cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atypical nucleoli in Luzula campestris

In unfixed tissues of the nucleolar wall of L. campestris, the nucleoli are occasionally bipartite or U-shaped, When bipartite, their appearance may be similar to that of heterochromatic elements visible in smear preparations.When treated with acetic acid, the atypical nucleoli react similarly to normal nucleoli and unlike the chromosomal substance. The atypical nucleoli are usually not stained by the custamary aceto-carmine technique but can be stained intensely following Rattenbury's formol modification.Atypical nucleoli are much more frequent in nuclei with two nucleoli than would be expected if their occurrence were not related to the binucleolate condition. The idea is offered that the atypical nucleoli are formed in part by a failure of the usual fusions of material collected by the organizers.A further observation of vacuoles in unfixed nucleoli is noted.
Alleviation of mortality induced by salicylate and stress

Protection from the deleterious effects of the interaction of environmental stress and salicylate by calcium supplement was investigated in 96 pigmented rats. Within a 2×2×4 factorial design, rats were assigned to groups defined by:A) ad lib access to 1) plain tap water, or 2) 50 mM calcium chloride solution;B) exposure to stressors consisting of daily 10 h periods of 1) 98 dB SPL noise, or 2) confinement precluding movements;C) daily injections of 233, 350, or 410 mg/kg of sodium salicylate or the saline vehicle. For subjects maintained on tap water, weight loss and mortality increased with salicylate levels, with all subjects dying in the group drinking water and injected with 410 mg/kg. Calcium protected all of the subjects in the noise stress group but not in the confined group.
Culture on Tour: Ethnographies of Travel

Culture on Tour: Ethnographies of Travel. Edward M. Bruner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 308 pp.
A review of convective heat transfer with nanofluids for electronics packaging

Nanofluids are conventional heat transfer liquids, such as water or glycol mixtures, which contain a small volume fraction of suspended nanoparticles in a colloidal solution. Numerous experiments on the static thermal conductivity of these fluids have revealed a greater-than-expected effective thermal conductivity, and thus there is great interest in utilizing nanofluids for heat transfer applications. For electronic packaging, their thermal performance under convective heat transfer conditions is of greatest interest. Therefore, we report here a critical review of the limited existing data on convective heat transfer with nanofluids. The results indicate higher Nusselt numbers than those predicted from analytical expressions at low Reynolds numbers, or by the Dittus-Boelter correlation at higher Reynolds numbers. Based on these findings, the applicability of convective heat sinks containing nanofluids are promising for electronics packaging applications.
PACS-1 Defines a Novel Gene Family of Cytosolic Sorting Proteins Required for trans-Golgi Network Localization

We report the role of one member of a novel gene family, PACS-1, in the localization of trans-Golgi network (TGN) membrane proteins. PACS-1 directs the TGN localization of furin by binding to the protease's phosphorylated cytosolic domain. Antisense studies show TGN localization of furin and mannose-6-phosphate receptor, but not TGN46, is strictly dependent on PACS-1. Analyses in vitro and in vivo show PACS-1 has properties of a coat protein and connects furin to components of the clathrin-sorting machinery. Cell-free assays indicate TGN localization of furin is directed by a PACS-1-mediated retrieval step. Together, these findings explain a mechanism by which membrane proteins in mammalian cells are localized to the TGN.
ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: How Analytics Practitioners Can Learn from Published Patents and Protect Their Work

This paper examines the high and growing rate at which the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted analytics patents from 2002 to 2013. We summarize examples of analytics patents and provide advice to analytics professionals on searching and reading patents and protecting their work.
Lands Athwart the Nile

O VER a period of many months, both before and since the abdication of King Farouk, responsible heads of government in Egypt have been voicing a claim to the entire Nile Basin, although practical measures to convert the claim into control have been pointed chiefly toward that part of the Basin included in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.' It is the fashion nowadays, especially in the United States, to assume that river basins are coherent, nature-given units of the earth's surface, without questioning their fitness for unified political administration or sovereignty. According to that fashion, even the extreme Egyptian claim seems cogent. The Nile Basin is a drainage unit and clearly appears so on the map (FIG. 1). A closer inspection discloses striking varieties of climate, terrain, and vegetation within the Basin that deserve consideration along with the unity of drainage (FIGS. 2, 3). Moreover, the inhabitants are as diverse as their different natural settings-in origin, way of life, viewpoint, and contact with the outside world. The political events upon which the Egyptian claim largely rests took place both inside and outside the Nile Basin, and were shaped by the diversity of places and peoples involved. The validity and practicality of the claims now being put forward depend on the forces that favor or resist their realization. Those forces are exerted in a multi-regional mold of commingled nature and culture. An understanding of the regional grouping sets the stage for the current and forthcoming play of events in the Nile lands.
Emergency department waiting room: many requests, many insured and many primary care physician referrals

Increase in waiting time often results in patients leaving the emergency department (ED) without being seen, ultimately decreasing patient satisfaction. We surveyed low-acuity patients in the ED waiting room to understand their preferences and expectations. An IRB approved, 42-item survey was administered to 400 adult patients waiting in the ED waiting room for >15 min from April to August 2010. Demographics, visit reasons, triage and waiting room facility preferences were collected. The mean age of patients was 38.9 years (SD = 14.8), and 52.5% were females. About 53.8% of patients were employed, 79.4% had access to a primary care physician (PCP), and 17% did not have any medical insurance. The most common complaint was pain. A total of 44.4% respondents reported that they believed their problems were urgent and required immediate attention, prompting them to come to the ED, while 14.6% reported that they could not get a timely PCP appointment, and 42.9% were actually referred by their PCP to come to the ED. About 57.7% of patients considered leaving the ED if the waiting times were too long. The mean acceptable waiting time before leaving ED was 221 min (SD = 194; median 180 min, IQR 120–270). A total of 39.1% survey respondents reported being most comfortable being triaged by a physician. Respondents were least comfortable being triaged by residents. On analyzing waiting room expectations for the survey respondents, we found that 70% of the subjects wanted a better estimate of waiting time and 43.5% wanted better information on reasons for the long wait. Contrary to popular belief, at our ED a large proportion of low-acuity patients has a PCP and is medically insured. Providing patients with appropriate reasons for the wait, an accurate estimate of waiting time and creating separate areas to examine minor illness/injuries would increase patient satisfaction within our population subset.
A UUT-centric test specification simplifies digital functional test development

Open-architecture test systems were supposed to simplify test program set (TPS) development while using the latest instrumentation. The promise was that choosing best-in-class tools to integrate instrument-specific drivers would create efficiency in the TPS development process. Unfortunately, TPS development is as complex as ever. In most cases, the cost for the TPS development is much higher than the test instrument itself. This paper postulates a reason why: while test requirements are specified with a UUT (unit under test)-centric view, the available instrument drivers and tools force test developers to take an instrument-oriented view during test development. A UUT-centric TPS describes tests in terms of the behavior of the I/O, while an instrument-oriented TPS describes tests in terms of instrument setup (such as when using an instrument-specific driver). This paper describes a UUT-centric digital test development approach using the iStudio Digital Test Editor associated with Teradyne's new generation of digital test instruments. This integrated graphical toolset combines test development, debugging, and code-generation capabilities under one environment, and works in conjunction with the user's existing applications development environment. Instead of the traditional instrument orientation, the toolset enables the test developer to specify tests in terms of user test data; e.g. DC characteristics for UUT signals, bus cycle definitions, and vector-based timing data. The ability to generate readable, properly-constructed source code and the UUT-centric interface make the toolset a major training tool for test engineers. More importantly, even when the tool generates source code, developers can still use the same UUT-centric environment to debug the tests that they used to develop them
Multiple Measures of Website Effectiveness and their Association with Service Quality in Health and Human Service Agencies

Although many different measures of Web site effectiveness have been developed, few studies have rigorously compared and contrasted the measures. Based on the organizational effectiveness literature, this paper first develops a framework for categorizing different e-government measures and compares three different quantitative measures of effectiveness of Web sites in state health and human services agencies - one used by researchers and two attributable to managers. The paper then develops a model to analyze (1) the organizational and environmental factors that determine Web site effectiveness and (2) how Web site effectiveness contributes to overall service quality of the agency. Low correlations among the three Web site measures indicate that effectiveness is a multidimensional concept: effectiveness depends upon the referent and the analyst's perspective. Similarly, model results show that different effectiveness measures are determined by categorically different sets of independent variables. Moreover, results show that in some cases Web site effectiveness is negatively associated with service quality
Fusion Technologies for Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE)

The Laser Inertial Fusion-based Energy (LIFE) engine design builds upon on going progress at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and offers a near-term pathway to commercial fusion. Fusion technologies that are critical to success are reflected in the design of the first wall, blanket and tritium separation subsystems. The present work describes the LIFE engine-related components and technologies. LIFE utilizes a thermally robust indirect-drive target and a chamber fill gas. Coolant selection and a large chamber solid-angle coverage provide ample tritium breeding margin and high blanket gain. Target material selection eliminates the need for aggressive chamber clearing, while enabling recycling. Demonstrated tritium separation and storage technologies limit the site tritium inventory to attractive levels. These key technologies, along with the maintenance and advanced materials qualification program have been integrated into the LIFE delivery plan. This describes the development of components and subsystems, through prototyping and integration into a First Of A Kind power plant.
An Importance Sampling Based Approach for Reliability Analysis

In this paper, an importance sampling based approach for reliability analysis is proposed. The fundamental of this approach is to bias the realization of random variables around the most probable point (MPP) such that the number of simulations can be reduced significantly. Compared to the basic Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), the proposed approach requires less computational effort since it only evaluates the system performance functions at the reduced probability space. Two comparison experiments are conducted at the end of the paper. One is used to demonstrate the proposed method improves the efficiency comparing with basic MCS without losing accuracy. The second one is used to illustrate the proposed method generates more accurate results than that of FORM (first order reliability method).
Hidden in plain sight: the ecology and physiology of organismal transparency.

Despite the prevalence and importance of transparency in organisms, particularly pelagic species, it is a poorly understood characteristic. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the distribution, ecology, and physical basis of biological transparency. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of transparent species relative to their optical environment, the relationship between transparency and visual predation, the physics of transparency, and what is known about the anatomical and ultrastructural modifications required to achieve this condition. Transparency is shown to be primarily a pelagic trait, uncommon in other aquatic habitats and extremely rare on land. Experimental and theoretical studies in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems have shown that transparency is a successful form of camouflage, and that several visual adaptations seem to counter it. The physical basis of transparency is still poorly understood, but anatomical observations and mathematical models s...
Cultural and Biochemical Characterization of Actinobacillus and Actinobacillus-Like Species from Ram Lambs with Epididymitis

Cellular, colonial, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of 25 field strains of gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli from rams with epididymitis were compared with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 29522 and Actinobacillus seminis ATCC strain 15768. Three field strains were identified as A. actinomycetemcomitans, 15 as A. seminis, and 2 as Haemophilus agni; however, 5 strains (3 in group A and 2 in group B) were not identified as species in the genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, or Pasteurella based on the taxonomic criteria in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The 5 Actinobacillus-like organisms in groups A and B were predominantly gram-negative coccobacilli and exhibited less pleomorphism than the 2 Actinobacillus species. The colonial morphologies of groups A and B were similar to the 2 Actinobacillus species but were smaller in diameter and had a pale yellow color. Groups A and B, like the actinobacilli, were facultative anaerobic and capnophilic, did not grow on MacConkey agar, and were catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Group A reduced nitrate but group B did not. The A. seminis strains utilized ornithine, and group A utilized arginine; but group B did not utilize either ornithine or arginine. All strains failed to utilize lysine or tryptophane. All strains produced acid but no gas from glucose, and the utilization of other carbohydrates varied markedly both between and within the 5 groups of bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sandor Ferenczi: A Life Lived Dyadically

The life and theory of Sandor Ferenczi provide insight into both the historic admonition and the dangers of loving feelings in the therapeutic relationship. Ferenczi believed in the creation of mutuality in all analytic dyads. His refusal to subscribe to a hierarchical structuring of the treatment relationship led to his subsequent marginalization from the traditional psychoanalytic canon for nearly a century. On close inspection, however, he was a formative figure who laid much of the groundwork for current thinking about the intersubjective and relational approaches to treatment. Much of his life and theory can be understood through the lens of his relationship with Sigmund Freud. That relationship is closely scrutinized in the following historical examination.
Convexity in queues with general inputs

In this correspondence, we develop fundamental convexity properties of unfinished work and packet waiting time in a queue serving general stochastic traffic. The queue input consists of an uncontrollable background process and a rate-controllable input stream. We show that any moment of unfinished work is a convex function of the controllable input rate. The convexity properties are then extended to address the problem of optimally routing arbitrary input streams over a collection of K queues in parallel with different (possibly time-varying) server rates (/spl mu//sub 1/(t),...,/spl mu//sub K/(t)). Our convexity results hold for stream-based routing (where individual packet streams must be routed to the same queue) as well as for packet-based routing where each packet is routed to a queue by probabilistic splitting. Our analysis uses a novel technique that combines sample path observations with stochastic equivalence relationships.
Synergistic Activity of Hydrophilic Modification in Antibiotic Polymers

Quaternized poly(vinylpyridine) is known to kill up to 99% of drug-resistant gram-positive and -negative bacteria but shows minimal biocompatibility. We report enhanced bactericidal activity of vinylpyridine through copolymerization with hydroxyethyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene gycol) methyl ether methacrylate. Copolymers with increasing comonomer content were synthesized by radical polymerization and quaternized with hexylbromide. We assessed the effects of the changes in polymer composition on the bactericidal activity of the surface activity using a bioluminescent pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (O157:H7). By recording the photoluminescence emitted by these bacteria in contact with the copolymers, it was shown that several of the copolymers possess better antibacterial efficiency than quaternized poly(vinylpyridine). Results indicate that several of the copolymers synthesized possess antibacterial activity approximately 20 times greater than the pure quaternized poly(vinylpyridine) homopolymer, while only containing 1 wt % hexylated pyridinium. This behavior is explained by the increased surface wettability of the copolymers containing lesser amounts of poly(vinylpyridine), as bactericidal behavior correlates to the hydrophilicity of the system as measured by contact angles. A hydrophilicity based design-paradigm can significantly improve both the efficacy and the biocompatibility of antibacterial materials.
In vitro measurement and screening of monoclonal antibody affinity using fluoroscence photobleaching

Antibody screening is a routine in vitro assay in monoclonal antibody development and production. We have recently adapted the fluorescence photobleaching method to quantify antibody mass transport and binding parameters in bulk solution (Kaufman and Jain, 1990, 1991). The present study uses this in vitro method to screen a series of monoclonal antibodies (IgG) developed against the rabbit VX2 carcinoma tumor line. These experiments indicate that the three antibodies recognize distinct epitopes on the tumor, with equilibrium binding constants of 1.3 +/- 0.5, 5.1 +/- 3.6 and 2.0 +/- 1.1 x 10(7) M-1 for the antibodies RVC-184, RVC-626 and RVC-779, respectively. The antibody diffusion coefficient revealed no dependent upon protein concentration or antigen bead volume fraction within the ranges investigated. It was demonstrated experimentally that the interactions conformed to a reaction limited binding model of fluorescence recovery, that the system was at equilibrium, and that non-specific binding due to the fluorescein probe was not significant. Once the non-reactive fraction of antibody is determined, this photobleaching technique does not require perturbation or physical separation of the unbound species. As such, it has many potential applications including in vivo investigation of binding parameters.
Continuous signature monitoring: efficient concurrent-detection of processor control errors

Concurrent detection of processor control errors using signatured programs is discussed. The approach, called continuous signature monitoring (CSM), makes significant advances beyond the existing signature-monitoring techniques. For typical programs, CSM decreased average error-detection latency by as much as eight times, down to 1.2 to 1.6 program memory cycles. Memory overhead for storing signatures reaches a theoretical minimum, lowered as much as four times, dozen to 3-7%. The CSM monitor is less complex by more than half, and processor-performance loss is reduced as much as 10 times down to 0.6-1.5%. CSM increases coverage of control-flow errors and detects certain types of errors not detected by the existing techniques, including a stuck program counter. >
FOREIGN DOLLAR BONDS: PRESENT STATUS AND POSSIBILITIES OF FUTURE FINANCING

Sentiment in the United States increasingly opposes financing of foreign assistance programs from public funds alone. The President's "Point Four" program, for example, is to be financed primarily by private investment. The United States government expects to contribute only relatively small amounts in order to make American "know-how" available to backward countries and to encourage private investment by extending guaranties through the Export-Import Bank.
FACTORS AFFECTING MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN-THAWED STALLION SPERMATOZOA

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate damage incurred in each processing step for cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa. In Experiment 1, semen was centrifuged for 9 centrifugation times and the percentage of spermatozoa recovered after each treatment was calculated and spermatozoal motion characteristics analysed. Recovery of spermatozoa was > or = 80% when spermatozoa were centrifuged for > or = 10 min. Experiment 2 evaluated spermatozoa cryopreserved at 5 different concentrations in each of 2 extenders (skim milk-egg yolk-glycerol, SM-EYG; and lactose-EDTA, LAC). In SM-EYG, TMOT and PMOT were higher at spermatozoal concentrations of 20, 200 and 400 x 10(6)/ml (51%/41%, 52%/44%, 50%/43%, respectively) than for samples frozen at > or = 800 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (41%/35%, 32%/27%; P < 0.05). Spermatozoa frozen in LAC at a concentration of 20 x 10(6)/ml resulted in the highest TMOT and PMOT (43% and 30%, respectively, P < 0.05). The effect of freezing rate on motion characteristics of spermatozoa was evaluated in Experiment 3. The VCL of spermatozoa frozen in SM-EYG was the only parameter affected by freezing rate (P < 0.05). Experiment 4 evaluated motion characteristics after cryopreservation of spermatozoa in different sized straws (0.5 or 2.5 ml) in each of 2 extenders (SM-EYG and LAC). In SM-EYG, PMOT (38%) and VCL (109 microns/s) were highest when spermatozoa were frozen in 0.5 ml straws (P < 0.05). In Experiment 5, spermatozoa thawed immediately after cryopreservation or thawed after storage in liquid nitrogen for 24-48 h were evaluated. There was no effect of length of storage in liquid nitrogen on spermatozoal motion characteristics (P < 0.05). Experiment 6 evaluated the effects of cooling time to 5 degrees C (0, 2.5 and 5 h) on motion characteristics of spermatozoa cryopreserved in 2 extenders (SM-EYG and LAC). TMOT and PMOT were effected by cooling time, and there was a cooling-time-by-extender interaction (P < 0.05). In SM-EYG, TMOT and PMOT were higher if spermatozoa were cooled to 5 degrees C prior to initiation of freezing than if freezing was initiated at 20 degrees C (P < 0.05). A suggested protocol for cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa would include: 1) centrifugation at 400 g for 14 to 16 min; 2) extension at 23 degrees C with SM-EYG to 400 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml; 3) cool to 5 degrees C for 2.5 h; 4) package in 0.5 ml straws at 5 degrees C; 5) freeze in liquid nitrogen vapour at -160 degrees C; and 6) thaw for 30 s in 37 degrees C water.
A generalization of the Laplace transform

An integral transformation is denned over a finite interval of the time domain. When the Laplace transform exists, the finite transform yields identical results. However, the finite transform is found to be considerably more general than the Laplace transform. It permits consideration of functions which are not of exponential order, leads to a simple scheme to determine system response, and is applicable to boundary-value problems.
Transaction analysis: A framework and an application to insurance decisions

Creating or interpreting people's choices requires attention to a great many details. A framework initially presented in this journal (Fischhoff and Furby, 1988) specifies those details. It is applied here to several insurance-related choices appearing in Johnson et al. (1993) and elsewhere. These specific applications suggest alternative explanations for the results of these studies. The approach as a whole provides an alternative perspective regarding reliance on experiments and markets to study people's preferences.
A GENERALIZED TWO-LEVEL GRAPHICAL FORECAST SCHEME

An arbitrary isobaric surface and the level of non-divergcnce constitute the two levels of the proposrd model. The vorticity equation consistent with the quasi-geostrophic assumptions is applied at two levels. The thermodynamic energy equation for adiabatic motion is applied to the layer hetwecn the two levrls. A parabolic profile for the vertical motion is assumed. The vertical motion is e1imin:itc.d betwrc.11 the vorticity and the thermodynamic energy equations to obtain prognostic equations. The prognostic cqnations are solved by a gcrleralized graphical forecast scheme of successive approximations. Forccast:: and forcJc;tst errors in :I selected mrteorologicd situation are discussed.
Growth, Drug Susceptibility, and Gene Expression Profiling of Plasmodium falciparum Cultured in Medium Supplemented with Human Serum

In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum has been extremely useful in understanding the biology of the human malaria parasite as well as research on the discovery of new antimalarial drugs and vaccines. A chemically defined serum-free medium supplemented with lipid-rich bovine serum albumin (AlbuMAX I) offers the following advantages over human serum-supplemented media for the in vitro culture of P. falciparum: 1) improved growth profile, with more than a 2-fold higher yield of the parasites at any stage of the growth cycle; 2) suitability for in vitro antimalarial screening, as the parasites grown in AlbuMAX and human serum-supplemented media show similar sensitivity to standard and novel antimalarials as well as natural product extracts in the in vitro drug susceptibility assays; and 3) DNA microarray analysis comparing the global gene expression profile of sorbitol-synchronized P. falciparum trophozoites grown in the 2 different media, indicating minimal differences.
Review of solvent cleaning in aerospace operations and pollution prevention alternatives

This paper examines the use of selected solvents in degreasing, cold cleaning and spot cleaning applications in the aerospace industry, with emphasis on Federal facility operations. Research referenced in this paper is drawn from aerospace industry participants and from research conducted under the STrategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), as well as EPA`s Waste Reduction Evaluations At Federal Sites (WREAFS) program. SERDP is a cooperative effort between DoD, DOE and EPA to develop environmental solutions that enhance mission readiness in defense operations. WREAFS, founded in 1988, is an EPA-backed program that works with individual military bases, research centers and Federal facilities to promote pollution prevention opportunities and advance technologies to reduce environmental impacts while enhancing efficiency in Federal operations. With the increasing regulatory pressure preceded by the Clean Air Act, Montreal Protocols and various Executive orders, the use of certain highly effective, but environmentally harmful solvents has been restricted and will likely be further limited in the future. In the aerospace industry, primary solvents are also found on EPA`s 33/50 list-often referred to as the {open_quotes}EPA 17{close_quotes} list-of hazardous chemicals identified for reductions. With the added concerns of customer demand, market forces and costs, participants in both the privatemore » an public sector components of the aerospace industry and operations are moving to find replacements for the targeted chemicals. Various strategies are being considered, both chemical and mechanical in nature. The purpose of this paper will be to select some of the primary solvents and evaluate promising alternative chemicals and cleaning operations currently available. It will also provide a briefing on some alternatives currently being evaluated at Federal facilities. 15 refs.« less
E-Beam Lithography Stencil Planning and Optimization With Overlapped Characters

Electronic beam lithography (EBL) is one of the promising emerging technologies in the sub-22 nm regime. In EBL, the desired circuit patterns are directly shot into the wafer, which overcomes the diffraction limit of light in the current optical lithography system. However, the low throughput becomes its key technical hurdle. In the conventional EBL system, each rectangle in the layout will be projected by one electronic shot through a variable shape beam (VSB). This could be extremely slow. As an improved EBL technology, character projection (CP) shoots complex shapes, so-called characters, in one time, by putting them into a predesigned stencil. However, only a limited number of characters can be employed, due to the area constraint. Those patterns, not contained by any character, are still required to be written by VSB. A key problem is how to select an optimal set of characters and pack them on the CP stencil to minimize total processing time. In this paper, we investigate a problem of electronic beam lithography stencil design with overlapped characters. Different from previous works, besides selecting appropriate characters, their placements on the stencil are also optimized in our framework. Specifically, we propose a Hamilton-path-based iterative algorithm to handle 1-D stencil design problem, and an effective simulated annealing framework for the generalized 2-D case with an efficient look-ahead sequence pair evaluation technique. The experimental results show that, compared to conventional stencil design methodology without overlapped characters, we are able to reduce total projection time by 51%.
PHENETIC COMPARISON OF SEVEN Echinacea SPECIES BASED ON IMMUNOMODULATORY CHARACTERISTICS.

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to compare similarities and differences in immune response among Echinacea species, which are commonly used to treat upper respiratory infections. The investigation involved two components: acquisition of immunomodulatory data reported here for the first time, and combined phenetic analysis of these data along with previous reports. Experimental data were obtained by stimulating human PBMC in vitro with extracts from Echinacea spp. and assaying production of three cytokines (interleukin–1β [IL–1β], interleukin–2 [IL–2], and tumor necrosis factor–α [TNF–α]). Phenetic analyses were employed to compare responses across the entire data set, including UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) and neighbor-joining methods. In the immune experiments conducted for this investigation, E. angustifolia, E. paradoxa, E. purpurea, E. simulata, and E. tennesseensis extracts significantly augmented IL–1 β and TNF–α production, whereas no extracts sign...
Sample Size Requirement in the Study of Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Sex Ratio

The choice of an appropriate sample size is a neglected topic in termite sex ratio research because the literature contains a variety of sample sizes with most < 50 individuals. We compared the effect of sample size (from 25 - 800) on matching the ratio obtained from several Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) populations of 1600 individuals. This study showed that a sample size of < 50 is too small to estimate the actual sex ratio of a population. A sample size of at least 100 termites is required to provide ±10% error in a census of Reticulitermes sex ratios. The results should improve confidence in estimates of termite colony sex ratios, and we propose a standard sample size for such studies.
Great Books for Plain Folks

Each of the five chapters that follow the introduction of Blue Collar Intellectuals: When the Enlightened and the Everyman Elevated America contains a biographical sketch and appreciation of either an individual or a married couple author Daniel Flynn deems worthy of being classified among the enlightened with blue-collar roots, some of whose intellectual endeavors have succeeded in popularizing or making available important ideas to the average Joe and Jane. Will and Ariel Durant head the list, primarily for their eleven-volume The Story of Civilization (1935–1975), as well as Will’s eleven Little Blue Books distributed by E. Haldeman-Julius. I remember reading Will’s The Story of Philosophy (1926) in high school, and the mixture of biographical anecdotes about the lives of the philosophers together with accessible paraphrases of some of their ideas got me started upon the path of life I followed for the next sixty years. Next comes Mortimer Adler, best known today for the creation of the unwieldy fifty or so volumes of the Great Books of the Western World (1952). Flynn describes him as having a “supersized ego” as well as being “a difficult man.” I would think you would need quite an energetic ego to persuade wealthy individuals to support the Great Books project with the intention “of spreading the wisdom of elite minds to the masses.” It turned out the masses were either not very interested or could not afford the series. Flynn quotes a consumer research firm that concluded that “owners actually use the Great Books infrequently”—not a surprise considering their format and their contents. When I was about ten years old, my father purchased Charles Eliot’s Harvard Classics (1909) for my brother and me. Not only did I come into possession of fifty dark blue volumes of classics, but also of Acad. Quest. (2012) 25:573–576 DOI 10.1007/s12129-012-9321-8
Recurring Nightmare: Barriers to Effective Treatment of Hiv in the United States and Internationally

Developing nations face many of the same barriers to the effective prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS as the developed nations. The article examines successful and unsuccessful approaches to prevention in the United States, and compares these to the obstacles faced by those attempting to deal with the HIV/AIDS pandemic in other nations. It suggests ways of addressing deeply rooted obstacles such as the treatment of women and racial and sexual minorities. A complex web of approaches that draws on international, national, and local laws and government, as well as the participation of community groups, stands the only chance of substantially addressing the myriad problems HIV/AIDS presents.The article also addresses the assumption that treatment of most of the world's HIV-infected population is an impossibility, and draws on two existing studies to suggest that the barriers are not as insurmountable as is sometimes thought. Substantial global commitment to funding, however, is necessary for both prevention and treatment.
Elective, adult circumcision does not affect patient perception of sexual health as defined by the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ)

Abstract Background: There is persistent concern over circumcision's effect on sexual health. This prospective study was conducted to establish the effect circumcision has on patient perceptions of sexual health and satisfaction. Methods: A prospective, review board approved, study was conducted to compare changes in the pre- and post-operative Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ). All patients over the age of 18 were offered enrollment and completed the MSHQ prior to the procedure. Procedure time, blood loss, and complications were documented. Patients then returned at 8–10 weeks for physical examination and completion of a post-procedure MSHQ and patient satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Of the 30 enrolled patients, 28 were available for review. The average age was 32.4 years (range 18–70 years). Indications included phimosis (10/30, 33.3%), social desire (19/30, 63.3%) and skin lesions (1/30, 3.3%). The average time for the procedure was 31.8 minutes (range 16–46 minutes) with an average blood lo...
Supply Control With Marketable Quotas: The Cost of Uncertainty

Although the importance of risk and uncertainty was recognized in the early literature on agricultural policy, more recent analyses tend to abstract from these considerations. In particular, the supply‐control model, once high on the economist's agricultural policy agenda, has not been analyzed with production as a stochastic variable. This article demonstrates that supply control under conditions of uncertainty results in social costs above those predicted by certainty analysis. Special emphasis is given to (1) the variance of the implicit price the producer receives for his product, and (2) the effects of supply control on the equilibrium quantity stored. The optimality of storage in a competitive market is demonstrated, and it is argued that if equilibrium storage is increased by introducing supply control, the increased costs should be included in approximating the welfare costs of the policy.
System Design and Subsystem Technology for a Future Spaceborne Cloud Radar

The 2007 Decadal Survey for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration recommended an Aerosol/Cloud/Ecosystems (ACE) mission with a new advanced cloud profiling radar. In this letter, we describe ACERAD, a radar design that could meet the goals for the ACE mission. ACERAD has 35 GHz (Ka-band) and 94 GHz (W-band) channels. It would scan at Ka-band and be nadir looking at W-band. The scanning antenna geometry is a classical Dragonian illuminated by a feed array; a reduced-size prototype of the antenna has been successfully fabricated and tested. ACERAD also uses a quasi-optical transmission line at W-band for low-loss routing of the signal from the transmitter to the antenna and from the antenna to the receiver. This letter briefly describes the ACERAD instrument design and test results for some of the major technologies needed for ACERAD implementation.
Demonstration of intranuclear T-antigen by antisera to purified adenovirus 7.

SummaryAdenovirus type 7 was purified by density gradient centrifugation, dialyzed against 0.01 M Tris buffer (pH 8.3), and allowed to stand for 3 weeks at 4°. These conditions are known to result in large numbers of disrupted virions. Immunization of hamsters with this preparation produced antisera that reacted both with the surface antigens of the virion and with the T-antigen. Primary hamster kidney cells were infected with adenovirus type 7 at a multiplicity of 100 PFU/cell and intranuclear T-antigen was detected in a proportion of cells which rose to a maximum of about 10% at 48 hr and then declined. Two possibilities to explain the production of antibodies to the T-antigen by hamsters immunized with purified virus are discussed: the internal antigen which is released by the aging of adenovirus in buffer may stimulate antibodies that react with the T-antigen or the T-antigen could be produced in vivo with consequent antibody production. Either mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of tumor form...
On the Use of Symmetry to Assess Biface Production Goals

AbstractThe theory that all Paleoindians were high-technology foragers, reliant on a bifacial core-based, technology, may be in need ofreevaluation (Bamforth 1002.). Uncertainty regarding the prevalence and role of bifaces in the Paleoindian toolkit may be fueled by our inability to consistently and accurately distinguish differences between cores and early stage projectile point preforms. I hypothesize that there are distinct and identifiable patterns among these two types of bifacial artifacts and that the amount a biface deviates from perfect bilateral symmetry may be indicative of its intended function. The concept of a “symmetry index” is introduced and used to quantify symmetry among sample groups. Through a symmetry index pilot study and a number of multivariate quantitative analyses, it is determined that there are quantifiable differences in attributes shared by bifaces with a high degree of symmetry, as well as by those that are more asymmetrical. These trends may help us to better understand Pa...
Expression of a recombinant preproendothelin-1 gene in arteries stimulates vascular contractility

Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide that is elevated in cardiovascular diseases. However, the biological function of ET-1 gene expression within arteries in vivo has not been dete...
Bombesin stimulates growth of human gastrinoma.

Background We have previously reported the first establishment and characterization of a functioning human gastrinoma (PT) xenograft. Bombesin, the equivalent of the mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide, has trophic effects on normal and neoplastic tissues of the gastrointestinal tract; the effects of gut hormones on the growth of gastrinoma are not known. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the presence of various gut peptides in PT and (2) to determine the effect of bombesin on the growth of PT xenografts. Methods PT tumors were examined for expression (mRNA and protein) of various gut peptides by Northern hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In addition, PT xenografts were implanted as 3 mm2 pieces bilaterally subcutaneously in athymic nude mice. Mice were divided into two groups to receive either bombesin (5 micrograms/kg) or saline administered as intraperitoneal injections every 8 hours. Tumor area was measured twice weekly until mice were sacrificed (day 28), when tumor and normal pancreas were removed, weighed, and assayed for DNA and protein content. Results Both mRNAs and peptides of gastrin and chromogranin A were present in PT tumors. Bombesin significantly stimulated growth of PT tumors from day 18 until mice were sacrificed (day 28). As expected, bombesin stimulated pancreatic growth. Conclusions We have demonstrated for the first time that bombesin is a trophic hormone for gastrinoma. The unique cell line PT contains gastrin and chromogranin A and will be a useful model to define the biologic mechanisms controlling the growth of human gastrinomas.
Drug Therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

SUMMARY A rather simple and rational approach to pharmacologic treatment of lower urinary tract disorders has been presented. The authors recommend that the clinician categorize pharmacologically treatable disorders into four categories and be familiar with one drug that may be utilized for each category. The authors suggest that the reader needs to familiarize himself with the use of only the following drugs: bethanechol, propantheline, imipramine, phenylpropanolamine, and phenoxybenzamine.
Columbia NLP: Sentiment Slot Filling.

In this report, we present a system which, given a named entity and the polarity (positive or negative) of an opinion expressed either by or towards it, finds all entities that could reasonably be the targets or holders, respectively, of that sentiment. The system operates in three steps: extracting viable entity pairs, analyzing the subjectivity of the text relating them, and classifying the polarity of the sentiment expressed.
Confronting the "Acid Test": Educators' Perspectives on Expanding Access to Advanced Placement at a Diverse Florida High School.

This study examines educators’ perspectives on accountability mandates designed to expand access to the College Board's Advanced Placement (AP) classes to traditionally underserved students at a diverse suburban high school in Florida, Palm Crest High School. Consistent with Elmore (1979), district and site-based administrators focused on the “forward mapping,” of implementation and identified teacher “gatekeeping” as well as parental expectations as chief barriers to opening up AP enrollment. Teachers, however, found implementation problematic—accountability levers had contradictory provisions and overall neglect nonacademic barriers to college access for low-income African American and Hispanic students. The current value-added model of incorporating student exam performance as a key component of teacher evaluations complicates the advocacy associated with increasing low-SES students’ participation in AP classes as educators strive to maintain high pass rates amid open-enrollment policies. We argue for ...
TRANSIENT MEMORY AND NEURONAL ACTIVITY IN THE THALAMUS

Publisher Summary One of the best substantiated experimental results in primate neurobiology is the deficit produced by ablation of the prefrontal cortex in delayed-response (DR) performance, a time-honored procedure for testing transient memory in animals. The role of the anatomical links between the prefrontal cortex and other structures of the brain is largely unknown. This chapter illustrates spike activity of a cell in the nucleus medialis dorsalis (MD) during a DR trial. Electrical stimulation of the surface of the cortex around the sulcus principalis induces modifications in the impulse activity of MD units. Those modifications are not uniform for all units and vary in accordance with the frequency of the stimulus. The long latency and the variability of MD responses to stimulation of the surface of the dorsolateral frontal cortex indicate that the connection between the tissue underlying the stimulating electrodes and the MD units is not a direct one and possibly involves several cortical and thalamic synapses. MD cells participate not only in the acquisition of sensory information but also, to some degree, in the retention of that information in short-term storage. That is the possible significance of rapid trains of action potentials recurring during the early part of the delay in the DR performance.
Are policy incentives for solar power effective? Evidence from residential installations in the Northeast☆

Abstract State incentives for solar power have grown significantly in the past several years. This paper examines the effectiveness of policy incentives to increase residential solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity. We use county-level panel data and control for demographic characteristics, solar resources, and pro-environmental preferences. Results show that among financial incentives, rebates have the most impact with an additional $1 per watt rebate increasing annual PV capacity additions by close to 50%. Factors that affect financial returns to solar PV such as electricity price and solar insolation are also found to be significant. Results also point to a significant positive relationship between hybrid vehicle sales and residential PV capacity growth, indicating the importance of pro-environmental preferences as a predictor of solar PV demand. Back of the envelope calculations suggest that the cost of carbon mitigation through rebates is around $184 per ton of CO2.