cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acculturation, Familism, Parental Monitoring, and Knowledge as Predictors of Marijuana and Inhalant Use in Adolescents

The authors investigated relationships between marijuana and inhalant use and several cultural and demographic factors in Anglo American and Hispanic American adolescents (N 1,094). Outcome measures assessed lifetime and 30-day marijuana and inhalant use. Predictors and covariates used in logistic regression analyses were region, grade, gender, knowledge, acculturation, familism, and parental monitoring. Hispanic Americans exhibited higher usage across all measures. In this group, high acculturation was associated with low marijuana, but high inhalant, use. Across all participants, positive family relations and parental monitoring were strongly associated with attenuated marijuana use but only among those most knowledgeable about drugs. Familism and monitoring were not associated with diminished usage among the less knowledgeable. For inhalants, monitoring combined with high knowledge or high familism was associated with diminished usage. Adolescent illicit drug use is widely regarded as one of today’s most important social concerns. In a recent Gallup poll (Gallup Organization, 2001), 80% of those surveyed considered drug use to be a very serious or extremely serious problem, and the available evidence suggests this concern is warranted. For example, although adolescent substance use has leveled off in recent years, the proportion of teenagers using illicit drugs remains high. Figures gathered in Johnston, O’Malley, and Bachman’s (2001) Monitoring the Future (MTF) study indicate that 19.5% of 8th graders, 36.4% of 10th graders, and 40.9% of 12th graders reported having used some illicit drug at least once over the past year. By the time today’s adolescents reach 12th grade, 54% will have tried some illicit drug at least once. Drug use among young adolescents may have serious immediate and long-term implications. Among female adolescents, higher rates of illicit drug use are associated with higher levels of risky sex and the consequent risk of HIV infection (Lanctot & Smith, 2001; Millstein, Moscicki, & Broering, 1994). Drug use in early adolescence is associated with later deviant and other problematic behavior (Guy, Smith, & Bentler, 1994) and enhances the likelihood of high school drop out, especially among Hispanic American students (Ellickson, Bui, Bell, & McGuigan, 1998).
Acute Optic Neuropathy: Treatment With Diphenylhydantoin

Previous reports have suggested that diphenylhydantoin may improve visual field loss resulting from ischemic disease of the optic nerves. Therefore, 15 patients with residual visual impairment after acute, presumably ischemic, optic neuropathy were treated alternately with diphenylhydantoin sodium and placebo in a double-blind study. Neither visual acuity nor visual fields improved during treatment. The importance of careful quantitative perimetry with preliminary repetitive testing until results are reproducible is stressed.
Regulated expression of the Methanococcus voltae hisA gene

Summary The cloned DNA sequences of the hisA gene and surrounding open reading frames isolated from the methanogen, Methanococcus voltae have been used as probes for the determination of their respective methanogen mRNA levels. Addition of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (aminotriazole) to a growing culture of the methanogen leads to an inhibition of cell growth which is reversed by the addition of histidine to the medium. This is in keeping with the known ability of aminotriazole to inhibit histidine biosynthesis in several bacteria and yeast with the concomitant derepression of the histidine biosynthetic enzymes. The addition of aminotriazole to cultures of M. voltae leads to the enhanced production of methanogen mRNA which specifically hybridizes to hisA DNA and to DNA containing the surrounding open reading frames. Aminotriazole addition had no effect on the levels of RNA which hybridized to the cloned methanogen argG gene. Three hisA hybridizing RNA species were found in aminotriazole treated cultures having sizes of approximately 1.5, nine, and ten kilobases, whereas only the 1.5 kilobase species was detected from cultures grown on defined medium without aminotriazole. Our results suggest that the genes which determine the histidine biosynthetic pathway are regulated and subject to control at the level of transcription.
Empirical evaluation of augmented information presentation on small form factors - navigation assistant scenario

Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) enabled devices will have the capability to present a large amount of information in real time, based on sensors that determine proximity, visual reference, maps, and detailed information on the environment. This poses a challenge of presenting the information such that there is no cognitive overload for the user and the augmented information that is presented is useful and meaningful to the user. This study examined the user tolerance and identified acceptable values for the performance characteristics of the augmented information presented on - density of information, accuracy of information, delay in information presentation, and error rate. Results indicate that the amount of information presented depends on the type of activity that the user is interested in. For example, in the case of density of information - participants were interested in seeing about 7 items identified at a time. With 11 items, most were overwhelmed, but 4 items were not enough. However, desired information density depends on the information shown, and the participants wanted to control the type of information shown. The findings of the study can be used as design guidelines for MAR information overlay on small screens.
Stimulation of the deep perineal nerve elicits bladder contractions

Spinal cord injury (SCI) eliminates voluntary control of bladder function. This study examined the ability to elicit and sustain bladder contractions with deep perineal nerve (DP) stimulation in 3 cats. The DP was stimulated at 2, 10, 20, 33, and 40 Hz over a range of bladder volumes before and after SCI. DP stimulation elicited bladder contractions pre- and post-spinal transection and was dependent on bladder volume and stimulation frequency. Bladder contractions were only evoked above a threshold bladder volume, which decreased post-spinalization. Both pre- and post-transection, bladder contractions were evoked at stimulation frequencies (2 Hz - 40 Hz), however frequencies of 20 Hz or greater were more effective at sustaining contractions. Post-transection, stimulation frequencies of 33 Hz or greater evoked greater bladder pressures than lower frequencies. Stimulation of the proximal, but not distal DP after DP-transection elicited contractions, demonstrating that the response was afferent mediated. Neural prostheses able to evoke sustained bladder contractions could restore bladder control and provide substantial clinical benefit to individuals with SCI.
Reply to comments by S. R. Dickman on ‘Fortnightly Earth rotation, ocean tides and mantle anelasticity’

Dickman argues that our model of the Mf ocean tide is unrealistic and that this invalidates conclusions regarding mantle anelasticity. His evidence is based on comparison with his own ocean modelling experiments and on his physical intuition regarding near-equilibrium tides. That evidence is unconvincing. Simple physical arguments alone are enough to rebut his main points. Furthermore, we test here his suggestion of increasing bottom-friction dissipation by a factor of 100 over our preferred solution, and we show that this results in unacceptable polar motion and poor agreement with independent tide-gauge data. In contrast, tests against independent data lend support to the realism of our Mf tide model and give confidence that our estimates of mantle anelasticity are reliable within stated error bounds.
The Role of Tone Choice in Improving ITA Communication in the Classroom

As the numbers of international teaching assistants (ITAs) continue to increase, cross-cultural communication has become an integral part of academic life in universities. ITA instruction programs recognize that successful communication between ITAs and their students requires an ability to use language appropriate to the classroom context and an awareness of the expectations of native-speaking discourse participants. One area of teaching discourse that is frequently overlooked in this discussion is its intonation structure. This study compares one intonational feature, tone choice, in 12 parallel teaching presentations given by 6 Chinese and 6 North American male teaching assistants (TAs). Naturally occurring presentations were recorded in the classroom, and tone choices were analyzed using instrumental and auditory analysis within Brazil’ s (1997) model of discourse intonation. The results showed that the native-English-speaking TAs systematically exploited their tone choices to increase the accessibility of the lecture material and establish rapport with their students. Conversely, the typical tonal composition of the ITAs’ presentations obfuscated the information structure and frequently characterized these speakers as unsympathetic and uninvolved. These results suggest that tone choice contributes to communication failure between ITAs and their students and prompt the recommendation that tone choice be directly addressed in the linguistic and pedagogical components of ITA instruction programs.
Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference: Some Exegetical Notes

: Frege's theory of indirect contexts and the shift of sense and reference in these contexts has puzzled many. What can the hierarchy of indirect senses, doubly indirect senses, and so on, be? Donald Davidson gave a well-known ‘unlearnability’ argument against Frege's theory. The present paper argues that the key to Frege's theory lies in the fact that whenever a reference is specified (even though many senses determine a single reference), it is specified in a particular way, so that giving a reference implies giving a sense; and that one must be ‘acquainted’ with the sense. It is argued that an indirect sense must be ‘immediately revelatory’ of its reference. General principles for Frege's doctrine of sense and reference are sated, for both direct and indirect quotation, to be understood iteratively. I also discuss Frege's doctrine of tensed and first person statements in the light of my analysis. The views of various other authors are examined. The conclusion is to ascribe to Frege an implicit doctrine of acquaintance similar to that of Russell.
Functions of human non-coding DNA sequences

The development of string theory has opened a completely new chapter and the way of thinking. A tight connection between DNA, water and strings, as well as their properties, lead to the idea that the soul is the shelter of our thoughts. Only 2% of the haploid human genome codes for proteins, while the rest consists of non-coding RNA genes, regulatory sequences, introns. The rest of the DNA, about 2.9 billion of base pairs, represents: cultural heredity of the person's family and a part being formed by the person during his/her lifetime, which gives the answer to what the use of the non-coding sequences is. Water molecules do not stay permanently united with DNA (the connection is not covalent), but they disconnect at every 0.5-1 nsec, forming and leaving the DNA molecule. It is well known that the DNA structure depends on water and that „water remembers thoughts”, and depending on the thoughts of a person it carries them to the physical structure of DNA. At the beginning of the physical organization of the water molecule there are strings. When a person dies, the DNA and water molecule are disconnected leaving only strings with an appropriate features being conditioned by three-dimensional structure of DNA shaped by water. Every person has a unique string appearance, as it is the case with the snowflakes (the DNA print in the strings).
Active Response Modes: Comprehension “Aids” in Need of a Theory

The literature in active response modes was reviewed indicating generally negative results. However, an investigation of the theoretical perspectives involved in the research indicated that only a small number of papers had employed a theoretical basis for constructing the active response modes under investigation. These studies generally reported facilitative effects of active response modes. The atheoretical nature of the active response mode literature was discussed and one theoretical perspective, "levels of processing/distinctiveness of encoding," was sug- gested as a possible heuristic for future research. There are several avenues to further understanding and# improving reading com- prehension. One direction has been to study the effects different tasks have on how content is processed by readers. This approach has included several different specific methods which often have been lumped together in the literature under the rubric of adjunct aids. Though adjunct aids are often grouped together as a general method for influencing the retention of prose material, research with each of the specific forms of aids seems to rely upon different theoretical foundations (Faw & Waller, 1976). The current paper is devoted specifically to a discussion of one form of adjunct aid, "active response modes." "Active response modes" is the term employed to encompass a diverse set of reader activities designed to aid comprehension including note-taking, outlining, paraphrasing, and summarizing. In a review of the literature on active response modes, Faw and Waller (1976) indicated that though theoretical models could be found which might be consistent with the use of active response modes to increase retention, they essentially existed as a "hodge-podge" of supposedly helpful ac- tivities. As such, they could benefit from a theoretical base which could help inter- pret their effects, or a theoretical orientation to conceptually bind the results of research together so that problems could be systematically approached. Without this theoretical base new techniques could not be generated to further extend their utility for retention of prose.
Myth: External Financial Reporting Quality Has a 1st Order Effect on Firm Value

I argue that external financial reporting quality has at best a 2nd order effect on firm value of U.S. publicly traded companies and that attempts to improve a firm’s external reporting quality has a 3rd order effect on these firms’ value. Recognizing that external financial reporting quality is at best a 2nd order effect on firm value imposes an important external validity test on accounting research. If the economic magnitude of the study’s proxy for quality on firm value is “too large,” then the researcher should question the research design strategy and whether correlated omitted variables, endogeneity, or sample selection bias are corrupting the study’s inferences.
A mobile testbed for GPS-based ITS/IVC and ad hoc routing experimentation

Past investigations into the formation of ad hoc networks and ad hoc routing have focused on computer simulations of mobile traffic. However, the proliferation of mobile electronic devices (mobile phones, PDAs, and laptop computers) combined with the commoditization of GPS chipsets has made realizable the construction of a large-scale testbed for both GPS and non-GPS aware ad hoc network applications. We present the Rice University shuttle bus (RUSH) project as such a testbed in its first stages of development, in which we have outfitted the shuttle bus system at Rice University with custom wireless and GPS hardware.
"It’s a Jungle Out There:" Blackness and Disability in Monk

In Monk , the social structures that create disability have a relationship of reciprocal maintenance with the structures that sustain race. Specifically, I examine the moments in which Adrian’s disability and other characters’ blackness creates tension. These scenes are typically understood as humorous, drawing on Adrian’s disability and stock figures like the angry black man, Mammy, and the murderous hip-hop star. Yet, the commitment to these narratives remains tenuous because the tension between Adrian and the black characters is not always contentious, nor is it a consistently missed opportunity for nuance. Instead, I argue Monk reveals a more complex interplay between narratives of blackness, disability, and white liberalism. Namely, Adrian’s awkward exchanges lay bare the tensions present and open up space to see that we read disabled and racial identities in contact according to a logic determined not just by ability, but also by race.
Effect of Pi on unloaded shortening velocity of slow and fast mammalian muscle fibers

Chemically skinned muscle fibers, prepared from the rat medial gastrocnemius and soleus, were subjected to four sequential slack tests in Ca2+-activating solutions containing 0, 15, 30, and 0 mM ad...
Forward-looking objective functions: concept and applications in high level synthesis

The effectiveness of traditional CAD optimization algorithms is proportional to the accuracy of the targeted objective functions. However, behavioral synthesis tools are not used in isolation; they form a strongly connected design flow where each tool optimizes its own objective function without considering the consequences on the optimization goals of the subsequently applied tools. Therefore, efforts to optimize one aspect of a design often have unforeseen negative impacts on other phases of the design process. Our objective is to establish a systematic way of developing and validating new types of objective functions that consider the effects on subsequently applied synthesis steps. We demonstrate the generic forward-looking objective function (FLOF) strategy on three main steps in behavioral synthesis: (i) transformation, (ii) scheduling, and (iii) register assignment. We show how the FLOF can be used in the first two phases to reduce the total number of registers required in the third phase.
Peripheral neurophysiology of acute distal spinal cord infarction

F-wave abnormalities, in the presence of normal distal motor nerve conduction, most often are the first indicators of proximal peripheral nerve dysfunction in demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies. However, a 15-year-old female-who developed lumbosacral spinal cord infarction with paraplegia, sensory loss, and incontinence beginning 15 hours after a fall-studied electrophysiologically at 2 days postparaplegia manifested absent lower-extremity f-waves and H-reflexes and normal compound muscle action potentials and distal motor and sensory conduction velocities. Subsequent evaluations demonstrated permanent loss of compound muscle action potentials, f-waves, and H-reflexes and prominent acute denervation in paralyzed lower-extremity muscles. Thus early f-wave and H-reflex loss can also occur in spinal cord disease, thereby representing the first evidence of motoneuron destruction.
Socioeconomic gradients in body mass index (BMI) in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility

Background Despite comparatively lower socioeconomic status (SES), immigrants tend to have lower body weight and weaker SES gradients relative to US-born individuals. Yet, it is unknown how changes in SES over the life-course relate to body weight in immigrants versus US-born individuals. Methods We used longitudinal data from a nationally representative, diverse sample of 13 701 adolescents followed into adulthood to investigate whether associations between SES mobility categories (educational attainment reported by individuals as adults and by their parents during adolescence) and body mass index (BMI) measured in adulthood varied by immigrant generation. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and immigrant generation. Results Among first-generation immigrants, although parental education was not associated with adult BMI, an immigrant9s own education attainment was inversely associated with BMI (β=−2.6 kg/m 2 ; SE=0.9, p 2 ; SE=1.2, p Conclusions Immigrants were able to translate higher SES in adulthood into a lower adult mean BMI regardless of childhood SES, whereas the consequences of lower childhood SES had a longer reach even among the upwardly mobile US born.
The Utility of Communication Network Ties: Reconceptualizing the Social Network Tie Measure

Tie measurement is an analytic foundation of social network analysis, and has been most commonly measured in regards to the strength of the tie. The strong tie - weak tie dichotomy is conceptually misleading, and the science of networks lacks a clear conceptualization of ties that allows for consistent operationalization of the concept. This conceptual gap has led researchers to measure ties in a contextually specific manner, often unique to their particular research design. This paper offers a reconceptualization of the tie concept as the utility of a tie, and provides a multi-dimensional taxonomy of social network ties that can be used to assess appropriate tie measures. Conceptual dimensions include socio-emotional closeness, resource potential, and accessibility. The taxonomy allows researchers to fit their specific operational needs within a common conceptual framework of tie measures. Visual representations are offered elaborating and exploring the implications of the proposed reconceptualization.
Ti‐Rich Nonstoichiometric BaTiO3: III, High‐Temperature Thermodynamic and X‐Ray Diffraction Measurements *

A thermodynamic and high-temperature X-ray diffraction study was performed on polycrystalline nonstoichiometric BaTiO3. The oxygen composition was measured from 940° to 1215°C at O2 partial pressures between 10−10 and 10−21 atm by a thermogravimetric technique. The isothermal weight change data exhibit a two-slope behavior. The data at the lower pressures indicate that the maximum observable weight change is influenced by impurities, whereas the data at the higher pressures appear to exhibit native nonstoichiometric behavior. Values of ΔHo2 and ΔSo2 were calculated for the higher O2 partial pressure region; ΔHo2 is consistent with the O vacancy formation energies obtained by Long and Blumenthal from electrical conductivity measurements. High-temperature X-ray measurements indicate that the cubic structure is stable in the range investigated. Lattice parameters and coefficients of expansion were obtained from 200° to 1100°C in pure O2; lattice parameters of reduced BaTiO3 at 1100°C are also presented.
Variant Hirschsprung’s disease

Conditions that clinically resemble HD despite the presence of ganglion cells on suction rectal biopsy results, can be diagnosed by providing an adequate biopsy and employing a variety of histological techniques. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia is a distinct clinical entity that can be clearly proven histologically. Patients with IND not only have abnormalities of submucosal and myenteric plexuses but also defective innervation of the muscle. Internal sphincter achalasia, which is histologically characterized by nitrergic nerve depletion, can be diagnosed on anorectal manometry and successfully treated by internal sphincter myectomy. The outcome of smooth muscle disorders is generally fatal. The need for surgical intervention should be weighed carefully and individualized because most explorations have not been helpful and are probably not necessary.
Optimized Thermoelectric Module-Heat Sink Assemblies for Precision Temperature Control

Robust precision temperature control of photonics components is achieved by mounting them on thermoelectric modules (TEMs) which are in turn mounted on heat sinks. However, the power consumption of TEMs is high because high currents are driven through Bi2 Te3 -based semiconducting materials with high electrical resistivity and finite thermal conductivity. This problem is exacerbated when the ambient temperature surrounding a TEM varies in the usual configuration where the air-cooled heat sink a TEM is mounted to is of specified thermal resistance. Indeed, heat sinks of negligible and relatively high thermal resistances minimize TEM power consumption for sufficiently high and low ambient temperatures, respectively. Optimized TEM-heat sink assemblies reduce the severity of this problem. In the problem considered, total footprint of thermoelectric material in a TEM, thermoelectric material properties, heat load, component operating temperature, relevant component-side thermal resistances and ambient temperature range are prescribed. Provided is an algorithm to compute the unique combination of the height of the pellets in a TEM and the thermal resistance of the heat sink attached to it which minimizes the maximum power consumption of the TEM over the specified ambient temperature range. This optimization maximizes the fraction of the power budget in an optoelectronics circuit pack available for other uses. Implementation of the algorithm is demonstrated through an example for a typical set of conditions.© 2011 ASME
Ayn Rand and Contemporary Business Ethics

Ayn Rand's radical ethical perspective is applied to key issues in business ethics and contrasted to those perspectives that hold business to be essentially amoral or immoral. Special focus is given to the common assumption that conflicts of interest, either because of innate human badness or because of scarce resources, are fundamental to the human condition. That assumption is rejected in Rand's system, based on her emphasis on the power of human reason to shape one's character and beliefs and its power to develop new resources and cultivate win-win relationships.
Parental Obesity and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Investigators from Oslo, Norway and other centers studied the associations among maternal prepregnancy BMI, paternal BMI, and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.
Rapid Adaptation in Computational Organizations

Primarily, we describe a computational model of organizations where agents rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions. We consider an organizational model with properties of roles, utilities, capabilities and norms (RUCN) in order to give the agents the opportunity to quickly adapt to any new environment. Moreover, a simulation volleyball game is implemented using Netlogo and has been thoroughly described in order to illustrate the model.
Imaging for osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely prevalent disease worldwide and, with an increasing ageing society, is a challenge for the field of physical and rehabilitation medicine. Technologic advances and implementation of sophisticated post-processing instruments and analytic strategies have resulted in imaging playing a more and more important role in understanding the disease process of OA. Radiography is still the most commonly used imaging modality for establishing an imaging-based diagnosis of OA. The need for an effective non-surgical OA treatment is highly desired, but despite on-going research efforts no disease-modifying OA drugs have been discovered or approved to date. MR imaging-based studies have revealed some of the limitations of radiography. The ability of MR to image all relevant joint tissues within the knee and to visualize cartilage morphology and composition has resulted in MRI playing a key role in understanding the natural history of the disease and in the search for new therapies. Our review will focus on the roles and limitations of radiography and MRI with particular attention to knee OA. The use of other modalities (e.g. ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT), and CT/MR arthrography) in clinical practice and OA research will also be briefly described. Ultrasound may be useful to evaluate synovial pathology in osteoarthritis, particularly in the hand.
Clinical observation of labetalol and magnesium sulfate treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of treatment of magnesium sulfate and labetalol for pregnancy induced hypertension.Methods 86 cases in January 2009 to February 2011 PIH pregnant women were treated and were randomLy divided into control and treatment group,43 cases of control group was given magnesium sulfate buck conventional spasm was observed in the magnesium sulfate group based on the application needle labetalol in 5% glucose intravenous injection.Results There were efficient control of blood pressure after treatment observation group than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05);complication rate,the two groups in cervical laceration,uterine hyperstimulation,postpartum incidence of bleeding was significantly different(P 0.05).Conclusion Magnesium sulfate treatment of PIH combined effect of labetalol exactly can effectively reduce the mean arterial blood pressure of patients,improve maternal and child outcomes,with a broad clinical application.
Criteria for level 1 and level 2 trauma codes: Are pelvic ring injuries undertriaged?

Aim To determine the association of unstable pelvic ring injuries with trauma code status. Methods A retrospective review of all pelvic ring injuries at a single academic center from July 2010 to June 2013 was performed. The trauma registry was used to identify level 1 and level 2 trauma codes for each injury. The computed tomography scans in all patients were classified as stable or unstable using the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Pelvic injury classifications in level 1 and level 2 groups were compared. Patient disposition at discharge in level 1 and level 2 groups were also compared. Results There were 108 level 1 and 130 level 2 blunt trauma admissions. In the level 1 group, 67% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 33% were classified as unstable. In the level 2 group, 62% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 38% were classified as unstable. level 1 trauma code was not associated with odds of having an unstable fracture pattern (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.48-1.41, P = 0.485). In the level 1 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 33% were discharged to home, 36% to a rehabilitation facility, and 32% died. In the level 2 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 65% were discharged to home, 31% to a rehabilitation facility, and 4% died. For those with unstable pelvic fractures (n = 85), assignment of a level 2 trauma code was associated with reduced odds of death (OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.35, P = 0.001) as compared to being discharged to home. Conclusion Trauma code level assignment is not correlated with severity of pelvic injury. Because an unstable pelvis can lead to hemodynamic instability, these injuries may be undertriaged.
Automatically Augmenting Titles of Research Papers for Better Discovery

It is well known that the title of an article impacts how well it is discovered by potential readers and read. With both people and search engines, acting on behalf of people, accessing papers from digital libraries, it is important that the paper titles should promote discovery. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of titles of AI papers and then propose au- tomatic ways to augment them so that they can be better in- dexed and discovered by users. A user study with researchers shows that they overwhelmingly prefer the augmented titles over the originals for being more helpful.
Hematology Experience with Perioperative Anticoagulation at a Tertiary Hospital

Abstract 4399 Introduction: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the peri-procedure management of patients on chronic vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and to assess adherence to the 2008 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients on chronic VKA who required temporary discontinuation of anticoagulation due to an invasive or surgical procedure at New York Presbyterian Hospital from January 2006 to June 2010. Dermatological or oral procedures were excluded. Demographics, indications of VKA, underlying thrombophilia, cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, type of invasive or surgical procedure, method of bridge therapy and complications were recorded. When the ACCP guidelines were published, we compared our previous practice and modified our management accordingly. Results: A total of 48 procedures where performed in 34 patients. The demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients are shown in Table 1. The type of procedure, anticoagulant bridge therapy and complications are shown in Table 2. The majority of the procedures were managed using bridge therapy with low molecular heparin (LMWH) treatment dose. There were no thrombotic episodes, however there were 3 bleeding complications. All occurred prior to the publication of the 2008 ACCP guidelines. The patients who had bleeding complications were on therapeutic dose LMWH/Fondaparinux bridge therapy. One patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome developed severe thrombocytopenia after surgery that responded to intravenous gamma globulin. Conclusion: Adherence to the ACCP guidelines for the perioperative management of anticoagulation minimizes bleeding complications and improves patient outcomes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Study of the Dynamics and Size Distributions of Air Bubbles During Mixing in a Continuous Food Mixer

Abstract Bubble formation and breakup during the mixing of viscoelastic food materials such as wheat flour dough and extrusion of food materials hold the key to the formation of a foam structure which delivers ultimately foam-like product. As a starting step, bubble breakup dynamics was studied in a Readco 2” continuous processor (a twin-screw mixer) during the continuous mixing of a viscous Newtonian fluid material. The critical Capillary Numbers (Ca) for bubble breakup were estimated for the shear and extensional flow regions in the mixer using the equations of Khakhar and Ottino (1986) . Experimental bubble size distributions were obtained through image capture and analysis for three different paddle element configurations of the mixer. The Capillary Numbers and the Mixing Indices (flow type) in the mixing region were estimated from finite element (FEM) simulation of the mixing process. The trend in the size distributions of the bubbles agreed with the breakup criterion predicted by the estimation of capillary numbers in the mixer from the FEM simulation of the mixing. This study opened up a possibility of predicting the final bubble size distributions for a set of mixer parameters, from the knowledge of Capillary Number distributions along the mixer.
Detailed examination of nitrile stretching vibrations relevant for understanding the behavior of thermally treated polyacrylonitrile

The influence of electronic and environmental effects on the wave number of nitrile stretching vibrations was examined with respect to moieties relevant for the polyacrylonitrile homopolymer and its assumed transformation products on thermal treatment in the course of carbon fiber production on the basis of four sources of information. Literature values were collected. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements on relevant commercially available compounds were performed. For the first time, model compounds were synthesized and examined, and for the first time, density functional theory calculations for unavailable important compounds were performed. The results place the interpretation of the FTIR data on much safer scientific ground than any other study before; in particular, they unequivocally disprove suggestions given in the previous literature and provide quantitative relative oscillation strengths for important peaks necessary for the quantitative kinetic evaluation of the changes, which will enable the systematic fine-tuning of new proposals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44936.
Forensic Pathologist Salaries in the United States: The Results of Internet Data Collection:

Despite their longer training period, forensic pathologists are among the lower paid of physicians. However, because forensic pathologists represent a relatively small group with only about 400–600...
Design of Robust Feedforward Compensators for Direct Model Reference Adaptive Systems

Abstract Design of a robust direct model reference adaptive control algorithm focusing on the satisfaction of an almost strictly positive real condition (ASPR) for both single-input single-output and multi-input multi-output plants is presented. Systematic design procedures utilizing optimization methods and frequency domain design conditions for a feedforward compensator are developed so that the ASPR condition is satisfied over the maximal range of plant parameter variations.
Distribución del ingreso e integración económica

Este trabajo analiza los efectos macroeconomicos intrarregionales provenientes de cambios en la distribucion del ingreso en paises que forman un esquema de integracion. Se argumenta que, entre otros efectos, la desigualdad afecta de manera adversa la propension a invertir del sector privado, lo que tiene repercusiones en la demanda agregada en el area de integracion. O sea que por medio de su efecto en la inversion y el producto, la desigualdad incide de manera negativa en los volumenes de comercio intra y extrarregional. El trabajo no considera, sin embargo, los efectos de la integracion en la distribucion del ingreso.
Infection rate of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with dengue virus depends on the interaction between temperature and mosquito genotype.

Dengue fever is the most prevalent arthropod-transmitted viral disease worldwide, with endemic transmission restricted to tropical and subtropical regions of different temperature profiles. Tempera...
A nonlinear high-gain observer for n-link robot manipulator which has measurement noise in a feedback control framework

This paper presents the design of an output feedback controller (OFBC) for an n-link robot manipulator. This is achieved by using non-linear high gain observer. As measurement noise poses a great difficulty while estimating the system states, as the gain of the observer increases the measurement noise significantly amplified, causing higher steady state error. A non-linear high gain observer is proposed to overcome this problem. Non-linear high gain observer has an advantage over other non-linear state estimating techniques. The estimation of states is achieved with great accuracy and in a very small time. A comparison of linear and non linear high gain observer is also included to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Identification of Soybean Host Plant Resistance to Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs in Maturity Group III Plant Introductions.

Halyomorpha halys (Stal; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a polyphagous nonnative insect first found in the United States in 1996. As of 2017, BMSB has been detected in 43 states and is a severe agricultural pest in mid-Atlantic states. On soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr (Fabales: Fabaceae), damage from BMSB infestation ranges from puncture marks with seed discoloration and deformities to seed and pod abortion. Host plant resistance has been used for managing pest populations and mitigating soybean yield losses caused by neotropical stink bugs (Eushistus heros, Nezara viridula, and Piezodorus guildinii) in Brazil and on the U.S. Gulf Coast. We evaluated maturity group III plant introductions (PIs) for resistance to BMSB damage. In 2014, field cage choice tests of 106 PIs revealed a range of both BMSB damage incidence and severity. In field choice tests, PIs 085665 and 097139 showed the lowest incidence of BMSB damage and seed weight loss due to BMSB, while PIs 243532, 243540, and 567252 had the highest. In whole plant no-choice tests, PIs 085665 and 097139 also had high levels of resistance. However, PI 085665 had a higher incidence of damage but lower seed weight loss than PI 097139, which may suggest bimodal resistance. Moreover, PIs 085665 and 097139 are from Japan and North Korea, respectively, two geographically isolated countries where BMSB is native. Thus, further characterization of host plant resistance to BMSB in each of these lines may elucidate distinct mechanisms that could be synergistic if stacked in breeding lines.
Properties of Definite Bethe–Salpeter Eigenvalue Problems

The Bethe–Salpeter eigenvalue problem is solved in condense matter physics to estimate the absorption spectrum of solids. It is a structured eigenvalue problem. Its special structure appears in other approaches for studying electron excitation in molecules or solids also. When the Bethe–Salpeter Hamiltonian matrix is definite, the corresponding eigenvalue problem can be reduced to a symmetric eigenvalue problem. However, its special structure leads to a number of interesting spectral properties. We describe these properties that are crucial for developing efficient and reliable numerical algorithms for solving this class of problems.
Novel heterozygous pathogenic variants in CHUK in a patient with AEC-like phenotype, immune deficiencies and 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome: a case report.

Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a group of diseases that affects the development or function of the teeth, hair, nails and exocrine and sebaceous glands. One type of ED, ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome (AEC or Hay-Wells syndrome), is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of skin erosions affecting the palms, soles and scalp. Other clinical manifestations include ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, cleft lip, cleft palate, craniofacial abnormalities and ectodermal defects such as sparse wiry hair, nail changes, dental changes, and subjective hypohydrosis. We describe a patient presenting clinical features reminiscent of AEC syndrome in addition to recurrent infections suggestive of immune deficiency. Genetic testing for TP63, IRF6 and RIPK4 was negative. Microarray analysis revealed a 2 MB deletion on chromosome 1 (1q21.1q21.2). Clinical exome sequencing uncovered compound heterozygous variants in CHUK; a maternally-inherited frameshift variant (c.1365del, p.Arg457Aspfs*6) and a de novo missense variant (c.1388C > A, p.Thr463Lys) on the paternal allele. To our knowledge, this is the fourth family reported with CHUK-deficiency and the second patient with immune abnormalities. This is the first case of CHUK-deficiency with compound heterozygous pathogenic variants, including one variant that arose de novo. In comparison to cases found in the literature, this patient demonstrates a less severe phenotype than previously described.
Portfolio and hedging effectiveness of financial assets of the G7 countries

In this paper we investigate the dynamic conditional correlations between the equity and commodity returns for G7 countries from January, 2000 to October, 2014. The commodity futures include Brent, crude, gold, silver, wheat, corn and soybean futures, BCOM and CRB which are two aggregate commodity price indices. The results illustrate the lowest dynamic conditional correlations belong to the portfolios that include gold, wheat and corn futures for all the Equity indices. In addition, the correlations between the gold/equity pairs are negative during the financial crisis. This fact indicates the benefit of hedging stock portfolios with gold futures whenever we have stress in the financial markets. The findings from hedging effectiveness suggest that there are diversification advantages for all the commodity/stock portfolios than only stock portfolios. Finally, including CRB, BCOM and gold future to stock portfolios provides the optimal hedging effectiveness ratios. These findings can be helpful in developing new commodity indices.
Encapsulation of copigmented anthocyanins within polysaccharide microcapsules built upon removable CaCO3 templates

Abstract This work fabricated natural polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte microcapsules via layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) as carriers for copigmented anthocyanins. For this purpose, the chondroitin sulfate (CHS)/anthocyanin copigmented complexes were coprecipitated into spherical templates created by formation of CaCO3 precipitates. This template complex formation is then followed by deposition of oppositely charged CHS and chitosan (CS), and subsequent dissolution of CaCO3 core. We found that copigmentation with CHS of moderate concentration increased the encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin in CaCO3, favored anthocyanin retention in the microcapsule and improved the prolonged release of anthocyanin in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. The mechanism behind these observations was hypothesized to be related to the decreased micropolarity and microviscosity in the matrix-type interior of hybrid microcapsules. These results strongly support the combined use of polyelectrolyte microencapsulation and copigmentation techniques for the development of novel systems targeting the stabilization and controlled release of water-soluble molecules such as the anthocyanins studied herein.
Nonmammalian Models of Huntington's Disease

Flies, worms, yeast and more recently zebra fish have all been engineered to express expanded polyglutamine repeat versions of Huntingtin with various resulting pathologies including early death, neurodegeneration, and loss of motor function. Each of these models present particular features that make it useful in studying the mechanisms of polyglutamine pathology. However, one particular unbiased readout of mHTT pathology is functional loss of motor control. Loss of motor control is prominent in patients, but it remains unresolved whether pathogenic symptoms in patients result from overt degeneration and loss of neurons or from malfunctioning of surviving neurons as the pathogenic insult builds up. This is why a functional assay such as motor control can be uniquely powerful in revealing early as well as late neurological deficits and does not rely on assumptions such as that the level of inclusions or the degree of neuronal loss can be equated with the level of pathology. Drosophila is well suited for such assays because it contains a functioning nervous system with many parallels to the human condition. In addition, the ability to readily express mHTT transgenes in different tissues and subsets of neurons allows one the possibility of isolating a particular effect to a subset of neurons where one can correlate subcellular events in response to mHTT challenge with pathology at both the cellular and organismal levels. Here we describe methods to monitor the degree of motor function disruption in Drosophila models of HD and we include a brief summary of other nonmammalian models of HD and discussion of their unique strengths.
Chemisorption by Simple Oxide Surfaces

Metal oxide systems exhibit a wide degree of significant behaviors from a technological viewpoint that are associated with their chemisorption properties. Many serve as catalysts or as substrates on which catalysts are supported. Of such systems among the scientifically more interesting are the simple face centered cubic structures. These have properties in the main that places them in the category of ionic compounds. This is true based both on common chemical notions and on such measured scales as the Phillips Ionicity Scale. Formally then most such structures may be regarded as O--and a M++, where M is a metal. O-- is in a chemically satisfied state and is not expected to form covalent bonds. Depending on type, the metal is also chemically satisfied. This is true for such cases as Mg due to orbital occupancy, and has been found also true for Ni due to its ionic size. Thus in simple notions, one does not expect the formation of covalent chemical bonds to such surfaces. Never the less, such surfaces form covalent bonds. Experimental evidence indicates such behavior is associated with defects or impurities included at the oxide surface. In this article, we review some earlier results for these simple oxide surfaces, and then extend these ideas to consider the specific system of Ag on the MgO surface. This study uses an embedded cluster methodology at both the Hartree-Fock level and with direct correlation inclusions. Surface relaxation effects are included here. This study is intended to further identify the role played by correlation and relaxation effects, as well as to identify the primary features in the adsorption of Ag on MgO.