cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased NADPH- and NADH-Dependent Production of Superoxide and Hydroxyl Radical by Microsomes after Chronic Ethanol Treatment

There is increasing evidence that elevated production of reactive oxygen intermediates may contribute to the hepatotoxic actions of ethanol. Microsomes from ethanol-treated rats have been shown to generate oxygen radicals at elevated rates. Most of these studies have utilized chemical analysis techniques to assay for the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Experiments employing the spin-trapping ESR spectroscopy technique were carried out for a more definitive characterization of production of reactive oxygen intermediates such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical (.OH) by microsomes from ethanol-fed rats and pair-fed controls, in the presence of either NADPH or NADH as the microsomal reductant. Superoxide production was determined by assaying the superoxide dismutase-sensitive generation of stable nitroxyl radical from 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine resulting from hydrogen abstraction by superoxide radical, while .OH production was determined by assaying the formation of the POBN-alpha-hydroxyethyl radical adduct resulting from addition of the hydroxyethyl radical produced by hydrogen abstraction by .OH. Microsomes from ethanol-treated rats displayed elevated rates of superoxide production with NADPH (50%) as well as with NADH (34%). With both microsomal preparations, the NADPH-dependent rates were three- to fourfold greater than the NADH-dependent rates. Microsomes from the ethanol-treated rats also displayed elevated rates of .OH production (POBN-HER adduct formation) with NADPH (74%) and NADH (52%). With both microsomal preparations, NADPH-dependent rates were equivalent to the rates with NADH. The increase in superoxide and .OH production after ethanol treatment was highly significant (n = 6, P < 0.001). Production of the POBN-HER adduct was sensitive to catalase, mannitol, and GSH, but not to superoxide dismutase. Addition of desferrioxamine caused a marked decrease in the signal intensity; the POBN-HER adduct formed under these conditions most likely reflects the previously reported radical-independent, direct oxidation of ethanol by cytochrome P450. Signal intensity in the presence of desferrioxamine was about threefold higher after ethanol treatment. These results demonstrate that production of reactive oxygen intermediates by microsomes, as determined by ESR spectroscopy, is elevated after chronic ethanol consumption, and that increases in production of reactive oxygen intermediates can be found with NADPH as well as NADH as the microsomal reductant.
Topological optimization of nonlinear optical quantum wire networks

Spatially extended molecular structures, modeled as quantum graphs with one-dimensional electron dynamics, exhibit optical responses that can approach the fundamental limits. We present the results of a comprehensive study of the topological dependence of the nonlinearities of quantum graphs and show exactly how the first and second hyperpolarizability of a graph depend upon its topological class and how the hyperpolarizability tensors vary with graph geometry. We show how graphs with star motifs share universal scaling behavior near the maximum nonlinear responses and articulate design rules for quantum-confined, quasi-one dimensional systems that may be realized using molecular elements and nanowires.
Replicative and differentiative behavior in daughter pairs of myogenic stem cells.

Abstract Time-lapse microcinematography was used to trace the migration and subsequent fate of daughter pairs from single myogenic stem cells. The generation times of siblings which divide are closely correlated ( r , 0.73) compared with randomly selected cells ( r , 0.059), suggesting the more or less equal partition of stem cell components. The commitment to differentiative expression, however, is not inherited and must occur following stem cell division. Within the combined group in which at least one sibling fused, the ratio of pairs in which both fuse to pairs in which one divides and one fuses is 21:18. X 2 for this ratio (compared with 1:1) is 0.103 indicating that it is just as likely that one daughter fuses and the other divides as that both fuse. We see no evidence of an intrinsic mitotic clock. If there were, one would expect that both or neither daughter would differentiate, depending on whether or not the ‘clock’ had run out for a particular stem cell.
Eye detection using color information and a new efficient SVM

Eye detection is an important initial step in an automatic face recognition system. We present in this paper a real-time accurate eye detection method using color information and wavelet features together with a new efficient Support Vector Machine (eSVM). In particular, this method consists of two stages: the eye candidate selection and validation. The selection stage rejects 99% of the pixels through an eye color distribution analysis in the YCbCr color space, while the remaining 1% of the pixels are further processed by the validation stage. The validation stage applies 2D Haar wavelets for multi-scale image representation, PCA for dimensionality reduction, and eSVM for classification to detect the center of an eye. The eSVM, based on the idea of minimizing the maximum margin of misclassified samples, is defined on fewer support vectors than the standard SVM, which can achieve faster detection speed and comparable or even higher detection accuracy. Experiments on Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) database show the feasibility of our proposed method, which can processes 6.25 images with the size of 128∗128 per second in average and achieves 94.92% eye detection accuracy.
Noninstantaneous O(v/c) relativistic effects in bound states and a covariant Schroedinger equation

The noninstantaneous and nonlocal interactions which follow from Weinberg-type dynamics are found to produce $\frac{v}{c}$ relativistic corrections to potentials which are nonrelativistic limits of certain field-theoretic dynamics. Such corrections may be applicable in, for example, phenomenological models of charmonium. These interactions are driving terms in a covariant three-dimensional two-body integral equation derivable from field theory. For bound systems this equation is a fully covariant Schr\"odinger equation, with spacelike relative momentum and a proper angular resolution. We study this equation, including its systematic relativistic corrections, in various limits based on scalar-particle-exchange dynamics. We compare and contrast it to a related but different three-]dimensional equation derivable from field theory which represents an equal-time projection. We also comment on other approaches to the relation between relativistic and nonrelativistic dynamics.
Onk-Dimensional Balanced Binary Trees

An amortized analysis of the insertion and deletion algorithms ofk-dimensional balanced binary trees (kBB-trees) is performed. It is shown that the total rebalancing time for a mixed sequence ofminsertions and deletions in akBB-tree of sizenisO(k(m+n)). Based on 2BB-trees, a self-organizing tree, called aself-organizing balanced binary tree, is defined. It is shown that the average access time for an item stored in the tree is optimal to within a constant factor, while the worst-case access time is logarithmic. The amortized analysis ofkBB-trees leads to the result that the total update time for a mixed sequence ofmaccesses, insertions, and (restricted) deletions in a self-organizing balanced binary tree initially storingndata items isO(m+n)
Influence of Film-Hole Shape and Angle on Showerhead Film Cooling Using PSP Technique

The effect of film-hole geometry and angle on turbine blade leading edge film cooling has been experimentally studied using the pressure sensitive paint technique. The leading edge is modeled by a blunt body with a semicylinder and an after-body. Two film cooling designs are considered: a heavily film cooled leading edge featured with seven rows of film cooling holes and a moderately film cooled leading edge with three rows. For the seven-row design, the film holes are located at 0 deg (stagnation line), ±15 deg, ±30 deg, and ±45 deg on the model surface. For the three-row design, the film holes are located at 0 deg and ±30 deg. Four different film cooling hole configurations are applied to each design: radial angle cylindrical holes, compound angle cylindrical holes, radial angle shaped holes, and compound angle shaped holes. Testing was done in a low speed wind tunnel. The Reynolds number, based on mainstream velocity and diameter of the cylinder, is 100,900. The mainstream turbulence intensity is about 7% near of leading edge model and the turbulence integral length scale is about 1.5 cm. Five averaged blowing ratios are tested ranging from M=0.5 to M=2.0. The results show that the shaped holes provide higher film cooling effectiveness than the cylindrical holes, particularly at higher average blowing ratios. The radial angle holes give better effectiveness than the compound angle holes at M = 1.0―2.0. The seven-row film cooling design results in much higher effectiveness on the leading edge region than the three-row design at the same average blowing ratio or same amount coolant flow.
Magnetic properties of weakly coupled superconducting grains

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of weakly coupled superconducting grains in a magnetic field. Starting from the mean field approximation, we treat the induced field and the nonlinearities self-consistently. Close to but slightly belowT c (H), the order parameter, the magnetization and the variance of the induced-field distribution. Recent experiments on high-T c materials are consistent with these predictions.
Bilingualism and enhanced attention in early adulthood

Abstract This exploratory study investigated executive attention during nonverbal and verbal processing among adults with a range of bilingual experience. Previous research has found that bilingual children control their attention better than their monolingual peers and that superior attentional control in some processing contexts persists into adulthood among lifelong bilinguals. An open question is whether late-acquired experience learning and using two languages can lead to enhanced executive attention or whether these cognitive advantages are available only to individuals whose bilingualism develops in early childhood. A total of 48 Spanish–English bilinguals completed verbal and nonverbal tasks designed to assess aspects of executive attention including inhibitory control and monitoring and switching of attention (i.e. working memory capacity). Preliminary results suggest an association between bilingual experience and enhanced efficiency of these components of executive attention in the nonverbal do...
Linkage of Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Conduction Defect and Muscular Dystrophy to Chromosome 6q23

Inherited cardiomyopathies may arise from mutations in genes that are normally expressed in both heart and skeletal muscle and therefore may be accompanied by skeletal muscle weakness. Phenotypically, patients with familial dilated cardiomyopathy (FDC) show enlargement of all four chambers of the heart and develop symptoms of congestive heart failure. Inherited cardiomyopathies may also be accompanied by cardiac conduction-system defects that affect the atrioventricular node, resulting in bradycardia. Several different chromosomal regions have been linked with the development of autosomal dominant FDC, but the gene defects in these disorders remain unknown. We now characterize an autosomal dominant disorder involving dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction-system disease, and adult-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (FDC, conduction disease, and myopathy [FDC-CDM]). Genetic linkage was used to exclude regions of the genome known to be linked to dilated cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy phenotypes and to confirm genetic heterogeneity of these disorders. A genomewide scan identified a region on the long arm of chromosome 6 that is significantly associated with the presence of myopathy (D6S262; maximum LOD score [Z(max)] 4.99 at maximum recombination fraction [theta(max)] .00), identifying FDC-CDM as a genetically distinct disease. Haplotype analysis refined the interval containing the genetic defect, to a 3-cM interval between D6S1705 and D6S1656. This haplotype analysis excludes a number of striated muscle-expressed genes present in this region, including laminin alpha2, laminin alpha4, triadin, and phospholamban.
The U.S. Library Program: Analysis of the Impact on Staff in Louisiana Public Libraries

The U.S. Library Program is in the process of donating computers to public library buildings across the country. This paper reports the results of a survey conducted shortly after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, through its U.S. Library Program, awarded a statewide grant of computers and software to public libraries in the state of Louisiana. The aim of the survey was to gather data about the grant's impact on, staff in these libraries, many of which had no prior implementation of computing technology.
Destabilization of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA in astrocytes by ammonia and protection by extracellular ATP

The expression of the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), is decreased in hepatic encephalopathy and increased in numerous neurological conditions including brain injury. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate GFAP expression. Here it is reported that treatment of cultured astrocytes with ammonium chloride reduces GFAP mRNA by up to 85% without inhibiting total RNA synthesis. The effect of NH4Cl was time and dose dependent. The reduction in GFAP mRNA was detected 3 h after initiation of ammonia treatment with a maximum effect observed at 24 h. Significant decreases in GFAP mRNA were observed at 2, 5, and 10 mM NH4Cl. Concurrent treatment with extracellular ATP prevented the loss of GFAP mRNA, possibly by activation of purinergic receptors. In addition, removal of ammonium chloride restored GFAP mRNA to normal levels. Nuclear runoff experiments indicated that NH4Cl did not inhibit GFAP mRNA transcription. Studies using alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II, showed that NH4Cl decreased the stability of GFAP mRNA by approximately 50%. This destabilization of GFAP mRNA may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Because increased GFAP is an important component of reactive gliosis, understanding the mechanisms that destabilize GFAP mRNA may facilitate strategies to minimize the gliosis associated with brain injury.
Influence of surface microstructure on the electric and spectroscopic characteristics of dielectric surface flashover

Spectroscopic investigations were performed on high purity polycrystalline alumina in vacuum to understand the effect of surface microstructure as altered by mechanical surface treatment, on the optical as well as the electrical characteristics of dielectric surface flashover. HV pulses were applied to unpolished samples as well as to samples subjected to mechanical polishing by using SiC (268 to 16 /spl mu/m) and diamond abrasives (15 to 0.25 /spl mu/m). The samples finished using diamond paste exhibited lower conditioned voltages and holdoff strength than those prepared with SiC abrasive finish. The spectrum of diamond-finished samples showed early development of molecular bands associated with the dielectric material. This behavior could be due to a larger density of defects developed on the surface during final polishing with diamond paste. There seems to be a correlation between the electrical performance of a sample, the polishing medium used for its surface finish, and the development of some of the spectral lines from flashover. The experimentally-observed phenomena in the studies point to different phases of surface conditioning, in which the dominating factors for the origin of surface flashover seem to depend on the surface state of the insulator. >
Enhanced ratio of urinary amylase to creatinine clearance in a man with march hemoglobinuria.

Abstract We describe a young soldier who developed increases in the ratio of urinary amylase clearance to creatinine clearance during episodes of march hemoglobinuria. Clearance ratios returned to baseline values as hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria resolved. Hemoglobinuria may interfere with the renal handling of amylase in humans.
Vaginal Contraceptive Rings

Steroids diffuse through polysiloxone at a constant rate, and steroids placed in the vagina rapidly pass through the vaginal epithelium into the circulation. Combining these principles led to the development of contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) consisting of various progestins, with and without oestrogen, placed in flexible polysiloxone, doughnut-shaped devices. As occurs with oral contraceptives, the CVRs containing progestin plus oestrogen are left in the vagina for 3 weeks and removed for 1 week to allow withdrawal bleeding, while CVRs releasing a small dose of progestins without oestrogen are left in the vagina continuously for several months. Large-scale, clinical trials were performed with a low dose levonorgestrel-releasing-only CVR by the WHO. At 1 year, continuation rates were about 50 per 100 women with 17.2 per 100 discontinuing for menstrual problems and 4.5 for pregnancy. Two sizes of a CVR containing levonorgestrel and oestradiol were studied in a multinational trial organized by the Population Council. At the end of 1 year, about half the women were continuing with the method, one-quarter had discontinued because of bleeding problems, and pregnancy rates were between 1 and 2 per 100 women. The CVR was well accepted by women and their partners, but because of lowered HDL-cholesterol levels and accelerated atherosclerosis in female monkeys, further development of this formulation was discontinued. Recently, phase II clinical trials with CVRs containing combinations of NET-acetate plus ethinyloestradiol and 3-ketodesogestrel plus ethinyloestradiol have been undertaken. These CVRs provide good bleeding control, inhibit ovulation consistently and do not have an adverse effect on serum lipids. Phase III trials with these two types of CVRs will be initiated shortly.
Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein

Abstract Background: Subcellular targeting of protein kinases and phosphatases provides a mechanism for co-localizing these enzymes with their preferred substrates. A recently identified mammalian scaffold protein, AKAP79, controls the location of two broad-specificity kinases and a phosphatase. Results: We have identified and characterized another mammalian scaffold protein which coordinates the location of protein kinase A and protein kinase C. We isolated a cDNA encoding a 250 kDa A-skinase anchoring protein (AKAP) called gravin, which was originally identified as a cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera. Sequence homology to proteins that are known to bind protein kinase C suggests that gravin also binds this kinase. Studies of binding in vitro show that residues 1526–1780 of gravin bind the regulatory subunit (RII) of protein kinase A with high affinity, and residues 265–556 bind protein kinase C. Gravin expression in human erythroleukemia cells can be induced with phorbol ester, resulting in the detection of a 250 kDa RII- and PKC-binding protein. Immunolocalization experiments show that gravin is concentrated at the cell periphery and is enriched in filopodia. Gravin staining is coincident with an AKAP detected by an in situ RII-overlay assay, and a PKA–gravin complex can be isolated from human erythroleukemia cells. Conclusions: We present biochemical evidence that gravin forms part of a signaling scaffold, and propose that protein kinases A and C may participate in the coordination of signal transduction events in the filopodia of human erythroleukemia cells.
Global Atmospheric Sensitivity to Tropical SST Anomalies throughout the Indo-Pacific Basin

Abstract The sensitivity of the global atmospheric response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies throughout the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean basins is investigated using the NCEP MRF9 general circulation model (GCM). Model responses in January are first determined for a uniform array of 42 localized SST anomaly patches over the domain. Results from the individual forcing experiments are then linearly combined using a statistically based smoothing procedure to produce sensitivity maps for many target quantities of interest, including the geopotential height response over the Pacific–North American (PNA) region and regional precipitation responses over North America, South America, Africa, Australia, and Indonesia. Perhaps the most striking result from this analysis is that many important targets for seasonal forecasting, including the PNA response, are most sensitive to SST anomalies in the Nino-4 region (5°N–5°S, 150°W–160°E) of the central tropical Pacific, with lesser and sometimes opposite s...
Some interesting problems in systems theory which are of fundamental importance in coding theory

The paper explains in a tutorial way some major research questions in the area of convolutional coding theory from a perspective of systems theory. We show that those questions are related to some classical control problems e.g. the quadratic regulator problem and the tracking problem. We also report on some code constructions which were derived by techniques from systems theory.
Cooperative content distribution and traffic engineering

Traditionally, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) make profit by providing Internet connectivity, while content providers (CPs) play the more lucrative role of delivering content to users. As network connectivity is increasingly a commodity, ISPs have a strong incentive to offer content to their subscribers by deploying their own content distribution infrastructure. Providing content services in a provider network presents new opportunities for coordination between server selection (to match servers with subscribers) and traffic engineering (to select efficient routes for the traffic). In this work, we utilize a mathematical framework to show that separating server selection and traffic engineering leads to a sub-optimal equilibrium, even when the CP is given accurate and timely information about network conditions. Leveraging ideas from cooperative game theory, we propose that the system implements a Nash bargaining solution that significantly improves the fairness and efficiency of the joint system. This study is another step toward a systematic understanding of the interactions between those who generate and distribute content and those who provide and operate networks.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Exchange Parameters Among 9-Year-Old Inner-City Children

Summary. Objectives and Hypothesis: To determine the feasibility of using a multiple flow offline fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) collection method in an inner-city cohort and determine this population’s alveolar and conducting airway contributions of NO. We hypothesized that the flow independent NO parameters would be associated differentially with wheeze and seroatopy. Methods: As part of a birth cohort study, 9-year-old children (n ¼ 102) of African-American and Dominican mothers living in low-income NYC neighborhoods had FeNO samples collected offline at constant flow rates of 50, 83, and 100 ml/sec. Seroatopy was defined as having measurable (� 0.35 IU/ml) specific IgE to any of the five inhalant indoor allergens tested. Current wheeze (last 12 months) was assessed by ISAAC questionnaire. Bronchial NO flux (JNO) and alveolar NO concentration (Calv) were estimated by the Pietropaoli and Hogman methods. Results: Valid exhalation flow rates were achieved in 96% of the children. Children with seroatopy (53%) had significantly higher median JNO (522 pl/sec vs. 161 pl/sec, P < 0.001) when compared to nonseroatopic children; however, median Calv was not significantly different between these two groups (5.5 vs. 5.8, P ¼ 0.644). Children with wheeze in the past year (21.6%) had significantly higher median Calv (8.4 ppb vs. 4.9 ppb, P < 0.001), but not JNO (295 pl/sec vs. 165 pl/sec, P ¼ 0.241) when compared with children without wheeze. These associations remained stable after adjustment for known confounders/covariates. Conclusions: The multiple flow method was easily implemented in this pediatric inner-city cohort. In this study population, alveolar concentration of NO may be a better indicator of current wheeze than single flow FeNO. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Historical Memory and the End of Communism

In critiquing a recent book by Charity Scribner, Requiem for Communism, this article addresses fundamental questions about collective memories of Communism and the Soviet bloc: Why and how is “the past” remembered selectively? What happens when forgotten events are brought back to the fore of collective consciousness? What are the actual mechanisms of remembering? Who are the often invisible gatekeepers that direct the paths of our memories? Who are the influential rulers of memory attempting to shape our mnemonic repertoire? Scribner's book indirectly touches on these issues, though not in a fully satisfactory way, especially with regard to working-class life under Communism. Although the book does have some strong points, it too often fails to take account of how people in the region (as opposed to leftist intellectuals in the West who “knew” Communism vicariously) experienced manual labor during the Communist era and how they remember it now.
USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and the risk of severe sepsis: Is USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with more severe infections?

USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing as a cause of severe community-associated bacteremic infections. We assessed severe sepsis in response to infection in patients with USA300 MRSA compared to non-USA300 MRSA bacteremia. A cohort study was conducted from 1997 to 2008 comparing sepsis in response to infection in 271 patients with MRSA bacteremia from 4 VA hospitals. Sixty-seven (25%) patients with MRSA bacteremia were USA300 MRSA; 204 (75%) were non-USA300 MRSA. The proportion of MRSA bacteremia caused by USA300 MRSA increased over time (χ² P < 0.0001). Adjusting for age and nosocomial infection, patients with USA300 MRSA bacteremia were more likely to have severe sepsis or septic shock in response to infection than patients with non-USA300 MRSA bacteremia (adjusted relative risk = 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.87; P = 0.01). This suggests that patients with USA300 MRSA are more likely to develop severe sepsis in response to their infection, which could be due to host or bacterial differences.
Examining the Relationships Among Peer Resentment Messages Overheard, State Guilt, and Employees’ Perceived Ability to Use Work/Family Policies

This study sought to determine if frequency of peer resentment messages overheard in organizational settings was associated with employees’ perceived ability to use work/family policies. Job burnout and state guilt were also included as potential predictors. In this sample of workers (N = 474), resentment messages, internalized guilt, and burnout were significantly and negatively associated with the likelihood of using work/family policies, accounting for 22% of the variance. An interaction effect was also discovered for burnout and resentment on perceived ability to use work/family policies. This study highlights the importance of understanding the messages embedded within an organization's culture and those messages’ impacts on individual decisions to make use of leave policies.
Roles of interpersonal and media socialization agents in adolescent self-reported health literacy: a health socialization perspective

This study proposes a health socialization model and applies it to examine direct, relative and mediating roles of interpersonal and media health socialization agents in predicting adolescent self-reported health literacy. We conducted a paper-and-pencil survey among 452 seventh graders in rural and urban school districts. Our regression analysis results show that both interpersonal and media socialization agents are significantly and positively related to adolescent health literacy. Media socialization agents seem to play a strong role in health literacy orientation, not much weaker than those of interpersonal socialization agents. The proposed health socialization model could contribute to the literature on how adolescents acquire health-related information and channels through which they are most receptive.
Health care utilization among clients with Alzheimer's disease : Public policy implications from the California Alzheimer's disease diagnostic and treatment center program

This study examines health and social service utilization among Alzheimer's disease clients of the California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADDTC) Program. This longitudinal study includes a nonrandom sample of program participants from 1988 to 1992 with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (N = 737). Sample characteristics, service utilization rates, and recommendations for service use by ADDTC staff are described. Comparisons of service utilization at baseline assessment and first-annual assessment are made for 10 health and social services—physician services, senior center services, congregate or home-delivered meals, home health care, homemaker-chore services, adult day care, case management, transportation services, residential care, and nursing home care. The influence of ADDTC staff recommendations on subsequent service utilization is assessed and policy implications regarding the efficacy of these recommendations are discussed.
Non-Volatile Nano-Electro-Mechanical Memory for Energy-Efficient Data Searching

A compact non-volatile nano-electro-mechanical memory (NV-NEMory) cell design together with a novel memory array architecture and operating scheme is proposed for real-time data searching applications. Performance characteristics of a vertically oriented NV-NEMory cell with a small layout area of $8F^{2}$ , where $F$ is the minimum half-pitch, are investigated by static and transient device simulations. Data searching can be achieved directly in the memory by a two-step read operation, dramatically improving the latency and energy cost of each search query.
Examining Intimate Partner Violence Types in a Diverse Sample of Court-Referred Parenting Dyads

Typology systems hold promise to improve IPV treatment outcomes. Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart's (1994) typology was investigated using cluster analysis to categorize IPV behaviors among 112 partner-violent dyads. IPV types were compared on individual [convictions, physical assault, injury] and dyadic behaviors [symmetry, directionality, and co-occurrence of types]. As hypothesized, three-cluster solutions (Family-Only [FO], Borderline/Dysphoric [B/D], and Generally-Violent/Antisocial [GV/A]) were best-fitting across genders, with no ethnic differences. As hypothesized, FO, B/D, and GV/A subtypes had the lowest, intermediate, and highest rates of self-reported IPV and convictions, respectively. Typology group detected gender differences in predicted directions, mutual violence was the most common IPV type, and partners were most likely to have matching subtypes. Results support assessment at the individual dyadic level.
Combining Map-Based Inference and Crowd-Sensing for Detecting Traffic Regulators

Intelligent transportation systems serve as important technologies to improve traffic safety, mobility, cost and environmental sustainability. Towards that end, a variety of applications and driver advisory tools have been developed. To work efficiently, many require knowledge of not only street maps but also elements affecting traffic flow. The most obvious elements are traffic lights and stop signs, which we shall henceforth call traffic regulators. Unfortunately, information on traffic regulators is not widely available in public databases such as Open Street Map (OSM). Prior work described crowd-sourcing solutions to predict regulator type and locations. In this paper, we improve the prediction by offering a combination of map-based modeling and crowd-sensing solutions. The modeling component reverse engineers rules for placement of traffic regulators, allowing it to predict their locations and type based on map information. Where available, crowd-sourced vehicular GPS traces are incorporated into the prediction function to improve the results. The approach is evaluated across multiple cities and is shown to outperform both crowd-sourcing alone and map-based modeling alone. It achieves a prediction accuracy level above 97% in detecting the existence and determining the type of traffic regulators in the cities considered.
Establishing Wildflower Pollinator Habitats in Agricultural Farmland to Provide Multiple Ecosystem Services

Beneficial insects provide critical ecosystem services and in agriculture their contribution in pollination and pest control is widely evident (Losey and Vaughan, 2006; Kremen and Chaplin-Kramer, 2007). Globally, 35% of food production benefits from pollinator services (Klein et al., 2007). In many systems, pollination has been provided by the domesticated honey bee (primarily Apis mellifera), but the reliability of pollination services by wild pollinators is becoming increasingly valued (Garibaldi et al., 2013, 2014). These wild pollinators, the majority of which are bee species, persist independently in the ecosystem by relying on multiple resources to complete their lifecycles (Bohart, 1972). Similarly, natural enemies, such as insect predators and parasitoids, provide vital pest control and also persist independently in the farmscape. Although these beneficial insects are not directly managed for their ecosystem services, the farm landscape surrounding targeted crop fields can be modified to increase their abundance and diversity resulting in increased ecosystem services to support a sustainable agricultural system (Landis et al., 2000; Hannon and Sisk, 2009; Holzschuh et al., 2012). Managing farmscapes for these wild beneficial insects is especially critical as insects are threatened by human-mediated landscape disturbances (Tscharntke et al., 2005). With wild bee populations in decline (Potts et al., 2010), there is increasing interest in managing for wild bees by incorporating pollinator habitat into farmland. The concept of setting aside land specifically for wildlife within a farmscape is not new (Baudry et al., 2000), however, the addition of wildflower plantings or saving natural wildflower areas is a specific strategy that can be adopted for its multi-functionality in supporting both pollinators and natural enemies. It is especially valuable in that it can be modified and designed to fit specific cropping systems, landscapes, and support the lifecycles of a community of unmanaged beneficial insects. Here we consider how these variables have been examined in recent pollinator habitat studies, and discuss additional considerations to optimize wildflower plantings to benefit multiple ecosystem services.
Taxonomy of the Geomydoecus umbrini Complex (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from Thomomys umbrinus (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Mexico

Eight specific and subspecific taxa of the Geomydoecus umbrini complex are described: G. umbrini Price and Emerson from 2 host subspecies in Sinaloa (type-host: T. u. parviceps ); G. musculi n. sp. from 2 host subspecies in Sinaloa (type-host: T. u. musculus ); G. cliftoni n. sp. and G. jaliscoensis n. sp. each from unidentified subspecies of T. umbrinus from Jalisco; G. extimi n. sp. and G. nayaritensis n. sp. each from T. u. extimus from Nayarit; G. welleri welleri n. sp. from 11 host subspecies from 9 Mexican states (type-host: T. u. chihuahuae ); and G. w. multilineatus n. subsp. from 6 host subspecies from 5 Mexican states (type-host: T. u. zacatecae ). Distinctions among taxa are shown using qualitative and quantitative characters and principal components analysis of quantitative characters. Discriminant functions for 2 or 3 characters are provided in instances where they are shown to offer enhanced differentiation over single characters. Keys are provided for the identification of these 8 taxa.
A Model Core Residency Training Program in Cytopathology

From 1980 to 1983, the Division of Cytology at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, instituted a three-month core rotation for pathology residents consisting of eight sections that included the following: gynecologic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, body cavity fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, renal and urologic, eye, and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Each section had a specific duration, designated instructor, outlined objectives, and scheduled activities. Prior to advancing to the next diagnostic area, residents were evaluated by the instructor using a standardized critique form. Additional resident responsibilities during the rotation included participating in technical assistance, participating in weekly cytopathology conferences, performing photomicroscopy, and collecting and correlating fine-needle aspirations of surgical pathology and autopsy material. On completion of the rotation, the resident was evaluated by oral examination. A compilation of all sectional evaluations and recommendations documented the resident's overall progress in cytopathology. Since the institution of this training approach, increased resident achievement in cytopathology on a regional and national level has been documented
CAREER MATURITY, ORGANIZATIONAL RANK, AND POLITICAL BEHAVIORAL TENDENCIES: A CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS AND CAREER EXPERIENCE '

Summary.-An investigation was made of the relations among career maturity, organizational rank, and the tendency of people to engage in organizational politics. Tendencies toward political behavior were measured by the 50-item Political Orientation Questionnaire developed by DuBrin. Subjects were 243 employed adults from a wide variety of private and public firms, engaged in managerial, professional and technical, sales, clerical and support, semiskilled, and unskilled occupations. Modest support was found for the hypotheses that younger and lower-ranking workers have stronger political behavior tendencies. Organizational politics has long been a topic of attention in general audience books, magazine articles, and even the theatre. In recent years organizational politics has been studied in theoretical syntheses, empirical research, practitioner-oriented articles, specialty books, organizational behavior texts, and management texts (Cavanagh, Moberg, & Velasquez, 1981; Yoffie & Bergenstein, 1985; Macher, 1986; Domhoff & Dye, 1987; Robbins, 1988; Aldag & Stearns, 1987). The contemporary view of organizational politics is that it involves the use of power to achieve some set of ends (Cobb, 1984). Power is the ability to mobilize resources, energy, and information on behalf of a preferred strategy (Cavanagh, Moberg, & Velasquez, 1981). Two representative definitions of organizational politics are as follows:
Protease activity in the human erythrocyte: localization to the cell membrane.

Proteolytic activity in the mature human erythrocyte was localized to the cell membrane. This activity, which could not be ascribed to contaminating leukocytes in the suspension, was totally absent from the soluble portion of the cell and was more active against hemoglobin subunits than against tetrameric hemoglobin molecules. Pulse-chase experiments confirmed that the membrane proteolytic activity was more active in degrading beta chains that alpha chains. The activity could be extracted from erythrocyte cell membranes, but not from membrane- free hemolysate, by exposure to 0.75-M KSCN. The activity of the protease was dependent on time and temperature and did not require ATP or an energy-generating system for activity.
Inter- and Intra-Subunit Butanol/Isoflurane Sites of Action in the Human Glycine Receptor

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) mediate inhibitory neurotransmission and are targets for alcohols and anesthetics in brain. GlyR transmembrane (TM) domains contain critical residues for alcohol/anesthetic action: amino acid A288 in TM3 forms crosslinks with TM1 (I229) in the adjacent subunit as well as TM2 (S267) and TM4 (Y406, W407, I409, Y410) in the same subunit. We hypothesized that these residues may participate in intra-subunit and inter-subunit sites of alcohol/anesthetic action. The following double and triple mutants of GLRA1 cDNA (encoding human glycine receptor alpha 1 subunit) were injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes: I229C/A288C, I229C/A288C/C290S, A288C/Y406C, A288C/W407C, A288C/I409C, and A288C/Y410C along with the corresponding single mutants and wild-type GLRA1. Butanol (22 mM) or isoflurane (0.6 mM) potentiation of GlyR-mediated currents before and after application of the cysteine crosslinking agent HgCl2 (10 µM) was measured using two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. Crosslinking nearly abolished butanol and isoflurane potentiation in the I229C/A288C and I229C/A288C/C290S mutants but had no effect in single mutants or wild-type. Crosslinking also inhibited butanol and isoflurane potentiation in the TM3-4 mutants (A288C/Y406C, A288C/W407C, A288C/I409C, A288C/Y410C) with no effect in single mutants or wild-type. We extracted proteins from oocytes expressing I229C/288C, A288C/Y410C, or wild-type GlyRs, used mass spectrometry to verify their expression and possible inter-subunit dimerization, plus immunoblotting to investigate the biochemical features of proposed crosslinks. Wild-type GlyR subunits measured about 50 kDa; after crosslinking, the dimeric/monomeric 100:50 kDa band ratio was significantly increased in I229C/288C but not A288C/Y410C mutants or wild-type, providing support for TM1-3 inter-subunit and TM3-4 intra-subunit crosslinking. A GlyR homology model based on the GluCl template provides further evidence for a multi-site model for alcohol/anesthetic interaction with human GLRA1.
Rotator cuff and subacromial pathology.

Both MRI and ultrasound (US) demonstrate equivalent accuracy in the evaluation of the rotator cuff. Both modalities have their advantages, disadvantages, and pitfalls. Radiography is an important complementary modality in that it can demonstrate occult sources of shoulder pain. MRI is recommended for the evaluation of shoulder pain in patients 40 years, US should be the first-line modality because the incidence of rotator cuff pathology increases with age. US is useful to guide procedures such as subacromial injection and calcific tendinosis lavage. Radiologists should be knowledgeable of both MRI and US of the shoulder to tailor these examinations to the specific needs of their patients.
How to Make a Bird Skull: Major Transitions in the Evolution of the Avian Cranium, Paedomorphosis, and the Beak as a Surrogate Hand

The avian skull is distinctive in its construction and in its function. Much of bird anatomical variety is expressed in the beak; but the beak itself, largely formed of the premaxillary bone, is set upon a shortened face and a bulbous, enlarged braincase. Here, we use original anatomical observations and reconstructions to describe the overall form of the avian skull in a larger context and to provide a general account of the evolutionary transformation from the early dinosaur skull-the skull of an archosaurian macropredator-to that of modern birds. Facial shortening, the enlargement of the braincase around an enlarged brain (with consequential reduction of circumorbital elements and the adductor chamber), and general thinning and looser articulation of bones are trends. Many of these owe to juvenilization or paedomorphosis, something that is abundantly evident from comparison of a juvenile early theropod (Coelophysis) to early avialans like Archaeopteryx Near the avian crown, the premaxilla becomes dramatically enlarged and integrated into the characteristic mobile kinetic system of birds. We posit that this addition of a large element onto the skull may be biomechanically feasible only because of the paedomorphic shortening of the face; and kinesis of the beak only because of the paedomorphic thinning of the bones and loosening of articulations, as played out in reverse during the maturation of Coelophysis Finally, the beak itself becomes elaborated as the hands are integrated into the wing. There are structural, kinematic, and neurological similarities between avian pecking and primate grasping. The ability to precision-select high-quality food against a complex but depauperate background may have permitted crown birds to survive the end-Cretaceous cataclysm by feeding on insects, seeds, and other detritus after the collapse of higher trophic levels in the food web.
Intellectual Property and Corrective Justice

THESE remarks are stimulated by Professor Wendy Gordon's ambitious and extremely interesting article On Owning Information: Intellectual Property and the Restitutionary Impulse.' Professor Gordon identifies some current trends in the law of what she variously refers to as "intangible" or "intellectual" property.2 In doing so, she emphasizes the expansion of legal protection afforded certain property claims in intellectual resources3 and considers possible motivations for the change in legal attitude, notably the increasing economic importance of intangibles.4 Professor Gordon rightly notes that more protective common law causes of action may be economically counterproductive.5 In her view, legal protection of intangibles has increased in two important ways. The first concerns the domain of protected interests; the second concerns the nature of the protection given the relevant interests.6 Professor Gordon identifies two principles underlying the expansion of both the domain and the nature of intellectual property law. These are: (1) the principle of reap/sow,7 and (2) the principle of unjust enrichment.8 The reap/sow principle itself contains two components. On the one hand, the principle posits that those who have not sown have no right to reap; on the other hand, it claims that those who have sown have a right, therefore, to reap.9 These claims are vastly different. One could advance the view that those who have contributed to the value
Application of Ion Exchange Resin for Recovery of Amino Acid Form Amino Acid Fermentation Broth

強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂アンモニウム型へのアミノ酸の選択係数を質量作用則を適用し対応するアミノ酸の物理化学的特性との相関関係を検討し, Gregor式と各アミノ酸の疎水性パラメーターの和である (12) 式の経験式を提示した。この選択係数を用い, 樹脂塔を細分化し各段において樹脂相と液相との間にイオン交換平衡が成立すると仮定した槽列モデルを構築し, 各成分の物質収支・イオン解離平衡・電気的中性条件・選択係数を書き下した連立非線形方程式をGauss-Jordan法を用いて計算した。塩基性アミノ酸であるリジンをリジン発酵液から分離回収する樹脂工程の最適化について検討した。先ず発酵液組成の内主な成分であるリジン・アンモニアの各pHに対応した吸着破過曲線およびアンモニア水でのリジン溶離曲線を槽列モデルでシミュレーションを行い実用範囲内で実験値を再現することを確認した。次に得られた各pHでの吸着破過曲線を3次スプライン関数で近似し動的計画法を適用して吸着工程での樹脂塔の最適連結塔数と最大リジン吸着量の関係を求めコスト最小になる吸着操作条件を決定できる事を示した。この手法は, 広くイオン交換樹脂を用いた樹脂操作条件決定に適用出来ると考えている。
Ethnic Hairstyling Practices and Hair Prostheses II: Wigs, Weaves, and Other Extensions

Hairstyles vary significantly across ethnic populations and are often thought of as an expression of personal style and a celebration of cultural heritage. This chapter provides an overview of the wide variety of hairstyles and hair prostheses most commonly used in the black community as well as the potential harmful effects associated with them. It also includes a brief discussion of camouflage techniques for patients with hair loss.