cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wetted Wall Cyclones for Bioaerosol Sampling

A wetted wall bioaerosol sampling cyclone with an aerosol sampling flow rate of 1250 L/min and a continuous liquid outflow rate of about 1 mL/min was developed by upgrading an existing system. The aerosol-to-hydrosol collection efficiency curve for the upgraded device was shown to have a cutpoint of 1.2 μ m aerodynamic diameter (AD) and an average collection efficiency of 90% over the size range of 2 to 10.2 μ m AD. Tests with near-monodisperse cells and clusters of Bacillus atrophaeus (aka BG) spores showed an average aerosol-to-hydrosol collection efficiency of 98% over the size range from 1.7 to 9.8 μ m AD. Pressure drop across the cyclone, which is also the ideal specific power, was 5.5 kPa (22 inches H2O). Stokes scaling was used to design geometrically similar cyclones with nominal air sampling flow rates of 100 and 300 L/min. Extensive tests were performed with the 100 L/min unit and check tests with the 300 L/min. Results with the scaled units showed similar, although somewhat lower collection eff...
DataGopher: Context-based search for research datasets

Scientific dataseis play a crucial role in data-driven research. While, several search tools are developed for searching documents, blogs, images, videos and various other information needs, important scientific artifacts like research dataseis lack this prerogative. The main challenge faced in developing an effective search tool for dataseis is to determine the content representation of the raw data. Dataset description provided by users is often very content-specific and short. Moreover, even the public dataseis generally have very limited description about the various research problems/applications that used them. Given the ever expanding variety of dataseis on the web and the lack of representative content for the purpose of indexing, the task of developing an effective search engine for dataset is computationally very challenging. In this work, we propose a novel ‘context’ based paradigm of search for dataset to overcome the problem of limited representative content for research dataseis. In contrast to any general purpose search engine which index the ‘little’ text information about the dataset sources, we hypothesized that the proposed paradigm of ‘context’ based search is more effective for dataset search. The hypothesis is tested by conducting a user study. The performance of the context based search (DataGopher) is compared with a popular general purpose search engine. The study was conducted in a real world setting where user are free to use the search engine as per the information need. Based on the user study, we find that the performance of DataGopher was favored for 58% of the total context based user queries whereas the baseline was only 26%.
Eye movements and the integration of visual memory and visual perception

Because visual perception has temporal extent, temporally discontinuous input must be linked in memory. Recent research has suggested that this may be accomplished by integrating the active contents of visual short-term memory (VSTM) with subsequently perceived information. In the present experiments, we explored the relationship between VSTM consolidation and maintenance and eye movements, in order to discover how attention selects the information that is to be integrated. Specifically, we addressed whether stimuli needed to be overtly attended in order to be included in the memory representation or whether covert attention was sufficient. Results demonstrated that in static displays in which the to-be-integrated information was presented in the same spatial location, VSTM consolidation proceeded independently of the eyes, since subjects made few eye movements. In dynamic displays, however, in which the to-be-integrated information was presented in different spatial locations, eye movements were directly related to task performance. We conclude that these differences are related to different encoding strategies. In the static display case, VSTM was maintained in the same spatial location as that in which it was generated. This could apparently be accomplished with covert deployments of attention. In the dynamic case, however, VSTM was generated in a location that did not overlap with one of the to-be-integrated percepts. In order to “move” the memory trace, overt shifts of attention were required.
Variations in facial relationships; their significance in treatment and prognosis.

Abstract What constitutes harmony and balance of the component parts of the face, namely: the skeletal framework, the denture, and the overlying musculature, has for many years commanded the attention of the research investigator, the teacher, and the clinician. A satisfactory solution is most difficult to attain, one being faced with the innumerable variations of type, as well as the unfolding of the facial pattern from the infant to the adult. The results of this study of twenty individuals with excellent occlusions and a review of similar investigations appear to warrant the following conclusions: 1. (1) There is a facial pattern that represents mean or average form for individuals possessing excellent occlusions. 2. (2) There is a notable deviation on both sides of the mean findings of the facial pattern. These represent the usual variation one must reckon with when appraising balance and harmony. 3. (3) Excessive deviations of the means and extremes found in this study usually express abnormalities of relationship which will be evident as disharmonies or imbalance of particular areas. 4. (4) The skeletal pattern in the lateral aspect may be described in figures and be appraised as good or bad according to the amount of deviation of the readings from the known mean pattern. Such information can be of considerable help in forming a prognosis of treatment. 5. (5) The relationship of the denture of any case to its skeletal pattern can likewise be compared with known relationships of good balance and harmony. Such analysis tends to point out the desirable tooth movement indicated in treatment. 6. (6) Serial study of cases by this method permits definite expression of anteroposterior and vertical changes induced by treatment and those occurring during retention, as well as those changes that may be attributed to growth and development. 7. (7) This method of cephalometric analysis has been tested for three years in the author's practice as well as in the graduate department of orthodontics at the University of Illinois. In the last year the orthodontics departments of the University of California, Northwestern, and Indiana have cooperated in testing its clinical and teaching value. Out of these experiences has come one particularly important comment: The ten figures used in the appraisal do describe skeletal and denture relationships but single readings are not so important; what counts is the manner in which they all fit together and their correlation with type, function, and, esthetics.
On the potential of mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling approaches to the study of biochemical adaptation in psychrophilic yeast.

To move beyond targeted approaches to the biochemical characterization of psychrophilic yeast and provide a more holistic understanding of the chemistry of physiological adaptation of psychrophiles at the molecular level, ultraperformance liquid chromatography combined with simultaneous acquisition of low- and high-collision energy mass spectra (UPLC/MSe) was employed for a preliminary comparative analysis of cell extracts of psychrophilic Antarctic yeasts Cryptococcus vishniacii CBS 10616 and Dioszegia cryoxerica CBS 10919 versus the mesophile Saccharomyces cerevisiae ‘cry havoc’. A detailed workflow for providing high-confidence preliminary identifications of psychrophilic yeast-specific molecular features is presented. Preliminary identifications of psychrophile-specific features in C. vishniacii and D. cryoxerica determined with the described method include the glycerophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2, lysophosphatidylcholine 18:3, lysophosphatidylethanolamine 18:3, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine 18:2. In addition, levels of guanosine diphosphate appear significantly elevated in cell extracts of the psychrophilic yeasts as compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, five psychrophilic yeast-specific peptides have been discovered. All of these are demonstrated to be glycine- and/or proline-rich, a known structural characteristic of many naturally occurring bioactive peptides. The potential of this untargeted metabolite profiling approach as a tool for knowledge discovery and hypothesis generation in the study of biodiversity and microbial adaptation is highlighted.
Importance of Sampling Both Pulmonary Veins in Grading Mitral Regurgitation by Transesophageal Echocardiography

Pulmonary venous flow patterns have been used to assess severity of mitral regurgitation; however, the issue of which pulmonary veins to sample has not been determined. We performed pulsed wave Doppler transesophageal echocardiography of both the left and right upper pulmonary veins in 80 patients who had mitral regurgitation determined by independent transesophageal echocardiography color flow mapping. Pulmonary venous flow patterns, peak systolic and diastolic flow, and the presence of reversed systolic flow were compared between the left and right pulmonary veins for each grade of mitral regurgitation. Flow patterns were discordant in 20 (25%) of the 80 patients. Of the 43 patients with 4+ mitral regurgitation, there was discordant flow in 16 (37%) of the patients with mainly reversed systolic flow in the right upper vein, while there was blunted or normal systolic flow in the left upper vein. Of the 16 patients with discordant flows, 14 had eccentric jets, mainly anteromedial jets. We conclude that if discordant flow can occur in 25% of patients with mural regurgitation and in 37% of patients with 4+ mitral regurgitation, then both pulmonary veins must be evaluated when assessing the severity of mitral regurgitation with pulsed wave Doppler transesophageal echocardiography.
Preventing Opioid Misuse and Potential Abuse: The Nurse's Role in Patient Education

Nurses play a vital role in providing patient education for proper use of opioids. This descriptive study was designed to explore nurses' knowledge of opioids. Nurses in two large urban East Coast medical centers in the United States were invited to participate in the study, and 133 nurses completed the survey in its entirety. Registered nurses' knowledge of and attitudes about opioid use were assessed using a 48-item web-based questionnaire sent via e-mail. Frequencies were computed for all items on the questionnaire. Chi-squared testing was used to analyze data for all questions that fewer than 50% of participants answered correctly. The results of this study revealed a pain management knowledge gap among nurses caring for patients who are receiving opioid analgesics. This gap includes patient assessment; pharmacologic management; use of adjuvant medications; risks of addiction; risks of respiratory depression; and disposal and storage of opioid analgesics. Only 25% of the nurses answered 50% of the survey questions correctly. Demographic variables such as experience working as a nurse and length of time as a nurse did not influence how nurses performed on the questionnaire, nor did educational level. However, nurses who received education on opioids as a separate class of medication answered a higher percentage of questions correctly than those who did not receive education on opioids. The results of this study reveal a knowledge gap and nurses' lack of sufficient information about opioids that may affect their ability to provide effective medication instructions to their patients.
Derivatives of 2,4-diamino-6-methylpteridine

Eighteen derivatives of 2,4-diamino-6-methylpteridine related to methotrexate and aminopterin have been prepared from 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-pteridinediamine by nucleophilic displacement reactions. None of these compounds showed any antileukemic acitivity.
Nucleotide sequences important in DNA replication are responsible for differences in the capacity of two herpes simplex virus strains to spread from cornea to central nervous system.

Two herpes simplex virus (HSV) intertypic recombinants were isolated with genomes composed entirely of HSV-2(186) nucleotide sequences except for a 6.0 Kb segment of HSV-1(17) DNA positioned between 0.40 and 0.44 map units. Following corneal infection of mice, HSV-1(17) and the two intertypic recombinants spread from infected eyes into the central nervous system and induced a fatal encephalitis. Ocular infection with the HSV-2 (186) parent did not lead to detectable amounts of virus in the brain, and none of the mice developed encephalitis. The 6.0 Kb HSV-1(17) DNA inserted within the genome of the two intertypic recombinants contained nucleotide sequences involved in DNA replication. These include the HSV-1(17) oriL, the HSV-1(17) gene for DNA polymerase and portions of the HSV-1(17) gene coding for DNA-binding protein ICP8. Thus, our results indicate that the difference in the capacity of HSV-1(17) and HSV-2(186) to spread from the cornea into the CNS is determined solely by nucleotide sequences associa...
Acetonitrile Adsorption on Polycrystalline Platinum: An In Situ Investigation Using Sum Frequency Spectroscopy

Sum frequency spectroscopy (SFS) has been used to probe the interface between Pt films and liquid consisting of neat acetonitrile or acetonitrile/solvent mixtures. In the case of the neat acetonitrile, vibrational features associated with C⋮N (2239 cm-1) and C−H stretching (2939 cm-1) from adsorbed acetonitrile were observed. The peaks on Pt were more significantly downshifted from bulk values compared to Al2O3, indicating different adsorption configurations on the surfaces. Significant downshifting of the primary νC⋮N stretch (2239−2229 cm-1) was observed with changing acetonitrile concentration in solution, with alcohols (EtOH and MeOH) causing larger effects than water. In addition, a secondary, downshifted νC⋮N band (2229−2211 cm-1) is observed whose intensity is invariant with liquid-phase concentration, indicating a more strongly bound species. Similar shifts were observed for the CH3 stretching mode of acetonitrile in ethanol, methanol, and water. These frequency shifts in both the C⋮N and C−H stre...
Statistical Analysis of Organosulfur Extraction Data of Ohio 5/6 Coal Using the Perchloroethylene Coal Cleaning Process

ABSTRACT The perchloroethylene coal cleaning process removes both organic and pyritic forms of sulfur using perchloroethylene as the solvent medium. The effect of process variables including temperature, extraction time, solvent to coal ratio and particle size of coal has been studied by a systematic 24 full factorial experimental design with a single replicate. The process was found to be strongly dependent on the type of coal. Hence, this variable was controlled by choosing one single type of coal, i.e., Ohio 5/6 (1:1 mixture of Ohio 5 and Ohio 6 coals) throughout this entire investigation. The significant effects and interactions have been quantified by F-tests. The estimates of significant effects have been obtained by Yates algorithm. Residual probability and normal probability plots have been obtained to test model adequacy. Finally, a computational model has been developed to predict the organosulfur extraction efficiency of this coal at various values of process variables. The parity plots conclud...
Political Preference Functions and Public Policy Reform

A model of policy making is developed where governments seek to maximize support from social groups through the combination of both PERT (social-welfare-increasing) and PERT (welfare-transferring) policies. The implicit weights of a political preference function shift with a change in the relative cost of interest group organizing. Attention is paid to the degree of wealth transfers as total social welfare increases because of PERT policy changes. The model demonstrates that, in the case of two competing groups, the weight given to one group in the allocation of social surplus will increase as total social welfare increases with a bias toward the other group. The relative weights placed on consumers and producers based on PEST policies alone are misleading indicators of the political influence of groups. A number of general implications of this political economic analysis for the reform of public policies are investigated.
Changes in regional myocardial cross-sectional area during brief coronary occlusion and reperfusion in conscious dogs

Abstract The effect of a brief period of coronary occlusion on a regional myocardial cross-sectional area was studied in 6 conscious dogs. Subendocardial segment length and wall thickness were continuously measured with a sonomicrometer in the central ischemic area perfused by the left circumflex coronary artery during a 2-min circumflex occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. Measurements were repeated before and after collateral development induced by 180 ± 30 (SEM) 2-min circumflex occlusions (20 ± 3 days). In order to evaluate the changes in regional myocardial volume, end-diastolic regional cross-sectional area was calculated as a product of end-diastolic segment length and wall thickness. Before collateral development, end-diastolic regional cross-sectional area transiently decreased 1.4 ± 0.6% (NS) at 10 sec following sudden coronary occlusion, thereafter gradually increased to 3.7 ± 1.0% ( P P
Benefits and harm caused by the introduced generalist tachinid, Compsilura concinnata, in North America

We review North American research on Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), a highly generalist tachinid parasitoid that was introduced in 1906 to control two invasive forest insects: gypsy moth and browntail moth. The impact on gypsy moth in natural populations in North America has long thought to be minor, a view confirmed by recent work in Canada and Wisconsin, USA. However, research with experimentally created populations of gypsy moth suggests that it may be more important than previously realized. Studies on browntail moth in both naturally occurring and experimental populations suggest that C. concinnata is probably the main reason browntail moth disappeared from most of its former range in North America. Research on giant silk moths suggests that C. concinnata has become the major source of mortality among several species and may be responsible for the notable decline in their densities that has occurred over the last century. C. concinnata has been touted as a premier example of the generalist natural enemy that should be avoided in classical biological control introductions, yet in the case of browntail moth its effect has been extremely beneficial.
Experimentally measured thermal transport properties of aluminum–polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposites with graphene and carbon nanotube additives

Abstract Reactive materials such as aluminum (Al) and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) are used for energy generation applications and specifically in ordnance technologies. With the advent of nanotechnology various nano-scale additives have become incorporated into reactive material formulations with the hope of enhanced performance. An important component to the study of energy generation is an examination of energy transport through a reactant matrix. This study examines an experimental approach to quantifying thermal properties of an Al/Teflon nanocomposite reactant matrix that has been impregnated with carbon additives. Various structures of carbon are investigated and include amorphous nanoscale carbon spheres (nano C), graphene flakes and unaligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The additives were selected based on their completely different structures with the hypothesis that the structure of the additive will influence the thermal transport properties of the matrix. Results show graphene has the greatest influence on the thermophysical properties. For example, thermal conductivity of the composites containing graphene increased by 98%. Graphene similarly enhanced the thermal diffusivity and specific heat of the Al/Teflon matrix. Conversely, nano C and CNTs decreased the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the samples significantly.
Digestive-Ripening Agents for Gold Nanoparticles: Alternatives to Thiols

Several ligands, such as alkylthiols, -amines, -silanes, -phosphines, -halides, and simple alkanes, were employed for digestive ripening, a process in which a colloidal suspension in a solvent is refluxed at the solvent boiling temperature in the presence of a surface-active ligand to convert a highly polydisperse colloid into a nearly monodisperse one. Apart from thiols, which are the only established digestive-ripening ligands, amines, silanes, and phosphines were found to be similarly efficient for this purpose. The important steps involved in the digestive ripening were identified to be (1) breaking the polydisperse colloid into smaller size particles upon addition of the ligand, (2) isolating this colloid from the reaction side products, and finally (3) heating this isolated colloid in the presence of the ligand to form a nearly monodisperse colloid. The successful ligands could be differentiated from the others based on their effectiveness to perform the different tasks in each step. Namely, they br...
Pathogenesis of abnormal remodeling of bones: effects of yellow phosphorus in the growing rat.

Histologic examination of metaphyseal bone of rats intoxicated with elemental phosphorus showed that inhibition of osteocytic osteolysis and chondrolysis account for widening of trabeculae and retention of the chondroid core. These changes are reflected in increased radiographic density and abnormal remodeling.
A classical Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment with hard X-rays

The classical Hanbury Brown–Twiss experiment has been conducted with hard X-ray synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source. The measured spatial coherence area of the X-ray beam is in good agreement with the prediction based on the vertical positron beam size.
Impulsive loading of plastic beams with axial constraints

Abstract This paper concerns the plastic deformations of simply supported and clamped beams whose ends are prevented from displacing axially, and which are subjected to transverse impulsive pressure loading. Finite axial forces arise as soon as the beam acquires a finite deflection, and the paper describes the transition from the initial simple beam behaviour to the final stage in which deformations are governed primarily by catenary effects. It is shown that when loads are such that deflections are of the order of the beam thickness, or greater, the treatment as a simple beam becomes unrealistic, the deflections being greatly reduced by the action of the axial force. For example, in a problem of a continuous beam on many supports where full axial constraint would be realized, the deflection may be a small fraction of that predicted by the treatment where axial forces are disregarded. Curves are presented showing how the reduction depends on the span-depth ratio of the beam and on the intensity of loading.
Violent Behaviors in Rural and Urban Schools.

Despite the fact that many incidents of extreme violence have taken place in rural areas there is still some resistance on the part of rural school administrators to admit that violence is a problem in their schools. This article provides a comparison of rural and urban student and staff self-report of school violence (perpetration, victimization and weapon carrying) and discusses the implications of these findings.
A numerical analysis of carbon dynamics of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton community: the roles of light and grazing in effecting both sequestration of atmospheric CO2 and food availability to larval krill

Abstract Reduced ice extent within coastal regions of the Southern Ocean may lead to deeper surface mixed layers (SML), as prevail in offshore areas. A future decline of ice melt-induced stability of the water column may be associated with a shift in dominant food webs, from larger, sun-adapted diatoms grazed by euphausiids to smaller, shade-adapted flagellates consumed by salps. A basically one-dimensional numerical model of three dominant groups of the Antarctic phytoplankton community (diatoms, cryptophytes, and colonial prymnesiophytes) and four types of herbivore (protozoans, salps, copepods, and euphausiids) is used to explore the seasonal importance of both light limitation and grazing pressure on the amount of annual carbon sequestration and larval krill survival within contrasting oceanic and neritic waters, where respective validation data have been gathered during austral spring by the European JGOFS and RACER programs. With imposition of moderate and large grazing stresses, thought to be typical of offshore waters, we were able to replicate the European JGOFS 1992 observations of light penetration, phytoplankton biomass, primary production, pCO2, bacterial biomass, labile DOC, ammonium, and total particle effluxes at 100 m within the deep SML of our model. The fidelity of such a large set of simulated state variables suggests that multiple limiting factors are indeed operating on different components of the oceanic phytoplankton community — selective grazing losses on the flagellates, but light limitation of diatoms. Release of protozoan grazing pressure in our model instead leads to unobserved spring blooms of cryptophytes, found only in laboratory enclosures. On an annual basis, weak sequestration of atmospheric CO2 is simulated in a habitat typical of the Polar Front, while evasion of carbon dioxide occurs under biophysical conditions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Stratification in shallow SML and the same absolute grazing demands by krill and copepods allows sun-adapted diatoms of our model to bloom at the expense of shade-adapted cryptophytes and prymnesiophytes, eaten by salps and protozoans. We were also able to replicate RACER-I observations of the same suite of variables in 1986–1987, as well as the observed 10-fold range of detrital fluxes caught by other sediment trap deployments during 1980 and 1983 along the Antarctic Peninsula. In western Bransfield Strait, coastal waters are a strong sink for atmospheric CO2 within parcels of Bellingshausen Sea origin, but not perhaps in those from the Weddell Sea, which resemble the oceanic regime of deep SML. We conclude that even in shallow neritic SML, some protozoan rivals of larval krill must still crop flagellates to ensure sufficient abundance of diatom food for both euphausiid survival and possible clogging of the mucous nets of other salp rivals.
Association between Cerebral Performance Category, Modified Rankin Scale, and discharge disposition after cardiac arrest

Background Cerebral Performance Category (CPC), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and discharge disposition are commonly used to determine outcomes following cardiac arrest. This study tested the association between these outcome measures.
Socially distributed perception

This paper presents a robot search task (social tag) that uses social interaction, in the form of asking for help, as an integral component of task completion. We define socially distributed perception as a robot's ability to augment its limited sensory capacities through social interaction.
Plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone patterns during the estrous cycle of ewes

Abstract Fifteen Suffolk ewes were used in three experiments to compare plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) patterns during the estrous cycle and to determine whether FSH levels undergo changes in pulse frequency. Luteinizing hormone changed inversely with progesterone levels whereas FSH and progesterone concentrations revealed no obvious relationship. Unlike LH, FSH levels did not pulsate during the follicular phase. Higher FSH levels were detected on days 1, 6 and 12 and lower levels on days 0, 4 and 16. Coincident preovulatory LH and FSH surges were observed and this was the only time FSH and LH levels appeared to be jointly controlled.
Contact stabilization of potential calcium carbonate scale by rhodochrosite

Abstract The mineral rhodochrosite (MnCO3) causes rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate when it is added to seawater. The calcium carbonate forms a solid solution of the type Mn1−x Cax CO3 on the rhodochrosite surface. As a result, seawater becomes undersaturated with respect to pure calcite. The degree of saturation ranged from 0.42 to 0.10, and it is a function of the solid to liquid ratio. Seawater that has been equilibrated with rhodochrosite can, therefore, be concentrated substantially before it again becomes supersaturated with respect to calcite. Potential calcium carbonate scale is also reduced by equilibrating seawater with rhodochrosite.
Dispersion quantification of inclusions in composites

Distribution of constituents within a composite material dictates important constitutive properties and is therefore of interest for all multiphase materials including nano-, micro-, and macro-composites. In the first part of this paper, previously proposed methods for quantifying dispersion are reviewed and their applications and possible shortcomings are discussed. In the second part, we propose a novel definition for dispersion based on the thermodynamic concept of work; dispersion is measured based on the amount of work required to translate inclusions so they form the state of maximum uniformity. The method quantifies dispersion with a single parameter. Although multiple parameter methods can provide more information about the spatial distribution of inclusions, the proposed method is particularly useful when comparing overall dispersion quality of different domains. As an example, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in an Al coating is quantified to demonstrate the robustness and practicality of the novel dispersion quantification method.
’I Change Myself, I Change the World’: Gloria Anzaldúa’s Sociological Imagination in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza

What lessons can sociologists draw from Chicana cultural theorist and spiritual activist Gloria E. Anzaldua to advance the sociological imagination and intellectual agenda that make a public difference? In this paper I argue the key to Anzaldua's public impact has to be sought in her thesis of the simultaneity of self and global transformations, and the intricate strategies she used to advance the thesis through her writings such as Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987). Closely reading the text, I note how the transformation of self/world for Anzaldua's essentially involves the task of bridging/transcending/healing a vast array of habitual dualisms deeply ingrained in our personal and global landscapes. Progressively unpacking Anzaldua's sociological imagination to highlight its potential contributions to enriching the Millsian and symbolic interactionist traditions in sociology, I provide a plausible answer to the question of what is so publicly transformative and energizing in Anzaldua's ofte...
Trim43a, Trim43b, and Trim43c: Novel mouse genes expressed specifically in mouse preimplantation embryos

We describe the identification and characterization of Trim43a, Trim43b, and Trim43c genes, whose expression are restricted to preimplantation stages and peak at the 8-cell to morula stage. We identified a 5 kb DNA fragment that covers upstream region of Trim43a as a putative promoter, which can drive the expression of mStrawberry fluorescent protein in a manner similar to endogenous Trim43 genes. Trim43 genes will be useful stage-specific markers for the study of preimplantation embryos.
Work softening in shock-loaded nickel

It is shown that nickel shock loaded to a pressure of 20 GN/m2 (200 Kbar) and pulse durations of 1.2, 2.4 and 10.1 μ.sec exhibits work softening upon subsequent uniaxial tensile deformation at ambient temperature and nominal strain rate of 10 sec. When the tensile deformation on the preshocked sample is conducted at 77 K, work softening is inhibited. It is proposed, in accordance with the findings of Longo and Reed-Hill (Metallography, vol. 7, p. 181, 1974) that work softening is due to dynamic recovery that during conventional deformation replaces the shock-loading substructure (small cells, with illdefined walls) by the substructure characteristic of the conventional deformation at the imposed conditions. Since the quasi-static deformation substructure at 77 K is quite similar to the shock-induced one, work softening is inhibited at that temperature.
The group of isometries ofHp

The Lie group structure of the group Up of isometries of Hp,1⩽p<∞, p≠2, is studied. In particular, it is shown that Up is an extension of the circle group by the group of all Mobius transformations of the disc. The cocycle of the extension is calculated. It is further shown that only the trivial subspaces of Hp are invariant under Up.
Reported Accommodations and Supports Provided to Secondary and Postsecondary Students with Disabilities: National Perspective.

There is a dearth of information on specific accommodations used by students with disabilities at the secondary and postsecondary levels. Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–...
Influence of the Ge profile on VBE and current gain mismatch in Advanced SiGe BICMOS NPN HBT with 200 GHz fT

Transistor mismatch is a key parameter for the design and operation of advanced analog circuits. The paper presents for the first time data from several generations of BiCMOS technology nodes for VBE and current gain (beta) mismatch. The authors show that the 0.12 mum BiCMOS has a 3-a VBE mismatch of 0.63 mV-mum and beta mismatch of 0.24 %-mum. CBE NPNs have essentially the same but slightly lower mismatch than CBEBC NPNs. Very small and very long devices have increased mismatch, especially at high currents. The authors also present a physical model and experimental data showing the influence of the emitter-base Ge slope on the device mismatch
Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) in synthetic brine using Chlorophosphonazo III

A simple method has been developed to determine micromolar concentrations of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) in brine. The method involves the extractive separation of these cations from brine matrix species by using Chlorophosphonazo III as extractant with 1-butanol as solvent, and the spectrophotometric determination of the concentration of extracted species in the butanol phase. The lowest concentrations that could be determined are estimated to be 5 × 10−7 M for Nd(III) and 2 × 10−7 M for TH(IV) and U(VI).
The nominal capacity of wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks are an alternative technology for last-mile broadband Internet access. In WMNs, similar to ad hoc networks, each user node operates not only as a host but also as a router; user packets are forwarded to and from an Internet-connected gateway in multihop fashion. The meshed topology provides good reliability, market coverage, and scalability, as well as low upfront investments. Despite the recent startup surge in WMNs, much research remains to be done before WMNs realize their full potential. This article tackles the problem of determining the exact capacity of a WMN. The key concept we introduce to enable this calculation is the bottleneck collision domain, defined as the geographical area of the network that bounds from above the amount of data that can be transmitted in the network. We show that for WMNs the throughput of each node decreases as O(1/n), where n is the total number of nodes in the network. In contrast with most existing work on ad hoc network capacity, we do not limit our study to the asymptotic case. In particular, for a given topology and the set of active nodes, we provide exact upper bounds on the throughput of any node. The calculation can be used to provision the network, to ensure quality of service and fairness. The theoretical results are validated by detailed simulations.
Aspects of possibilistic uncertainty

We introduce the concept of possibilistic uncertainty. We discuss the mathematical structure associated with this type of uncertainty and give some areas where it is applicable. We discuss some questions of exhaustiveness and exclusiveness of the possibility space. We define the concept of a possibilistic valuation. Then we apply possibility theory to ordinal decision making.
Effect of Organic Acids in the in vitro Solubilization of Iron from a Soy‐extended Meat Patty

The chemical iron profile of a soy-hamburger patty was determined both before and after frying, as well as after supplementation with selected organic acids and/or exogenous iron sources at various pH values. The capacity of an organic acid to enhance iron availability in man, as estimated by chemical means, was dependent upon heat treatment, exogenous iron source, and pH. While frying caused marked reductions in soluble iron at pH values of 5.7 - 6.0, combinations of an elemental iron source with either ascorbic, lactic, citric, or malic acid produced significant increases in percent soluble iron at pH 2, 4, and/or 6. Based on both solubility and technological feasibility, hydrogen reduced elemental iron was considered the most suitable iron fortificant for soy in a soy-hamburger patty.
A new approach to signal integrity analysis of high-speed packaging

A signal integrity analysis program that simultaneously performs the electromagnetic field simulation and the circuit simulation is introduced in this paper. The electromagnetic field simulation algorithms are based on special geometric features of packaging structures and can run two to four orders of magnitude faster than general-purpose electromagnetic tools. The use of the distributed circuit simulation technique drastically reduces the simulation time for lumped circuit components. This program can promptly simulate practical packages of tens of power/ground planes and thousands of vias and signal traces, while considering signal integrity problems such as signal delay, distortion, reflection, coupling, and power/ground noise. The accuracy of the simulated results is verified by measurements.
Cognitive impairment and functional disability in the absence of psychiatric diagnosis

Data from the 1981 East Baltimore Mental Health Survey were used to examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and psychiatric diagnosis in an adult population. The Mini-Mental State Examination was administered to 3841 household respondents and a subset of 810 received psychiatric evaluations. Of the 810, 23% were found to be cognitively impaired. Over one-third of those with cognitive impairment, however, did not meet DSM-III criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis. Education, geographical background, race and neurological status were predictive of cognitive performance. There was no linear effect of age on cognitive performance with disease status and education controlled. In addition to their cognitive impairment these individuals, who ranged in age from 19 to 89, were found to have significant functional disabilities. Cognitive performance itself, along with physical and emotional health, predicted total functional disability.
Facial muscle activations from motion capture

Biomechanically accurate finite element models of facial musculature offer a superior accuracy in reproducing facial expressions. We employ such a finite element simulation model to determine the muscle activations and kinematic configuration of the rigid bones associated with an expression from a sparse sampling of the deformation of the face surface over time, acquired using a motion capture system. Our simulation model, consisting of 840K tetrahedral elements, was created through non-rigid registration of a muscle geometry template derived from the visible human dataset to MRI volumetric data acquired from the motion capture subject.
Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury : Global constraints from observations

[1] We use a global 3-D model of atmospheric mercury (GEOS-Chem) to interpret worldwide observations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) in terms of the constraints they provide on the chemical cycling and deposition of mercury. Our simulation including a global mercury source of 7000 Mg yr−1 and a TGM lifetime of 0.8 years reproduces the magnitude and large-scale variability of TGM observations at land sites. However, it cannot capture observations of high TGM from ship cruises, implying a problem either in the measurements or in our fundamental understanding of mercury sources. Observed TGM seasonal variation at northern midlatitudes is consistent with a photochemical oxidation for Hg(0) partly balanced by photochemical reduction of Hg(II). Observations of increasing RGM with altitude imply a long lifetime of Hg(II) in the free troposphere. We find in the model that Hg(II) dominates over Hg(0) in the upper troposphere and stratosphere and that subsidence is the principal source of Hg(II) at remote surface sites. RGM observations at Okinawa Island (Japan) show large diurnal variability implying fast deposition, which we propose is due to RGM uptake by sea-salt aerosols. Observed mercury wet deposition fluxes in the United States show a maximum in the southeast, which we attribute to photochemical oxidation of the global Hg(0) pool. They also show a secondary maximum in the industrial Midwest due to regional emissions that is underestimated in the model, possibly because of excessive dry deposition relative to wet (dry deposition accounts for 68% of total mercury deposition in the United States in the model, but this is sensitive to the assumed phase of Hg(II)). We estimate that North American anthropogenic emissions contribute on average 20% to U.S. mercury deposition.
Role of efaproxiral in metastatic brain tumors

Brain metastases from breast cancer are common and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment with whole-brain radiotherapy provides a median survival of only 4–6 months. One mechanism affecting sensitivity to radiation is tumor oxygenation. Hypoxic tumor cells are more likely to be resistant to radiation and adversely affect prognosis. For nearly 70 years, all attempted modalities have failed to circumvent tumor hypoxia and increase tumor death. Abraham and colleagues developed a fibric acid derivative that would cause the displacement of oxygen from hemoglobin and improve tissue oxygenation. After modifications to enhance absorption into the red blood cell, RSR13 (efaproxiral) was developed. Efaproxiral was found to be safe and improved tumor oxygenation in preclinical studies. Early Phase I and II trials supported the earlier preclinical evidence while demonstrating that efaproxiral was safe and effective. A randomized Phase III study, Radiation Enhancing Allosteric Compounds of Hypoxic brain...
A Balanced System of U.S. Industry Accounts and Distribution of the Aggregate Statistical Discrepancy by Industry

This article describes and illustrates a generalized least squares (GLS) method that systematically incorporates all available information on the reliability of initial data in the reconciliation of a large disaggregated system of national accounts. The GLS method is applied to reconciling the 1997 U.S. Input-Output and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-by-industry accounts with benchmarked GDP estimated from expenditures. The GLS procedure produced a balanced system of industry accounts and distributed the aggregate statistical discrepancy by industry according to the estimated relative reliabilities of initial estimates. The study demonstrates the empirical feasibility and computational efficiency of the GLS method for large accounts reconciliation.
Solitary chemosensory cells and bitter taste receptor signaling in human sinonasal mucosa.

Background: Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are spe- cialized cells in the respiratory epithelium that respond to noxious chemicals including bacterial signaling molecules. SCCs express components of bier taste transduction in- cluding the taste receptor type 2 (TAS2R) bier taste re- ceptors and downstream signaling effectors: α-Gustducin, phospholipase Cβ 2( PLCβ2), and transient receptor poten- tial cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). When activated, SCCs evoke neurogenic reflexes, resulting in lo- cal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to test for the presence SCCs in human sinonasal epithelium, and to test for a correlation with inflammatory disease processes such as allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: Patient demographics and biopsies of human sinonasal mucosa were obtained from control patients (n = 7) and those with allergic rhinitis and/or chronic rhinosi- nusitis (n = 15). Reverse transcription polymerase chain re- action (RT-PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and immunohis- tochemistry were used to determine whether expression of signaling effectors was altered in diseased patients. Results: RT-PCR demonstrated that bier taste recep- tors TAS2R4, TAS2R14, and TAS2R46, and downstream sig- naling effectors α-Gustducin, PLCβ2, and TRPM5 are ex- pressed in the inferior turbinate, middle turbinate, sep- tum, and uncinate of both control and diseased patients. PLCβ2/TRPM5-immunoreactive SCCs were identified in the sinonasal mucosa of both control and diseased pa- tients. qPCR showed similar expression of α-Gustducin and TRPM5 in the uncinate process of control and diseased groups, and there was no correlation between level of ex- pression and 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) or pain scores.
SELECTIVE HEDGING OF BANK ASSETS WITH TREASURY BILL FUTURES CONTRACTS

The recent volatility of interest rates, the associated profit pressures imposed on banks, and the surge in the development of new contracts have stimulated a desire to understand and apply financial futures hedging to banking operations. This paper models interest rate futures contracts in a theory of bank behavior to illustrate the hedging of bank loans as well as government securities. The model predicts the hedge will be greater (1) the greater the expected rise in interest rates and (2) the greater the effect of disintermediation on bank deposits. A simulation of the financial futures trading strategy is reported for banks of various asset sizes using data from the Eleventh Federal Reserve District. Depending on bank risk aversion and interest rate expectations, hedging the bank's total interest rate exposure with T-bill futures reduces the variability of unhedged profits by 80 percent.