive value 67%. CONCLUSION PFO screening accuracy using TIBA was 75%. Prospective evaluation of CS patients with TIBA and comparison to the gold-standard TEE should be performed to further guide clinical practice.
Advancing the understanding of factors that influence client preferences for race and gender matching in psychotherapy

Although clients sometimes prefer having a counselor of their same race or gender, research generally does not show that racial/gender matching improves outcomes. Two studies explored matching pref...
Neoliberalism in Student Affairs: A “Both/And” Proposition

This chapter focuses on the experiences of case study participants utilizing narrative format to share the personal tensions professionals expressed between holding a value of “exceptional care” while meeting metrics. The chapter narrates the findings from observations, focus groups, interviews, and documents related to how the research site defined corporate values: defined as exceptional care, accountability, and results. From participant narratives and supporting observations, five overarching themes of the neoliberal impact on student affairs were identified: a sense of personal responsibility, student success, metrics, and results, corporatization of higher education, along with labor and care. These themes bring to light how student affairs practitioners are in constant negotiation about what it means to support a holistic student experience while existing in a culture of metrics, accountability, and results. The five identified themes are contextualized through the literature introduced in Chaps. 2, 3, and 4 to provide a discussion for professional analysis.
Impact of Formulation and Saliva on Acid Milk Gel Friction Behavior

UNLABELLED Rheological analysis is commonly used to evaluate mechanical properties in studies of food behavior. However, rheological analysis is often insufficient to describe food texture as evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis. Additionally, traditional rheometry does not account for changes in food behavior as a function of saliva incorporation into the food during mastication. The objectives of this study were to evaluate friction behavior of acid milk gels with and without the addition of saliva, and to determine relationships between frictional behaviors and mechanical and sensory behaviors. Acid milk gels were prepared with 12.5% total solids comprising nonfat dry milk, whey protein isolate, waxy maize starch, and gelatin in different ratios. The addition of starch was found to have significant impact on acid milk gel frictional behavior. Addition of saliva resulted in a change in frictional behavior over the entire sliding speed range measured. Correlations were found between rheological, tribological, and sensory behavior, suggesting that an underlying mechanism may impact both viscosity and friction behavior. Additional study is needed to further explore the links between food structure, rheology, tribology, and sensory texture. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Application of tribology in food science allows measurement of friction behavior of foods. Matching both rheological and tribological behavior is important to creating reduced-fat or reduced-sugar products with similar mouthfeel to the original product.
Reflectance spectra of hydrated chlorine salts: The effect of temperature with implications for Europa

Hydrated chlorine salts are expected to exist on a variety of planetary bodies, including inner planets such as Mars and outer planet satellites such as Europa. However, detection by remote sensing has been limited due to a lack of comparison data in spectral libraries. In addition, at low temperatures spectral features of many H2O-bearing species deviate from their room temperature behavior. Thus, we acquired spectra of NaCl, NaClO4·nH2O, MgCl2·nH2O, Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O, and Mg(ClO3)2·6H2O from 0.35 to 2.5 µm at both 298 and 80 K to observe the effects of temperature on diagnostic spectral features. In the near-infrared, the strongest spectral features often arise from water molecules. Increasing hydration states increases the depth and width of water bands. Interestingly, at low temperature these bands become narrower with sharper, better defined minima, allowing individual bands to be more easily resolved. We also measured frozen eutectic solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl. We show that while care must be taken to acquire laboratory spectra of all hydrated phases at the relevant conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure) for the planetary body being studied, chlorine salts do possess distinct spectral features that should allow for their detection by remote sensing.
Traveling Chaucer: Comparative Translation and Cosmopolitan Humanism

Through the comparative study of non-Anglophone translations of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, we can achieve the progressive goals of Emily Apter's “translational transnationalism” and Edward Said's “cosmopolitan humanism.” Both translation and humanism were intrinsic to Chaucer's initial composition of the Tales, and in turn, both shaped Chaucer's later reception, often in ways that did a disservice to his reputation and his verse. In this essay, Candace Barrington argues that comparative translation provides a means whereby new modes of translation, like Apter's, can promote a different version of humanism, like Said's; she demonstrates this process in a brief philological study of Nazmi Agil's Turkish translation of The Squire's Tale. While we can see the infusion of Turkish values and perspectives in the new text, we can also see that the Turkish reveals new insights into Chaucer's subtle and nuanced use of language.
Search for Volume Anomaly in Paramagnetic ZrZn2

How does access to this work benefit you? Let us know! Publisher's Statement Copyright 1977 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Bulletin of the American Physical Society 22 (1977): 427-427 and may be found at http://www.aps.org/meetings/baps/. Follow this and additional works at: http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/sciphysics_facpub Part of the Physics Commons
Living Up to Expectations: Corporate Reputation and Persistence of Firm Performance

I develop a theory of corporate reputation as a source of persistence in firm performance. I show how a relatively simple and reasonable assumption regarding the dynamics of corporate reputation leads to a self-reinforcing process whereby cross-firm differences in corporate reputation (and performance) are significant and relatively permanent. Numerical simulations suggest that persistence in cross-firm differences is largely due to endogenous investment incentives: firms with higher corporate reputations invest more in corporate reputation. I provide a series of examples consistent with the model’s prediction.
High precision fabrication of polarization insensitive resonant grating filters.

Resonant subwavelength gratings have been designed and fabricated as wavelength-specific reflectors for application as a rotary position encoder utilizing ebeam based photolithography. The first grating design used a two-dimensional layout to provide polarization insensitivity with separate layers for the grating and waveguide. The resulting devices had excellent pattern fidelity and the resonance peaks and widths closely matched the expected results. Unfortunately, the gratings were particularly angle sensitive and etch depth errors led to shifts in the center wavelength of the resonances. A second design iteration resulted in a double grating period to reduce the angle sensitivity as well as different materials and geometry; the grating and waveguide being the same layer. The inclusion of etch stop layers provided more accurate etch depths; however, the tolerance to changes in the grating duty cycle was much tighter. Results from these devices show the effects of small errors in the pattern fidelity. The fabrication process flows for both iterations of devices will be reviewed as well as the performance of the fabricated devices. A discussion of the relative merits of the various design choices provides insight into the importance of fabrication considerations during the design stage.
textile research journal The Adsorption of Water by Swelling High Polyrneric Materials

This paper contains a discussion of the water-adsorption properties of a class of long-chain materials with many polar groups, which includes most textile fibers. The process discussed is distingui...