cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Task Consistency in Strategy Use and the Relationship with Intelligence

Abstract Two-hundred and forty-three Navy recruits participated in a study that examined the relationship between strategy use and intelligence. Each subject contributed ten enlistment aptitude and achievement scores, took eight additional paper-and-pencil aptitude and intelligence tests, and three computer-administered tests. The computer tests were designed such that as item difficulty increased it became advantageous to strategically shift focus from one aspect of the items to another. Based on reaction time (RT) patterns it was possible to: (a) determine the point along the item difficulty continua where focus shifted, and (b) compare subjects' shift points with the logically optimal shift point. RTs from the computer tests were significantly intercorrelated and were related to psychometric test scores, particularly fluid intelligence. The strategy measures derived from the computer tests were statistically independent from one another and revealed no relationship with any of the psychometric tests. These results cast doubt on previous empirical research and theoretical arguments that strongly link strategy use and general intelligence.
Logic performance evaluation and transport physics of Schottky-gate III–V compound semiconductor quantum well field effect transistors for power supply voltages (V CC ) ranging from 0.5v to 1.0v

In this paper for the first time, the logic performance of Schottky-gate In 0.7 Ga 0.3 As QWFETs is measured and evaluated against that of advanced Strained Si MOSFETs from Vcc = 0.5 to 1.0V. The QWFET is shown to have measured drive current gain over the Si MOSFET for the entire Vcc range. Effective velocity (V eff ) of the QWFET exhibits 4.6X–3.3X gain over the Si MOSFET. The high V eff enables 65% intrinsic drive current gain at V CC = 0.5V and 20% gain at V CC = 1.0V for the In 0.7 Ga 0.3 As QWFET over that of Strained Si, despite 2.5x lower charge density.
The cyclical behavior of optimal bank capital

Abstract This paper presents a dynamic model of optimal bank capital in which the bank optimizes over costs associated with failure, holding capital, and flows of external capital. The solution to the infinite-horizon stochastic optimization problem is related to period-by-period value at risk (var) in which the optimal probability of failure is endogenously determined. Over a cycle, var is positively correlated with optimal flows of external capital, but negatively correlated with optimal net changes in capital and the optimal level of total capital. Analysis of this pattern suggests that a regulatory minimum requirement based on var, if binding, is likely to be procyclical. The model points to several ways of reducing this problem. For example, a var-based requirement makes more sense if it is applied to external capital flows than if it is applied to the total level of capital. US commercial bank data since 1984 are generally consistent with the model.
Analysis and optimization of differential PCB traces

Comparison between Table 2 and Table 4 reveals that: (1) at 3 GHz, differential microstrip has smaller insertion loss than differential stripline; and (2) insertion loss variation caused by manufacturing tolerance variation is more pronounced in differential microstrip than in stripline. Therefore, to reduce insertion in transmission lines, strict impedance control is always desired.
Construction of a high resolution electron beam profile monitor

Bremsstrahlung from an electron beam on a heavy target can be used to image the beam profile using collimators and slits. The limiting resolution using this system is determined by Fresnel diffraction, and is /spl simspl radic/(/spl lambda/d/2), where /spl lambda/ is the photon wavelength and d is determined by the linear dimensions of the system. For linear colliders this resolution could be a few nm. The highest resolution requires detectors which see only high energy, (small /spl lambda/), photons, and this is accomplished by converting photons to pairs, and detecting Cherenkov light in a nearly forward angle with a CCD detector or streak camera. Tests are planned at the Argonne APS and SLAC FFTB. >
Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea pneumonia malaria and measles.

Previous analyses derived the relative risk (RR) of dying as a result of low weight-for-age and calculated the proportion of child deaths worldwide attributable to underweight. The objectives were to examine whether the risk of dying because of underweight varies by cause of death and to estimate the fraction of deaths by cause attributable to underweight. Data were obtained from investigators of 10 cohort studies with both weight-for-age category ( -1 SD) and cause of death information. All 10 studies contributed information on weight-for-age and risk of diarrhea pneumonia and all-cause mortality; however only 6 studies contributed information on deaths because of measles and only 3 studies contributed information on deaths because of malaria or fever. With use of weighted random effects models we related the log mortality rate by cause and anthropometric status in each study to derive cause-specific RRs of dying because of undernutrition. Prevalences of each weight-for-age category were obtained from analyses of 310 national nutrition surveys. With use of the RR and prevalence information we then calculated the fraction of deaths by cause attributable to undernutrition. The RR of mortality because of low weight-for-age was elevated for each cause of death and for all-cause mortality. Overall 52.5% of all deaths in young children were attributable to undernutrition varying from 44.8% for deaths because of measles to 60.7% for deaths because of diarrhea. A significant proportion of deaths in young children worldwide is attributable to low weight-for-age and efforts to reduce malnutrition should be a policy priority. (authors)
Noninvasive measurements of central arterial pressure and distensibility by arterial applanation tonometry with a generalized transfer function: implications for nursing.

Decreased distensibility of large arteries is a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk. Measurements of arterial distensibility can be made noninvasively with the use of an arterial applanation pressure tonometer with a generalized transfer function. This article reviews (1) the concept of arterial distensibility and its relation to pulse wave amplitude, velocity, and reflection; (2) epidemiologic evidence that large-artery stiffness increases cardiovascular risks; and (3) the estimation of arterial distensibility with the use of noninvasive techniques, with an emphasis on measuring pulse wave velocity and calculating the aortic augmentation index. Finally, it addresses the application of arterial applanation tonometry in nursing research and practice. (Heart Lung® 2001;30:437-44.)
Evaluating the Information Power Grid using the NAS Grid Benchmarks

Summary form only given. The NAS Grid Benchmarks (NGB) are a collection of synthetic distributed applications designed to rate the performance and functionality of computational grids. We compare several implementations of the NGB to determine programmability and efficiency of NASA's Information Power Grid (IPG), whose services are mostly based on the Globus toolkit. We report on the overheads involved in porting existing NGB reference implementations to the IPG. No changes were made to the component tasks of the NGB.
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT IN PRESCHOOL CLASSROOMS: INSIGHTS REVEALED THROUGH SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION AND INTERVIEW

This mixed methods study examined behavior management strategies used by preschool teachers to address student noncompliance in the classroom. Specifically, the study aimed to (1) examine the methods that preschool teachers are currently using to respond to noncompliant behavior in their classrooms, (2) measure the frequency with which each strategy is used or attempted, and (3) examine the reasons that teachers have chosen to use particular strategies. Observations and teacher interviews were conducted in five classrooms across two preschools located in a Midwest state. Results revealed that teachers use a variety of strategies to address noncompliance, many of which were also preventative in nature and designed to increase students’ self-regulation. In addition, behavior management techniques that are currently recommended by research (e.g., guided compliance and proximity praise) were generally practiced by teachers in the participating schools. However, students were reinforced for appropriate behavior following noncompliance less than one-third of the time. These results suggest that teachers are using a broad range of recommended strategies, but the results also serve as a reminder of the importance of providing positive reinforcement for appropriate behavior following an episode of noncompliance. Additional implications for school practitioners and future research are provided.
Use of DiazaCon™ as a reproductive inhibitor for monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)

Feral monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) populations have become established in the United States and other countries around the world, and can cause damage to electrical facilities. Because the monk parakeet is a highly visible species and there is often public opposition to lethal control measures, non-lethal methods, such as contraception, are being developed to help control the spread of feral populations. Two gavage studies and one ad libitum nesting study were conducted to assess the efficacy of DiazaCon™ as a potential contraceptive for the monk parakeet. The first gavage study compared daily dose levels of 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg DiazaCon™ (kg bodyweight) -1 administered for 10 consecu- tive days. Cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly concomitant with a significant increase in desmosterol concentrations in the treated groups, but did not vary between sexes. Cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations did not differ significantly among DiazaCon™ groups, and cholesterol remained significantly suppressed 12 weeks after treat- ment. On the basis of these results, the second gavage study compared 5 or 10 consecutive days of DiazaCon™ adminis- tration at 50 mg kg -1 bird -1 day -1 . Cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly concomitant with a significant increase in desmosterol concentrations in the treated groups, but did not vary between sexes. Cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations did not differ significantly between DiazaCon™ groups, and cholesterol remained significantly suppressed 11 weeks after treatment. Parakeets in the nesting study were fed hulled sunflower seeds treated with a target dose of 50 mg DiazaCon™ kg -1 bird -1 day -1 . Birds consumed enough to receive an average dose of 34 mg kg -1 pair -1 day -1 , or 17 mg kg -1 bird -1 day -1 . Birds in the treated group laid an average of 1.6 ± 0.7 eggs per clutch compared with 3.9 ± 1.1 eggs per clutch in the untreated control group. None of the eggs laid by treated birds hatched compared with 1.1 ± 0.6 eggs per clutch hatching in the control group. Reproductive inhibition was effective for the length of the breeding season, at which time the study was stopped and no more data were collected. DiazaCon™ is a promising avian oral contraceptive that should be further investigated in a field setting with monk parakeets.
Using a Collaborative Programming Methodology to Incorporate Social Computing Projects into Introductory Computer Science Courses

Students in today's introductory Computer Science courses are often already experienced with sophisticated collaborative technologies and social computing systems. Among these popular systems are the online community building and information sharing sites that have become an intrinsic part of a new cyber-culture that continues to emerge. The involvement of students in collaborative technologies can be responsible in some cases for why certain students are inspired to pursue careers in computing disciplines. Yet very few CS 1 and CS 2 textbooks contain content related to collaborative software systems, presumably because of the extreme complexity involved in developing software that communicates with other software over a network. While social computing activities are very popular, the fact that it is not very prevalent in CS 1 and CS 2 course material can discourage students who have particular interest in that area of computing. In this paper, I present a system that I have developed that offers a simple way to incorporate class work and projects that involve collaborative networking and social computing paradigms at the level of introductory Computer Science courses.
Modeling location based wafer die yield variation in estimating 3D stacked IC yield from wafer to wafer stacking

3D-Stacked ICs manufactured from wafer to wafer stacking are known to suffer from significant yield degradation from the compounding of the defect probabilities for individual dies. However, recent experiments [11], based on carefully simulated wafer defect maps and validated by silicon data, have shown that traditional yield estimates for 3D-SICs that assume uniform defect probabilities across the stacked wafers can be pessimistic by up to 50%. This is due to yield variations at the different die locations on the wafer resulting from the commonly observed clustering of defects, and also from systematic defects introduced by equipment and handling issues during manufacturing. In this paper we present a novel 3D-SIC yield model which for the first time accurately estimates the impact of this location based wafer die yield variation on the 3D-SIC yield. We further develop a simplified compact model that uses the average die yield, and two easy to obtain parameters (a and σ) that capture the essential spatial information needed for accurately estimating the 3D-SIC yields. The new models are extensively validated against both simulated defect maps and actual silicon data. They promise to greatly simplify meaningful study of cost trade-offs while exploring implementation options for 3D-SICs early in the design phase.
Perceptron Simulation Experiments

An experimental simulation program, which has been in progress at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory since 1957, is described. This program uses the IBM 704 computer to simulate perceptual learning, recognition, and spontaneous classification of visual stimuli in the perceptron, a theoretical brain model which has been described elsewhere. The paper includes a brief review of the organization of simple perceptrons, and theoretically predicted performance curves are compared with those obtained from the simulation programs, in several types of experiments, designed to study "forced" and "spontaneous" learning of pattern discriminations.
Antimicrobial efficacy of lauric arginate against Campylobacter jejuni and spoilage organisms on chicken breast fillets

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of lauric arginate (LAE) against Campylobacter jejuni (in broth and on chicken breast fillets) and spoilage microorganisms (on chicken breast fillets). In vitro antimicrobial activity of LAE was determined by treating C. jejuni (in pure culture) with 0 (control), 50, 100, and 200 mg/L of LAE solutions at 4°C for 2 h. Inoculated chicken samples with C. jejuni were treated with 0, 200, and 400 mg/kg of LAE, packaged, and stored at 4°C for 7 d for determining the efficacy of LAE against C. jejuni on meat. Noninoculated skinless chicken breast fillet samples were treated with 0, 200, and 400 mg/kg of LAE and were used for analysis of LAE treatments on growth of mesophilic and psychrotrophic organisms on d 0, 3, 9, and 14 during storage at 4°C. Lauric arginate was highly effective against C. jejuni in vitro with no detectable survivors. Lauric arginate significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced C. jejuni counts on chicken breast fillets with 200 and 400 mg/kg treatments. Lauric arginate at 400 mg/L gave a maximum reduction of ˜1.5 log cfu/g of C. jejuni during 7 d of storage at 4°C without any change in pH of meat. Treating chicken breast fillets with 400 mg/kg of LAE caused 2.3 log cfu/g reduction of psychrotrophs (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the control on d 0 of storage. However, no difference existed (P ≥ 0.05) in the growth of psychrotrophs on chicken breast fillets after treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg of LAE compared with the control after 3 d. The LAE treatments had no effect (P ≥ 0.05) on growth of mesophilic organisms. The results of the study indicated that LAE is effective in reducing C. jejuni on chicken breast fillets.
Total Dose Radiation Response of Nitrided and Non-nitrided SiO $_{2}$ /4H-SiC MOS Capacitors

The total dose radiation response of nitrided and non-nitrided n-type 4H-SiC is reported for metal oxide semiconductor capacitors exposed to 10-keV X-rays under positive bias. The radiation response is affected strongly by differences in the SiC band gap and interface/near interface SiO2 trap density from typical Si MOS devices. Significantly higher net trapped positive charge densities were observed in nitrided n-SiC MOS capacitors compared to the non-nitrided samples. The mechanisms contributing to the differences in the charge trapping in these devices are discussed. Differences in the interfacial layer between SiO2/Si and SiO2/SiC are responsible for the observed dissimilarities in charge trapping behavior
Assessment of Differences Between the Modified Cincinnati and International Knee Documentation Committee Patient Outcome Scores: A Prospective Study

BackgroundFunctional outcome questionnaires have become a common part of patient follow-up in the orthopaedic community. The modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scale were designed to provide clinicians with information regarding a patient’s functional and clinical status after knee surgery.HypothesisThe functional outcome data reported on the modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System and the IKDC subjective questionnaire are equivalent.Study DesignCohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2007, all patients with complex knee disorders seen in our orthopaedic clinic were prospectively followed and given simultaneously the modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System and the IKDC subjective questionnaires to report their functional outcomes. The total scores of each instrument were compared at each time of evaluation. As a measure of responsiveness, the standardized response means were calculated. A second within-pa...
The relationship between educational serious games, gender, and students' social interaction

Internet age students are increasingly interested in learning by playing. The majority of the current educational computer games suffer from the inapplicability of supporting the course materials' learning objectives. In consequence, the integration of educational video games into the curriculum usually met with resistance from some teachers, administrators, and parents. Multi-player educational serious games (MPESGs) are introduced as a new type of educational computer games. Educators and researchers increasingly believe in MPESGs as a tool for interactive learning. MPESGs might not only motivate students to learn, but also provide them with innovative ways to develop understandings of abstract concepts. In addition, the integration of MPESGs in learning environment might promote social interaction among students. This study focused on exploring MPESGs as a new educational tool. A MPESG called The Village of Belknap was developed in Second Life to be used as a prototype in this study. Experimental results were carried out and the results indicated that the gender did not influence students' perceptions of social interaction during playing the game. In addition, the results revealed that the integration of the MPESG in the learning process did not lead to a significant difference in the perception of social interaction between the students who participated in the online session and the students who participated in the face-to-face session.
Perspectives of Senior-Level Executives on Effective Followership and Leadership:

Using a three-page questionnaire administered to a sample of 302 senior-level executives, this study examined the perceptions of executives on the distinguishing characteristics of effective leader...
Biological-effective versus conventional dose volume histograms correlated with late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a matched pair analysis

Background To determine whether the dose-volume histograms (DVH's) for the rectum and bladder constructed using biological-effective dose (BED-DVH's) better correlate with late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity after treatment with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer than conventional DVH's (C-DVH's).
A Multicourse Collaborative Project Within a Global Context: Multidimensional Learning Outcomes for Merchandising and Interior Design Majors

This study examined how student learning can be enhanced through a multidisciplinary collaborative project in the apparel merchandising and interior design curriculum. It investigated the relations...
Effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on plasma glucocorticoids, body mass, and recapture rates in yellow‐pine chipmunks, Tamias amoenus

In male yellow-pine chipmunks plasma levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) are low while plasma testosterone (T) levels peak during the mating season, suggesting that T suppresses GC levels. To test this hypothesis, free-living, post-reproductive males were implanted during summer with either a T-filled (T-males) or an empty silastic implant (controls or C-males). Body mass and plasma levels of corticosterone, cortisol, and T were measured immediately before and 1 month after implantation. Exogenous testosterone increased T to high physiological levels typical of reproductively active males. By 1 month after implantation, T-males decreased their mean body mass and plasma GC levels, while C-males maintained their mean body mass and GC levels. Even though T-males lost mass, recapture success 1 month after implantation for T-males (71%) was equal to that of C-males (71%). However, the overwinter recapture rate of C-males (83%) was significantly greater than that of T-males (20%). The results support the hypothesis that high plasma T of males during mating has a suppressive effect on plasma GC levels. Additionally, experimentally elevated T significantly reduced the rate of recapture during the following spring, and this may reflect a reduction in local overwinter survival. The suppression of adrenocortical activity by T may contribute to the reductions in prehibernation body mass and post-emergence recapture success. J. Exp. Zool. 287:378-383, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of long-term tilt on mechanical and electrical properties of rat saphenous vein

Femoral vein pressure in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats kept in specially designed tubelike cages rose immediately from a control value of 2.9 +/- 0.2 (SE) mmHg to a gravity-induced sustained value of 5.9 +/- 0.2 mmHg on initiation of a 2-wk 45 degrees head-up tilt period. Femoral arterial pressure was not altered by tilting. In 2 wk mean external diameter, but not total wall thickness, of in vitro distal saphenous vein segments from tilted rats was increased approximately 30% above that of segments from nontilted controls at each of four successive 5-mmHg intralumenal pressure (IP) increments applied between 0 and 20 mmHg. Consequently, in tilted rats isobaric stress was increased 38% at low and 24% at high IP, whereas incremental distensibility was decreased at mid IP. Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) in tilted rat vein, but not artery, was hyperpolarized relative to controls both in vitro at normal physiological pressures [membrane potential (Em) = -58.2 +/- 0.8 vs. -52.4 +/- 0.8 mV, respectively] and in situ during local neural blockade (Em = -61.3 +/- 2.3 vs. -53.5 +/- 0.5 mV, respectively). The conclusion is that a moderate chronic elevation of IP in a vein results in hyperpolarization of its VSM and an elevation of its total capacity due to an as yet unexplained mechanism of physiological adaptation.
Is happiness a cure-all for mental fatigue?: mood interacts with situational requirements in predicting performance

There is a set of competing theories for how emotion influences behavior after being psychologically challenged. One group of theories emphasize that positive affect enhances performance after a psychological challenge. Conversely, the emotion and goal compatibility theory argues that positive and negative emotions can enhance or reduce performance and motivation to control behavior depending on the task requirements. To test these contrasting predictions, participants were psychologically challenged by completing a Stroop task and then induced into a positive, negative, or neutral mood. A verbal or spatial working memory task was then completed to assess performance and motivation to control behavior. As predicted, positive mood benefited performance and behavioral control on the verbal working memory task, whereas, a negative mood benefited performance and behavioral control on the spatial working memory task. Thus, following a psychological challenge motivation to control behavior depended on interactions between mood and task requirements consistent with the emotion and goal compatibility theory. (155).
Can Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Restoring Social Order

This paper explores the concept that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and international business law improve social conditions in developing nations. It is widely assumed that spillover effects, such as technology transfer and knowledge diffusion, improve a host country’s economic conditions. But do these spillovers also serve to rebuild the host countries’ social order and contribute to improved living standards, especially when they occur in developing nations? This paper presents lessons learned and provides several case examples from sub-Saharan Africa, where there has historically been a dramatic need to improve social conditions.
Addressing the challenges and limitations of utilizing data to study serial homicide

Conducting systematic research on serial homicide is complicated by variations in definition, sample size, data sources and collection procedures. This review will identify the challenges of utilizing data to study serial homicide and propose new methods to address these limitations. Almost three decades ago, Kiger (1990) highlighted the limitations of employing then existing data to study the social problem of serial murder and called for the creation of new sources to allow for quantitative assessments that used empirical data. In response, serial homicide researchers – previously operating in ‘information silos’ – contributed information to the ‘Serial Homicide Expertise and Information Sharing Collaborative’ to build a comprehensive record of serial homicide offending in partnership with the ‘Radford/FGCU Serial Killer Database Project’. Providing serial homicide data in an open access format empowers users to increase data reliability by interacting with the information to supply edits and correction...
Oxidation-Reduction Studies of Growth and Differentiation of Species of Brucella

The object of this investigation has been to determine the oxidationreduction potentials associated with the growth of strains of Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus and Brucella suis in a suitable liquid culture medium in the presence of and without the addition of certain growthinhibiting dyes. It was thought that the results of such a study might furnish further information'on the biologic relationships of the three species and enlightenment as to the mechanism of the selective action of the dyes on the growth of Brucella.1 It is obvious that in making a comparative study of this nature on closely related aerobic bacteria, the growth conditions that are maintained should closely approximate those normally used in growing the organism. In other words, if there are metabolic differences in intensity and capacity in the three species of Brucella when grown on a culture medium under aerobic conditions, the differences should be measurable in an oxidation-reduction system if the same growth conditions are maintained. The measurement of electrode potentials of culture mediums under aerobic conditions requires the employment of a system in which the potential of the cell will remain at or near the same level for a period before inoculation. The maintenance of electrode potentials at a constant level in liquids containing organic materials has been difficult without the introduction of some dynamic method to prevent the drift of potential and the polarization of the electrode. These troublesome factors may be overcome by deaerating the liquid in the electrode vessel and measuring the changes in electromotive force with a vacuum tube potentiometer or an electrometer.
Influences of Segregation and Desegregation on the Bands at Historically Black High Schools of Hillsborough County, Florida.

Much of the twentieth century was a turbulent time in the United States for African Americans. During this time of segregation on numerous legal and social levels, bands were becoming part of the culture of many schools across the nation. Despite great adversity, many successful band programs were established at black schools as a result of the efforts of pioneering music educators, often as a result of a deep and lasting commitment to the children of their home communities. This study is a narrative history that sheds light on the band programs at the black public high schools of Hillsborough County, Florida. The events that took place here may be similar to developments that occurred elsewhere throughout the country, especially those in the segregated south. This history examines the legacy of Michael “Prof” Rodriguez and other band directors, and the experience of being a student and a band member at schools like Blake High School and Middleton High School. Topics include the origins of these bands at ...
Liposomal bupivacaine versus interscalene nerve block for pain control after shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective randomized trial.

Hypothesis Our hypothesis was that in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, a prospective randomized trial would find no significant differences in average daily pain scores of those treated with interscalene nerve block (INB) vs. local liposomal bupivacaine (LB). Methods Sixty patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty were assessed for eligibility. Study arms included either intraoperative local infiltration of LB (20 mL bupivacaine/20 mL saline) or preoperative INB, with a primary outcome of postoperative average daily visual analog scale scores for 4 days. Secondary outcomes assessed included opioid consumption, length of stay, and complications. Randomization was by a computerized algorithm. Only the observer was blinded to the intervention. Results Three patients were excluded, all before randomization. A total of 57 patients were analyzed. Outcomes showed a significant increase in pain in the LB group between 0 and 8 hours postoperatively (mean [standard deviation] 5.3 [2.2] vs. 2.5 [3.0]; P = .001). A significant increase in intravenous morphine equivalents was found in the INB group at 13 to 16 hours (mean [standard deviation] 1.2 [0.9] vs. 0.6 [0.7]; P = .01). No significant differences were found in any variable after postoperative day 0 between the 2 groups. Conclusion An increase in early postoperative pain on the day of surgery was found with LB, whereas the INB group required more narcotics at the end of the day. After the day of surgery, there were no significant differences found in any variables. These findings suggest that LB provides similar overall pain relief as INB, with no increase in complications or length of stay and a decrease in narcotic requirements on the day of surgery.
A simple and high-performance 130 nm SOI eDRAM technology using floating-body pass-gate transistor in trench-capacitor cell for system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications

This paper, for the first time, reports a fully-functional 130 nm trench-based eDRAM (embedded DRAM), built in unpatterned SOI. The functionality of the eDRAM is shown by the test results of: (a) 524 Kb ADM (array diagnostic monitors) macros and (b) 16 Mb product macros. The eDRAM functionality is enabled by using low-leakage floating-body array pass transistors. The support logic circuitry of the eDRAM is built using IBM's high-performance 130 nm SOI logic process technology. Wafer fixable yield as high as 67% has been obtained for 524 Kb ADMs. In addition, 16 Mb product macros were built and found to be fully fixable, exhibiting retention time on the order of 80 ms. This technology allows a simple and low-cost integration of trench-based eDRAM with high-performance SOI logic for system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications.
Bringing Transgender Issues Into Management Education: A Call to Action

We call on management educators to better equip current and future managers and leaders to understand the experiences of transgender employees and address their unique needs in the workplace. We fi...
Amenities, Quality of Life, and Regional Development

There is an extensive literature in regional science focusing on economic and regional development in which the role of urban amenities and disamenities has been used to model quality of urban life. Modeling efforts for the most part have used secondary aggregate data and spatial econometric analysis. The chapter reviews that literature emphasizing the role that urban amenities/disamenities might play in influencing regional development and migration patterns.
Addressable Direct-Write Nanoscale Filament Formation and Dissolution by Nanoparticle-Mediated Bipolar Electrochemistry.

Nanoscale conductive filaments, usually associated with resistive memory or memristor technology, may also be used for chemical sensing and nanophotonic applications; however, realistic implementation of the technology requires precise knowledge of the conditions that control the formation and dissolution of filaments. Here we describe and characterize an addressable direct-write nanoelectrochemical approach to achieve repeatable formation/dissolution of Ag filaments across a ∼100 nm poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) film containing either Ag+ alone or Ag+ together with 50 nm Ag-nanoparticles acting as bipolar electrodes. Using a conductive AFM tip, formation occurs when the PEO film is subjected to a forward bias, and dissolution occurs under reverse bias. Formation–dissolution kinetics were studied for three film compositions: Ag|PEO-Ag+, Ag|poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer-PEO-Ag+, and Ag|poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer-PEO-Ag+/Ag-nanoparticle. Statistical analysis shows that the distribution of formation time...
Myocardial Viability and Imaging in the Failing Heart

Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy experience impaired left ventricular function, a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality related to heart failure. Yet left ventricular dysfunction in many patients with myocardial stunning or hibernation may be reversible. When viable myocardium is present, coronary revascularization can lead to functional recovery, improvement in symptoms, and prognosis. Knowing which patients will benefit from revascularization is, obviously, clinically important. Clinicians have a range of diagnostic testing options that identify the presence or absence of viable myocardium. This chapter describes the available viability testing options in detail, including their benefits and limitations. These testing options include echocardiography, dobutamine stress echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac computed tomography (CCT) imaging, and the current gold standard of delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DE-CMR). The value of myocardial viability testing in predicting outcomes after revascularization has also been evaluated in many small single-center studies—and looks promising—but needs continued research.
Improving a process to obtain hepatitis B serology among patients treated with infliximab at a large urban children's hospital.

Background Hepatitis B infection is a significant public health challenge despite improvements in vaccination efforts. Patients such as those on chronic immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or rheumatic disease may incur greater risk. The risk of reactivation of hepatitis B while on immunosuppressive therapy may have mortality rates up to 25%. These patients should be screened for acute or chronic infection and vaccinated if necessary. Our aim was to reliably complete hepatitis B screenings in patients receiving infliximab at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). Methods Eligible patients included all patients with gastroenterology (GI) IBD and rheumatology receiving infliximab between October 2015 and March 2016. Using quality improvement methodology and the ‘plan–do–study–act’ (PDSA) approach, interventions centred around education of clinical providers, previsit planning and the development of ‘talking points’ for patients. Results An initial screen of the IBD population revealed that 48% of the IBD patient population had been screened for anti-HBs alone, but no patients from GI or rheumatology divisions had a complete set of hepatitis B serology prior to the intervention including anti-Hep B Core and Hep B Surface Antigen. Seven PDSA cycles were performed during the 32-week intervention period, resulting in an increase in patients screened from 0% to ~85%. By March 2016, a total of 251 patients (201 GI, 50 rheumatology) had up-to-date hepatitis B serology screening. Automated ordering of the hepatitis B serology and ‘talking points’ for the provider had the greatest impact on successful screening. Conclusions We developed a method to obtain hepatitis B serology on at-risk patients on infliximab within two subspecialty divisions within a large children’s hospital. Next steps will be to develop a process to reliably provide vaccines for patients who are seronegative, expand this process to all patients who are identified as immunocompromised within GI and rheumatology and then expand this process to other divisions at the CCHMC.
Phase Variations in V.L.F. Propagation

Publisher Summary The study of the diurnal and other phase variations of v.l.f. signals is of considerable importance in several fields, namely, (1) frequency and time transmission, and long range navigational aids, and (2) studies of geophysical disturbances such as magnetic storms and solar flares. This chapter discusses the experimental work describing the variations in phase of v.l.f. signals received after ionospheric reflections at small and large distances. At all distances, regular systematic variations in phase occur, when the path changes from day to night, which are closely related to solar illumination. This diurnal change in phase can be interpreted as a variation in the effective height of reflection of the ionosphere. The magnitude of the diurnal phase change is large at small distances, apparently decreases to a minimum at distances of the order of 1000 km, and thereafter increases as the length of path going from daylight to dark increases. These diurnal changes can be interpreted in terms of waveguide mode theory.
Cooperation through communication: Teams and individuals in finitely repeated Prisoners’ dilemma games

Abstract For both two person teams and individuals unrestricted communication between opponents in a finitely repeated prisoner dilemma game results in stage-one cooperation rates of between 95–100%. Content analysis of between opponent communication focuses on the increased earnings cooperation can achieve, with minimal discussion of punishment for failing to cooperate. Restoring cooperation after an early stage-game defection typically requires compensating the aggrieved agent.
Volvulus of the cecum: report of a case.

A case of cecal volvulus is reported in which the diagnosis was made early and therapy was instituted quickly. Diagnosis in most cases can be made by consideration of characteristic clinical and roentgenologic features. Early diagnosis and operation are imperative if the mortality rate is to be held at an appropriate level. Although the mortality rate is still high, present day adjuncts to surgical management have reduced it to a much more desirable level. The advantages and disadvantages of cecopexy, cecostomy and resection have been summarized. Right hemicolectomy is becoming the treatment of choice and is supplanting the older and more conservative cecopexy and cecostomy.
Renal cell carcinoma: a review of biology and pathophysiology

Over the past decade, our understanding of the biology and pathophysiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved significantly. Insight into the disease process has helped us in developing newer therapeutic approaches toward RCC. In this article, we review the various genetic and immune-related mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and development of this cancer and how that knowledge is being used to develop therapeutic targeted drugs for the treatment of RCC. The main emphasis of this review article is on the most common genetic alterations found in clear cell RCC and how various drugs are currently targeting such pathways. This article also looks at the role of the immune system in allowing the growth of RCC and how the immune system can be manipulated to reactivate cytotoxic immunity against RCC.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient Treated with Cisplatin/Pemetrexed (P4.263)

Objective: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological syndrome characterized by key clinical and radiological findings. Here, we report a patient who developed PRES after being treated with two cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed for multifocal lung adenocarcinoma post-lobectomy. Background: NA Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A 57-year-old female with multifocal stage 2B adenocarcinoma of the lung s/p lobectomy and no history of epilepsy presented to our hospital because of 2 episodes of seizure. She had experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures, each lasting for a period of 2 minutes, which were accompanied by blurred vision and severe bifrontal headaches before and after seizure. Prior to admission, she was treated with 2 cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed separated by a period of 21 days. The onset of the seizure, headache, and blurred vision was 4 days after the second cycle. During admission, she was started on Keppra for seizure prophylaxis. Routine EEG was normal. MRI of the brain showed T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the posterior frontal and parietal lobes indicative of possible PRES. CSF analysis and cytology were normal. Cisplatin and pemetrexed were discontinued. An MRI of the brain performed 28 days after the initial MRI returned normal. Conclusions: There are only 7 reported cases of PRES resulting from combination treatment with pemetrexed and other chemotherapeutic agents. Methotrexate, a folate antagonist, is a noted cause of PRES and falls within the same drug class as pemetrexed. Pemetrexed is increasingly being used as monotherapy for several types of cancer. Because of the similar mechanisms of action of these antitumor agents, we emphasize that PRES should also be established as an adverse effect of pemetrexed. Study Supported by: NA Disclosure: Dr. Zhu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramaiah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramsey-Williams has nothing to disclose.
From semilocal density functionals to random phase approximation renormalized perturbation theory: A methodological assessment of structural phase transitions

The structural phase transitions of different materials, including metal to metal, metal to semiconductor, and semiconductor to semiconductor transitions, were explored using methods based on the random phase approximation. Transition pressures for Si, Ge, SiC, GaAs, ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$, Pb, C, and BN from their stable low-pressure phases to certain high-pressure phases were computed with several semilocal density functionals and from the adiabatic connection fluctuation-dissipation formulation of density functional theory at zero temperature. In addition to the random phase approximation (RPA), three approximate beyond-RPA methods were also investigated to determine the impact of exchange-correlation kernel corrections. Results at finite temperature were obtained with the inclusion of zero-point energy contributions from the phonon spectra. We find that including temperature effects is most important for systems with nearly degenerate phases such as for boron nitride and carbon. In combination with thermal corrections, the kernel-corrected correlation methods deliver high accuracy compared to experimental data and can serve as a useful benchmark method in place of more expensive correlated calculations.
Laboratory rearing and sex ratio of Apanteles opuntiarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an invasive species in North America, where it poses a threat to species of Opuntia Mill. of economic and ecological importance. The parasitoid Apanteles opuntiarum Martinez & Berta (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is currently under evaluation as a potential biological control agent. This study was conducted to develop a parasitoid rearing protocol, with special attention to laboratory sex ratio and the effects of inbreeding. The parasitoid rearing method used a natural cactus host diet for culture of the moths. Female wasps were mated with siblings, non-siblings, or a combination. Clutch size, clutch number, and offspring sex ratios were recorded. The effects of sibling mating on these factors were analyzed. Offspring of sibling-mated parasitoids exhibited a significant increase in female sex ratio. The rearing method produced 6 successive generations in captivity with no additional introductions of genetic material. Hence, the protocol appears suitable for long-term maintenance of quarantine colonies. The effects of inbreeding suggest that natural populations of A. opuntiarum are subject to local mate competition. Therefore, some amount of inbreeding is recommended for maintenance of an optimal sex ratio of A. opuntiarum in laboratory colonies.