cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
University-industry collaboration in engineering systems research: The case of cost modeling

This paper suggests that the university-industry collaborative research model is a particularly profitable one when applied to problems in engineering systems research. In particular, this approach to research sets up an environment where the major gaps in skills and data of both academics and industry can, in a complementary fashion, be aligned to devise a research team that is well-suited to tackling these problems. Although the field of engineering systems is a relatively new one, it can be instructive to explore research problems that share the features of engineering systems problems that have been already undertaken to illustrate the benefits of these complementary features, as well as to explore how best to characterize future opportunities. This paper describes one such set of collaborations between steel-making firms and researchers from the MIT Materials Systems Laboratory. In particular, it explores the modeling of production cost, an emergent property of a complex engineering system. Despite its obvious relevance throughout the product development cycle, cost modeling analysis has not been a major area of engineering research. Successful research in this area has been largely achieved through university-industry research collaboration, and this success suggests that there are other opportunities in the engineering systems research area.
An 18th Century Internet: Modeling Knowledge Organization and Information Retrieval in a Living History Museum

The purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge organization structures and information access protocols in the Colonial Williamsburg historic restoration in Williamsburg, Virginia. It reports the results of a pilot project designed to provide preliminary models for studying such schema in the interactive learning environment of living history museums. Le but de cet article est d’examine les structures d’organisation de la connaissance et les protocoles d’acces a l’information lors des reconstitutions historiques de Colonial Williamsburg a Williamsburg, en Virginie. Sont presentes les resultats d’un projet pilote concu pour degager des modeles preliminaires d’etude de schemas dans l’environnement d’apprentissage interactif que constituent les musees d’histoire vivante.
The Concept of Representation in the Age of the American Revolution

"Americans did not rebel from Great Britain because they wanted a different government. They rebelled because they believed that Parliament was violating constitutional precepts. Colonial Whigs did not fight for American rights. They fought for English rights." from the Preface John Phillip Reid goes on to argue that it was generally the application, not the definition, of these rights that was disputed. The sole and critical exception concerned the right of representation. American perceptions of the responsibility of representatives to their constituents, the necessity of equal representation, and the constitutional function of consent had diverged gradually, but significantly, from British tradition. Drawing on his mastery of eighteenth-century legal thought, Reid explores the origins and shifting meanings of representation, consent, arbitrary rule, and constitution. He demonstrates that the controversy which led to the American Revolution had more to do with jurisprudential and constitutional principles than with democracy and equality. This book will interest legal historians, Constitutional scholars, and political theorists."
Suspension processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina-platelet-reinforced 3Y-TZP

3Y-TZP containing Al 2 O 3 platelet reinforcements were fabricated by suspension processing and pressureless sintering to >95% of theoretical density. The effect of platelet size on the green and fired microstructures was determined. There was improvement in mechanical properties using smaller platelets, but loss in fracture strength using larger platelets.
Multimedia Interactive Map for CH Presentation

This article describes a novel Internet-based cultural heritage (CH) application, a multimedia interactive map with various user-friendly functions that allow users to find results according to their needs. Usually, the user selects a Point of Interest (PoI) to navigate a map, selecting it from a list or through a search function, as illustrated in the four cases studied here. The developed application allows the user to select a PoI and also view the previews of its multimedia contents (using the ‘Folder’, ‘Tile’ and ‘Table’ functions). Moreover, filtering functions—such as century (using the time slider), period, physical accessibility level and multimedia type (using the filter panel)—improve the system usability. Finally, PoIs are visualised on the map with multi-shape markers using a set of colours unambiguous to both colour-blind and non-colour-blind people. The interface is illustrated using data acquired from the Municipality of Cetinje (Montenegro). The software components are also illustrated, which contain useful information to other developers.
Design and fabrication of small phantoms using stereolithography

Small-animal imaging is rapidly becoming an essential tool for preclinical development of new compounds for imaging and therapy. Although imaging performance evaluations and regular quality control are both important, surprisingly, there are relatively few appropriate phantoms available for such procedures. Phantoms can also be used with liquid or gel dosimeters for measuring radiation doses in different compartments, as well as cross-doses to other compartments. Both imaging and therapy applications, however, could benefit from phantoms with walls that are thinner than those currently available (~1 mm). Using high-resolution stereolithography (SL), we produced phantoms with 2-cm-long cold rods or hot channels ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter. Hollow spheres with 3- mm inner diameter were also produced, with wall thickness from 100 to 350 mum. All phantoms were imaged by muCT, with 27 mum resolution. SL performance was estimated by measuring the dimensions of many structures in the micro-CT images. We also evaluated the degree of water absorption by two different SL resins, Somosreg 11120 and Accurareg 40, after curing. The average bias (and precision) of the cold-rod and hot-channel structures over the size range 0.5 to 1.0 mm, were 0.75% (1.93%) and 0.9% (1.92%), respectively. Water absorption by the resins after 4 hours was minimal (0.1 to 0.15% weight change) for both materials; however, after 66 hours in water, the change was greater for Accurareg 40 (1.5%) than for Somosreg 11120 (0.25%); thus, the latter is a more suitable material for nuclear medicine applications. The muCT images demonstrated that the minimum acceptable spherical wall thickness was ~150 mum; this will allow beta particles from low-energy beta emitters, e.g., Lu-177, Cu-67, or 1-131, to deliver a greater radiation dose to neighboring compartments. SL is a robust and accurate method for fabrication of phantoms with thin walls for small-animal imaging systems and dosimetry measurements.
The relationship between intrinsic reliability of utility distribution network design to SAIDI: A statistical quantification

Capital planning of a distribution electric power utility aims to improve the reliability of energy delivery to its customers. It is critical to prioritize capital investments on problematic feeders in a distribution network. SAIDI is one of the most commonly used key performance indicators of a utility. An optimal capital investment strategy should seek to maximize the intrinsic reliability of feeders because it minimizes the future risk of service interruption. In this paper, we propose a quantitative approach to measure intrinsic reliability of feeders in a distribution network. We propose a set of metrics that best quantify the design of feeders. The proposed metrics enable computation of robustness of the feeders in case of an outage event. We then apply a statistical ranking method on these new metrics to quantify the intrinsic reliability of the feeders in a utility power distribution network. We present quantitative evaluations from various perspectives including the probability of high SAIDI, 3rd quartile and mean SAIDI. When applying to the distribution network of a US distribution utility company, our approach gives R2 values in the range of 0.86 to 0.94 using linear regression, which indicates a very strong correlation. Hence, this quantification enables better capital planning and more robust networks.
Inactivation of Antibiotics by Heating in Foods and other Substrates - A Review.

Heat stability of antibiotics in foods to cooking has been determined by a variety of methods. These include heating in such liquid media as milk, water, buffers and meat extracts, and in solids such as buffered meat homogenates and various sausages. Inactivation of incurred residues in tissues and eggs was also studied. Time and temperature of heating were more easily controlled in liquid media, but results in actual meat products are more indicative of actual cooking processes. Ordinary cooking procedures for meat, even to “well-done” cannot be relied on to inactivate even the more heat sensitive compounds such as penicillins and tetracyclines. More severe heating as for canning or prolonged cooking with moist heat might inactivate the more sensitive compounds.
Emotion Correlates of Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims in African American Children:

Bullying is a pervasive and widely studied problem. Less is known about the emotion correlates that accompany being a bully, being a victim of bullying, and experiencing both bullying and victimiza...
RF array system equalization and true time delay with FPGA hardware-in-the-loop

In practice, beamforming accuracy and channel pair cancellation (i.e. low-rank adaptive beamforming) are not always improved with digital beamforming due to channel mismatches between elements. As a result, optimal beamforming performance gain will not be achieved unless these errors are accounted for. This paper describes an equalization process that corrects the phase and amplitude variations across a digital array while simultaneously beamforming. A hardware-in-the-loop setup running in real-time implements the necessary corrections with an adaptively updated digital filter. Simulation and preliminary measured results of an FPGA-based beamforming system are discussed.
Impact of comorbidities by age on symptom presentation for suspected acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department.

Background:It is estimated half of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients have one or more associated comorbid conditions.Aims:Aims were to: 1) examine the prevalence of comorbid conditions in pati...
A New Species of Loeseliastrum (Polemoniaceae) From Northern Arizona

Loeseliastrum franciscanum R. Crawford, a local endemic known from three populations in the eastern San Francisco volcanic field of Coconino County, northern Arizona is newly described and illustrated here. This species is similar to L. depressum (M. E. Jones ex A. Gray) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson, but is distinguished by its strongly bilabiate corolla, long exserted stamens, pinnatifid leaves, and mostly tridentate inflorescence bracts. A revised key to Loeseliastrum is presented.
Genomic and Epidemiological Evidence for Community Origins of Hospital-Onset Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections.

Background We examined whether disparities existed in hospital-onset (HO) Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (BSIs) and used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify factors associated with USA300 transmission networks. Methods We evaluated HO methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and HO methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) BSIs for 2009-2013 at 2 hospitals and used an adjusted incidence for modeling. WGS and phylogenetic analyses were performed on a sample of USA300 BSI isolates. Epidemiologic data were analyzed in the context of phylogenetic reconstructions. Results On multivariate analysis, male sex, African-American race, and non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity were significantly associated with HO-MRSA BSIs whereas Hispanic ethnicity was negatively associated (rate ratio, 0.41; P = .002). Intermixing of community-onset and HO-USA300 strains on the phylogenetic tree indicates that these strains derive from a common pool. African-American race was the only factor associated with genomic clustering of isolates. Conclusions In a multicenter assessment of HO-S. aureus BSIs, African-American race was significantly associated with HO-MRSA but not MSSA BSIs. There appears to be a nexus of USA300 community and hospital transmission networks, with a community factor being the primary driver. Our data suggest that HO-USA300 BSIs likely are due to colonizing strains acquired in the community before hospitalization. Therefore, prevention efforts may need to extend to the community for maximal benefit.
Flow Cytometric Identification of Fibrocytes in Scleroderma Lung Disease

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive and dysregulated accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs. Pulmonary complications including interstitial lung disease have emerged as the greatest cause of mortality in this disease. Because treatments are limited, new areas of investigation are sorely needed. An emerging area of interest in this field is a potential role for fibrocytes as biomarkers or mediators of disease. Fibrocytes are monocyte-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that exhibit features of extracellular matrix production and wound contraction in addition to immunologic functions such as cytokine and chemokine production, antigen presentation, leukocyte trafficking, and modulation of angiogenesis. Fibrocytes could participate in the pathogenesis of scleroderma lung disease through any or all of these functions and may be useful biomarkers of disease activity. This chapter presents protocols that have been developed for the study of fibrocytes obtained from human circulation and tissues. Protocols for the quantification of fibrocytes in murine models also are described, along with discussion of common technical challenges. It is hoped that this information will allow further investigation of the role that fibrocytes might play in Scleroderma-related lung disease and perhaps lead to new areas of study in this difficult-to-treat and deadly disease.
Neuropeptide Synthesis and Storage

Neuropeptides are synthesized from larger inactive precursor proteins into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. After a series of modification steps common to many proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, inactive propeptides are packaged at the trans-Golgi network into immature secretory granules along with peptide-specific biosynthetic processing enzymes. As the granules mature into large dense-core vesicles, processing to smaller, further modified, active neuropeptides occurs. Neuropeptides are then stored, transported to distal parts of the neuron, and eventually released in response to a stimulus. Different peptides can be sorted into separate granules, and granules are trafficked to both axons and dendrites.
Control of linear welding robot plant by pole placement control based on discrete Kalman Filter

The Pole Placement Control is a control strategy to reallocate poles of a system forcing a desired behaviour to it. The technique is established on states feedback backed by a gain matrix. States are estimated when they are not directly available. Then, in this work a pole placement control based on Discrete Kalman Filter, in discrete time, for feedback states was applied over a linear welding robot. The modelling of this robot and simulations of controlled system are presented and results are argued.
Association Between Early Caffeine Citrate Administration and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Preterm Neonates: Results From the AWAKEN Study.

Importance Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in preterm neonates and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives To examine the association between caffeine citrate administration and AKI in preterm neonates in the first 7 days after birth and to test the hypothesis that caffeine administration would be associated with reduced incidence and severity of AKI. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a secondary analysis of the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN) study, a retrospective observational cohort that enrolled neonates born from January 1 to March 31, 2014. The dates of analysis were October 2016 to December 2017. The setting was an international, multicenter cohort study of neonates admitted to 24 participating level III or IV neonatal intensive care units. Participants met the original inclusion and exclusion criteria of the AWAKEN study. Additional exclusion criteria for this study included participants greater than or equal to 33 weeks’ gestation at birth, admission after age 7 days, use of theophylline in the neonatal intensive care unit, or lack of data to define AKI. There were 675 preterm neonates available for analysis. Exposure Administration of caffeine in the first 7 days after birth. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI (based on the modified neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes [KDIGO] definition) in the first 7 days after birth. The hypothesis that caffeine administration would be associated with reduced AKI incidence was formulated before data analysis. Results The study cohort (n = 675) was 55.4% (n = 374) male, with a mean (SD) gestational age of 28.9 (2.8) weeks and a mean (SD) birth weight of 1285 (477) g. Acute kidney injury occurred in 122 neonates (18.1%) in the first 7 days after birth. Acute kidney injury occurred less frequently among neonates who received caffeine than among those who did not (50 of 447 [11.2%] vs 72 of 228 [31.6%],P Conclusions and Relevance Caffeine administration in preterm neonates is associated with reduced incidence and severity of AKI. Further studies should focus on the timing and dosage of caffeine to optimize the prevention of AKI.
Disparities in Screening for Head and Neck Cancer: Evidence from the NHANES, 2011-2014

Objective To measure the association between race and head and neck cancer screening and education. Study Design Nationally representative survey. Setting US National Center for Health Statistics. Subjects and Methods Pooled data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to examine disparities in head and neck cancer education and screening among US citizens aged ≥18 years. We measured the association between race and head and neck cancer education and screening, adjusting for age, sex, education, income, and health insurance. Subtype analyses were performed on ever smokers, a lifetime consumption of ≥100 cigarettes, and nonsmokers, a lifetime consumption of <100 cigarettes. Results Among smokers, only 20.2% were educated about the benefits of giving up cigarette smoking; 27.7% had ever received an oral cancer screening examination in which a doctor or dentist pulls on the tongue; and 24.8% had ever had a screening examination in which a doctor or dentist feels the neck. As compared with white smokers, nonwhite smokers were significantly less likely to receive an oral cancer screening examination in which the tongue was pulled (black smokers: odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31-0.63). Although 72.2% of screenings of white participants were performed by dentists, black participants were more often screened by a physician (36.4%) as compared with any other race. Conclusion This study highlights socioeconomic disparities in head and neck cancer screening and education. We advocate increased patient screening and education by primary care physicians, especially for nonwhite patients and patients with relevant risk factors.
Blockchain and the Internet of Things in the Industrial Sector

Blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) are key technologies that will have a huge impact in the next 10 years for companies in the industrial market. This article describes how these two technologies will improve efficiencies, provide new business opportunities, address regulatory requirements, and improve transparency and visibility.
Localization of non-cooperative OFDM sources with noncoherent snapshots

We investigate the problem of localization of sources transmitting OFDM communication signals. A non-cooperative setting is considered whereby the set of subcarriers used by each source is unknown. We propose an iterative localization algorithm which jointly estimates the location of the sources in both spatial and spectral domains. Furthermore, the subarrays collecting the source signals are not required to be synchronized. This eliminates the need for accurate clock synchronization across the geographically dispersed subarrays. The proposed method is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, with a nested likelihood ratio test within each EM iteration in order to detect the subcarrier occupancy of each source. The efficacy of the algorithm is illustrated via simulation results.
Developing an Action Plan for Infrastructures: From Vision to Action

The general favorable stance taken by students in industrial development has been termed the high-road industrial development strategy. Such a strategy aims to develop an economy characterized by highly value-added output of goods and services, a highly skilled work force and higher income for citizens. Such a high-road industrial development strategy can be achieved only if a continuous innovation, learning, and upgrading activity, is in effect (Grunsven and Egeraat 1999).
Nanomaterials in microfluidics for disease diagnosis and therapy development

Nanomaterials are attractive in biological analysis due to their advantages such as high surface-to-volume ratio, surface plasmonic effect, ease to be chemically modified, and have been applied for...
Propagating Uncertainty in Power System Dynamic Simulations Using Polynomial Chaos

Quantifying the uncertainty of the renewable energy generation units and loads is critical to ensure the dynamic security of next-generation power systems. To achieve that goal, the time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations are usually used, which is not suitable for online dynamic analysis of large-scale power systems. To circumvent this difficulty, two uncertainty quantification approaches using polynomial-chaos-based methods are proposed and investigated. The first approach is the generalized polynomial chaos method that is able to reduce the computing time by three orders of magnitude compared with Monte Carlo methods while achieving the same accuracy. We find that this approach is very useful for short-term power system dynamic simulations, but it may produce unreliable results for long-term simulations. To address the weakness of that approach, we present the second method, namely the multi-element generalized-polynomial-chaos method. It is seen that this method is more accurate and more numerically stable than the generalized polynomial chaos method. Since the uncertainties of the renewable energy generation units and loads can follow very different distributions, we extend the Stieltjes’ recursive procedure that allows us to derive the orthogonal basis functions for any assumed probability distribution of the input random variables. Extensive simulations carried out on the WECC 3-machine 9-bus system and the New England 10-machine 39-bus system reveal that our proposed approaches are able to produce comparable accuracy as the Monte Carlo based method while achieving significantly improved computational efficiency for both stable and unstable power system operating conditions.
Nationwide, Longitudinal Trends in CT Colonography Utilization: Cross-Sectional Survey Results From the 2010 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey.

Abstract Purpose Colon cancer screening reduces deaths from colorectal cancer. Screening rates have plateaued; however, studies have found that giving patients a choice between different screening tests improves adherence. CT colonography is a minimally invasive screening test with high sensitivity for colonic polyps (>1 cm). With increasing insurance coverage of CT colonography nationwide, there are limited estimates of CT colonography utilization over time. Our purpose was to estimate CT colonography utilization over time using nationally representative cross-sectional survey data. Methods We utilized 2010 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey cross-sectional data. Participants between ages 50 and 75 without colorectal cancer history were included. Accounting for complex survey design elements, logistic regression analyses evaluated changes in CT colonography utilization over time, adjusted for potential confounders, and stratified by insurance and age. Results Overall, 21,686 respondents were included (8,965 in 2010, 12,721 in 2015). Reported CT colonography utilization decreased from 1.2% to 0.9% (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.98). Stratified analyses revealed no changes in utilization in patients with private insurance (P = .35) and in patients younger than 65 (P = .07). Overall awareness of CT colonography decreased from 20.5% to 15.9% (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.91-0.95). Reported optical colonoscopy utilization increased from 57.9% to 63.6% (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05). Conclusion Despite increasing self-reported utilization of optical colonoscopy from 2010 to 2015, survey results suggest that CT colonography awareness (∼16%) and utilization (∼1%) remain low. Improved public awareness and coverage expansion to Medicare-aged populations will promote improved CT colonography utilization and overall colorectal cancer screening rates.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Objectivity as Authority

The vast expansion of medical research has prompted clinician-facing organizations to create tools to translate science into practice. In the cardiovascular space, the American College of Cardiology, in collaboration with the American Heart Association, published its first guideline in 1984 and has
Confidentiality in the Doctor-Patient Relationship: Perspectives of Youth Ages 14-24 Years.

Objective To describe the experiences of youth regarding confidentiality with their healthcare provider and how confidentiality affects their interactions with the healthcare system. Study design Using MyVoice, a national mixed methods text message poll, 4 qualitative probes were asked to 1268 youth age 14-24 years from July 2017 through December 2017. Respondents were asked about their opinions and experiences with confidentiality in their healthcare. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results The overall response rate was 75% (n = 948) with a mean age of 18.6 years (SD = 3.2). Respondents were mostly female (56%) and white (70%) with 44% reporting some college education or greater. Qualitative analysis revealed that the majority of youth have not had a conversation with their provider about confidentiality; many youth think all care should be confidential; youth worry about privacy and future discrimination; and youth may lie about their risk behaviors or not seek healthcare when concerned about confidentiality. Conclusions Confidentiality in healthcare is concerning to many youth and affects how they interact with the healthcare system. It is imperative for healthcare providers to discuss confidentiality while building trusting relationships with each youth to provide the highest level of care for this vulnerable population.
Role of metabolic stress management in mammary tumorigenesis

1554 Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process whereby cellular organelles and bulk cytoplasm are targeted to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is a survival pathway required for cell viability during starvation; however, if it proceeds to completion, autophagy can lead to cell death. Autophagy also plays a role in tumorigenesis, as the essential autophagy regulator beclin1 is monoallelically deleted in many human ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers, and beclin1+/- mice are tumor-prone. Thus, autophagy likely suppresses tumorigenesis, but the mechanism has been unknown. We recently showed that allelic loss of beclin1 compromises the autophagy potential of immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cells (iMMECs) in vitro and in mammary tumors, sensitizes iMMECs to metabolic stress and accelerates lumen formation in mammary acini. Autophagy defects also activate the DNA damage response in vitro and in mammary tumors in vivo, promote gene amplification, and synergize with defective apoptosis to accelerate mammary tumorigenesis. We are now investigating the mechanism by which autophagy mitigates metabolic stress and limits genome damage in mammary epithelial cells, so as to gain insight into how autophagy may suppress mammary tumorigenesis. A proteomic analysis was performed to determine how autophagy-competent mammary epithelial cells respond successfully to metabolic stress as compared to cells with autophagy defects. Protein extracts from apoptosis-defective beclin1+/+ and beclin1+/- iMMECs exposed to metabolic stress for 0 and 7 days were analyzed by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). More than a hundred proteins with differential expression under metabolic stress have been sequenced and mostly represent members of the GRP chaperone system, cellular metabolism, mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins. The 2D-DIGE results have been validated by Western Blotting and IF for a subset of the sequenced proteins. Expression of several proteins upregulated under metabolic stress has also been examined in 3D-morphogenesis assays. For most proteins examined to date, expression is higher in the central acinar cells, indicating that the acinar center is a physiologic area of increased metabolic stress. Finally, differential protein expression between wild-type and autophagy-defective iMMECs under conditions of metabolic stress is being validated on mammary tissues from beclin1+/+ and beclin1+/- female mice at different ages. These studies may shed light into the mechanism by which failure to effectively manage metabolic stress by autophagy may promote genome damage and instability in mammary tumor cells, and thus breast cancer progression. Furthermore, new therapeutic targets may be identified and clues into how to best exploit the process of autophagy for therapeutic benefit may emerge.
Case report: Chlorpromazine and deep venous thrombosis.

Purpose Since the development of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s, a variety of studies and case reports have been published that suggest an association between exposure to typical antipsychotics and venous thromboembolisms (VTE). Therefore, when starting treatment with antipsychotics, especially low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine, health-care providers must account for the patient's existing VTE risk factors. Design/methodology/approach In this case report, the authors describe the development of a pulmonary embolism associated with use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of an acute manic episode in a 51-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder type 1. Findings The patient was brought to the emergency room by the police on a legal hold for bizarre behaviors at a bus stop, which included incessantly yelling at bystanders. The patient was found to have disorganized thoughts, poor sleep, rapid speech, labile mood, distractibility, auditory hallucinations and grandiose delusions. During the course of her stay, the patient received extensive IM chlorpromazine for extreme agitation, in addition to chlorpromazine 200 mg IM Q8H, which was later decreased to chlorpromazine 100 mg chlorpromazine IM/PO Q8H. On day 4 of the treatment, the patient experienced difficulty breathing, hypoxia and tachycardia and was found to have bilateral expiratory wheezes. CT angiography showed sub-segmental pulmonary embolus and the patient was transferred to MICU service. The patient was then intubated and started on heparin by the medical team. Over the course of the next day, her respiratory distress resolved and the patient was extubated. Originality/value It is possible that chlorpromazine may indeed increase VTEs, and there are various physiological postulations regarding the mechanism of action. However, multiple confounding variables existed in the authors' report, including venous stasis and the use of restraints, tobacco and valproic acid. Each of these variables has been shown to increase VTE occurrence. Further controlled studies are necessary to identify the true relationship between antipsychotics and VTEs.
Abstract P3-06-12: Autophagy-mediated survival mechanism to c-Src inhibitor therapy in triple negative breast cancer

c-Src (Src) is a proto-oncogene involved in signaling that culminates in the control of multiple biological functions. Src is also one of the most frequently upregulated pathways in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysregulation of Src has been detected in TNBC and is strongly associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. However, even after promising preclinical studies, Src inhibitors did not show major clinical advantage in unselected TNBC populations. We have previously published that metastatic TNBC has high energy-dependency to mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) and FAO activates Src by inducing autophosphorylation at Y419. However, our recent analysis suggests that as observed with the Src inhibitors, TNBC tumors treated with FAO inhibitors also develop drug-resistance and exhibit continuous tumor growth. Evaluation of their drug resistance mechanism revealed that while short-term inhibition of FAO or Src induces autophagic and apoptotic cell deaths, long-term inhibition results in autophagy-mediated drug resistance and survival. Further analyses suggest that FAO/Src inhibitors promote interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) expression and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway via the induction of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TNBC. Activated MEK/ERK then suppresses IRF1 expression and induces survival pathways for drug resistance and tumor survival. Validation of in vitro findings using in vivo TNBC models confirmed that combination of FAO/Src inhibitors with MEK/ERK inhibitor or ROS scavenger provide significant benefit to overcome the therapeutic resistance of TNBC. These findings open-up new therapeutic opportunities to manage TNBC patients with currently non-targetable metastatic tumors. Citation Format: Kwanghwa Jung, Junhyoung Park, Tirupataiah Sirupangi, Dongya Jia, Nishant Gandhi, Shivanand Pudakalakatti, Jessica Elswood, Weston Porter, Nagireddy Putluri, Xiang H.-F Zhang, Xi Chen, Pratip K. Bhattacharya, Chad J. Creighton, Michael T. Lewis, Jeffrey M. Rosen, Lee-Jun C. Wong, Gokul M. Das, C. Kent Osborne, Mothaffar F Rimawi, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu. Autophagy-mediated survival mechanism to c-Src inhibitor therapy in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-12.
Regimes of flow through cylinder arrays subject to steady pressure gradients

Abstract Flows through periodic cylinder arrays have been studied extensively for applications to heat exchangers, porous media, chemical reactors, and computational fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, the variation of the pore and macro-scale flow-regimes with porosity, driving pressure gradient, and cylinder arrangement remains not fully explored. We consequently perform a thorough parametric study of such regimes for both inline and staggered arrays of circular cylinders. The Navier–Stokes and continuity equations are solved using finite-volume and immersed boundary methods. We vary the porosity from minimum values for which cylinders nearly touch, to values approaching unity. We vary the Reynolds number from values producing Stokes flow to those producing pore-scale vortex shedding. Using the results of over 1000 simulations, we explore how competition between viscous and inertial effects produces five macroscopic flow regimes. We document the validity limits of each regime, and explore how they impact the modelling of non-Darcy flow regimes. We find the practice of fitting Forchheimer-type equations to data from a wide range of Reynolds numbers produces conflicting results in the literature. For inline arrays, the Forchheimer regime is not always present, and has a smaller validity regime than alternative models. For staggered arrays, the Forchheimer regime has a strong presence, but care must be taken to account for the presence of two different Forchheimer-type regimes. We also show that transition to vortex shedding is sensitive to the numerical domain size, because the mode of instability need not be periodic over the same unit cell as the steady flow. This significantly complicates the study of vortex shedding.
The Role of Checkers (Jekab) in the Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands have an active community of competitive players of checkers (jekab) who use a rule set that is particular to the region. This game is featured in tournaments held during cultural celebrations on multiple islands in the archipelago, while the activity is considered an integral part of public life as it is witnessed on the islands. Marshallese checkers is shown to create a liminoid space in which a diversity of players in terms of age, language and socioeconomic circumstances interact across the playing board. Marshallese checkers supports the idea of board games as social lubricants that helps to explain how board games cross these borders so effortlessly historically as well as contemporaneously. The public presence, the rules and the diversity of players exhibited in the Marshall Islands point to a rich history of and a continuing future for abstract board games in the Pacific Islands.
New Physics, New Faust: Faustian Bargains in Physics Before the Atomic Bomb

The various intellectual concerns of early twentieth-century quantum physicists were connected to one another in part through their broad-ranging interests, including literature. In 1932 a group wrote and performed “The Blegdamsvej Faust,” a parody of Goethe’s Faust that debates the existence of the neutrino while producing comedy, chaos, and fraught interpersonal connections. Operating as a roast of the senior members of the community, “The Blegdamsvej Faust” represents the dangers inherent in the conflicts not only between the new physics and the old but also between the physicists racing to demonstrate new discoveries, claim valuable positions, and promote their nations.
Patient Outcomes Following Ketamine Administration for Acute Agitation with a Decreased Dosing Protocol in the Prehospital Setting.

Background: Agitated behaviors are frequently encountered in the prehospital setting and require emergent treatment to prevent harm to patients and prehospital personnel. Chemical sedation with ketamine works faster than traditional pharmacologic agents, though it has a higher incidence of adverse events, including intubation. Outcomes following varying initial doses of prehospital intramuscular (IM) ketamine use have been incompletely described. Objective: To determine whether using a lower dose IM ketamine protocol for agitation is associated with more favorable outcomes. Methods: This study was a pre-/post-intervention retrospective chart review of prehospital care reports (PCRs). Adult patients who received chemical sedation in the form of IM ketamine for agitated behaviors were included. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the standard IM ketamine dose of 4mg/kg and the lower IM dose of 3mg/kg with the option for an additional 1mg/kg if required. Primary outcomes included intubation and hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included emergency department (ED) length of stay, additional chemical or physical restraints, assaults on prehospital or ED employees, and documented adverse events. Results: The standard dose cohort consisted of 211 patients. The lower dose cohort consisted of 81 patients, 17 of whom received supplemental ketamine administration. Demographics did not significantly differ between the cohorts (mean age 35.14 versus 35.65 years; P = .484; and 67.8% versus 65.4% male; P = .89). Lower dose subjects were administered a lower ketamine dose (mean 3.24mg/kg) compared to the standard dose cohort (mean 3.51mg/kg). There was no statistically significant difference between the cohorts in intubation rate (14.2% versus 18.5%; P = .455), ED length of stay (14.31 versus 14.88 hours; P = .118), need for additional restraint and sedation (P = .787), or admission rate (26.1% versus 25.9%; P = .677). In the lower dose cohort, 41.2% (7/17) of patients who received supplemental ketamine doses were intubated, a higher rate than the patients in this cohort who did not receive supplemental ketamine (8/64, 12.5%; P <.01). Conclusion: Access to effective, fast-acting chemical sedation is paramount for prehospital providers. No significant outcomes differences existed when a lower dose IM ketamine protocol was implemented for prehospital chemical sedation. Patients who received a second dose of ketamine had a significant increase in intubation rate. A lower dose protocol may be considered for an agitation protocol to limit the amount of medication administered to a population of high-risk patients.
Sialadenitis of Unknown Etiology

Most sialadenitis is attributed to infection, obstruction, or underlying autoimmunity; however, there are several rare processes affecting the salivary glands without clear etiology. We review the available literature, specifically addressing presentation, evaluation, and treatment. Juvenile recurrent parotitis is a typically self-limiting entity occurring in school-age children and may be benefitted by sialendoscopy. Sclerosing polycystic adenosis is a rare cystic disorder of major salivary glands, diagnosed, and treated through surgery. Inflammatory pseudotumor is thought to be an abnormal focal immune response, mimicking a neoplasm. Rosai-Dorfman and Kimura diseases are considered lymphoproliferative disorders, and amyloidosis is a rare protein deposition disorder; all of which can affect the salivary glands. Unusual clinical entities should be considered for atypical or persistent sialadenitis of unknown etiology. Work-up generally includes biopsy for histologic diagnosis. Treatment is typically supportive and/or related to treating associated systemic disease. Surgical excision is reserved to establish diagnosis, for severe/refractory cases, or when malignancy is suspected.
Echocardiographic Ischemic Memory Molecular Imaging for Point-of-Care Detection of Myocardial Ischemia

Abstract Background Noninvasive molecular imaging of recent ischemia can potentially be used to diagnose acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with high accuracy. Objectives The authors hypothesized that b...
A Pause on the Way

We have travelled a long and twisting path in our reconsideration of religious thinking in light of the thinking of Heidegger. We would do well at this point to pause on our way and take stock of the changes in horizon that we have wrought — of where we have been and of where we are going.
Microspatial sampling reveals cryptic influences on gene flow in a threatened mammal

We studied the population structure and historical demography of the last remaining core population of the threatened southeastern beach mouse (SEBM; Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) located on a federally protected barrier island complex at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Florida, USA. Beach mice (N = 171) were collected from 33 trapping locations along 30 km of coastline on KSC/MINWR/CCAFS and were genotyped using 10 microsatellite loci. We found four genetic clusters of mice that likely form a metapopulation. Gene flow among clusters, assessed using assignment tests, was limited suggesting that human development can serve to inhibit dispersal of beach mice. However, when the presence of roads were examined as possible barriers to movement, gene flow appeared to be facilitated suggesting that removal of thick vegetation along roadsides increases movement. We used approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to estimate divergence time among clusters and effective population sizes for each cluster and for the pre-divergence population. Results of ABC analyses suggest that barriers to movement likely formed following the construction of the John F. Kennedy Space Center beginning in the 1960s but that this has not heavily impacted the effective size of populations. Pre-divergence and contemporary effective sizes are similar, thus, population sizes likely remained relatively large over the last 50–100 years. The population of SEBM on KSC/MINWR/CCAFS appears to be a genetically diverse core population and individuals from this population will most likely be good candidates for any future reintroduction and translocation programs.
Smoking and cognitive functioning at older ages: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

Abstract It has long been established that smoking has detrimental health effects on the human body and leads to early mortality. However, the evidence regarding the link between smoking behavior and cognitive function in old age is mixed. While nicotine has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in some medical studies, current smokers typically perform worse than non-smokers on cognitive tests in population based studies. We use the Health and Retirement Study to evaluate the role of unobserved factors in explaining these conflicting findings. Results from individual fixed effects models show that much of the lower cognitive function of current and former smokers relative to never smokers can be attributed to unobserved differences between these groups.
Can Users Perceive Minimally Material Weekly Patterns and Anomalies in Embedded Income Statement Sparklines

We design income statement displays containing both annual data and sparklines of weekly data, and then test the ability of 138 accounting student subjects to detect experimental effects of only minimally material size when performing three tasks: anomaly detection; pattern recognition; and relating changes in one income statement item to another. Despite sparklines’ small size and low aspect ratios, subjects performed all three tasks successfully the majority of the time. Our results support the feasibility of using sparklines as a method of displaying large amounts of interim data in a compact form.
Natural History of Primary Autoimmune Neutropenia in Infancy

Five patients with primary autoimmune neutropenia were evaluated during their first 2 years of life. Their illness resolved spontaneously after 6 to 41 months (median 13 months), and the patients were subsequently followed for 13 to 73 months (median 28 months). None required immunosuppressive therapy to induce remission, and routine antibiotic therapy adequately controlled all infectious episodes. An increased rate of infection, particularly otitis media and upper respiratory tract infection, occurred during the neutropenic period. No other noninfectious illnesses, particularly no other autoimmune diseases, were reported in any of these patients at any time. In each case, resolution of neutropenia paralleled the disappearance of neutrophil autoantibodies which were specific for the NA1 antigen. This report describes the clinical and laboratory findings and the long-term history of primary autoimmune neutropenia in these five patients.