cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic therapies across the continuum of left ventricular dysfunction.

Neurohormonal activation and increased sympathetic stimulation are among the factors that have been linked to the development and progression of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and heart failure (HF) in post–myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Various available pharmacologic therapies can target these factors and improve many aspects of the disease, depending on the degree of LVD. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines recommend angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists because of their proven favorable effects on symptoms, left ventricular function, cardiac remodeling, hospitalization rates, and survival. However, they are not being used in over two thirds of patients with post-MI LVD. This review illustrates the impact of these therapies on post-MI LVD patients using evidence from multiple clinical trials. In addition, current and emerging treatments for acute decompensated HF will be outlined.
Sublanguage grammers in science information processing

This paper presents the results of an investigation into information structures in natural language science texts. A novel hypothesis was tested; namely, that the literature of a science subfield has characteristic restrictions on lanugage usage which can be used to develop information formats for text sentences in the subfield. The formats provide a standard representation of the specific types of information found in sentences of subfield articles, though a priori semantic categories are not used. The method of sublanguage grammars for obtaining information formats is described. Illustrations are drawn from a sublanguage grammar written for a subfield of pharmacology. Parts of the procedure are computerized or are being implemented.
Are Endogenous Gibberellin-like Substances involved in Floral Induction

THE concentration of endogenous gibberellin-like substances has been reported to increase in cold-requiring plants during exposure to a low temperature1–3. Synthesis of gibberellin is also known to be blocked by certain growth retardants, some of which inhibit flowering3–6. Thus there is increasing evidence for an involvement of gibberellin in floral induction. In studies with broccoli (Brassica oleracea variety italica), it was found that low temperature enhanced flowering and that (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) did not retard floral induction, but that 1,1-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B995) did7,8. Although both these compounds are considered to be growth retardants, B995 has not been shown to affect the endogenous concentration of gibberellin. It was therefore important to determine the effects of CCC and B995 on this concentration in broccoli in relation to floral induction.
The Metric of Binocular Visual Space

The aim of this paper is to show that the so-called visual space has a uniquely determined non-Euclidean metric, or psychometric distance function, the numerical parameters of which depend on the individual observer. Certain well-known phenomena of space perception, such as the horopter, the alley experiment and size constancy, are explained on the basis of the distance function. Methods of measuring the personal parameters of the metric are developed, and applications of the theory to the field of binocular instruments and pictorial representation of space are suggested.
Exact solution of an S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with long-ranged interactions.

The S=1/2 Heisenberg Hamiltonian H=1/2${\mathcal{J}}_{\mathrm{n}=1}^{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathcal{J}}_{\mathit{m}=1}^{\mathit{N}}$${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{m}}$\ensuremath{\cdot} ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{m}+\mathit{n}}$, with ${J}_{n}$=${J}_{0}$/${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}$(n\ensuremath{\pi}/N), is shown to have a simple singlet ground state in the form of a Jastrow function. The spectrum and correlations are explicitly known and the magnetic susceptibility is shown to be Pauli type at T=0. The model has a striking similarity to the nearest-neighbor isotropic Heisenberg model and may be viewed as a discretized version of the Sutherland-Calogero-Moser system.
Entropy-Based Graph Clustering: Application to Biological and Social Networks

Complex systems have been widely studied to characterize their structural behaviors from a topological perspective. High modularity is one of the recurrent features of real-world complex systems. Various graph clustering algorithms have been applied to identifying communities in social networks or modules in biological networks. However, their applicability to real-world systems has been limited because of the massive scale and complex connectivity of the networks. In this study, we exploit a novel information-theoretic model for graph clustering. The entropy-based clustering approach finds locally optimal clusters by growing a random seed in a manner that minimizes graph entropy. We design and analyze modifications that further improve its performance. Assigning priority in seed-selection and seed-growth is well applicable to the scale-free networks characterized by the hub-oriented structure. Computing seed-growth in parallel streams also decomposes an extremely large network efficiently. The experimental results with real biological and social networks show that the entropy-based approach has better performance than competing methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Calling and Life Satisfaction Among Undergraduate Students: Investigating Mediators and Moderators

The present study examined the relation of calling and life satisfaction among a diverse group of undergraduate students. In line with previous research, the presence of a calling weakly correlated with life satisfaction and moderately correlated with meaning in life. Three potential moderators of the calling-life satisfaction relation were tested: religiousness, living one’s calling, and core self-evaluations. The relation of calling and life satisfaction was not different based on levels of religiousness or experiences of living one’s calling. However, the relation of calling to life satisfaction was stronger for students with low core self-evaluations. Additionally, using a multiple mediation model, academic satisfaction and life meaning were found to fully mediate the calling-life satisfaction relation. Participants more likely to view their career as a calling were more satisfied in life because of attaining greater life meaning and satisfaction within the academic domain. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING MICROSCOPY USING A PICOSECOND PULSED TUNABLE DYE LASER SYSTEM

The design and implementation of a time‐resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (TRFLIM) for the biomedical sciences are described. The measurement of fluorescence lifetimes offers many benefits, among which is that they are independent of local signal intensity and concentration of the fluorophore and they provide visualization of the molecular environment in a single living cell. Unlike single photon counting, which employs a photomultiplier as the detector, TRFLIM uses a nanosecond‐gated multichannel plate image intensifier providing a two‐dimensional map of the spatial distribution of fluorescent lifetime in the sample under observation. Picosecond laser pulses from a tunable dye laser are delivered to the fluorophore inside living cells on the stage of a fluorescent microscope. Images of the fluorescence emission at various times during the decay of the fluorescence are collected using a high‐speed gated image intensifier and the lifetimes are calculated on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. Lifetimes measured by TRFLIM are compared with those measured by conventional methods.
Emission control policies under uncertainty

Abstract The paper deals with the problem of optimal environmental policy under uncertainty. Usually, when an environmental policy is considered, only the expected values of the parameters of the marginal benefit and marginal cost functions associated with the policy are known. Thus a relevant question is: In the presence of uncertainty, what is the optimal policy mean for achieving the environmental objective? The study addresses itself to the specific objective of improving air quality although the analysis is generally applicable. The policy means are emission taxes and emission quotas. It is shown that under uncertainty neither of these means is generally optimal, and that specific parameter values of the costs and benefits relations and their distributions determine the optimal policy for each situation.
Apocrine carcinoma of the vulva in a band-like arrangement with inflammatory and telangiectatic metastasis via local lymphatic channels.

Background Primary adenocarcinomas of the vulva have been classified as sweat gland carcinomas, extramammary Paget's disease, and primary breast carcinomas of the vulva. They share some common histopathologic features. Methods We describe a 72-year-old Japanese woman with apocrine carcinoma of the vulva and local lymphatic metastasis. Results The patient presented with a bruise on her inguinal area. Physical examination revealed a 4 cm × 7 cm, dark-red, irregularly elevated tumor on the left labium majora. Dome-shaped, flesh-colored, small papulovesicles were scattered on the abdomen, accompanied by erythema and induration. The lesion showed a band-like arrangement. General examination revealed multiple bone metastases, particularly in the spine. Microscopic examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells. A few pagetoid clear cells were present in the hypertrophic epidermis. The peripheral papulovesicles demonstrated the same histopathologic view as in inflammatory and telangiectatic, metastatic breast carcinoma. Tumor cells were positive for various ductal and glandular markers. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were not expressed. Ultrastructural findings suggested differentiation towards apocrine or mammary glands because of the presence of an apocrine process and electron-dense mucous granules. The patient died in spite of combination chemotherapy and irradiation therapy. Conclusions We report a rare case of apocrine carcinoma of the vulva in a band-like arrangement with local lymphatic metastasis which showed the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of inflammatory and telangiectatic carcinoma.
A new technique for the detection of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in hematopoietic cells by flow cytofluorometry

The identification and quantitation of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins has become a useful tool in the clinical laboratory evaluation of neoplastic cells from patients with lymphocytic leukemia. Currently, the vast majority of these studies are made by fluorescent microscopy using cytocentrifuge preparations. In the present communication we report a new procedure for rapid flow cytofluorometric analysis of intra-cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. This technique, utilizing a primary fixation step, permits maximal penetration of labeled antibody while preserving plasma membrane integrity and high retention of intracellular target proteins. These attributes contribute to a rapid yet accurate procedure for quantitating intracellular immunoglobulins which is potentially superior to any method currently utilized. Although the emphasis of this investigation has been on the labeling of intra-cytoplasmic μ chain, continuing studies in our laboratory indicate that the technique provides a sensitive method for detecting a variety of intracellular antigens.
Design of geared 5-bar mechanisms for unlimited crank rotations and optimum transmission

Abstract This investigation is concerned with the determination of the rotatability of the geared cranks and the optimization of transmission characteristics of geared 5-bar linkages. Algebraic solutions are shown to be feasible only in a few, special cases. An efficient computer-aided procedure, however, can be used for the general case and for the development of design charts. These charts, which are given for the mechanisms with gear ratio minus one, can be used to determine whether a mechanism of given proportions possesses unlimited crank rotations and to select the floating-link dimensions yielding optimum transmission.
Impact of Morphing-Based Frame Synthesis on Bandwidth Optimization for 3DTI Video

In view of the resource demanding nature of 3D Tele-immersion (3DTI), we apply Morphing-based Frame Synthesis (MBFS) on delivery of both online and offline 3DTI visual content to decrease the resource consumption without degrading the perceptual quality. We further investigate the relationship between the level-of-motion of the content and the effectiveness of MBFS. In light of the results, we propose an on-the-fly resource adaptor for 3DTI video transmission which utilizes a perceptual model built from data compiled by a series of subjective experiments. Results show that our adaptor achieves 43% to 87% compression ratio for offline compression on 3DTI videos of different baseline user activities, and a 10% on-the-fly bandwidth saving on complex user activity without perceptible degradation.
The Kenya Form of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Haemoglobin: Structural Studies and Evidence for Homogeneous Distribution of Haemoglobin F using Fluorescent Anti-haemoglobin F Antibodies

Several members of a Ugandan family were heterozygous for the gamma beta fusion gene of Haemoglobin Kenya. Levels of Hb Kenya were significantly higher than those in subjects of previous reports, ranging from 20.68 to 23.35% of the total haemoglobin. The individuals had also 5-8% Hb F, consisting solely of alpha and Ggamma chains. Investigation of the distribution of Hb F among the red cells of Hb Kenya heterozygotes, using monospecific antibodies absorbed against pure Hb Kenya and rendered fluorescent by conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate, showed the presence of fetal haemoglobin in all red cells. The data suggest that the phenotype of the Hb Kenya trait resembles that of the Ggamma form of hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin rather than that of thalassaemia.
Transient thermal management of temperature fluctuations during time varying workloads on portable electronics

This paper describes the investigation of solid to liquid phase change materials (PCM's) for passive energy storage during the condition of time varying workloads on portable electronics. The model investigated includes a thermal control unit (TCU) embedded in an epoxy polymer. A TCU is an enclosure that contains phase change material (PCM) and a thermal conductivity enhancer, is located near the power source, and acts as an energy storage and heat-spreading module. Physical experiments were carried out to investigate the performance improvements of introducing a TCU into an embedded system and were used to validate the accuracy of the numerical model. Numerical simulations were performed to study the effect duty cycles and substrate thermal conductivities have on the thermal performance of the electronic wearable computer system with passive energy storage. Additionally, the TCU was numerically modeled to determine the influence of boundary conditions on TCU performance. To quantify the improvements of the system, metrics were developed from analyzing the thermal evolution of the TCU parameters, such as temperature fields, temperature bands, PCM characteristics, and power loads. Results indicate that using a TCU for passive energy storage significantly increases the portable electronics system's operational performance. Duty cycles with the same average power over the duration of the cycle do not influence the length of the PCM phase change time, but do impact the mean value of the temperature fluctuation bands.
Unbiased estimation of effect size

Glass (1976, 1978) has used his definition of effect size to assess the magnitude of experimental effects from a series of similar experiments by averaging effect sizes derived from each experiment in the series. The methods can be refined by explicitly stating the statistical reasoning under-lying estimation of each effect size. The studies to be integrated are a sample (not necessarily random) from some population. Associated with the population are parameters such as the experimental or control group means or standard deviations in the population. Functions of parameters such as differences and ratios of parameters are also parameters. If data from every conceivable study making up the population were available, the values of the parameters could be calculated exactly. The data for an entire population are rarely, if ever available. If population parameters are of interest, we usually have to estimutc the parameters from a sample.
Gentillesse and the marriage debate in the Franklin's Tale: Chaucer's squires and the question of nobility

It seems to me that the Franklin’s question as to which character in his story is the most noble and generous, instead of being merely rhetorical, is intended to provoke the reader into thinking over thoroughly the question of gentiliesse as it is presented in the tale. Instead of merely being a rhetorical conclusion to a conventional question-of-love tale, the Franklin’s “I kan namoore, my tale is at an ende” may well be an invitation to the reader to finish on his own what the Franklin, at the end of his tale, says he is unable to do. If this is indeed the case, then Chaucer is inviting the reader to cooperate with the Franklin and complete that which the teiler asks his fellow pilgrims to do before they continue their joumey.3 The following study is an attempt to comply with the Franklin’s request, i.e., to investigate closely what the narrator’s voice tells us about the question of gentillesse and about the related question related in that Dorigen marries Arveragusexpressly because of thegentiliesse which he is exhibiting when he promises a marriage without trmistrie of whether the Franklin’s Tale indeed resolves the marriage debate. In addition. the inquiry will give us more information about the Franklin himself, both as character and as narrator; some of this information will be derived from the Franklin’s reaction to the Squire’s Tale, which, preceding the Franklin’s story, addresses the gentdlesse question in its own peculiar way, Let us begin with the scene in which Aurelius tries to hold Dorigen to the promise that she would become his mistress if he removed the rocks:
Conditioning with a passive person reinforcer and extinction in Shetland sheep dog puppies

The Ss progressively increased their speed of running to a goal area containing a passive person and progressively decreased their speed when the person was absent. The passive person appears to be a positive (stimulus-presentation) rather than a negative (stimulus-termination) reinforcer in puppies.
An Evaluation of an Abstinence-Only Sex Education Curriculum: An 18-Month Follow-up

The article examines the results from an 18-month follow-up evaluation of an abstinence education curriculum series. Participants were students from 15 school districts recruited to participate in the project. The intervention was the Sex Can Wait curriculum series, consisting of upper elementary, middle school, and high school components. The 5-week curriculum was implemented by teachers who had participated in a special teacher training workshop. Both intervention and comparison students were surveyed before and after the curriculum intervention and at 18-month follow-up. Results indicated short-term effects as follows. Upper elementary intervention students indicated higher level of knowledge, more hopefulness for the future, and greater self-efficacy than did the comparison group. Middle school intervention students did not differ from comparison students. High school intervention students reported lower participation rates than the comparison group students in sexual intercourse (ever and last month), a more positive attitude toward abstinence and a greater intent to remain abstinent. Long-term (18 month) benefits were noted as follows: upper elementary intervention students had greater knowledge and were less likely than comparison students to report participation in sexual intercourse in the last month. Middle school intervention students were less likely than comparison students to report participation in sexual intercourse ever and sexual intercourse in the last month. High school intervention students evidenced greater knowledge and greater intent to remain abstinent than did comparison students. Results indicate that the program did have some positive benefits that should be considered by those interested in abstinence education programming.
Evidence that species of RNA found in rat liver mitochondria preparations are associated with purified cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Abstract Species of RNA sedimenting at 20S and 22S in sucrose-SDS ∗ gradients, originally observed in RNA preparations from rat liver mitochondria contaminated with microsomes, are shown to be present in cytoplasmic ribosome preparations free of mitochondria, microsomal membranes, nuclei, lysosomes and peroxisomes. It is concluded that these RNA's are non-mitochondrial and arise from contamination of mitochondria by microsomal membrane-bound ribosomes.
On a Note From Oliver Concerning Generalized Euclidean Group Rings

In an unpublished 1987 letter, Bob Oliver determined which elementary abelian 2-groups have generalized euclidean integral group rings. He produced a filtration of E 2(R) by normal subgroups, sandwiched between elementary and special linear relative groups, with layers that are second homology groups with mod-2 coefficients. His proof is presented here, with related consequences for some other finite groups.
Determination of the binding frame within a physiological ligand for the chaperone SecB

The hallmark of the class of proteins called chaperones is the amazing ability to bind tightly to a wide array of polypeptide ligands that have no consensus in sequence; chaperones recognize non-native structure. As a step in the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of such remarkable binding, we have characterized complexes between the bacterial chaperone SecB and a series of ligands related to maltose-binding protein. SecB interacts at multiple sites on its polypeptide ligand. The entire binding region covers approximately half of the primary sequence of maltose-binding protein and comprises contiguous sites positioned around the center of the sequence.
Organizational identification among virtual workers: the role of need for affiliation and perceived work-based social support

Organizational identification, which reflects how individuals define the self with respect to their organization, may be called into question in the context of virtual work. Virtual work increases employees’ isolation and independence, threatening to fragment the organization. This study finds that virtual workers’ need for affiliation and the work-based social support they experience are countervailing forces associated with stronger organizational identification. Furthermore, perceived work-based social support moderates the relationship between virtual workers’ need for affiliation and their strength of organizational identification. Thus, when work-based social support is high, even workers with lower need for affiliation may strongly identify with the organization.
A Mixture of Manhattan Frames: Beyond the Manhattan World

Objects and structures within man-made environments typically exhibit a high degree of organization in the form of orthogonal and parallel planes. Traditional approaches to scene representation exploit this phenomenon via the somewhat restrictive assumption that every plane is perpendicular to one of the axes of a single coordinate system. Known as the Manhattan-World model, this assumption is widely used in computer vision and robotics. The complexity of many real-world scenes, however, necessitates a more flexible model. We propose a novel probabilistic model that describes the world as a mixture of Manhattan frames: each frame defines a different orthogonal coordinate system. This results in a more expressive model that still exploits the orthogonality constraints. We propose an adaptive Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo sampling algorithm with Metropolis-Hastings split/merge moves that utilizes the geometry of the unit sphere. We demonstrate the versatility of our Mixture-of-Manhattan-Frames model by describing complex scenes using depth images of indoor scenes as well as aerial-LiDAR measurements of an urban center. Additionally, we show that the model lends itself to focal-length calibration of depth cameras and to plane segmentation.
On spontaneous discharge obtained from a physicochemical model of excitation

It is shown that a slight modification of a model of excitatory phenomena in irritable tissues, which has been treated before, exhibits spontaneous oscillations. The frequency of these oscillations and the time-course of the potential across the model membrane have been determined, together with the dependence of some of their characteristics on some important parameters, particularly (Ca++).
The utility of McGill pain questionnaire subscales for discriminating psychologica disorder in chronic pain patients

Abstract The practice of separately scoring the sensory, affective and evaluative suhscules of the McGill Pain Questionnaire has not bccn unequivocally supported hy rcsearch, While there is moderate support for the three-factor Structure of this scale, recent studies have revealed strong intercorrelations among these factors and have not supported thcir differential predictive ahility. Present factor analytic results provide support for solutions involving a global factor in conjunction with either two or three subscale factors. The differential relationships of the sensory and affective factors to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Zung Dcpression Inventory demonstrate support for the validity of separately scoring the two factors in chronic pain patients. Preliminary guidelines are provided for the clinical use of the MPQ to discriminate psychological disorder in chronic pain patients.
Ligand Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance of Mn 2 + in Cd F 2

Electron-nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) measurements have been obtained for the second, third, and fourth shells of fluorine lattice nuclei in Cd${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ with the dc magnetic field oriented along the three high-symmetry crystalline directions. ENDOR signals from the two cadmium isotopes have also been observed. Such cadmium ENDOR signals are believed to be the first observed in a Cd${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ lattice. Hyperfine constants for the three shells of fluorine nuclei around the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ defect have been obtained by fitting a simplified axial Hamiltonian. Using a more general Hamiltonian, the hyperfine constants for the two isotopes of the first shell of cadmium have also been obtained.
Effects of the calcium-mediated enzymatic cross-linking of membrane proteins on cellular deformability

Excess calcium binding affects the shape and dynamics of cellular deformation of human erythrocytes. It may be hypothesized that incorporation of calcium may modify cellular deformability by processes which include specific cross-linking of membrane proteins with resultant changes in cell shape and deformability. Since previous studies indicate that accumulation of calcium ions causes development of γ-glutamyl-ɛ-lysine bridges in membrane proteins, under control of a membrane transamidating enzyme which specifically requires calcium ions for activation, experiments were devised to examine the relationship between cross-linking and deformability and to determine the effects of specific inhibitor of membrane protein cross-linking on the calcium-dependent modification of erythrocyte to the echinocytic shape. The elastic shear modulus of the membrane was not significantly affected by calcium-induced cross-linking, indicating that induced shape change, not altered elasticity, causes the observed reduction in cellular deformability. These findings support the interpretation that Ca++-induced and transamidase-catalyzed cross-linking of membrane proteins contributes to fixation of altered cellular shape and decreased cellular deformability.
Cassini/Huygens Science Instruments, Spacecraft, and Mission

The Cassini spacecraft will take 18 scientific instruments to Saturn. After launch and a seven-year cruise, Cassini will arrive at Saturn and separate into a Saturn orbiter and an atmospheric probe, called Huygens, which will descend to the surface of Titan. The orbiter will orbit the planet for four years, making close flybys of five satellites, including multiple flybys of Titan. Communication with Earth is at X-band; the maximum downlink rate from Saturn is 166 x 10(exp 3) bps. Orbiter instruments are body mounted; the spacecraft must be turned to point some of them toward objects of interest. The orbiter carries 12 instruments. Optical instruments provide imagery and spectrometry. Radar supplies imaging, altimetry, and radiometry. Radio links contribute information about intervening material and gravity fields. Other instruments measure electromagnetic fields and the properties of plasma, energetic particles, and dust particles. The probe is spin stabilized. It returns data via an S-band link to the orbiter. The probe's six instruments include sensors to determine atmospheric physical properties and composition. Radiometric and optical sensors will produce data on thermal balance and obtain images of Titan's atmosphere and surface. Doppler measurements between probe and orbiter will provide wind profiles. Surface sensors will measure impact acceleration, thermal and electrical properties, and, if the surface is liquid, density and refractive index. This design will enable Cassini to determine the composition; the physical, morphological, and geological nature; and the physical and chemical processes of the atmospheres, surfaces, and magnetosphere of the Saturnian system. This paper briefly describes the Cassini mission and spacecraft and, in somewhat more detail, the scientific instruments.
Low insulin-like growth factor-1 level predicts survival in humans with exceptional longevity.

Attenuated growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) signaling is associated with extended lifespan in several animal models. However, the effect of diminished GH/IGF-1 activity on survival in humans has not been confirmed. We tested the hypothesis that IGF-1 levels in nonagenarians (n = 184), measured at study enrollment, predict the duration of their incremental survival. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, females with IGF-1 levels below the median (≤ 96 ng mL−1) had significantly longer survival compared with females with levels above the median, P < 0.01. However, this survival advantage was not observed in males (P = 0.83). On the other hand, in both males and females with a history of cancer, lower IGF-1 levels predicted longer survival (P < 0.01). IGF-1 level remained a significant predictor of survival duration in linear regression models after multivariable adjustment in females (P = 0.01) and individuals with a history of cancer (P < 0.01). We show for the first time that low IGF-1 levels predict life expectancy in exceptionally long-lived individuals.
Rapid Access to the Heterocyclic Core of the Calyciphylline A and Daphnicyclidin A-Type Daphniphyllum Alkaloids via Tandem Cyclization of a Neutral Aminyl Radical

A streamlined approach to the tertiary amine-containing core of the calyciphylline A and daphnicyclidin A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids is presented. A known carvone derivative is converted into the core structure in only four synthetic operations, and it is well poised for further elaboration. The key enabling methodology is a radical cyclization cascade beginning with addition of a secondary, neutral aminyl radical to the β-position of an enone, followed by trapping with a pendant alkyne.
Characterization of neuronal dystrophy induced by fibrillar amyloid β: implications for Alzheimer’s disease

Amyloid deposition, neuronal dystrophy and synaptic loss are characteristic pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have used cortical neuronal cultures to assess the dystrophic effect of fibrillar amyloid beta (Abeta) and its relationship with neurotoxicity and synaptic loss. Treatment with fibrillar Abeta led to the development of neuritic dystrophy in the majority of the neurons present in the culture. Morphometric analysis and viability assays showed that neuronal dystrophy appeared significantly earlier and at lower Abeta concentrations than neurotoxicity, suggesting that both effects are generated independently by different cellular mechanisms. The development of dystrophic features required Abeta fibril formation and did not depend on the presence of the RHDS adhesive domain in the sequence of Abeta. Finally, a dramatic reduction in the density of synaptophysin immunoreactivity was closely associated with dystrophic changes in viable neurons. These results suggest that aberrant plastic changes and loss of synaptic integrity induced by fibrillar Abeta may play a significant role in the development of AD pathology.
Observation of sharp resonances in the spontaneous Raman spectrum of a single optically levitated microdroplet

Abstract Sharp resonances have been observed in the spontaneous Raman spectra of single, optically levitated microdroplets. The droplets, 10 to 35 μm in diameter, were suspended by a CW argon laser beam which also served as the Raman excitation source. Experiments with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and silicone oil confirmed that all Raman bands present in the bulk liquid spectra were also observable in the levitated droplet spectra, in agreement with previous micro-Raman studies of droplets on substrates. However, superimposed on the spectra of the levitated droplets was a series of sharp features not present in the bulk liquid spectra. Time-resolved experiments with growing DOP droplets showed that the sharp Raman features have the same origin as the elastic light scattering and flourescence resonances observed in previous studies of microspheres and fibers.
Analytical error estimates for the time-dependent radiative-transfer inverse problem

Analytical error estimates are developed for an approximate inversion method [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.72, 756 ( 1982)] to infer the albedo of single scattering and Legendre moments of the angular-scattering function from the asymptotic die away of the backscattered radiance following a pulse on an optically thick slab target. The errors analyzed are the effects of assuming that a finite slab is infinitely thick, the pulse width is infinitesimally short, and the detector is perfectly timed and perfectly oriented with respect to the incident pulse and the target.
Business patronage, class struggle, and the manufacturing sector in South Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand

(1989). Business patronage, class struggle, and the manufacturing sector in South Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 398-434.
Differences in Vϰ gene utilization and VH CDR3 sequence among anti‐DNA from C3H‐lpr mice and lupus mice with nephritis

To investigate the molecular properties of anti-DNA from lpr mice that express high levels of anti-DNA without immune-mediated nephritis, the sequences of VH and V kappa genes encoding 11 monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies derived from C3H-lpr/lpr (C3H-lpr) mice were studied. All of the C3H-lpr monoclonal anti-DNA bound single-stranded DNA while five also bound double-stranded DNA. Two of the hybridomas were clonally related as determined by Southern analysis and sequencing. Sequence analysis of C3H-lpr anti-DNA revealed the use of VH genes that encode anti-DNA from the MRL-lpr/lpr and (NZB X NZW) F1 mouse models of lupus, although differences occurred in the VH CDR3 amino acid content. In contrast, the V kappa genes from C3H-lpr mice lacked significant identity with previously reported V kappa genes for anti-DNA from lupus models. These results indicate that anti-DNA from C3H-lpr mice differ from anti-DNA from lupus mice with nephritis in patterns of V gene expression and suggest a molecular basis for the lack of pathogenicity of anti-DNA in these mice.
INFLUENCE OF STEAK TEMPERATURE AT THE BEGINNING OF BROILING ON PALATABILITY, SHEAR AND COOKING PROPERTIES OF BEEF LOIN STEAKS DIFFERING IN MARBLING

Beef loins representing six USDA marbling degrees provided steaks that were subjected to two thawing procedures prior to broiling at 70°C and subsequent evaluation of sensory, shear, and cooking properties. Loins from 120 carcasses were selected from the following six marbling degrees (20 loins/group): Moderately Abundant, Slightly Abundant, Moderate, Modest, Small, Slight. The two thawing procedures provided steaks of two internal temperatures before broiling (high = 10.5°C, low = 4.1°C). Reductions in marbling produced lower tenderness and juiciness ratings regardless of internal temperature prior to broiling. High initial-temperature produced higher tenderness and juiciness scores, less cooking loss, shorter cooking times and a more rare degree of doneness than the low initial-temperature. High initial-temperature resulted in instrumental measures more indicative of tenderness than low temperature, but only for steaks of Small and Slight marbling. However, high temperature produced lower beef flavor intensity in steaks from the higher marbling scores than low temperature. Use of higher internal meat temperatures just before broiling can reduce cooking time while enhancing tenderness and juiciness. With more highly marbled steaks, some additional broiling time may be necessary to develop beef flavor if higher internal meat temperatures were employed prior to broiling. Thawing procedures should be carefully controlled to prevent temperature abuse if it is decided to elevate meat temperatures prior to broiling.
SECOND THOUGHTS ON SECOND-GENERATION DISCRIMINATION School Resegregation in Southern States

This study analyzes patterns of resegregation in 345 public school systems in five southern states. We find that the phenomenon known as “second-generation discrimination” is more complex and multidimensional than has been assumed. We conclude that while racial disparities exist in many aspects of public education in the South, generalizations about the resegregative impact of second-generation discrimination are exaggerated.
Community Attachment in a Rural Region.

Abstract Two models of community attachment in mass society—the linear development model and the systemic model—are reviewed. Based on data from respondents living in 27 communities in north-central Iowa, population size and density, key variables in the linear-development model, relate only weakly to community attachment as measured by social bonds and local sentiments. Length of residence, income, and age, which are variables in the systemic model, generally are more strongly related to the bonds and sentiments. Because samples were sufficiently large that data for each community could be analyzed independently, additional tests of the systemic model were possible; results indicate that differences occur among communities within an area thought to be relatively homogeneous.
Convergence of simulated annealing-hastings

We develop worst-case and typical estimates for the rate of convergence of annealing algorithms. The worst-case estimates extend results of Geman and Geman (1983) for pattern recognition. However, as Geman and Geman observe, and empirical results imply, simulated annealing usually displays much faster convergence (and thus allows much faster cooling) than their worst-case results. Our typical case results help to explain this phenomenon.
Upper limit on the four photon decay of the neutral pion

Abstract We have searched for the decay π0 → 4 γ, and have observed no events. The 90% confidence level upper limit to the branching ratio is found to be 3.8 × 10−5.
Disparate Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction Moving Beyond Description and Targeting Interventions

"... a rising tide lifts all boats." Sen. John F. Kennedy, September 27, 1960 The seminal Institute of Medicine report, "Unequal Treatment", established the definite penetration of disparate care throughout all of medicine. At first glance, any major differences in health outcomes between groups of patients might be declared as evidence of a health care disparity- applying that definition generically. But, this IOM report established a striking contrast between differences that are appropriate and are largely based on patient preference, disease severity and treatment indication vs. differences due to overtly non-physiological influences that result in less than ideal outcomes. The differences attributable to this latter concern thus constitute true health care disparities and represent an appropriate target for interventions to either profoundly narrow or preferably eliminate those disparate outcomes that are non-physiologic in origin. Specifically, the root causes of disparate care include system level issues that largely reflect cultural competency or lack thereof, e.g., language, geographic and economic barriers to care; provider level concerns that focus on the perverse influence of bias and stereotyping; and community level issues, especially the built environment and the social determinants of health. Given the steady focus on addressing and eliminating health care disparities, it is expected that many of us have grown weary over these messages. However, the data presented by Mathews et al require us to remain resolute in our focus. Disparate care persists in cardiovascular medicine and tempers our exuberance that we are making transformational progress in the treatment of heart disease.
Pressure dependence of the Raman spectrum, lattice parameters and superconducting critical temperature of MgB2: evidence for pressure-driven phonon-assisted electronic topological transition

Abstract We overview recent high-pressure studies of high-temperature superconductor MgB 2 by Raman scattering technique combined with measurements of superconducting critical temperature T c and lattice parameters up to 57 GPa. An anomalously broadened Raman band at 620 cm −1 is observed and assigned to the in-plane boron stretching E 2g mode. It exhibits a large Gruneisen parameter indicating that the vibration is highly anharmonic. The pressure dependencies of the E 2g mode and T c reveal anomalies at 15–22 GPa (isotope dependent). The anharmonic character of the E 2g phonon mode, its anomalous pressure dependence, and also that for T c are interpreted as a result of a phonon-assisted Lifshitz electronic topological transition.
Measurement of Academic Self-Concept in College Students

The construct validity of the Academic Self-Concept Scale (Reynolds, in press) as a measure of an academic facet of general self-concept in college students was examined. Subjects were 589 undergraduate students from three colleges. Convergent validity was demonstrated in the form of correlations between the academic self-concept measure and subjects' grade point average (GPA), and scores on measures of general self-concept and locus of control. A multiple regression analysis of the Academic Self-Concept Scale produced a multiple correlation of .59 with GPA and general self-concept. Discriminant validity was shown via low correlations between academic self-concept and measures of mental ability and social desirability. As expected, differences in academic self-concept between year levels in college were also found. Factor analysis of the Academic Self-Concept Scale and subsequent oblique rotation resulted in seven interpretable factors. The results of this investigation lend support for the construct vali...
Bone marrow micrometastases in breast cancer patients.

Abstract Background: The status of the axillary nodes has historically been the most important indicator of prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, approximately one third of node-negative patients recur with systemic disease. The detection of bone marrow micrometastases (BMM) may represent additional information in predicting distant recurrence and survival. Methods: Bone marrow aspiration is obtained from the patient’s anterior iliac crest at the time of breast cancer surgery. Cytospins are prepared from this aspirate and stained for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Results: Multiple studies have evaluated the clinical implications of BMM. The majority of studies have found a significant correlation between the presence of BMM and decreased survival. The information of bone marrow status may serve as a complement to axillary lymph node status in assessing the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between the presence of bone marrow micrometastases and poorer survival. These results may have an impact upon therapeutic recommendations in breast cancer patients.
Harmonic generation at microwave frequencies in a bounded magnetoplasma

Abstract A cylindrical microwave cavity containing a magnetoplasma, the cavity designed so that for a particular plasma density the frequencies of two natural modes are harmonically related, is used to measure second harmonic power with varying pressure, fundamental power, and magnetization. The fundamental frequencies are in the range of 2-40 to 3160Hz, and the plasma frequency is approximately 14 GHz. The pressure range is 12 to 120mtorr. the fundamental power range is 2 mw to 1 W.and the cyclotron frequency is varied up to 912 GHz. Qualitatively good agreement between the data and calculations for harmonic generation in a cold uniform magnetoplasma in a similar cavity indicate that the observations result from electromagnetic wave-wave interactions
Patent Citations and the Geography of Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from Inventor- and Examiner-added Citations

Abstract I report new evidence for localized knowledge spillovers identified by within-patent variations in the geographic matching rates of citations added by inventors and citations added by examiners. Evaluated at the mean citation lag, inventor citations are 20% more likely than examiner citations to match the country of origin of their citing patent, whereas U.S. inventor citations are 25% more likely to match the state or metropolitan area of their citing patent. The localization of intranational knowledge spillovers declines with the passage of time, but international borders present a persistent barrier to spillovers.