cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Great researcher … good teacher?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the research productivity and teaching effectiveness of baccalaureate nurse educators. This was a nonexperimental, correlational, retrospective study. Sixty baccalaureate nurse educators completed a questionnaire that assessed their research productivity and administered a teaching effectiveness questionnaire to all students in their classes in a given week. No relationship of significance was found between faculty research productivity and teaching effectiveness. Faculty at research institutions were found to be significantly higher research producers than faculty at either comprehensive or liberal arts institutions. No significant difference was found in the teaching effectiveness between faculty employed at research, comprehensive, or liberal arts institutions. Recommendations included (1) broadening the definition of research to include the scholarship of integration, discovery, application, and teaching; (2) implementation of two career tracks for faculty in higher education, with different reward structures for each; and (3) allowing the academic department as opposed to individual faculty to be the basic unit of evaluation.
TEF-1 and MEF2 transcription factors interact to regulate muscle-specific promoters.

Many muscle-specific genes are regulated by transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1), serum response factor (SRF), and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factors. TEF-1 interacts with the MADS domain of SRF and together SRF and TEF-1 co-activate the skeletal α-actin promoter. MEF2 factors also contain a MADS domain with 50% amino acid identity to the SRF MADS domain. Because of this sequence divergence, some SRF co-factors do not interact with MEF2. To demonstrate that TEF-1 factors could also interact with MEF2 through its MADS domain, we used co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays in vitro and a mammalian two-hybrid assay in vivo. The MADS domain was not sufficient for MEF2 interaction with TEF-1, because additional sequences in the activation domains of both proteins were required for in vivo association. The physiological significance of this interaction was also demonstrated by transient transfection assays using muscle-specific promoters. Our results suggest that by their interaction with MEF2 factors, TEF-1 factors can control MEF2-dependent muscle-specific gene expression.
DNA synthesis is unaffected but subsequent cell division is delayed in tadpole hindlimb epidermis when thyroxine is given in the dark.

In Rana pipiens tadpoles, thyroxine (T4) injection in the early light promotes faster hindlimb growth and development than injection early in the dark. T4 also stimulates a significant increase in cell proliferation in the basal epidermal cells of the limb. Using autoradiography, we studied the timing of the T4-induced rise in the labeling and mitotic indices on 12L:12D cycles with 0.2 μg T4 injection early in the light or dark and on a 12L:3D:1L:8D cycle with a light pulse early in the dark shortly after a T4 injection. In all instances, the labeling index peaked at the same time after the start of T4, so diurnal differences in the binding or initial actions of T4 leading up to the entrance of epidermal cells into the DNA synthetic (S) phase of the cell cycle are not indicated. However, with T4 injection in the dark the subsequent mitotic index peak was delayed, to a greater extent on 12L:12D than on 12L:3D:1L:8D. Cells induced to proliferate following T4 injection in the dark evidently had longer cell cycles, probably at the expense of the S or G2 phase, than when T4 was given in the light.
Inversions and deletions of the Salmonella chromosome generated by the translocatable tetracycline resistance element Tn10

Spontaneous tetraoyoline-sensitive derivatives of a Tn10 insertion in the hisG gene of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated and subjected to genetic analysis. All 123 of the drug-sensitive derivatives characterized have undergone stable alterations in the Tn10 element itself; over half of the derivatives have also undergone major alterations of neighboring regions of the Salmonella chromosome. These chromosomal rearrangements are of two types: inversions and deletions. Any single inversion or deletion affects a contiguous stretch of chromosomal material extending from the site of the original Tn10 element either leftward or rightward. The genetic properties of deletion and inversion derivatives suggest that these chromosomal alterations are promoted by the Tn10 element itself. The role of translocatable elements in promoting chromosomal deletions is well documented; the ability of an element to promote inversions of chromosomal material has not previously been reported. Possible analogies between the 1400-base-pair inverted repetition at the end of Tn10 and the small insertion sequence IS1 predict particular structures for Tn10-promoted deletions. A structural explanation or model for Tn10-promoted inversions is presented. The observation that Tn10 promotes the formation of inversions suggests that such elements could play a previously unanticipated role in promoting chromosomal inversions during evolution of prokaryotic organisms. Generally applicable genetic methods for the identification and characterization of chromosomal inversions are described.
Resonance scattering by atmospheric sodium—V Theory of the day airglow

Abstract Chandrasekhar's theory of radiative transfer is applied to the day airglow to obtain the D2 and D1 brightness as a function of the sodium abundance and ground albedo. An analytic method of integrating monochromatic intensities over a Doppler profile has been developed, eliminating the necessity for numerical quadratures. This method is general and could be used to simplify calculations in the twilight and night airglow sodium problems as well. A high ground albedo can nearly double the radiation incident on the sodium “layer”, compared with direct sunlight alone. A general derivation is given of Hunten's (Part III) approximation for an effective optical thickness. In Appendix A the twilight problem is treated from the standpoint of the analytic method of line integrations and equations are given that may be used to extend the accuracy of the solutions; in Appendix B some X- and Y-functions for small optical thicknesses are tabulated; Appendix C gives basic formulae for extending the accuracy of analytic solutions to transfer problems in line radiation.
Notes on neotropical vaccinieae (Ericaceae) VII. Novelties from Ecuador

Four new Ericaceae are described from the Andes of Ecuador:Cavendishia lebroniae,Ceratostema megabracteatum,Orthaea fimbriata, andSphyrospermum boekei.
The stability of internal solitary waves

A theory is developed relating to the stability of solitary-wave solutions of the so-called Benjamin-Ono equation. This equation was derived by Benjamin (5) as a model for the propagation of internal waves in an incompressible non-diffusive heterogeneous fluid for which the density is non-constant only within a layer whose thickness is much smaller than the total depth. In his article, Benjamin wrote in closed form the one-parameter family of solitary-wave solutions of his model equation whose stability will be the focus of attention presently.
Evaluation of a novel Cu(I) precursor for chemical vapor deposition

D Evaluation of a Novel Cu(I) Precursor for Chemical Vapor Deposition D.-X. Ye, B. Carrow, S. Pimanpang, H. Bakhru, G. A. Ten Eyck, G.-C. Wang, and T.-M. Lu Center for Integrated Electronics and Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA Department of Physics, State Univesity of New York-Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
Effects of x-irradiation on the development of eye pigmentation in the mouse†

C57 Black/10Ch mice received a single dose of 1,000 r head x irradiation at various times during the first 12 days after birth. Irradiation on the day of birth or at four days irterfered with pigment accumulation in the eye between 8 and 16 days; irradiation at eight days, with pigment accumulation between 12 and 16 days. Irradiation at 12 days appeared to have no effect on pigment accumulation. Histological studies indicated that x irradiation either on the day of birth or at eight days interfered with the development of the pars ciliaris retina. Development was more markedly inhibited after irradiation at birth than it was after irradiation at eight days. In addition, irradiation on the day of birth also interfered with pigment granule synthesis in certain epithelial melanocytes in the ciliaryiris region. Since better than half of the cells normally found in the pars ciliaris retina are epithelial melanocytes, interference with development of this region presumably accounts, for the most part, for the reduced pigment accumulation in irradiated eyes. It seems probable that the effect of x irradiation on the developmert of eye pigmentation should be considered as an extension of the radiosensitivity of the developing retina. (auth)
TRKing Down an Old Oncogene in a New Era of Targeted Therapy

The use of high-throughput next-generation sequencing techniques in multiple tumor types during the last few years has identified NTRK1 , 2 , and 3 gene rearrangements encoding novel oncogenic fusions in 19 different tumor types to date. These recent developments have led us to revisit an old oncogene, Trk (originally identified as OncD ), which encodes the TPM3 – NTRK1 gene fusion and was one of the first transforming chromosomal rearrangements identified 32 years ago. However, no drug has yet been approved by the FDA for cancers harboring this oncogene. This review will discuss the biology of the TRK family of receptors, their role in human cancer, the types of oncogenic alterations, and drugs that are currently in development for this family of oncogene targets. Significance: Precision oncology approaches have accelerated recently due to advancements in our ability to detect oncogenic mutations in tumor samples. Oncogenic alterations, most commonly gene fusions, have now been detected for the genes encoding the TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC receptor tyrosine kinases across multiple tumor types. The scientific rationale for the targeting of the TRK oncogene family will be discussed here. Cancer Discov; 5(1); 25–34. ©2014 AACR.
On matrix factorization and scheduling for finite-time average-consensus

We study the problem of communication scheduling for finite-time average-consensus in arbitrary connected networks. Viewing this consensus problem as a factorization of $\M$ by network-admissible families of matrices, we prove the existence of finite factorizations, provide scheduling algorithms for finite-time average consensus, and derive almost tight lower bounds on the size of the minimal factorization.
An empirical method that provides a basis for the organization of relaxation labeling processes for vision

Relaxation labeling is a technique used in computer vision which parallels the operation of human vision. Weisstein et al. have developed an experimental method for investigating higher-level processes while maintaining a close tie to the underlying brain structure. Here we demonstrate that because of the close correspondence between relaxation labeling processes and neural network processes, the experimental results provide a basis for the design of relaxation labeling processes for vision.
Composition of the early Oligocene ocean from coral stable isotope and elemental chemistry

A sectioned and polished specimen of the coral Archohelia vicksburgensis from the early Oligocene Byram Formation ( ∼ 30 Ma) near Vicksburg, Mississippi, reveals 12 prominent annual growth bands. Stable oxygen isotopic compositions of 77 growth-band-parallel microsamples of original aragonite exhibit well-constrained fluctuations that range between − 2.0 and − 4.8‰. Variation in δ 18 O of coral carbonate reflects seasonal variation in temperature ranging from 12 to 24 ° C about a mean of 18 ° C. These values are consistent with those derived from a bivalve and a fish otolith from the same unit, each using independently derived palaeotemperature equations. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were determined for 40 additional samples spanning five of the 12 annual bands. Palaeotemperatures calculated using elemental-ratio thermometers calibrated on modern corals are consistently lower; mean temperature from Mg/Ca ratios are 12.5 ± 1 ° C while those from Sr/Ca are 5.8 ± 2.2 ° C. Assuming that δ 18 O-derived temperatures are correct, relationships between temperature and elemental ratio for corals growing in today’s ocean can be used to estimate Oligocene palaeoseawater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios. Calculations indicate that early Oligocene seawater Mg/Ca was ∼ 81% (4.2 mol mol − 1 ) and Sr/Ca ∼ 109% (9.9 mmol mol − 1 ) of modern values. Oligocene seawater with this degree of Mg depletion and Sr enrichment is in good agreement with that expected during the Palaeogene transition from ‘calcite’ to ‘aragonite’ seas. Lower Oligocene Mg/Ca probably reflects a decrease toward the present day in sea-floor hydrothermal activity and concomitant decrease in scavenging of magnesium from seawater. Elevated Sr/Ca ratio may record lesser amounts of Oligocene aragonite precipitation and a correspondingly lower flux of strontium into the sedimentary carbonate reservoir than today.
Zur Chemie der kondensierten Phosphate und Arsenate. IX. Die Konstitution des GRAHAMschen und KURROLschen Salzes (NaPO3)x

Aus Hydrolyseversuchen mit GRAHAMschem, KURROLschem und MADDRELLschem Salz und mit Meta-arsenatophosphaten in neutraler Losung wird abgeleitet, das alle diese Verbindungen lange unverzweigte Kettenanionen aus PO4-Tetraedern enthalten mussen, die in wasriger Losung wahrscheinlich spiralig aufgewunden oder gefaltet vorliegen.
Property Rights of Ancient DNA: The Impact of Cultural Importance on the Ownership of Genetic Information

This article examines the way property rights can be applied to DNA from ancient sources. In particular, it examines the ways in which the legal classification of a source as a “cultural artifact” can influence the assignment of property rights over genetic information. I explore the discrepancy between the legal ability to own ancient dead bodies but not nonancient dead bodies, illustrating how dead bodies with a perceived cultural value are legally distinct from those which are not considered to have cultural value. Second, I address the way such cultural preservation laws fail to influence ownership rights over genetic information. Finally, I propose a model for the best way to deal with genetic information from ancient sources, based on the policies of the International Ancient Egyptian Mummy Tissue Bank.
Decentralised forest management: towards a utopian realism

The utopian impulse is the human longing to build the best of all possible worlds imaginable through social theories, policy discourses, legal texts, and institutional structures. The utopian impulse is evident in the meta-narratives behind human institutions. In developing countries including Cameroon, the utopian impulse has influenced the transition from fortress conservation to contemporary decentralised forestry paradigm. Decentralised forestry not only wishes to save the forest but calls for an equitable and just forestry sector. Decentralised forestry at its core is a utopian vision for a best of all possible worlds imaginable for forest-dependent people. However, utopia inspires both loyalty and opposition; it enchants and threatens all at once. It is therefore not surprising that contemporary decentralised forestry paradigm, with its lofty rhetoric of social justice as integral to saving the tropical forest, has faced opposition. This article argues that insights from utopian studies would help decentralised forestry advocates to be better prepared to respond to opposition they experience in their work. With commentary by Asiyanbi (2015)
A novel caching scheme for Internet based mobile ad hoc networks

Internet based mobile ad hoc network (IMANET) is an emerging technique that combines a wired network (e.g. Internet) and a mobile ad hoc network (manet) for developing a ubiquitous communication infrastructure. However, imanet has several limitations to fulfill users' demands to access various kinds of information such as limited accessibility to the wired Internet, insufficient wireless bandwidth, and longer message latency. In this paper, we address the issues involved in information search and access in IMANET. A broadcast based simple search (SS) algorithm and an aggregate caching mechanism are proposed for improving the information accessibility and reducing average communication latency in imanet. As part of the aggregate cache, a cache admission control policy and a cache replacement policy, called time and distance sensitive (TDS) replacement, are developed to reduce the cache miss ratio and improve the information accessibility. We evaluate the impact of caching, cache management, and access points, which are connected to the Internet, through extensive simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed aggregate cache can significantly improve an imanet performance in terms of throughput and average number of hops to access data. In particular, with aggregate caching, more than 200% improvement in throughput is achieved compared to the imanet with no cache case, when the access pattern follows a Zipf distribution.
Multiple Hydrogen Bonding for Reversible Polymer Surface Adhesion

Specific and reversible adhesion of a terminal thymine-functionalized polystyrene (PS -thymine) was demonstrated for a silicon surface with complementary adenine recognition sites. A novel adenine-containing triethoxysilane (ADPTES), which was suitable for covalent attachment to silanol containing surfaces, was synthesized in one step from adenine and 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (IPTES). 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy confirmed the chemical structure, and 29 Si NMR spectroscopy indicated the absence of any premature hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane derivative. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurements indicated the attachment of PS-thymine to silicon surfaces that were modified with a mixture of ADPTES and 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (MPTES). PS-thymine attachment to surfaces that were modified with only MPTES was not observed. The exclusive attachment of PS-thymine to an ADPTES/MPTES-modified surface confirmed hydrogen bonding-mediated adenine-thymine association to silicon surfaces containing a sufficiently low concentration of adenine recognition sites. Although PS -thymine attachment to the ADPTES/MPTES-modified surfaces was insensitive to THF rinsing, the PS-thymine was completely removed from the surface upon DMSO rinsing because of the disruption of adenine-thymine hydrogen bonding with a more polar aprotic solvent. PS-thymine was successfully reattached to the ADPTES/MPTES-modified surface following the DMSO rinse, demonstrating the solvato-reversible nature of the adenine-thymine association.
Parallelization of Similarity Search in Large Time Series Databases

In this paper, an efficient parallel algorithm to search large time series databases is proposed. There are existing parallel algorithms for performing such tasks, which generally utilize multidimensional tree structures and thus are subjected to the performance of multidimensional trees. On the other hand, there have been a number of serial algorithms proposed in the past decade. Most of them use certain transformation techniques to reduce the dimensionality and then build an index to facilitate the search process. This again results in performance degradation. This work develops a parallel algorithm to process range query and k-nearest neighbor query in parallel time series databases, assuming a shared nothing multi-processor architecture. Both analytical and experimental results show that the new approach has near linear scaleup and linear speedup with little more effort than non-index based sequential scan and thus another alternative to index based approach
Measurement and analysis of the spectrum of neutral arsenic

The atomic-emission spectrum of neutral arsenic has been remeasured from 1644 A to 1.2 μm and extended to 3.6 μm. The light source was a microwave-excited electrodeless discharge tube. Instrumentation used included two Fourier spectrometers and a number of concave grating spectrographs. The number of emission lines was increased from the published 333 lines to 1478, 1295 of which are classified as transitions between 95 odd-parity levels and 96 even-parity levels. Of these 191 levels, 104 were the result of this experimental endeavor. Of the previously known 87, 13 were newly classified and 15 reclassified as a result of our analysis. At present, 175 of the 191 levels are classified. The classifications of these levels were accomplished with the help of ab initio calculations and least-squares fitting methods. Designations are given in both LS and JK representation when possible along with calculated compositions in both representations of the levels consisting of less than 75% of a dominant eigenvector component.
The thickness of the lithosphere from the dispersion of surface waves

Summary. The inversion of regional Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion data in the period range 30–200 or 250 s leads to an inference that high S-wave velocities in the mantle are to be found to depths of the order of 300 km or greater under the ancient Precambrian shields of the world. Under the other parts of the world, a low S-wave velocity channel is found at depths up to 100 km below the surface. The depth to the onset of the low-velocity channel is consistent with the onset of partial melting of a mantle of peridotitic composition. Under the shields there is no evidence for partial melting to depths of the order of 300km. No statement can be made from these data about the presence or absence of a low-velocity channel in subduction zones. If the lithosphere is defined to be that region of the mantle that moves with the same velocity of flow as the surface above it, then the Pacific and Nazca plates have uniform thicknesses of only 100 km. For all the other major plates of the world, two models can be proposed that cannot be resolved with the present data. In the first model, all the other major plates, including their oceanic parts, have uniform thicknesses of at least 300 km and may have thicknesses as great as 700 km. In the second model, all the other major plates have deep roots under the ancient Precambrian shields, and an eddy of flow around these roots begins at a depth of about 100 km.
Final results from phase II trial of neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine given sequentially or concurrently for HER2-negative breast cancers

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is widely used to downstage breast cancers before surgery. The addition of capecitabine to chemotherapy may improve the pathologic complete response rate (pCR), a robust predictor of outcome for certain breast cancer subtypes. This phase II neoadjuvant trial incorporated capecitabine either in combination with or sequentially after treatment with docetaxel. Background: The combination of docetaxel and capecitabine has been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer compared with docetaxel alone. We hypothesized that the combination of docetaxel and capecitabine, given concomitantly or sequentially, would present a nonanthracycline-based treatment option for patients with early stage and locally advanced breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with stage I to stage IIIC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2) breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive either docetaxel followed by capecitabine (D i C) or docetaxel administered concomitantly with capecitabine (DC). Results: Between April 2007 and July 2009, 51 patients were accrued to the trial at an academic center, a county hospital, and community sites. Median tumor size was 3.8 cm and 70% of patients had axillary lymph node involvement. Fifty-seven percent of patients accrued were African American. Twenty-one of the 51 subjects had triple-negative breast cancer. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 8% in the D i C arm; 12% in the DC arm. The pCR rate among patients with triple-negative breast cancer was 19%. Conclusion: The combination of docetaxel and capecitabine has modest activity in the neoadjuvant setting. These results are consistent with other trials using this combination in the neoadjuvant setting.
Recognition of Orthographic Structure during Beginning Reading

The development of knowledge of orthographic structure among beginning readers was examined by testing their ability to discern which word in a pair looked most like a word. One hundred forty-five children in preschool, kindergarten, first and second grades were given three tasks measuring knowledge of orthographic structure and tests of letter, numeral and word recognition on two occa- sions six months apart. One orthographic task assessed the knowledge that words did not contain numbers; another assessed knowledge that certain consonant clusters do not occur in English. Results showed that word-recognition ability, rather than grade level, correlated highly (.80) with orthographic knowledge. Letter recognition cor- related (.66) with knowledge that words do not contain numbers. The results of a discriminant-function analysis indicated an early second-grade level of word recogni- tion predicted above-chance performance on the third orthographic task. The results were discussed in relation to an interactive-compensatory model of reading.
Contextually evoked object-specific responses in human visual cortex.

Human visual recognition processes are remarkably robust and can function effectively even under highly degraded viewing conditions. Contextual information may play a critical role in such circumstances. Here, we provide neurophysiological evidence that contextual cues can elicit object-specific neural responses, which have hitherto been believed to be based on intrinsic cues alone. Specifically, we find that the “fusiform face area” (FFA) maintains its selectivity for faces without regard to whether the faces are defined intrinsically or contextually. This finding further elucidates the role of the FFA and reveals neural correlates of contextual processing in the service of robust object recognition.
k-Information Gain Scaled Nearest Neighbors: A Novel Approach to Classifying Protein-Protein Interaction-Related Documents

Although publicly accessible databases containing protein-protein interaction (PPI)-related information are important resources to bench and in silico research scientists alike, the amount of time and effort required to keep them up to date is often burdonsome. In an effort to help identify relevant PPI publications, text-mining tools, from the machine learning discipline, can be applied to help in this process. Here, we describe and evaluate two document classification algorithms that we submitted to the BioCreative II.5 PPI Classification Challenge Task. This task asked participants to design classifiers for identifying documents containing PPI-related information in the primary literature, and evaluated them against one another. One of our systems was the overall best-performing system submitted to the challenge task. It utilizes a novel approach to k-nearest neighbor classification, which we describe here, and compare its performance to those of two support vector machine-based classification systems, one of which was also evaluated in the challenge task.
Professionals and "Entrepreneurs": Staff Orientations and Policy Making on Three Senate Committees

It has been the contention of many political scientists studying Congress, and often of reformers within Congress itself, that increases in staff expertise and a general upgrading of information resources are necessary if Congress is to retain or regain its lawmaking capacities and to escape complete dominance by the executive.' At the same time, it is often stressed that staff appointments based on patronage and political considerations are ill-suited to modern needs. What is preferable, according to this view, is a competent, "professional" staff for each committee-a staff well versed in the subject matter at hand, accessible to, and capable of, augmenting the capacity of each member to make rational policy choices. A recent article by Nelson Polsby, while stressing the political and interest-oriented character of policy analysis as it takes place in Congress, nonetheless shares this general perspective:
Eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Nasopharyngeal Flora of Children with Acute Otitis Media after Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Therapy

Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 60 children with acute otitis media before and after treatment with either 45 or 90 mg of amoxicillin (given as amoxicillin-clavulanate) per kg of body weight per day for 10 days. The number of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the 45-mg/kg group was reduced from 12 to 6 and was reduced from 14 to 1 (P = 0.0261) in the 90-mg/kg group.
Few or more attributes: Deleting criteria using sensitivity analysis

Research has shown that as the attractiveness of alternatives rises with more choices, individuals experience conflict between the alternatives, which causes them to defer their decision, search for new alternatives, or choose the default option. Having lesser attributes simplifies complex problems and the decision making process. This paper uses the sensitivity analysis in hierarchical decision model, developed by Hongyi Chen, to prove that we can reduce the size of a problem and make the decision easier with the future change of values of attributes, without affecting the final decision.
Two-stage air-source heat pump for residential heating and cooling applications in northern U.S. climates

Abstract Air-source heat pumps for residential heating are more widely used than geothermal heat pumps mainly due to their lower installation costs. Major disadvantages of air-source heat pumps are the decrease of heat output and coefficient of performance (COP), and increase in discharge temperature, towards low outdoor temperatures. In this paper an air-source two-stage heat pump using R410A as the refrigerant was simulated, designed, constructed, and tested at ambient temperatures as low as −30 °C and supply temperatures of up to 50 °C in air and water heating mode. In addition, the system is able to provide sufficient air conditioning in cooling mode (approximately 50–60% of the design heat transfer rate in heating mode). A short summary of an extended literature review is shown as well as a theoretical screening study of the three most promising cycles. Furthermore, the design and test results of a breadboard system and a comparison with commercially available heat pumps are presented. Second law efficiencies of up to 45% could be achieved, resulting in a coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.1 at −30 °C ambient temperature.
Probabilistic principal component analysis applied to voice conversion

In our model for voice conversion, we represent the joint probabilistic acoustic space of the source and target speakers with a mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers (PPCAs). We present a finer resolution of options to the user of the voice conversion system than traditional Gaussian mixture model based conversion. Objective experiments demonstrate that the dimension of the PPCA directly impacts resulting objective performance but saves both time and memory complexity. Subjective tests imply that incremental removal of information does not affect the listener perceptually. Thus, the end user can select with more freedom how well the system should perform.
Mucinous tumors of the exocrine pancreas.

Background: Mucin-producing cystic neoplasms of the pancreas account for 1% of all malignant tumors of the pancreas. They include mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) and mucinous ductal ectasia (MDE), also known as intraductal mucin-hypersecreting neoplasms. Methods: This review focuses on the clinical presentation, the role of diagnostic imaging modalities, and cyst fluid analysis preoperatively in the differentiation between these tumors and other nonneoplastic cysts of the pancreas. Results: MCNs and MDE evolve from pancreatic duct epithelium, produce an abundance of mucin, and are considered premalignant or malignant. While MCNs affect primarily middle-aged women with lesions occurring predominantly in the body and tail of the pancreas, MDE affects primarily men in the sixth or seventh decade with lesions more often located in the head of the pancreas. Conclusions: All mucin-producing cystic tumors of both types require surgical resection because they are frankly malignant or premalignant. Survival rates of both tumors are better than those reported for ductal cell carcinomas. Future studies are needed to improve the accuracy of diagnosing these tumors preoperatively.
In Situ Measurement and Prediction of Stresses and Strains During Casting of Steel

Modeling the thermo-mechanical behavior of steel during casting is of great importance for the prediction of distortions and cracks. In this study, an elasto–visco–plastic constitutive law is calibrated with mechanical measurements from casting experiments. A steel bar is solidified in a sand mold and strained by applying a force to bolts that are embedded in the two ends of the bar. The temporal evolutions of the restraint force and the bar’s length change are measured in situ. The experiments are simulated by inputting calculated transient temperature fields into a finite element stress analysis that employs the measured forces as boundary conditions. The thermal strain predictions are validated using data from experiments without a restraint. Initial estimates of the constitutive model parameters are obtained from available mechanical test data involving reheated steel specimens. The temperature dependence of the strain rate sensitivity exponent is then adjusted until the measured and predicted length changes of the strained bars agree. The resulting calibrated mechanical property dataset is valid for the high-temperature austenite phase of steel. The data reveal a significantly different mechanical behavior during casting compared to what the stress–strain data from reheated specimens show.
Summer camp as context for girls’ and women’s same-sex attractions and relationships

AbstractThis article focuses on the leisure activity of summer camp as a context that nurtured the development of 23 female camp participants’ romantic or sexual attractions toward and relationships with other females. Results of analysis of oral surveys with participants indicated that five aspects of the camps nurtured the development of these participants’ attractions toward and relationships with other females: (a) enabling significant time spent with others, (b) generating emotional intensity, (c) occurring during key developmental periods while embedded in a youthful context, (d) including climates with low levels of homophobia and heteronormativity, and (e) including climates that challenged gender expectations. Findings from this exploratory project add to the literature on aspects of youth leisure contexts (specifically camp), extend the concept of social development in leisure research to romantic development, and broaden the literature on couple formation in leisure contexts. Implications for r...
Search for Σc → Λcπ using Λc → Σsππ in 250 GeV π--nucleon interactions

Combined cross section times branching fraction limits are given for {Sigma}{sub c}{sup +}{sup +} {r_arrow} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +} and {Sigma}{sub c}{sup 0} {r_arrow} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}} where {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {r_arrow} {Sigma}{sub s}{sup {plus_minus}}{pi}{sup {plus_minus}}{pi}{sup +}. The {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} is reconstructed with partial information on the {Sigma}{sub s}; the missing {Sigma}{sub s} momentum is established through momentum conservation imposed by a constrained fit. The data are of {pi}{sup {minus}} beam interactions at 250 GeV from Fermilab experiment E769.
Was Electricity a General Purpose Technology

This paper uses historical patent citation data to test whether electricity, as the canonical example of a General Purpose Technology (GPT), matches the current citations-based criteria of GPTs. We use a sample of 1,867 American patents assigned to publicly traded companies in the 1920s and 3,400 forward citations to these patents to check which of four industry categories - electricity, chemicals, mechanical and other - most closely matches the key elements of GPTs. Our results suggest that electricity patents were broader in scope than other categories of patents at their grant date, and that they were more "original" than their counterparts. However, we also show that electricity patents had lower generality scores, fewer citations per patent (a measure of technological importance), and shorter citation lags (i.e., faster rates of knowledge depreciation). We argue that technological change, even in the 1920's, was much broader than has previously been considered.
Does FDI facilitate entrepreneurship in African countries with good business start-up regulations?

This paper investigates whether foreign direct investment (FDI) crowds-in entrepreneurship in a sample of 26 African countries. Results obtained using longitudinal data analysis indicate that the existing regulatory environment for business start-ups plays a significant role in facilitating the crowding-in effect of FDI. More specifically, the results show that FDI significantly crowds-in entrepreneurial activity of new domestic firms when business start-up regulations are lower. This implies that excessive startup regulations are inefficient, and thus dissuade new firm creation by increasing the costs of doing business and impeding the crowding-in effect from FDI. The policy conclusions are quite clear: reforms to establish the level of regulation that is most beneficial for the successful entry of new local firms play a critical role in enhancing the complementarity between foreign and domestic enterprises. These reforms will not only increase the entry of new domestic firms, but will also generate positive externalities from FDI which arise from transmission of new ideas, entrepreneurial skills, and other knowledge transfers and lead to higher productivity and growth.
General Classification of Organometallic Reactions

This chapter presents an overview of the fundamental reaction types pertaining to inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Substitution reactions, oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions, insertion and elimination reactions, and reactions on coordinated ligands are covered in detail.
Intertextuality and Dialogic Interaction in Students’ Online Text Construction:

This study examines the online writing practices of adolescent emergent bilinguals through the mediating lenses of dialogic interaction and intertextuality. Using a multimodal discourse analysis approach, the study traces how three students develop online academic texts through intertextual moves that traverse modal boundaries. The analysis reveals how cross-modal, dialogic interactions allow emergent bilingual students to pool linguistic resources, background knowledge, and writing expertise. Such collaborative interactions ultimately serve to support their academic writing. Findings suggest the importance of developing research methodologies and literacy pedagogies that bridge boundaries across social actors, spaces, modes, and languages.
Remembering Mountain Meadows: Collective Violence and the Manipulation of Social Boundaries

The concept of social memory has generated a large literature, much of which focuses on the trauma of collective violence. Yet we need to know more about how narratives of violent and traumatic events influence social loyalties and how such narratives are managed or manipulated. Here we focus on the 1857 Mountain Meadows massacre, in which some 120 Arkansas emigrants were murdered in southwestern Utah. Our aim is not to establish "what really happened" at Mountain Meadows, but to examine the memory politics of the case--the many stories of the massacre, the ways they have been told, and their use as reference points in drawing or redrawing social boundaries. Our analysis highlights the activities of schoolteachers and other rural intellectuals in shaping the trauma process. This process, we argue, is based on an expanding sense of victimization as communicated in narratives of social violence and suffering.
Persistent Photoconductivity in a High Mobility two Dimensional Electron Gas in an AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure

Temperature-variable Hall and Shubnikov- de Haas effects have been used to study persistent photoconductivity in an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. At liquid helium temperatures, the mobility in this structure was close to 55000 cm2/Vs. A blue GaN-based light emitting diode was used to illuminate the sample. This illumination resulted in a persistent photocurrent, which allowed us to vary the carrier density and study the dependence of the mobility on the carrier concentration. Exposing the sample to this light resulted in an increase in the carrier density. For small increases in the density, the mobility also increased. However, unlike in previous reports by other authors, extended illumination resulted in an increase in the density and a decrease in the mobility. The initial increase in the mobility is attributed to increased screening due to the increase in the carrier density, while the decrease in the mobility may be attributed to alloy scattering.
Study of the susceptibility of drugs against pseudomonas aeruginosa during 2006 to 2010 in one hospital

Objective To investigate the detection of resistance to pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) and the drug sensitivity dynamic changes of commonly used antibacterial drugs in order to provide the basis for the rational reference of clinical antibiotics.Methods P.aeruginosa were isolated from clinical specimens with the disc diffusion method(K-B) to have drug susceptibility test in vitro in clinical microbiology laboratory of Jiangxi People's Hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec.2010.The data of the test were analyzed by the retrospective investigation method.Results The results of the susceptibility test indicated that the total sensitivity ratios of imipenem,cefepime,ceftazidime,piperacillin,ciprofloxacin against P.aeruginosa were all above 60%.Those of cefoperazone sodium/shu TAZ,amikacin,piperacillin/tazobactam were all above 70%.The total sensitivity ratios of cefoperazone sodium/shu TAZ,piperacillin/tazobactam had a rising trend and that of imipenem,ceftazidime,levofloxacin a downward trend.Conclution Though ceftazidime,cefoperazone sodium/shu TAZ,imipenem having a high susceptibility to P.aeruginosa,respectivity,the sensitivity ratios of these drugs have take on slowly decrease year by year.The compound preparation of anti-pseudomonas drugs contained β-lactam have more antibacterial activity than the β-lactam drug.We should pay close attention to monitoring the drugs-resistant P.aeruginosa in the clinical treatment and making reasonable use of antibiotics in order to prevent drug sensitivity,which can reduce the clinical curative effect.
Model and analysis of LEACH protocol based on Petri net

Petri net is an effective mathematical tool for formally analyzing and verifying protocols.On the basis of the analysis of Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH) protocol,a Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets(GSPN) model of performance for LEACH protocol was proposed.With the help of SPNP tools for analyzing the performance model of protocol,the validity of the model was verified.Finally,the significance of the performance model to the protocol's low-energy improvement was discussed.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling is Activated by Low-Level Lysosome Disruption but Inhibited by Extensive Lysosome Disruption: Roles for K+ Efflux and Ca2+ Influx

Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic protein that nucleates assembly of inflammasome signaling platforms, which facilit...
Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

Brain metastasis represents a substantial source of morbidity and mortality in various cancers, and is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy. Here we define the role of the most abundant cell type in the brain, the astrocyte, in promoting brain metastasis. We show that human and mouse breast and lung cancer cells express protocadherin 7 (PCDH7), which promotes the assembly of carcinoma-astrocyte gap junctions composed of connexin 43 (Cx43). Once engaged with the astrocyte gap-junctional network, brain metastatic cancer cells use these channels to transfer the second messenger cGAMP to astrocytes, activating the STING pathway and production of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-α (IFNα) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). As paracrine signals, these factors activate the STAT1 and NF-κB pathways in brain metastatic cells, thereby supporting tumour growth and chemoresistance. The orally bioavailable modulators of gap junctions meclofenamate and tonabersat break this paracrine loop, and we provide proof-of-principle that these drugs could be used to treat established brain metastasis.
Soy Protein Processing and Utilization

Publisher Summary The term, “soy proteins” refers to processed, edible dry soybean products other than animal feed meals. Many types are produced for use in human and pet foods, and milk replacers and starter feeds for young animals. Most soy proteins are sold in bulk as ingredients for commercial meat processing, baking, and for remanufacture into grocery store, fast food shop, institutional, and restaurant convenience foods. This chapter discusses the preparation of soy proteins from the simpler to the more complex processes. A crude soy flour was sold in the United States primarily as health flour. Flours were initially made from whole soybeans, from hydraulic press or expeller cakes, and later from solvent-defatted soybean meals. The strong beany flavor limited market growth of soy flours and considerable research effort was put into developing “debittering” processes to remove the objectionable compounds. In processing all soy proteins, it is essential to start with thoroughly cleaned, sound, mature, yellow soybeans sorted to uniform size.
Pretreatment Seizure Frequency, Control & Remission

The effect of the number of seizures before antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment on the ease of seizure control and remission was studied in a population-based regional cohort of 479 children with epilepsy at the IWK Children’s Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Design, Identification, and Sensitivity Analysis for Patient Preference Trials

Social and medical scientists are often concerned that the external validity of experimental results may be compromised because of heterogeneous treatment effects. If a treatment has different effe...
Sex at Atomic Resolution

Interspecies fertilization is rare, partly due to species separation enforced at the molecular level. In this issue, Raj et al. now reveal the crystal structures of mollusk egg coat protein, VERL, complexed with cognate sperm protein lysin. Given that VERL is structurally similar to mammalian ZP2, the mechanism elucidating species-specific gamete recognition likely exists in mammals.
Neonatal EEG and Neonatal Seizures

Neonatal EEG assists in studying the functional integrity of immature neonatal cortex and its connections. The exact generators are unknown for these activities. Neonatal EEG helps to assess the prognosis for the neonates who are at risk for neurological sequelae following a CNS insult.