cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 5-year experience with surgical repair of atrial septal defect employing limited exposure.

BACKGROUND There has been a trend in recent years towards less invasive therapy for many congenital cardiac malformations. For the past 5 years, we have employed a technique of limited surgical exposure when repairing atrial defects within the oval fossa. METHODS Over the 5-year period from July 1992 to August 1997, 115 consecutive patients underwent surgical repair of an isolated atrial septal defect in the region of the oval fossa by a single surgeon. The patients had a limited midline skin incision starting at the line of the nipples and extending inferiorly across 2 to 3 intercostal spaces. A partial sternotomy was performed, sparing the manubrium. Standard instruments and cannulation techniques were used for cardiopulmonary bypass and fibrillatory arrest. RESULTS There were no deaths and no major complications. The median time to extubation after leaving the operating room was 3 hours (30 minutes to 8 days). Mediastinal drains were removed the morning after surgery. The median stay in the intensive care unit was 7 hours (3 hours to 10 days), and patients were discharged from the hospital a median of 4 days postoperatively (2 to 23 days). CONCLUSIONS This approach using limited exposure can be applied safely without any new instruments and without peripheral incisions or sites of vascular access, while providing a comfortable exposure for the surgeon and achieving a cosmetically superior result for the patient.
Microsensors and actuators for macrofluidic control

Microsensors and actuators suitable for macrofluidic control have been designed, fabricated, tested, and optimized over the span of the last decade. MEMS-based shear stress sensor arrays using polysilicon hot filaments have been fabricated on both rigid (silicon) and flexible (parylene) substrate for application on all types of fluid dynamic and aerodynamic surfaces. In addition, MEMS bubble flap-type pneumatic actuators have been tested and used in turbulent boundary layer drag reduction in conjunction with the rigid MEMS shear stress sensor arrays acting as high-speed shear stress imagers. The flexible MEMS bubble actuator arrays have also been used with the flexible shear stress sensor arrays for generating maneuvering forces in the wind tunnel for a delta wing model and on UAV-type radio-controlled aircraft.
The effect of an iron supplement on serum aluminum level and desferrioxamine mobilization test in hemodialysis patients.

Background. The serum aluminum (Al) measurement with desferrioxamine (DFO) mobilization is a screening test for uremic patients with an Al overload. In these patients, body iron status is one of the factors affecting the serum Al level. This study is designed to elucidate the effects of iron supplements on the serum Al and the DFO mobilization test. Methods. Our study featured ten hemodialysis patients with iron deficiency anemia. The iron supplement was given intravenously with saccharated ferric oxide, 40 mg three times weekly, at the end of each hemodialysis. The total amount of iron supplement was 1,000 mg. All the patients underwent a DFO test at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The same test was repeated two weeks after completion of the iron supplement. Results. After the iron supplement, patients' iron deficiency anemia improved with a serum ferritin elevation from 312.4 ± 589.5 to 748.2 ± 566.2 μg/L (p < 0.01), and iron saturation from 21.6 ± 20.3 to 41.1 ± 21.7% (p = 0.06). The basal serum Al level decreased ...
Environmentally based maternal effects on development time in the seed beetle Stator pruininus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): consequences of larval density

In response to food limitation, many insects have evolved developmental plasticity in which larvae mature at a smaller body size. Here we investigate the consequences of this smaller body size for development of individuals in the next generation, after resource competition has been relaxed. Families of the seed beetle Stator pruininus (Horn) reared at high density (≈20 eggs per seed) matured at a substantially smaller adult body size than families reared at 1 egg per seed. Females emerging from high density seeds also laid smaller eggs than did females reared at low density (7–14% lighter). Progeny developing from these smaller eggs eventually attained the same adult body size as progeny developing from eggs laid by low-density mothers when all progeny were reared at low density (i.e., resource competition was relaxed). They achieved this by developing on average ≈0.5 d longer. Reciprocal crosses between high and low-density lines demonstrated that the differences among lines in development time was maternally inherited; only maternal lineage explained some of the variance in development time. Thus, larvae appear to compensate for the small eggs laid by their mothers by extending development time to mature at the same size as progeny from larger eggs.
Preliminary Evaluation of Passive Thermal Control for the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) Radiometer

NASA’s Earth observing Soil Moisture Active & Passive (SMAP) Mission is scheduled to launch in November 2014 into a 685 km near-polar, sun synchronous orbit. As one of the four first-tier missions recommended by the National Research Council's Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space, SMAP will provide comprehensive global mapping measurements of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state in order to enhance understanding of the processes that link the water, energy, and carbon cycles. The primary objectives of SMAP are to improve worldwide weather and flood forecasting, enhance climate prediction, and refine drought and agriculture monitoring during its 3 year mission. The SMAP instrument architecture incorporates an L-band radar and an L-band radiometer which share a common feed horn and parabolic mesh reflector. The instrument rotates about the nadir axis at approximately 14 rpm, thereby providing a conically scanning wide swath antenna beam that is capable of achieving global coverage within 3 days. In order to make the necessary precise surface emission measurements from space, the electronics and hardware associated with the radiometer in particular must meet very tight short term (instantaneous and orbital) and long term (monthly and mission) thermal stabilities. Short term orbital stabilities, for example, must not exceed 0.6 o C/orbit, while longer term mission drift must not exceed 15 o C. Maintaining these tight thermal stabilities is quite challenging because the sensitive electronics are located on a fast spinning platform that can either be in full sunlight or eclipse, thus exposing them to a highly transient environment. In the interest of providing a low cost solution to proper thermal management of the instrument, a passive design approach was first implemented early in the design cycle. A Thermal Desktop model was created in order to help evaluate the passive design and assist the project with deciding if a more advanced active control scheme would be required in order to meet the tight stabilities with sufficient margin. This paper will discuss the preliminary thermal model predictions and summarize what thermal stabilities can be realistically achieved through passive means on a fast spinning platform exposed to both direct sunlight and eclipse in low Earth orbit. The SMAP mission has not been formally approved by NASA. The decision to proceed with the mission will not occur until the completion of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. Material in this document related to SMAP is for information purposes only.
Adoptive immunotherapy with vaccine-primed lymph node cells secondarily activated with anti-CD3 and interleukin-2.

PURPOSEIn preclinical studies, we have reported the ability to induce immune T cells in lymph nodes (LN) primed by in vivo vaccination with tumor cells admixed with a bacterial adjuvant. These LN cells can be activated and expanded ex vivo for the successful immunotherapy of established tumors. We have applied these methods to generate vaccine-primed LN in patients with advanced melanoma and renal cell cancer (RCC) for therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODSIrradiated autologous tumor cells admixed with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were used to vaccinate patients. Seven days later, draining LN were removed for activation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) followed by expansion in interleukin-2 (IL-2). Activated LN cells were administered intravenously (IV) with the concomitant administration of IL-2.RESULTSA total of 23 patients were evaluated (11 melanoma and 12 RCC). Vaccine-primed LN were expanded ex vivo with a mean of 8.4 x 10(10) cells administered per patient. Among 20 patients assessed, 15 demonstrate...
Tropopause-Penetrating Convection from Three-Dimensional Gridded NEXRAD Data

AbstractA new method that combines radar reflectivities from individual Next Generation Weather Radars (NEXRAD) into a three-dimensional composite with high horizontal and vertical resolution is used to estimate storm-top altitudes for the continental United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Echo-top altitudes are compared with the altitude of the lapse-rate tropopause calculated from the ERA-Interim reanalysis and radiosondes. To sample the diurnal and annual cycles, tropopause-penetrating convection is analyzed at 3-h intervals throughout 2004. Overshooting convection is most common in the north-central part of the United States (the high plains). There is a pronounced seasonal cycle; the majority of overshooting systems occur during the warm season (March–August). There is also a strong diurnal cycle, with maximum overshooting occurring near 0000 UTC. The overshooting volume decreases rapidly with height above the tropopause. Radiosonde observations are used to evaluate the quality of the reanalysis ...
Multidimensional Gender Identity and Gender-Typed Relationship Styles in Adolescence

The present study was designed to examine the evidence for Bem’s (1981) proposal that strong identification with gender (felt typicality, felt contentedness, felt pressure) promotes restrictive gender-typing (i.e., a preoccupied relationship style for girls; avoidant relationship style for boys). Per a dimension-specific model, I hypothesized that felt typicality and felt contentedness discourage negative gender-atypical attributes, whereas felt pressure encourages gender-typical attributes and discourages gender-atypical ones, without regard for the valence of the attribute. Early adolescents (N = 144, 73 girls, 71 boys) in southeast England responded to self-report measures of gender identity and relationship styles towards the mother and a close friend twice; first in the Spring of the school year (M age = 12.75 years at Time 1; Time 1 data are partly derived from Menon 2011) and again in the Fall of the next school year. In support of the dimension-specific model, felt typicality and felt contentedness were negatively associated with gender-atypical relationship styles, and felt pressure was positively associated with gender-typical styles at each time-point. Longitudinal associations showed that gender-atypical styles prospectively predicted lower felt typicality and contentedness over time. Further, girls with a gender-atypical avoidant style towards their mother increased in their discontentment with gender over time, but only when they also reported strong felt pressure for gender conformity. Results indicate that gender self-socialization is an important basis for identity development in adolescence.
An Exploratory Analysis Of The Relationship Between Consumer Socialization Agents And Childrens Consumption Of Tobacco

This paper expands the use of marketing-related research for the study of tobacco consumption by children, to include consumer socialization theory. The relationships between three socialization factors, parental modeling, parental style of interaction, and parental communication, and a child’s intent to consume tobacco were explored. In a sample of 5 th and 8 th grade students, significant relationships were found between the child’s intent to smoke and both parental modeling and parental style of interaction.
A Monte Carlo Simulation Study To Predict the Solubility of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, and Their Mixture in the Ionic Liquids 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([Cnmim+][Tf2N–], n = 4, 6)

Ionic liquids are being investigated as potential solvents for pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture. In pre-combustion applications, knowledge of the selectivity of CO2 over H2 in high-pressure and high-temperature gas mixtures is crucial. In the present work, the solubility of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and their mixture in the ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([Cnmim+][Tf2N–], n = 4, 6) is computed using the isothermal–isobaric Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (NPT-GEMC) method. The predicted solubility for CO2 and H2 in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([C4mim+][Tf2N–]) and 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([C6mim+][Tf2N–]) are compared with experimental results. It is found that the predicted absorption isotherms for pure gases in the studied ionic liquids (ILs) agree reasonably well with the available experimental results. The Henry’s Law constants, partial molar enthalpies of absorption, partial mola...
Contact Activity of Organically Approved Insecticides Against Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Adults, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contact efficacy of organically approved insecticides against Bagrada hilaris adults. The laboratory bioassay was conducted at the University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center (YAC), Yuma, Arizona in 2014. Adults used in the assays were collected from nontreated plots of alyssum “Carpet of Snow” and turnips at YAC, and held in a 24 × 24 × 36 inch fine mesh rearing cage with fresh broccoli florets for 48 h before being exposed to insecticides. The assay consisted of placing two mating pairs of adults of unknown age into plastic Petri dishes (9 cm) and holding the dishes in a walk-in refrigerator (40°F) for 1 h to slow down insect activity and movement. The Petri dishes …
American Evangelicals and Islam: Their Perspectives, Attitudes and Practices Towards Muslims in the US:

In light of the increasing presence of Muslims in the US, this article elucidates the perspectives, attitudes and practices of American evangelicals towards Muslims in the US. The discussion is informed by data that were gathered through a qualitative study of 40 lay American evangelicals and four pastors, as well as through a focus group study of an evangelical outreach ministry among Muslims. Literature on religious diversity in the US forms the background within which the information drawn from the qualitative interviews and focus group study is discussed and analyzed.The respondents’ perspectives and attitudes towards Islam and Muslims in general are quite negative, as well as conflicted in that while the respondents claimed to be open to interacting and dialoguing with Muslims, their practices towards Muslims were often not so hospitable. This inhospitality was a result of a general fear of Islam and Muslims exhibited by the respondents.
Granular biochar compared with activated carbon for wastewater treatment and resource recovery

Granular wood-derived biochar (BC) was compared to granular activated carbon (GAC) for the treatment and nutrient recovery of real wastewater in both batch and column studies. Batch adsorption studies showed that BC material had a greater adsorption capacity at the high initial concentrations of total chemical oxygen demand (COD-T) (1200 mg L(-1)), PO4 (18 mg L(-1)), and NH4 (50 mg L(-1)) compared to GAC. Conversely the BC material showed a lower adsorption capacity for all concentrations of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD-D) and the lower concentrations of PO4 (5 mg L(-1)) and NH4 (10 mg L(-1)). Packed bed column studies showed similar average COD-T removal rate for BC with 0.27 ± 0.01 kg m(-3) d(-1) and GAC with 0.24 ± 0.01 kg m(-3) d(-1), but BC had nearly twice the average removal rate (0.41 ± 0.08 kg m(-3) d(-3)) compared to GAC during high COD-T concentrations (>500 mg L(-1)). Elemental analysis showed that both materials accumulated phosphorous during wastewater treatment (2.6 ± 0.4 g kg(-1) and 1.9 ± 0.1 g kg(-1) for BC and GAC respectively). They also contained high concentrations of other macronutrients (K, Ca, and Mg) and low concentrations of metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu). The good performance of BC is attributed to its macroporous structure compared with the microporous GAC. These favorable treatment data for high strength wastewater, coupled with additional life-cycle benefits, helps support the use of BC in packed bed column filters for enhanced wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery.
Writing Slow Ontology

What if—in light of the escalating pace of academic production—scholars adopted a Slow Ontology? Because this question moves beyond slowing the pace or volume of productivity to address underlying issues of ontology, it asks not how we can find a slower way of doing scholarship, but how we can find a slower way of scholarly being. A philosophy of Slowness has sparked movements around the globe regarding Slow Food and Slow Cities; these and similar movements disrupt daily practices that prioritize speed, efficiency, and output at the expense of quality. In response, a Slow Ontology approaches writing as a site of creative intervention. This article offers methodological possibilities for writing a Slow Ontology in qualitative inquiry: each attends to how we might write the materiality of our local environments. In writing a Slow Ontology, researchers might create writing that is not unproductive, but is differently productive.
Investigation on present situation of health education in community health service centers in Daxing district of Beijing

Objective To understand the current situation of health education in Daxing District through investigation of19 community health service centers. Methods Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were enrolled in the study,including questionnaire,field observation,personal interview and group discussion. Results Total 50 health education workers with balance genders were selected as respondents. Among them,94% belonged to 25- 45 years old age group,70% got bachelor's degree or above and 86% had medical background. The rate of working environment satisfaction was 60%. According to the attitude towards their own job,70% were in passive working state. Total 58% of them believed the connection with local persons was not deep enough,and 90% thought they valued the form of propaganda much than the effect. Qualitative research showed the main problems in health education were shortage of staff,imperfect networks,the missing functions,lack of individualized education modules and the formality of health classes. Conclusion The primary health education in Daxing District was not satisfied. The problems should be solved with the support of superior departments.
Applying the Norman 1986 User-Centered Model to Post-WIMP UIs: Theoretical Predictions and Empirical Outcomes

In recent decades, “post-WIMP” interactions have revolutionized user interfaces (UIs) and led to improved user experiences. However, accounts of post-WIMP UIs typically do not provide theoretical explanations of why these UIs lead to superior performance. In this article, we use Norman’s 1986 model of interaction to describe how post-WIMP UIs enhance users’ mental representations of UI and task. In addition, we present an empirical study of three UIs; in the study, participants completed a standard three-dimensional object manipulation task. We found that the post-WIMP UI condition led to enhancements of mental representation of UI and task. We conclude that the Norman model is a good theoretical framework to study post-WIMP UIs. In addition, by studying post-WIMP UIs in the context of the Norman model, we conclude that mental representation of task may be influenced by the interaction itself; this supposition is an extension of the original Norman model.
Comparison of compressed sensing diffusion spectrum imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with intracranial masses.

Abstract Purpose To compare compressed diffusion spectrum imaging (CS-DSI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with intracranial masses. We hypothesized that CS-DSI would provide superior visualization of the motor and language tracts. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed 25 consecutive patients with intracranial masses who underwent DTI and CS-DSI for preoperative planning. Directionally-encoded anisotropy maps, and streamline hand corticospinal motor tracts and arcuate fasciculus language tracts were graded according to a 3-point scale. Tract counts, anisotropy, and lengths were also calculated. Comparisons were made using exact marginal homogeneity, McNemar's and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results Readers preferred the CS-DSI over DTI anisotropy maps in 92% of the cases, and the CS-DSI over DTI tracts in 84%. The motor tracts were graded as excellent in 80% of cases for CS-DSI versus 52% for DTI; 58% of the motor tracts graded as acceptable in DTI were graded as excellent in CS-DSI (p = 0.02). The language tracts were graded as excellent in 68% for CS-DSI versus none for DTI; 78% of the language tracts graded as acceptable by DTI were graded as excellent by CS-DSI (p Conclusion CS-DSI was preferred over DTI for the evaluation of motor and language white matter tracts in patients with intracranial masses. Results suggest that CS-DSI may be more useful than DTI for preoperative planning purposes.
Effects of physical activity on biomarkers for the prevention of breast cancer: A twelve-week intervention

B71 Introduction: Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) affects breast cancer risk but the biologic mechanisms are poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of a PA intervention on candidate biomarkers implicated in breast cancer pathophysiology in previously inactive women at high risk for breast cancer. >Methods: We measured serum high density lipoprotein (HDL), c-reactive protein (CRP), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) before and after participation in either a walking program (intervention) or stretching (control) program. We compared changes in these biomarkers in women who increased their PA (as evidenced by an increase in pedometer measured step count of ≥2500 steps/day over baseline activity) with those who did not increase PA ( Results: Serum samples were obtained on 40 study participants aged 32 to 75 years. Baseline serum levels of HDL, CRP and IGF-1 were similar in those with and without increases in step count. >In the group that increased their step count by at least 2500 steps per day, the mean baseline value of HDL (n=20) was 68.85mg/dL, (standard deviation=21.21) and changed to 64.3mg/dL (SD=14.16, p value =0.36) post intervention. The mean change observed was -4.55mg/dL (SD=14.22). The CRP (n=18) baseline mean value was initially 0.31mg/dL (SD=0.29) and increased to 0.38mg/dL (SD= 0.32, p=0.61). The mean change in CRP was 0.04mg/dL (SD=0.24). The mean IGF-1 value (n=18) decreased from 137.74ng/ml (SD=42.2) to 131.78ng/ml (SD=39.14, p=0.16). The mean change was -7.11ng/ml (SD=25.88). >Among participants that did not increase their step count by at least 2500 steps per day, the mean baseline HDL value (n=20) of 60.05mg/dL (SD=15.19). The mean post-intervention HDL was 60.25mg/dL (SD=17.93, p=0.87); mean change = 0.20mg/dL (SD=7.48). The mean CRP value (n=19) was 0.35mg/dL (SD=0.40) at baseline and 0.40mg/dL (SD=0.46, p=0.60) post intervention; mean change = 0.03mg/dL (SD=0.33). IGF-1 increased from a mean of 141.28ng/ml (SD=47.37) to 145.84ng/ml (SD=43.13, p=0.97); mean change = -0.18ng/ml (SD=28.32). >Conclusion: The intervention was designed primarily to increase PA in women at risk for breast cancer and breast cancer survivors in response to recent studies that link PA to cancer prevention. We did not observe any statistically significant changes in HDL, CRP or IGF-1 in this analysis. Women that became more active appeared to have greater changes in biomarker values and although the HDL values decreased as expected, CRP and IGF-1 changed in the opposite manner than anticipated. The data collected here will be useful for designing larger lifestyle intervention studies with endpoints specific to changes in serum biomarkers and their effects on the development or prevention of cancer. Further study of how PA modulates breast cancer risk is needed.
A Psychological History of Ageism and Its Implications for Elder Suicide

The contemporary Western world is rife with explicit and implicit forms of ageism or prejudice and discrimination against persons on the basis of age. According to the standard gerontological narrative, our contemporary ageist attitudes arose as an effect of the technological, social, and political changes that ushered in the modernist era. This chapter offers an alternative account by grounding these historical events in underlying changes in the psychological life of humanity. This view affords a larger perspective, identifying ageism as rooted in the existential fear of death, which developed from the emergence in the twelfth century of a sense of individual self as separate from the collective. It would find expression in and nourishment from the development of linear perspective vision and printed media in the fifteenth century and consolidation later in scientific and philosophical developments. In our contemporary situation, longer life spans, a growing population of elders, and increasing medical expenses are prompting conversations about rational suicide. These conversations would do well to situate themselves within the larger perspective of a psychological historical view, considering ways in which the rational act may be grounded in the culture’s hidden assumptions.
Recursive position estimation in sensor networks

Recursive hierarchy provides a framework for extending position estimation throughout a sensor network. Given imprecise ranging and inter-node communication, nodes scattered throughout a large volume can estimate their physical locations from a small set of reference nodes using only local information. System coverage increases iteratively, as nodes with newly estimated positions join the reference set, capitalizing on the massive scale of sensor networks. The system frames position estimation as a geometric problem solvable through common nonlinear regression techniques and develops methods for gauging the reliability of position estimates. This provides a flexible framework that can use and enhance a variety of technologies and protocols to produce fine-grained position estimates. A specific model provides a simulation environment showing that over 90% of position estimates are correct to within 3% of the ranging distance with only 5% of the system in the initial reference set.
Discrete bimetallic Co(II) phosphinate complexes supported by 2,6-dimesitylphenylphosphinate ligand

Abstract Reactions of Co(II) sources with 2,6-dimesitylphenylphosphinate were conducted in two phase (toluene/water) solvent systems. The presence of small coordinating anions (X) and neutral ligands (L) was found to be a determining factor for the outcome of these reactions. When both were present, discrete bimetallic complexes of the type [X-Co-μ-(DmpP(H)O2)3-Co-L] were produced (X = Cl−, L = p-fluorobenzylnitrile (1a), p-cyanoaniline (1b), acetonitrile (1c), or pyridine (1d); X = Br−, L = DMF (2); X = thiocyanate, L = H2O (3)). In these complexes both Co(II) centers are in distorted tetrahedral ligand geometries that are formed by the three oxygens of the bridging phosphinate ligands and either X or L ligands. In the absence of a coordinating anion and with p-cyanoaniline as a small neutral ligand bimetallic cation [p-NH2-C6H4-CN-Co-μ-(DmpP(H)O2)3-Co(H2O)3]+ (4) was obtained. Cation 4 contains a tetrahedral and an octahedral Co(II) center; an additional phosphinate serves as a counterion and is attached to the cation via hydrogen bonding to water molecules coordinated to the octahedral cobalt center. Complexes 1a–d, 2, 3, and 4 [DmpP(H)O2] were characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic (UV–Vis and IR) and magnetic measurements, and by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. When Co(BF4)2 was reacted with two equivalents of DmpP(H)O2− with no other neutral ligands present, slow evaporation of the reaction mixtures produced blue powdery solids. In one of such reactions several large blue crystals were produced and analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound was characterized as trimetallic complex [((H2O)DmpP(H)O2-Co-(μ-DmpP(H)O2)2)2Co] (5). The formation of compound 5 suggests that under selected conditions formation of oligomeric/polymeric compounds with the general formula “Co(DmpP(H)O2)2” may be possible.
Comparison of estimates of Achilles tendon loading from inverse dynamics and inverse dynamics-based static optimisation during running.

ABSTRACTTendon stress may be one of the important risk factors for running-related tendon injury. Several methods have been used to estimate Achilles tendon (AT) loading during a human performance such as inverse dynamics (ID) and inverse dynamics-based static optimisation (IDSO). Our purpose was to examine differences between ID and IDSO estimates of AT loading during running. Kinematic data were captured simultaneously with kinetic data. Imaging of the AT cross-sectional area was performed with ultrasound for 17 healthy runners (height: 170.2 ± 6.2 cm, mass: 63.9 ± 11.0 kg, age: 21.8 ± 1.4 years). AT stress, strain, and force were estimated from both ID and IDSO approaches. The two methods resulted in minimal differences (3.6–4.7%) in estimated peak AT stress, strain, and force (P = 0.051–0.054); however, IDSO estimates were greater (32.7–36.8%) during early-stance phase of running (P = 0.000–0.008). This difference in AT load during early-stance may be due to the inability of the ID to account muscle c...
Conscience in the public square: The pivoting positions of the USCCB and ACLU around the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

The debate on the meaning of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) is rapidly developing. Taking three snapshots in the bill's history (in 1993 at its origin, in 2014 during Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, and in 2015 after Obergefell v. Hodges), this essay evaluates the stances taken on the RFRA by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the US Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). Although the ACLU initially supported the bill, it now campaigns against it. In contrast the USCCB, once hesitant to endorse the RFRA, fervently defends it today. Evaluating these pivoting positions, this essay suggests that at the heart of the debate on RFRA lies a difference in understanding the right to follow one's conscience in the public square.Lay Summary: This essay evaluates how the ACLU and the USCCB differ in their understanding of conscience. Next, the essay demonstrates that this difference leads to opposing viewpoints on the Religious Freedom Restoration Act today. Although both initially supported the Rel...
Influence of the fibre damping computational model in a mechanical system on the coincidence with the experimental measurement results

Experimental measurements focused on the investigation of fiber behaviour are performed on an assembled weight-fibre-pulley-drive mechanical system. The carbon fibre driven by one drive is led over a pulley. At its other end there is a prismshaped steel weight which moves in a prismatic linkage on an inclined plane. In the presented case, the position of the weight is symmetric with respect to the plane of drive-pulley symmetry. Drive periodic excitation signals can be of different shapes with the possibility of variation of a signal rate. Time histories of the weight position and the force acting in the fibre are measured. The same system is numerically investigated by means of multibody models. In the computational model, the influence of the fibre damping coefficient exerted both on the coincidence of the simulation results and the experimental measurement results is evaluated. The main aim of simulations is to create a phenomenological model of a fibre which will be utilizable in fibre modelling in the case of more complicated mechanical or mechatronic systems.
Temporal Changes in Marine Shellfish? A Preliminary Archaeological Perspective from the Northumberland Strait

Abstract This paper reports results of test excavations conducted at BjCo-02, a shell midden on the Mi'kmaw island of Maligomish located off the southern coast of the Northumberland Strait in northeastern Nova Scotia. While the site yielded few artifacts, preliminary observations indicate changes in the proportions of the two dominant shellfish species (eastern oyster and soft-shell clam) between 1500 and 500 y.b.p. The appearance of eastern oyster at ca. 1500 y.b.p. and its virtual absence ca. 500 y.b.p. suggest that the Maligomish midden conforms and, at the same time, challenges previously observed patterns at other shell midden sites in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and along the east coast of the United States. Drawing on the preliminary archaeological data from BjCo-02, and previous palynological studies from the region, this paper argues for the recognition of Northumberland Strait as a unique environment within the broader northeastern North American region. The paper also makes recommendations...
Chapter 25: Stock Market Anomalies

Stock market anomalies representing the predictability of cross-sectional stock returns are one of most controversial topics in financial economic research. This chapter reviews several well-documented and pervasive anomalies in the literature, including investment-related anomalies, value anomalies, momentum and long-term reversal, size, and accruals. Although anomalies are widely accepted, much disagreement exists on the underlying reasons for their predictability. This chapter surveys two competing theories that attempt to explain the presence of stock market anomalies: rational and behavioral. The rational explanation focuses on the improvement of the existing asset pricing models and/or searching for additional risk factors to explain the existence of anomalies. By contrast, the behavioral explanation attributes the predictability to human behavioral biases in collecting and processing financial information, as well as in making investment decisions.
Trends in cardiovascular risk factor management in type 1 diabetes by sex.

Abstract Aims DCCT showed that intensive type 1 diabetes management reduces complication incidence but did not focus on other cardiovascular disease risk factors, whose control in type 1 diabetes has not been well-studied. We assessed trends in cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes and attainment of concurrent American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines/recommendations (for HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) for complication prevention. Methods Individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 658; 49.4% women; baseline (1986–1988) median age 27 and duration 19 years) were followed biennially for up to 25 years, with surveys and/or examinations. Results At the latest recorded follow-up, achievement of concurrent ADA recommendations increased for HbA 1c (from 9.7 to 25.6%, p Conclusions Although the adoption of intensive insulin therapy and obtaining ADA HbA 1c recommendations are increasing, overall cardiovascular risk factor compliance remains low and merits further intervention.
"Changing Institutions: New Logics, Reforms and Labor Structures in Professional Organizations"

The purpose of this symposium is to explore how professionals influence and adapt to institutional change. Specifically, we focus on how professionals inside organizations accept, influence, or res...
Integrating denotational meaning into a DBN language model.

This paper describes a dynamic Bayes net (DBN) language model which allows recognition decisions to be conditioned on features of entities in some environment, to which hypothesized directives might refer. The accuracy of this model is then evaluated on spoken directives in various domains.
The effects of pulsed fertilization and chronic herbivory by periodical cicadas on tree growth.

Although many studies have investigated plant growth in the context of episodic herbivory and pressed resource availability, relatively few have examined how plant growth is affected by pulsed resources and chronic herbivory. Periodical cicada (Magicicada spp.) adults represent a pulsed detrital subsidy that fertilizes plants, and live cicada nymphs are long-lived root-feeding herbivores. Previous studies of cicada herbivory effects have been inconclusive, and previous studies of cicada-mediated fertilization did not examine effects on trees, or on a multiyear timescale. Here, we describe the results of a 3-yr experiment that factorially manipulated the presence and absence of cicada fertilization and herbivory in a population of 100 American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) trees. We found that cicada fertilization strongly increased tree growth in the year of emergence, creating differences in tree size that persisted at least 2 yr later. By comparison, we did not detect reductions in tree growth associated with cicada herbivory in any year of this experiment. However, cicada herbivory reduced the densities of, and damage from, other aboveground herbivores. These results suggest that cicadas affect the size structure of forests over multiple years, and raise questions about how cicada-mediated fertilization and herbivory will affect tree growth over longer timescales.
Prioritizing the Dual Needs of Asylum-Seekers While Cultivating Psychotherapeutic Alliances

The primary motivation that drives refugees to seek psychotherapy is the asylum-seeking process that requires that they prove a level of persecution in their home countries or risk deportation. Refugees are uninsured and lack access to mental healthcare; they often seek psychotherapeutic services in response to recommendations from their immigration attorneys during the asylum-seeking process. If a clinician can help secure asylum status with the biography of trauma while simultaneously prioritizing treatment of trauma-related mental healthcare needs, then the opportunity to begin the cultivation of an ongoing psychotherapeutic alliance presents itself. The reason refugees continue psychotherapy after they are granted asylum is linked to effective clinical decision-making before, during, and after asylum status. This is a composite case study, which prioritizes the ethical considerations involved in protecting clients’ overall well-being with regards to balancing advocacy and clinical work. This composite case study is comprised of more than one case.
Observations of leucistic Turkey Vultures ( Cathartes aura ) in Jamaica

Abstract: While censusing for the Golden Swallow (Tachycineta euchrysea) in the Cockpit Country and Blue Mountain regions of Jamaica, we observed six unique leucistic Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) across 634 standardized point counts. Leucistic individuals accounted for 0.2% of the total 2,826 Turkey Vultures we documented from 16 January to 12 February (28 days) and from 4 to 27 March (24 days) 2015. Though not a complete island-wide census, our observations offer the first documented insight on the prevalence and distribution of leucism in Jamaican Turkey Vulture populations. Keywords: Cathartes aura, Jamaica, leucism, Turkey Vulture Resumen: Observaciones de individuos leucisticos de Cathartes aura en Jamaica—Durante un censo de Tachycineta euchrysea en las regiones de Cockpit Country y Blue Mountains de Jamaica, observamos seis singulares individuos leucisticos de Cathartes aura a lo largo de 634 puntos de conteo estandarizados. Los individuos leucisticos constituyen el 0,2% del total de 2.826 Cathartes aura que documentamos desde el 16 enero hasta el 12 febrero (28 dias), y desde el 4 hasta el 27 marzo (24 dias) de 2015. Aunque no realizamos un censo completo de toda la isla, nuestras observaciones representan la primera documentacion acerca de la prevalencia y distribucion de leucismo en poblaciones de Cathartes aura en Jamaica. Palabras clave: Cathartes aura, Jamaica, leucismo Resume: Observations d’Urubus a tete rouge (Cathartes aura) leucistiques en Jamaique—Lors du recensement des Hirondelles dorees (Tachycineta euchrysea) dans les regions de Cockpit Country et de Blue Mountains en Jamaique, nous avons observe six Urubus a tete rouge (Cathartes aura) leucistiques sur les 634 points de comptage normalise. Les individus leucistiques representaient 0,2% des 2.826 Urubus a tete rouge observes du 16 janvier au 12 fevrier (28 jours) et du 4 au 27 mars (24 jours) en 2015. Bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas d’un recensement complet de l’ile, nos observations sont les premieres a documenter la prevalence et la repartition du leucisme dans les populations d’Urubu a tete rouge en Jamaique. Mots cles: Cathartes aura, Jamaique, leucisme, Urubu a tete rouge
Barriers to Sonographer Screening for Fetal Heart Defects: A U.S. National Survey.

OBJECTIVE We surveyed obstetric sonographers, who are at the forefront of the screening process to determine how barriers to prenatal cardiac screening impacted screening abilities. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional national survey of obstetric sonographers in the United States using a sampling frame from American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography mailing lists. The web survey measured the ability to obtain and interpret fetal heart images. Several cognitive, sociodemographic, and system-level factors were measured, including intention to perform cardiac imaging. Regression and mediation analyses determined factors associated with intention to perform and ability to obtain and interpret cardiac images. Subgroup analyses of sonographers in tertiary versus nontertiary centers were also performed. RESULTS Survey response rate either due to noncontact or nonresponse was 40%. Of 480 eligible sonographers, ~30% practiced in tertiary settings. Sonographers had lower intention to perform outflow views compared to 4 chambers. Higher self-efficacy and professional expectations predicted higher odds of intention to perform outflow views (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.2 and 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.0, respectively). Overall accuracy of image interpretation was 65% (±14%). For the overall cohort and nontertiary subgroup, higher intention to perform outflows was associated with increased accuracy in overall image interpretation. For the tertiary subgroup, self-efficacy and feedback were strongly associated with accuracy. CONCLUSIONS We identified several modifiable (some heretofore unrecognized) targets to improve prenatal cardiac screening. Priorities identified by sonographers that are associated with screening success should guide future interventions.
Opioid seeking behaviors and diversion in hospitalized pediatric patients: A case series

Abstract All nurses have a responsibility for monitoring their patients for signs of substance misuse or substance use disorder. Adolescents and young adults are at risk for substance use. Prescription medications may be used by adolescents for non-medical reasons such as to feel high, to assist with sleep, to avoid negative feelings or thoughts or to avoid withdrawal symptoms after chronic use. Some adolescents with legally prescribed medications have been asked to divert those medications by giving them to someone else. Drug diversion by employees is often reported in healthcare settings, but diversion of medications done by patients is far less commonly reported. This paper is a report of two patients with complex medical issues and chronic pain who diverted opioid medications while hospitalized. Hiring clinical staff, such as nurses, working in Drug Diversion Prevention positions will provide knowledge and expertise to facilitate investigations and to help reduce risks for diversion in healthcare settings. In addition, nurses with concerns about patient diversion should discuss these concerns with the care team. Organizational leaders need to support their teams by providing education and resources so staff feel comfortable addressing these challenging situations.
1954 Cole's paradox

Abstract A major division in life-history classifications are semelparous organisms which reproduce once in their lifetimes and then die versus iteroparous organisms which may reproduce multiple times after becoming sexually mature. In 1954 Lamont Cole (Cole, 1954) developed a simple model to compare population growth rates for a semelparous organism and an iteroparous organism. He concluded that a semelparous organism could equal the growth rate of an immortal iteroparous organism by simply producing one additional offspring. This result suggests that iteroparity should be a rare life-history strategy, yet in fact it is quite common and hence the paradox.
PETRODOLLARS, GLOBALIZATION AND U.S. INFLATION

This paper evaluates the theoretical and empirical evidence that bears on the question of whether globalization and petrodollars recycling contributed to significant changes in inflation performance in the U.S. We assume that the impact of globalization can be direct and indirect. Direct impact is through the cheaper imported goods to the U.S. as a component of Consumer Price Index. Indirect impacts are through the effects on wage, cost of capital, and inflow of funds including the petrodollars and the impacts of price of competing goods. Data for analysis are compiled from the Department of Commerce and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for period of 1990-2005. Our findings suggest that, under current circumstances, globalization could have only a modest disinflationary effect on U.S. inflation. However, if some fundamental factors, such as these countries’ exchange rates, demand and wage change (i.e. increase), then the downward pressure on U.S. inflation will be decreased. The flow of workers from emerging economies to competitive labor markets will slow down. The downward pressure on rich-world wages and prices will lift, and globalization will become an inflationary force instead. JEL: E24, E29, E31, F14, F16
No Immediate Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation at Various Intensities on Cerebral Blood Flow in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Animal and transcranial magnetic stimulation motors have evoked potential studies suggesting that the currently used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) intensities produce measurable physiological changes. However, the validity, mechanisms, and general efficacy of this stimulation modality are currently being scrutinized. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tDCS on cerebral blood flow. A sample of three people with multiple sclerosis underwent two blocks of five randomly assigned tDCS intensities (1, 2, 3, 4 mA, and sham; 5 min each) and [15O]water positron emission tomography imaging. The relative regional (i.e., areas under the electrodes) and global cerebral blood flow were calculated. The results revealed no notable differences in regional or global cerebral blood flow from the different tDCS intensities. Thus, 5 min of tDCS at 1, 2, 3, and 4 mA did not result in immediate changes in cerebral blood flow. To achieve sufficient magnitudes of intracranial electrical fields without direct peripheral side effects, novel methods may be required.