cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When a Threat to the Brand Is a Threat to the Self The Importance of Brand Identification and Implicit Self-Esteem in Predicting Defensiveness

This research examines how people respond when a commercial brand they identify with is threatened. Across four studies, the authors found that among participants who identified with a brand, a threat to the brand elicited the same responses as a threat to the self. Specifically, participants with low implicit self-esteem defended the brand when the self was activated, unlike their high implicit self-esteem counterparts. In addition, brand defense was reduced when individuals had the opportunity to affirm a valued aspect of their self-concept. These findings suggest that when a brand that people identify with is threatened, they may defend the brand to preserve the integrity of the self. More broadly, these findings are consistent with the notion that brands may be included into the extended self-concept, which supports William James’s original ideas concerning the breadth and heterogeneity of the self.
Comparison of sampling techniques in the measurement of children's morphological development.

Abstract Sixty children ranging in age from 66 to 78 months were administered the Berry—Talbott Exploratory Test of Grammar and the Grammatic Closure subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Development. The verbal responses obtained of each child from each sampling technique were compared on matched grammatical items. A correlation coefficient between the two test group means indicated only moderate correlation. An analysis of the matched grammatical items (40 comparisons) showed a higher correct response frequency for the Grammatic Closure items than for the Berry—Talbott items. However, children who did achieve correct responses to the Berry—Talbott itmes almost always achieved success with the Grammatic Closure test items. Success on the Grammatic Closure items did not assume success with the Berry—Talbott items. Various hypotheses are offered to explain differences in response patterns.
Individual and colony factors in bumble bee division of labor (Bombus bifarius nearcticus Handl; Hymenoptera, Apidae).

We quantified the relationships of colony-level factors (number of workers and colony age) with task performance by workers of the bumble bee Bombus bifarius. Worker's age of first foraging decreased as their colonies aged, which may have caused the observed decrease in worker longevity with colony age. Daily variation in colony nectar foraging rates was related to the number of active foragers, while pollen foraging rates corresponded more strongly with variation in numbers of adult workers. Rates of brood care behavior decreased as the colonies aged, but rates of thermoregulatory behavior (incubation and fanning) did not decrease over time. We conclude that rates of performing some tasks (pollen foraging, brood care) were largely determined by changes in colony demography or correlated variables, while rates of performance of other tasks (nectar foraging, thermoregulation) depended more on external environmental conditions. Most workers switched between two foraging tasks (pollen and nectar collection) and among several in-nest tasks. However, some foragers specialized by focusing their effort on either nectar or pollen. Other workers specialized on in-nest tasks by performing thermoregulatory behavior (incubation and fanning) at significantly higher rates than their nestmates. The task specialists contributed disproportionate amounts of labor to their colonies. Task specialization indicates that workers were not identical in their responses to variation in colony need.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GELLAN GELS BY UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION, STRESS RELAXATION AND CREEP

The rheological properties of 0.5–2.5% gellan gels were evaluated by uniaxial compression, stress relaxation and creep tests. The gel's strength was in the range of 0.1–1 kg.cm-2 and their deformability modulus 1–6 kg.cm-2. The asymptotic modulus determined in relaxation tests at two strains and the asymptotic creep compliance determined under two loads indicated that gellan gels have a yielding structure. The strains sustained in creep were considerably higher than the failure strain in uniaxial compression. Weight loss due to syneresis was on the order of 4–38% depending on the gum concentration, the deformation level in relaxation or the load in the creep tests.
New treatment options in the management of fibromyalgia: role of pregabalin

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common, chronic pain disorder with unknown etiology, characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness, and accompanied by several other symptoms such as sleep disturbance, fatigue, and mood disorders. Pregabalin is the fi rst drug approved for the treatment of FM. Pregabalin has analgesic, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic activity and has earlier demonstrated effi cacy in the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and as adjuvant therapy for adult patients with partial onset seizures. Pregabalin, a lipophilic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog, is α 2 δ-1 ligand that binds to, and modulates, voltage-gated calcium channels. This modulation is characterized by a reduction of the excessive neurotransmitter release that is observed in certain neurological and psychotic disorders. Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that pregabalin has been effective in pain management, improving sleep quality and fatigue, as well as in several domains of health related quality of life. Because of mild to moderate adverse effects it can be considered a well-tolerated therapy for FM.
Insulin Reverses Enhanced Incorporation of 32P into Polyphosphoinositides in Peripheral Nerve of the Streptozotocin Diabetic Rat

The ability of insulin treatment to reverse altered phosphoinositide metabolism in sciatic nerve from streptozotocin diabetic rats was studied. Diabetes was induced in rats by means of a single injection of streptozotocin. Enhanced incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was detectable as early as 8 days following intravenous injection of streptozotocin and was maximal after 4 weeks. Hormone treatment was initiated at this time by daily injections of protamine zinc insulin followed by the implantation of long-acting insulin osmotic minipumps, and 4 weeks later sciatic nerves were removed and incubated in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate. The increased labeling of PIP2 was completely reversed by hormone administration. In contrast, insulin (0.1 and 1.0 mU/ml) added to the incubation medium failed to reverse the altered pattern of 32P incorporation into PIP2. The uptake of 32P into PIP2 was greater than 80% higher into the proximal than into the distal portion of normal sciatic nerve when these were incubated separately. This metabolic difference was abolished in diabetic rats, although the incorporation into both segments was still significantly higher than in controls. These results strengthen the association of altered nerve PIP2 metabolism with the diabetic state and are consistent with the concept that experimental diabetic neuropathy is a distal axonopathy.
Blood oxygen level-dependent and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: detecting differences in oxygen bioavailability and blood flow in transplanted kidneys

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful tool for examining kidney function, including organ blood flow and oxygen bioavailability. We have used contrast enhanced perfusion and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI to assess kidney transplants with normal function, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute rejection. BOLD and MR-perfusion imaging were performed on 17 subjects with recently transplanted kidneys. There was a significant difference between medullary R2⁎ values in the group with acute rejection (R2⁎=16.2/s) compared to allografts with ATN (R2⁎=19.8/s; P=.047) and normal-functioning allografts (R2⁎=24.3/s;P=.0003). There was a significant difference between medullary perfusion measurements in the group with acute rejection (124.4±41.1 ml/100 g per minute) compared to those in patients with ATN (246.9±123.5 ml/100 g per minute; P=.02) and normal-functioning allografts (220.8±95.8 ml/100 g per minute; P=.02). This study highlights the utility of combining perfusion and BOLD MRI to assess renal function. We have demonstrated a decrease in medullary R2⁎ (decrease deoxyhemoglobin) on BOLD MRI and a decrease in medullary blood flow by MR perfusion imaging in those allografts with acute rejection, which indicates an increase in medullary oxygen bioavailability in allografts with rejection, despite a decrease in blood flow.
Addressing security issues in geographically distributed systems

Using our Alchemy research system as an exemplar system, we discuss different approaches to overcoming port-controlled security boundary limitations to geographically distributed computing environments while maintaining the inherent security provided by these boundaries. This discussion is relevant to a number of parallel/distributed strategies for grid and cluster architectures. It also provides insight into general security concerns in future distributed computing networks and how these may be overcome.
PTHrP and breast cancer: more than hypercalcemia and bone metastases

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) causes hypercalcemia in cancer patients. PTHrP is required for normal breast development and has been shown to promote bone metastases from breast cancers. However, whether the protein also contributes to the formation of primary tumors has been unclear. Two recent papers suggest it may. First, a report in Nature Genetics identified the PTHrP locus as a new breast cancer susceptibility gene. Second, a paper in Journal of Clinical Investigation demonstrated that PTHrP promotes tumor growth and metastases in MMTV-PyMT mice. These studies implicate PTHrP in the development and growth of primary breast tumors and underscore the need for further research.
Simulation Analysis of Effects of Adrenaline on Spike Generation in Olfactory Receptor Cells

Adrenaline is known to affect action potentials induced by the step current injection in an olfactory receptor cell (ORC). It is unclear, however, whether it also modulates action potentials induced by odor stimuli. In the present study, the effects of adrenaline on action potentials in ORCs were investigated quantitatively using a computer simulation. Adrenaline suppressed simulated action potentials induced by step current injection near threshold, and increased spike frequency to strong stimuli by 8-25%. Similar effects were obtained by applying a pseudo-transduction current to a model cell. Surprisingly, adrenaline markedly increased spike frequency to strong stimuli by 30-140%, and increased the slope of the stimulus-response relation compared with that of the step current injection. This suggests that adrenaline enhances odorant contrast in olfactory perception by modulating signal encoding of ORCs.
Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest

Globally, normal-fault displacement bends and warps rift flanks upwards, as adjoining basins drop downwards. Perhaps the most evident manifestations are the flanks of the East African Rift, which cuts across the otherwise minimally deformed continent. Flank uplift was explained by Vening Meinesz (1950, Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Bulletin des Seances, v. 21, p. 539–552), who recognized that isostasy should cause uplift of a normal-faulted footwall and subsidence of its hanging wall. Uplift occurs because slip on a dipping normal fault creates a broader root of less-dense material beneath the footwall, and a narrowed one beneath the hanging wall. In this paper, we investigate the potential influence of this process on the latest stages of Sierra Nevada uplift. Through theoretical calculations and 3D finite element modelling, we find that cumulative slip of about 4 km on range-front faults would have produced about 1.3 km peak isostatic uplift at the ridge crest. Numerical models suggest that the zone of...
Anti-A of donor lymphocyte origin in three recipients of organs from the same donor.

. The development of iso- and alloantibodies reactive with recipient red blood cells subsequent to organ transplantation is an established phenomenon. However, development of self-reactive antibodies in multiple recipients of organs from a single donor source has only been reported in one instance involving the formation of anti-D after transplantation. We observed the development of a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction 10 days after transplantation of a group 0 liver into a group A recipient. Serologic studies revealed a positive direct antiglobulin test due to coating of autologous A cells with anti-A. Close follow-up of the group A recipients of the kidneys transplanted from the same group 0 donor revealed development of hemolysis secondary to anti-A on day 11 in one recipient and hemolysis due to anti-A on day 13 in a second recipient. Significant anemia, a 2–3 g/dl drop in hemoglobin, occurred in both kidney recipients. These findings suggest that recipient of organs from donors whose transferred lymphocytes have produced antirecipient RBC antibodies in another recipient may be at risk for developing a similar self-limited hemolytic episode and should be followed accordingly.
Troponin T, NT-proBNP, and venous thromboembolism: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE):

Increased levels of plasma troponins and natriuretic peptides are markers of cardiac dysfunction associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Little information exists on cardiac dysfunction and occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In two prospective epidemiological cohorts, we tested the hypothesis that high-sensitivity troponin T (TnT) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated positively with VTE occurrence. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) measured plasma TnT and NT-proBNP in 13,719 men or women with no history of venous thrombosis, coronary heart disease, or heart failure and followed them for approximately 10 years for VTE occurrence (n = 348 VTEs). In both ARIC and CHS, TnT was associated positively with incidence of total VTE and provoked VTE, but not with unprovoked VTE: age, race, and sex-adjusted hazard ratios for total VTE in the pooled analysis were 1.00, 0.85, 1.36, 1.51, and 1.98 (p-trend <0.0001) across five categories of TnT. In contrast, the association of NT-proBNP with VTE was positive in ARIC (hazard ratios approximately 2.5-fold for the highest versus lowest NT-proBNP quintiles), but non-existent in CHS.
Endogenous hepadnaviruses in the genome of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and the evolution of avian hepadnaviruses.

Although viruses lack a true fossil record, key aspects of the pattern, process, and time scale of their evolution can be inferred from the analysis of the endogenous viral elements that are present in some eukaryotic genomes (10). The best-documented cases are the retroviruses that integrate into the genome of host somatic cells as an integral part of their replication cycle. Occasionally, these viruses invade and integrate into the genome of germlinecellsandarethenverticallyinheritedaselementsofhost DNAandwidelyknownasendogenousretroviruses.Endogenous retroviruses are commonplace in animals, comprising at least 8% of the human genome (11). It was recently observed that nonretroviral viruses from multiple families of both RNA and DNA viruses have also integrated into the genomes of some animal species (2, 10), indicating that a diverse array of viruses have the ability to form endogenous copies.
A systems approach to teaching computer systems

At M.I.T. we teach a class titled "computer system engineering", a required class that provides an introduction to computer systems. It provides a broad and in-depth introduction to the main principles and abstractions of engineering computer systems, be it an operating system, a client/server application, a database application, a secure Web site, or a fault-tolerant disk cluster. These principles and abstractions are timeless and are of value to any computer science or computer engineering student, whether specializing in computer systems or not.
Experimental results of a novel tilting pad bearing operating in a small high speed turbocharger

High speed turbochargers are known to operate with limit cycle vibration as a result of fluid-film instability. The goal of this research is to have a stable synchronous response with a minimum of non-synchronous contribution excited only by the engine dynamics and exhaust pressure pulsations. Previous papers have documented experimental results of the fixed geometry bearing designs. This paper documents a new tilting pad bearing concept that has replaced the fixed geometry bushings, with a minimum of modification to the stock bearing housing. The summary of the on-engine testing over the last two years is documented in this paper.
Tumors of the Skin

Skin tumors are the most common neoplasms in humans. Though rarely graded, they are often subtyped. The clinical behavior of some subtypes may vary from that of others, and these differences in outcome and prognosis form the basis for assigning them a pathological grade. I will discuss in this chapter the grading and subtyping of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanocytic neoplasms.
Digital store and forward imaging as a quality assessment tool for emergency plastic surgery consultations.

Introduction: Plastic surgery is a frequently consulted service in most emergency departments (EDs). The inclusion of a digital image with a plastic surgery consultation would allow the consultant to immediately assess the severity of the condition and either provide instruction to ED staff if minor or mobilize resources to facilitate operative management if more severe. Methods: During a 4-month period, all plastic surgery consultations that were seen in person by one of 4 senior plastic surgery residents were included. In addition, an examination of all consultations seen during that time period at the plastic surgery clinic was undertaken to determine the quality of preclinic management. Results: During the study period, 78 ED consultations were performed by the plastic surgery residents and included in the study. During the collection period, 374 patients were seen in the plastic surgery clinic. Of these, 154 patients were ED referrals. Evaluation by the senior author revealed that all consultations seen in the ED were appropriate and needed specialist management. Of the ED referrals sent to clinic, but not seen by a plastic surgery consultant in the ED several errors in patient management were noticed. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that ED consultations were appropriate for specialty evaluation in all cases, and that insufficient consultations were placed to provide optimal medical care. The role of telemedicine in creating more efficient and effective consultation processes is promising, but numerous legal barriers must be overcome before these modalities can be widely deployed.
The Anti-Cancer Peptide, PNC-27, Induces Tumor Cell Necrosis of a Poorly Differentiated Non-Solid Tissue Human Leukemia Cell Line that Depends on Expression of HDM-2 in the Plasma Membrane of these Cells

Goals We have developed the anti-cancer peptide, PNC-27, which is a membrane-active peptide that binds to the HDM-2 protein expressed in the cancer cell membranes of solid tissue tumor cells and induces transmembrane pore formation in cancer, but not in normal cells, resulting in tumor cell necrosis that is independent of p53 activity in these cells. We now extend our study to non-solid tissue tumor cells, in this case, a primitive, possible stem cell human leukemia cell line (K562) that is also p53-homozygously deleted. Our purpose was twofold: to investigate if these cells likewise express HDM-2 in their plasma membranes and to determine if our anti-cancer peptide induces tumor cell necrosis in these non-solid tissue tumor cells in a manner that depends on the interaction between the peptide and membrane-bound HDM-2. Procedures The anti-cancer activity and mechanism of PNC-27, which carries a p53 aa12-26-leader sequence connected on its carboxyl terminal end to a trans-membrane-penetrating sequence or membrane residency peptide (MRP), was studied against p53-null K562 leukemia cells. Murine leukocytes were used as a non-cancer cell control. Necrosis was determined by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis was determined by the detection of Caspases 3 and 7. Membrane colocalization of PNC-27 with HDM-2 was analyzed microscopically using fluorescently labeled antibodies against HDM-2 and PNC-27 peptides. Results We found that K562 cells strongly express HDM-2 protein in their membranes and that PNC-27 co-localizes with this protein in the membranes of these cells. PNC-27, but not the negative control peptide PNC-29, is selectively cytotoxic to K562 cells, inducing nearly 100 percent cell killing with LDH release. In contrast, this peptide had no effect on the lymphocyte control cells. Conclusions The results suggest that HDM-2 is expressed in the membranes of non-solid tissue tumor cells in addition to the membranes of solid tissue tumor cells. Since K-562 cells appear to be in the stem cell family, the results suggest that early developing tumor cells also express HDM-2 protein in their membranes. Since PNC-27 induces necrosis of K-562 leukemia cells and co-localizes with HDM-2 in the tumor cell membrane as an early event, we conclude that the association of PNC-27 with HDM-2 in the cancer cell membrane results in trans-membrane pore formation which results in cancer cell death, as previously discovered in a number of different solid tissue tumor cells. Since K562 cells lack p53 expression, these effects of PNC-27 on this leukemia cell line occur by a p53-independent pathway.
Design of a Reconfigurable SMA-Based Solar Array Deployment Mechanism

Shape memory alloys (SMAs), are a class of metals that possess the capability to recover substantial deformations resulting from applied mechanical loads through a solid-solid phase transformation. Typical deployment systems for solar arrays on microsats only allow for one-way deployment. However, by using an SMA actuator in place of a conventional deployment system, repeatable deployment and retraction can be achieved. Relative to conventional actuators, SMA-based solid state actuators offer a reduction in the weight, volume, and overall complexity of the system. In this study, a design of an SMA-based solar panel deployment mechanism for a typical microsat is presented. In this design, a conventional actuation system is replaced with a system of SMA torsional actuators, which allows for a deployed and stowed phase to be reached independent of environmental conditions. This design study illustrates that an SMA-based solar array deployment system can provide a viable replacement for a conventional deployment system while significantly reducing the deployment system weight, volume, and complexity.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Stabilization of the Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico

Levee rehabilitation and stabilization of 105 mi of 183 mi floodway of Rio Grande, NM; project, in interest of flood control, includes major drainage and water salvage work; flow and flood characteristics of river; construction of jetty fields of Kellner system.
Analysis of ATP6 sequence diversity in the Triticum-Aegilops species group reveals the crucial role of rearrangement in mitochondrial genome evolution

Mutation and chromosomal rearrangements are the two main forces of increasing genetic diversity for natural selection to act upon, and ultimately drive the evolutionary process. Although genome evolution is a function of both forces, simultaneously, the ratio of each can be varied among different genomes and genomic regions. It is believed that in plant mitochondrial genome, rearrangements play a more important role than point mutations, but relatively few studies have directly addressed this phenomenon. To address this issue, we isolated and sequenced the ATP6-1 and ATP6-2 genes from 46 different euplasmic and alloplasmic wheat lines. Four different ATP6-1 orthologs were detected, two of them reported for the first time. Expression analysis revealed that all four orthologs are transcriptionally active. Results also indicated that both point mutation and genomic rearrangement are involved in the evolution of ATP6. However, rearrangement is the predominant force that triggers drastic variation. Data also i...
Neutrophil elastase enhances antigen presentation by upregulating human leukocyte antigen class I expression on tumor cells

Neutrophil elastase (NE) is an innate immune cell-derived inflammatory mediator that we have shown increases the presentation of tumor-associated peptide antigens in breast cancer. In this study, we extend these observations to show that NE uptake has a broad effect on enhancing antigen presentation by breast cancer cells. We show that NE increases human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression on the surface of breast cancer cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. HLA class I upregulation requires internalization of enzymatically active NE. Western blots of NE-treated breast cancer cells confirm that the expression of total HLA class I as well as the antigen-processing machinery proteins TAP1, LMP2, and calnexin does not change following NE treatment. This suggests that NE does not increase the efficiency of antigen processing; rather, it mediates the upregulation of HLA class I by stabilizing and reducing membrane recycling of HLA class I molecules. Furthermore, the effects of NE extend beyond breast cancer since the uptake of NE by EBV-LCL increases the presentation of HLA class I-restricted viral peptides, as shown by their increased sensitivity to lysis by EBV-specific CD8+ T cells. Together, our results show that NE uptake increases the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to adaptive immunity by broad upregulation of membrane HLA class I and support the conclusion that the innate inflammatory mediator NE enhances tumor cell recognition and increases tumor sensitivity to the host adaptive immune response.
Integrated Pest Management in Vegetables and Ornamentals in the Western United States

Insect pest management is dynamic. Tactics used to manage insect pests may change depending upon the pest species, commodity, season, region, field, or the philosophy of the grower or pest control advisor. Control methods commonly lose effectiveness for one reason or another and new ones are constantly being introduced into agricultural systems. There are various reasons for introducing new methods for controlling pests, to name a few: (1) desire to reduce reliance on insecticides, (2) loss of effective controls (e.g., chemical, biological, cultural) due to selection, (3) desire to minimize hazards to crops, human health, and the environment, and (4) need to maintain flexible and effective control programs that do not rely upon a single management tactic (Johnson 2004). Single tactic (e.g., chemical, biological, cultural, behavioral) control programs always run the risk of eventual failure because of the high potential that insects possess to evolve mechanisms to overcome our control efforts (Johnson 2004) or our inability to predict outcomes in all real life situations. Examples of chemical control failures are quite common (Croft 1990), but failures also occur with other management tactics. The loss of effective biological control due to the application of broad spectrum chemicals is quite common (Johnson and Tabashnik 1999). Less common is the loss of a cultural control, but it does happen as illustrated by the evolution of the corn root-worm, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, to overcome annual corn/soybean rotations (Levine and Oloumi-Sadeghi 1991; Levine et al. 1992). Another example is the adaptation of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), to infest resistant wheat varieties (Kogan 1975). Even behavioral controls may fail given the right circumstances. Attempts to control infestations of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller, on cling peaches when using pheromone mating-disruption techniques may be ineffective if peach orchards are adjacent to large, untreated acreages of infested almonds (Pickel et al. 2002).
Uptake of 2-Deoxy, 2-(18F) Fluoro-D-Glucose in Bladder Cancer: Animal Localization and Initial Patient Positron Emission Tomography

AbstractAn orthotopically transplanted, locally metastasizing rat bladder tumor model was developed to evaluate the extent of uptake of fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) in bladder cancer. Significant uptake of FDG in localized bladder tumors in rats was shown, with an average tumor-to-blood ratio of 39 at 2 hours after intravenous FDG administration. Metastases (3 nodal and 1 peritoneal) also showed significant uptake of FDG, with an average metastasis-to-blood ratio of 21.7, and tumor involved-to-normal lymph node ratio of 5.3. Because FDG is excreted in the urine, urinary FDG potentially could prevent the use of FDG/positron emission tomography (FDG/PET) scanning for localized bladder cancer. Bladder lavage successfully reduced the retention of FDG in the normal rat bladder, with an estimated uptake ratio of tumor-to-normal bladder of 13.1 after 5ml. saline irrigation.Based on these data, we performed an FDG/PET scan of a patient with biopsy proved recurrent intravesical bladder cancer after radiation therapy...
[Characteristics of 57 acute flaccid paralysis cases with polio-virus isolated from stool specimens, in Yunnan province, from 2003 to 2007].

Objective Study on the epidemiological characteristiCS of poliomyelitis virus in Yunnan, from 2003 to 2007.Methods Surveillance data of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) cases from year 2003 to 2007 was gathered.All the stool specimens were identified to contain polio virus.Results 1171 AFP cases were reported.Out of the total number of 1138 stool specimens from 2003 to 2007,57 cases showed polio virus(5.0%),159 showed NPEV(14.0%),922 cases showed virus negative.In those virus,polio type II took the lead(31.6%).57 AFP cases appeared in 37(28.7%) counties in Yunnan.Most of the cases were under 2 years of age.29 cases had taken more than 3 OFV (oral poliovaccine) dosages and 41 cases had fever before paralysis occurred.Most of the cases appeared paralysis on single lower limb,but 26 cases leaving deformity.Significant difference was found between the two groups:having received vaccination more than 3 OPV dosages or less than 3 dosages.Conclusion High quality AFP epidemiological and labomtory surveillance program,together with OPV routine and supplemental immunization strategy to cover the poorly immunized area/population appeared to be most effective. Key words: Acute flaccid paralysis; Poliomyelitis virus; Characteristic
Inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor-induced blood coagulation: with particular emphasis upon a factor Xa-dependent inhibitory mechanism.

L'inhibiteur sur la voir extrinseque: mecanisme d'inhibition du facteur VIIa/facteur tissulaire, dosage, proprietes, taux plasmatiques a l'etat normal et dans certains etats pathologiques. Initiation et regulation de la voie du facteur tissulaire in vivo
Lipid-protein interactions in the multiple forms of monoamine oxidase. Enzymatic and ESR studies with purified intact rat brain mitochondria.

The temperature dependence of the initial velocity, ν 0 , using substrates benzylamine, tryptamine, tyramine, and serotonin for the multiple enzyme forms of monoamine oxidase in situ in purified intact rat brain mitochondria, was determined in the range between 4° and 45°. In rat brain tissue, the oxidative deamination of serotonin is catalyzed by monoamine oxidase-A-type enzyme exclusively. In contrast, the oxidation of benzylamine is catalyzed by monoamine oxidase-B-type enzyme. However, both enzyme types metabolize tryptamine and tyramine. Arrhenius plots reflecting the functional states of the multiple monoamine oxidase enzyme forms showed clear differences. A straight line was observed when using benzylamine as substrate. Changes in slope at 21-22° and 35-36° were observed when serotonin, tryptamine or tyramine was employed as substrate. The functional state of monoamine oxidase-B enzyme appeared to be homogeneous whereas that of monoamine oxidase-A enzyme appeared to be heterogeneous and strongly temperature dependent. Spin-labeled stearic acids I (12, 3) or I (1, 14) were incorporated as structural probes into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Temperature dependence of order parameter S , indicating fluidity in the vicinity close to the surface region of the membrane, revealed apparent breaks at 21-22° and 32.6-33.6° when I (12, 3) was used. Temperature dependence of the rotational correlation time τ, relating to fluidity in the center region of the membrane, indicated phase transition at 29-30° when I (1, 14) was used. The functional state of monoamine oxidase-B enzyme was apparently independent of the fluidity properties of the membrane lipids. Coincidence of transition temperature at 21-22° was observed only when spin-labeled stearic acid I (12, 3) was used in the ESR study and 14 C-labeled substrates serotonin, tyramine or tryptamine was used in the enzymic study. The nature of monoamine oxidase-A enzyme was sensitive to the physical state of the bulk membrane lipids through lipid-protein interactions. The lipid-protein interactions occurring in the region close to the surface of the membrane were effective in modulating the functional state of monoamine oxidase-A enzyme. The break temperature at 35-36° observed using tryptamine, tyramine, or serotonin as substrate for the monoamine oxidase-A enzyme—did not correspond to any of the characteristic phase transition temperatures of the bulk membrane-lipid domain. A temperature-induced conformational change in monoamine oxidase-A at 35-36° may be attributed to an additional lipid-protein interaction originating from the tightly bound lipid shell or an intrinsic alteration in the enzyme protein.
Seven Mosses New to New York State

Brothera leana, Bryum ruderale, Bryum subapiculatum, Bryum violaceum, Clasmatodon parvulus, Cryphaea glomerata and Orthotrichum diaphanum are reported from New York State.
Facing Changes Together: Teamwork and Family Resilience During Transition of Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Patients to Adult Care

This chapter focuses on issues of medical transfer and transition for pediatric solid organ transplant patients and their families. A unique perspective on family resilience is offered, framing the well-being, and indeed the survival, of a chronically ill pediatric family member on the combined abilities of parents and medical caregivers to prepare the patient to take over his or her own medical care. Authoritative styles of parenting are associated with better transition to self-management of medical care, including prescription and insurance management, when compared to more authoritarian styles which may leave a young patient too passive to manage care adequately. With organ transplant failure rates described as “catastrophic” during the transition from adolescent care to adult care, the need to steel and prepare adolescents to assume responsibility for their care, and encourage parents to allow this increased responsibility, is nothing short of a life or death decision. Additional evidence-supported methods for making this transition possible, including the use of a transition coordinator, are discussed.
Data Access and Research Transparency: A Joint Statement by Political Science Journal Editors

In this joint statement, leading journals commit to greater data access and research transparency, and to implementing policies requiring authors to make as accessible as possible the empirical foundation and logic of inquiry of evidence-based research. Please visit dartstatement.org for more information.
Quantifying Capture and Use of Tailwater Recovery Systems

AbstractThe government has provided financial assistance on approximately 200 tailwater recovery systems in the state of Mississippi, and more in other states. The objective of this study was to quantify surface water capture and use within 31 tailwater recovery ditches (TWR) and on-farm storage reservoirs (OFS), so that conservation benefits could be evaluated. Water-level data were combined with system dimensions, rainfall data, and evaporation estimates to assess total gains and losses over the course of a year. Systems had a net positive balance of approximately 2,200,000 m3 (2,200 ML) of captured surface water. Losses from evaporation and infiltration were between 8.68 and 10.97 mm d−1 for TWR and 4.96 to 8.40 mm d−1 for OFS. The highest losses occurred in the fall for TWR due to the installation cycle, whereas they were highest in the summer for OFS, driven by evaporation. Producers irrigated with an average of 41,000 m3 (41 ML) (TWR) and 84,000 m3 (84 ML) (OFS) of surface water. Irrigation levels...
Defects in Na-, K-, and Cd-Doped CuInSe$_2$ : Canonical Thermodynamics Based on Ab Initio Calculations

We extend a canonical-thermodynamic method for computing intrinsic point defect concentrations as a function of chemical stoichiometry and temperature to include extrinsic defect contributions, while applying this method to study defects in CuInSe $_2$ . This method relies on a large set of defect formation energies calculated from first principles, which require corrections for known errors arising from spurious interactions. Guided by recent experimental work exhibiting the complex interplay between Na, K, and Cd incorporation, we examine the behavior of dominant defects as the material composition varies under experimentally relevant conditions. In addition to identifying the regions of composition-parameter space relevant to the incorporation of impurities Na, K, and Cd, and stable against the formation of secondary compounds, we also study defect kinetics susceptible to the presence of these impurities. From this analysis, we propose a simple model for the enhanced diffusion of Cu-vacancies mediated by K, which could lead to the enhanced incorporation of Cd observed experimentally.
Mortality in children with low‐grade glioma or glioneuronal tumors: A single‐institution study

Background While pediatric low-grade glioma/glioneuronal tumors (LGG/LGGNTs) are considered slow-growing, indolent tumors with excellent long-term prognosis, mortality due to the disease is not unknown. Few studies have addressed the cause of death in this population. Methods Retrospective review of clinicopathologic and radiologic data for children 21 years or younger with LGG/LGGNT who died at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between April 1985 and June 2015. Our primary objective was to determine the causes and timing of mortality in affected children. Results For the 87 eligible patients, median age at diagnosis was 7.7 years (range, 0.21–21 years), median age at death was 14.26 years (range, 0.58–32 years), and median time to death from diagnosis was 4.02 years (range, 0.21–24 years). Midbrain/thalamus was the most common tumor location (n = 34), followed by suprasellar/hypothalamic (n = 18) and cerebrocortical (n = 13). Astrocytoma not otherwise specified (n = 24), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 23), and fibrillary astrocytoma (n = 11) were the predominant histologic diagnoses. Causes of death included progressive primary disease (PD) (n = 43), progression of PD with histological features of a high-grade glioma at progression or at autopsy (PD-HGG) (n = 15), second cancer (n = 3), suicide (n = 4), and vehicular accident (n = 3). Among the 15 patients with PD-HGG, 12 received radiation therapy before histologic confirmation of progression. Conclusions PD and PD-HGG contributed to 66% of the mortality in our patient cohort. Early psychological intervention should be included as part of the multidisciplinary management approach of children with LGG/LGGNT to reduce the risk of suicide in vulnerable subjects.
Association of Developmental Venous Anomalies with Demyelinating Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

We present 5 cases of demyelination in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis that are closely associated with a developmental venous anomaly. Although the presence of a central vein is a known phenomenon with multiple sclerosis plaques, demyelination occurring around developmental venous anomalies is an underreported phenomenon. Tumefactive demyelination can cause a diagnostic dilemma because of its overlapping imaging findings with central nervous system neoplasm. The relationship of a tumefactive plaque with a central vein can be diagnostically useful, and we suggest that if such a lesion is closely associated with a developmental venous anomaly, an inflammatory or demyelinating etiology should be a leading consideration.
Efficient Relativistic High-Order Harmonic Generation with Waveform-Engineered Driving Pulses

Multi-color synthesized waveforms generate relativistic high-order harmonics with far higher efficiencies than single-color driving pulses. Particle-in-cell simulations suggest an optimal waveform, providing an efficiency limit on the process.
The Arthurian Knight Remythified Ovidian: The Failures of Courtly Love in Three Late Medieval Glosses

This chapter, “The Arthurian Knight Remythified Ovidian: The Failures of Courtly Love in Three Late Medieval Glosses,” explores the conjoincture of classical myth and Arthurian romance—classical myth used in an allusion or image to gloss or interpret the transgressions of the knight of medieval romance and conveying implicitly the known moralizations from the commentary tradition—which suggests a means of critiquing the culture and its gender relations, particularly as embodied in the practice of courtly love, the legacy of which is the subject of this collection. Such crossover I will argue here by means of three examples of an Arthurian knight glossed in a late medieval romance (or commentary on a romance or epic), implicitly or explicitly, in terms of a classical mythological figure. The knight appears either in the text of a vernacular work involving classical mythology or in an accompanying illustration to a text. These three examples include Lancelot of Benwick (located in the Saumarois region of Anjou–Touraine), Perceval (raised outside civilization, in Wales), and Welsh (or Breton) knight Gawain. All three figure prominently in twelfth-century vernacular romances by Chretien de Troyes, namely, Lancelot ou Le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart) and the unfinished Perceval ou le Conte du Graal (Perceval, the Story of the Grail). All three knights appear as Other, or foreign to the Arthurian court: they come from abroad or from some kind of deliberately rustic or alien site or situation. And for whatever reason, while all three are exemplary as knights, whether in valor and might, spirituality, or loyalty and courtesy, they are tested in the romances in various ways, often sexual, in relation to their courtly relationships with women.
Discussion of: "Venous thromboembolism in common laparoscopic abdominal surgical operations".

Author(s): Alizadeh, Reza Fazl; Sujatha-Bhaskar, Sarath; Li, Shiri; Stamos, Michael J; Nguyen, Ninh T
Development and psychometric properties of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale (EASOS).

The purpose of this article was to develop and evaluate evidence for reliability and validity of a multifactor measure of evasive attitudes of sexual orientation across two studies. The Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale (EASOS) was inspired by Neville, Lilly, Duran, Lee, and Browne’s (20
Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation in Total Synthesis

ConspectusTo date, more than 5000 biogenic halogenated molecules have been characterized. This number continues to increase as chemists explore chloride- and bromide-rich marine environments in search of novel bioactive natural products. Naturally occurring organohalogens span nearly all biosynthetic structural classes, exhibit a range of unique biological activities, and have been the subject of numerous investigations. Despite the abundance of and interest in halogenated molecules, enantioselective methods capable of forging carbon–halogen bonds in synthetically relevant contexts remain scarce. Accordingly, syntheses of organohalogens often rely on multistep functional group interconversions to establish carbon–halogen stereocenters. Our group has developed an enantioselective dihalogenation reaction and utilized it in the only reported examples of catalytic enantioselective halogenation in natural product synthesis. In this Account, we describe our laboratory’s development of a method for catalytic, en...
Using wireless and mobile technologies in e-healthcare on a wide scale: the issues and challenges to overcome

With an increasingly mobile society and the worldwide deployment and utilisation of wireless and mobile infrastructure, wireless and mobile network technologies can support many current and emerging e-healthcare applications. However, before wireless and mobile technologies can be used on a wide scale, there are many issues and challenges to be addressed. These include how to effectively manage the complexity of wireless and mobile networks in e-healthcare applications and best utilise the capabilities of diverse wireless and mobile technologies. In this paper, we examine how wireless and mobile technologies can be used in e-healthcare on a wide scale. In addition, we identify a large number of open issues and challenges to overcome and offer concluding remarks.
Multihazard Scenarios for Analysis of Compound Extreme Events

California Energy Commission [500-15-005]; National Science Foundation Hazards-SEES Program [DMS 1331611]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise Program [NA16NOS4780206]
The Gender of Institutionalized Corruption in Russia

This article mixes feminist political science approaches to thinking about gender and institutions with the gender-blind study of Russia’s regime dynamics to consider the relationship between informal politics, gender, and women’s descriptive representation in Putin’s Russia. Elites ruling Russia are overwhelmingly male and bonded through Putin’s new masculinity, suggesting that gender operates as an informal practice and fosters informal networks. Gendered informal institutions — such as the beefcake-patronal presidency, male-dominated para-constitutional government, emasculated constitutional legislatures, a patriarchal party of power, and masculinized centralization — have been the scaffolding holding the Russian state together. This perspective helps explain why gender and sexuality — most notably in the guise of Pussy Riot — have been so prominent in the protests that began after the 2011 Duma elections and why the regime has been so coercive in its crackdown.
The Complications of Cardiac Surgery

The complications of cardiac surgery may involve any organ system. Involvement of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, or central nervous system is most common.
Calibration of the Libor Market Model: Three Prescriptions

Pricing of European or even exotic (but without early exercise feature) interest rate and swap options in LIBOR market model can be easily performed in so called "Monsieur Jourdain approach". The general concept of "Monsieur Jourdain approach" is such, that all interest rate options without early exercise feature follow the Black-Merton-Scholes model. To this end we construct a set of "building blocks" consisting of volatilities of forward Libor rates and correlation parameters. A prescription for how to price a large class of instruments using forward Libor volatilities and the yield curve will be presented. Instantaneous volatilities are not used for model calibration and so the procedure is quite straightforward. In the paper we present three simple calibrations of the LIBOR market model useful in pricing.