cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender and the Historicity of Parricide: A Case Study from the Nineteenth-Century North American West

‘Gender and the Historicity of Parricide: A Case Study from the Nineteenth-Century North American West’, by Peter Boag, places parricide in the context of larger social forces. In this case, the alchemy of agrarian depression, rural decline, problematic boyhood, idealized motherhood and imperilled fatherhood created the horrific events that tore apart a family and a North American farming community in the 1890s. Exploring a double parricide committed in a rural, western American community in 1895, Boag uses historical evidence and source critique to challenge the traditional psychological and sociological explanations of parricide.
Abstract 13690: Longitudinal and Segmental Right Ventricular Free-Wall Strain Before and After Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular (RV) function is problematic. We sought to evaluate RV systolic function in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) usi...
Ceramic microneedles and hollow microneedles for transdermal drug delivery: Two decades of research

Abstract There are exciting developments in the research domain regarding the use of ceramic microneedles (CMs) and hollow microneedles (HMNs) for transdermal drug delivery. Several microfabrication techniques (micromolding, microreplication, photopolymerization, etching, modified LIGA, etc) have been used to make these microneedle devices. Over the last two decades, progress has been achieved regarding the development of porous ceramic microneedles into which medications can be incorporated at room temperature-a clinically useful process especially for thermolabile compounds. The fabrication process for hollow microneedles has also been optimized though the use of such techniques such as sacrificial micromolding and the modified LIGA process. This review sheds light on the fabrication of ceramic and hollow microneedles as well as the use of these devices for the transcutaneous transport of a wide range of drugs-from small molecules to proteins. Keywords: ceramic, transdermal, hollow, microneedles, drug delivery, alumina.
Evaluation of laboratory performance of self-consolidating concrete with recycled tire rubber

Abstract This study investigated the performance of early-aged and hardened self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Rubber-modified SCC mixtures were prepared with 15% as-received crumb rubber and 15% and 25% NaOH-treated crumb rubber based on volume of fine aggregates. The SCC sampled without rubber aggregates were cast as the control groups. The slump test, V-flannel flow test, and U-box test were conducted to evaluate the fresh properties of different types of rubber modified SCC. The fresh properties showed slightly reduced flowability with replaced rubber particles. The measured compressive and splitting tensile strength of rubber-modified SCC concrete were reduced in comparison with the control mixture. However, the surface-treated rubberized concrete had higher mechanical strength than as-received rubberized concrete due to better bonding at the interface. The measured ultrasonic transmission speed decreased with the increasing rubber content in concrete and these results also indicated the reduced dynamic modulus. The transport property evaluated from the electrical resistivity measurement indicated the decreased permeability with added rubber content. The durability performances (including alkali-silica reaction and drying shrinkage) of SCC mortar samples were generally improved with rubber-modified samples. Overall study showed that the rubber-modified SCC can maintain good workability and mechanical properties and enhance durability with reduced environmental impacts.
A Conjecture of Erdős

(1998). A Conjecture of Erdős. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 105, No. 5, pp. 451-453.
Temporal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimental acute Chagasic cardiomyopathy

To characterize the kinetics of myocardial cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in acute Chagasic cardiomyopathy, we studied a rat model of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Rats were euthanized 36 hours and 5, 10, and 15 days after infection, and hearts were collected for histology, mRNA, and protein analyses. Histological analysis of myocardium showed a progressive increase in the number of amastigotes and mononuclear inflammatory cells. Organisms were first detected 5 days after intraperitoneal inoculation as isolated nests and became numerous by day 15. Northern blot analysis of total RNA revealed no signal for interleukin (IL)-1beta or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and a weak signal for IL-6 in control hearts. High levels of expression for the three genes were detected in the infected animals at 36 hours after infection. Although IL-1beta and IL-6 levels increased steadily up to 10 days, TNF-alpha levels were the highest at 5 days, remained high at 10 days, and declined thereafter. Western blot analysis showed similar results to that of mRNA expression. No signal was detected for iNOS in the controls, but both its mRNA and protein were found in the infected animals, with levels being highest at 15 days after infection. Immunohistochemistry revealed no iNOS immunoreactivity in uninfected animals, but intense iNOS staining was detected in blood vessels of infected animals, which decreased progressively with period of infection. Positive staining for iNOS in cardiomyocytes was first detected at 36 hours after infection (at a time when there was no histological inflammatory reaction), which steadily increased, being the highest at 15 days after infection. These results indicate that, in addition to mechanical damage by T. cruzi, substantial pro-inflammatory cytokine production within the myocardium is likely to participate in the pathophysiology of acute Chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Generation of guided waves during burst wave lithotripsy as a mechanism of stone fracture

Burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) is an experimental method to noninvasively fragment urinary stones by short pulses of focused ultrasound. We are investigating physical mechanisms of stone fracture during BWL to better optimize this procedure. In this study, we used photoelasticity imaging as a method to visualize elastic wave dynamics in model stones. Epoxy and glass stone models were made into cylindrical, rectangular, or irregular geometries and exposed in a degassed water bath to focused ultrasound bursts at different frequencies. A high-speed camera was used to record images of the stone during exposure through a circular polariscope backlit by a monochromic flash source. Results showed development of periodic stresses in the stone body with a pattern dependent on frequency. These were identified as guided wave modes in cylinders and plates, which formed standing waves upon reflection from the distal surfaces of the stone model, causing periodic stress positions. Measured phase velocities compared favorably to specific numerically calculated modes dependent on frequency and material. Artificial stones exposed to BWL produced cracks at positions anticipated by this mechanism. These results support guided wave production and reflection as a mechanism of stone fracture in BWL. [Work supported by K01 DK104854 and P01 DK043881.]
Evaluation of Prevention Interventions for Taxane-Induced Dermatologic Adverse Events: A Systematic Review.

Importance Chemotherapy-induced alopecia as well as nail and cutaneous changes occur in up to 89% of patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy and are associated with cosmetic concerns, psychosocial distress, and overall morbidity. Objective To review the efficacy and safety of interventions to prevent taxane-induced dermatologic adverse events. Evidence Review PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed for studies published in the English language from January 1, 1980, to August 13, 2018. Specific search terms included but were not limited totaxane,docetaxel,paclitaxel,prevent,nail,skin,hair,alopecia, andonycholysis. Primary clinical studies that detailed preventive interventions for taxane-induced dermatologic adverse events and that classified results according to a taxane-specific chemotherapy regimen were reviewed and graded according to a 5-point scale, modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Findings The 34 original reports that met the inclusion criteria consisted of 6 randomized clinical trials, 4 nonrandomized clinical trials, 18 cohort studies, 3 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, and 2 case reports and involved a total of 5647 unique participants. A total of 22 studies addressed preventive interventions for alopecia associated with taxane use, whereas 12 studies focused on taxane-induced skin and nail changes. Specifically, 20 (95%) of 21 studies supported the use of either a cold cap or a scalp cooling system to reduce alopecia but reported substantial differences in efficacy depending on the chemotherapy regimen. Scalp cooling was generally considered safe by all pertinent studies despite a single report of scalp skin metastasis. Similarly, use of frozen gloves and frozen socks in the prevention of nail and cutaneous hand and foot toxic effects was considered safe in 7 (88%) of 8 studies, although discomfort was common and frostbite was noted in 1 patient. Overall, use of frozen gloves was endorsed by 4 (67%) of 6 studies to prevent nail toxic effects and by 3 (60%) of 5 studies to prevent cutaneous hand changes. Conclusions and Relevance Scalp hypothermia with cold caps or scalp cooling systems has demonstrated efficacy as a monotherapy in preventing taxane-induced alopecia, and use of frozen gloves and socks has been associated with reduced nail and skin changes. Future studies should establish the routine usage protocols, standard outcome measures, and long-term efficacy and safety for these interventions.
Tight bounds for l p oblivious subspace embeddings

An lp oblivious subspace embedding is a distribution over r x n matrices Π such that for any fixed n x d matrix A, Pr[for all x, ||Ax||p ≤||ΠAx||p≤k||Ax||p] ≥ 9/10,Π where r is the dimension of the embedding, k is the distortion of the embedding, and for an n-dimensional vector y, ||y||p = (Σni=1 |yi|)1/p is the lp-norm. Another important property is the sparsity of Π, that is, the maximum number of non-zero entries per column, as this determines the running time of computing Π · A. While for p = 2 there are nearly optimal tradeoffs in terms of the dimension, distortion, and sparsity, for the important case of 1 ≤ p < 2, much less was known. In this paper we obtain nearly optimal tradeoffs for lp oblivious subspace embeddings for every 1 ≤ p < 2. Our main results are as follows: 1. We show for every 1 ≤ p < 2, any oblivious subspace embedding with dimension r has distortion k = [MATH HERE]. When r = poly(d) ⩽ n in applications, this gives a k = Ω(d1/p log−2/p d) lower bound, and shows the oblivious subspace embedding of Sohler and Woodruff (STOC, 2011) for p = 1 and the oblivious subspace embedding of Meng and Mahoney (STOC, 2013) for 1 < p < 2 are optimal up to poly(log(d)) factors. 2. We give sparse oblivious subspace embeddings for every 1 ≤ p < 2 which are optimal in dimension and distortion, up to poly(log d) factors. Importantly for p = 1, we achieve r = O(d log d), k = O(d log d) and s = O(log d) non-zero entries per column. The best previous construction with s ≤ poly(log d) is due to Woodruff and Zhang (COLT, 2013), giving k = Ω(d2poly(log d)) or [MATH HERE] and r ≥ d · poly(log d); in contrast our r = O(d log d) and k = O(d log d) are optimal up to poly(log(d)) factors even for dense matrices. We also give (1) nearly-optimal lp oblivious subspace embeddings with an expected 1 + e number of non-zero entries per column for arbitrarily small e > 0, and (2) the first oblivious subspace embeddings for 1 ≤ p < 2 with O(1)-distortion and dimension independent of n. Oblivious subspace embeddings are crucial for distributed and streaming environments, as well as entrywise lp low rank approximation. Our results give improved algorithms for these applications.
Robust tracking control of a robot manipulator using a passivity-based extended-state observer approach

This study presents a combination of the robust passivity-based controller (RPBC) and an extended state observer (ESO) for the tracking control of a three degree-of-freedom PUMA 500 robot manipulator under parameter variations and external disturbances. The dynamic model of the PUMA robot and its structural properties are analysed. The extra state in the ESO estimates the parameter variations and external disturbances in the control system. Then the RPBC cancels them in the control law. The stability of the proposed control system and the convergence of the observation errors are analysed. Simulations prove that the proposed controller is robust and tracks well under parameter variations, and external disturbances, validating the proposed control scheme.
Mechanistic Study on Iron Solubility in Atmospheric Mineral Dust Aerosol: Roles of Titanium, Dissolved Oxygen, and Solar Flux in Solutions Containing Different Acid Anions

Atmospheric processing of mineral dust aerosols has been identified as a major contributor to bioavailable Fe in the marine environment. While numerous studies have focused on single-component Fe-b...
The incomplete gamma function and special cases

The incomplete gamma functions γ(a, x) and Γ(a, x) are defined by $$\gamma (a,x) = \int\limits_0^x {{t^{a - 1}}{e^{ - 1}}} dt,a > 0,{\text{ }}\Gamma (a,x) = \int\limits_x^\infty {{t^{a - 1}}{e^{ - 1}}} dt = \Gamma (a) - \gamma (a,x)$$ .
Predicting EdD Applicant Potential Using Structured Behavioral Interviews During the Application Process

This essay describes the work of faculty at a public university in the southeast to align their application process with CPED principles through the addition of structured behavioral interviews. Their work was grounded in the premise that redefinition of the Ed. D. program to focus on the effective preparation of scholarly practitioners also requires a redefinition of the type of student who is most likely to benefit and, consequently, how the applicants most likely to achieve success are identified and admitted. A structured interview was added to the application process as a tool to gather data to accurately predict the likelihood of student success in the program and as a leader of change in schools. The development of the interview was guided by selection science literature, and questions were aligned to essential student attributes. Although the interview questions and process are still evolving, data from the initial administration suggests that the interview has promise as a useful element of the candidate selection process.
CHAPTER 306 – Signaling to the p53 Tumor Suppressor through Pathways Activated by Genotoxic and Nongenotoxic Stresses

The product of the human p53 tumor suppressor gene (TP53) is a 393-amino-acid polypeptide that functions as a homotetrameric transcription factor. p53 regulates the expression of genes that control cell cycle progression, the induction of apoptosis, DNA repair, and other functions involved in cellular responses to stress. Loss of p53 function, either directly through mutation or indirectly through several mechanisms, plays a central role in the development of cancer. While the p53 protein normally is short lived and is present at low levels in unstressed mammalian cells, in response to both genotoxic and nongenotoxic stresses it accumulates in the nucleus where it binds to specific DNA sequences. Genomic approaches have shown that p53 induces or inhibits the expression of more than 150 genes including p21 GADD45, MDM2, IGFBP3, and BAX, many of which mediate cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. p53 modulates DNA repair processes, and the arrest of cell cycle progression may provide time for the repair of DNA damage. This chapter highlights recent studies on the pathways that modulate p53 stability and activity in response to genotoxic and nongenotoxic stresses through covalent posttranslational modifications to p53 including the phosphorylation of serine and threonines and the acetylation of lysines.
Gray matter volumetric correlates of behavioral activation and inhibition system traits in children: An exploratory voxel-based morphometry study of the ABCD project data

Approach and avoidance represent two fundamental behavioral traits that develop early in life. Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of approach and avoidance traits in adults and adolescents. Here, using the data set of the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project, we investigated the structural cerebral bases of behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) in children. We employed voxel-based morphometry to examine how gray matter volumes (GMV) related specifically to BAS and BIS traits in 11,542 children (5491 girls, age 9-10 years) with 648 and 2697 identified as monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins/siblings (DZ), respectively. After accounting for the BIS score, higher BAS scores (residuals) were positively correlated with the GMV of the ventral striatum (VS), and the correlation was stronger in MZ than in DZ and unrelated children, with a heritability (h2) of 0.8463. Higher BAS scores were negatively correlated with the GMV of bilateral visual, lateral orbitofrontal, temporal, and inferior frontal cortex, as well as the precuneus. Higher BIS (after accounting for BAS) scores were negatively correlated with the GMVs of the ventral caudate and bilateral putamen/pallidum, hypothalamus, and right anterior insula, and the correlation was stronger in MZ than in DZ and unrelated children, with a heritability of 0.8848. A cluster in the VS showed positive and negative correlation with the BAS and BIS scores, respectively. These findings suggest shared and distinct cerebral volumetric bases of the BAS and BIS traits in children. Whereas both traits have a strong genetic basis, the BAS relative to BIS appears to be more amenable to environmental influences. These findings add to the literature of developmental neuroscience and may help identify genetic risk factors of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
Imagining the Future of Jotería Studies as a Framework in the Field of Higher Education

Although research on queer Latinx/a/o college students has increased in recent years, only a few studies employ frameworks that originate from queer Latinx/a/o communities. To center ways of being and knowing rooted in queer Latinx/a/o experiences, this manuscript argues that educators, scholars, and practitioners interested in the study of higher education should mobilize Joteria Studies as a framework. In this manuscript, the authors offer an overview of Joteria Studies before discussing how Queer of Color frameworks have emerged in education. Following this foundation, the authors generate recommendations for how educators, researchers, and higher education professionals can use Joteria Studies to guide their work.
Correlation between Body Mass Index and Renal Function before and after LVAD: Evidence for Overestimation of Renal Function Using Creatinine in the Advanced Heart Failure Population

Purpose Measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) improves initially after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and then declines. The reasons for this decline are incompletely understood. We hypothesize that the decline in measured GFR after LVAD is associated with the timing of increasing body mass after surgery. Methods Patients with a first time continuous-flow LVAD implant at a single center with renal function data and body mass index (BMI) data before and after LVAD were included in the analysis (n=410). GFR at each time point was calculated with CKD-EPI equation. Trends before and after LVAD were computed and plotted using Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing (LOESS). Linear mixed effects modeling was performed to test the association between GFR and BMI accounting for correlated, repeated measures within persons. Results Plots of GFR and BMI before and after LVAD implantation are displayed (Figure). BMI decreased prior to LVAD, decreased further after LVAD, and then steadily increased. GFR declined in the cohort prior to LVAD, improved with medical optimization, improved further post LVAD, and then declined again. Across the cohort there was a strong association between GFR and BMI (p Conclusion The displayed trends suggest GFR is over-estimated in the late stages of heart failure and in the immediate post LVAD period due to low creatinine production from sarcopenia. Use of creatinine in the advanced heart failure population may lead to inaccurate GFR estimates. This has broad implications for treatment of the heart failure population.
Selling New Products with Social Learning: The Role of Online Product Reviews

This paper studies the impact of consumers' social learning from the reviews of early adopters of a new product. We consider a two-period setting with an introduction (penetration) period followed by the product maturing period. Early buyers make purchase decisions in the introduction period under significant product valuation uncertainty and future price uncertainty and would like post reviews online to share their experiences about the product. The online product reviews posted by early adopters play an important role in shaping following consumers' product valuations and further influence their purchasing decisions. While the majority of research on social learning focuses on the impact of social learning on the consumer decisions and firm pricing in the maturing period, we find an indirect impact of electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) on the strategic early buyers' purchase decisions and firm pricing in the introduction period. When early buyers make purchase decisions, they need to forecast the future second period price, estimate the expected utility from waiting, and compare it with the expected utility from buying early. We find that social learning increases the uncertainty in future price, which depends on reviews and therefore unknown, for early buyers in the introduction period. This price-uncertainty-increasing effect may balk early buyers from adopting in the introduction period and thus impact a firm's profit. Driven by this effect, we find that under social learning negative reviews may benefit a firm while positive reviews can also hurt a firm.
Exploring the Ecomorphology of Two Cretaceous Enantiornithines With Unique Pedal Morphology

Recently, ~100 Ma amber from Myanmar has become an important source of information regarding the morphology of Late-Cretaceous enantiornithines. Two specimens consisting of partial hindlimbs exhibit unusual morphologies when compared to both extant avian taxa and other Cretaceous enantiornithines. Pedal morphology is extremely ecologically informative in Aves as it represents the interface between body and substrate. These seemingly bizarre pedal morphologies represent adaptations that allowed these birds to utilize certain niches present in their paleoenvironment. Specific ecological niches apply the same general pressures to different species over time, and in doing so, through natural selection, produce morphologies that function much the same, although they may be anatomically dissimilar. As such, extant animals can provide useful information pertaining to the functional morphology of extinct animals, even in the absence of direct analogues, as in the case of these two Hukawng enantiornithines. Comparisons to extant taxa in the same predicted niches of these enantiornithines can be used to either support or contradict previous hypotheses regarding the in vivo function of these unique pedal morphologies. Elektorornis chenguangi exhibits a hypertrophied third pedal digit, originally interpreted as an appendage used for probing. We support this interpretation, which allows informed speculation on the cranial anatomy of this taxon since extant animals that probe in woody substrates consistently pair elongate probing structures with a second robust structure that functions as a means to penetrate into this hard substrate. This strongly suggests that the rostrum of Elektorornis would have been robust and most likely edentulous. The second specimen YLSNHM01001 exhibits an unusually mediolaterally robust fourth pedal digit, nearly double the width of digit II. Given that no such morphology is present in any other bird in the Mesozoic or Cenozoic we feel the unusual morphology justifies erection of a new taxon, Fortispesavis prehendens gen. et sp. nov. Although distinct, the morphology in F. prehendens resembles the syndactyl condition in some extant avian groups, and we hypothesize the robust digit similarly functioned to increase the surface area of the foot, facilitating grip on perches through increased friction.
Investigating the origin of gypsum in Olympia Undae: Characterizing the mineralogy of the basal unit

Abstract The Olympia Undae sand sea contains the largest known deposit of gypsum discovered on the surface of Mars. The origin of this gypsum, a hydrated sulfate mineral requiring liquid water for its formation, remains largely unconstrained. We examine the hypothesis that gypsum was derived from the early-Amazonian aged Basal Unit, which is suggested to contain hydrated sulfates. Previous attempts to detect hydrated sulfates in the Basal Unit using CRISM and OMEGA data have been largely inconclusive. In this paper, we characterize the hydrated sulfate mineralogy of the Basal Unit using the Guided Endmember Extraction (GEEn) method which can detect target mineral spectra in mixed environments that obscure absorptions characteristic of certain minerals. In this paper, we outline a novel workflow for the application of GEEn to a set of CRISM images from the Olympia Cavi region and present spectral evidence for the presence of polyhydrated sulfates in the Basal Unit. We validate the applied GEEn workflow using CRISM data from various regions on Mars where sulfates have previously been detected. Non-linear mixture modeling is used to determine that spectra of the Basal Unit are best modeled as a spectral mixture of water-ice, sand/dust, mafic dune material, gypsum, and polyhydrated magnesium sulfate⁎. These sulfate detections could indicate the presence of liquid water in the polar region during the Amazonian. 1
Proteomic analysis of the host-pathogen interface in experimental cholera.

The microbial cell surface is a site of critical microbe–host interactions that often control infection outcomes. Defining the set of host proteins present at this interface has been challenging. Here we used a surface-biotinylation approach coupled to quantitative mass spectrometry to identify and quantify both bacterial and host proteins present on the surface of diarrheal fluid-derived Vibrio cholerae in an infant rabbit model of cholera. The V. cholerae surface was coated with numerous host proteins, whose abundance were driven by the presence of cholera toxin, including the C-type lectin SP-D. Mice lacking SP-D had enhanced V. cholerae intestinal colonization, and SP-D production shaped both host and pathogen transcriptomes. Additional host proteins (AnxA1, LPO and ZAG) that bound V. cholerae were also found to recognize distinct taxa of the murine intestinal microbiota, suggesting that these host factors may play roles in intestinal homeostasis in addition to host defense. Surface protein tagging and mass spectrometry-based proteomics applied in a rabbit cholera model system identifies proteins involved in Vibrio cholera-host cell interactions and defines a cholera toxin-dependent role for host surfactant protein D.
Language-Based Security

Security of mobile code is a major issue in today's global computing environment. When you download a program from an untrusted source, how can you be sure it will not do something undesirable? In this paper I will discuss a particular approach to this problem called language-based security. In this approach, security information is derived from a program written in a high-level language during the compilation process and is included in the compiled object. This extra security information can take the form of a formal proof, a type annotation, or some other form of certificate or annotation. It can be downloaded along with the object code and automatically verified before running the code locally, giving some assurance against certain types of failure or unauthorized activity. The verifier must be trusted, but the compiler, code, and certificate need not be. Java bytecode verification is an example of this approach. I will give an overview of some recent work in this area, including a particular effort in which we are trying to make the production of certificates and the verification as efficient and invisible as possible.
Real-time regional forecasting

Abstract An observational network, dynamical models and data assimilation schemes are the three components of an ocean prediction system. Its configuration for a regional real-time forecasting system proceeds in three phases, based on previous knowledge and experience of the area. In the initial (exploratory) phase, identification of dominant scales (synoptic, mesoscale and submesoscale), processes and interactions is obtained. In the intermediate (dynamical) phase, a clear resolution of the important dynamics and events must be reflected in the nowcasts and forecasts. This is carried out via energy and vorticity analysis (EVA). The third phase is designed to validate the predictive capability of the forecasts. Both qualitative verification and quantitative skill are utilized. At each stage, high quality data sets are required. Observing System Simulation Experiments are essential to the development of the regional ocean prediction system. Initializations and updates are obtained by the fusion of multiple data streams, i.e., the melding of feature models, previous data driven simulations and observations. Nowcasts and forecasts are generated via sequential assimilation combining ship-acquired and sensed remote data. Nested models and nested observations are employed for adequate resolution. The approach is illustrated with recent real-time experiences at sea in the Iceland-Faeroe frontal region, the Straits of Sicily and the Eastern Mediterranean basin.
Selective Reservation Strategies for Backfill Job Scheduling

Although there is wide agreement that backfilling produces significant benefits in scheduling of parallel jobs, there is no clear consensus on which backfilling strategy is preferable - should conservative backfilling be used or the more aggressive EASY backfilling scheme. Using trace-based simulation, we show that if performance is viewed within various job categories based on their width (processor request size) and length (job duration), some consistent trends may be observed. Using insights gleaned by the characterization, we develop a selective reservation strategy for backfill scheduling. We demonstrate that the new scheme is better than both conservative and aggressive backfilling.We also consider the issue of fairness in job scheduling and develop a new quantitative approach to its characterization. We show that the newly proposed schemes are also comparable or better than aggressive backfilling with respect to the fairness criterion.
Prenatal fetal electrocardiography.

Abstract 1. 1. A complete review of the literature on fetal electrocardiography to date is presented. 2. 2. A simple technique is presented which is especially applicable in late pregnancy. 3. 3. Fifty consecutive cases are presented in which positive tracings were obtained in all instances of a living fetus.
Bladder dysfunction after radical abdominal hysterectomy

Bladder dysfunction is a common occurrence following radical hysterectomy. We studied bladder function prospectively in 10 patients before and after radical hysterectomy. Results suggest that the hypertonic phase observed immediately postoperatively is the result of an increase in myogenic tonicity of the detrusor muscle secondary to the trauma of operation and prolonged catheter drainage. The inability of patients to urinate effectively is due to partial detrusor denervation. Combined cystometry and electromyography confirmed the presence of normal sphincter function and the absence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Prevention of postoperative bladder atony includes a careful preoperative urologic evaluation, including cystometry. Postoperative bladder care should emphasize the prevention of overdistention. Inability to empty the bladder after operation may be managed effectively by intermittent self-catheterization, Urecholine, or prolonged catheter drainage. Patients should be evaluated periodically to uncover delayed bladder decompensation.
Cross linking of proteins in vitro by peroxidase.

The enzyme peroxidase, a substrate (hydrogen donor), and hydrogen peroxide aggregated and polymerized soluble proteins included in the reaction mixture. Gel filtration and acrylamide disk gel electrophoresis revealed newly formed dimers, trimers, and higher protein polymers. Some of the protein polymers withstood the denaturing conditions of dodecyl sulfate disk gel electrophoresis; thus the formation of some covalent cross links was indicated. It is suggested that peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hydrogen donors to form free radicals or quinones, which subsequently interact with, cross link, and alter the soluble proteins.
Physicians in Long-Term Recovery Who Are Members of Alcoholics Anonymous

Background: There is little empirical literature on the experience in sobriety of long‐term, committed members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Objective: Studies on the experience of long‐term members, however, can yield a better understanding of the role of spirituality in AA membership, and how the program helps stabilize abstinence. Methods: We studied 144 physicians at a conference of doctors in AA. Results: Respondents had a mean period of sobriety of 140 months. Compared to normative populations, they scored higher on scales for depression and anxiety, and were more adherent to the spiritual character of AA, rather than a formally religious orientation. Those who reported “having a spiritual awakening” were more likely to “experience God’s presence” on most days (81% vs. 19%) and were less likely to report craving for alcohol (21% vs. 41%) than those who did not. Respondents who had a history of being enrolled in State Physicians’ Health Programs did not differ significantly on any of the aforesaid subjective variables from those who were not enrolled. Conclusion: The experience of long‐term AA members can be characterized in terms of abstinence, spirituality, and alcohol craving. Scientific Significance: The study of long‐term AA members can shed light on mechanisms of achieving abstinence in this fellowship. (Am J Addict 2013;22:323–328) An important component of the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is its long‐term, committed membership. These members tend to be strong advocates of the Twelve‐Step format, and regular attenders at AA meetings. According to AA’s own survey, conducted at a sample of its regular meetings, its member respondents had attended an average of 2.4 meetings weekly, with 47% indicating they had been sober for at least 5 years. 1
Reforming the Security Council to Achieve Collective Security

There exists a need for meaningful reform of Security Council decision making about the use of force. This chapter proposes a reform that goes a step further than that proposed by the Secretary-General and High-level Panel. It also proposes a mandatory process for the Security Council to follow whenever it faces a breach of or threat to international peace and security. This process encompasses the criteria that the Secretary-General suggested as guidelines but would require the Security Council consider them as well as other criteria, and would require that the Security Council establish conclusively whether the criteria have been met. The chapter also shows, through counterfactual approaches to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and 1999 bombing of Kosovo and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, how the process would work, and then discusses the benefits the process would bring. Keywords: collective security; Security Council
Using community-based methods and a social ecological framework to explore workplace health and safety of bloqueros on the Olympic Peninsula.

Background Occupational health and safety issues among Latino immigrants are increasingly important as increased immigration has led to a burgeoning workforce with limited English language skills or lack of documentation status. Foreign-born Latino immigrants are consistently the ethnic group with the highest occupational mortality rates in the United States. We aimed to understand and document the occupational safety and health hazards faced by a particularly at-risk Latino immigrant workforce—cedar block cutters, or bloqueros—on the Olympic Peninsula. Methods Key informant interviews were conducted using community-based participatory methods. Qualitative analysis was guided by grounded theory and a social ecological framework. Results Thirteen interviews were conducted lasting 1–2 hr each. Three prominent findings arose: (1) bloqueros face occupational risks similar to those found in other forestry occupations, (2) bloqueros face unexpected risks that are likely unique to block cutting, and (3) bloqueros face four overlapping marginalization forces (societal, economical, political, and occupational) that undermine workplace health and safety. Conclusions Bloqueros work low-paying, high-risk jobs with little health and safety regulation, documentation, or coverage. Workers' precarious socio-economic position and various structural factors compound workplace risks and contribute to a lack of ability to advocate for safer and healthier working conditions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:438–449, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Golgi impregnation after formalin fixation.

Formalin fixed (10% aqueous) brain from cat, rabbit and man cut to blocks 3-4 mm. thick was placed in a mixture of potassium bichromate, 5 g.; chloral hydrate, 3 g. and water 90 ml. for 24 hours. The specimens were rinsed through 3 changes of water, and transferred through 3 changes of 1% silver nitrate, 1-3 minutes each, then placed for 24 hours in 1.5% silver nitrate. Frozen sections, 40-50 μ were dehydrated and mounted with a cover glass, using Permount. No deterioration of the stain was seen after 5 months. Some brains had been in formalin for 9 months; others only 7 days.
Laryngeal mask anesthesia with intraoperative laryngoscopy for identification of the recurrent Laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy

Objectives/Hypothesis: A critical step in thyroidectomy involves definitive identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Using the laryngeal mask airway, identification of the RLN can be facilitated by stimulation of the nerve while monitoring vocal cord movement with a fiberoptic laryngoscope. We present this technique as an effective and safe means to identify the RLN during thyroid surgery, with significant advantages over existing techniques in appropriately selected patients. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: We performed thyroidectomy on 8 patients (13 RLN identifications) in which laryngeal mask airway anesthesia with fiberoptic laryngoscopy was used to identify the RLN. Results are reviewed with regard to postoperative vocal cord function, as well as intraoperative and postoperative courses with laryngeal mask airway anesthesia. Results: In all 13 cases in which the RLN was sought, it was definitively identified by witnessing brisk vocal cord movement on a video screen with stimulation of the RLN. No patient had postoperative vocal cord paresis or paralysis. Overall recovery from laryngeal mask airway anesthesia was uneventful and had advantages when compared with general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Conclusions: Laryngeal mask airway anesthesia with intraoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopy to identify the RLN is effective and safe in carefully selected patients. Advantages include decreased postoperative throat discomfort, absence of coughing during emergence from anesthesia, and elimination of the possibility of vocal cord mobility impairment secondary to RLN ischemia from the endotracheal tube balloon. In addition, this technique is applicable in operations besides thyroid surgery, in which definitive identification of the RLN is indicated.
Double-blind comparison of metaproterenol and isoetharine-phenylephrine solutions in intermittent positive pressure breathing in bronchospastic conditions.

A 5 percent solution of metaproterenol sulfate (Alupent) and a fixed-combination solution of isoetharine and phenylephrine were compared in a single-dose double-blind study in a total of 27 patients with reversible bronchospastic disease. The patients were assigned to parallel groups for treatment and received the usual dose of 0.3 ml of metaproterenol and 0.5 ml of the isoetharinephenylephrine solution via equipment for intermittent positive-pressure breathing. Tests of pulmonary function, blood pressure, and pulse rate were performed before the treatment and at intervals of 30 minutes to six hours after administration. The duration of effect (defined as an increase over baseline in the forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV 1 ] of at least 15 percent) of metaproterenol averaged four hours, as compared with one hour for the reference solution. The overall response of FEV 1 to metaproterenol was significantly (P = 0.01) superior to the response to the isoetharine-phenylephrine solution. Metaproterenol also surpassed the reference drug in terms of increases in the mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity (FEF-25-75%) to a degree approaching statistical significance. Changes in Mood pressure and pulse rate were clinically insignificant with both drugs, and the total number of adverse experiences was substantially the same with both solutions.
Liposuction of neck and jowls: five-incision method combining machine-assisted and syringe aspiration.

Background. Liposuction of the jowl region is difficult from a single submental incision and must be done conservatively in order to avoid overresection of fat. The neck region may be suctioned much more completely. Objective. A new method for liposuction of the neck and jowls that uses five incisions and that combines syringe suctioning of the jowls and machine-assisted suctioning of the neck has been developed. Methods. The neck was suctioned from submental and infra-auricular incisions. The jowls were suctioned from the infra-auricular and additional infrajowl incisions. Results. This method has been used on 68 patients over a 3-year period. Three additional patients underwent syringe liposuction of only the jowls. Volumes of fat aspirated from bilateral jowls were consistently nearly equal. The incidence of adverse events was low. Conclusion. This method enables conservative removal of jowl fat and thorough removal of neck fat, with a low incidence of adverse sequalae.
UV photoelectron and ab initio quantum mechanical characterization of nucleotides: The valence electronic structure of anionic 2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-phosphate

He(I) ultraviolet (UV) photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio, self-consistent field (SCF) calculations with the 6-31G basis set have been employed to characterize the valence electronic structures of anionic 2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-phosphate (5′-dAMP−). Theoretical ionization potentials (IPs) of 5'-dAMP-, of the neutral model compounds 9-methyladenine (9-MeA) and 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (3-OH-THF), and of the model anion CH3HPO4− have been obtained by applying Koopmans' theorem to ab initio SCF results. The ionization potentials predicted from the SCF calculations have been compared to He(I) photoelectron spectra of 9-MeA and 3-OH-THF. The SCF calculations predict a value (8.45 eV), for the highest occupied π orbital in 9-MeA which agrees well with the experimental vertical IP (8.39 eV). However, IPs for the highest occupied lone-pair orbitals in 3-OH-THF are predicted to be more than 1.52 eV higher than the experimental IPs. Results from recently reported [H. S. Kim and P. R. LeBreton, Proc. Natl. Sci. USA 91, 3725–3729 (1994), and N. S. Kim and P. R. LeBreton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 3694 (1996)] second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) calculations and configuration interaction calculations using the configuration interaction singles (CIS) method indicate that configuration interaction effects strongly influence the energies of the first five ionization events arising from removal of electrons from the closed-shell model anion CH3HPO4−. Results from the 6-31G SCF calculations of 5′-dAMP−, 9-MeA, 3-OH-THF, and CH3HPO4− indicates that valence orbital electron distributions in the nucleotide and in the model compounds and anion are similar. The correspondence between the orbital structure of the nucleotide, and the model compounds and anion makes it possible, employing experimental photoelectron data and MP2/CIS computational results for the model compounds and anion, to individually correct IPs calculated for the nucleotide at the 6-31G SCF level. Here, this approach has provided values for the 13 lowest IPs of 5′-dAMP− and indicates that the first IPs of the base, sugar, and phosphate groups are 6.1, 7.8, and 5.5 eV, respectively. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Applications of nonparametric statisitcs ot multicomponent solids mixing

Abstract This study demonstrates the applicability of nonparametric procedures to the analysis of mixing processes. In particular, multivariate nonparametric methods are used to evaluate the properties of a multicomponent solids mixture. Specific problems considered are: 1. test of sampling techniques, 2. test of treatment effects, 3. test of the completely mixed state, and 4. test of a quality standard. The usefulness of the proposed nonparametric techniques is amply demonstrated with both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures generated by a drum mixer. The techniques presented in this paper are also applicable ot other mixers.
Graded Histological and Locomotor Outcomes after Spinal Cord Contusion Using the NYU Weight-Drop Device versus Transection

Injury reproducibility is an important characteristic of experimental models of spinal cord injuries (SCI) because it limits the variability in locomotor and anatomical outcome measures. Recently, a more sensitive locomotor rating scale, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale (BBB), was developed but had not been tested on rats with severe SCI complete transection. Rats had a 10-g rod dropped from heights of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mm onto the exposed cord at Tl 0 using the NYU device. A subset of rats with 25 and 50 mm SCI had subsequent spinal cord transection (SCI + TX) and were compared to rats with transection only (TX) in order to ascertain the dependence of recovery on descending systems. After 7-9 weeks of locomotor testing, the percentage of white matter measured from myelin-stained cross sections through the lesion center was significantly different between all the groups with the exception of 12.5 vs 25 mm and 25 vs 50 mm groups. Locomotor recovery was greatest for the 6.25-mm group and least for the 50-mm group and was correlated positively to the amount of tissue sparing at the lesion center (p 0.05). Thus, spared descending systems appear to modify segmental systems which produce greater behavioral improvements than isolated cord systems.
Evidence for a Dynamo in the Main Group Pallasite Parent Body

Understanding the origin of pallasites, stony-iron meteorites made mainly of olivine crystals and FeNi metal, has been a vexing problem since their discovery. Here, we show that pallasite olivines host minute magnetic inclusions that have favorable magnetic recording properties. Our paleointensity measurements indicate strong paleomagnetic fields, suggesting dynamo action in the pallasite parent body. We use these data and thermal modeling to suggest that some pallasites formed when liquid FeNi from the core of an impactor was injected as dikes into the shallow mantle of a ~200-kilometer-radius protoplanet. The protoplanet remained intact for at least several tens of millions of years after the olivine-metal mixing event.