cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Aerial Image Sensor for Lithography Diagnostics

The subject of this paper is a novel aerial image sensor (IAIS) suitable for integration within the surface of an autonomous test wafer. The IAIS could be used as a lithography processing monitor, affording a "wafer's eye view" of the process, and therefore facilitating advanced process control and diagnostics without integrating (and dedicating) the sensor to the processing equipment. The main IAIS challenge is to retrieve nm-scale aerial image detail, while utilizing micrometer scale photo detector pixels. To address this problem, we propose a design of an on-wafer aperture mask that, when combined with an appropriate periodic aerial image, will produce a low spatial frequency interference pattern. While we demonstrate a design example aimed at the 65nm technology node through TEMPEST simulation, this concept is easily scalable to several future technology. We also detail the IAIS modeling techniques based on the Abbe's formulation. The performance of the IAIS under different lithography settings can be predicted accordingly. Five metrology metrics are proposed to facilitate resonant analysis on the aerial image variation and the detector image correspondence. Best focus plane calibration is discussed in some detail finally using partial coherent image modeling techniques.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Technologies for Construction

This book will be of particular interest to academics, researchers, and graduate students at universities and industrial practitioners seeking to apply mobile and pervasive computing systems to improve construction industry productivity.
Lipoprotein lipase gene sequencing and plasma lipid profile

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism by hydrolyzing triglyceride (TG)-rich particles and affecting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. In this study, the entire LPL gene plus flanking regions were resequenced in individuals with extreme HDL-C/TG levels (n = 95), selected from a population-based sample of 623 US non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. A total of 176 sequencing variants were identified, including 28 novel variants. A subset of 64 variants [common tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNP) and selected rare variants] were genotyped in the total sample, followed by association analyses with major lipid traits. A gene-based association test including all genotyped variants revealed significant association with HDL-C (P = 0.024) and TG (P = 0.006). Our single-site analysis revealed seven independent signals (P
Evaluation of shared-view acquisition using repeated echoes (SHARE): a dual-echo fast spin-echo MR technique.

PURPOSE To compare the clinical efficacy of a dual-echo fast spin-echo imaging technique, SHARE (share-view acquisition using repeated echoes), with conventional long-repetition-time spin-echo imaging. METHODS Conventional spin-echo and SHARE fast spin-echo MR images of the brain were acquired in 50 randomized patients and interpreted separately in conjunction with the T1-weighted images. All images were reviewed independently by two neuroradiologists who were blinded to the clinical history and previous interpretations. RESULTS The diagnoses rendered for the spin-echo and SHARE images were concordant in 48 of the 50 subjects (96%) by the first reader and in all 50 cases (100%) by the second reader. SHARE images were acquired in one-fourth of the imaging time yet image contrast, quality, and sensitivity to long T2 lesions were comparable. The SHARE technique was less sensitive to hemorrhagic residua. CONCLUSIONS SHARE is a viable time-saving alternative to the conventional long-repetition-time pulse sequence. Although SHARE images are not as sensitive to magnetic susceptibility effects, the time saved using this technique could be used to perform a gradient-echo sequence when indicated.
Research on the Effects of Test Interpretation A Review

This article reviews four decades of research on test interpretation. It concludes that the intended effects of this intervention have been demonstrated. There seems no clear evidence, however, for the effectiveness of one interpretation modality over another, though clients seem to prefer individual interpretations. Also examined in the article are client and counselor variables that alone and in interaction may affect test interpretations. Literature on the Barnum Effect is discussed briefly as a possible area of 'basic research " in test interpretation. Finally, several issues (e.g., criteria) that merit attention both by researchers and research consumers are discussed
A condition on plausible inducements.

Searle's analysis of categorial promises is extended to the case of conditional promises and threats (inducements), and a condition on the pragmatic plausibility of inducements is spelled out in terms of the relation between the value/cost of the act being requested or forbidden and the value/cost of the incentive being offered. Some data comprised of judgments as to the ordinariness/strangeness of a number of different sorts of inducement statements are presented to show that subjects are sensitive to the felicity condition suggested.
The Role of Perceived Opportunity in Fertility Choice: Evidence from Latin America

We hypothesize that the perceived returns to human capital and to income uncertainty are important determinants of recent cross-sectional variation in Latin American fertility. An empirical study of cross-country individual level data supports the hypothesis. In particular, we find that a higher perceived return to human capital and higher income uncertainty both lead to higher fertility, all else equal. We interpret the evidence to suggest that increasing economic opportunity in Latin America should be accompanied by institutions that provide social protection in order to promote further decreases in fertility toward the replacement rate.
Magnesium Modeling using SolidWorks

Increased cost and complexity associated with orthopaedic surgeries has led to advancements in degradable materials.Â Degradable metals like magnesium have shown great promise as magnesium based alloys provide the strength of metals but the degradability of polymers.Â As the development of degradable magnesium alloys expands there is a significant need for simplified computational models that can account for the numerous mechanical changes associated with degradation.Â The current study examined initial in silico models of Magnesium samples to gain insight on how degradation impacts mechanical performance over time.Â Models of magnesium rods were created and analyzed using the finite element analysis functionality in a commercially available software package. Â SolidWorks is widely known for its design capabilities and generation of 3D solid models; however its analyses capabilities would be useful for such a smart material, like magnesium.Â Â Therefore, this work explores the analysis capabilities of SolidWorks, for degradable magnesium in a skeletal environment.
Parvimonas micra: A rare cause of native joint septic arthritis

Parvimonas micra is a fastidious, anaerobic, gram positive coccus, which is found in normal human oral and gastrointestinal flora. It has also been known as Peptostreptococcus micros and Micromonas micros with its most recent re-classification in 2006. It has been described in association with hematogenous seeding of prosthetic joints [1,2]. Several cases of discitis and osteomyelitis have been described in association with dental procedures and periodontal disease often with a subacute presentation. However, cases of native joint septic arthritis are limited [3-5]. Per our literature review, there is one case of native knee septic arthritis described in 1999, with a prolonged time to diagnosis and treatment due to difficulty culturing P. micra. The previously reported patient experienced significant joint destruction and morbidity [6]. Advances in culture techniques and new methods of organism identification including MALDI-TOF and 16s rRNA sequencing have lead to increased identification of this organism, which may be a more frequent bone and joint pathogen than previously realized.
Evidence Against Infection with Hantaviruses Among Forest and Park Workers in the Southwestern United States

To determine if individuals with extensive exposure to rodent habitats were infected with Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV), we evaluated forest and park service personnel from the region of endemicity in the southwestern United States. Information about work and recreational activities, including exposure to rodents and a history of recent illnesses, was obtained via a standardized questionnaire. Serum specimens were also collected. Of 140 participating workers, 84 (60%) were primarily engaged in outdoor work activities, 14 (10%) were office-based supervisors, and 42 (30%) were office workers. Of the 140 employees, 89 (64%) reported repeated exposures to rodents, rodent nests, and/or rodent droppings ; 22 (16%) reported trapping or handling wild rodents. Hantavirus antibodies were not detected in any park employee. These data suggest that transmission of SNV is a rare event even among persons in the southwestern United States who have a high level of exposure to this virus. Although park employees and visitors in this region are at low risk of infection with SNV, these persons should continue to use recommended measures for risk reduction.
Implication of the Strand-Specific Imprinting and Segregation Model: Integrating in utero Hormone Exposure, Stem Cell and Lateral Asymmetry Hypotheses in Breast Cancer Aetiology.

Known genetic mutations and familial hereditary factors account for less than 20–25% of breast cancer cases in women, therefore, most instances have been classified as sporadic cases of unknown aetiologies. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were considered as breast cancer risk factors, but numerous studies have failed to support this assertion. Recent evidence correlates aberrant epigenetic mechanisms in the development and metastatic progression of breast cancer, yet there has been limited progress made to identify the primary aetiology underlying sporadic cases of breast cancer. This has led some researchers to consider alternative hypotheses including in utero exposure to deleterious chemical agents during early development, the immortal strand and the strand-specific imprinting and selective chromatid segregation hypotheses. Here, we integrate prominent alternate models to help guide future research on this very important topic concerning human health.
Application of Glass Capillary Columns to Monitor Petroleum-Type Hydrocarbons in Marine Sediments

High resolution glass capillary columns coated with SE 52 liquid phase were used to resolve the indigenous hydrocarbons extracted from sediment samples collected from three outer continental shelf areas. The extracts were than spiked with small amounts of aliphatic or aromatic components isolated from a Louisiana crude oil and rechromatographed. The resolution was sufficient to separate almost all the isoprenoid, branched and cyclic alkanes associated with petroleum. Additionally, many of the key petroleum aromatics could also be resolved from naturally occurring organics. Such chromatographic procedures will aid in distinguishing between indigenous hydrocarbons of contemporary origin and those known to be associated with fossil hydrocarbon pollution of marine sediments.
The Mineralogy Research of the Brucite in Dongqin Brucite Mine

The mineralogy of the brucite in Dongqin brucite mine was studied by using electronic microscope and X-ray powder diffraction,and the behavior mineral property of the brucite was determined.It is concluded that the brucite of Xiuyan Dongqin mine belongs to turquoise fiber aggregation,its contents has very few impurity,its grade is high.and it is worthwhile to development further.
Construction of RNA-Seq Libraries from Large and Microscopic Tissues for the Illumina Sequencing Platform

Second-generation DNA sequencing platforms have emerged as powerful tools in biological research. Their high sequence output at lower cost and minimal input DNA requirement render them suitable for broad applications ranging from gene expression studies to personalized clinical diagnostics. Here, we describe the preparation of cDNA libraries, from both whole aphid insects and their microscopic salivary gland tissues, suitable for high-throughput DNA sequencing on the Illumina platform.
Contemporary management of prostate cancer with lethal potential

Screening for prostate cancer by determining serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels has resulted in a stage migration such that patients with high-risk disease are more likely to be candidates for curative local therapy. By combining serum PSA, clinical stage, and biopsy information-both Gleason score and volume of tumor in the biopsy cores-specimen pathologic stage and patient biochemical disease-free survival can be estimated. This information can help patients and clinicians understand the severity of disease and the need for multimodal therapy, often in the context of a clinical trial. While the mainstays of treatment for local disease control are radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, systemic therapy must be considered as well. A randomized trial has shown a survival benefit for radical prostatectomy in patients with positive lymph nodes who undergo immediate adjuvant androgen deprivation. Clinical trials are needed to clarify whether adjuvant radiation therapy after surgery confers a survival benefit. PSA is a sensitive marker for follow-up after local treatment and has proven that conventional external-beam irradiation alone is inadequate treatment for high-risk disease. Fortunately, the technology of radiation delivery has been dramatically improved with tools such as three-dimensional conformal radiation, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The further contributions of pelvic irradiation and neoadjuvant, concurrent, and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy have been defined in clinical trials. Future management of high-risk prostate cancer may be expanded by clinical trials evaluating neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with androgen deprivation.
The group-as-a-whole approach: an appraisal.

(1981). The Group-as-a-Whole Approach: An Appraisal. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 409-427.
Presidents on the cycle: Elections, audience costs, and coercive diplomacy:

This study investigates an observable implication of audience cost theory. Building upon rational expectations theories of voters’ choice and foreign policy substitutability theory, it posits that audience costs vary over the electoral calendar. It then assesses whether US presidents’ major responses in international crises reflect the variability in audience costs in an analysis of 66 international crises between 1937 and 2006. Using out-of-sample tests, this study finds that tying-hand commitment strategies were more frequent closer to presidential elections, as expected from audience cost theory. It also finds that the fluctuation of audience costs over the electoral calendar is non-linear.
Neo-Pragmatism and its Critics

A basic idea of pragmatism can be formulated as the view that it is action, rather than consciousness, that is the vehicle of thought.1 Moreover, pragmatists link actions to inventive self-development and creative problem solving. In the modern period, we find this inchoate idea emerging both in Bacon’s conjoining of the ideas of knowledge and power and in Descartes’s somewhat ambivalent suggestion that results are the ultimate test of a theory’s truth. By the late nineteenth century these ideas inspired the development of a series of theories of inquiry and reason that began with Peirce, and continued through James to Dewey and Mead. But pragmatism has never enjoyed a singular canonical characterization. Arthur Lovejoy, in fact, outlines no fewer than 13 varieties of pragmatism.2 Under the influence of the later Wittgenstein, contemporary forms of pragmatism shifted into the neo-pragmatic variants we find in Quine, Sellars, Putnam, Rorty, Apel, Habermas, Brandom, and perhaps Davidson. Goodman, Kuhn, and Toulmin could probably be added to the list.
Free-standing silver/carbon nanotube metal matrix composite thin films

Advanced metal matrix composite (MMC) thin-film electrodes were fabricated utilizing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a reinforcement material. The MMCs were embedded with SWCNT thin films of 10, 20, and 50 nm thicknesses between thermally evaporated 1.5 µm Ag layers. A method has been developed to release the MMCs as free-standing films, and tensile testing was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The MMC containing a 20-nm SWCNT layer achieved a ~30 % increase in ultimate tensile strength, and a ~100 % increase in strain-to-failure, resulting in a ~150 % increase in toughness compared to Ag control samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the MMC microstructure revealed a decrease in Ag grain size with increased SWCNT loading, which correlated with the mechanical performance to identify the critical range of SWCNT layer thicknesses to achieve reinforcement. SEM also revealed SWCNTs protruding more than 1 μm from the fracture edges, indicating the potential of the MMCs to bridge micro-cracks in electrodes. The collective results show promise for SWCNT MMCs as an advanced electrode material capable of bridging micro-cracks in solar cells and flexible electronics.
Visible Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Based on a Ru(II) Polypyridyl Chromophore and Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle Catalyst

Preparation of Ru(II) polypyridyl–iridium oxide nanoparticle (IrOX NP) chromophore–catalyst assemblies on an FTO|nanoITO|TiO2 core/shell by a layer-by-layer procedure is described for application in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPEC). Significantly enhanced, bias-dependent photocurrents with Lumencor 455 nm 14.5 mW/cm2 irradiation are observed for core/shell structures compared to TiO2 after derivatization with [Ru(4,4′-PO3H2bpy)2(bpy)]2+ (RuP2) and uncapped IrOX NPs at pH 5.8 in NaSiF6 buffer with a Pt cathode. Photocurrents arising from photolysis of the resulting photoanodes, FTO|nanoITO|TiO2|−RuP2,IrO2, are dependent on TiO2 shell thickness and applied bias, reaching 0.2 mA/cm2 at 0.5 V vs AgCl/Ag with a shell thickness of 6.6 nm. Long-term photolysis in the NaSiF6 buffer results in a marked decrease in photocurrent over time due to surface hydrolysis and loss of the chromophore from the surface. Long-term stability, with sustained photocurrents, has been obtained by atomic layer depos...
Treatment Integrity in Interventions for Children Diagnosed with DSM-5 Disorders

Treatment (also known as , , or ) refers to the reliable and accurate implementation of an intervention. Treatment integrity (TI) is a term that refers to how the treatment which is actually administered is similar to the theoretical and procedural components of the intended treatment model (Dusenbury, Brannigan, Falco, & Hansen, 2003; Nezu & Nezu, 2008; Reed & Codding, 2011). Failing to control for treatment integrity can result in several issues (Livanis, Benvenuto, Mertturk, & Hanthorn, 2013). First, if a treatment is not implemented with fidelity, clinicians cannot reliably evaluate the effects of the independent variable upon the dependent variable (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007; Kazdin, 2011). In these instances, the intervention takes on multiple “lives”—one which exists on paper and one which is actually implemented—both of which may be similar to one another but are not exactly the same (Livanis & Mercer, in press). Second, there is the potential lack of improvement among clients. When interventions are implemented with higher rates of treatment integrity, there is a stronger association with positive treatment outcomes (DiGennaro, Martens, & Kleinman, 2007; DiGennaro, Martens, & McIntyre, 2005; Erhardt, Barnett, Lentz, Stollar, & Raifin, 1996; Hogue et al., 2008). When well-designed interventions are implemented correctly, there tends to be positive effects on clients.
Mamãe eu quero: Carmen Miranda’s Maternal Abundance

Na resenha do segundo filme estrelado por Carmen Miranda em Hollywood, Uma noite no Rio (That Night in Rio, 1941), a revista Variety assinalou de que maneira sua presenca como coadjuvante claramente roubava a cena dos supostos protagonistas: “[Don] Ameche esta correto em seu duplo papel, e Miss [Alice] Faye esta muito atraente, mas e a tempestuosa Miranda que dispara na frente, desde a primeira sequencia”. Esse tipo de comentario parece indicar certa surpresa com o fato de que Carmen, estando em terceiro lugar nos creditos, aparecesse de forma tao central ja no inicio do filme. Efetivamente, todos os tres primeiros filmes que Carmen fez para a 20th Century Fox em Hollywood abrem com um numero musical seu, antes que qualquer fala fosse pronunciada. Este formato em comum apresenta Carmen para o publico sem um nome de personagem, sem um foco narrativo ou (como discutirei adiante) forte marcacao de espaco e tempo. De outro modo, essas aberturas enfatizam Carmen como forca central e dominante - seu corpo com elaborados acessorios e movimentos, seu desempenho vocal unico e, de muitas maneiras, seu mundo.
CHAPTER 3 – The Effects of Events

This chapter discusses the representation of the effects of events on world properties. Events change the state of the world. When an event occurs, some properties of the world that are false become true and some properties of the world that are true become false. The chapter explains positive and negative effect axioms, commonly used effect axiom idioms, preconditions, and state constraints. The changes produced by an event may depend on the context in which the event occurs; an event may have one effect in one context and another effect in another context. Therefore, effect axioms contain conditions representing contexts. Furthermore, an action precondition is a requirement that must be satisfied for the occurrence of an event. An event whose action precondition is not satisfied cannot occur. Action precondition axioms provide an elaboration-tolerant way of expressing qualifications.
Hormone Replacement Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors

With recent emphasis toward early detection and with improved therapies, breast cancer is, increasingly, being diagnosed at a localised and curable stage More women, are therefore, entering menopau...
Mediating Effects of Social Support and Internalized Homonegativity on the Association Between Population Density and Mental Health Among Gay and Bisexual Men

Abstract Purpose: Depression negatively impacts the health and well-being of gay and bisexual men (GBM). However, little is known about the contexts in which rural GBM live relative to those living...
An Efficient Approximation for Project Composite Learning Curves

The project manager is responsible for providing an accurate project schedule estimate to all parties involved in a new project. To improve the accuracy of such schedules, especially for programs c...
The “Future Factor”: The Conceptual Foundations of Advance Directives

In Chapter 2 it was argued that patients’ own contemporaneous health care choices should be honored so long as they have sufficient decision-making capacity, even when those choices are viewed by caregivers and others as not in the patient’s best interests.1 The patient’s autonomy thus serves as the foundation for contemporaneous treatment choices. Advance directives are not contemporaneous decisions, however. Whether they take the form of instruction directives, which list decisions about various interventions and various circumstances, or proxy directives giving to a named individual the power to make decisions for the patient, or a combination of the two, all advance directives announce decisions that are to be carried out in the future, at a time when the patient does not have the capacity to discuss or change them. This chapter addresses two central concerns about the moral validity of this prospective decisionmaking.
Generalization of An Er’s Matrix Method for Computing

Er’s matrix method for computing Fibonacci numbers and their sums can be extended to the s-additive sequence:
Oxidation of butane over vanadium-phosphorus oxides of P/V ≥ 2

Two mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus, with phosphorus to vanadium atomic ratio (P/V) about 2 and 2.4, were studied as catalysts for selective oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride. The sample with P/V about 2 was poorly crystalline, contained a small amount of V(V), and oxidized butane to maleic anhydride with about 50% selectivity. The sample with P/V about 2.4 contained well crystalline VO(PO3)2 phase, but it deactivated with time-on-stream with the formation of V(PO3)3. The results suggested that the two samples differed greatly in their rates of oxidation of the vanadium ions.
Picosecond Processes in Carrier Transport Theory

High electric field transport has been studied for some three decades. In recent years, it has become of much greater interest due to the advent of semiconductor devices on the micron and submicron scale, and to the interaction of these devices with sub-picosecond optical pulses. Theoretically, hot-electron transport (as this high-field transport is usually called) has been traditionally discussed in terms of the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). However, semiconductor transport in these high electric fields is a classical example of carrier response described by far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics. More importantly, on the short time scale of the response of these devices, particularly to the short optical pulses, retardation of the carrier dynamics must be fully considered. Such retardation does not appear in any dynamical description based upon the BTE, and more exact formulations must be adopted.
Edge Electronic Structure: The Airy Gas

Both Thomas Fermi theory and the local density approximation of density functional theory take as their starting point the properties of a uniform electron gas. This is qualitatively inappropriate in “edge” regions where the density changes from a bulk-like character to evanescence. I shall report here on work in progress by F. Picus and myself in which we propose to amend both TF theory and the local density approximation of DFT in edge regions. We approximate the effective potential near the edges by linear potentials. In 1D, v eff (x) ≈ μ − F(x −x o ) where μ is the chemical potential x 0 is the edge point, and F = − v′(xo). This leads to Schrodinger equations of the Airy form, which combined with single occupation up to μ, leads to the concept of the Airy gas.
Development of Midostaurin as a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Midostaurin (PKC-412) is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that is now in development primarily as a FLT3 inhibitor for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blasts from 5 to 10 % of patients with AML carry a point mutation in the FLT3 activation loop; another 25 % display a repeat of 3 to over 300 base pairs in the region of the gene encoding the juxtamembrane region (internal tandem duplication, ITD), which markedly enhances the risk for relapse and death. AML patents with FLT3-ITD mutations, for whom allogeneic transplantation must be strongly considered, are in need of better medical therapy. Putative FLT3 inhibitors such as midostaurin, tandutinib, lestaurtinib, quizartinib, KW02449, and sorafenib have been studied in patients with AML either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. While the FLT3 inhibitors vary widely with regard to potency, specificity, and protein binding, one of the most extensively studied to date is midostaurin (developmental name PKC412). Midostaurin may also be useful as a single agent in systemic mastocytosis due to its ability to inhibit the D816V c-KIT mutation. A key study to determine if midostaurin can improve survival when added to chemotherapy in adults under age 60 with mutant FLT3 AML has completed its accrual.
Broadband Access and Content Consumption

We use panel data describing Internet usage before and after broadband adoption to explore how access to broadband drives changes in content consumption. We motivate our analysis with a model that accounts for access speed, the bandwidth intensity of different types of content and the opportunity cost of time to explain usage changes. Faster download speeds generally increase consumption because deadweight losses incurred while waiting for content to load are significantly smaller. Furthermore, factoring preferences for content of differing bandwidth intensities into our model suggests large increases in consumption for individuals who may have spent little time online in a narrowband environment because the high bandwidth services they prefer require prohibitive amounts of time to download. Our data confirms that people who switch to broadband spend greater amounts of time online after controlling for time trends, with larger gains accruing to higher-bandwidth services. Consistent with our model, some of the largest usage gains come from individuals who comprised the lowest usage quintile when they were narrowband users, but greatly increased consumption of high-bandwidth applications after adopting broadband. These users consume content in greater quantities than users.
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity: A Single-Institution Retrospective Review.

Purpose T-DM1 is an antibody drug conjugate with proven efficacy in metastatic breast cancer for progressive disease refractory to trastuzumab. Drug-induced pneumonitis is a rare serious potential adverse effect. The purpose of this review was to estimate the incidence of pulmonary toxicity at our institution. Methods A retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data inclusive of all women and men aged 18 years and older treated with T-DM1 at out institution was undertaken. The records were reviewed for clinical symptoms and/or radiographic evidence concerning for pneumonitis. We identified variables of interest with regard to potential risk factors for toxicity. Results A total of 50 patients were included, 6 (12$) of whom had radiographic and/or clinical symptoms concerning for T-DM1-induced pneumonitis. All 6 patients had metastatic or unresectable breast cancer. Of the 6 patients, 5 (83$) had suspected pulmonary metastases, 1 (17$) had a history of underlying lung disease, and 5 (83$) had a history of prior taxane therapy. Pulmonary metastases (p = 0.38), the median number of treatment cycles (p = 0.29), prior taxane therapy (p = 0.99), underlying lung disease (p = 0.99), and hormone receptor positivity (p = 0.66) did not have any statistical significance for an association with pneumonitis. Conclusion Pneumonitis is a recognized toxic effect of T-DM1. While our sample size was small, the number of events was higher than described in the literature, which may be an artifact of referral bias. Future studies with a larger sample population may detect potential risk factors for toxicity.
Implication of our technological species being first and early: The anthropic selection effect of our technological youth

In the previous paper (Whitmire 2017; hereafter Paper I) arguments were given which suggest that the typical technological species is short-lived and that their demise coincides with the extinction of their planetary biosphere. This conclusion is based on two observations and one primary assumption. The observations are: (1) Our own technological species is the first such species to evolve on Earth and (2) we are early in the potential evolution of a technological species. The primary assumption is that we are a typical member (in age) of the reference class of all extant technological species in the universe. In this Letter, I thoroughly discuss the anthropic selection effect that the predicted lifetime of the typical technological species would most likely first be made when a technological species is young, thus guaranteeing a predicted short lifetime, regardless of the actual typical lifetime. I argue here that this selection effect is equivalent to narrowly redefining the reference class to be only early technological species and, although true, it is a logical tautology, correct by definition and does not invalidate the application of the Principle of Mediocrity assumption to the expanded reference class of all technological species, as was done in Paper I. Several simple analogies are given to illustrate this point.
Fractional-Derivative Approximation of Relaxation in Complex Systems

In this paper, we present a system identification (SI) procedure that enables building linear time-dependent fractional-order differential equation (FDE) models able to accurately describe time-dependent behavior of complex systems. The parameters in the models are the order of the equation, the coefficients in it, and, when necessary, the initial conditions. The Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, and the Mittag-Leffler function, is used to obtain the corresponding solutions. Since the set of parameters for the model and its initial conditions are nonunique, and there are small but significant differences in the predictions from the possible models thus obtained, the SI operation is carried out via global regression of an error-cost function by a simulated annealing optimization algorithm. The SI approach is assessed by considering previously published experimental data from a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a recently constructed multiroom building test bed. The results show that the proposed model is reliable within the interpolation domain but cannot be used with confidence for predictions outside this region. However, the proposed system identification methodology is robust and can be used to derive accurate and compact models from experimental data. In addition, given a functional form of a fractional-order differential equation model, as new data become available, the SI technique can be used to expand the region of reliability of the resulting model.
Plasticity and Chaos in Models of Randomly-Pinned, Driven Lattices

A relatively simple model that captures some of the physics of driven, sliding charge-density-wave systems or vortex lattices is a driven random-field XY model. This model permits topological defects and phase-slip. Some of the previous results on these systems are reviewed and then simulation results are presented for a three-dimensional model. The model shows a fairly sharp transition from regular, uniform sliding with little phase-slip for weaker pinning to chaotic, nonuniform, plastic sliding with much more phase-slip at stronger pinning.
Water adsorption on Al doped silicatene films grown on Mo(112)

At ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), clean and Al doped SiO2 films were epitaxially grown on Mo(112). The pristine films are often denoted as silicatene, whereas the doping should result in two-dimensional zeolitelike films. The films were prepared by vapor deposition of Al on silicatene, followed by postannealing in UHV. The films were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Whereas the first synthesis of these films was reported earlier [Stacchiola et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 45, 7636 (2006); Grundling et al., Surf. Sci. 318, 97 (1994)], we discuss another variation of the film preparation. Moreover, water adsorption kinetics was studied by TDS. Accordingly, Al doped silica exhibits hydrophilic characteristics compared to hydrophobic silicatene, which reflects the enhanced chemical reactivity due to the doping induced polarity of the zeolite film.At ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), clean and Al doped SiO2 films were epitaxially grown on Mo(112). The pristine films are often denoted as silicatene, whereas the doping should result in two-dimensional zeolitelike films. The films were prepared by vapor deposition of Al on silicatene, followed by postannealing in UHV. The films were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Whereas the first synthesis of these films was reported earlier [Stacchiola et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 45, 7636 (2006); Grundling et al., Surf. Sci. 318, 97 (1994)], we discuss another variation of the film preparation. Moreover, water adsorption kinetics was studied by TDS. Accordingly, Al doped silica exhibits hydrophilic characteristics compared to hydrophobic silicatene, which reflects the enhanced chemical reactivity due to the doping induced polarity of the zeolite film.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Performance of Additively Manufactured Polymer Heat Spreaders for Low-Weight Directed Cooling Integration in Power Electronics

This study aims to provide an additive manufacturing-based pathway for addressing issues concerned with the reliability of high-density electronic packaging. It compares the performance of a non-metallic, additively manufactured heat spreader with that of a conventional cold plate. CFD software is first used to evaluate the heat spreaders with respect to cooling capability. Furthermore, the device is experimentally tested in a flow loop and its performance compared to that of the cold plate. Initial simulation results show the additively manufactured plastic heat sinks provide a uniform cooling profile and maintain lower maximum temperatures seen in the power module. Experimental results show a lower pressure drop seen is seen in the heat spreader over a wide range of flow rates. Moreover, the use of plastics shows a clear discount of EMI while keeping the material cost and the device weight at a reduced level.
Calcium Disorders in End-Stage Renal Failure Including Those on Dialysis

Decreases in renal function lead to decreased phosphate clearance, resulting in FGF23 increases which impair 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity and activation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. As a result, calcium absorption is decreased, leading to a compensatory secondary hyperparathyroidism. As renal function deteriorates, parathyroid hormone (PTH) action diminishes due to increasing PTH resistance further exacerbating the secondary hyperparathyroidism to maintain serum calcium. The hyperparathyroidism may cause renal osteodystrophy and increase the risk for tertiary hyperparathyroidism complicating post-renal transplant care. In addition, acid-base disturbances may lead to increased ionized calcium levels with acidemia. Management of calcium disorders in end-stage renal failure involves normalizing serum phosphate levels, preventing vitamin D deficiency, normalizing serum calcium levels and calcium-phosphate products, as well as keeping PTH levels within a range appropriate for the level of renal function. Treatment may include nonaluminum-containing phosphate binders such as sevelamer and calcium; activated vitamin D analogues such as calcitriol, doxercalciferol, and paricalcitol; as well as calcium sensing receptor agonists such as cinacalcet. Close monitoring, working with the patient’s nephrologists, to avoid hypercalcemia and adynamic bone disease is paramount. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, which is reflective of PTH action on the bone, may be useful in individualizing the PTH target range. Hypercalcemia developing as part of tertiary hyperparathyroidism may be managed medically, by limiting calcium and activated vitamin D intake, using cinacalcet, or surgery, with parathyroid debulking. These patients are at high risk for hungry bone syndrome.
7.7 Fretting Corrosion of Orthopedic Implants

Fretting corrosion is mechanically assisted corrosion at interfaces. Fretting corrosion, or mechanically assisted corrosion (MAC), is produced by cyclic loading that causes relatively small-scale (1–100 µm) motion between implant components. All types of alloys regardless of material couple can undergo this process. Mechanical-load induced motion results in increased rates of corrosion by deforming the protective oxide layer, which forms a barrier on the surface of metal implants. Properties of protective oxide films intimately relate to the degree of fretting corrosion resistance. These properties include adhesion strength of the oxide to the substrate metal, hardness, thickness, etc. Screw-plate fretting is a common source of corrosion debris. This not only weakens the implant but corrosion products are bioreactive and cause local inflammation. The majority of total joint replacements that are performed every year are modular, ie, with components that fit together using press-fit interlocking connections. Despite the interlocking mechanisms of these junctions, micromotion does occur to some degree resulting in fretting corrosion. In vitro studies of modular junction fretting are used to assess the degree of corrosion through both electrochemical measurement (voltage and current) and weight loss or ion release of the implant under cyclic loading laboratory conditions. Short-term fretting corrosion tests are used to measure the initiation of fretting (initial propensity or resistance), while long term testing is used to evaluate how material, design characteristics and loading characteristics (such as load magnitudes, frequency, load pattern, etc.) affect fretting corrosion over the long term. There is an incomplete understanding of in vivo fretting of current modular junctions used in joint replacement components and internal fixation devices where recent failures in dual modular necks of hip implants produced large amounts of fretting corrosion debris causing higher than normal failure rates in these designs, despite laboratory testing. Thus, fretting corrosion is likely remain as a problem associated with multi-component orthopedic implant designs. Continued basic and clinical research to enhance our understanding of these phenomena is needed to engineer solutions to eliminate implant micromotion or prevent fretting corrosion.
Impact of Targeted Local Interventions on Tuberculosis Awareness and Screening Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness During a Large Tuberculosis Outbreak in Atlanta, Georgia, 2015-2016.

ObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) outbreaks disproportionately affect persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the United States. During 2014-2016, a resurgent TB outbreak occurred among PEH in Atlanta...
Genome Sequence of a Blattabacterium Strain Isolated from the Viviparous Cockroach, Diploptera punctata.

ABSTRACT Here, we report the genome sequence and characterization for a Blattabacterium strain isolated from the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata, which provides amino acids critical for intrauterine embryo development. The genome was assembled by sequencing of the cockroach fat body, which is the location of this obligate symbiont.
Targeted epigenetic repression by CRISPR/dSaCas9 suppresses pathogenic DUX4-fl expression in FSHD

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by incomplete silencing of the disease locus, leading to pathogenic misexpression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle. Previously, we showed that CRISPR inhibition could successfully target and repress DUX4 in FSHD myocytes. However, an effective therapy will require both efficient delivery of therapeutic components to skeletal muscles and long-term repression of the disease locus. Thus, we re-engineered our platform to allow in vivo delivery of more potent epigenetic repressors. We designed an FSHD-optimized regulatory cassette to drive skeletal muscle-specific expression of dCas9 from Staphylococcus aureus fused to HP1α, HP1γ, the MeCP2 transcriptional repression domain, or the SUV39H1 SET domain. Targeting each regulator to the DUX4 promoter/exon 1 increased chromatin repression at the locus, specifically suppressing DUX4 and its target genes in FSHD myocytes and in a mouse model of the disease. Importantly, minimizing the regulatory cassette and using the smaller Cas9 ortholog allowed our therapeutic cassettes to be effectively packaged into adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for in vivo delivery. By engineering a muscle-specific epigenetic CRISPR platform compatible with AAV vectors for gene therapy, we have laid the groundwork for clinical use of dCas9-based chromatin effectors in skeletal muscle disorders.
Sexual Dysfunction Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: a Review Article

The goal of this review article is to evaluate sexual dysfunction among men who have sex with men (MSM). Men who have sex with men are commonly affected by sexual dysfunction. Often sexual dysfunction in MSM will significantly impact their psychological well-being perhaps even more than their heterosexual counterparts. Despite the frequency and high impact of sexual dysfunction in MSM, access to appropriate care may be limited. It is important for urologists, especially sexual medicine clinicians, to be aware of and comfortable with differences in sexual practices of MSM. Penile pathology in this patient population will negatively affect their quality of life and well-being. Therefore, it is important to properly assess and treat these patients.
Cross-resistance to diquat in glyphosate/paraquat-resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) and horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and confirmation of 2,4-D resistance in Conyza bonariensis

Hairy fleabane and horseweed are pervasive weed species in agriculture. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate/paraquat–resistant (GPR) biotypes challenge current management strategies. These GR and GPR biotypes have non–target site resistance, which can confer resistance to herbicides with different sites of action (SOAs). This study’s objective was to characterize the response of GR, GPR, and glyphosate/paraquat–susceptible (GPS) biotypes of both weed species to herbicides with a different SOA. Whole-plant dose–response bioassays indicated a similar response among tested biotypes of both weed species to rimsulfuron, dicamba, hexazinone, glufosinate, flumioxazin, saflufenacil, or mesotrione. The hairy fleabane GR and GPR biotypes were 2.7- and 2.9-fold resistant to 2,4-D relative to the GPS biotype (GR50 766.7 g ai ha–1), confirming 2,4-D resistance in hairy fleabane for the first time in California. The GR and GPR biotypes were not cross-resistant to dicamba. No differences in response to 2,4-D were observed among horseweed biotypes with a GR50 ranging from 150.2 to 277.4 g ai ha–1. The GPR biotypes of both species were cross-resistant to diquat, with a 44.0-fold resistance in hairy fleabane (GR50 863.7 g ai ha–1) and 15.6-fold resistance in horseweed (GR50 563.1 g ai ha–1). The confirmation of multiple resistances to glyphosate, paraquat, and 2,4-D in hairy fleabane curtails herbicide SOA alternatives and jeopardizes resistance management strategies based on herbicide rotation and tank mixtures, underscoring the critical need for nonchemical weed control alternatives.
High temperature mechanical properties of fluorite crystal structured materials (CeO2, ThO2, and UO2) and advanced accident tolerant fuels (U3Si2, UN, and UB2)

Abstract The mechanical interaction between the fuel and cladding that occurs during operation of a nuclear reactor is important to understand as it can lead to cladding failures and release of radioactive material into the coolant. In order to develop better models of the pellet-clad mechanical interactions , the mechanical properties of the fuel at relevant operating temperatures, like the elastic moduli, are needed for current and advanced accident tolerant fuels (ATFs). In this work, elevated temperature nanoindentation and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy were used to measure the moduli and hardness of several fluorite materials (CeO2, ThO2, UO2) and several ATF candidates (ATF) (U3Si2, UN, UB2). In addition, a comparison of the two techniques was performed in this study to independently validate the mechanical properties.