cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of labor.

Induction of labor constitutes the initiation of regular uterine contractions for the purpose of effecting delivery before spontaneous labor begins. It should not be confused with augmentation of labor, which may constitute a method or series of methods that are applied to effect vaginal delivery after spontaneous labor has occurred. Although techniques may be similar in both situations, it is important to differentiate these two procedures to provide a rational scientific basis toward a safe delivery process ensuring maximum health to both mother and baby. A quote from Munro Kerr in 1908 serves to show the dilemma that clinicians face: "What strikes one in reading the literature on this subject of artificial termination of pregnancy is the great difference of opinion expressed by obstetricians, especially the extreme position many of them take up with regard to the several indications, and how often apparent inconsistency is evidence-extreme license being allowed for one condition, and equally extreme restrictions being laid down for another."1 This quotation is as true in 1997 as it was for obstetricians in past generations. It is apparent that many of today's techniques for induction of labor also have been described during the last 200 years (see Table 1).1 In the following summary, the induction of labor will be discussed within the modern context to consider elective vs. indicated induction, currently accepted methods of labor induction, which include respective success rates, and complications of labor induction. Because obstetric practice varies from community to community, the acceptance of various contemporary techniques also varies. It is not our intention to suggest that there are limited "right ways" to accomplish the task. Rather, an accepted variety of techniques will be presented with the underlying purpose of the discussion to show those techniques that are both efficacious and safe for the mother and neonate. An emphasis will be placed on scientific information, which substantiates a rational approach to the induction of labor, according to the information known from contemporary scientific underpinnings.
Wetting of mullite by Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 and B2O3–SiO2 glasses

The wetting of mullite (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) by a Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 (YAS) glass and by a B2O3–SiO2 (borosilicate) glass was investigated in air as a function of temperature through a sessile drop technique. The wetting behavior was found to be strongly dependent on the glass composition and on the temperature. For the YAS glass, the contact angle showed a rapid decrease from 100° to 20° in the temperature range of 1400 to 1450 °C followed by a more gradual decrease to a value of 10–15° at approximately 1600 °C. In the case of the borosilicate glass, the change in the contact angle with temperature was more uniform, with the value decreasing from 100° to 45° between 1300 and 1600 °C. Microstructural observations of the interfacial region between the solidified sessile drop and the mullite substrate revealed significant corrosion of the interface and penetration into the mullite grain boundaries by the YAS glass. In the case of the borosilicate glass, corrosion was limited and the interface was clearly defined. The consequences of the data for the design of in situ toughened mullite are discussed.
Advance in the Research of Benzoxazines of High Property

The modification of benzoxazines is reviewed in this paper.And benzoxazines were modified by molecule design,blending with other polymers,and adding nanometer or fiber to improving the heat resistance or toughness.Moreover,other modified researches of benzoxaines in interlayer dielectric materials,insulation material,copper clad laminate,flame retardant material and electronic packaging material are introduced.
Trajectory Optimization of Prompt Space Reentry Strike Vehicle

A method was proposed for the trajectory optimization of prompt reentry strike vehicle.In this method,the model of prompt reentry strike vehicle was established with earth-rotating considered,based on standard atmosphere model and numerical aerodynamic model.The trajectory was divided into boost phase and glide phase,which were optimized respectively and the optimal trajectory was obtained.An example shows that the optimal trajectory has about 7% improvement in range over the maximum lift-to-drag ratio trajectory.Therefore this method is feasible and effective for the optimization of prompt reentry trajectory.
Is Place a Text

Textuality is a central feature of much hermeneutics, and is implicit in much analysis of place from a hermeneutical point of view, but has not often been analyzed. This chapter considers the usefulness and limits of the metaphor of text for place. While there is no doubt that our engagement with place can be textualized, it is useful to a hermeneutics of place to hold the metaphor of textuality in abeyance and consider what other forms of meaning or its lack or absence might arise with the use of other metaphors. I consider other metaphors, specifically place as body, place as scene, place as image/visuality, and place as haunting, to try to highlight aspects of place that might be easy to overlook if we take the text to be the act of understanding itself rather than a metaphor with its own provenance and horizons.
Results from the Field: Development and Evaluation of a Psychiatry Residency Training Rotation in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies.

The goal of this project was to develop and evaluate a new residency training rotation focused on cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) and to assess outcomes across multiple domains. Data are presented from 30 psychiatry residents. Primary learning-related outcomes included content knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes and behavioral intentions towards evidence-based psychotherapies (e.g., CBT). Residents reported significant increases in CBT knowledge, CBT-specific self-efficacy, overall psychotherapy self-efficacy, belief in patient benefit from CBT, and behavioral intention to use CBT. However, there were almost no changes in attitudes towards evidence-based practice more broadly, with one significant finding showing an increase in skepticism towards such practices. This empirically based example of training program development, implementation, and evaluation appears largely successful and represents one approach for addressing the CBT competency goals outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and Milestone Project Guidelines. Despite these initial, positive findings, conclusions should be tempered by limitations of the project design (e.g., the lack of comparison group, absence of objective measures of resident behavioral change, or assessment of the effect of such changes on patient outcomes). Findings highlight the need for continued development and evaluation of training methods in CBT for residency programs.
Doppler weather radar detects emigratory flights of noctuids during a major pest outbreak

Abstract An outbreak of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)), cabbage looper, (Trichoplusia ni (Hubner)), and other noctuid pests devastated cotton production in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, TX, in 1995. Major infestations occurred later in the year several hundred kilometers away in other cotton production areas in Texas and Oklahoma, but information is lacking to connect regional infestations by these migratory pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of WSR-88D Doppler weather radar in locating and monitoring pest emigration from severely infested areas. Maximum radar reflectivity identified possible source areas in the vicinity of major infestations in cotton by beet armyworms and cabbage loopers that had been reported in Willacy County, TX. Areas of maximum clear-air radar reflectivity 13.5–16.5 dBZ) appeared approximately 0.5 h after sunset and displaced downwind toward susceptible cotton production regions in the Winter Garden and Southern Rolling Plains of west-central TX. Our results suggest that WSR-88D weather radar data may be useful in the development of crop pest advisories that estimate the timing, intensity, and displacement of insect migration flights, especially with recent enhancements in timely public access to WSR-88D radar data and radar data processing and analysis software.
Neoliberal democratisation, colonial legacies and the rise of the non-state provision of social welfare in West Africa

ABSTRACTThis article explores the rise of the non-state provision of social welfare in West Africa. Over the past three decades, a range of non-state actors, including secular non-governmental organisations, faith-based organisations, for-profit businesses and informal networks have provided access to basic social services such as education and health care even more extensively than states. The article asks: why has the number of non-state providers increased so markedly across Africa, and why do the predominant types of non-state providers vary in different countries? The author argues that neoliberal democratisation during the 1980s and 1990s created new opportunities and spaces for non-state providers. Yet, an analysis of Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire and Liberia shows that colonial legacies have mediated the numbers and types of non-state actors on the ground. The conclusion highlights how this growth in non-state provision has significant negative consequences for citizens’ ability to obtain equitable access ...
Sulfonated resorcinol-formaldehyde microspheres as high-capacity regenerable adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes from water

Abstract In this study, the preparation of sulfonated resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF-SO 3 H) microspheres having high adsorption capacity towards organic dyes is reported. The ability for facile regeneration of the RF-SO 3 H microspheres is also demonstrated, which may allow for the re-use of the adsorbent as well the re-utilization of the dyes. The RF-SO 3 H microspheres exhibited high adsorption capacity towards the anionic and cationic organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) from the water. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was measured to be 710 mg/g and 511 mg/g towards MO, and MB, respectively. The effect of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of dyes was analyzed and shown that the adsorption capacity for MO increases in acidic pH and vice versa for MB. The adsorption of MO and MB from tap water was also performed and shown to maintain similar adsorption capacity as in the deionized water. In addition, a packed glass column was prepared to demonstrate the continuous adsorption of MO and MB under flow conditions. Regeneration of the column was achieved by using organic solvents and it was demonstrated that the adsorbent not only recovered but also increased its adsorption capacity after every time it was regenerated.
Towards a needle-free diagnosis of malaria: in vivo identification and classification of red and white blood cells containing haemozoin

Optical detection of circulating haemozoin has been suggested as a needle free method to diagnose malaria using in vivo microscopy. Haemozoin is generated within infected red blood cells by the malaria parasite, serving as a highly specific, endogenous biomarker of malaria. However, phagocytosis of haemozoin by white blood cells which persist after the infection is resolved presents the potential for false positive diagnosis; therefore, the focus of this work is to identify a feature of the haemozoin signal to discriminate between infected red blood cells and haemozoin-containing white blood cells. Conventional brightfield microscopy of thin film blood smears was used to analyse haemozoin absorbance signal in vitro. Cell type and parasite maturity were morphologically determined using colocalized DAPI staining. The ability of features to discriminate between infected red blood cells and haemozoin-containing white blood cells was evaluated using images of smears from subjects infected with two species of Plasmodium, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium falciparum. Discriminating features identified by blood smear microscopy were characterized in vivo in P. yoelii-infected mice. Two features of the haemozoin signal, haemozoin diameter and normalized intensity difference, were identified as potential parameters to differentiate infected red blood cells and haemozoin-containing white blood cells. Classification performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, with area under the curve values of 0.89 for the diameter parameter and 0.85 for the intensity parameter when assessed in P. yoelii samples. Similar results were obtained from P. falciparum blood smears, showing an AUC of 0.93 or greater for both classification features. For in vivo investigations, the intensity-based metric was the best classifier, with an AUC of 0.91. This work demonstrates that size and intensity features of haemozoin absorbance signal collected by in vivo microscopy are effective classification metrics to discriminate infected red blood cells from haemozoin-containing white blood cells. This reduces the potential for false positive results associated with optical imaging strategies for in vivo diagnosis of malaria based on the endogenous biomarker haemozoin.
Haack on Justification and Experience

Evidence and Inquiry1 is a wonderfully rich and insightful book. It contains compelling analyses and critiques of a wide variety of epistemological and anti-epistemological views pertaining to empirical knowledge, including recent versions of foundationalism and coherentism, Popper's "epistemol ogy without a knowing subject", Quine's naturalized epistemology, Gold man's reliabilism, the scientistic views of Stich and the Churchlands, and the "vulgar pragmatism", as Haack quite appropriately refers to it, of Rorty and the more recent Stich. All of this material is valuable, and much of it seems to me entirely decisive. In particular, the critical discussion of reliabilism is by far the best and most complete in the literature; and the analysis and refutation of the various recent efforts to evade or dismiss the traditional epistemological projects and issues is nothing short of devas tating. Indeed, it is its resolute refusal to be diverted from the pursuit of the traditional epistemological issues that seems to me the most valuable feature of the book. In this spirit, while applauding Haack's demolition of the various anti epistemological views ? it was dirty work, but someone had to do it I will focus here on her discussions of the views that attempt to solve rather than dissolve the traditional epistemological issues concerning empirical knowledge. I will begin by considering Haack's critique of recent versions of coherentism and foundationalism. I will then turn to a more extended exposition and evaluation of her own proposed third alternative, which she dabsfoundherentism.
Privacy Preserving Record Linkage Using MetaSoundex Algorithm

Integration of records referring to same entity aids to the resolution of conflicting data values, improves the quality of data, and facilitates sophisticated analysis in data mining. Frequently, record linkage includes integration of sensitive data, which invades personal privacy of an individual. As a result, privacy preserving record linkage (PPRL) has become the prime importance in matching and integrating records in Data Assurance/Security field. Encoding using phonetic codes for preserving privacy is one of the prominent approaches in record linkage techniques. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid protocol, known as MetaSoundex, for achieving privacy preserving record linkage using phonetic encoding. The experiments proved that the proposed technique has higher accuracy in record linkage than the widely-known phonetic matching technique, Soundex.
The Current Status of Hybrid Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms

The management of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) remains a significant challenge for vascular and cardiovascular specialists involved in the treatment of complex aortic disease. Until recently, open repair with visceral and intercostal reimplantation, along with adjunctive measures to decrease the incidence of spinal chord ischemia, was the only interventional option available to treat these patients (Fig. 26.1). The commercial availability of thoracic aortic stent grafts has now allowed the possibility of using endovascular techniques to treat this complex anatomy.
12 – WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION

Water functions as a hydraulic agent in maintenance of turgor or turgor pressure in the plant's cells, allows for expansive growth, is a biochemical reactant in photosynthesis and other important metabolic reactions, a solvent and an agent of transport for all substances moving into and through the plant, and is the primary structural filler of plant-cell protoplasm. Water also functions as a thermal buffer and, through transpiration, as an evaporative cooling agent. Water is the factor that limits plant growth in many parts of the world. Soils may be high in nutrients and salts may be below the critical range for plant growth, but without sufficient water, crop growth is reduced or prevented. As water becomes limiting, photosynthesis is reduced and, in turn, growth and development of plants are affected. Eventually, respiration is also reduced. To alleviate or eliminate water stress in crop production, many arid and semiarid areas of the world have developed extensive and elaborate irrigation systems.
The Eulerian distribution on involutions is indeed $\gamma$-positive

Let $\mathcal I_n$ and $\mathcal J_n$ denote the set of involutions and fixed-point free involutions of $\{1, \dots, n\}$, respectively, and let $\text{des}(\pi)$ denote the number of descents of the permutation $\pi$. We prove a conjecture of Guo and Zeng which states that $I_n(t) := \sum_{\pi \in \mathcal I_n} t^{\text{des}(\pi)}$ is $\gamma$-positive for $n \ge 1$ and $J_{2n}(t) := \sum_{\pi \in \mathcal J_{2n}} t^{\text{des}(\pi)}$ is $\gamma$-positive for $n \ge 9$. We also prove that the number of $(3412, 3421)$-avoiding permutations with $m$ double descents and $k$ descents is equal to the number of separable permutations with $m$ double descents and $k$ descents.
On the domination number of permutation graphs and an application to strong fixed points

Abstract A permutation graph G π is a simple graph with vertices corresponding to the elements of π and an edge between i and j when i and j are inverted in π . A set of vertices D is said to d o m i n a t e a graph G when every vertex in G is either an element of D , or adjacent to an element of D . The domination number γ ( G ) is defined as the cardinality of a minimum dominating set of G . A strong fixed point of a permutation π of order n is an element k such that π − 1 ( j ) π − 1 ( k ) for all j k , and π − 1 ( i ) > π − 1 ( k ) for all i > k . In this article, we count the number of connected permutation graphs on n vertices with domination number 1 and domination number n 2 . We further show that for a positive integer k ≤ n 2 , there exists a connected permutation graph on n vertices with domination number k . We find a closed expression for the number of permutation graphs dominated by a set with two elements, and we find a closed expression for the number of permutation graphs efficiently dominated by any set of vertices. We conclude by providing an application of these results to strong fixed points, proving some conjectures posed on the OEIS.
Hearing Distressing Voices Simulation: Students’ Perspectives

The aim of this qualitative study was to describe nursing students’ experiences of hearing distressing voices through content analysis of essays regarding changes they encountered during simulation...
Icons of Horror: Three Enduring Images from the Vietnam War

Three photographs have helped create the collective memory of the Vietnam War. “The Burning Monk” came at a time when the United States’ involvement in Vietnam was just gaining momentum, but it put the conflict on the front pages of America’s newspapers. The “Saigon Execution” photo was made at the height of America’s military involvement, and its purported effect, especially as an anti-war text, grew to almost mythic proportions. “The Terror of War” was published as U.S. troops were being withdrawn from Vietnam, but it served as a reminder of the cost of Vietnam’s ongoing civil war — and of all wars. Each image in its own way focused attention on Vietnam, and each has lived on in the history of the war and of photojournalism.
The Future of IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is infiltrating many businesses. It provides simple means to collect and analyze technical system data to identify and optimize the performance of many things in our private and work lives. This technical revolution is also revealing new challenges and issues with our current IoT technologies. New solutions like Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain or 5G promise to overcome these challenges. Within this paper we discuss with leading experts the pros and cons of these technologies and what it means for the future IoT business.
An analysis of costs associated with shoulder arthroplasty.

Background The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with variation in direct costs with shoulder arthroplasty. Methods This was a retrospective study of all shoulder arthroplasties performed at a single facility between July 1, 2011, and November 30, 2016. We collected patient factors, indications, procedure (including implant details), implant brand (A, B, and other), and complications. We collected direct costs over a 90-day period using a validated internal tool. We identified patient and procedure characteristics associated with costs using multivariable generalized linear models. Results A total of 361 patients were included, 19% with revision arthroplasty procedures, 32% with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties, and 66% with reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (RTSAs). Of total costs, 13% were operative facility utilization costs and 58% were operative supply costs. Factors associated with increased total cost included younger age (P = .002) and an indication for surgery of other, that is, not osteoarthritis, a failed arthroplasty, or the sequelae of a rotator cuff tear (P = .030). Factors associated with increased operative costs included younger age (P = .002), use of an RTSA (P Conclusion Most short-term (90-day) costs with shoulder arthroplasty are operative costs. Nonmodified factors associated with increased cost included younger age and less common indications for surgery, whereas potentially modifiable factors included the intraoperative use of a bone graft, implant brand, and RTSA use.
Characterizing the Unmet Mental Health Needs of Urban Adolescents

Background Untreated mental illness among adolescents is a serious public health concern. This study offers a classification tool for mental illness based on severity and identifies a starting point for needed interventions. Methods We assessed the prevalence and severity of serious emotional disturbances (SED)/serious mental illnesses (SMI) among transition-aged adolescents in an urban primary care practice and identified those with unmet needs. Medical records were abstracted for 16-22 year-old patients with at least one International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 diagnosis of serious emotional disturbances (SED)/serious mental illnesses (SMI) seen between May 1, 2014 and July 31, 2015. The primary outcome was whether 16-22 year-old patients with serious emotional disturbances (SED)/serious mental illnesses (SMI) diagnoses were connected to mental health care and associated factors including severity of mental illness, provider referral and psychotropic medication use. Results We identified 546 patients with a mean age of 18.8 years [standard deviation (SD) ± 1.7]. Ninety percent were African American and 86% were publicly insured. Based on the illness severity criteria, 189 (35%) were categorized as "mild", 293 (54%) as "moderate" and 64 (12%) as "severe". The majority (n = 460, 84.3%) had a mental health referral, but only 219 (40%) were connected to care. Adolescents aged 18-22 had 48% fewer odds to be connected to care compared to those aged 16-17 (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.80; p-value = 0.003). Conclusions There is a gap in mental health services among a sample of minority adolescents in an urban environment with mental health needs. The gap is especially prevalent among older adolescents aging out of the pediatric system. Primary care providers (PCPs) are central to ensuring access to treatment, though they may be unable to meet the needs of patients with severe forms of serious emotional disturbances (SED)/serious mental illnesses (SMI). Our study characterizes the mental health needs of minority adolescents by severity and offers direction for identifying those who would most benefit from additional resources and support.
Gene expression profiling to identify mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity

With the advent of sequence information for entire mammalian genomes, it is now possible to analyze gene expression and gene polymorphisms on a genomic scale. We have used cDNA microarrays to define the testicular transcriptomes of mice and humans and develop microarrays appropriate for monitoring testicular gene expression. Profiling gene expression in the testis of fertile, subfertile, and infertile mice and humans has been used to highlight genes critical to fertility and responsive to toxicant exposures. Gene expression profiling offers the ability to identify pre-clinical effects of exposure and provide mechanistic data useful for risk assessments, and could ultimately provide a vehicle for developing early diagnostic and preventative measures in at-risk populations or individuals. In animal models, we have used DNA microarrays to identify toxicant mode-of-action as indicated by effects on gene expression relevant to testis histopathology and fertility. After a series of experiments utilizing commercial human and mouse arrays defined the testis transcriptome and identified gene expression changes linked to fertility, we selected 950 mouse genes and created a custom cDNA microarray focused on testicular gene expression. This array has been used to characterize testicular gene expression following exposure of mice to the water disinfectant by-product bromochloroacetic acid in a regimen that induces subfertility at the higher doses. This type of toxicogenomic data has already provided mechanistic data useful for identifying toxicant mode-of-action. In future studies we plan to identify common changes in gene expression between chemicals, tissues, strains and species in order to characterize cumulative and aggregate risks and assist harmonized non-cancer and cancer risk assessments.
Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft Occlusion After Left Subclavian Bypass.

Abstract Cardiogenic shock is a severe, often fatal presentation of acute myocardial infarction. This report presents an unusual case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with left internal mammary artery occlusion occurring after instrumentation of the left subclavian artery as part of planned repair of a complex aortic aneurysm. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Advantages of Radiation Therapy Simulation with 0.35 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stereotactic Ablation of Spinal Metastases.

Abstract The hybrid 0.35T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiation therapy system functions in part as a simulation platform for treatment planning. We have found that the images generated are particularly helpful for planning of stereotactic radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Advantages include the following: (1) Low-field MRI mitigates magnetic susceptibility artifacts caused by spinal hardware. (2) Volumetric pulse sequence provides isotropic images for improved target delineation. (3) Wide-bore MRI in the radiation oncology department allows for easy simulation in treatment position for accurate fusion across imaging modalities. (4) When patients are treated on the MRI and radiation therapy hybrid device, adaptive radiation therapy is available for special situations to avoid mobile organs at risk.
Creation of a Clinical Decision-Support Tool for Assigning Occupational Disability to United States Air Force Personnel

Abstract Occupational dispositions (profiles) are the top reason active duty service members are not medically ready to deploy or fulfill their job responsibilities. An audit across multiple U.S. Air Force (AF) medical treatment facilities revealed significant shortcomings in how medical providers assign profiles. We aimed to create a predictive model and a decision-support tool that estimates profile duration. Using retrospective profiles (n=1,546,805) from the Aeromedical Services Information Management System between 1 Feb 2007 and 31 Jan 2017, we built and validated a decision-support tool that estimates profile length. Multivariate quantile regressions (n=2,575) were performed across five quantiles and six levels of diagnostic specificity for every diagnostic code with 2,100 or more observations. The models universally estimated profile duration with very poor accuracy (pseudoR2 0.000 to 0.168); however, predictive ability was directly correlated with quantile level with minimal variation by diagnostic specificity. Age, O4 to O6+ ranks, very heavy job class, and co-morbid conditions were all significant in more than 25.0% of regressions down all levels of diagnostic specificity. Age, co-morbid conditions, E7-E9 ranks, O4 to O6+ ranks, and light job class all added days to profile duration while E1 to E4 ranks, heavy, and very heavy job class subtracted days. While this study failed to produce an accurate tool, several findings, the indirect correlation between profile duration and very heavy job class and the assignment of durations based on convenient calendar times, warrant further investigation. For now, providers may consult existing decision-support tools when building profiles for AF service members, heeding attention that they were built with non-representative civilian populations. Disclaimer The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government.
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Toupet Fundoplication for Achalasia.

Achalasia manifests as failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter resulting in dysphagia. Although there are several medical and endoscopic treatment options, laparoscopic Heller myoto...
First clinical experience with single-port robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery (SP rTAMIS) for benign rectal neoplasms.

The new da Vinci Single-Port (SP) robot is a single-arm four-channel robotic system well suited for endoluminal surgery. We report our initial experience performing SP robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery (SP rTAMIS) for rectal neoplasms. Under Institutional Review Board approval, two patients with rectal neoplasms were prospectively enrolled for elective SP rTAMIS. The primary endpoint was to report the safety and feasibility of successful procedure completion with the SP robot. Secondary endpoints included patient characteristics and perioperative metrics. Both patients underwent successful SP rTAMIS resection of rectal neoplasms without intraoperative complications or conversions. The lesions were 4.0 cm and 3.0 cm in size, located 6 cm and 7 cm cephalad to the anorectal ring. Excisions were full thickness with no piecemeal extractions or specimen fragmentation. Estimated blood loss was 0 mL and 30 mL. The mean excised area was 13.4 cm2 (22.7 cm2 and 9.0 cm2). The mean docking time was 5.25 min (range 2–8 min) and mean console time was 122.5 min (98 min and 147 min). Patients tolerated a liquid diet on postoperative day (POD) 0 and were discharged on POD 1 after tolerating a low residue diet and having bowel function. Pathology showed two adenomas with negative margins. There was no immediate or delayed morbidity or mortality. Our initial experience indicates that SP rTAMIS is a safe and feasible approach for local excision of rectal lesions. While SP rTAMIS is very promising, more experience with this approach is necessary to determine its widespread applicability.
A finite population destroys a traveling wave in spatial replicator dynamics

Abstract We derive both the finite and infinite population spatial replicator dynamics as the fluid limit of a stochastic cellular automaton. The infinite population spatial replicator is identical to the model used by Vickers and our derivation justifies the addition of a diffusion to the replicator. The finite population form generalizes the results by Durett and Levin on finite spatial replicator games. We study the differences in the two equations as they pertain to a one-dimensional rock-paper-scissors game.
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome

CAPS develops in a minority (1%) of patients with aPL and is characterized by acute, vascular occlusion involving three or more organs. The disorder is characterized by a diffuse thrombotic microvasculopathy with a predilection for kidney, lung, brain, heart, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Treatment is empiric and, although mortality may approach 50%, outcomes appear best for patients that receive combinations of heparin anticoagulation, steroids, plasmapheresis, intravenous gammaglobulin, and, in the setting of SLE disease exacerbation, cyclophosphamide. The etiology of CAPS awaits clarification but likely involves the activation of vascular endothelium to express surface adhesion molecules and possibly tissue factor that interact with circulating cellular inflammatory cells, elements of the phospholipid-dependent coagulation factors, and platelets in the presence of aPL. Improved therapy awaits better understanding of the underlying immunologic, coagulation, and vascular pathology.
Electromagnetic measurements of composites containing barium strontium titanate or nickel zinc ferrite inclusions from 1 to 4 GHz

Abstract Composites with barium strontium titanate (BST) or nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) spherical inclusions mixed in a silicone matrix were manufactured at volume fractions ranging from 5% to 25%. The dielectric and magnetic parameters were measured from 1 to 4 GHz using a coaxial airline. The relative permittivity increased from 2.74 ± 0.01 for the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) host material to 7.45 ± 0.33 after combining PDMS with a 25% volume fraction of BST inclusions. The relative permittivities of BST and NZF composites were relatively constant across all measured frequencies. The relative permeability of the composites increased from 1.001 ± 0.001 for PDMS to 1.43 ± 0.04 for a 25% NZF composite at 1 GHz. The relative permeability of the 25% NZF composite decreased from 1.43 ± 0.05 at 1 GHz to 1.17 ± 0.01 at 4 GHz. The NZF samples also exhibited low dielectric and magnetic loss tangents from 0.005 ± 0.01 to 0.091 ± 0.015 and 0.037 ± 0.001 to 0.20 ± 0.038, respectively, for all volume fractions, although the dielectric loss tangent did increase with volume fraction. For BST composites, all volume fraction changes of at least 5% yielded statistically significant changes in permittivity; no changes in BST volume fraction yielded statistically significant changes in permeability. For NZF composites, the change in permittivity was statistically significant when the volume fraction varied by more than 5% and the change in permeability was statistically significant for variations in volume fraction greater than 10%. The DC electrical breakdown strength of NZF composites decreased exponentially with increasing volume fraction of NZF, while BST composites exhibited no statistically significant variation with volume fraction.
Breast density awareness and knowledge in a mammography screening cohort of predominantly Hispanic women: Does breast density notification matter?

Background: New York State law mandates that women with dense breasts receive a written notification of their breast density (BD) and its implications, but data on the impact of dense breast notification (DBN) on BD awareness and knowledge in diverse populations remain limited. Methods: Between 2016 and 2018, we collected survey and mammographic data from 666 women undergoing screening mammography in New York City (ages 40–60, 80% Hispanic, 69% Spanish-speaking) to examine the impact of prior DBN on BD awareness by sociodemographic and breast cancer risk factors, and describe BD knowledge by sources of information. Results: Only 24.8% of the overall sample and 34.9% of women receiving DBN had BD awareness. In multivariable models adjusting for DBN, awareness was significantly lower in women who were Spanish-speaking [OR, 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09–0.30 vs. English speakers], were foreign-born (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16–0.58 vs. U.S.-born), and had lower educational attainment (e.g., high school degree or less; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.08–0.26 vs. college or higher degree). Women receiving DBN were more likely to be aware of BD (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.59–4.27) but not more knowledgeable about the impact of BD on breast cancer risk and detection. However, women reporting additional communication about their BD showed greater knowledge in these areas. Conclusions: DBN increases BD awareness disproportionately across sociodemographic groups. Impact: Efforts to improve communication of DBN must focus on addressing barriers in lower socioeconomic and racially and ethnically diverse women, including educational and language barriers.
SANGRE DE CRISTO MICACEOUS CLAYS

Archaeological research has shown that northern Rio Grande potters have used micaceous clays in the production of cooking, serving, and ritual vessels for more than 700 years, yet little is known about the raw material sources used to make these remarkable wares. Recent survey with traditional potters reveals the locations of micaceous clay deposits and the criteria used to select clays for pottery manufacturing. Instmmental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of raw material samples demonstrates that sources are chemically distinct and that archaeological and ethnographic vessels may be matched to them with a high degree of confidence. Source matches for ceramics attributed to Pueblo, Jicarilla Apache, and Hispanic potters illustrates the potential of geochemical testing to reveal previously unrecognized complexity in the ceramic markets and land-use patterns of the northern Rio Grande. A case study from Picuris Pueblo showcases the relevance of ceramic source analysis to modern pottery communities.
Simulation of Waves by an Underwater Explosion

The properties of water waves produced by underwater explosions were studied in a test basin where the underwater disturbance was simulated by means of a rapidly withdrawn or immersed paraboloidal plunger. Combinations of quick withdrawal or immersion of the 14-ft-diam half-paraboloid plunger located near the midpoint of one wall of the approximately 90 ft square basin were also carried out. A smaller 28 inch and a 45 inch sphere were also used to generate waves by dropping from various heights in 2.5 ft of water. The waves compare adequately with those predicted by the theory of Kranzer and Keller, although they were 40% smaller and 20% shorter. Scaling laws are presented by which it was found that waves were produced which when extrapolated adequately agreed with those from actual underwater detonations of a high-energy explosive of 5 ton TNT and a nuclear device of 20 kiloton equivalent yield.
Primary amenorrhea in a 17-year-old patient with chronic hydrocephalus from an ependymoma

In here, we describe a case of primary amenorrhea in the setting of chronic hydrocephalus caused by a posterior fossa ependymoma. A 17-year-old female with primary amenorrhea presented to University-affiliated teaching hospital. Hormonal studies were all normal. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed chronic hydrocephalus with a 4 cm brain lesion that was determined to be an ependymoma. After surgical resection, the patient had normal menstrual cycles. Primary amenorrhea in association with hydrocephalus is usually due to hypothalamic hypogonadism. We report a case of an adolescent female with normal gonadotropin levels and chronic hydrocephalus who presented with primary amenorrhea. Even in the presence of normal hormonal studies and withdrawal bleeding after a progestational challenge, a head magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in all females who do not have hypergonadotropic amenorrhea.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode: An Emerging Network Standard for High-Speed Communications

Abstract Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has captured the attention of computer users and the networking industry worldwide. ATM employs new digital networking technologies that promise to revolutionize both local area networks and wide area networks. In fact, ATM is expected to become the predominant technology for these networks in the next few years. The intent of this article is to give the reader a clear understanding of what ATM is. provide a snapshot of the current status of ATM, discuss the major issues surrounding ATM, and highlight some of ATM’s current issues/problems. This article provides a technical overview of ATM, discusses design criteria and performance features of current and next-generation ATM switching fabrics, contains an introduction to Internetworking ATM to existing local area networks, describes ATM traffic management issues, and outlines some emerging issues.
Jena: implementing the RDF model and syntax specification

Some aspects of W3C's RDF Model and Syntax Specification require careful reading and interpretation to produce a conformant implementation. Issues have arisen around anonymous resources, reification and RDF Graphs. These and other issues are identified, discussed and an interpretation of each is proposed. Jena, an RDF API in Java based on this interpretation, is described.
HYDROGEN-SENSITIVE, PLATINUM-TIPPED ELECTRODE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT TO RIGHT SHUNTS: PRACTICAL APPLICATION.

Abstract A new technic, utilizing a hydrogen-sensitive, platinum-tipped wire electrode introduced percutaneously via a No. 18 Cournand needle into the brachial vein and flow-directed into the right heart chambers and pulmonary artery, has greatly simplified the detection of left to right intracardiac shunts. The position of the electrode is identified by intracavitary electrocardiographic monitoring. Electrical potential, created by contact of inhaled hydrogen with the platinum tip, produces characteristic electrocardiographic deflections when left to right shunts are present. Two hundred and four catheterizations in 182 patients screened for possible left to right shunts yielded 86 positive, 115 negative and 3 equivocal shunt curves. Fifty-three instances have been confirmed by conventional cardiac catheterization technics or surgery, or by both. No definite false positive curves were obtained other than from the easily identified pulmonary wedge position. In 5 patients false negative curves were obtained from the proper chamber; however, in each instance positive curves were recorded from one chamber distally. This technic can be performed as an outpatient procedure in 15 to 30 minutes without discomfort except for venipuncture. Minor complications observed were brief supraventricular arrhythmia (3), multiple extrasystoles (2), transient difficulty in electrode dislodgment (2), and intracavitary knotting (2). No major complications have occurred. Caution is expressed regarding proper grounding of all electrical equipment to prevent electrically induced ventricular fibrillation. The potential hazard of a knot in the wire electrode embracing a papillary muscle or chorda tendinea suggests the need of ready access to an experienced cardiac surgeon. The procedure presents a simple, reliable and reasonably safe method for determing left to right shunts, both preoperatively and postoperatively, and often obviates the need for major catheterization.
Intrapulmonary G-CSF Rescues Neutrophil Recruitment to the Lung and Neutrophil Release to Blood in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in MCP-1−/− Mice

We previously demonstrated that MCP-1 is important for E. coli–induced neutrophil migration to the lungs. However, E. coli neither disseminates nor induces death in mice. Furthermore, the cell types and the host defense mechanisms that contribute to MCP-1–dependent neutrophil trafficking have not been defined. In this study, we sought to explore the cell types and the mechanisms associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae–mediated MCP-1–dependent neutrophil influx. MCP-1−/− mice are more susceptible to pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection and show higher bacterial burden in the lungs and dissemination. MCP-1−/− mice also display attenuated neutrophil influx, cytokine/chemokine production, and activation of NF-κB and MAPKs following intratracheal K. pneumoniae infection. rMCP-1 treatment in MCP-1−/− mice following K. pneumoniae infection rescued impairment in survival, bacterial clearance, and neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Neutrophil numbers in the blood of MCP-1−/− mice were associated with G-CSF concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. Bone marrow or resident cell–derived MCP-1 contributed to bacterial clearance, neutrophil accumulation, and cytokine/chemokine production in the lungs following infection. Furthermore, exogenous MCP-1 dose dependently increased neutrophil counts and G-CSF concentrations in the blood. Intriguingly, administration of intratracheal rG-CSF to MCP-1−/− mice after K. pneumoniae infection rescued survival, bacterial clearance and dissemination, and neutrophil influx in MCP-1−/− mice. Collectively, these novel findings unveil an unrecognized role of MCP-1 in neutrophil-mediated host immunity during K. pneumoniae pneumonia and illustrate that G-CSF could be used to rescue impairment in host immunity in individuals with absent or malfunctional MCP-1.
Measurement of optical scattered power from laser-induced shallow pits on silica

A model describing far-field scattered power and irradiance by a silica glass slab with a shallow-pitted exit surface is experimentally validated. The comparison to the model is performed using a precisely micromachined ensemble of ∼11 μm wide laser ablated shallow pits producing 1% of the incident beam scatter in a 10 mrad angle. A series of samples with damage initiations and laser-induced shallow pits resulting from 351 nm, 5 ns pulsed laser cleaning of metal microparticles at different fluences between 2 J/cm2 and 11 J/cm2 are characterized as well and found in good agreement with model predictions.
Increased utilization of emergency department and inpatient care by patients with hidradenitis suppurativa

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic cutaneous disease with acutely painful flares. In a prior study of all-cause utilization, patients with HS had higher utilization of emergency department (ED) and inpatient care. Objective We sought to assess utilization of medical care specifically related to HS, especially high-cost settings. Methods The MarketScan medical claims database was examined for participants with either HS or psoriasis based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, during the study period, January 2008 to December 2012. This was a cohort cost-identification study with analyses of utilization measures and direct costs. Results The proportion of the HS cohort hospitalized was 5.1% and was higher than the psoriasis cohort (1.6%) ( P P P P Limitations The study sample may not be generalizable to other patient populations and may represent those with more severe disease. Pharmaceutical costs were not included and confounding factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and insurance type were not investigated. Conclusion Patients with HS had increased utilization of high-cost settings, such as the ED and inpatient care, compared with patients with psoriasis, another chronic inflammatory disease. Both patients and providers should be aware of this finding and further work is needed to incorporate assessment of patient outcomes.