cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Mechanisms of Human Contingency Learning

How do humans learn contingencies between events? Both pathway-strengthening and inference-based process models have been proposed to explain contingency learning. We propose that each of these processes is used in different conditions. Participants viewed displays that contained single or paired objects and learned which displays were usually followed by the appearance of a dot. Some participants predicted whether the dot would appear before seeing the outcome, whereas other participants were required to respond quickly if the dot appeared shortly after the display. In the prediction task, instructions guiding participants to infer which objects caused the dot to appear were necessary in order for contingencies associated with one object to influence participants’ predictions about the object with which it had been paired. In the response task, contingencies associated with one object affected responses to its pair mate irrespective of whether or not participants were given causal instructions. Our resul...
Quantitative Determinations of Phenylephrine and Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochlorides in Combination

Abstract: The quantitative determinations of phenylephrine and phenylpropanolamine hydrochlorides in combination are reported. Phenylephrine hydrochloride is assayed using the Koshy-Mitchner method without interference from phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is assayed using an acid-dye technique with negligible interference from phenylephrine hydrochloride. Beer’s law is followed, and the best pH range for the extraction of the propanolamine-dye complex was determined to be 5.8-6.4. Buffer concentration does not appear to have any effect on the sensitivity of the assay method. In both assay methods, there is no interference from the antioxidant, sodium metabisulfite, and the preservatives, methylparaben and propylparaben.
Jewish American Artists: whom does that include?

Jewish Art in America: an introduction Matthew Baigell Rowman & Littlefield, 2006 280 pp., $96.00, ISBN-10 0742546403, ISBN 978-0742546400 (hardback); $29.95, ISBN-10 0742546411, ISBN 978-074254641...
Rose Galaida and the Central China Relief Records, 1946: Discovery, Investigation, and Implications

Reports on the discovery of an archival collection, Central China Relief Records (1946) in the Rutgers University Libraries. Describes the life and career of Rose Galaida who assembled the collection while working for UNRRA in China. Discusses the implications of this discovery to library and scholarly community.
A Procedure for Modelling Shallow Dislocation Sources

Summary. Expressions for displacements on the surface of a layered half-space due to an arbitrary oriented shear dislocation are given in terms of generalized ray expansions. Useful approximations of these expressions for shallow events as recorded at teleseismic distances for realistic earth models are presented. The results of this procedure are used to generate synthetic P, SV and SH waveforms for various assumptions of stress-drop.
Multisystemic Therapy for Emerging Adults With Serious Mental Illness and Justice Involvement

Most serious mental illnesses (SMI) have onset by emerging adulthood and SMI can impair adolescents' transitions into healthy, productive adults. Emerging adults (EAs) with SMI are at high risk for justice involvement, and rates of recidivism are greater for offenders with SMI than without. These EAs are frequently multi-system involved (e.g., aging out of foster care; both juvenile and adult arrests; prison reentry). Few interventions, however, have focused specifically on EAs, and no interventions have focused on reducing recidivism in EAs with or without SMI. Multisystemic Therapy for Emerging Adults (MST-EA) is an adaptation of standard MST (for adolescent antisocial behavior) that was specifically designed for EAs with SMI and justice involvement. This paper provides the first description of MST-EA, including clinical outcome data on pilot cases and an extensive case example. To date, 57 cases have been treated with MST-EA. Success at discharge was demonstrated on main outcomes (rearrest and mental health) and other functional outcomes. Clinical data on pilot cases is promising and supports further research to assess long-term outcomes and effectiveness.
Genetic perturbation of key central metabolic genes extends lifespan in Drosophila and affects response to dietary restriction

There is a connection between nutrient inputs, energy-sensing pathways, lifespan variation and aging. Despite the role of metabolic enzymes in energy homeostasis and their metabolites as nutrient signals, little is known about how their gene expression impacts lifespan. In this report, we use P-element mutagenesis in Drosophila to study the effect on lifespan of reductions in expression of seven central metabolic enzymes, and contrast the effects on normal diet and dietary restriction. The major observation is that for five of seven genes, the reduction of gene expression extends lifespan on one or both diets. Two genes are involved in redox balance, and we observe that lower activity genotypes significantly extend lifespan. The hexokinases also show extension of lifespan with reduced gene activity. Since both affect the ATP/ADP ratio, this connects with the role of AMP-activated protein kinase as an energy sensor in regulating lifespan and mediating caloric restriction. These genes possess significant expression variation in natural populations, and our experimental genotypes span this level of natural activity variation. Our studies link the readout of energy state with the perturbation of the genes of central metabolism and demonstrate their effect on lifespan.
The Artificial, the Accidental, the Aesthetic…

How do we define, discuss or assess aesthetics within a contemporary philosophical framework? The indefiniteness that accompanies attempts to formalize a definition of the aesthetic is a primary focus of this paper. This lack of a definition has occupied philosophers for hundreds of years in attempts to delineate the boundaries of an elusively formless concept. This formlessness speaks to the incredibly evasive character of such a pervasive feature recognized in both natural and artificial systems, agents and artefacts. With the rapid growth of artificially intelligent systems and an astounding diversity in computational creativity, in what ways may we approach aesthetics? How is the aesthetic recognized, determined and produced? This paper seeks to critically engage issues of non-human agency, inter-object relations, and aesthetic theory in relation to computational entities and autonomous systems. The ability of these systems to operate outside of human cognitive limitations including thought patterns and constructions which may preclude alternative aesthetic outcomes, afford them in some ways limitless potential in relation to aesthetics. The designation of the accidental or provisional is utilized as an alternative approach to the production and assessment of aesthetic occurrences of the non-human.
Notes on the Marine Algae of the Bermudas. 10. Woelkerlingia sterreri sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Wrangeliaceae), a First Record of the Genus in the Western Atlantic

Abstract. A new species of the red algal genus Woelkerlingia,W. sterreri C. W. Schneid. & M. J. Wynne, is described from a single collection made in Bermuda. The collection contained male and female (dioecious) individuals as well as tetrasporangia and polysporangia on sporophytes. The Bermudian species is compared with and distinguished from W. minuta of the Mediterreanean Sea, up to now the only other species recognized in the genus, as well as other members of the Spermothamnieae. Tiffaniella gorgonea is excluded from the flora of Bermuda after looking at Collins and Hervey material on which the historic record was solely based.
Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Radiation—Less May Be More

Due to its documented efficacy in improving locoregional control and reducing rates of vaginal vault recurrence, radiation therapy has been used as an adjunct to surgical intervention for the last 5 decades. Several randomized studies have established the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in decreasing local recurrence among patients at intermediate to high risk of local failure. External beam radiotherapy achieves local control at the cost of some morbidity but does not influence overall survival. Intracavitary brachytherapy has emerged as an alternative to external beam radiotherapy due to its overall lower morbidity. Trials are ongoing to determine the potential added benefit of chemotherapy to radiation therapy as well as to explore lower brachytherapy doses in early stage disease. For management of high risk, more advanced stage disease and carcinosarcoma, please see Chaps. 10, 11, and 13, respectively.
Ultra-Low-Volume Applications of Synergized Pyrethrins for Stored-Product Insect Control

Spray particle size distribution within a closed room and target pest mortality to ultra-low-volume (ULV)-applied synergized pyrethrins were studied, using the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). The insects were given various degrees of harborage and exposed for different time intervals up to 2 h during and immediately after application, or exposed 15 or 60 min after application. ULV treatments were most effecttve immediately after application. Insects exposed 15 min after application were not effectively controlled. ULV treatments did not penetrate well into completely enclosed areas. Also, less volume settled within open and partly open cabinets than on completely exposed surfaces. Increased exposure time led to greater mortality in protected areas.
From REDD to Green: A Global Incentive System to Stop Tropical Forest Clearing

In this paper, we develop and illustrate a prototype incentive system for promoting rapid reduction of forest clearing in tropical countries. Our proposed Tropical Forest Protection Fund (TFPF) is a cash-on-delivery system that rewards independently monitored performance without formal contracts. The system responds to forest tenure problems in many countries by dividing incentive payments between national governments, which command the greatest number of instruments that affect forest clearing, and indigenous communities, which often have tenure rights in forested lands. The TFPF incorporates both monetary and reputational incentives, which are calculated quarterly. The monetary incentives are unconditional cash transfers based on measured performance, while the reputational incentives are publicly disclosed, color-coded performance ratings for each country. The incentives include rewards for: (1) exceeding long-run expectations, given a country’s forest clearing history and development status; (2) meeting or exceeding global REDD goals; and (3) achieving an immediate reduction in forest clearing. Drawing on monthly forest clearing indicators from the new FORMA (Forest Monitoring for Action) database, we illustrate a prototype TFPF for eight East Asian countries: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. A system with identical design principles could be implemented by single or multiple donors for individual or multiple forest proprietors within one or more countries, as well as national or local governments in individual countries, tropical regions, or the global pan-tropics. Our results demonstrate the importance of financial flexibility in the design of the proposed TFPF. Its incentives are calculated to induce a massive, rapid reduction of tropical forest clearing. If that occurs, a TFPF for East Asia will need standby authority for disbursements that may total $10–14 billion annually for the next two decades. This financial burden will not persist, however, because the TFPF is designed to self-liquidate once all recipient countries have achieved clearly specified benchmarks. We estimate that the TFPF can be closed by 2070, with its major financial responsibility discharged by 2040.
Test Method Study on Interface Properties of Aging Composite Insulator

Interface properties of composite insulator have great influence on its holistic electric property.In order to find a test method which can sensitively reflect interface properties of composite insulator,a series of tests and researches have been made based on typical composite insulator in operation.It is proposed that based on the water boiled test interface properties can be reflected sensitively by the comparison of direct leakage current of composite insulator before and after water boiled test.Relevant test results show that the proposed method is effective for the interface defects inspection of composite insulators.
SEPARATION OF GLYCOSYL DIGLYCERIDES FROM PHOSPHATIDES USING SILICIC ACID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY.

A procedure has been developed for the separation of the glycosyl diglycerides from the phosphatides of Gram-positive bacteria on columns of silicic acid. The method utilizes mixtures of acetone in chloroform for elution of the glycosyl diglycerides, followed by increasing amounts of methanol in chloroform for elution of the phosphatides. The course of the fractionation was followed by means of phosphorus and carbohydrate determinations and by paper chromatography. The completeness of the separation of the phosphatides from the sugar-containing lipids was shown also by chromatographing a total lipid extract containing P32-labeled phosphatides.
The beta-globin gene on the Chinese delta beta-thalassemia chromosome carries a promoter mutation.

A new type of delta beta-thalassemia characterized by decreased expression of the beta-globin gene and increased expression of both G gamma and A gamma globin gene in the absence of a detectable deletion has recently been described in the Chinese population. In this study we characterize the mutant beta-globin gene from this delta beta- thalassemia chromosome. An A to G transversion is identified in the “ATA” sequence of the promoter region that leads to decreased expression of the beta-globin gene in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrate the presence of this mutation in every individual with a high fetal hemoglobin phenotype in this family and its absence in every individual with a normal hemoglobin phenotype. This same promoter mutation has recently been detected in Chinese beta-thalassemia genes where it is present on chromosomes of the same haplotype as that of the delta beta-thalassemia chromosome we are studying. These data support the hypothesis that an as yet unidentified mutation occurred on the ancestral chromosome carrying the promoter mutation and subsequently gave rise to the delta beta-thalassemia phenotype.
A classification of martian gullies from HiRISE imagery

Abstract Due to the large and varied population of gullies observed in Mars High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery that exhibit diverse characteristics, this paper develops a classification of martian gullies based on their morphological characteristics. This provides a firmer foundation for future investigation of the genesis of different gully morphologies. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) image catalog on the HiRISE website was examined and 869 images, chosen from the first 25,000 orbits, show a wide variety of gully morphologies. The images were analyzed using ENVI 4.4 and ENVI Zoom and the gullies were cataloged and divided into groups based on the presence and character of the dominant morphological components of alcove, channel, and apron associated with each gully. 7519 gullies were identified in the images and the length and width of the components were measured in ENVI to facilitate classification. Seven classes were developed based on morphology.
Edge influence detection using aerial LiDAR in Northeastern US deciduous forests

The northeastern United States is currently experiencing a decline in forested lands, primarily due to the expansion of human development. Of particular concern is the loss of “core areas” or the areas within forests that are not influenced by other land cover types. Core areas are of significant importance to native flora and fauna, since they generally are less vulnerable to invasion by exotics and are more resilient to the effects of climate change. However, the exact reduction of core area in the northeast is still unknown. Current methods of estimation are not particularly precise, since areas of edge influence are quite variable and situational. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to devise a new method for identifying edge influence areas using remote sensing techniques. Eight transects were sampled perpendicular to the edge of an abandoned golf course within Harvard Forest in Petersham, MA. Vegetation inventories as well as Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) at different heights within the canopy were used to determine edge depth in the field. Small-footprint discrete aerial LiDAR datasets were comparatively used to identify edge depths. LiDAR returns were binned and transformed into canopy height profiles before the sum of squared differences was used to determine where edge influence diminished, creating a LiDAR derived edge depth. LiDAR estimated edge depths were not significantly different from the field identified edge depths, indicating it might be a low-cost method for estimating edge depths.
Cell-Type Specific Responses to DNA Replication Stress in Early C. elegans Embryos

To better understand how the cellular response to DNA replication stress is regulated during embryonic development, we and others have established the early C. elegans embryo as a model system to study this important problem. As is the case in most eukaryotic cell types, the replication stress response is controlled by the ATR kinase in early worm embryos. In this report we use RNAi to systematically characterize ATR pathway components for roles in promoting cell cycle delay during a replication stress response, and we find that these genetic requirements vary, depending on the source of stress. We also examine how individual cell types within the embryo respond to replication stress, and we find that the strength of the response, as defined by duration of cell cycle delay, varies dramatically within blastomeres of the early embryo. Our studies shed light on how the replication stress response is managed in the context of embryonic development and show that this pathway is subject to developmental regulation.
Decentralized Estimation With Dependent Gaussian Observations

This paper considers decentralized estimation with correlated noises under the Bayesian framework. For a tandem network with correlated additive Gaussian noises, we establish that threshold quantizers on local observations are optimal in the sense of maximizing Fisher information at the fusion center; this is true despite the fact that subsequent estimators may differ at the fusion center, depending on the statistical distribution of the parameter to be estimated. In addition, it is always beneficial to have the better sensor, i.e., the one with higher signal-to-noise ratio, serve as the fusion center in a tandem network. Finally, we identify different correlation regimes in terms of their impact on the estimation performance. These include the well-known case where negatively correlated noise benefits estimation performance as it facilitates noise cancellation, as well as two distinct regimes with positively correlated noises.
Advances in Nonsurgical Sampling Techniques for the Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer

A clinician has multiple options when a decision has been made to sample a lesion in the chest for the purposes of diagnosing or staging an intrathoracic malignancy. Suspected primary or metastatic parenchymal lesions may be amenable to percutaneous CT-guided needle biopsy, various bronchoscopic approaches, or surgical sampling. When selecting from among these options, the overriding goal should be to obtain all of the information needed for diagnosis and staging with the least risk to the patient. This chapter will address some of the more commonly used nonsurgical techniques employed for sampling known or suspected intrathoracic malignancies, with emphasis on recently developed techniques, including endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), endobronchial ultrasound-guided sampling of peripheral nodules using radial probe technology (RP-EBUS), and electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB), as well as established modalities such as CT-guided needle aspiration (CTNA) and CT-guided needle biopsy (CTNB). The optimal paradigm for care of the patient with lung cancer involves communication and coordination between the cytopathologist and the clinician who is choosing a sampling modality. It is therefore critical that the cytopathologist understand the rationale for and the limitations of each of these techniques in order to fully participate in this care.
CO2 Dry Cleaning: A Benign Solvent Demonstration Accessible to K–8 Audiences

A quick demonstration is described to showcase the use of CO2 as an alternative, benign dry cleaning solvent. The demonstration includes visible evidence of CO2 as a solid, a liquid, and a gas, making it ideal as part of a broader lesson on states of matter. The demonstration relies on a technique for generating liquid CO2 in a centrifuge tube, which has been used for extractions in undergraduate teaching laboratories for over a decade. This report represents a unique attempt to transfer this method to the K–8 curriculum.
The effect of urban growth on landscape-scale restoration for a fire-dependent songbird.

A landscape-scale perspective on restoration ecology has been advocated, but few studies have informed restoration with landscape metrics or addressed broad-scale threats. Threats such as urban growth may affect restoration effectiveness in a landscape context. Here, we studied longleaf pine savanna in the rapidly urbanizing southeastern United States where a habitat-specialist bird, Bachman's sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis), is closely associated with savanna vegetation structure and frequent fire. Our objectives were to construct a species distribution model for Bachman's sparrow, determine the relationship between fire and urbanization, quantify the urban growth effect (2010-2090), identify potential restoration areas, and determine the interaction between restoration potential and urban growth by 2050. Number of patches, patch size, and isolation metrics were used to evaluate scenarios. The species distribution model was 88% accurate and emphasized multiscale canopy cover characteristics, fire, and percent habitat. Fires were less common <600 m from urban areas, and this fire suppression effect exacerbated urban growth effects. For restoration scenarios, canopy cover reduction by 30% resulted in nearly double the amount of habitat compared to the prescribed fire scenario; canopy cover reduction resulted in larger patch sizes and less patch isolation compared to current conditions. The effect of urban growth on restoration scenarios was unequal. Seventy-four percent of restoration areas from the prescribed fire scenario overlapped with projected urban growth, whereas the canopy cover reduction scenario only overlapped by 9%. We emphasize the benefits of simultaneously considering the effects of urban growth and landscape-scale restoration potential to promote a landscape with greater patch sizes and less isolation.
Using raffles to fund public goods: Lessons from a field experiment ☆

Abstract Despite a long tradition of using lotteries, raffles and similar mechanisms to fund public goods, there has been little systematic study of the design features of these mechanisms and how the resulting incentives affect the level of provision. Partnering with a charity that provides public goods locally, we conducted a field experiment in which participants were randomly assigned to one of four raffle treatments to examine the effectiveness of alternative incentive schemes designed to encourage either participation or “volume.” Contrary to theory which anticipates that gains can be made mostly on volume, our results indicate that significant revenue gains are available on both margins. Indeed, the large opportunity cost of using the standard linear raffle (in which the price per chance to win is fixed) that we find suggests the importance of mechanism design when considering the voluntary provision of public goods.
Gendered politics of empire: the female explorateur and natural histories of the Amazon basin 1899–1901

AbstractAt the turn of the twentieth century, the Brazilian Amazon was experiencing a moment of heightened exploration, mapping, border creation, and contestation. This article examines the production of the French explorateur and geographer Octavie Coudreau through analysis of the natural history/travel narrative, Voyage au Trombetas (1899), and her subsequent narrative Voyage au Cumina (1901). Octavie Coudreau initially went to Amazonia to travel with her husband, Henri Coudreau, already a renowned explorer of the French and Brazilian Amazon. After Henri Coudreau’s death on their first voyage, Octavie Coudreau continued working under contract for the Brazilian state and published natural history narratives after each of her four exploratory and mapping missions. These travel narratives include suggestions for increased colonization along with observation of local populaces, supported by a multitude of maps and photographs. Using feminist approaches to the historiography of travel, empire, and geographic...
Reversible Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Imaging of Glutathione Dynamics in Mitochondria

We report a mitochondria-specific glutathione (GSH) probe—designated as Mito-RealThiol (MitoRT)—that can monitor in vivo real-time mitochondrial glutathione dynamics, and apply this probe to follow mitochondrial GSH dynamic changes in living cells for the first time. MitoRT can be utilized in confocal microscopy, super-resolution fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometry systems. Using MitoRT, we demonstrate that cells have a high priority to maintain the GSH level in mitochondria compared to the cytosol not only under normal growing conditions but also upon oxidative stress.
CREATE/ERS: Department of Defense acquisition reform through resilient engineering and virtual prototyping in a digital environment

The USA faces a multitude of threats to its national security and international interests in an era of exponential technology growth and unprecedented access by anyone with a smartphone. Traditiona...
Integrated proteomics and network analysis identifies protein hubs and network alterations in Alzheimer's disease.

Although the genetic causes for several rare, familial forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been identified, the etiology of the sporadic form of AD remains unclear. Here, we report a systems-level study of disease-associated proteome changes in human frontal cortex of sporadic AD patients using an integrated approach that combines mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, differential expression analysis, and co-expression network analysis. Our analyses of 16 human brain tissues from AD patients and age-matched controls showed organization of the cortical proteome into a network of 24 biologically meaningful modules of co-expressed proteins. Of these, 5 modules are positively correlated to AD phenotypes with hub proteins that are up-regulated in AD, and 6 modules are negatively correlated to AD phenotypes with hub proteins that are down-regulated in AD. Our study generated a molecular blueprint of altered protein networks in AD brain and uncovered the dysregulation of multiple pathways and processes in AD brain, including altered proteostasis, RNA homeostasis, immune response, neuroinflammation, synaptic transmission, vesicular transport, cell signaling, cellular metabolism, lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and function, cytoskeleton organization, and myelin-axon interactions. Our findings provide new insights into AD pathogenesis and suggest novel candidates for future diagnostic and therapeutic development.
Social network modeling using the DAWN (dynamic adjustable weighted network) algorithm

The DAWN (Dynamic Adjustable Weighted Network) Algorithm randomly generates realistic, dynamic, and weighted artificial social networks. Resulting networks demonstrate scale-free degree distributions as well as realistic clustering coefficients and average path lengths. Additionally, networks are dynamic, allowing nodes to leave and enter the networks, and edges to be created, removed, or re-weighted in each iteration. Edges are asymmetrically weighted in terms of frenergy, a metric that measures the effort put in to maintaining a friendship. Networks under the DAWN algorithm approach a steady state where overall metrics, including size, clustering coefficient, path length, and degree distribution, remain generally stable. However, nodes and edges follow agent-based rules, and therefore networks continue to change locally. The DAWN algorithm provides realistic artificial social networks over which rumor propagation, reliability testing, sensitivity analysis, and other areas of research may be performed. Results were found using Monte Carlo simulation techniques.
Purification of Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen Positive Cells From Normal Human Bone Marrow

Mononuclear cells expressing the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) were purified from normal adult human bone marrow, where they constitute a small fraction of the total population. This was accomplished by a two-step purification from Ficoll-Hypaque- isolated mononuclear cells. Isolated mononuclear cells were first labeled with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for myeloid and erythroid precursor cells, and immune rosettes were then formed with sheep erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-mouse antibodies (R/M-SRBC). Sedimentation through Ficoll-Hypaque then eliminated the majority of mature myeloid cells. The second step consisted of labeling the remaining rosette-negative cells with CALLA-specific MoAb and purifying CALLA+ cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Alternatively, CALLA+ cells were purified in a second R/M-SRBC rosette sedimentation step. The purified CALLA+ cells, which morphologically were medium to large lymphoid cells, were subsequently studied using dual fluorescence techniques to identify surface markers as well as intracytoplasmic staining to detect terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme (TdT) and intracytoplasmic mu. While the CALLA+ cell suspensions contained very few mature myeloid cells or T lymphocytes, the finding that 5% to 11% of them were cyto-mu+ and 13% to 22% expressed the B1 differentiation antigen clearly indicated that at least some of these cells were B cell precursors. Because 48% to 63% of the cells were TdT+ and practically all of them expressed Ia antigen, it appears that these cells are a mixture of very early lymphoid precursor cells as well as more differentiated pre-B cells. The phenotype of these normal cells is very similar to that of common ALL cells. Differences in the surface marker phenotypes between adult and fetal CALLA+ cells that have previously been purified were also identified.
Apostle of Interlingua

In a note presented to the Lincei Academy on 8 January, 1911, Peano announced the publication of Volume 1 of Whitehead and Russell’s Principia Mathematica [149]. Later, in a letter to Russell, he referred to this note as a ‘review-notice’. It was, in fact, less a review than a mere announcement of publication, since Peano discusses only the definitions of ‘relation’ and ‘function’ contained in it, and this only to show that these may be written in the symbolism of the Formulario. He would elaborate this in a more formal review published in 1913 [163]. At the Academy of Sciences he was less active than usual, attending only three sessions during the academic year 1910–11, and then only to present papers written by others.
Telegram as An Immigration Management Tool

This paper describes an ongoing study that examines Iranian immigrants' use of communication tools and online communities throughout the immigration process. We conducted observations on 30 Iranian immigration-related groups on the Telegram messaging application to understand its impacts on immigrants' collaboration, information-seeking, and information-sharing behavior. This research has implications to support immigration practices through technology.
How neighborhoods matter in fatal interactions between police and men of color

This article addresses the concern that death by legal intervention is a health outcome disproportionately experienced by boys and men of color, and predicated on the quality of the locations in which encounters with law enforcement occur. Using a more comprehensive cross-verified sample of police homicides from online databases and a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies, this study examines whether neighborhood social disorganization, minority threat, and defense of inequality theories help explain the odds that males of color will have a fatal interaction with police (FIP). There are several noteworthy results. First, in support of the defense of inequality thesis, we found that income inequality within the area in which a FIP occurred is related to increased relative odds of fatal injury for males of color and Hispanic males. Second, consistent with the minority threat thesis, we found low levels of racial segregation dramatically reduced the odds of a FIP for Black males while higher levels of segregation increased the odds for Hispanic males. Third, Hispanic males were over 2.6 times as likely as others to be killed by officers from agencies with relatively higher percentages of Hispanic officers. We conclude the study with a discussion of its implications for research and policy.
Street gangs, gun violence, and focused deterrence: comparing place-based and group-based evaluation methods to estimate direct and spillover deterrent effects

Objectives:Focused deterrence seeks to change the violent behavior of gangs not directly targeted by the intervention by leveraging network ties between groups. This study appraises group-based and...
Silicon Photonic Wavelength and Mode Selective Switch for WDM-MDM Networks

A novel wavelength and mode selective switch for wavelength-division multiplexing and mode-division multiplexing networks was proposed and demonstrated on a silicon wafer. The fabricated chip integrated 20 thermo-optic elements, with a footprint of 2.3×1.4 mm2.
Modeling ‘Thriving Communities’ using a Systems Architecture to Improve Smart Cities Technology Approaches

While there is a plethora of technology available for public use today, it can be confusing to implement and operate for communities and their citizens. A disconnect often exists between technologists and the collective community advocates who will utilize such technology. This study demonstrates systems modeling of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Culture of Health (CoH) 2016 and 2017 Prize Winning Cities data to serve as a platform for technologists to understand communities needs and stakeholders. To construct the model, we categorized stakeholders involved in the CoH data as ‘system form’, and the functions fulfilled by initiatives as ‘system function’. The goal of this approach is to identify primary functions communities most frequently address and the stakeholders most often involved in implementing these initiatives.
Evaluating Safety Effectiveness of Truck Climbing Lanes using Cross-Sectional Analysis and Propensity Score Models:

The State of Wyoming is characterized by heavy truck traffic flow, especially along Interstate 80 (I-80). A large portion of I-80 in Wyoming goes through mountainous and rolling terrain, resulting ...
Piezoresistive thin film pressure sensor based on carbon nanotube-polyimide nanocomposites

Abstract A novel ring-shaped piezoresistive pressure sensor is designed, fabricated and characterized in this paper. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-polyimide (PI) nanocomposites with different CNT concentrations are prepared in a liquid mixture as the fabrication material. The ring-shaped nanocomposite thin film device is deposited on a circular polyimide diaphragm by inkjet printing fabrication method. The drop-on-demand fabrication process of the inkjet printer enables the fabrication of nanocomposite thin film in various geometries and shapes to achieve better structural compatibility with the sensor port and overall measurement accuracy. The equivalent circuit parameters of the nanocomposite thin film device are derived through electrical impedance measurement. The sensitivity of the ring-shaped CNT-PI pressure sensor is investigated, and the gauge factors under static pressure are characterized using a pressure tube. The results demonstrate that this novel ring-shaped nanocomposite thin film pressure sensor can be used for pressure measurement with easy fabrication process, excellent flexibility and high sensitivity.
Wet Chemical Growth and Thermocatalytic Activity of Cu-Based Nanoparticles Supportedon TiO 2 Nanoparticles/HOPG: In Situ Ambient Pressure XPSStudy of the CO 2 Hydrogenation Reaction

The present study examines the synthesis of unique Cu nanostructured model catalysts and their catalytic activity toward CO2 hydrogenation under moderate temperature and pressure reaction condition...
Battlefield Target Localization Using Acoustic Vector Sensors and Distributed Processing

We deriv eand analyze fast wideband algorithms for locating airborne targets using a passiv e acoustic sensor system. The system consists of a distributed array of a small, lightweight acoustic vector sensors, either located in xed positions on the battle eld or carried by individual soldiers. These sensors measure the acoustic pressure and all three components of particle velocity at a single point | the use of such sensors, which have numerous advan tages o ver traditional pressure sensors, has recently become possible with the development of a new air-based particle velocity sensor now available commercially. We deriv e a bearing-only estimator based on estimation of the acoustic intensity vector applicable to single vector sensor. The estimator provides a local estimate of target bearing without the need for in ter-sensor communication, which is useful if the sensor is carried by a battle eld unit, for example.. We then develop a 3-D location estimator by combining the local bearing estimates at a central processor. We also calculate an optimal performance measure for the local bearing based on the Cram er-Rao bound and use it to assess the full potential of our distributed array concept and the e ciency of our algorithms. Numerical simulations are used to show the e ectiveness of our solutions. This w orkw as supported by the Air Force O ce of Scienti c Researc hunder Grants F49620-97-1-0481 and F49620-99-1-0067, the National Science Foundation under Grant MIP-9615590 and the O ce of Naval Researc h under Grant N00014-98-1-0542. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
The impact of children on the labour supply off married women: comparative estimates from European and U.S. data.

This paper presents estimates of the impact of the age pattern and level of fertility on the probability of labour force participation by married and cohabiting women in twelve Eastern and Western European countries and the United States. Logit models for labour force participation probabilities are estimated conditional on age, age at marriage or union, educational attainment, current parity, and number of years in parity, using data on married and cohabiting women from the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Comparative Study of World Fertility Surveys. The estimated models are used to simulate the age profiles of labour force participation conditional on the level and timing of fertility. The simulation results are presented in a series of charts grouped according to similarities in the effects of fertility on the age profiles of labour force participation. Four distinct patterns are identified that depend on the empirical significance of distinct number-of-children and age-of-youngest-child effects. The role of family policies and the extent to which the labour supply reductions associated with childbearing can be interpreted as opportunity costs are considered.
Interventions to Mitigate Fatigue Induced by Physical Work: A Systematic Review of Research Quality and Levels of Evidence for Intervention Efficacy.

Objective:We present a literature review on workplace physical fatigue interventions, focusing on evaluating the methodological quality and strength of evidence.Background:Physical fatigue is a rec...
Aquellos que Entienden: Desarrollo del Conocimiento en la Enseñanza

The paper presents the results of an extensive and relevant research program “Knowledge Growth in Teaching”. Their results show that to teach not only content knowledge is required, in addition a “Pedagogical content knowledge” is needed, together with the context knowledge (curricular knowledge). Therefore, in addition to knowledge, teaching well requires understanding. Those who understand, then, teach.
Soil organic matter attenuates the efficacy of flavonoid-based plant-microbe communication

Plant-microbe interactions are mediated by signaling compounds that control vital plant functions, such as nodulation, defense, and allelopathy. While interruption of signaling is typically attributed to biological processes, potential abiotic controls remain less studied. Here, we show that higher organic carbon (OC) contents in soils repress flavonoid signals by up to 70%. Furthermore, the magnitude of repression is differentially dependent on the chemical structure of the signaling molecule, the availability of metal ions, and the source of the plant-derived OC. Up to 63% of the signaling repression occurs between dissolved OC and flavonoids rather than through flavonoid sorption to particulate OC. In plant experiments, OC interrupts the signaling between a legume and a nitrogen-fixing microbial symbiont, resulting in a 75% decrease in nodule formation. Our results suggest that soil OC decreases the lifetime of flavonoids underlying plant-microbe interactions.
Agency, Authority, and Compliance

Compliance can and often does serve as a conduit through which regulators and enforcement authorities enlarge their authority beyond statutory bounds. The potential to do so is a function of the symbiotic relationship between compliance officers and regulatory authorities. Compliance officers owe their professional existence and their organizational authority to the interventions of regulators and enforcement agents. This creates a unique incentive structure and renders compliance officers especially receptive to regulators’ extra-legal pronouncements. As a result, the separation of compliance from legal and the elevation of the compliance function as the co-equal of the legal department, a structure often insisted upon by regulators and enforcement authorities, effectively enlarges the compliance conduit through which the government may abuse the rule of law. Rather than separating compliance from legal, compliance should be subordinated to legal so that an officer accountable exclusively to the best interests of the firm is charged with interpreting the law and advising the firm on what the law requires. Only after this determination has been made should compliance officers be charged with the task of executing on these decisions. A necessary condition to realigning organizational responsibilities in this way, however, is for the government to stop insisting on the alternative. More broadly, the government should not involve itself in the organizational details of compliance, but rather should limit itself to making and enforcing the law.
Imaging the structure and function of live mouse brain with multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy

The brain is an enormously complex organ that consumes a substantial amount of body energy. Understanding how brain function requires the ability to not only map out the cellular structure but also probe functional processes. Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy has played a crucial role in current investigations due to the wide variety of synthetic dyes and proteins available for imaging brain cells and neuronal activities at high spatial and temporal resolution. However, it has limited capability to resolve multiple features simultaneously. We combine multiphoton fluorescence with label-free nonlinear imaging techniques including transient absorption microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to expand the structural and functional features that can be imaged simultaneously. With this platform, we demonstrate the reconstruction of axonal features and microvascular networks together with the mapping of cellular organization.
55179 An assessment of understandability and actionability in breast cancer survivorship print materials

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our results reveal a limited amount of breast cancer survivorship print materials as both understandable and actionable, and indicate a need to supplement material with personalized teaching. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Using educational print material for young women breast cancer survivors (YBCS) is considered a best practice in patient teaching. Little is known about how well YBCS understand or act upon the material. The purpose of this study was to assess the understandability and actionability of commonly distributed breast cancer survivorship print materials. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used an environmental scan approach to obtain breast cancer survivorship print materials available in eight outpatient oncology clinics and one electronic medical record used in a Midwestern state. Print materials were included if they were freely available to patients, were specific to breast cancer, provided detailed information about survivorship, and were directly given to patients by physicians or nurses. Print materials were excluded if topics were related to treatment, diagnosis, or prevention. All brochures, drug advertisements, and advertisements for support services were excluded. The understandability and actionability analyses of the breast cancer survivorship print materials were analyzed using Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The environmental scan resulted in 82 individual print materials. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight breast cancer survivorship print materials were included in the final sample. The final sample included two books, two patient education handouts from the electronic medical record, two multi-page booklets, and two pamphlets. The overall mean understandability score of the print materials was 68.9% ? 11.3 with a range of 47% to 80%. Five materials scored above the recommended 70% in understandability. The overall mean actionability score of the print materials was much higher at 81.3% ? 21.6 with a range of 67% to 100%. Five materials scored above 70% in actionability. However, only three of the eight materials scored above the recommended 70% in both understandability and actionability. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Limited breast cancer survivorship print materials exist as both understandable and actionable. Personalized instruction provided by oncology team members may be indicated to supplement the material. This additional teaching may help ensure survivors comprehend messages and act upon specific tasks as indicated in survivorship print material.