cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3-D reflection and transmission of sound by an array of rods

Abstract Three-dimensional reflection and transmission of a plane acoustic wave by a grating composed of parallel equidistant rods is investigated. The direction of the propagation vector of the incident wave is arbitrary. The reflection and transmission problem has been formulated rigorously by taking advantage of translational invariance along the rods, and geometrical periodicity in a plane normal to the rods. The reflected and transmitted wave motions have been expressed as superpositions of an infinite number of wave modes, each with its own cut-off frequency. Reflection and transmission coefficients have been defined as integrals over the circumference of a single rod, in terms of the velocity potential and auxiliary velocity terms on the surface of the rod. The singular integral equation for the velocity potential has been solved numerically by the boundary integral equation method. Curves show the reflection and transmission coefficients for the reflected and transmitted waves as functions of the frequency. At the cut-off frequencies these coefficients show rapid variations, which are analogous to the Wood's anomaly of optical diffraction gratings.
Natural frequency of the compound centrifugal pendulum

The equations of motion governing the free vibrations of the compound centrifugal pendulum are stated, and the linearized solution is given. A comparison is then made between the exact (numerical) solution of the non-linear equations of motion and the linearized solution. This comparison is in the form of the ratio of the natural frequencies and is presented graphically and tabularly.
Large vessel sealing with the argon laser

This study compared the histology, biochemistry, and tensile strength of laser-welded and sutured canine venotomies, arteriotomies, and arteriovenous fistulas. Twelve animals had bilateral femoral vessels studied, with one repair (control) closed with interrupted 6-0 polypropylene sutures, and the contralateral repair (experimental) welded with the argon laser. Specimens were examined at weekly intervals from 1 to 4 weeks (four animals for each type of repair), and were evaluated histologically by hematoxylin and eosin, elastin, and trichrome stains; biochemically by the formation of [3H]hydroxyproline as an index of collagen synthesis; and mechanically by tensile strength determinations. At removal, all experimental closures were patent without hematomas, aneurysms, or luminal dilatation. Histologic and biochemical examination and tensile strength determinations suggest that laser welding may be an alternative to sutures for repair of large-diameter venotomies, arteriotomies, and arteriovenous fistulas, as healing is comparable to that seen with suture repairs up to 4 weeks postoperatively.
Inheritance of competencies for leaf disc regeneration, anther culture, and protoplast culture in Solanum phureja and corrleations among them

Competence for leaf disc regeneration, anther culture, and protoplast culture was examined in the parental, F1, and F2 generations of a population of the diploid, cultivated, primitive potato, S. phureja (2n=2x=24). The parental pair consisted of AM3-8, an anther culture derived homozygous diploid, and NBP2, a heterozygous, field selected line. AM3-8 produced embryos in anther culture, and shoots on cultured leaf discs, but its cells did not divide after protoplast isolation. Cells of NBP2 divided to form calli and shoots in protoplast culture, but the clone did not respond to anther culture or leaf disc regeneration. All the individual plants in the F1 generation were responsive to both anther and protoplast culture; however, there was segregation for the ability to regenerate shoots from leaf discs. The F2 population, the result of a sib-cross, segregated for all three tissue culture competencies. Segregation data fit a one gene model for anther culture competence with the homozygous dominant genotype expressing the highest response, the heterozygote resulting in a marginal response, and the homozygous recessive resulting in no response. A two-gene model applied to the protoplast culture data, with a dominant allele at both loci required for division to occur after protoplast isolation. Leaf disc regeneration data could only be explained by a two gene model with recessive alleles at each locus required for the highest response, a dominant allele at either of the loci resulting in a marginal response, and dominant alleles at both loci resulting in no response. No significant correlation was found among these traits, implying three separate genetic mechanisms which segregate independently.
Clinical Anaerobic Infections

Abstract Clinical anaerobic infections are often associated with and in proximity to the mucous membranes where they are predominantly normal human flora. This wide variety of infections can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially when clinically unrecognized or ineffective antimicrobial therapy is selected or inadequate surgical therapy is utilized. These diverse infections may be located anywhere in the body but are usually associated with the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, female genitourinary tract and the fecal stream. Abscess formation and foul odor to a discharge or wound, and the presence of necrotic tissue are clinical clues of anaerobic infections.
Analyses of the Compressor Performance Impacts of Centrifugal Compressor Scroll Deformation Due to Installation

Centrifugal compressors have widely applications in industrial gas compression processes. Limitations of installation and compressor package always request to modify the compressor geometry to fit certain constrains. Very often, the modifications of the scroll were performed to meet the space constrains. To meet the installation and package requirements, we always modify the scroll and discharge pipe of the compressors. In this study, an original designed scroll and a modified scroll were analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The study is focused on the performance impacts of the scroll local deformation due to installation constrains. The CFD showed favorable agreements with experiments for original scroll. The detailed flow characters and performance impacts were discussed and results showed that current modifications of the scroll did not have significant impacts to the compressor performance. The study results can be used as a basic guidance for a compressor manufactures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Polymorphism in γ-casein fractions from the milk of individual cows

Abstract Polymorphism was demonstrated in 44 γ-casein fractions prepared from the milk of individual cows belonging to the Holstein and Jersey breeds. The γ-casein fraction is composed of 5 main components designated γ 1 , γ 2 , γ 3 , γ 4 and γ 5 . Each of γ 1 , γ 2 and γ 4 occurs in two variants, A, B, either singly or in pairs, while γ 3 , γ 6 are each represented by one zone. γ 3 occurred in practically all samples, while γ 5 occurred in about 40% of the samples. The relative band positions were: 0.70, 0.63, 0.43, 0.38, 0.22, 0.10, 0.05 and −0.017 for γ 1 A, γ 1 B, γ 2 A, γ 2 B, γ 3 , γ 4 A, γ 4 B and γ 5 respectively.
Detection performance of radar compressive sensing in noisy environments

In this paper, radar detection via compressive sensing is explored. Compressive sensing is a new theory of sampling which allows the reconstruction of a sparse signal by sampling at a much lower rate than the Nyquist rate. By using this technique in radar, the use of matched filter can be eliminated and high rate sampling can be replaced with low rate sampling. In this paper, compressive sensing is analyzed by applying varying factors such as noise and different measurement matrices. Different reconstruction algorithms are compared by generating ROC curves to determine their detection performance. We conduct simulations for a 64-length signal with 3 targets to determine the effectiveness of each algorithm in varying SNR. We also propose a simplified version of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). Through numerous simulations, we find that a simplified version of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), can give better results than the original OMP in noisy environments when sparsity is highly over estimated, but does not work as well for low noise environments.
Some observations on dinoflagellate population density during a bloom in a California reservoir1

Spatial and temporal distributions of Peridinium penardii were studied during a spring bloom. Blooms developed at the mouths of tributary streams after periods of high runoff and lasted for about 3 weeks. Allochthonous inputs may be necessary for the development of dinoflagellate blooms in this reservoir.
Effect of oxygen stoichiometry on softening of Raman active lattice modes in YBa 2 Cu 3 O x

Temperature-dependent frequency-shift and linewidth data of the Raman active 337-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ in-plane bond-bending mode have been measured for five different oxygen stoichiometries between x=7.00 and x=6.14 in polycrystalline samples. Softening and line-broadening effects observed for the x=7.00 sample are sharply reduced for x=6.87 even though the superconducting transition temperature is similar. With a further reduction of oxygen content below x=6.68 both the soft-mode behavior and the line-broadening effects completely disappear. These unexpected results could suggest a large variation in the interaction between the electronic system and the lattice as the oxygen content is varied.
How Diffusion of Power in Parliaments Affects Voter Choice

I analyze how the diffusion of power in parliaments affects voter choice. Using a two-step research design, I first estimate an individual-level model of voter choice in 14 parliamentary democracies, allowing voters to hold preferences both for the party most similar to them ideologically and for the party that pulls policy in their direction. While in systems in which power is concentrated the two motivations converge, in consensual systems they diverge: since votes will likely be watered down by bargaining in the parliament, outcome-oriented choice in consensual systems often leads voters to endorse parties whose positions differ from their own views. In the second step, I utilize institutional measures of power diffusion in the parliament to account for the degree to which voters in different polities pursue one motivation versus the other. I demonstrate that the more power diffusion and compromise built into the political system via institutional mechanisms, the more voters compensate for the watering down of their vote by endorsing parties whose positions differ from their own views.
Imagining the Whole: Ethnography's Contemporary Efforts To Situate Itself

Critique des modeles holistes classiques (fonctionnaliste et marxiste notamment) structurant les approches ethnographiques, et proposition d'une methodologie combinant l'approche micro et macro, a meme de prendre en compte tant l'intersubjectivite determinante dans ces enquetes, que les multiples interferences entre les differentes perspectives et niveaux d'approche
Student Perceptions of Internationalization, Multiculturalism, and Diversity in the Business School

Over the last five decades, business schools all over the world have adapted their strategies for introducing the theoretical and pedagogical consequences of globalization. Educational institutions have gone to great lengths to internationalize their curricula to stay current with the most recent trends in the globalizing economy. As this evolution takes place, the issues of multiculturalism and diversity are increasingly included in the internationalization dialogue. In this article we use qualitative focus groups to examine how U.S. business students experience the relationships among internationalization, multiculturalism, and diversity. Next, we consider the role of international business faculty in addressing this issue. We conclude by offering recommendations for successfully integrating these perspectives into a coherent curriculum.
An Investigation of Stress Level and Human Reliability Analysis of Two Security Companies in Taiwan

This article presents the results of an evaluation and comparison study of three subjective techniques for determining human reliability under stress for work performed at two Taiwanese security co...
Percutaneous Drainage of Aortic Aneurysm Sac Abscesses Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Purpose: To report preliminary experiences with the treatment of aortic aneurysm sac abscesses following prior endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) using computerized tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous drainage. Case Reports: Three patients aged 73 to 78 years with aortic aneurysm sac infections following prior EVAR, 2 of which were associated with aortoduodenal fistula, underwent CT-guided percutaneous drainage and catheter placement. One patient had complete resolution of the aortic aneurysm sac abscess following percutaneous drainage; 1 patient was stabilized to eventual extraanatomic bypass, graft explantation, and fistula repair; and 1 patient was temporized to debridement and fistula repair with endograft preservation. Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous drainage may be a helpful therapy in selected patients for the treatment of aortic aneurysm sac infections following EVAR.
Locational asymmetry and the potential for cooperation on a canal

Abstract Illegal water diversions and lax rule-enforcement are common on irrigation canals. We present a mathematical programming model of a watercourse, calibrated to a canal in Maharashtra on which farmers voted to cooperate to control water theft. The model solution computes the crop choices and profits of individually optimizing farmers who differ in their location. It reveals the spatial distribution of gains and losses from cooperation. It illuminates why voluntary bargaining will rarely achieve an efficient water allocation. It also shows that landless laborers might well be against local cooperation, if the expropriated water nurtures labor-intensive crops.
In vivo Modulation of Human Tumor Cell Growth by Normal Human Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is actively involved in the growth and maintenance of normal and neoplastic mammalian cells. It has been suggested that the growth-promoting factors sequestered within t
Influence of clonidine on the acute dependence response elicited in naive rats by naloxone

Abstract Clonidine has been used successfully in the treatment of opiate dependence. The discomforting effects of withdrawal are attenuated by the drug. The question of whether the more central process of dependence is affected by clonidine was tested in the present study. Change in plasma corticosterone was used as the indication of the stress of acute withdrawal from morphine. Conscious, unrestrained male rats showed a dose-related, though somewhat delayed, increase in plasma corticosterone after clonidine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg). The suggested mechanism for this effect involves presynaptic inhibition of noradrenergic neurons inhibiting CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) release. Similar animals showed an elevation of plasma corticosterone after naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) was administered 3 hrs following a single morphine-priming (10 mg/kg). The naloxone-precipitated response was unaffected by clonidine (0.04 mg/kg). This dose of clonidine did not substitute for morphine-priming to produce the naloxone-precipitated response. The data suggests that clonidine elevated plasma corticosterone by an indirect mechanism. Further, the stress associated with acute withdrawal is unaffected by clonidine suggesting that the drug does not alter dependence development.
Energy Efficiency Consequences of Scotopic Sensitivity

(1992). Energy Efficiency Consequences of Scotopic Sensitivity. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
Crystallization behavior in a highly driven marginal glass forming alloy

Abstract Al 90 Sm 10 , a marginal glass former, was rapidly solidified using Cu-block single roller melt spinning at wheel speeds of 30 and 40 m/s. The product phases of rapid solidification were identified and analyzed using high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. The as-quenched structure consists of a saturated amorphous phase and nanocrystalline Al with typical length scale of about 5 nm. The appearance of a pre-peak on HEXRD diffraction patterns and a low activation energy for first crystallization as determined using the Kissinger and Ozawa methods indicate some local ordering in the amorphous phase. The devitrification phase transformation path was determined using in situ high energy synchrotron radiation. Three phases, MS1, H1, and Al 4 Sm, were identified during decomposition of the amorphous phase. MS1, H1 and Al 4 Sm are cubic, hexagonal and orthorhombic metastable phases, respectively.
Identification and determination by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the compatible solute choline-O-sulfate in Limonium species and other halophytes

A sensitive and specific method was developed for determining choline-O-sulfate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, using a deuterium labelled choline-O-sulfate internal standard. This method was used to survey leaves or shoots of 30 native halophytic species from 14 families, collected from temperate and subtropical saline habitats. Twenty-three species had very little choline-O-sulfate (-1 dry wt) but Avicennia germinans contained 8 μmol g-1 dry wt, and all six members of the family Plumbaginaceae surveyed (Limonium spp. and Armeria maritima) accumulated > 100 μmol g-1 dry wt. Three cultivated Limonium species were also found to accumulate choline-O-sulfate when salinised with NaCl or with NaCl plus Na2SO4 under controlled environmental conditions. The identity of choline-O-sulfate in Limonium species was confirmed by high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry, by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and by analysis of hydrolysis products. Tests with Limonium leaf disks showed that the salt glands of this genus secrete very little sulfate. Possible roles for choline-O-sulfate in osmotic adjustment and sulfate detoxification are discussed.
Rank 3 extensions of Frobenius groups

Recently the study of finite permutation groups of rank 3 has received much attention. No doubt this is due to the fact that the new simple groups of Higman and Sims, McLaughlin, and Suzuki were constructed as rank 3 extensions of known permutation groups. Rank 3 extensions of multiply transitive groups have also been carefully studied. Tsuzuki [ 1 l] studied rank 3 extensions of S, , the symmetric group on n letters. Montague [S] classified the rank 3 extensions of PSI.,(q), PSU,(q), Sz(q), Ii(q), and A, . This paper is concerned with the rank 3 extensions of Frobenius groups. The analogous problem for doubly transitive groups is the classification of all transitive extensions of Frobenius groups, or equivalently the determination of all Zassenhaus groups which are not sharply doubly transitive. The problem for rank 3 groups is much easier than the classification of Zassenhaus groups, This is due to the fact that only a small number of groups occur. The main result of this paper is the following theorem.
Solid phase extraction and enrichment of essential fatty acid methyl esters from soy-derived biodiesel by novel π-complexing sorbents

Abstract The essential fatty acid (EFA) methyl esters, methyl linolenate (18:3) and methyl linoleate (18:2), were extracted and enriched from soy-derived biodiesel using novel π-complexing sorbents. These π-complexing sorbents were prepared by covalently immobilizing ionic liquids (ILs) onto silica and then coating these silica-supported ILs with silver salts. The silica-supported hydrophobic ILs enhanced the retention of silver salts on the solid sorbents. After the extraction of the polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (PUFAMEs) 18:3 and 18:2 from biodiesel using the sorbents, a decrease in NOx emissions and an enhancement of the oxidation stability of biodiesel can be obtained. Solid phase extraction was investigated using a simple three-step procedure consisting of (1) sorbent pre-treatment, (2) sample extraction onto the sorbent and (3) stripping the sorbent by desorption solvent. The factors influencing extraction capacity and selectivity were also studied. 10.5 Mg of sorbent AgBF 4 / SiO 2 · Im + · PF 6 - could completely adsorb the 18:3 (0.66 mg) from standard biodiesel hexane solution in 5 min. After a consecutive two-step stripping by diethyl ether and 1-hexene, the 18:3 concentration (wt.%) was increased from around 8.5% in the original biodiesel hexane solution to approximately 90% in the 1-hexene stripping solvent.
Soluble form of an HLA-B7 class I antigen specifically suppresses humoral alloimmunization.

Abstract A soluble HLA-B7 molecule, designated sB7 and generated by genetically engineering the B7 gene to remove the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, was tested as a tolerogen. Supernatants from cultures of C1R cells transfected with the gene for sB7 were harvested and concentrated, as were control supernatants. From days −17 to −1, C57B1/6 mice were pretreated with a total of 11 intraperitoneal doses of 1.0 μg each of sB7 or appropriate control supernatant, and then were challenged intraperitoneally on each of days 0, 7, and 14 with 10 6 C1R-B7 cells (expressing surface HLA-B7). Antibody kinetics revealed (1) anti-B7 was not induced after sB7 pretreatment; (2) the anti-B7 response of sB7-pretreated mice was marginal and of apparent low avidity compared with the brisk anti-B7 response of control mice; (3) none of the mice made antibody to a control HLA antigen, A24; (4) all mice made strong antibody responses to the non-B7 surface antigens of C1R; (5) free sB7 did not appear in the blood of the treated mice; and (6) all mice appeared to be generally healthy. These data show soluble B7 antigen is not immunogenic and appears to specifically block humoral immune response to cell membrane-bound HLA-B7 in a nontoxic manner. Human Immunology 40, 228–234 (1994)
Nanoscale photovoltaic performance in micro/nanopatterned CdTe-CdS thin film solar cells

A new approach to measure the local response of micropatterned CdTe based solar cells is presented. This method provides fast results with high spatial resolution and the ability to map short circuit current (I sh ), open circuit voltage (V oc ), maximum power, and fill factor. It is based on consecutive photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pcAFM) scans collected at different DC biases over the same area. An array of I–V response curves results based on spectra for any given location (image pixel) according to the photoresponse (pcAFM current contrast) as a function of the applied bias (image). Grains, grain boundaries and even twin boundaries are clearly resolved.
Intergroup communication schemas: Cognitive representations of talk with gay men

Abstract Despite a plethora of studies examining attitudes toward gay men, there are no data on heterosexuals’ communicative expectations about conversing with people inferred as belonging to this social category. Building upon prior work on intergenerational communication schemas, the present study represents a first attempt to fulfill this need through a content analysis (accompanied by illustrative discourse) of one hundred American heterosexuals’ cognitive and affective representations of conversations with gay men. Schemas identified included homonegative, gay stereotype, offense avoidance and learning about homosexuality and these were compared with schemas found previously in the intergenerational context. Concepts derived from social identity and social dominance theories were invoked to inform our interpretations of these gay-heterosexual narratives and directions for future research are discussed.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Acute Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with chronic liver disease are characterized by cerebral atrophy and bilateral, symmetric hyperintensities of the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images without corresponding signal intensities in T2-weighted images. Recently, distinct MRI changes of acute hepatic encephalopathy have been described which may be misinterpreted given their resemblance to hypoxic-ischemic injury imaging changes as well as their limited description in the neurologic literature. We describe 3 cases of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy primarily characterized by restricted diffusion involving the insular and cingulate cortices and thalamus bilaterally.
Strategy as Evolution with Design: The Foundations of Dynamic Capabilities and the Role of Managers in the Economic System

This paper discusses the intellectual roots of the dynamic capabilities framework. We draw on insights from Edith Penrose as well as others in order to help explain the essence of the business enterprise, and how it can escape the zero profit trap. We see the business enterprise as being in part a product of its own history, but not completely so. Managers can shape outcomes and are not completely trapped by prior decisions and investments. We call this `evolution with design', leaving room for both evolutionary processes as well as intentional design. This conclusion is consistent with Penrose's contributions to the theory of the firm.
Vortex Clogging, Commensuration, and Diodes in Asymmetric Constriction Arrays

We numerically study superconducting vortices confined by an array of asymmetric funnels. For driving in the easy direction, we find peaks in the depinning force at commensurate matching fields where the vortex arrangements in each plaquette are identical. The commensuration effects are reduced for driving in the hard direction, but the overall depinning forces are much higher, indicating that the system exhibits a diode effect. When flux builds up in one or more of the funnels, the flow can be completely blocked in a probabilistic clogging event. Complete or partial clogging produces sudden drops in the velocity-force curves that should be observable experimentally.
Amino acid racemization reveals differential protein turnover in osteoarthritic articular and meniscal cartilages.

Introduction Certain amino acids within proteins have been reported to change from the L form to the D form over time. This process is known as racemization and is most likely to occur in long-lived low-turnover tissues such as normal cartilage. We hypothesized that diseased tissue, as found in an osteoarthritic (OA) joint, would have increased turnover reflected by a decrease in the racemized amino acid content.
The composition and distribution of meiofauna and nanobiota in a central North Pacific deep-sea area

A series of in situ subsamples from four box cores taken in the central North Pacific at 5800 m were analyzed for abundance and biomass of fauna and sediment porosity. Three classes of biota were distinguished (nanobiota, meiofauna and macrofauna) primarily on the basis of taxonomic affinity rather than size. Nanobiota and meiofauna occured in the deepest layer of sediment sampled (5.5 cm); however 90% of their numbers and biomass were found in the upper 3 cm of the sediment. In addition, nanobiota were significantly richer at the sediment-water interface than at depth. Metazoan meiofauna were most abundant in more porous sediments. Their density under manganese nodules did not differ significantly from that in open sediment. A characteristic scale of horizontal dispersion for metazoan meiofauna could not be discerned because their density showed both homogeneity and heterogeneity within and between box cores. Meiofauna and nanobiota dominated the fauna in numbers (0.3 and 99.7%, respectively) and biomass (63.8 and 34.9%, respectively). Foraminifera comprised 86.6% of the meiofaunal biomass, making them the singly most important component of the entire infaunal assemblage. The relative numerical density of meiofauna and macrofauna at the site did not differ from that in a shallow-water site at Martha's Vineyard. At both sites meiofauna were two orders of magnitude more abundant than macrofauna. The relative biomass of the two faunal groups did differ, however, with dominance of macrofauna in shallow water and dominance of meiofauna in the deep sea.
Metabolic compartmentation in amphibian skin epidermis: a computer simulation study

Abstract In earlier publications a multicompartmental model of amphibian epidermis has been proposed and used to study the kinetics of flow of Na+ within and across the epidermis. The model featured two Na+ pumps, one located in the outermost, the other in the remaining inner epithelial cell layers. In the present study this model was applied to investigate effects of varying the activity of one or the other Na+ pump. By computer simulation data were obtained on: Transient and steady state flux rates under influx, backflux, and net flux initial conditions; steady state Na+ pool sizes in all compartments; flow of Na+ between compartments; pathways of flow; “outer border” electrical potential, and O2 consumption for Na+ transport. Each pump accomplishes a certain task (transepidermal Na+ transport; maintenance of bulk Na+ balance) with little overlap in the respective domains of activities. Certain exceptions are discussed. This model is consistent with data in the literature on the effects of drugs or temperature on Na+ transport and bulk Na+ balance.
The synthesis: A sociopolitical critique of the liberal professions

(1990). The synthesis: A sociopolitical critique of the liberal professions. Social Epistemology: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 229-258.
ICP SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FINE CERAMICS CONVERTED TO THIN FILM BY RF SPUTTERING

RF sputtering technique has been applied to the determination of major and minor elements in sintered fine ceramics. Alumina, zirconia and PLZT converted to thin films on the qualtz plate are dissolved in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, and analysed by ICP-AES. Analytical results are agreed with reported values of the original ceramic target after optimization of RF power, kind of sputtering gas and its pressure for each ceramics.
Synthesis of New Polyelectrolytes via Backbone Quaternization of Poly(aryloxy- and alkoxyphosphazenes) and their Small Molecule Counterparts

Novel polyelectrolytes were synthesized by quaternization of the backbone of poly(alkoxy- and aryloxyphosphazenes) with strong alkylation reagents. As models for the synthesis of these polymers, similar quaternization reactions were also carried out on small-molecule alkoxy and aryloxy cyclotriphosphazenes. The quaternized small molecules and high polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, 31 P NMR, DSC, TGA, and AC impedance studies. The quaternized poly(alkoxyphosphazenes) showed ionic conductivities of 2.58 × 10 −4 S·cm −1 at 25 °C and 2.09 × 10 −3 S·cm −1 at 80 °C, which are among the highest values for known solvent-free ionically conducting polymers.
In Vivo Selection for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opacity Protein Expression in the Absence of Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecules

The neisserial opacity (Opa) proteins are phase-variable, antigenically distinct outer membrane proteins that mediate adherence to and invasion of human cells. We previously reported that Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opa protein expression appeared to be selected for or induced during experimental murine genital tract infection. Here we further defined the kinetics of recovery of Opa variants from the lower genital tracts of female mice and investigated the basis for this initial observation. We found that the recovery of different Opa phenotypes from mice appears cyclical. Three phases of infection were defined. Following intravaginal inoculation with primarily Opa− gonococci, the majority of isolates recovered were Opa+ (early phase). A subsequent decline in the percentage of Opa+ isolates occurred in a majority of mice (middle phase) and was followed by a reemergence of Opa+ variants in mice that were infected for longer than 8 days (late phase). We showed the early phase was due to selection for preexisting Opa+ variants in the inoculum by constructing a chloramphenicol-resistant (Cmr) strain and following Cmr Opa+ populations mixed with a higher percentage of Opa− variants of the wild-type (Cms) strain. Reciprocal experiments (Opa− Cmr gonococci spiked with Opa+ Cms bacteria) were consistent with selection of Opa+ variants. Based on the absence in mice of human carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecules, the major class of Opa protein adherence receptors, we conclude the observed selection for Opa+ variants early in infection is not likely due to a specific adherence advantage and may be due to Opa-mediated evasion of innate defenses.
Testosterone Polydimethylsiloxane Implants and Contraception in Male Rabbits

Numerous experiments (1–4) have shown that low doses (5 mg/kg/day) of testosterone inhibit spermatogenesis in intact rats whereas high closes (10 mg/kg/ day) qualitatively maintain spermatogenesis in adult hypophysectomized rats. The capacity of testosterone to exert differential effects on spermatogenesis has been attributed to the fact that low doses of testosterone effectively inhibit the secretion of pituitary gonadotrophic hormones, but are insufficient to achieve direct stimulation of the seminiferous epithelium (5). In view of these findings it is not surprising that appropriate androgen therapy (6, 7) results in azoospermia in man that can be reversed upon withdrawal of the hormonal steroid.
Missing in Action: Physical Activity for Women with Heart Disease

Missing in Action: Physical Activity for Women with Heart Disease Heart disease is the number one killer of women; yet, a large portion of research is focused on intervening in women with heart disease rather than prevention of heart disease. Primary prevention is the focus on minimizing modifiable cardiac risk factors (physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia) to prevent the coronary heart disease (CHD) while secondary prevention focuses on minimizing modifiable cardiac risk factors to halt, delay, or reverse the disease process.
Synthetic Seismograms from Vibracores: A Case Study in Correlating the Late Quaternary Seismic Stratigraphy of the New Jersey Inner Continental Shelf

ABSTRACT A new technique, using empirical relationships between median grain size and density and velocity to calculate proxy values for density and velocity, avoids many of the problems associated with the use of well logs and shipboard measurements to construct synthetic seismograms. This method was used to groundtruth and correlate across both analog and digital shallow high-resolution seismic data on the New Jersey shelf. Sampling dry vibracores to determine median grain size eliminates the detrimental effects that coring disturbances and preservation variables have on the sediment and water content of the core. The link between seismic response to lithology and bed spacing is more exact. The exact frequency of the field seismic data can be realistically simulated by a 10-20 cm sampling in erval of the vibracores. The estimate of the percentage error inherent in this technique, 12% for acoustic impedance and 24% for reflection amplitude, is calculated to one standard deviation and is within a reasonable limit for such a procedure. The synthetic seismograms of two cores, 4-6 m long, were used to correlate specific sedimentary deposits to specific seismic reflection responses. Because this technique is applicable to unconsolidated sediments, it is ideal for upper Pleistocene and Holocene strata.
Regulation of microRNA-7-5p and LRP6 by Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNAs in Burkitt's Lymphoma Cell Line Akata

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small non-coding RNAs (EBERs) are abundantly expressed in various EBVassociated malignancies, and play critical roles in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis resistance. However, the mechanism how EBERs regulate cell function awaits further clarification. In this study, we investigated the effect of EBERs on the expression of cellular microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression. To test the effect of EBERs while unaffected by other EBV genes, we used EBERs-deleted recombinant EBV infected Burkitt"s lymphoma cell line (Akata(+)EBERs(-)) as well as EBV-infected (Akata(+)) and EBV uninfected (Akata(-)) cell lines. They all have the same genetic backgrounds. First, 15 different cellular miRNAs which have reverse complementary sequences to EBERs and have reported targets were selected by bioinformatics analysis. When RT-PCR was carried out for the 16 miRNAs using RNAs from Akata(+), Akata(-), and Akata(+)EBERs(-) cells, hsa-miR-7-5p was the only one showing downregulated expression in Akata(+) than in Akata(-) and Akata(+)EBERs(-) cells. Bioinformatics and mRNA microarray analyses for Akata(+), Akata(-), and Akata(+)EBERs(-) cell lines were then carried out to predict putative targets of hsa-miR-7-5p. Among the 6 predicted targets of hsa-miR-7-5p, only low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) was up-regulated in EBERs-expressing cells when tested by RT-PCR and Western blot. However, luciferase reporter assay showed that the 3"-UTR of LRP6 was not directly targeted by hsa-miR-7-5p. Our data suggest that both hsa-miR-7-5p and LRP6 are regulated by EBERs in Akata cells, and these genes may partly mediate the tumorigenic function of EBERs in Burkitt"s lymphoma.
A power comparison of generalized additive models and the spatial scan statistic in a case-control setting

Background A common, important problem in spatial epidemiology is measuring and identifying variation in disease risk across a study region. In application of statistical methods, the problem has two parts. First, spatial variation in risk must be detected across the study region and, second, areas of increased or decreased risk must be correctly identified. The location of such areas may give clues to environmental sources of exposure and disease etiology. One statistical method applicable in spatial epidemiologic settings is a generalized additive model (GAM) which can be applied with a bivariate LOESS smoother to account for geographic location as a possible predictor of disease status. A natural hypothesis when applying this method is whether residential location of subjects is associated with the outcome, i.e. is the smoothing term necessary? Permutation tests are a reasonable hypothesis testing method and provide adequate power under a simple alternative hypothesis. These tests have yet to be compared to other spatial statistics.
A Practical Survey of H.264 Capabilities

H.264 is excellent for transmitting rich interactive media over narrow and broadband networks, and can be easily integrated into existing and future networks. Video compression efficiency is improved by at least a factor of two over the MPEG-2 standard. H.264 provides bit-rate adaptivity and scalability, which addresses the needs of different applications when transmitted over heterogeneous networks. This is also necessary for applications where the receiving device is not capable of displaying full resolution or full quality video images. This paper provides new insights into the key features of the H.264 based on actual experiments. It also illustrates how the strengths of different capabilities can be combined in a complementary fashion. Among the key attributes of H.264 that were tested include profile type, CABAC and CAVLC, RDO, and FMO error concealment.
Liturgy against History: The Competing Visions of Lanfranc and Eadmer of Canterbury

L'A. aborde la question des rapports entre Normands et Anglo-Saxons apres la conquete de l'Angleterre par Guillaume de Normandie en prenant l'exemple de la politique religieuse de la ville de Canterbury, siege de l'archeveque Lanfranc (1070-89) et de l'image qu'en donne l'historiographe Eadmer de Canterbury (1060-1125).
Fully self-organized key agreement for ad-hoc wireless networks

This paper proposes a self-organizing bootstrap- ping protocol for establishing authenticated channels as well as secure identifiers in peer-to-peer networks. Specifically, the paper makes the following contributions. (1) It proposes a fully self-organized protocol that establishes an authenticated communication channel between nodes of a wireless ad-hoc network. This authenticated channel can then be used to establish a secret communication channel between nodes. This is the main contribution. (2) The protocol design also provides a secure identifier framework that is resilient to impersonation. The authentic identifiers it establishes can be used to associate network (and upper) layer identifiers to prevent spoofing. They can also serve as a reliable basis for reputation management protocols. The self-organized bootstrapping is a useful feature for designing autonomic systems.
Towards the augmenting role of authenticity:Xenophon as leadership theorist

The current literature is replete with calls for greater discernment of more positive forms of leadership. In particular, leader authenticity has been proposed as a significant predictor of followe...
Community views on neurologic emergency treatment trials.

Study objective We improve our understanding of the community consultation process for acute neurologic emergency trials conducted under the federal regulations for Exception From Informed Consent (EFIC) for emergency research. Methods We performed a qualitative study using focus groups to collect data from patients with a previous stroke or brain injury and their families and from young men at risk for traumatic brain injury. Discussions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for major themes and subthemes. Results Five focus groups, involving 40 participants, were convened. Major themes included the awareness and understanding of key clinical trial concepts, including prominent concerns about placebo and therapeutic misconception; inability to obtain informed consent and acceptable surrogate decisionmaking; EFIC in emergency research and whether existing regulations are acceptable; specific trial design problems, including comparison to standard of care versus 2 competing active therapies; and community consultation and representation. Conclusion In this study sample, EFIC trials were deemed appropriate and acceptable for acute neurologic emergency research. Education, along with open discussion about basic clinical research concepts, disease- and trial-specific information, and potential surrogate decisionmaking, was essential to determine the acceptability of an EFIC trial. Approval by institutional review boards was highly regarded as a means of human protection and effective community consultation for such trials. A data repository of information gained from similar qualitative research may help investigators and regulators who wish to plan, conduct, review, and provide oversight for acute neurologic emergency trials under EFIC regulations.
Orienting generalized polygonal parts

K.Y. Goldberg (1990) described an algorithm for orienting planar polygonal parts using a modified parallel-jaw gripper. The authors extend this algorithm to handle parts with curved edges. They define a generalized polygon as a planar figure made up of piecewise linear and circular edges, and a generalized polygonal part as one of constant cross section, the convex hull of which is a generalized polygon. For this class of parts a complete algorithm for determining an optimal parts-orienting strategy is presented. >
Guglielmi Detachable Coil Embolization of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background— Early multicenter trials of Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of posterior circulations aneurysms have been followed by the publication of numerous single-center experiences. Summary of Review— We performed a MEDLINE literature search and extracted data from single-center reports containing at least 10 posterior circulation aneurysms. Twelve reports (495 aneurysms) were specific to the posterior circulation. Eighty-two percent of aneurysms arose near the basilar apex. Eighty-one percent of patients harbored unruptured aneurysms or presented in good clinical condition. Sixty-three percent of lesions were small, and 41% exhibited a narrow neck. Coil deposition was achieved in 97.6% of cases. Procedural complication and morbidity rates were 12.5% and 5.1%, respectively. Procedural and 30-day mortality rates were 1.4% and 6.7%, respectively. Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 47.6%, near-complete occlusion (90% to 99%) in 43.4%, and incomplete occlusion in 9.0% of cases. There were a...
Early Literacy Instruction in a Dual-Language (Spanish—English) Kindergarten:

This study determined the effectiveness of an early literacy program that embeds skills-based instruction into meaningful contexts, documented children's engagement in the instruction, and obtained insights into how language of origin (Spanish or English) influences performance in instruction in two languages. The program, Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy Instruction (SEEL), is a meaning-based approach that highlights literacy targets in hands-on and interactive activities. Researchers monitored the progress of children participating in dual-language Spanish—English classrooms and compared performance of classrooms where instruction was applied to different skills at different times (first or second 6-week block of instruction). ANCOVAs were conducted with time of assessment (Posttest 1 and Posttest 2) and class (alliteration first versus rhyme first) as independent variables, mean raw score for each of the tasks (rhyme, alliteration, blending, and word recognition) as dependent variables, and enter...
Endoscopic strangulation techniques for treatment of upper GI mucosal and submucosal lesions

Band ligation EMR is an effective therapy for selected subepithelial lesions in the upper GI tract. Endoscopic strangulation without endoscopic resection may be an effective alternative in patients or lesions with a high risk of bleeding or perforation. This video demonstrates strangulation techniques with the band ligator and endoloop in the upper GI tract (Video 1, available at www.giejournal. org). This case series includes the following: case 1, endoscopic strangulation of a dysplastic esophageal polyp (with a feeding artery seen on EUS) with use of an endoloop in a post–cardiac transplantation patient receiving dual antiplatelet therapy; case 2, endoscopic strangulation of multiple (type 1) gastric carcinoids with banding; case 3, endoscopic strangulation of a gastric GI stromal tumor by use of an endoloop (Fig. 1); and case 4, endoscopic strangulation of a duodenal bulb carcinoid with banding in a patient with cirrhosis. The endoscopic strangulation technique is particularly useful for such easily accessible lesions in patients with an increased risk of bleeding or perforation with the performance of resection. A distinct disadvantage, however, is the lack of a resected tissue specimen for histology, staging, and evaluation of the completeness of resection. In addition, use of the endoloop carries the risk of premature loss of the endoloop and cutting through the stalk or base of a lesion (“cheese-wiring”) while the loop is being tightened and cinched, which would inadvertently increase the risk of bleeding resulting from resection without the application of cautery.