cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Onset of Nucleolar and Extranucleolar Transcription and Expression of Fibrillarin in Macaque Embryos Developing In Vitro

Specific aims were to characterize the onset of nucleolar and extranucleolar transcription and expression of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin during preimplantation development in vitro in macaque embryos using autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques. Autoradiography was performed on whole embryos cultured with [ 3 H]uridine for assessment of nucleolar (rRNA) and extranucleolar (mRNA) transcription. Expression of fibrillarin was immunocytochemically assessed in whole embryos using a primary antibody against fibrillarin and a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibody. Extranucleolar incorporation of [ 3 H]uridine was first detected in 2-cell embryos cultured 6-10 h with [ 3 H]uridine. Culture with α-amanitin prevented incorporation of label in 2-cell embryos, and treatment with ribonuclease reduced the signal to background levels, indicating that [ 3 H]uridine was incorporated into mRNA and not rRNA or DNA. Nucleolar incorporation of [ 3 H]uridine was not evident in pronucleate-stage or 2- to 5-cell embryos, but it was detected in one 6-cell embryo and in all 8-cell to blastocyststage embryos. Fibrillarin was first expressed in some 6- to 7-cell embryos, but it was consistently expressed in all 8-cell embryos. Fibrillarin was localized to the perimeter of the nucleolar precursor bodies, forming a ring that completely encapsulated these structures. Fibrillarin was not expressed in 8- to 16-cell embryos cultured with α-amanitin, indicating that it is transcribed, rather than recruited, at the 8-cell stage. In conclusion, in in vitro-fertilized macaque embryos developing in vitro, extranucleolar synthesis of mRNA is initiated at the 2-cell stage while the onset of nucleolar transcription occurs at the 6- to 8-cell stage, coincident with expression of fibrillarin.
Abrogation of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation Is Involved in Zinc Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production and Liver Injury

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release from Kupffer cells is critically involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. We recently reported that inhibition of alcohol-induced plasma endotoxin elevation contributes to the protective action of zinc against alcoholic hepatotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to determine whether zinc interferes with the endotoxin-TNF-α signaling pathway, and possible mechanism(s) by which zinc modulates the endotoxin-TNF-α signaling. Administration of LPS to metallothionein (MT)-knockout (MT-KO) mice and 129/Sv wild-type (WT) controls at 4 mg/kg induced hepatic TNF-α elevation at 1.5 hours, followed by liver injury at 3 hours. Zinc pretreatment (two doses at 5 mg/kg) attenuated TNF-α production and liver injury in both MT-KO and WT mice, indicating a MT-independent action of zinc. Immunohistochemical detection of the phosphorylation of I-κB and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the liver of MT-KO mice demonstrated that zinc pretreatment abrogated LPS-induced NF-κB activation in the Kupffer cells. Fluorescent microscopy of superoxide by dihydroethidine and of zinc ions by Zinquin in the liver of MT-KO mice showed that zinc pretreatment increased the intracellular labile zinc ions and inhibited LPS-induced superoxide generation. These results demonstrate that zinc inhibits LPS-induced hepatic TNF-α production through abrogation of oxidative stress-sensitive NF-κB pathway, and the action of zinc is independent of MT. Thus, zinc may be beneficial in the treatment of LPS-induced liver injuries, such as sepsis and alcoholism.
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Topics in Time-Stamped Documents

We consider the problem of inferring and modeling topics in a sequence of documents with known publication dates. The documents at a given time are each characterized by a topic and the topics are drawn from a mixture model. The proposed model infers the change in the topic mixture weights as a function of time. The details of this general framework may take different forms, depending on the specifics of the model. For the examples considered here, we examine base measures based on independent multinomial-Dirichlet measures for representation of topic-dependent word counts. The form of the hierarchical model allows efficient variational Bayesian inference, of interest for large-scale problems. We demonstrate results and make comparisons to the model when the dynamic character is removed, and also compare to latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and Topics over Time (TOT). We consider a database of Neural Information Processing Systems papers as well as the US Presidential State of the Union addresses from 1790 to 2008.
The Role of Prolaetin in the Luteotrophic Process of Lactating Rats1

Treatment of pseudopregnant rats with ergocryptine mesylate (ECR) depressed serum pro-laetin levels but had no apparent effect on LH secretion. Ovarian progesterone secretion was significantly reduced 24 hr after ECR treatment on day 6 or 9 of pseudopregnancy and the secretion rate of 20α-OH-P remained constant. When lactating rats nursing 6 pups were treated with ECR on day 6 or 9 postpartum, progesterone secretion was significantly decreased by 48 hr after treatment and 20α-OH-P secretion was not altered. Furthermore, ECR inhibited litter weight gains of these lactating dams. After treatment of normal pregnant and pregnant lactating rats with ECR on day 6 of pregnancy, gestation was terminated in all animals. If ECR was given on day 9 to normal pregnant rats, t o pregnant lactating animals whose pups were removed on day 9 postpartum, or to pregnant lactating rats treated with LH, gestation was not terminated. However, treatment with ECR of day 9 pregnant lactating rats whose pups continued to suckle ter...
Purification and initial characterization of RNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus strain HB8.

Utilizing a novel and rapid two-column purification procedure, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) from the thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with a recovery of 65% (as determined by RNAP activity) in less than 2 days. The purified enzyme was characterized using DNA containing the λPR promoter. KMnO4 footprinting, abortive initiation assays, and the formation of the specific stalled elongation complex provide compelling evidence that T. thermophilus RNA polymerase can bind to DNA containing the λPR promoter, form an open complex, and initiate transcription in a temperature-dependent manner. This evidence suggests that T. thermophilus RNAP possesses less intrinsic binding energy than E. coli RNAP. Instead, T. thermophilus relies on the high temperatures of its environment to provide the thermal energy required to stimulate open promoter complex formation, initiate transcription, and facilitate the conformational changes in RNA polymerase that result in n...
Eimeria tenella Infection Induces Local Gamma Interferon Production and Intestinal Lymphocyte Subpopulation Changes

The role of intestinal lymphocytes and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in protective immunity to Eimeria tenella infection was evaluated in two inbred strains of chickens (SC and TK) that display different patterns of susceptibility to coccidiosis. Oral inoculation of either strain with E. tenella led to parasite invasion of the intestinal cecum and cecal tonsils. Greater fecal oocyst shedding was seen in TK chickens. Flow cytometric analyses of cecal tonsil lymphocytes demonstrated greater numbers of CD4+ and T-cell receptor γδ-positive (TCR1+) cells in SC chickens and elevated numbers of CD8+ and TCR2+ cells in TK chickens following primary infection. IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly increased in cecal tonsil and intraepithelial lymphocytes at days 6 and 8, respectively, after primary infection in SC compared to TK chickens. While no differences were noted between cecal tonsil lymphocytes of the two strains following secondary infection, TK chickens showed elevated IFN-γ transcript levels in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes at this time. Selective depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, cecal tonsil lymphocytes in SC chickens resulted in a reduced IFN-γ mRNA expression, indicating that CD4+ cells are the primary source of this cytokine. Collectively, these results indicate that local lymphocyte responses and production of IFN-γ are influenced by host genetic factors.
Current-voltage characteristics of a high-current pulsed discharge in air

The time-dependent arc voltage and resistance of a high-current pulsed discharge in air are obtained accurately by solving the circuit equation using the measured values of the current and breakdown voltage. Unipolar critically damped or overdamped pulsed discharges, with rise times of about 0.7 mu and peak currents in excess of 20 kA, are investigated. These discharges are characterized by four phases: initial phase, quasistationary phase, transient phase, and relaxation phase. The quasistationary phase occurs between the time of the current maximum and twice this time. The transient phase, which occurs after the quasistationary phase, corresponds to a negative slope of the V-I characteristic. The variable parameters were electrode separation, and gas pressure. The minimum arc resistance, at peak current, was about 50 m Omega . >
Social Accounts and the Structure of the North American Economy

This paper presents the methodology for and results of the construction of a 26-sector social accounting matrix (SAM) for North America. We begin with the construction of three macro-economic SAMs and their integration into a North American macro-economic SAM. We then turn to the construction of a sectorally detailed SAM for the continent. Finally, we consider the structure of North American receipts and payments and the regional decomposition of multipliers.
Molar microwear in Praeanthropus afarensis: evidence for dietary stasis through time and under diverse paleoecological conditions.

Abstract Molar microwear fabrics in extant mammals vary with diet and, more particularly, the physical properties of the items that are consumed. Praeanthropus afarensis is well represented in the fossil record over a prolonged and radiometrically controlled temporal span, and reasonably robust paleoecological reconstructions are available for the various localities from which it is known. We therefore examined molar microwear in this species to determine whether diet varied in relation to time or in response to different ecological conditions. Of more than 70 specimens of Pr. afarensis that contain one or more worn permanent molars, only 19 were found to be suitable for microwear analysis. These derive from eight temporal horizons in the Laetolil Beds and Hadar Formation spanning approximately 400 kyr (3.6–3.2 Ma). Six paleoecological categories have been reconstructed for these horizons, and these were ranked on the basis of floral cover. None of the microwear variables observed for Pr. afarensis is significantly associated with either temporal or paleoecological rank. Thus, microwear and, by extension, diet does not appear to have altered significantly in Pr. afarensis through time or in response to different paleoecological circumstances. The wear pattern that appears to have characterized Pr. afarensis overlaps extensively that of Gorilla gorilla beringei and differs notably from the fabrics of extant primates (e.g., Cebus apella and Cercocebus albigena ) that consume hard objects. The high proportion of scratches on Pr. afarensis molars suggests the inclusion of fine abrasives in or on the food items consumed by those individuals sampled in this study. Although Pr. afarensis may have been morphologically equipped to process hard, brittle items, the microwear data suggest that it did not necessarily do so, even in the face of varying environmental circumstances. Explanatory scenarios that describe Pr. afarensis as part of an evolutionary trajectory involving a more heavily masticated diet with an increased reliance on hard, brittle items need to be reconsidered. However, fallback foods that were consumed during relatively short, albeit critical periods may have exerted sufficient selective pressure to explain the evolution of the comparatively robust Pr. afarensis trophic apparatus. Because it is unlikely that many individuals from such restricted temporal intervals would be sampled in the paleontological record, we suggest that the most productive approach to the elucidation of paleodiet is the integration of genetic (morphological) and epigenetic (microwear and isotopic) lines of evidence.
Blood Pressure and Stroke Risk Among Diabetic Patients

Context: Blood pressure (BP) control can reduce the risk of stroke among diabetic patients; however, it is not known whether the lowest risk of stroke is among diabetic patients with the lowest BP level. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the race-specific association of different levels of BP with stroke risk among diabetic patients in the Louisiana State University Hospital-based longitudinal study. Design, Setting, and Participants: We prospectively investigated the race-specific association of different levels of BP at baseline and during an average of 6.7 years of follow-up with incident stroke risk among 17 536 African American and 12 618 white diabetic patients within the Louisiana State University Hospital System. Main Outcome Measure: We evaluated incident stroke until May 31, 2012. Results: During follow-up, 2949 incident cases of stroke were identified. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of stroke associated with different levels of systolic/diastolic BP at baseline (<110/65, 110...
Expression of p120, Ki‐67 and PCNA as proliferation biomarkers in imprint smears of prostate carcinoma and their prognostic value

The cell proliferation markers p120, Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) recognize nuclear antigens. The expression of these proteins by immunostaining methods was reported to be of value in determining the prognosis of patients with malignant diseases. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of the expression of nuclear antigens p120, PCNA and Ki-67 in prostate cancer and compared the results with other prognostic factors. Imprint smear samples obtained from 70 patients immediately after radical prostatectomy for prostatic carcinoma were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against p120, Ki-67 and PCNA. The immunostaining results were correlated with Gleason score, tumour differentiation, stage and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels. Our findings demonstrate that p120, Ki-67 and PCNA expression in prostatic carcinoma smears, correlated significantly with the degree of Gleason score (P 4 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). The distribution of p120, Ki-67 and PCNA expression in prostate carcinomas was not statistically significant for Ki-67 (P = 0.69) and p120 (P = 0.22) but was significant for PCNA (P < 0.001) as far as the histological stage (T2a, T2b, T2c, T3a). P120, Ki-67 and PCNA expression had significant prognostic value for disease-free survival. Our results conclude that nuclear antigens p120, Ki-67 and PCNA appear to be additional markers in the field of prognosis of prostatic carcinoma.
Low-Frequency Climate Response of Quasigeostrophic Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation

AbstractLinear response to external perturbation through the fluctuation–dissipation theorem has recently become a popular topic in the climate research community. It relates an external perturbation of climate dynamics to climate change in a simple linear fashion, which provides key insight into physics of the climate change phenomenon. Recently, the authors developed a suite of linear response algorithms for low-frequency response of large-scale climate dynamics to external perturbation, including the novel blended response algorithm, which combines the geometrically exact general response formula using integration of a linear tangent model at short response times and the classical quasi-Gaussian response algorithm at longer response times, overcoming numerical instability of the tangent linear model for longer times due to positive Lyapunov exponents. Here, the authors apply the linear response framework to several leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of a quasigeostrophic model of wind-driven...
Curious marks on an Iraqi man with respiratory complaints.

ABSTRACTA 26-year-old suspected Iraqi insurgent is brought to a Troop Medical Clinic in Baghdad, Iraq, with curious marks on his body. On questioning, he describes productive cough, subjective fever, drenching night sweats, and unintentional weight loss. This case shows a condition with which Western physicians are generally unfamiliar but one which quite possibly could be encountered by the deploying provider.
The roles of ethnicity, sex, and parental pain modeling in rating of experienced and imagined pain events

To investigate the association of ethnicity, sex, and parental pain modeling on the evaluation of experienced and imagined painful events, 173 healthy volunteers (96 women) completed the Prior Pain Experience Questionnaire, a 79-question assessment of the intensity of painful events, and a questionnaire regarding exposure to parental pain models. Consistent with existing literature, greater ratings of experienced pain were noted among Black versus White participants. Parental pain modeling was associated with higher imagined pain ratings, but only when the parent matched the participant’s sex. This effect was greater among White and Asian participants than Black or Hispanic participants, implying ethno-cultural effects may moderate the influence of pain modeling on the evaluation of imagined pain events. The clinical implications of these findings, as well as the predictive ability of imagined pain ratings for determining future experiences of pain, should be investigated in future studies.
Characterization by Mercury Porosimetry of Nonwoven Fiber Media with Deformation

United States. Army Research Office (Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Contract No. DAAD-19-02-D-0002)
Current Concepts in Hip Preservation Surgery: Part I.

Context:An evolution in conceptual understanding, coupled with technical innovations, has enabled hip preservation surgeons to address complex pathomorphologies about the hip joint to reduce pain, ...
Thermodynamic Predictions of Thermal Expansivity and Elastic Compliances at High Temperatures and Pressures Applied to Perovskite Crystals

The possibility of near zero thermal expansion coefficients at very high pressures is explored for application to the Earth’s core materials and mantle dynamics. The pressures in the Earth are large enough to effectively reduce thermal expansion coefficients to values which will decouple heat from mechanical work. It is shown that at pressures below the bulk modulus the thermal expansion coefficient will approach zero in all simple linear-elastic crystalline models. Advanced models of crystalline elastic solids based on interatomic potentials and density functional theory are shown to violate Gibb’s potential for a solid, crystalline material described by three elastic matrix compliance entries; it is established that the temperature dependence of S 11 and S 12 are thermodynamically identical; it is also established that the pressure dependence of S 11 and S 12 are thermodynamically identical. The basis for thermal energy in materials is the phonon energy in solids. However, it is noted that heat capacity measurements which are obtained from constant pressure heat capacity conditions converted to constant volume values on isobars are not in the correct state when compared to theoretical models; at atmospheric pressure there may be very little difference between these states but at very high pressures the effect may be major. Very large pressures always reduce thermal expansion coefficients; the importance of very small thermal expansion coefficients is discussed in relation to physical processes deep in the core and mantle of the Earth.
Relationship in Organization: a Clarification

The article presents comments regarding the essay “Relationship in Organization,” by V. A. Graicunas, originally featured in the March 1933 issue of “Bulletin of the International Management Instit...
Comparison of Virus Culture and Direct Immunofluorescent Staining of Cytocentrifuged Virus Transport Medium for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Skin Lesions

Direct immunofluorescent staining of centrifuged viral transport medium (CVTM) was compared with conventional cell culture for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in 87 dermal lesions from 84 patients. A total of 21 (24%) were positive for VZV; 8 (38%) of these were positive by culture and CVTM, 13 (62%) by CVTM alone, and none by culture only. Virus cultures were positive for VZV in an average of 9.1 days (range, 4-20 days). CVTM, using cytocentrifugation, is more sensitive and rapid than conventional cell culture for the detection of VZV in cutaneous specimens.
QUANTITATIVE VARIATION AND CHROMOSOMAL ARRANGEMENTS IN A POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS FROM THE REDWOODS.

Chromosomal arrangements (inversions) with stable frequencies (either "rigid" or "flexible") in natural populations of Drosophila are expected to hold particular alleles of linked loci in relatively unrecombining blocks which are most likely to be adaptive to their possessors (Dobzhansky, 1961, 1962). It follows that, for such populations under local conditions, the suppression of recombination constrains a portion of the potential genetic variability and maximizes whatever benefit of heterozygosity plus epistatic interaction may exist between relevant portions of the genome. For populations in which arrangements are stabilized we would expect the karyotypes to control particular fitness properties by which they should differ in some degree (unless their stability is derived from a frequency dependency with no selective differences at the point of equilibrium). Thereby versatility to meet seasonal or geographic changes throughout the population's distribution may well be gained, either if the karyotypes have different niche optima or if heterokaryotypes confer heterotic or homeostatic integrative properties on their carriers. (See also recent discussions by Crumpacker and Salceda, 1968; Marinkovic et al., 1969). In ascertainment of those fitness properties it has been found useful in the past to use the technique of randomizing the genetic background through strain crossing and comparing the karyotypes for those constant features distinguishable from the "noise" of background variation. The previous work of the senior author in searching for fitness properties of chromosomal polymorphs in Drosophila persimilis has concentrated on testing strain cross F1 individuals for fecundity, viability, rate of development, cold temperature resistance of early stages, and mating propensity (Spiess and Schuellein, 1956; Spiess, 1958; Spiess and Langer, 1961, 1964; Mohn and Spiess, 1963). The present report extends these studies in certain ways:
Emergence explained: Abstractions: Getting epiphenomena to do real work: Essays and Commentaries

This paper was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the “Understanding Complex Systems” conference held at the University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign, May 2005
Distribution transformer typical daily load curve analysis based on the classification with trend of main changing

Typical daily load curves (TDLCs) of distribution transformer (DT), which can reflect the peak and valley changes of the user load, are the important base of demand side management on orderly power consumption and peak cut. After the useres' daily load curves of distribution transformer are preprocessed with integrity testing and normalization, the main load peak time (MLPT) and main load valley time (MLVT) of the daily load curves (DLCs) are gathered by removing the phenomenon of shaking and fluctuation. On the statistics of the MLPT and MLVT, the trend of main changing is analyzed using Ostu method. DLCs are classified according to the similarity in peak-valley time, and then, the TDLCs are calculated based on the classifications. The experimental results show that our classification method of DLCs based on peak-valley feature avoids the selection of classification number, and enhences the uniformity of the peak-valley changing in the same kind load cuvers. And the obtained TDLCs not only include the routine TDLCs, but also include the special typical daily cuvers like traditional holidays. And there exist relations between the analyzed TDLCs and the influence factors like temperature, which can help the understanding of load characteristic.
What Academic Library Leadership Lacks: Leadership Skills Directors Are Least Likely to Develop, and Which Positions Offer Development Opportunity

Abstract Though research into academic library director leadership has established a list of leadership skills required for success, little research has been done to establish which skills are more difficult to acquire than others, and which library positions best help aspiring library directors to acquire those skills. This research surveyed academic library directors at American Master's granting institutions about leadership skill development in their previous academic library positions. In particular, the leadership skills academic library directors indicated they had least opportunity to develop included fundraising and donor relations, school safety issues, legal issues, compliance issues, and facilities planning. For these leadership skills, data indicate that development opportunities are perceived to be limited to the academic library positions of director, assistant director, and positions where one is the head of multiple academic library departments.
The finite amplitude depth sounder (FADS)

Resolution of echo sounders and sub-bottom profilers is limited by the beamwidth of the system. Beamwidths of 2\deg or so are desired, but at the low operating frequencies required by attenuation of the signals the apertures become very large. A method based on the inherent nonlinearity of the acoustic medium at high intensities (the finite amplitude effect) has been developed which permits an order of magnitude reduction in aperture dimensions. An experimental finite amplitude system with a 2\deg beamwidth at an operating frequency of 12 KHz is described, and at-sea test results presented.
Tensor Factorization for Precision Medicine in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that may benefit from improved subtyping in order to better characterize its pathophysiology and to develop novel targeted therapies. The United States Precision Medicine Initiative comes amid the rapid growth in quantity and modality of clinical data for HFpEF patients ranging from deep phenotypic to trans-omic data. Tensor factorization, a form of machine learning, allows for the integration of multiple data modalities to derive clinically relevant HFpEF subtypes that may have significant differences in underlying pathophysiology and differential response to therapies. Tensor factorization also allows for better interpretability by supporting dimensionality reduction and identifying latent groups of data for meaningful summarization of both features and disease outcomes. In this narrative review, we analyze the modest literature on the application of tensor factorization to related biomedical fields including genotyping and phenotyping. Based on the cited work including work of our own, we suggest multiple tensor factorization formulations capable of integrating the deep phenotypic and trans-omic modalities of data for HFpEF, or accounting for interactions between genetic variants at different omic hierarchies. We encourage extensive experimental studies to tackle challenges in applying tensor factorization for precision medicine in HFpEF, including effectively incorporating existing medical knowledge, properly accounting for uncertainty, and efficiently enforcing sparsity for better interpretability.
Presence of Even a Small Ground-Glass Component in Lung Adenocarcinoma Predicts Better Survival

Abstract Background While lepidic-predominant lung adenocarcinomas are known to have better outcomes than similarly sized solid tumors, the impact of smaller noninvasive foci within predominantly solid tumors is less clearly characterized. We tested the hypothesis that lung adenocarcinomas with even a small ground-glass opacity (GGO) component have a better prognosis than otherwise similar pure solid (PS) adenocarcinomas. Patients and Methods The maximum total and solid-component diameters were determined by preoperative computed tomography in patients who underwent lobar or sublobar resection of clinical N0 adenocarcinomas without induction therapy between May 2003 and August 2013. Survival between patients with PS tumors (0% GGO) or tumors with a minor ground-glass (MGG) component (1%-25% GGO) was compared by Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Results A total of 123 patients met the inclusion criteria, comprising 54 PS (44%) and 69 MGG (56%) whose mean ground-glass component was 18 ± 7%. The solid component tumor diameter was not significantly different between the groups (2.3 ± 1.2 cm vs. 2.5 ± 1.3 cm, P = .2). Upstaging to pN1-2 was more common for the PS group (13% [7/54] vs. 3% [2/69], P = .04), but the distribution of pathologic stage was not significantly different between the groups (PS 76% stage I [41/54] vs. MGG 80% stage I [55/69], P = .1). Having a MGG component was associated with markedly better survival in both univariate analysis (MGG 5-year overall survival 86.7% vs. PS 64.5%, P = .001) and multivariable survival analysis (hazard ratio, 0.30, P = .01). Conclusion Patients with resected cN0 lung adenocarcinoma who have even a small GGO component have markedly better survival than patients with PS tumors, which may have implications for both treatment and surveillance strategies.
Macrophage-specific deletion of PPARγ impairs lung function and immune responses in an mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (INM8P.363)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a pivotal role in response to infection by first releasing pro-inflammatory molecules and phagocytosing pathogens and then resolving inflammation and clearing apoptotic neutrophils. This is accomplished largely based on their ability to switch from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. PPARγ is a transcription factor important for promoting resolution. To study the role of AM PPARγ in regulating respiratory function and immune responses in the context of bacterial infection, we utilized macrophage-specific PPARγ knockout mice (Mac PPARγ KO). Wild-type (C57Bl/6) or Mac PPARγ KO mice were given intratracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40,000 CFU) or PBS control. After 24 hours, plethysmography was performed, followed by euthanasia. Compared to other groups, infected Mac PPARγ KO mice had impaired respiratory function, with a 5-fold increase in PenH (p P. aeruginosa infection .
The Seventh Biennial Berry Health Benefits Symposium

Research advancing current scientific understanding of the health benefits of berries continues to increase. The Berry Health Benefits Symposium (BHBS) is a biennial meeting highlighting the most recent berry health benefits research from all over the world. Pismo Beach, California was the venue for the seventh biennial BHBS in 2017, and featured oral invited papers on heart health and healthy aging, gut/microbiome health, brain aging, inflammation, cancer prevention, berry special topics, technology and chemistry. These thematic health areas, while not exhaustive, characterize the state of berry health benefits science. The advancing field now encompasses human efficacy trials along with the most recent animal model and cell culture work elucidating mechanisms of action. Similar to past meetings, the research findings at the 2017 BHBS primarily focused on blackberries, blueberries, red raspberries, black raspberries, cranberries, and strawberries. However, research on other berry fruits, such as chokeberry (aronia berry), cloudberry, and bilberry were also covered. The BHBS continues to be a leading forum for interactions between scientists and berry industry stakeholders. The cluster of papers in this issue represents a snapshot of presentations at the 2017 BHBS, which support the positive biological effects of berries on human health and disease risk reduction.
Schwinger-Dyson equations in Coulomb gauge consistent with numerical simulation

In the present work, we undertake a study of the Schwinger-Dyson equation (SDE) in the Euclidean formulation of local quantum gauge field theory, with Coulomb gauge condition ${\ensuremath{\partial}}_{i}{A}_{i}=0$. We continue a previous study which kept only instantaneous terms in the SDE that are proportional to $\ensuremath{\delta}(t)$ in order to calculate the instantaneous part of the time component of the gluon propagator ${D}_{{A}_{0}{A}_{0}}(t,R)$. We compare the results of that study with a numerical simulation of lattice gauge theory and find that the infrared critical exponents and related quantities agree to within 1% to 3%. This raises the question, ``Why is the agreement so good, despite the systematic neglect of noninstantaneous terms?'' We discovered the happy circumstance that all the noninstantaneous terms are in fact zero. They are forbidden by the symmetry of the local action in Coulomb gauge under time-dependent gauge transformations $g(t)$. This remnant gauge symmetry is not fixed by the Coulomb gauge condition. The numerical result of the present calculation is the same as in the previous study; the novelty is that we now demonstrate that all the non-instantaneous terms in the SDE vanish. We derive some elementary properties of propagators which are a consequence of the remnant gauge symmetry. Our results support the simple physical scenario in which confinement is the result of a linearly rising color-Coulomb potential, $V(R)\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\sigma}R$ at large $R$. We also show that the horizon condition $⟨H(gA)⟩=({N}^{2}\ensuremath{-}1)dV$, and the divergence of the ghost dressing function at $\mathbf{k}=0$, $\underset{|\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0|}{\mathrm{lim}}{\mathbf{k}}^{2}{D}_{c\overline{c}}(\mathbf{k})=\ensuremath{\infty}$, are identical gauge conditions.
The InChI Code

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has developed a computer algorithmic scheme for unambiguously coding molecular structure into relatively short alphabetic tags. These are now ubiquitous in many descriptions of molecular structure, yet the ease with which they are recognized and used is suppressed by their opaqueness even to the chemically knowledgeable reader. We present a short description of the structure, utility, advantages, and disadvantages of the code to ease familiarization.
Assembly of human C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) into tetramers

C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) and CtBP2 are transcriptional coregulators that repress numerous cellular processes, such as apoptosis, by binding transcription factors and recruiting chromatin-remodeling enzymes to gene promoters. The NAD(H)-linked oligomerization of human CtBP is coupled to its co-transcriptional activity, which is implicated in cancer progression. However, the biologically relevant level of CtBP assembly has not been firmly established; nor has the stereochemical arrangement of the subunits above that of a dimer. Here, multi-angle light scattering (MALS) data established the NAD+- and NADH-dependent assembly of CtBP1 and CtBP2 into tetramers. An examination of subunit interactions within CtBP1 and CtBP2 crystal lattices revealed that both share a very similar tetrameric arrangement resulting from assembly of two dimeric pairs, with specific interactions probably being sensitive to NAD(H) binding. Creating a series of mutants of both CtBP1 and CtBP2, we tested the hypothesis that the crystallographically observed interdimer pairing stabilizes the solution tetramer. MALS data confirmed that these mutants disrupt both CtBP1 and CtBP2 tetramers, with the dimer generally remaining intact, providing the first stereochemical models for tetrameric assemblies of CtBP1 and CtBP2. The crystal structure of a subtle destabilizing mutant suggested that small structural perturbations of the hinge region linking the substrate- and NAD-binding domains are sufficient to weaken the CtBP1 tetramer. These results strongly suggest that the tetramer is important in CtBP function, and the series of CtBP mutants reported here can be used to investigate the physiological role of the tetramer.
Cancer Statistics: Global and National

Cancer is the second leading cause of death throughout the world, second only to cardiovascular disease. Globally, in 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases and 8.7 million deaths. From 2005 to 2015, the number of cancer cases rose by 33%. The Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration attributed this increase to population aging 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates 4%. In the United States, the American Cancer Society predicts 1,688,780 new cases of cancer with 600,920 Americans expected to die of cancer in 2017. The identification of modifiable risk factors is of prime importance in the effort to decrease both cancer-related mortality and disability. The prime risk factors identified are exposure to tobacco, high body mass index, lack of physical activity, low fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol use, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and chronic viral infection. This literature review looks at the increasing prevalence of cancer throughout the world and some of the modifiable risk factors for cancer prevention.
Historical Process and Narrative in Annapolis, Maryland and the Chesapeake

The title of this chapter articulates two ideas about geography that are both accurate and necessary for understanding the focus of this book. One reading is a pair: A city, Annapolis, Maryland and a region, the Chesapeake. Understanding the negotiated relationship between these two geographic entities is a main point of this book. In the following chapters I explore how to situate Annapolis in the Chesapeake and how the Chesapeake situated Annapolis within itself. Changes in this relationship between 1700 and 1900 tell a great story, and one that I believe provides new insight to understanding the social production of the landscape in Annapolis. A second reading is a list of three places: Annapolis—Maryland—the Chesapeake. This balance between the three, as independent, symbolic places in their own right, is also essential for knowing about Annapolis because Annapolis used these symbolic geographies in ways that shifted over time. Exploring the strategic use of these geographies provides key contextual clues for understanding how changes in the Annapolis landscape are tied to the social experience of history there.
Functional and structural approaches to the study of excitation-contraction coupling.

Publisher Summary Two calcium channels, the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor, which is a component of the surface membrane/T tubules, and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) of the SR, have been identified, purified, sequenced, and functionally characterized. This chapter describes approaches that have contributed to the understanding of the roles of DHPRs and RyRs in excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling. A major experimental strategy that has been employed is to analyze e-c coupling in developing muscle cells from mice. The rationale for this approach is that during development the components of e-c coupling are being actively assembled. A longitudinal analysis of e-c coupling during this developmental period can thus be likened to a comparative analysis of different muscle types from different species. This period of active development makes it feasible to use molecular genetic techniques to manipulate the expression of key proteins. These molecular strategies are discussed in this chapter. In addition, methods are presented for the basic physiological measurements of e-c coupling in developing muscle.
Injection Pressure and Orifice Diameter Effects on Soot in DI Diesel Fuel Jets

The effects of injection pressure and orifice diameter on soot in diesel fuel jets were investigated under quiescent, direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions. These investigations were carried out in a constant-volume combustion vessel with complete optical access. The injector used was an electronically-controlled, common-rail injector. Injection pressures between 40 MPa and 190 MPa and orifice diameters between 501.1m and 180 µm were considered. Soot was measured with a line-of-sight laser extinction technique and visualized with planar laser-induced incandescence. Flame lift-off lengths used in the analysis of the soot measurements were determined with time-averaged OH chemiluminescence imaging. The results show that the peak soot in a fuel jet decreases with increasing injection pressure and decreasing orifice diameter. The decrease in soot with increasing injection pressure was linear with increasing injection velocity (i.e., the square-root of the pressure drop across the injector orifice). The decrease in soot with decreasing orifice diameter was such that for the smallest orifice diameter considered (50 μm), no soot was detectable for the ambient gas and injector conditions considered. These direct measurements of soot within a fuel jet, coupled with estimates of the amount of air entrained relative to the amount of fuel injected, confirm that air entrainment and fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length have an important role in determining the soot levels within a diesel fuel jet.
Accountability among College Professors

(1982). Accountability among College Professors. Health Education: Vol. 13, Health Education in the Community, pp. 42-42.
Security and Privacy of Data in a Cloud

The goals of this brief note are to describe some of the research progress that has been made to date and elaborate on the fundamental challenges facing the research community in security and privacy of data stored in a cloud.
Medicare Advantage Enrollment and Beneficiary Risk Scores: Difference-in-Differences Analyses Show Increases for All Enrollees On Account of Market-Wide Changes.

Medicare adjusts payments to Medicare Advantage (MA) insurers using risk scores that summarize the relationship between fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare spending and beneficiaries’ demographic charac...
Passage Availability When Answering Passage-Based Questions for Long and Short Reading Selections

This article attempts to determine the effect of certain test administration and development factors on students' reading comprehension. These factors include allowing or not allowing students to l...
Sub-articulatory interactions in palatalization processes

Palatalization is a widespread phenomenon across the world’s languages and is typically conceived articulatorily as a tongue body raising and/or fronting gesture that is spread from high and/or front vowels to neighboring consonants. Oddly, palatalization of labial consonants (which allow the greatest degree of gestural overlap with neighboring high and/or front vowels) is typologically least common, suggesting that palatalization processes do not primarily result from gestural overlap, but instead arise from the resolution of incompatible lingual “sub-articulations.” In particular, articulatory data from Polish and Russian palatalized consonants point to a critical role for tongue root interactions with tongue blade and dorsum gestures. The products of these resolved sub-articulatory interactions can become lexicalized and reconfigured by later generations of language-learners in response to the interaction of phonological pressure to maintain contrasts and new palatalization processes. The etymological history of the Proto-Slavic stems *menk- and *ment- illustrates these interactions. The velar consonant in *menk- was palatalized by a following high, front vowel to a “soft” posterior affricate. Subsequently, the coronal consonant in *ment- was palatalized as well (Modern Polish mącic). To maintain the contrast between the sound categories, the palatalized velar was reconfigured as a post-alveolar “hard” consonant (meczyc).
Multi-tenant mobile offloading systems for real-time computer vision applications

Offloading techniques enable many emerging computer vision applications on mobile platforms by executing compute-intensive tasks on resource-rich servers. Although there have been a significant amount of research efforts devoted in optimizing mobile offloading frameworks, most previous works are evaluated in a single-tenant setting, that is, a server is assigned to a single client. However, in a practical scenario that servers must handle tasks from many clients running diverse applications, contention on shared server resources may degrade application performance. In this work, we study scheduling techniques to improve serving performance in multi-tenant mobile offloading systems, for computer vision algorithms running on CPUs and deep neural networks (DNNs) running on GPUs. For CPU workloads, we present methods to mitigate resource contention and to improve delay using a Plan-Schedule approach. The planning phase predicts future workloads from all clients, estimates contention, and adjusts future task start times to remove or reduce contention. The scheduling phase dispatches arriving offloaded tasks to the server that minimizes contention. For DNN workloads running on GPUs, we propose adaptive batching algorithms using information of batch size, model complexity and system load to achieve the best Quality of Service (QoS), which are measured from accuracy and delay of DNN tasks. We demonstrate the improvement of serving performance using several real-world applications with different server deployments.
Surface- and voxel-based brain morphologic study in Rett and Rett-like syndrome with MECP2 mutation.

Abstract Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare congenital disorder which in most cases (95%) is caused by methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) mutations. RTT is characterized by regression in global development, epilepsy, autistic features, acquired microcephaly, habitual hand clapping, loss of purposeful hand skills, and autonomic dysfunctions. Although the literature has demonstrated decreased volumes of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the caudate nucleus in RTT patients, surface-based brain morphology including cortical thickness and cortical gyrification analyses are lacking in RTT. We present quantitative surface- and voxel-based morphological measurements in young children with RTT and Rett-like syndrome (RTT-l) with MECP2 mutations. The 8 structural T1-weighted MR images were obtained from 7 female patients with MECP2 mutations (3 classic RTT, 2 variant RTT, and 2 RTT-l) (mean age 5.2 [standard deviation 3.3] years old). Our analyses demonstrated decreased total volumes of the cerebellum in RTT/RTT-l compared to gender- and age-matched controls (t (22)=-2.93, p = .008, Cohen’s d = 1.27). In contrast, global cerebral cortical surface areas, global/regional cortical thicknesses, the degree of global gyrification, and global/regional gray and white matter volumes were not statistically significantly different between the two groups. Our findings, as well as literature findings, suggest that early brain abnormalities associated with RTT/RTT-l (with MECP2 mutations) can be detected as regionally decreased cerebellar volumes. Decreased cerebellar volume may be helpful for understanding the etiology of RTT/RTT-l.
Effective Medications for Treating Internalizing Disorders

Internalizing disorders, which encompass anxiety and depressive disorders, are a challenge to both diagnose and treat in the school-age population. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the efficacy and effectiveness of psychotropic medications used in the treatment of school-aged children exhibiting internalizing behavior disorders including anxiety and depression. Both the intended and side effects of medication treatments (SSRIs, SNRIs) commonly used to treat these internalizing disorders are reviewed. A set of references and web-based materials are provided to readers for additional information.