cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of hemostasis techniques after invasive cardiovascular procedures.

Background The arterial access required during most invasive vascular procedures provides a common source of complications and morbidity. This problem has been made worse by recent trends in earlier ambulation and more aggressive antihemostatic drug regimens. Despite these trends, no randomized trials have been reported comparing the 3 most commonly used techniques in achieving hemostasis at the arterial puncture site. Methods A cohort of 400 patients undergoing catheterization laboratory procedures were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups of arterial compression: manual compression, mechanical clamp, and pneumatic compression device. Standard requirements of the trial included uniformity in initial compression times, patient instructions, nursing follow-up, and timing of ambulation as well as a structured interview and physical examination at 24 hours. Results Prolonged compression was required in 13% of the manual group, 20% of the clamp group, and 35% of the pneumatic group (P < .0001). In-lab bleeding was more common in the pneumatic group (3%, 4%, and 16%, respectively, P < .0001), as was the need for an alternate compression technique (1%, 1%, and 27%, P < .0001). The groups also differed in respect to mean hematoma size (3.9 cm2, 7.8 cm2, and 19.8 cm2, P = .036) and level of discomfort during compression (1.9, 2.2, and 3.1 on a 1- to 10-point scale, P < .0001). Comparable findings were observed in the subgroup of patients eligible for outpatient procedures. Conclusions Use of the pneumatic compression device leads to longer compression times, greater discomfort, more bleeding, and larger hematomas. Differences between manual compression and the mechanical clamp were more subtle but tend to favor use of the manual technique. (Am Heart J 1999;138:1118-25.)
Endocentric constructions and the Cocke parsing logic

Automatic syntactic analysis is simplified by disengaging the grammatical rules, by means of a parsing logic, from the computer routines that apply them. A case in point is the John Cocke logic. It iterates on five simple parameters and finds all structures permitted by the grammar, thus testing the rules, which can then be changed without changing the routines. The rules themselves need not be ordered so far as the logic of the system is concerned. However, in operating with an IC grammar, rules for bracketing endocentric constructions must be made quite complex merely to avoid multiple analyses of unambiguous or trivially ambiguous expressions. The rules can be simplified if they are classified and if the system is provided with an additional capability for applying them in a specified order. Although an additional parameter is introduced into the system, the disengagement of grammar from routine is preserved. The additional parameter controls the direction, left-to-right or right-to-left, in which constructions are put together. The decision as to which direction should be specified is a grammatical decision, and is related to Yngve's hypothesis of asymmetry in language. It does not affect the operation of the parsing logic.
La amistad dialógica en tiempos recios

The critical intention of Arce de Otalora’s Coloquios de Palatino y Pinciano embraces the greater part of mid-XVIth century. Nevertheless, the work has an esentially joyfull tone, avoiding the usual anguish and despair of nonconformist or dissenting people. The key of this lightness is friendship, a feeling that arises from the very first lines of this dialogue and acquires new importance in the Renaissance. Friendship doesn’t appear only between interlocutors, but is essential in the genesis of this work. Moreover, Otalora extends it to all the literates, who would take part of an invisible community. Behind this, the hidden figures of Erasmus and Plutarch emerge in an undercover translation.
A Novel Immunoprecipitation Strategy Identifies a Unique Functional Mimic of the Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Ligands in the Pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi

The journey of the Chagas' disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in the human body usually starts in the skin after an insect bite, when trypomastigotes get through the extracellular matrix to bind specific surface receptors in the epidermis and dermis to enter cells, where they differentiate and replicate. As the infection spreads to the heart, nervous system, and other parts of the body via the circulatory system, the parasite must also cope with additional receptors in the immune system and vascular endothelium. The molecular underpinnings that govern host cell receptor recognition by T. cruzi counterreceptors remain largely unknown. Here, we describe an immunoprecipitation strategy designed to concurrently identify host receptors and complementing parasite counterreceptors. Extracellular domains of growth factor receptors fused to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc were incubated with parasite lysates, immunoprecipitated on protein G-Sepharose, and eluted with Laemmli sample buffer. Possible T. cruzi counterreceptors pulled down by the receptor-Fc bait were visualized on immunoblots probed with multispecific high-affinity IgG from chronic chagasic sera and on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels stained with silver or Coomassie blue. In screening receptors important for nervous system repair, this parasite counterreceptor immunoprecipitation (PcIP) assay identified 7 to 11 polypeptides (molecular masses, 14 kDa to 55 kDa) that bound to the coreceptors of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) GFRα-1, -2, and -3. Binding was specific because the T. cruzi mimic of host GFLs, named TGFL, did not react with GFL coreceptor tyrosine kinase RET and with other neurotrophic receptors. The polypeptides were located on the parasite outer membrane and bound noncovalently to each other. TGFL eluted from the GFL receptor/protein G affinity column with 0.5 M NaCl, pH 7.5, and potently promoted neurite outgrowth and cell survival in a GFL-sensitive mouse pheochromocytoma cell line. Given that GFLs are neuron survival factors crucial for development and maintenance of central and peripheral nervous systems, it may be that T. cruzi mimicry of host GFLs helps in mutually beneficial host repair of infected and damaged nervous tissue. As there are >30 growth factor receptor-Fc chimeras commercially available, this PcIP assay can be readily adapted to identify receptors/counterreceptors in other T. cruzi invasion sites and in other infections such as Lyme disease, amebiasis, and schistosomiasis.
Us versus them: The roles of organizational identification and disidentification in social marketing initiatives

Abstract Whereas organizational identification is defined as a cognitive connection between a person and an organization, disidentification is defined as a sense of separateness. The authors conducted a mail survey to compare the attitudes and behaviors of people who identify or disidentify with the National Rifle Association or view it in a neutral fashion. The results show that whereas identification is related to people’s personal experiences, disidentification is related to their values surrounding the organization. Moreover, although both identifiers and disidentifiers talk, only identifiers take action.
A reflectivity method for laterally varying media: homogeneous layers with curved interfaces

SUMMARY 1-D reflectivity method in the frequency ray-parameter domain is the most popular method for computing synthetic seismograms. We explore an extension of this method to media consisting of homogeneous layers with curved interfaces. The 2-D extension of the method involves explicit evaluation of boundary conditions that results in a matrix formulation involving several matrix inversions in a coupled ray-parameter domain. First, we revisit this method by examining the intermediate results in the coupled shot-receiver ray-parameter domain for realistic models; numerous numerical artefacts are caused by matrix operations. Next we investigate an alternate asymptotic approach by examining a tangent plane or Kirchhoff formulation in the plane wave domain to replace the exact boundary condition evaluation. All other reflectivity operations such as the invariant imbedding or iterative computation of reflection, transmission, multiple and mode conversions can be readily applied even under this approximation. Our resulting algorithm computes noise free seismograms even with coarse sampling of the interfaces and ray parameters. Approximate calculation of reflection/transmission coefficients, however, does not include multiple interaction of a plane wave with an interface. We show examples of synthetic seismograms for a suite of realistic models. Our computations are performed in the coupled slowness domain and thus, multiple shot-receiver data can be synthesized rapidly. Intermediate results in the coupled slowness space provide important insight into understanding wave propagation in heterogeneous media.
Coccinellids, aphids, and pollen in diversified vegetable fields with transgenic and isoline cultivars

The influence of concurrent introduction of three transgenic vegetable cultivars on seasonal dynamics of coccinellids and their food, aphids and pollen, was examined within diversified farm systems practicing insect pest management in northeastern US agroecosystems. The transgenic cultivars used included sweet corn, potato, and winter squash, expressing Cry1(A)b, Cry3A, and plant viral coat proteins that target Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and aphid-transmitted viruses, respectively. Transgenic systems reduced insecticides by 25%. Weekly differences in coccinellid density between transgenic and isoline crops were rare and transitory, governed by timing of at-planting or foliar insecticide use patterns; however cumulative frequencies for three of the six coccinellid species differed between transgenic and isoline crops. At a multicrop, farm systems level, seasonal dynamics of the coccinellids and aphids tracked dynamics in the sweet corn, which far surpassed the other crops in abundance of coccinellids and pollen, and harbored consistently higher aphid densities. Although these results warrant further study, the patterns suggest that diversified transgenic vegetable crops under current commercial management demonstrated transitory conservation of coccinellids, and that integration with selective insecticides or other IPM tactics could increase this potential.
Work in progress — Integrating mathematical modeling with computer visualization to improve students' problem solving in an introductory engineering course

This paper reports ongoing efforts of integrating mathematical modeling with computer visualization to improve students' problem solving in an introductory Engineering Dynamics course. A special set of computer simulation and animation (CSA) learning modules was developed, implemented, and assessed in an Engineering Dynamics course taught by the author of this paper in multiple semesters. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted, including pre-post tests to assess students' learning gains from the CSA learning modules, and questionnaire surveys and interviews to assess students' attitudes towards and experiences with the modules. The results showed that students made at least 48% learning gains with the CSA learning modules, and that 70%–80% of the students who responded to the survey agreed that the modules helped them build a connection between mathematics and Dynamics concepts.
Common Core State Standards and Response to Intervention: The Importance of Assessment, Intervention, and Progress Monitoring

With the recent debut of the common core state standards (CCSS) , it is important to consider the potential opportunities and implications of response to intervention (RTI)/multi-tier system of supports (MTSS) and CCSS in facilitating the academic success of all students. This chapter delineates the central tenets of the CCSS and explores intersects with RTI practices. As education professionals shift to the new curriculum standards, there is a tremendous opportunity for schools to explore refining or developing an RTI infrastructure. Thus, this chapter also highlights the importance of using appropriate assessments, evidence-based intervention strategies, and progress monitoring to facilitate student achievement. To the extent that CCSS articulates a new destination for students, RTI may provide a means of getting there.
Restoring oak forest, woodlands and savannahs using modern silvicultural analogs to historic cultural fire regimes

Variability in historic fire regimes in eastern North America resulted in an array of oak savannahs, woodlands and forests that were dominant vegetation types throughout the region. In the past century, once abundant savannahs and woodlands have become scarce due to conversion to agriculture, or development of forest structure in the absence of fire. In addition, the future dominance of oak forests is uncertain due to chronic low regeneration potential of oak across the region and insufficient overstory recruitment. Restoration of oak savannahs and woodlands, and sustaining oak forests are primary goals for land management agencies and conservation organizations. Insights learned from fire history research can be used to guide silviculture prescriptions to achieve these goals. Restoration of oak savannahs and woodlands requires a long-term regimen of prescribed burning, but it takes a combination of prescribed fire, timber harvesting and forest thinning to efficiently produce desired structure and composition. Sustaining oak savannahs and woodlands requires an occasional longer fire-free period to allow for replacement of the overstory by recruitment of trees from the reserve of oak sprouts that have accumulated in the understory. Prescribed fire is useful for sustaining oak forests, but it must be used judiciously to minimize timber damage and decreases in value. Integrating fire in a silvicultural prescription that uses the shelterwood regeneration method to promote competitive oak reproduction has been successfully applied in the eastern US to sustain oak forests. Restoration of oak ecosystems is possible but requires innovative combinations of traditional practices, including prescribed burning.
Thermodynamic analysis of volatile organometallic fission products

The ability to perform rapid separations in a post nuclear weapon detonation scenario is an important aspect of national security. In the past, separations of fission products have been performed using solvent extraction, precipitation, etc. The focus of this work is to explore the feasibility of using thermochromatography, a technique largely employed in superheavy element chemistry, to expedite the separation of fission products from fuel components. A series of fission product complexes were synthesized and the thermodynamic parameters were measured using TGA/DSC methods. Once measured, these parameters were used to predict their retention times using thermochromatography.
When Dogs Fly: The Roles of Context and Stimulus Type in Predicting Non-Amnesic Visual Search

The present study examined whether search memory is facilitated by the presence of ecologically congruent cues. Participants completed a visual search task in which they had to decide whether one or two targets were present in an array of 12 items. Reaction time and eye movements were recorded. Targets consisted of either organic stimuli (person, dog, bird), artifacts (jets) or symbols (stars or a backwards ‘S’). These were placed on one of three backgrounds (neutral gray, sky, or grass). Reaction times showed that search memory was greatest for organic stimuli (people, dogs), followed by complex symbols, and finally stimuli that are most associated with aerial searches. Eye movements showed a similar pattern of results. This pattern of data suggests a continuum in the reliance on inhibitive markers during visual search, such that naturally paired stimuli and backgrounds may be more likely to yield non-amnesic searches.
Emotional Intelligence: Thinking out of the Box

In his treatise Nicomechian Ethics, Aristotle recognized the importance of emotions when he stated: "One must learn to manage our emotional life with intelligence." In other words, how can we bring intelligence to our emotions and emotions to our intelligence? Why do some people with high IQ fail, and some people with low IQ succeed? Successful intelligence represents the consilience of intellectual intelligence, practical intelligence, and creative intelligence. We measure intellectual intelligence by IQ, practical intelligence by years of experience, and creative intelligencealso known as emotional intelligenceby emotional quotient (EQ). Self-efficacy and tacit knowledge have been found to be the two most important characteristics for someone with a high EQ. Ninety-percent of the qualities or "competencies" that make someone excellent or better than average have been identified as characteristics of emotional intelligence. If education teaches intellectual intelligence and industry focuses on practical intelligence, do either learning experiences provide the environment to teach emotional intelligence? In our quest for successful intelligence, who is teaching our students to think "out of the box?"
Analysis of heavy metal pollution in the food of Nanyang City

Objective To understand the pollution of the heavy metal(including lead,cadmium and mercury) in the food of Nanyang City.Methods In the main farmers' markets and supermarkets of the city,127 samples of 11 categories of food were ramdomly collected to test the content of lead,cadmium and mercury.Results Eleven categories of food were,in different degrees,contaminated by heavy metal.the most common food contaminated was lead and cadmium,the detection rate was 88.2% and 80.3% respectively.Fruit had the highest exceeding lead rate(47.6%).Fresh water fish affected by mercury pollution was the most common(87.5%),average 0.072 mg/kg.Conclusions The food in Nangyang city had a rather high pollution of heavy metal,the determination of heavy metal pollution should be promoted to find out the pollution source.
The moho depth variations under the LASA and their effect on dT/dΔ measurements

The LASA array in Montana was used to measure the slope of the travel-time curve ( dT/d Δ) for events with epicenters to the northwest and southeast. Lateral inhomogeneities under the array introduce large relative arrival time errors (station residuals). A model for the crust under LASA is proposed which can explain the station residuals. This crustal model accounts for the major differences between the measured and Jeffreys-Bullen (J-B) dT/d Δ values. The model was used to correct the measured dT/d Δ profiles for the crustal effect.
Effects of 6-N-Allyladenosine on Bacterial and Mammalian Cells

The adenosine analogue 6-N-allyladenosine is toxic to Escherichia coli and to mammalian tumor cells in culture. In the presence of 6-N-allyladenosine, E. coli cells excrete xanthosine into the medium; the inhibition of growth of the bacteria caused by this agent is reversed by addition of guanine. Consistent with these observations is the potent inhibition of bacterial GMP synthetase [xanthosine 59-phosphate:ammonia ligase (AMP), EC 6.3.4.1] by 6-N-allyladenosine. The toxicity of 6-N-allyladenosine toward mammalian cells is different from that toward bacteria, for it is dependent upon phosphorylation of the analogue by adenosine kinase. Mutants which lack this emzyme are resistant to 6-N-allyladenosine. The mammalian GMP synthetase [xanthosine 59-phosphate:L-glutamine amidoligase (AMP), EC 6.3.5.2] is not strongly inhibited by 6-N-allyladenosine, but in intact cells the analogue, presumably present as the nucleotide, is a potent inhibitor of an early step in the purine-biosynthetic pathway. However, inability to reverse the toxicity of 6-N-allyladenosine by 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide or hypoxanthine implies that such an effect is not solely responsible for growth inhibition.
Effects of leukocyte activation on capillary hemodynamics in skeletal muscle

Leukocytes may be an important determinant of microvascular resistance, particularly during pathological states that cause cell activation and cytoplasmic stiffening. Significant mechanisms include capillary plugging and venular adhesion. Previous quantitative studies on leukocyte-capillary plugging focused solely on arteriolar-capillary branchpoints. There are no quantitative data on plugging throughout the capillary network either under normal conditions or after leukocyte activation. Plugging measurements were made throughout capillary networks at both arteriolar-capillary and capillary-capillary branchpoints in spinotrapezius muscle of anesthetized rats under normal physiological conditions and after leukocyte activation by superfusion with 1 x 10(-7) M N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP). These data were used to estimate the increase in microvascular flow resistance due to leukocyte plugging. The increase was 1.1% in control and 15.9% in the activated state. On an individual network basis, this represents an average 23-fold increase (P < 0.002) in network resistance, suggesting that leukocyte activation has a significant impact on microvascular blood flow.
Prevention and Control Measures in Management of Allergic Diseases

There is a well-documented relationship between allergic disease and allergen exposure. It is important to institute measures that reduce allergen exposure in the treatment of all types of allergic disease, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. These measures include reducing exposure to both indoor environmental allergens, such as dust mite and cat/dog dander, as well as outdoor pollens, like tree, grass, and weed pollen.
Guzmán, Tracy Devine. Native and National in Brazil: Indigeneity After Independence . Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 2013. Print.

Guzman traces the tensions between the symbolic renderings of Indian-ness and the lived experience of indigeneity across an eclectic array of materials ranging from literary texts to archival documents, from popular print and televisual media to an indigenist opera.
Responsibility beyond the Human

Anthropocentrism has played an important role in shaping western notions of ethical responsibility. To interrogate this connection between concepts of the human and morality, this chapter critically considers the notion of community as the space within which ethical encounters with others take place. Theories that imagine such encounters within an egalitarian political community often tend to overlook the roles foreignness and irreducible alterity play in moral thought. This also appears to be the case with Cavell when he theorises otherness against a background of shared linguistic, cultural, or emotional ties. My critique, however, does not dismiss the importance of the concept of community for our understanding of responsibility altogether. As the notion of welcoming the other implies, community can also be understood as constituted by an ethical demand. Community, from its Latin root com-munus, is then understood as a shared duty or responsibility, where our responsibility for others creates connectivity. Here connection does not follow from similarity or affinity, but is understood as an ethical and political relation established between beings who remain unequal, separate, and foreign to each other. This chapter thus sets out to determine how far ‘ethical connectivity’ could reach, if it could go beyond the human, and whether the idea of community remains useful for ethical thought.
Abstract 234: Mitochondrial morphology as a biomarker of cancer phenotype and drug response

Mitochondria, critical organelles in quiescent and dividing cells, have been shown to vary in number, mass, and shape. While previous work has focused on understanding molecular mechanisms underlying changes in normal and immortalized cells, less is known about longer-term mitochondrial behavior such as morphological patterns in individual cells and overall populations, the heterogeneity and functional consequences of these patterns, and ultimately how potential mitochondrial heterogeneity can be exploited in the clinic. Indeed, while previous studies have been conducted illustrating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological alterations in certain tumor types, more comprehensive analyses across tumor and cell types, as well as from cells derived from individual patients, have yet to be conducted. A primary impediment to this work is the technical challenge of consistently assaying mitochondrial morphology in diverse cell types where fixation procedures, collection techniques, and differing optical qualities between samples make potential analyses a challenging application. We have developed an image based analytical technique to phenotype mitochondrial morphology in different cancers, including in vitro cancer cell lines and patient derived cancer cells. Our methodology is based on a combination of novel, clinically relevant collection and fixation techniques, and advanced image processing and computer learning analysis methodologies. Our results demonstrate that i) cancer cells of different origins, including patient-derived xenografts, express highly diverse mitochondrial phenotypes; ii) a given phenotype is characteristic of a cell population and fairly constant over time; iii) mitochondrial patterns correlate with cell metabolomics measurements and iv) therapeutic interventions can alter mitochondrial phenotypes in drug-sensitive cancers as measured in pre- versus post-treatment fine needle aspirates in mice. These observations shed light on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the biology and drug response of cancer cells. Citation Format: Randy J. Giedt, Paolo Fumene Fergulio, Divya Pathania, Katherine S. Yang, Aoife Kilcoyne, Claudio Vinegoni, Tim J. Mitchison, Ralph Weissleder. Mitochondrial morphology as a biomarker of cancer phenotype and drug response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 234.
Knockdown of GSK3β increases basal autophagy and AMPK signalling in nutrient-laden human aortic endothelial cells

High concentrations of glucose and palmitate increase endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis, events that often precede atherogenesis. They may do so by decreasing basal autophagy and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not clear. Decreased function of the lysosome, an organelle required for autophagy and AMPK, have been associated with hyperactivity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). To determine whether GSK3β affects nutrient-induced changes in autophagy and AMPK activity, we used a primary human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) model of type 2 diabetes that we had previously characterized with impaired AMPK activity and autophagy [Weikel et al. (2015) Am. J. Phys. Cell Physiol. 308, C249–C263]. Presently, we found that incubation of HAECs with excess nutrients (25 mM glucose and 0.4 mM palmitate) increased GSK3β activity and impaired lysosome acidification. Suppression of GSK3β in these cells by treatment with a chemical inhibitor or overexpression of kinase-dead GSK3β attenuated these lysosomal changes. Under control and excess nutrient conditions, knockdown of GSK3β increased autophagosome formation, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) activity and AMPK signalling and decreased Akt signalling. Similar changes in autophagy, AMPK and Akt signalling were observed in aortas from mice treated with the GSK3β inhibitor CHIR 99021. Thus, increasing basal autophagy and AMPK activity by inhibiting GSK3β may be an effective strategy in the setting of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia for restoring endothelial cell health and reducing atherogenesis.
Effect of Magnetic Anisotropy on the Heat Capacity of HoAl2

The heat capacity of HoAl2 reveals an unexplained anomaly at 20 K. It appears that this anomaly originates from a change in the easy direction of magnetization brought about by the combined effect of crystalline electric and exchange fields. Calculations have been performed using the equivalent operator method. The exchange field acting on Ho3+ is determined in a self-consistent manner. Changes in the easy direction of magnetization are found for a range of reasonable crystal field parameters. The calculated Ho3+ magnetic moment is in agreement with experiment.
Multiresolution analysis of characteristic length scales with high-resolution topographic data

Characteristic length scales (CLS) define landscape structure and delimit geomorphic processes. Here we use multi-resolution analysis (MRA) to estimate such scales from high resolution topographic data. MRA employs progressive terrain defocusing, via convolution of the terrain data with Gaussian kernels of increasing standard deviation, and calculation at each smoothing resolution of (i) the probability distributions of curvature and topographic index (defined as the ratio of slope to area in log scale) and (ii) characteristic spatial patterns of divergent and convergent topography identified by analyzing the curvature of the terrain. The MRA is first explored using synthetic 1D and 2D signals whose CLS are known. It is then validated against a set of MARSSIM(a landscape evolution model) steady-state landscapes whose CLS were tuned by varying hillslope diffusivity and simulated noise amplitude. The known CLS match the scales at which the distributions of topographic index and curvature show scaling breaks, indicating that the MRA can identify CLS in landscapes based on the scaling behavior of topographic attributes. Finally, the MRA is deployed to measure the CLS of five natural landscapes using meter-resolution digital terrain model data. CLS are inferred from the scaling breaks of the topographic index and curvature distributions and equated with (i) small-scale roughness features and (ii) the hillslope length scale.
1027-LBP: Interplay between auto- and allo-immunity in the development of lung allograft rejection

Aim De novo autoantibodies (autoAbs) against lung restricted autoantigens, namely k-alpha 1 tubulin (KAT) and collagen type V (colV), develop following transplant but their role in allograft rejection remains unclear. Using the murine model of lung transplant we investigated whether these autoAbs can abrogate immunosuppression mediated tolerance of lung allografts and induce rejection of syngeneic grafts. Methods Abs to KAT, ColV and isotype control ( n = 5/group) were administered in Bl/6 murine recipients of MHC-mismatched Balb/c single left lung allografts that were tolerized using costimulatory blockade (MR1 and CTLA4-Ig). ELISPOT was used to analyze antigen specific T cells. Graft rejection was characterized using histochemistry. Syngeneic single left lung transplants were performed in B/6 mice following which Abs to KAT, ColV and isotype control were injected. Results Lung allografts showed no rejection following co-stimulatory blockade. Administration of either KAT or colV autoAbs, but not isotype control, led to allograft rejection (but not native lungs) by day 45. This correlated with infiltration of IFN γ and IL-17 secreting Tcells specific to the lung-restricted autoantigens (but not Collagen II) as well as donor MHC antigens (but not against third party MHC antigens). Either KAT or colV autoAbs alone induced immunity against the other lung restricted autoantigen as well but not against non-lung antigen Collagen II. Administration of either colV or KAT autoAbs led to the rejection of syngeneic left lung grafts (but not native lungs) that was associated with infiltration of autoantigen specific IFN γ and IL-17 secreting T cells. Conclusions De novo autoAbs can abrogate immunosuppression mediated lung allograft tolerance. Autoabs can lead to graft rejection in the absence of alloimmunity as evident by rejection of syngeneic grafts. AutoAbs also lead to epitope spreading and development of additional autoimmune responses against target tissue-restricted as well as donor MHC antigens.
Major structural genomic alterations can be associated with hybrid speciation in Aegilops markgrafii (Triticeae).

Summary During evolutionary history, many grasses from the tribe Triticeae underwent interspecific hybridization resulting in allopolyploidy, whereas homoploid hybrid speciation was found only in rye. Homoeologous chromosomes within the Triticeae preserved cross-species macrocolinearity, except for a few species with rearranged genomes. Aegilops markgrafii, a diploid wild relative of wheat (2x=2n=14), has a highly asymmetrical karyotype that is indicative of chromosome rearrangements. Molecular cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing were used to explore the genome organization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a set of wheat cDNAs allowed establishing the macrostructure and cross-genome homoeology of the Ae. markgrafii chromosomes. Two chromosomes maintained colinearity, whereas the remaining were highly rearranged as a result of inversions and inter- and intrachromosomal translocations. We used sets of barley and wheat orthologous gene sequences to compare discrete parts of the Ae. markgrafii genome involved in the rearrangements. Analysis of sequence identity profiles and phylogenic relationships grouped chromosome blocks into two distinct clusters. Chromosome painting revealed the distribution of transposable elements and differentiated chromosome blocks into two groups consistent with the sequence analyses. These data suggest that introgressive hybridization accompanied with gross chromosome rearrangements might have had an impact on karyotype evolution and homoploid speciation in Ae. markgrafii. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
By their properties, causes and Effects: Newton's Scholium on time, space, place and motion—II. The context

Abstract As I have read the scholium, it divides into three main parts, not including the introductory paragraph. The first consists of paragraphs one to four in which Newton sets out his characterizations of absolute and relative time, space, place, and motion. Although some justificatory material is included here, notably in paragraph three, the second part is reserved for the business of justifying the characterizations he has presented. The main object is to adduce grounds for believing that the absolute quantities are indeed distinct from their relative measures and are not reducible to them. Paragraph five takes this up for the case of time. Paragraphs eight to twelve endeavor to do this for rest and motion by appealing to their properties, causes and effects. In arguing that absolute motion (or rest) is not reducible to any particular form of the relative motion (or rest) of bodies with respect to one another, and thus, as is directly argued in the third argument, must be understood in terms of motionless places, Newton thereby constructs an indirect case that absolute space is indeed something distinct from any relative space. Paragraph thirteen functions as conclusion to this line of inquiry and comments on how, in the light of this, the names of these quantities are to be interpreted in the scriptures. The third and final part consists of paragraph fourteen alone, and addresses the question: given that true motion is motion with respect to absolute space, but the parts of the latter are not perceivable, is it possible for us to know the true motions of individual bodies? Newton illustrates how this may be done from the evidence provided by their apparent motions and the forces which are the causes and effects of true motion. This forms a bridge to the body of the work insofar as the purpose of the Principia , according to Newton, is to show how this, and the converse problem, of inferring true and apparent motions from the forces, can be dealt with. Part II of this paper will appear in the next issue of Studies in History and Philosophy of Science .
How Packaging Characteristics Change the Perception of Product Net Weight

Packaging is an interface that conveys different messages about contained products through packaging characteristics. The weight of a product is one of these messages which has implications on cons...
The most affected health domains after ischemic stroke

Objectives (1) Examine 8 patient-reported domains of health across levels of disability compared to the US general population; and (2) identify factors associated with domain scores in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Observational cohort study of 1,195 patients in a cerebrovascular clinic from February 17, 2015, to January 27, 2017, who completed Neuro-QoL (Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders) executive function or the following PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) scales as part of routine care: physical function, satisfaction with social roles, fatigue, anxiety, depression, pain interference, and sleep disturbance. Results Mean age was 62 (±15) years, and 81% were white. Median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the clinic visit was 1 (interquartile range 0–2). Percentage of patients with scores meaningfully worse than the general population ranged from 28% (sleep disturbance) to 63% (physical function). Scores were worse in patients with higher mRS levels, although correlation between scores and mRS level varied (sleep disturbance r = 0.16 to physical function r = 0.52). Most affected domains were physical function (T score = 58.8), satisfaction with social roles (T score = 55.4), and executive function (T score = 53.4). Disability, lower income, and female sex were associated with worse scores in multiple domains. Age was associated with worse physical function but lower anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance. Conclusions Patients with ischemic stroke reported symptoms in multiple domains that increase to variable degrees at higher levels of disability. Physical function, satisfaction with social roles, and executive function were most affected. This information improves our understanding of the well-being of patients with ischemic stroke and brings attention to the importance of social roles and executive function for stroke survivors.
Can and Should The Force Method be Revisited

There are many who regard the finite element method as a new and innovative approach to engineering analysis. Yet, the method has now been in bloom for over forty years. As practiced today, the method took shape between about 1955 and 1965. This was a period of not only discovery, but also of the sorting out of many competing, operational formulations. What those debates were about has, to all practical purposes, vanished from collective memory.
Surfacing the Structures of Patriarchy: Teaching and Learning Threshold Concepts in Women's Studies*

Patriarchy is a threshold concept in women’s studies—a significant, defining concept that transforms students’ understanding of the discipline. This article reviews our design, implementation, and findings of a lesson study crafted to teach women’s studies students the complex idea of patriarchy as a social system. We analyze the lesson using both quantitative and qualitative analysis, in keeping with the ideals of feminist pedagogy, suggesting a new model of SoTL research for the women’s studies field.
The Selection of Heterokaryons and Cell Hybrids Using the Biochemical Inhibitors Iodoacetamide and Diethylpyrocarbonate

Most selective systems for isolating fusion products between different cell types rely on the preferential ability of the fusion products to grow in a special medium (reviewed in Ringertz and Savage, 1976). Because these selection systems require cell division, most experiments in somatic cell genetics have studied clones of cell hybrids rather than heterokaryons, which are the immediate product of the fusion of two different cells. However, there are many fundamental differences between hybrids and heterokaryons that make the latter an important subject of investigation. One of the most significant derives from the fact that most differentiated cells are slowly dividing or postmitotic. Restricting the analysis to only those fusion products capable of rapid cell division and clone formation thus automatically biases results against the expression of differentiated functions. This bias is particularly compelling if one examines the frequency with which heterokaryons give rise to growing hybrid clones. Although this varies widely with the cell combination employed and ranges from as much as one in three (Kao et al., 1969) to as few as one in 100, 000 (Miller and Ruddle, 1976), an average value appears to be that about one in 100 heterokaryons gives rise to a hybrid clone. These clones thus represent a highly selected subset of all fusion products. Conclusions about the expression of differentiated functions in the clones must therefore be interpreted with caution.
IL-1 and TGF-β Modulation of Epithelial Basement Membrane Components Perlecan and Nidogen Production by Corneal Stromal Cells.

Purpose To determine whether (1) the in vitro expression of epithelial basement membrane components nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan by keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts is modulated by cytokines/growth factors, and (2) perlecan protein is produced by stromal cells after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods Marker-verified rabbit keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, or PDGF-AB. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect expression of nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan mRNAs. Western blotting evaluated changes in protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed on rabbit corneas for perlecan, alpha-smooth muscle actin, keratocan, vimentin, and CD45 at time points from 1 day to 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Results IL-1α or -1β significantly upregulated perlecan mRNA expression in keratocytes. TGF-β1 or -β3 markedly downregulated nidogen-1 or -2 mRNA expression in keratocytes. None of these cytokines had significant effects on nidogen-1, -2, or perlecan mRNA expression in corneal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. IL-1α significantly upregulated, while TGF-β1 significantly downregulated, perlecan protein expression in keratocytes. Perlecan protein expression was upregulated in anterior stromal cells at 1 and 2 days after -4.5 or -9 diopters (D) PRK, but the subepithelial localization of perlecan became disrupted at 7 days and later time points in -9-D PRK corneas when myofibroblasts populated the anterior stroma. Conclusions IL-1 and TGF-β1 have opposing effects on perlecan and nidogen expression by keratocytes in vitro. Proximate participation of keratocytes is likely needed to regenerate normal epithelial basement membrane after corneal injury.
Plant Cell Wall Composition: Does Ploidy Matter?

Most of the carbon dioxide sequestered by plants during photosynthesis is converted into sugars and stored into polysaccharide-enriched cells walls that constitute the majority of the plant biomass. While plants have long been considered a valuable resource of biomaterials for the chemical and
Multifunctional All-Dielectric Metasurfaces

Cascaded dielectric metasurfaces that provide distinct polarization conversion/control at different bands are introduced. A step-by-step design approach is presented to realize a wide range of polarization transformations with metasurfaces employing simple geometries. The proposed metasurfaces consist of cascaded subwavelength gratings with varying orientations that are separated by isotropic spacers. These metasurfaces can be designed to function as broadband or multiband polarization filters, as well as multifunctional polarization converters that are compact (wavelength-scaled)and low-loss.
The pharmacological and functional characterization of the serotonergic system in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti: influences on flight and blood-feeding behavior

Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae harbor the causative agents of diseases such as dengue fever and malaria, afflicting human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given the worldwide emergence of resistance to insecticides, the current mainstay for vector control, identification of alternative modes of action for future insecticides is paramount. The serotonergic (5-HT) system has been documented to impact physiological mechanisms involved in disease transmission, suggesting its potential as a new mode of action target for future insecticide development. Target 5-HT receptors were cloned and expressed in the HEK293 cell line for functional and pharmacological characterization. Manipulation of the 5-HT system through microinjection of compounds suggests its involvement in the modulation of flight performance and blood-feeding behavior. By attenuating these two determinants of vectorial capacity, transmission and burden of disease could effectively be reduced. Considering these positive global health implications, the 5-HT system is a compelling target for the novel insecticide pipeline.
122) S100B Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Associate with Both Acute Crisis Pain and Chronic Pain in Sickle Cell Disease

Pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) is complex and heterogeneous. In this study, we examine the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the S100B gene on acute and chronic pain variation in SCD. 136 subjects with SCD recorded their baseline, non-crisis pain experience on a digital version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, from which we obtained composite pain index (CPI) scores as a measurement for chronic pain. Utilization of emergency or urgent care owing to painful crisis was recorded as a marker for acute pain. Blood/buccal swab samples were collected and genotyped using MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed association with higher CPI scores for rs9983698 T allele (additive: B= 4.91, p= 0.014; dominant: B= 6.43, p= 0.009), rs9722 A allele (additive: B= 4.81, p= 0.005; dominant: B= 7.80, p= 0.003), and rs11911834 T allele (additive: B= 4.75, p= 0.016; dominant: B= 6.13, p= 0.011). On the other hand, the G allele of rs1051169 associated with decreased CPI (additive: B= -6.14, p= 0.001; dominant: B= -6.56, p= 0.009; recessive: B= -9.78, p= 0.005). Further, ordinal logistic regression of utilization groups showed that the G allele of rs1051169 also associated with lower utilization (additive: B= -1.02, p= 0.0003; dominant: B= -1.20, p= 0.002; recessive: B= -1.26, p= 0.015). Employing linkage disequilibrium plot, we identified two haploblocks for these 4 SNPs. In block 1 (rs9983698-rs9722), haplotypes T-A and C-G significantly associated with CPI (B= 5.63, -4.81; p= 0.007, 0.005, respectively). In block 2 (rs1051169-rs11911834), C-T and G-G haplotypes showed significant association with CPI (B= 4.52, -6.02; p= 0.024, 0.001, respectively). S100B SNPs and haplotypes were found to associate with acute and chronic pain in SCD indicating the potential role of S100B in sickle cell pain heterogeneity. Supported by grants from the NIH (R01HL124945, R01HL098141, T32DE018381) and IDPH.
Availability of and Participation in Workplace Health Promotion Programs by Sociodemographic, Occupation, and Work Organization Characteristics in US Workers.

Purpose:To examine how the availability of and participation in workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) vary as a function of sociodemographic, occupation, and work organization characteristics...