cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Execution of dynamic maneuvers for unmanned ground vehicles using variable internal inertial properties

An Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) capable of executing controlled sliding and sharp turns without a significant decrease in velocity would have superior utility in field operations compared to a standard UGV. Such a vehicle would be better able to maneuver in tight corridors, avoid obstacles detected at short range, and minimize its time in dangerous situations. This paper presents theoretical analysis and experimental results of a UGV executing extreme dynamic maneuvers by altering its internal mass and inertial properties during locomotion. The behaviors are accomplished by shifting the location of the UGV's center of mass while executing a turn. This modifies the normal force acting on the wheels, which in turn modifies their maximum lateral traction forces.
A Standards-Based Theory of Judicial Review and the Rule of Law

The constitutionality of legislative preclusion of judicial review has received considerable attention from constitutional and administrative law scholars. We join this debate by proposing a new approach: a standards-based theory of judicial review based on two fundamental principles. First, whenever government officials make decisions involving the application of legal standards, the rule of law - and hence the rule of law safeguards of due process and judicial review - attach. Second, with the exception of those cases in which the Constitution itself contemplates standardless official discretion, legislative delegations of authority to government actors must contain legal standards that guide and control discretion. Because the availability of judicial review is tied to the existence of standards and standards are in most instances constitutionally required, the standards-based approach supports a broad right to Article III judicial review that would encompass most administrative decisions, including decisions concerning government benefits. We are not the first scholars to argue that the Constitution requires Article III review of government benefit decisions (or other agency action), but the standards-based approach offers a novel and, we believe, more coherent and workable approach to these fundamental constitutional issues. In support of these conclusions, we demonstrate how the Court's current approach to preclusion is plagued by doctrinal incoherence that ultimately permits Congress to curtail or dispense with this essential rule of law safeguard. We also explain how a standards-based approach can be reconciled with constitutional text and Supreme Court authority, noting in particular that Marbury v. Madison, the seminal opinion concerning the rule of law, indicates that Article III review of the government benefit decisions of the Executive Branch is constitutionally compelled.
Heat Stress Interactions with Protein Supplemental Fat, and Fungal Cultures

Cows that were subjected to hot environmental temperatures yielded less milk (3.1 kg/d) on a diet high in CP (18.4%) and of medium degradability (65%) than on diets high in CP of low degradability (59%) or medium in CP (16.1%). The high CP diets were associated with decreased DMI and higher water intake, ruminal NH4, and blood urea. Negative effects on yield from the high CP, medium degradability diet were not observed at moderate temperatures. Evaporative cooling of cows in hot weather resulted in a greater milk yield response to low versus medium rumen-undegradabale protein diets than for uncooled cows. Evaporative cooling of cows also affected response to protein quality. For cooled cows, high Lys diet (soybean, fish, and blood meals) increased milk yield 14% over that with low Lys diet (corn gluten meal), but, for uncooled cows, a high Lys diet only increased yield by 9%. Percentage of CP, degradability, and protein quality had no effect on body temperatures or respiration rates of lactating cows. Some, but not other, reports showed that supplementation of 2 to 2.5% fat to diets fed under hot summer conditions resulted in less yield response than when fat was added at moderate temperatures. In several studies, fungal cultures (3 to 5 g/d) in the diet decreased body temperatures and respiration rates in hot, but not cool, weather. Increased milk yields and cellulose digestibility also resulted from dietary fungal cultures in some, but not all, trials. The mechanism of action exerted by fungal cultures on body temperature and respiration rate is unclear.
Procurement Biopsies in Kidneys Retrieved for Transplantation

A shortage of deceased donor organs continues to be a persistent problem in kidney transplantation. The number of candidates on the waiting list continues to increase each year while organ donation rates remain flat. Importantly, many kidneys recovered for transplantation are discarded, and discard
Reconstructing New England salt marsh losses using historical maps

Analyses of habitat loss are often restricted to the past 75 years by the relative youth of aerial photography and remote sensing technologies. Although photographic techniques are highly accurate, they are unable to provide measurements of habitat loss prior to the 1950s. In this study, historical maps from the late 1700s and early 1800s covering portions of Rhode Islan, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine were used to approximate naturally occurring salt marsh cover in New England. Historical data was compared to current salt marsh coverage available in public geographic information system (GIS) data sets. The average loss in New England is estimated at 37% using this technique. Rhode Island has lost the largest proportion of salt marshes by state, a staggering 53% loss since 1832. Massachusetts has also experience large losses, amounting to a 41% loss of salt marsh since 1777. The Boston area alone has lost 81% of its salt marshes. Salt marsh loss was highly correlated with urban growth. Restoration and preservation efforts have resulted in the retention of salt marsh in less populated areas of New England. Although historical maps are difficult to verify, they represent an extremely valuable and underused data repository. Using historical maps to trace land use practices is an effective way to overcome the short-term nature of many ecological studies. This technique could be applied to other habitats and other regions, wherever accurate historical maps are available. Analysis of historic conditions of habitats can help conservation managers determine appropriate goals for restoration and management.
A diacylglycerol kinase modulates long-term thermotactic behavioral plasticity in C. elegans.

A memory of prior thermal experience governs Caenorhabditis elegans thermotactic behavior. On a spatial thermal gradient, C. elegans tracks isotherms near a remembered temperature we call the thermotactic set-point (TS). The TS corresponds to the previous cultivation temperature and can be reset by sustained exposure to a new temperature. The mechanisms underlying this behavioral plasticity are unknown, partly because sensory and experience-dependent components of thermotactic behavior have been difficult to separate. Using newly developed quantitative behavioral analyses, we demonstrate that the TS represents a weighted average of a worm's temperature history. We identify the DGK-3 diacylglycerol kinase as a thermal memory molecule that regulates the rate of TS resetting by modulating the temperature range of synaptic output, but not temperature sensitivity, of the AFD thermosensory neurons. These results provide the first mechanistic insight into the basis of experience-dependent plasticity in this complex behavior.
Protonic acid doping of two classes of the emeraldine form of polyaniline

Abstract We compare the HCl doping data for the two recently discovered classes of polyaniline. The EB-II-ES-II system was found to be more difficult to dope in the pH range 2–3 than the previously studied EB-I-ES-I system. We discuss the influence of the crystallinity of the sample on its doping behavior.
High-grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Present in a Single Biopsy Core is Associated With Increased Extraprostatic Extension, Seminal Vesicle Invasion, and Positive Surgical Margins at Prostatectomy

Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy in the United States, with an estimated 217,730 new cases and 32,050 deaths for 2010.1 About 80% of newly diagnosed patients present with localized disease (T1–2), and at this stage the 5-year survival rate is 100%.1 However, the presence of extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and positive surgical margins are associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer–specific death.2–5 Patients with localized disease are treated by radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or active surveillance, and treatment modalities are established based on several clinicopathologic features such as clinical stage, pathologic stage, histologic Gleason grade, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.6,7 Various studies have demonstrated a strong association between the percentage of biopsy cores with prostate cancer, tumor stage at prostatectomy, and biochemical recurrence.8–12 In addition, the presence of high-grade prostatic carcinoma in needle biopsies has been associated with an increased risk of extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomies.6,8,13–16 Nevertheless, there are limited studies to determine whether the presence of a single focus of high-grade prostatic carcinoma on a needle core biopsy carries the same aggressive implications. In this study, we evaluate the pathologic outcome at radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer present in only 1 needle biopsy core.
The complex Monge–Ampère equation on compact Kähler manifolds

We consider the complex Monge–Ampere equation on a compact Kahler manifold (M, g) when the right hand side F has rather weak regularity. In particular we prove that estimate of $${\triangle \phi}$$ and the gradient estimate hold when F is in $${W^{1, p_0}}$$ for any p 0 > 2n. As an application, we show that there exists a classical solution in $${W^{3, p_0}}$$ for the complex Monge–Ampere equation when F is in $${W^{1, p_0}}$$ .
Hippocampal gene expression changes underlying stress sensitization and recovery

Chronic and acute stressors have been linked to changes in hippocampal function and anxiety-like behaviors. Both produce changes in gene expression, but the extent to which these changes endure beyond the end of stress remains poorly understood. As an essential first step to characterize abnormal patterns of gene expression after stress, this study demonstrates how chronic restraint stress (CRS) modulates gene expression in response to a novel stressor in the hippocampus of wild-type mice and the extent to which these changes last beyond the end of CRS. Male C57/bl6 mice were subjected to (1) a forced swim test (FST), (2) corticosterone (Cort) or vehicle injections, (3) CRS for 21 days and then a FST, or (4) allowed to recover 21 days after CRS and subjected to FST. Hippocampal mRNA was extracted and used to generate cDNA libraries for microarray hybridization. Naive acute stressors (FST and vehicle injection) altered similar sets of genes, but Cort treatment produced a profile that was distinct from both FST and vehicle. Exposure to a novel stress after CRS activated substantially more and different genes than naive exposure. Most genes increased by CRS were decreased after recovery but many remained altered and did not return to baseline. Pathway analysis identified significant clusters of differentially expressed genes across conditions, most notably the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) validated changes from the microarrays in known stress-induced genes and confirmed alterations in the NF-κB pathway genes, Nfkbia, RelA and Nfkb1. FST increased anxiety-like behavior in both the naive and recovery from CRS conditions, but not in mice 24h subsequent to their CRS exposure. These findings suggest that the effects of naive stress are distinct from Cort elevation, and that a history of stress exposure can permanently alter gene expression patterns in the hippocampus and the behavioral response to a novel stressor. These findings establish a baseline profile of normal recovery and adaptation to stress. Importantly, they will serve as a conceptual basis to facilitate the future study of the cellular and regional basis of gene expression changes that lead to impaired recovery from stress, such as those that occur in mood and anxiety disorders.
Mutation In Vivo in Human Somatic Cells: Studies Using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

We review here our efforts to develop a direct mutagenicity test system for detecting somatic cell mutations occurring in vivo in man. Our specific goal is to provide a useful test for directly quantifying mutant cells in human blood samples.
Atomistic Simulations of Dilute Polyelectrolyte Solutions

The properties of short chains of poly-(styrene)-co-(styrene sulfonate) are studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. We study single 8-mers and 16-mers with two species of counterions, Na+ and Mg2+, and for various degrees of sulfonation, f. We find that single trajectories do not efficiently sample configurational space, even for fairly long 100-ns simulations, because of rotational barriers caused by nonbonded interactions. Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics (HREMD) simulations or averages over multiple trajectories are required in order to obtain equilibrium properties. A polystyrene sulfonate chain adopts collapsed conformations at low f, in which the sulfonate groups are located outside the globule and benzene rings form the inner region, and adopts extended conformations as f is increased. Interestingly, the pair correlation functions between side groups of polystyrene chains are not sensitive to f and species of counterion, i.e., the balance of elec...
Cumulative thermonuclear inertial reactor

In the last 60 years, the scientists spent tens of billion dollars attempting to develop useful thermonuclear energy. But they cannot yet reach a stable thermonuclear reaction. They still are promising publicly, after another 15–20 years, more tens of billions of US dollars to finally design the expensive workable industrial installation. The author offers a new, small, cheap cumulative inertial thermonuclear reactor, which increases the pressure and temperature of its nuclear fuel thousands of times, reaches the required ignition stage and, ultimately, full constant contained thermonuclear reaction. Cumulative reactor contains several innovations to achieve its product. It is safe and ecological. The author is aware that no cumulative pressure research was done anywhere else in the world, especially with additional rocket acceleration. The chief among them is using moving explosives (rocket thrust), which allows to accelerate the special piston to a very high speed (more 30 km/s) which (as it is shown by integral computations) compresses the fuel capsule a million times and heats up million degrees of temperature. The author gives detailed computations of the Lawson criterion. He shows the current conventional inertial laser method gives only 0.28 1 g/cm2). The offered method gives 585 > 1 of the needed Lawson criterion. The proposed method cannot only achieve but also significantly exceed the Lawson criterion. The experimental reactor is about a thousand times cheaper than a typical laser unit.
A KAP Survey of AIDS Among the Immigrant Women in Rural of Lianyungang City

Objective To master the immigrant women's knowledge,attitude on HIV for making the AIDS prevent and control measures. Method Using the random sampling method to select two townships in a county,and then a KAP survey was conducted among 997 immigrant women in two townships since 1990. Result 84.01% of 997 immigrant women were from Yunan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces; 84.71% aged in 21-40 years; 93.36% educated under 9 years. Immigrant women could understand three transmission vehicles of AIDS(through sex,using one syringe,and maternal to baby) for 79.18%,80.99% and 79.88% respectively. 57.85% of immigrant women felt horrified to be with AIDS. 67.81% wanted to get more knowledge of preventing the STD and AIDS. 12.78% had sex intercourse unmarriagedly,56.69% of them had sex intercourse using the condoms. Conclusion The rate of understanding the knowledge of AIDS transmission was higher among the immigrant women in rural in Lianyungang city,but some of them still had horrified feeling and discrimination on AIDS,and some had risk behaves. The immigrant women should be educated through many live propaganda methods for reducing the horrified feeling,discrimination,risk behaves and AIDS transmission.
Expression and Clinical Significance of Cyclin Kinase Inhibitor P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1) in Children with Acute Leukemia

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitor P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1)in children with acute leukemia and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 32 hospitalized children with acute leukemia(AL) were included in this study.Their bone marrow samples were collected before chemotherapy and individual patient was detected after complete remission(CR).The method of immunocytochemistry was used to estimate the expression of P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1).Both positive percentage and intensity of the cells were counted.Results Findings showed that the positive ratios of P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1) in total samples,ALL samples and AML samples were lower than the control group(P0.05).In positive cases,the percentage of P21~(WAF1) positive cells showed no difference in ALL and AML samples,while integral positive ratio in AML was lower than that in ALL.There was no difference in P27~(KIP1) integral positive cell ratio between ALL and AML.Some patients had CR after chemotherapy by follow-up survey and the proteins showed positive transformation or higher expression.Conclusions The study indicates that P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1) had a lower expression in the pediatric patients with leukemia,which might contribute to the pathogenesis and the progress of the leukemia.The follow-up study also suggest that P21~(WAF1),P27~(KIP1) may be a molecular marker for the evaluation of the chemotherapy treatment.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):146-148
Virological Diagnosis and Infections in Cells and Tissues

In this section we discuss practical approaches to the virological diagnosis of CMV, that is, the demonstration of CMV in clinical samples by isolation of the virus or demonstration of its nucleic acid or antigens in tissues and cells. Practical knowledge is emphasized. The scientific background of this material is found in other sections, especially from Chapters 2 to 4. Technical details are not presented fully but may be found in other texts (Reynolds et al., 1979b).
Role of Polyamines in the Regulation of Chromatin Acetylation

Changes in chromatin structure can affect gene transcription, cell proliferation, and differentiation (1). The structural remodeling of chromatin associated with gene expression is mediated in part by the coordinated targeting of various chromatin modifying enzymes to gene regulatory regions via recruitment by transcription factors and accessory proteins (2). The dynamic interplay between various classes of enzymes that acetylate/deacetylate, phosphorylate/dephosphorylate, and methylate/demethylate proteins determines the pattern of chemically modified amino acid residues in the N-terminal tail domains of the core histones that comprise nucleosomes. The specific pattern of histone modification, or “histone code,” is then interpreted by proteins that selectively bind to modified residues, providing a platform for the protein machinery responsible for establishing the chromatin into a transcriptionally silent or activated state (3,4).
Ductility and Fracture

Introduction Throughout history, there has been a never-ending effort to develop materials with higher yield strengths. However, a higher yield strengths is generally accompanied by a lower ductility and a lower toughness. Toughness is the energy absorbed in fracturing. A high-strength material has low toughness because it can be subjected to higher stresses. The stress necessary to cause fracture may be reached before there has been much plastic deformation to absorb energy. Ductility and toughness are lowered by factors that inhibit plastic flow. As schematically indicated in Figure 13.1, these factors include decreased temperatures, increased strain rates, and the presence of notches. Developments that increase yield strength usually result in lower toughness. In many ways, the fracture behavior of steel is like that of taffy candy. It is difficult to break a warm bar of taffy candy to share with a friend. Even children know that warm taffy tends to bend rather than break. However, there are three ways to promote its fracture. A knife may be used to notch the candy bar, producing a stress concentration. The candy may be refrigerated to raise its resistance to deformation. Finally, rapping it against a hard surface raises the loading rate, thus increasing the likelihood of fracture. Notches, low temperatures, and high rates of loading also embrittle steel. There are two important reasons for engineers to be interested in ductility and fracture. The first is that a reasonable amount of ductility is required to form metals into useful parts by forging, rolling, extrusion, or other plastic working processes.
Towards 10 meV resolution: The design of an ultrahigh resolution soft X-ray RIXS spectrometer

We present the optical design of the Centurion soft X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometer to be located on the SIX beamline at NSLS-II. The spectrometer is designed to reach a resolving power of 100 000 at 1000 eV at its best resolution. It is also designed to have continuously variable 2θ motion over a range of 112° using a custom triple rotating flange. We have analyzed several possible spectrometer designs capable of reaching the target resolution. After careful analysis, we have adopted a Hettrick-Underwood spectrometer design, with an additional plane mirror to maintain a fixed direction for the outgoing beam. The spectrometer can cancel defocus and coma aberrations at all energies, has an erect focal plane, and minimizes mechanical motions of the detector. When the beamline resolution is accounted for, the net spectral resolution will be 14 meV at 1000 eV. This will open up many low energy excitations to study and will expand greatly the power of soft X-ray RIXS.
N-Acylsaccharins as Amide-Based Arylating Reagents via Chemoselective N-C Cleavage: Pd-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Heck Reaction.

Palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative Heck reaction of amides by chemoselective N–C activation using N-acylsaccharins as coupling partners has been accomplished. These studies represent only the second example of amide-Heck reactions reported to date. A broad range of electronically diverse amide and olefin coupling partners is amenable to this transformation. Orthogonal site-selective Heck cross-couplings by C–Br/N–C cleavage and mechanistic studies are reported. This report introduces readily available, bench-stable, cheap, and benign N-acylsaccharins as aryl transfer reagents to access versatile aryl-metal intermediates.
Explaining Cyber Deviance among School-Aged Youth

With the increasing access to and ownership of computer-mediated devices among children and youth nowadays, it is important to understand the determinants associated with their participation in deviant activities online. The current study extends prior research by utilizing a South Korean adolescent sample and multivariate analyses in order to explore the theoretical and demographic correlates of multiple types of cyber deviance – media and software piracy, computer hacking, and online harassment. Findings reveal that low self-control and deviant peer association are related to specific forms of cyber deviance. Additionally, this study illustrates that while time spent online engaging activities is associated with youth participation in deviant behaviors online, smartphone ownership did not have an effect on their deviance. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Toll-Like Receptor-Stimulated CD14+ Monocytes Induce Soluble Factors That Activate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells To Inhibit T-Cell Alloreactivity.

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce soluble factors that inhibit T-cell proliferation and alloreactivity. We have previously shown that MSCs require activation by CD14+ monocytes in cell culture. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) critically modulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation, maturation and function. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether TLR agonists could enhance CD14-mediated MSC activation and subsequent MSC-mediated T-cell inhibition. TLR agonists and human IL-1β were used to stimulate CD14+ cells isolated from peripheral blood of normal donors. TLR agonists included formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan A strain (SAC, TLR-2), Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3Cys, TLR-2), Salmonella enteriditis lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR-4), and R848 (Resiquimod, TLR7/8) in complete RPMI media (heat-inactivated FBS, glutamine, and antibiotics). TLR-stimulated CD14+ cells and supernatants from TLR-stimulated CD14+ cells were then used to stimulate third- and fourth-passage human MSCs (CD45−CD105+CD90+CD80−CD73+HLA-I+) expanded from normal volunteer bone marrow aspirate specimens. After a 24-hour culture with stimulant cells or supernatants, stimuli were removed, MSCs were washed twice with sterile PBS, and then were cultured for an additional 24 h in FBS-free RPMI media. Supernatants from TLR-stimulated CD14+ cell cultures and from washed MSC cultures were used to measure cytokine and chemokine production and to inhibit T-cell alloreactivity using an established mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) IFN-γ ELISPOT. MLR was also performed in the presence of TLR agonists and media alone. TLR stimulation resulted in high-level soluble factor induction (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and RANTES) from CD14+ cells. For example, levels of inducible IL-6 measured in CD14+ cell culture supernatants following LPS, SAC and R848 stimulation were 5.2 (70.3 ± 26.2 ng/ml), 4.7 (64.1 ± 16.3 ng/ml), and 4.6 (63.4 ± 13.1 ng/ml)-fold higher than after IL-1β stimulation (13.7 ± 4.0 ng/ml) (Mean ± SEM, 4 independent experiments). Supernatants of TLR-stimulated CD14+ cells induced higher levels of soluble factors from MSCs than stimulation with CD14+ cells themselves, suggesting that soluble factors from CD14+ cells activate MSCs. Not all supernatants of TLR-stimulated CD14+ cells were similar in their capacity to activate MSC-mediated inhibition of T-cell alloreactivity. For example, supernatants of Pam3Cys-, R848- and SAC-stimulated CD14+ cells all induced high levels of TNF-α in washed MSC cultures; but only supernatant from Pam3Cys-stimulated CD14+ cells resulted in MSC-mediated inhibition of T-cell alloreactivity (63.7 ± 12.9 % inhibition, Mean ± SEM, 4 independent ELISPOTs). Ongoing studies are being performed to define these immunomodulatory factors. Together, these results suggest that ex vivo TLR stimulation enhances soluble factor production from CD14+ cells, which, in turn, increases MSC production of immunomodulatory factors that mediate inhibition of T-cell alloreactivity.
Outcomes of ultrasound-guided axillary lymph node sampling in the absence of primary breast cancer.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate outcomes of lymph node sampling in patients with suspicious axillary nodes without a diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and methods We retrospectively identified all axillary ultrasound-guided sampling performed at our institution from 2003 to 2016 in patients. without malignancy. Results Seventy-eight lymph nodes met inclusion criteria. Two of the 78 sampled nodes (2.6%) were malignant. Conclusion Sampling of suspicious nodes in patients without a history of breast cancer rarely yields malignancy. The malignancy rate approaches the 2% BIRADS 3 threshold. Further data may demonstrate that short-interval imaging follow-up is a safe alternative to sampling in this cohort.
Bacteria and the Fate of Estrogen in the Environment.

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Chen et al. (2017) report that 4-hydroxyestrone and pyridinestrone acid are intermediates in the 4,5-seco pathway of aerobic estrogen degradation by the bacterium Sphingomonas. The authors identify a gene for 4-hydroxyestrone 4,5-dioxygenase and find it to be widely distributed in diverse proteobacteria, suggesting that this pathway is environmentally significant.
A high-performance FPGA-based virtual anemometer for MPPT of wind energy conversion systems

This paper proposes a fast and compact implementation of a virtual anemometer on a low-cost Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform. Such an anemometer is to be used within Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) to perform Maximum Power Point Tracking in a non-iterative way, thus reducing dead time and increasing yield. The proposed virtual anemometer relies on a Growing Neural Gas (GNG) Artificial Neural Network with 512 neurons. A major effort is placed on hardware optimization, aiming to achieve the best compromise between computational speed and resource occupation. Furthermore, the slave SPI interface allows a fast communication with the main microcontroller on which the WECS control system is implemented. The resulting design is a high-performance virtual anemometer that can be embedded in WECS control systems with up to 100 kHz bandwidth. The device is designed, synthesized and implemented on a commercial FPGA. Several details of the implementation are discussed, and an experimental validation is performed using input profiles that have been acquired on the field for two different wind turbines.
Ideologías e identidades en el Léxico Judío Latinoamericano

Creado en 2013, el Lexico Judio Latinoamericano, “una base de datos colaborativa de palabras que usan los judios hispanohablantes de Latinoamerica y el Caribe, en la escritura y en el habla” (http://www.jewish-languages.org/lexico-judio-latinoamericano/welcome), propone, a proposito o no, la existencia de un grupo coherente de judios latinoamericanos. Basandose en las ideas de Benedict Anderson y Joshua Fishman sobre el rol del lenguaje en los proyectos nacionalistas, se puede decir que un diccionario desempena un papel especial en la creacion de identidades grupales. En cierto sentido, un diccionario valida, oficializa e institucionaliza la lengua de sus hablantes, en cierta manera representando y prescribiendo los usos del lenguaje y los habitos de comportamiento de sus locutores. El LJL no solo incluye vocablos de distintas regiones latinoamericanas y diferentes grupos judios sino tambien se arma de manera atipica: es un proyecto en desarrollo constante donde los usuarios presentan las entradas para ser incluidas. En este articulo, nos interesa examinar las consecuencias ideologicas de la composicion y de la constitucion del Lexico. Preguntaremos ?que perspectiva facilita plantear un pueblo judio latinoamericano y como influyen las identidades de los que encabezan el proyecto en las posibilidades simbolicas del Lexico? ?Cuales son los efectos de formar un artefacto de identidad grupal de forma supuestamente colaborativa? Finalmente, ?que pretende ser y que funciones quiere cumplir el Lexico Judio Latinoamericano?
HIV internalization into oral and genital epithelial cells by endocytosis and macropinocytosis leads to viral sequestration in the vesicles

Recently, we showed that HIV-1 is sequestered, i.e., trapped, in the intracellular vesicles of oral and genital epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of HIV-1 sequestration in vesicles of polarized tonsil, foreskin and cervical epithelial cells. HIV-1 internalization into epithelial cells is initiated by multiple entry pathways, including clathrin-, caveolin/lipid raft-associated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Inhibition of HIV-1 attachment to galactosylceramide and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and virus endocytosis and macropinocytosis reduced HIV-1 sequestration by 30-40%. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) were expressed on the apical surface of polarized tonsil, cervical and foreskin epithelial cells. However, TIM-1-associated HIV-1 macropinocytosis and sequestration were detected mostly in tonsil epithelial cells. Sequestered HIV-1 was resistant to trypsin, pronase, and soluble CD4, indicating that the sequestered virus was intracellular. Inhibition of HIV-1 intraepithelial sequestration and elimination of vesicles containing virus in the mucosal epithelium may help in the prevention of HIV-1 mucosal transmission.
The effect of farm expansion on Iowa-farmland-sale prices

Five hypotheses were put forth to explain the dominance of farm-expansion buyers in the farmland market. Those hypotheses were: economies of size, excess machinery, wealth, excess labor and quality of management. It was hypothesized that among farmland buyers, farm-expansion buyers are most likely to consider such factors in their bid price for land;Those five hypotheses have been suggested in the literature, but not all of them have been theoretically evaluated or empirically tested. Those hypotheses that have been tested, were tested by models using aggregate land value data, whereas a micro-land-price-data set of Iowa farmland sales was used in this study. From this data set, 128 observations were selected from the years 1975 to 1979 and were grouped by the six Iowa price-reporting districts;A linear regression model was constructed and estimated by using ordinary least squares to explain the variation in real sale price. Independent variables used to test the hypotheses were the inverse of total acres farmed, a dummy variable indicating excess machinery, acres owned times the real-average-county land value, a dummy variable indicating excess labor and the number of years of education and farm experience. Other independent variables were included to capture the effect of expected returns, location, land contracts, size of purchase and building value. The intercept was allowed to shift by year and price-reporting district. A second model replaced the inverse of total acres farmed, the economies of size variable, with horsepower per acre. A number of the variables had missing observations, which were replaced by the sample mean;The results indicate that approximately 54 percent of the variation in real sale price was explained by the two different versions of the model. All of the estimates had the hypothesized sign with the exception of years of experience. Of the variables used to capture the effect of the farm-expansion hypotheses, only the estimate for the horsepower per acre specification of the economies of size hypothesis was significant at the 5 percent level. Estimates for other variables that were significant were expected returns, size of purchase and distance to marketing center.
Effects of Classroom Technology Policies on Students' Perceptions of Instructors: What is Your Syllabus Saying about You?

The technology policies included on instructors' syllabi vary greatly and, in some cases, may unfavorably influence students' perceptions of the instructor. To examine this hypothesis, we randomly ...
A 3-to-40V V IN 10-to-50MHz 12W isolated GaN driver with self-excited t dead minimizer achieving 0.2ns/0.3ns t dead , 7.9% minimum duty ratio and 50V/ns CMTI

High-frequency (f SW ), wide-input (V IN ) power converters have gained increasing popularity in automotive applications due to the heightening demand for low profile, high power density and fast dynamic response [1]. To implement such converters, it is widely believed that Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology would replace conventional silicon technology in the future due to far-superior figures of merit (R DSON ×Q G ) [2,3]. Hence, there are urgent needs in developing compatible GaN driving techniques and circuits that enable high efficiency, high conversion ratio (CR) and high reliability power conversion at high f SW . Among many challenges in accomplishing these goals, gate driver dead-time (t dead ) control and ground-interference isolation require the most immediate attention.
Familial and Genetic Factors – Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disorder influenced by age, body weight, anatomic factors that influence upper airway patency, and physiological factors that impact neuromuscular control of the airway and influence ventilatory responses to loads. Many of the risk factors for OSA have been shown to, or are suspected to have a strong genetic basis. The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and associated symptoms such as snoring, day time sleepiness, and snorting show strong familial aggregation. Having a first-degree family member with OSA increases risk of OSA by ∼50%. Heritability estimates for the AHI are moderately high (0.30–0.40). Approximately 35% of the genetic variance in the AHI may be accounted for by genes that influence obesity (with 65% of the genetic variance likely due to genetic variants in other etiological pathways). A number of genetic association studies provide suggestive evidence for increased susceptibility to OSA in individuals who inherit genetic variants for genes in pathways associated with energy balance, inflammation, metabolism, craniofacial structure, and ventilatory control.
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test

The maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) is an objective measure of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Although the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) is the gold standard in objective measurements of EDS, the MSLT measures an individual's ability to fall asleep rather than the ability to stay awake. The MWT was developed because the ability to stay awake is more relevant to daily functioning. The testing for the MWT is very similar to the MSLT except the patient is asked to stay awake. The mean sleep latency is recorded and compared to normal values.
Mass Transfer of Gases to Growing Water Droplets

The absorption of gases by clouds, fogs and water droplets is a key step in the removal process for many trace gases in the atmosphere. The high acid content of rainfall in many industrial regions is attributed to the absorption of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Upon the release of fossil fuel stack gases, containing water vapor, which are rapidly cooled from 250°F to ambient temperatures, much of the associated oxides of sulfur and nitrogen is dissolved as the water is condensed upon suspended particles and the smoke plume is formed.
Transphobia in the bathroom: Sexual difference, alterity and jouissance

The rights of transgender people to use the bathroom of their choice is a matter of much debate, as reflected in multiple legal cases currently being bounced back and forth between the Supreme and lower courts in the U.S. Why does the figure of the trans person elicit anxiety, hatred, and aggression? The author investigates the reasons behind transphobia, or xenophobia against transgendered individuals, by using a Lacanian psychoanalytic approach. Jacques Lacan’s logic of the social bond, mirror stage, conceptions of jouissance, and sexuation formulae are taken up to shed light on transphobia in general and in particular how and why it is elicited at the site of the public bathroom.
A conceptual qualitative framework for assessing human systems engineering education outcomes and opportunities

Human systems engineering education seeks to infuse principles of applied psychology, cognitive science, human factors, and user-centered design into the engineering curriculum to help students und...
Screening for Prostate Cancer.

A.E., a 57-year-old black man, comes to your office for an annual visit. He has a history of diabetes mellitus, has never smoked, and has no family history of prostate cancer. He is current with preventive services, including screening for colorectal cancer and counseling for a healthy diet and physical activity, his diabetes is well controlled, and he has no concerning signs or symptoms.
Kernel Coherence Pursuit: A Manifold Learning-based Outlier Detection Technique

An efficient outlier detection method for manifold structures, termed Non-linear Coherence pursuit (NCoP), is presented. Inliers are assumed to be samples from a low-dimensional non-linear manifold, and thus should be highly coherent. Since outliers typically do not follow this structure, they are likely to have low mutual coherence with a large number of data points. A tailored notion of mutual coherence is introduced, and outliers are detected from inliers by comparing their total coherency values. We propose to utilize a well-suited measure of similarity using a radial basis kernel to capture nonlinear behaviors effectively. NCoP is remarkably simple, does not involve iterative algorithms, bears high ratios of outliers to inliers, and outperforms the state-of-the-art outlier detection methods for non-linear data patterns.
Solution Chemistry Modification within Corrosion-Fatigue Cracks

There exists in the literature several observations indicating that the electrolyte within corrosion-fatigue cracks can become modified relative to the bulk solution. Since the rate of fatigue-crack growth should depend upon electrolyte chemistry near the crack tip, it is important that the conditions under which such modification occurs and the role of influential variables be recognized. This paper represents an initial analysis of how fatigue variables might influence mixing between the crack and bulk solutions. The rationale considers that such mixing is governed primarily by net momentum of the periodically exhausted and ingested electrolyte. It is shown that this momentum should be directly proportional to the crack opening angle, cyclic frequency, and the cube of crack length. Decreasing mean stress also contributes to a momentum increase, with the latter becoming large for stress functions that result in crack closure during a portion of each cycle. Other factors which are considered include temperature, stress-wave form, specimen geometry, test method, and applied current density. The significance of the projected trends is discussed within the frame of commonly employed corrosion-fatigue test procedures.
Computational Geometry and Motion Approximation

This paper develops a geometric construction algorithm for designing a second order geometrically (G 2) continuous motion. It combines results in kinematics with the notion of geometric continuity from the field of Computer Aided Geometric Design and develops geometric conditions for piecing two motion segments smoothly. A complete algorithm is presented for constructing a G 2 continuous piecewise Bezier type motion. The results have applications in mechanical systems animation, computer vision, robot trajectory planning and key framing in computer graphics.
Moving towards universal health coverage: advanced practice nurse competencies.

Objetivo: o objetivo deste artigo e descrever a primeira fase de um projeto que teve como finalidade geral desenvolver um conjunto de competencias de praticas avancadas de enfermagem baseadas em consenso aplicaveis em paises da America Latina e, usando tais competencias, produzir um prototipo curricular de praticas avancadas de enfermagem a serem adaptadas em paises da America Latina. O projeto foi enquadrado em uma abordagem baseada em competencias para o ensino de praticas avancadas de enfermagem. Os objetivos especificos da primeira fase do projeto descritos neste artigo foram: 1) identificar um conjunto de competencias em enfermagem para praticas avancadas que serviriam como modelo para as Competencias Essenciais de Enfermeiros de Praticas Avancadas em paises da America Latina e 2) estabelecer um consenso sobre Competencias Essenciais de Enfermeiros de Praticas Avancadas em paises da America Latina. Metodo: as competencias de enfermeiros de praticas avancadas foram derivadas de uma revisao abrangente das competencias publicadas e informaram o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa projetada para avaliar a relevância das competencias de enfermeiros de praticas avancadas nos paises da America Latina. A pesquisa foi distribuida entre enfermeiros lideres e enfermeiros educadores. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatistica descritiva. Resultados: foi estabelecido um consenso sobre Competencias Essenciais. Conclusao: apresentam-se as Competencias Essenciais de Enfermeiros de Praticas Avancadas que podem fornecer um quadro estruturado para construir programas educacionais alinhados com as necessidades do ambiente regional.
FPCAS: In-Memory Floating Point Computations for Autonomous Systems

Autonomous systems e.g., cars and drones generate vast amount of data from sensors that need to be processed in timely fashion to make accurate and safe decisions. Majority of these computations deal with Floating Point (FP) numbers. Conventional Von-Neumann computing paradigm suffers from overheads associated with data transfer. In-memory computing (IMC) can solve this challenge by processing the data locally. However, in-memory FP computing has not been investigated before. We propose F P arithmetic (adder/subtractor and multiplier) using Resistive RAM (ReRAM) crossbar based IMC. A novel shift circuitry is proposed to lower the shift overhead inherently present in the FP arithmetic. The proposed single precision FP adder consumes 335 pJ and 322 pJ for NAND-NAND and NOR-NOR based implementation for addition/subtraction, respectively. The proposed adder/subtractor improves latency, power and energy by 828X, 3.2X, and 3.7X, respectively, compared to MAGIC [1]. Furthermore, the proposed multiplier reduces energy per operation by 1.13X and improves performance by 4.4X compared to ReVAMP [2].
How the Beneficial Effects of Alvimopan Differ With Surgical Approach for Radical Cystectomy

Abstract Objective To assess whether the beneficial perioperative effects of alvimopan differ with surgical approach for patients who undergo open radical cystectomy (ORC) vs robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Methods This retrospective study reviewed all patients who underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at our institution between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2018. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, surgical approach, alvimopan therapy, hospital length of stay (LOS), days until return of bowel function (ROBF), and complications. Outcomes and interactions were evaluated through regression analysis. Results Among 573 patients, 236 (41.2%) underwent RARC, 337 (58.8%) underwent ORC, and 205 (35.8%) received alvimopan. Comparison of 4 cohorts (ORC with alvimopan, ORC without alvimopan, RARC with alvimopan, and RARC without alvimopan) showed that patients who underwent ORC without alvimopan had the highest rate of postoperative ileus (25.6%, P = .02), longest median hospital LOS (7 days, P Conclusion We observed a diminished beneficial effect of alvimopan among patients undergoing RARC and a statistically significant benefit of alvimopan among patients undergoing ORC. The implications of these findings may permit more selective medication use for patients who would benefit the most from this drug.
The role of atomic carbon in directing electrochemical CO(2) reduction to multicarbon products

Electrochemical reduction of carbon-dioxide/carbon-monoxide (CO(2)R) to fuels and chemicals presents an attractive approach for sustainable chemical synthesis, but it also poses a serious challenge in catalysis. Understanding the key aspects that guide CO(2)R towards value-added multicarbon (C2+) products is imperative in designing an efficient catalyst. Herein, we identify the critical steps toward C2 products on copper through a combination of energetics from density functional theory and micro-kinetic modeling. We elucidate the importance of atomic carbon in directing C2+ selectivity and how it introduces surface structural sensitivity on copper catalysts. This insight enables us to propose two simple thermodynamic descriptors that effectively identify C2+ selectivity on metal catalysts beyond copper and hence it defines an intelligible protocol to screen for materials that selectively catalyze CO(2) to C2+ products.