cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered Prefrontal Cortex Function Marks Heightened Anxiety Risk in Children

Objective Anxiety disorders are prevalent and cause substantial disability. An important risk factor for anxiety disorders is inhibited temperament, the tendency to be shy and to avoid new situations. Inhibited adults have heightened amygdala activation and less flexible engagement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, it remains unknown whether these brain alterations are present in inhibited children before the onset of anxiety disorders. Method A total of 37 children (18 inhibited and 19 uninhibited), 8 to 10 years of age, completed a task testing anticipation and viewing of threat stimuli and social stimuli in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Brain activation and functional connectivity were measured. Results During the anticipation of threat stimuli, inhibited children failed to show the robust PFC engagement observed in the uninhibited children. In contrast, when viewing social stimuli, inhibited children had increased medial PFC and dorsolateral PFC activation. Connectivity analyses revealed a pattern of reduced connectivity between prefrontal and limbic regions and among distinct PFC regions in the inhibited group. The medial PFC emerged as a key hub of the altered PFC circuitry in inhibited children. Conclusion This study provides new evidence of a neural signature of vulnerability to anxiety disorders. By investigating both anticipation and response to images, we identified that high-risk, inhibited children have widespread alterations in PFC function and connectivity, characterized by an inability to proactively prepare for social threat combined with heightened reactivity to social stimuli. Thus, children at high risk for anxiety show significantly altered prefrontal cortical function and connectivity before the onset of anxiety disorders.
Jaal: Engineering a High Quality All-Quadrilateral Mesh Generator

In this paper, we describe the implementation of an open source code (Jaal) for producing a high quality, isotropic all-quadrilateral mesh for an arbitrary complex surface geometry. Two basic steps in this process are: (1) Triangle to quad mesh conversion using Suneeta Ramaswamy’s tree matching algorithm and (2) Global mesh cleanup operation using Guy Bunin’s one-defect remeshing to reduce irregular nodes in the mesh.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalization: Enantioselective Coupling of Indolines and 1,3-Dienes

We communicate a strategy for the hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-dienes via Rh-hydride catalysis. Conjugated dienes are coupled to nucleophiles to demonstrate the feasibility of novel C–C, C–O, C–S, and C–N bond forming processes. In the presence of a chiral JoSPOphos ligand, hydroamination generates chiral allylic amines with high regio- and enantioselectivity. Tuning both the pKa and steric properties of an acid-additive is critical for enantiocontrol.
Nasal and Nasoethmoidal-Orbital Fractures: A Continuum of Injury:

The unilateral nasoethmoid orbital (NOE) fracture is frequently misdiagnosed. This fracture is independent of the clinically obvious NOE fracture and has alternately been referred to as complex nas...
Platforms: Benthic Flux Landers

Reactions within seafloor sediments and exchange of solutes between sediment pore waters and bottom waters play critical roles in determining chemical cycling in marine ecosystems. The complexity of flow–organism–particle–solute interactions at the sediment–water interface limited early studies of these important processes. Bottom lander technology has been developed in the last several decades that perform a wide variety of in situ sampling procedures and incubation experiments at the seafloor. Specific advances include the development and deployment of microelectrode and optode chemical sensing technologies to obtain high-resolution estimates of chemical gradients across the sediment–water interface and in situ benthic flux chambers to directly measure seafloor exchange. Emerging new technologies include devices that can examine exchange processes following the physical disturbance of surface sediments and the use of direct chemical and bottom water vertical velocity measurements to estimate seafloor chemical exchange. These capabilities have greatly improved our understanding of the benthic processes and habitats.
Improving Datacenter Efficiency

Internet companies can improve datacenter efficiency and reduce costs, by minimizing resource waste while avoiding (or limiting) performance degradation. In this talk, I will first overview a few of the efficiency-related efforts we are undertaking at Microsoft, including leveraging workload history to improve resource management. I will then discuss some lessons from deploying these efforts in production and how they relate to academic research.
The Tule Springs local fauna: Rancholabrean vertebrates from the Las Vegas Formation, Nevada

Abstract A middle to late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence in the upper Las Vegas Wash, north of Las Vegas, Nevada, has yielded the largest open-site Rancholabrean vertebrate fossil assemblage in the southern Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. Recent paleontologic field studies have led to the discovery of hundreds of fossil localities and specimens, greatly extending the geographic and temporal footprint of original investigations in the early 1960s. The significance of the deposits and their entombed fossils led to the preservation of 22,650 acres of the upper Las Vegas Wash as Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument. These discoveries also warrant designation of the assemblage as a local fauna, named for the site of the original paleontologic studies at Tule Springs. The large mammal component of the Tule Springs local fauna is dominated by remains of Mammuthus columbi as well as Camelops hesternus , along with less common remains of Equus (including E. scotti ) and Bison . Large carnivorans including Canis dirus , Smilodon fatalis , and Panthera atrox are also recorded. Micromammals, amphibians, lizards, snakes, birds, invertebrates, plant macrofossils, and pollen also occur in the deposits and provide important and complementary paleoenvironmental information. The fauna occurs within the Las Vegas Formation, an extensive and stratigraphically complex sequence of groundwater discharge deposits that represent a mosaic of desert wetland environments. Radiometric and luminescence dating indicates the sequence spans the last ∼570 ka, and records hydrologic changes in a dynamic and temporally congruent response to northern hemispheric abrupt climatic oscillations. The vertebrate fauna occurs in multiple stratigraphic horizons in this sequence, with ages of the fossils spanning from ∼100 to ∼12.5 ka.
Speed of exposure to rapid cold hardening and genotype drive the level of acclimation response in Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract Comparing methodologies that attempt to mimic natural conditions is important when evaluating thermal tolerances of ectotherms, as exposing animals to different artificial thermal regimes may provide conflicting information of an insect's thermal profile. Rapid cold hardening (RCH) occurs in ectotherms and typically increases survivorship to extreme cold exposure through a short, pre-treatment to a non-lethal cold temperature. Here we assess survivorship in a set of genotypes from the Drosophila melanogaster Reference Panel for direct and ramping RCH pre-treatments at cooling rates occurring under more natural conditions (0.1 °C/min and 0.5 °C/min) in combination with a direct and ramped rewarming treatment post cold exposure. We find that all three pre-treatment exposures alone significantly increase survivorship. We find significant correlations in survivorship among treatments across genotypes, suggesting that regardless of the pre-treatment, individuals of a given genotype have an innate level of acclimation. When rewarming is introduced, survivorship significantly decreased relative to pre-treatment alone and correlations of survival between phenotypes were not significant. Our results suggest that rewarming and slow RCH are costly to survival while a quicker RCH may impart physiological benefits more consistently across genotypes.
Intelligence, Soviet Dialectics and American Psychometrics; Implications for the Evaluation of Learning Disabilities

Until recently, American research in child psychology and special education has been widely influenced by a conception of intellectual process often referred to as the “psychometric perspective.” Although considerable variation in the definition of intelligence has always existed among psychologists (Guilford, 1967; Terman, 1916; Spearman, 1927) sharing this perspective, a number of beliefs about the nature of intelligence are common to most psychometric views. Specifically, man is assumed to have some general ability to adapt to changing circumstances in his environment. This general ability to adapt is presumed to vary both within individuals over time and between individuals at any given point in their lives. Furthermore, this adaptive ability and its variations are assumed to be measurable and quantifiable; and individuals may then be at least roughly ordered along a purely quantitative continuum from those who adapt best to those who adapt most poorly.
Las relaciones sexuales, encuesta a los estudiantes de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona (20 a 27 años)

El proposito de la encuesta sobre sexualidad es valorar las actitudes, las practicas y el nivel de conocimientos de los universitarios de entre 20 a 27 anos e identifi car si hay diferencias por la edad y la actividad sexual en comparacion con otras encuestas. El estudio comprende una muestra de 838 estudiantes que realizaban tercero o cuarto curso de Humanidades. Las diferencias de las respuestas entre hombres y mujeres se testaron con la χ2 de Pearson. El estudio establece que conducta, conocimientos, actitudes y practicas varian en funcion del sexo. La edad de las primeras relaciones sexuales esta alrededor de los 15,4 anos y no se obtienen diferencias estadisticamente signifi cativas entre ambos sexos. El despertar del interes sexual se produce a los 13,5 anos, pero se obtienen diferencias estadisticamente signifi cativas entre los sexos, en los varones es de 12,7 y en las mujeres de 13,7 anos. Los estudiantes que se declaran sexualmente activos manifi estan que sus relaciones son satisfactorias e importantes para su equilibrio personal. Mayoritariamente manifi estan haber utilizado metodos anticonceptivos en su ultima relacion y en la misma proporcion afi rman utilizar preservativos como medio para evitar la transmision de ETS. Hay un 21% de los universitarios que no utiliza ningun medio para evitar las ETS. Nuestra conclusion es que tanto el conocimiento como las actitudes de los estudiantes requieren programas de educacion sexual en los estudios de secundaria
Processing polymer matrix composites for blast protection

Abstract: This chapter discusses the use of polymer composites for blast protection applications. The background of polymer composites is introduced together with the manufacturing processes. Of the many possible technologies available to fabricate blast resistance polymer composites, the liquid composites molding (LCM) processes are discussed in the greatest detail. The chapter then reviews the modeling of LCM in terms of the flow physics of resin flow in porous media, the corresponding heat and mass transfer issues, and modeling the resin cure. Since the permeability of fiber preforms is a very important parameter needed for simulating mold-filling in LCM, the permeability measurement is reviewed in detail as well.
The Membrane-Associated Cytoskeleton and Exoskeleton

The shape and organization of the plasma membrane are influenced not only by the lipid bilayer and its integral membrane proteins, but also by structures lying either just inside or just outside of the cell that provide a scaffolding for the membrane. Structures that interact closely with the extracellular face of the membrane may act as an “exoskeleton.” Structures on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane are generally considered to be part of the “cytoskeleton.” A subset of the cytoskeleton that associates primarily or exclusively with the plasma membrane has been termed the “membrane skeleton.” This chapter considers the biochemistry and morphology of the exoskeleton and of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton, how these two macromolecular complexes interact with the plasma membrane, and finally, how they interact with each other through receptors located in the plasma membrane. A major emphasis is placed on the role of these complexes in forming distinct membrane domains, enriched in particular integral membrane proteins with specific biological functions.
Association between N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide levels, glomerular filtration rate, and heart failure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background This study examined the complementary prognostic role of NT-proBNP and eGFR for predicting heart failure (HF) in adults with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined as eGFR Methods We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a cohort of 6814 adults without baseline clinical cardiovascular disease. Five-year risk prediction of HF based on clinical HF risk variables (HFRV) plus NT-proBNP, eGFR or both was assessed using the C-statistic and the net reclassification index (NRI) after stratifying by CKD status. Results Mean age at baseline was 62.3±10.3 years and CKD were present in 5.9%. A total of 39 and 180 HF events occurred in participants with and without CKD, respectively. Among adults with CKD, the C-statistic for HF risk prediction increased significantly (P =0.04) from 0.71 (95% CI 0.64, 0.78) with HFRV alone to 0.78 (95% CI 0.71, 0.85) with addition of NT-proBNP. In the non-CKD group, the C-statistic increased from 0.77 (95% CI 0.74, 0.80) with HFRV alone to 0.83 (95% CI 0.80, 0.85) with addition of NT-proBNP. Further addition of eGFR to the model did not alter the C-statistic regardless of CKD status. NRI improved by 23.1% and 10.2% in CKD and non-CKD, respectively, with the addition of NT-proBNP alone and findings were similar when both eGFR and NT-proBNP were both added to model. Conclusions In adults without clinical cardiovascular disease, the addition of NT-proBNP but not eGFR to established HFRV improves HF risk prediction in adults with and without CKD.
Improving Cell Resistance and Cycle Life with Solvate-Coated Thiophosphate Solid Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries.

Solid electrolytes (SEs) have become a practical option for lithium ion and lithium metal batteries because of their improved safety over commercially available ionic liquids. The most promising of the SEs are the thiophosphates, whose excellent ionic conductivities at room temperature are comparable to those of commercially utilized ionic liquids. Hybrid solid–liquid electrolytes exhibit higher ionic conductivities than their bare SE counterparts because of decreased grain boundary resistance, enhanced interfacial contact with electrodes, and decreased degradation at the interface. In this study, we add lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide and a highly fluorinated ether solvate electrolyte to the surface of Li7P3S11 (LPS) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) pellets and evaluate their overall cell resistance in Li–Li symmetric cells relative to their bare Li/SE/Li counterparts. Time-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows an order of magnitude lower cell resistance for LGPS-solvate than for bare L...
Ugo Betti: Il giudice giudicato:

Nella tesi di laurea intitolata Il diritto e la rivoluzione, difesa alla vigilia dello scoppio della Grande Guerra, Ugo Betti gia si orientava verso istanze sociali rielaborate secondo una dialetti...
Differences in Kinetics, Kinematics and Muscle Activation Strategies in Male and Female Team Sport Athletes During Unanticipated Sidestepping

The purpose of this study was to compare kinetics, kinematics and muscle activation strategies between male and female collegiate level athletes during unanticipated sidestepping tasks to further the understanding of sex-specific differences in injury incidence and their potential influence on ACL injury risk. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces and surface electromyography of eight lower limb muscles were recorded during unanticipated sidestepping in 20 male soccer and 17 female field hockey National Collegiate Athletics Association Division 1 athletes. Trunk, hip and knee kinematics, knee joint moments, total muscle activation (TMA: knee, gluteal, quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemii) and directed co-contraction ratios (DCCR) were compared between groups with two-sample t tests. No sex differences were observed for peak frontal and transverse plane knee moments (P > 0.05), however males had 10% greater knee flexion moments (P = 0.047). Females had lower hip flexion and abduction and greater hip internal rotation angles than males likely concomitant with the 30% reduction in gluteal TMA (P < 0.05). Females had lower quadriceps TMA during pre-contact and weight acceptance and higher hamstrings TMA during weight acceptance (P < 0.05). Group averages for DCCR were not representative of individual patterns, where the majority of males were quadriceps dominant compared with females. Female and male team sport athletes display similar frontal and transverse plane knee moments, however their ability to support/counter the load applied (i.e., muscle activations strategies) to the knee joint differed.
Shear Stress in Bone Marrow has a Dose Dependent Effect on cFos Gene Expression in In Situ Culture.

Mechanical stimulation of bone is necessary to maintain its mass and architecture. Osteocytes within the mineralized matrix are sensors of mechanical deformation of the hard tissue, and communicate with cells in the marrow to regulate bone remodeling. However, marrow cells are also subjected to mechanical stress during whole bone loading, and may contribute to mechanically regulated bone physiology. Previous results from our laboratory suggest that mechanotransduction in marrow cells is sufficient to cause bone formation in the absence of osteocyte signaling. In this study, we investigated whether bone formation and altered marrow cell gene expression response to stimulation was dependent on the shear stress imparted on the marrow by our loading regime. Porcine trabecular bone explants were cultured in an in situ bioreactor for 5 or 28 days with stimulation twice daily. Gene expression and bone formation were quantified and compared to unstimulated controls. Correlation was used to assess the dependence on shear stress imparted by the loading regime calculated using computational fluid dynamics models. Vibratory stimulation resulted in a higher trabecular bone formation rate (p = 0.01) and a greater increase in bone volume fraction (p = 0.02) in comparison to control explants. Marrow cell expression of cFos increased with the calculated marrow shear stress in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.002). The results suggest that the shear stress due to interactions between marrow cells induces a mechanobiological response. Identification of marrow cell mechanotransduction pathways is essential to understand healthy and pathological bone adaptation and remodeling.
Detection of cardiac transplant rejection with 111In-labeled lymphocytes and gamma scintigraphy

Background Cardiac transplantation is an increasingly important treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. Rejection is one of the major limitations, and currently, serial endomyocardial biopsies are required to diagnose rejection. In the year after transplantation, patients routinely undergo 12, 14, or more biopsies. Infiltration of lymphocytes into the graft is a central feature of rejection. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting early rejection noninvasively with gamma scintigraphy after administration of autologous lymphocytes labeled with 111 In. Methods and Results Eight patients were studied at the time of routine biopsy an average of 4.5 months after cardiac transplantation. Autologous lymphocytes were isolated and labeled with 111 In. Forty-eight to 72 hours later, patients underwent planar scintigraphic imaging. Myocardial accumulation of labeled lymphocytes was quantified (indium excess, IE) with a previously described and validated technique. Animal studies have shown that an IE <0.07 is associated with rejection. Two of four patients with biopsy grade 0 or 1A rejection had no excess accumulation of labeled lymphocytes. The other two patients with biopsy grade 0 or IA had an average IE of 0.13±0.04 (SD), which may actually represent the higher sensitivity of the scintigraphic approach, since the whole myocardium is interrogated. All four patients with biopsy grade 1B rejection had increased accumulation of labeled lymphocytes (IE=0.18±0.06, P=.06 compared with all patients with grade 0 or 1A biopsies). Conclusions The development of a sensitive, specific, and noninvasive method of diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection in humans might obviate the need for endomyocardial biopsy as well as improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The results suggest that scintigraphic detection of labeled lymphocytes is a promising approach for the noninvasive detection of cardiac transplant rejection. In addition, the approach should permit the assessment of the efficacy of antirejection therapy.
Quantitative encapsulation and retention of 227Th and decay daughters in core-shell lanthanum phosphate nanoparticles.

Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) offers great promise for treating recalcitrant tumors and micrometastatic cancers. One drawback of TAT is the potential damage to normal tissues and organs due to the relocation of decay daughters from the treatment site. The present study evaluates La(227Th)PO4 core (C) and core +2 shells (C2S) nanoparticles (NPs) as a delivery platform of 227Th to minimize systemic distribution of decay daughters, 223Ra and 211Pb. In vitro retention of decay daughters within La(227Th)PO4 C NPs was influenced by the concentration of reagents used during synthesis, in which the leakage of 223Ra was between 0.4 ± 0.2% and 20.3 ± 1.1% in deionized water. Deposition of two nonradioactive LaPO4 shells onto La(227Th)PO4 C NPs increased the retention of decay daughters to >99.75%. The toxicity of the nonradioactive LaPO4 C and C2S NP delivery platforms was examined in a mammalian breast cancer cell line, BT-474. No significant decrease in cell viability was observed for a monolayer of BT-474 cells for NP concentrations below 233.9 μg mL−1, however cell viability decreased below 60% when BT-474 spheroids were incubated with either LaPO4 C or C2S NPs at concentrations exceeding 29.2 μg mL−1. La(227Th)PO4 C2S NPs exhibit a high encapsulation and in vitro retention of radionuclides with limited contribution to cellular cytotoxicity for TAT applications.
Reviews on the development of the theory of logistic support of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

The existing separate arms theory and the theory of the Logistics of the Armed Forces as components of military science lose their functional purpose as partial theories in modern conditions of operations (combat actions).The article proposes a unified theory of logistics of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, based on the existing theories of armament and the logistics of the Armed Forces, based on the general laws and established consistent patterns, trends, principles, forms and methods of the use of the logistics of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The objective function of the logistics system of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is formulated, which is to achieve compliance of the capabilities of this system with the predicted volume of tasks of the logistics. In order to implement this compliance it is necessary to ensure the convergence of requirements and capabilities at all levels of logistics management.The purpose of the article is to determine the main provisions of the new unified theory of logistics of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine taking into account modern forms and methods of conducting operations (combat actions), requirements concerning the formation of a unified logistics system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and logistic support, created management bodies, forces and assets of military units (formations) logistics of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The assessment of the functioning of the Air Forces logistics system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is proposed on the basis of the stated views on the logistics theory of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine by assessing the set of real capabilities of each subsystem that is the part of its structure and system as a whole. At the same time, the assessment of the quality of the logistic support of the military units (formations) of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be related to the level of implementation of the potential capabilities of the logistics system when solving problems of each subsystem at the stages of combat training, unblocking and operational deployment, preparation and conduct of operations (combat actions), restoration of combat capability of troops (forces).
ABAC-CC: Attribute-Based Access Control and Communication Control for Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the capabilities of the Internet with billions of connected devices in the cyberspace. These devices are commonly referred to as smart things enabling smart environments, such as Smart Home, Smart Health, Smart Transportation, and overall Smart Communities, together with key enabling technologies like Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Security and privacy are major concerns for today's diverse autonomous IoT ecosystem. Autonomous things and a large amount of data associated with things have fueled significant research in IoT access control and privacy in both academia and industry. To enable futuristic IoT with sustainable growth, dynamic access and communication control framework that adequately addresses security and privacy issues in IoT is inevitable. In this paper, we analyze the access and communication control requirements in Cloud-Enabled IoT (CE-IoT) and propose an attribute-based framework for access control and communication control, known as ABAC-CC, to secure accesses and communications (data flow) between various entities in the IoT architecture. We also introduce a novel Attribute-Based Communication Control (ABCC) model, which focuses on securing communications and data flow in IoT and enables users to define privacy policies using attributes of various entities. Furthermore, we analyze the applicability of ABAC-CC in specific IoT application domains, and finally, we present future research directions in the context of Cloud and Edge computing enabled IoT platforms.
Toward cross-platform electronic health record-driven phenotyping using Clinical Quality Language

Introduction Electronic health record (EHR)-driven phenotyping is a critical first step in generating biomedical knowledge from EHR data. Despite recent progress, current phenotyping approaches are manual, time-consuming, error-prone, and platform-specific. This results in duplication of effort and highly variable results across systems and institutions, and is not scalable or portable. In this work, we investigate how the nascent Clinical Quality Language (CQL) can address these issues and enable high-throughput, cross-platform phenotyping. Methods We selected a clinically validated heart failure (HF) phenotype definition and translated it into CQL, then developed a CQL execution engine to integrate with the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) platform. We executed the phenotype definition at two large academic medical centers, Northwestern Medicine and Weill Cornell Medicine, and conducted results verification (n = 100) to determine precision and recall. We additionally executed the same phenotype definition against two different data platforms, OHDSI and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), using the same underlying dataset and compared the results. Results CQL is expressive enough to represent the HF phenotype definition, including Boolean and aggregate operators, and temporal relationships between data elements. The language design also enabled the implementation of a custom execution engine with relative ease, and results verification at both sites revealed that precision and recall were both 100%. Cross-platform execution resulted in identical patient cohorts generated by both data platforms. Conclusions CQL supports the representation of arbitrarily complex phenotype definitions, and our execution engine implementation demonstrated cross-platform execution against two widely used clinical data platforms. The language thus has the potential to help address current limitations with portability in EHR-driven phenotyping and scale in learning health systems.
Case Studies in Maxillofacial Reconstruction Using Osseointegrated Implants

SUMMARY The use of osseointegration to enhance support, stability, and retention for the prosthesis in head and neck reconstruction has overcome many of the conventional limitations. This advance has improved the overall clinical results in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation and has significantly improved the quality of life for our patients. The key elements to success are careful planning and good communication between the oral surgeon and prosthodontist prior to implant placement.
HISTÓRIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES ESCOLARES RURAIS MULTISSERIADAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CONCÓRDIA:: Levantamento de fontes documentais e orais (3° etapa)

Este trabalho apresenta a sistematizacao e analise dos dados da pesquisadesenvolvida de 2016 a 2019, que teve por objetivo investigar a historia dasinstituicoes escolares rurais multisseridas de Concordia, no contexto socioeconomicopolitico em que se inserem, a fim de identificar e analisar as caracteristicas,transformacoes e dificuldades de sua existencia na atualidade. A metodologiacontemplou pesquisa bibliografica, documental e de campo. Em suma, os resultadosevidenciam a trajetoria das escolas nos aspectos organizacionais, administrativos epedagogicos, ao longo de mais de 80 anos de historia do municipio. O processo demunicipalizacao e nucleacao conduziram a desativacao das escolas, restando ativasem 2019 apenas duas.
Physics of the Inner Ejecta

Eta Carinae’s inner ejecta are dominated observationally by the bright Weigelt blobs and their famously rich spectra of nebular emission and absorption lines. They are dense (n e ∼ 107–108 cm− 3), warm (T e ∼ 6,000–7,000 K) and slow moving ( ∼ 40 km s− 1) condensations of mostly neutral (H0) gas. Located within 1,000 AU of the central star, they contain heavily CNO-processed material that was ejected from the star about a century ago. Outside the blobs, the inner ejecta include absorption-line clouds with similar conditions, plus emission-line gas that has generally lower densities and a wider range of speeds (reaching a few hundred km s− 1) compared to the blobs. The blobs appear to contain a negligible amount of dust and have a nearly dust-free view of the central source, but our view across the inner ejecta is severely affected by uncertain amounts of dust having a patchy distribution in the foreground. Emission lines from the inner ejecta are powered by photoionization and fluorescent processes. The variable nature of this emission, occurring in a 5.54years “event” cycle, requires specific changes to the incident flux that hold important clues to the nature of the central object.
The A3 cytoplasm mediated male sterility increased biomass, soluble solids, and total sugar in sweet sorghum hybrids

Abstract Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is listed as one of the viable high energy crops for use as feedstock in biofuel production and table sugar industry. Research has shown that eliminating the grain sink can remarkably increase stalk sugar buildup through reducing competition for assimilate. The objective of this study was to explore the opportunity for deploying the A3 cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system to achieve hybrid sterility and thereby increase sugar yield. Four seed parents in the A1 and A3 CMS systems were intercrossed with 10 diverse sweet sorghum lines to create 80 hybrids, 40 each in A1 (fertile) and A3 (sterile) backgrounds. All of the hybrids and their parents were evaluated in single row plot in three replicates across three environments using a randomized complete block design. Heads from all A3 hybrid rows were covered before anthesis to avoid seed set from random pollen. Data were collected on days to flowering and lodging on plot basis. At maturity, the entire above ground part in a one-meter section of each plot were harvested for measuring °Brix value, juice, biomass, and sugar yields. Significant differences were obtained among the hybrid entries, and between the A1 and A3 CMS systems for all biofuel traits. The A3 hybrids had 27, 29, 25 and 57 % higher °Brix value, biomass, juice yield and total sugar, respectively, than their corresponding A1 hybrids. They were also more resistant to stalk lodging. In conclusion, sterile sweet sorghum hybrids can be deployed using the A3 CMS system to allow accumulation of more biomass and sugar in the stalk.
Autophagy-dependent TOR reactivation drives fungal growth in living host rice cells

Eukaryotic filamentous plant pathogens with biotrophic growth stages like the devastating hemibiotrophic rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae grow for extended periods in living host plant cells without eliciting defense responses. M. oryzae elaborates invasive hyphae (IH) that grow in and between living rice cells while separated from host cytoplasm by plant-derived membrane interfaces. However, although critical to the plant infection process, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic strategies underpinning this intracellular growth phase are poorly understood. Eukaryotic cell growth depends on activated target-of-rapamycin (TOR) kinase signaling, which inhibits autophagy. Here, using live-cell imaging coupled with plate growth tests and RNAseq, proteomic, quantitative phosphoproteomics and metabolic approaches, we show how cycles of autophagy in IH modulate TOR reactivation via -ketoglutarate to sustain biotrophic growth and maintain biotrophic interfacial membrane integrity in host rice cells. Deleting the M. oryzae serine-threonine protein kinase Rim15-encoding gene attenuated biotrophic growth, disrupted interfacial membrane integrity and abolished the in planta autophagic cycling we observe here for the first time in wild type.{Delta} rim15 was also impaired for glutaminolysis and depleted for -ketoglutarate. -ketoglutarate treatment of{Delta} rim15-infected leaf sheaths remediated{Delta} rim15 biotrophic growth. In WT, -ketoglutarate treatment suppressed autophagy. -ketoglutarate signaling is amino acid prototrophy- and GS-GOGAT cycle-dependent. We conclude that, following initial IH elaboration, cycles of Rim15- dependent autophagic flux liberate -ketoglutarate - via the GS-GOGAT cycle - as an amino acid-sufficiency signal to trigger TOR reactivation and promote fungal biotrophic growth in nutrient-restricted host rice cells.
Ectomycoremediation: An Eco-Friendly Technique for the Remediation of Polluted Sites

The remediation of soils contaminated with various anthropogenic recalcitrant chemicals is a global problem that consumes considerable economic resources. Phytoremediation, the application of plants for the cleanup of polluted environments, uses the natural ability of plants to extract chemicals from water, soil, and air driven by photosynthesis and represents a cost-effective alternative to more established, but ecologically harmful, conventional treatment practices, such as land-filling, excavation, or incineration. Particularly, fast growing trees are promising candidates for phytoremediation due to their high biomass production, their high transpiration activity, their potential for genetic engineering, and their capability to form ectomycorrhizal associations with mutualistic fungi. Ectomycoremediation – the remediation of contaminated soils by plants and their associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities – takes into consideration that ectomycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous in soils and play a key role in the root rhizosphere of trees, and can substantially affect the capability of plants and their associated microbial communities to remediate contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are able to indirectly affect phytoremediation by increasing the plant´s ability to withstand soil phytotoxicity due to their positive effect on plant nutrition and abiotic stress resistance. Furthermore, the extraradical mycelium of the fungus acts as an extension of the root system and forms with the ectomycorrhizosphere, a niche for diverse microbial communities and their activities far beyond the root rhizosphere. Ectomycorrhizal fungi also produce a variety of degradative enzymes and can also be directly involved in the biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants, such as 2,4-D, PCBs, or TNT. This chapter highlights the synergistic interactions between plants and their fungal partners and provides an overview about our current knowledge on ectomycoremediation and its application for the remediation of contaminated sites.
Symptomatic Depression in Elderly Medical Outpatients: I. Prevalence, Demography, and Health Service Utilization

The authors assessed the prevalence and demography of depressive symptoms, their association with specific chronic diseases, and their influence on health service use in a large sample of elderly men seen in a primary care setting. Twenty-four percent of respondents reported clinically significant depressive symptoms; the prevalence of major depressive disorders was estimated at 10%, but only 1 % reported receiving mental health treatment by a specialist. Self-reported marital separation or divorce and physical disability affecting employment were strongly associated with high depression scores, whereas the normative stresses of aging (widowhood, retirement, social isolation) were not. Only chronic lung disease was differentially associated with high depression scores, and this effect was weak. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the design of comprehensive health services for the elderly with chronic disease.
Age as an independent risk factor for severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization.

PURPOSE. For many vascular diseases, aging appears to be an independent risk factor for severity of vascular complications, and blood vessels of aged individuals often demonstrate exaggerated repair responses to injury. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of aging on the severity of neovascularization in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS. CNV Was induced in young (2-month-old) and aged (16-month-old) C57BL/6 mice by making four separate choroidal burns in each eye with a diode red laser (650 nm). At 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the left eyes were removed for histopathology, and the right eyes were removed for flatmount analysis of CNV surface area, vascularity, and cellularity. RESULTS. Aged mice demonstrated a much larger area of CNV than did young mice (3.81 ± 1.28 vs. 1.36 ± 0.99 disc areas, P < 0.001) at 2 weeks, when the lesions showed maximum growth. Aged mice also demonstrated higher ratios for vascularity and cellularity of the CNV (1.34 ± 0.06 vs. 1.03 ± 0.11, P < 0.0001 and 4.06 ± 1.19 vs. 1.91 ± 0.81, P < 0.002 at 2 weeks, respectively). Histopathology revealed that CNV in older eyes was larger, thicker, and more cellular than in young eyes. CONCLUSIONS. In mice, age is associated with more severe CNV, denned as larger surface area, greater vascularity, and greater cellularity. Age-related systemic susceptibility factors, independent of local changes in the retina, may contribute to the greater severity of CNV in older than in younger individuals.
Cognitive Neuroscience of Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory

Publisher Summary The study of memory within cognitive neuroscience is an attempt to synthesize an account of both the fundamental mnemonic component processes and the neural basis of these processes. This chapter focuses on cognitive neuroscience of declarative and nondeclarative memory. Declarative memory refers to the acquisition and retrieval of facts, events, and episodes. A nearly synonymous term, explicit memory, emphasizes the fact that these types of memory are available to awareness—that is, one can consciously recall these memories during retrieval. The bulk of what is thought of as the ordinary, everyday operation of memory depends on declarative memory. The conventional use of the term memory generally refers to the retrieval process, but before memories can be retrieved, they have to be acquired (stored), and this process depends on the intact function of the MTL (medial temporal lobe). The terms nondeclarative and implicit memory are synonymous (but not completely). The chapter reviews the examples of this type of memory from a neuroanatomical perspective as nondeclarative memory. In different paradigms, nondeclarative memory phenomena have been shown to depend on a number of different brain regions, indicating that this type of memory is not a single coherent system, but is rather a collection of phenomena with different neural substrates.
DISSOLUTION AND PASSIVATION KINETICS OF Fe-Cr-Ni ALLOYS DURING LOCALIZED CORROSION

An artifical pit technique has been used to study the anodic and cathodic behavior of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys during localized corrosion in neutral chloride solutions. The active dissolution kinetics have been determined as a function of the concentration of the localized environment, and the conditions for passivation established. Platinum microelectrodes have been used to analyze the pit solutions. The cathodic behavior of a pit on type 304L stainless steel is dominated by copper ions dissolved in the pit. A high purity Fe-Cr-Ni alloy behaves like stainless steel if copper is separately dissolved in the pit environment. The variation of dissolution rate with concentration of corrosion products is used to show that localized corrosion can involve as many as five diffusion-coupled steady states. The stability of these states is discussed. 6 figures.
A full-wave analysis for microwave, planar, distributed discontinuities

A full-wave analysis is presented for modeling microwave, planar, distributed discontinuities. By choosing current-density basis functions that better match expected singular behavior of the current density near conductor edges, implementing a mode-matching method, and approximating the distributed discontinuity by a multi-step structure, this method is found to be more efficient for studying the characteristics of the distributed discontinuity than similar, previously-reported methods. A combination of scattering matrices is used to numerically approximate the behavior of the distributed discontinuity. Simulation results are given for some specific illustrations, which exhibit good agreement with other known work.
Examining the Role of Business Intelligence in Non-profit Organizations to Support Strategic Social Goals

Many non-profit organizations have prioritized the need to be transparent in operating procedures, allocation of funds, and the impact of programs aimed at reducing social issues. In an effort to support this practical business need, we highlight how non-profits utilize information systems (IS) to support their strategic social goals through a case study. We examine business intelligence (BI) practices at a United Way affiliate that created new knowledge on the impact of its programs in the community. The United Way affiliate derived value from the organization's utilization of an integrated data system which provided visual and spatial map analyses and traditional analytical reports. We examine the relationship between BI-facilitated intellectual capital and its resultant impact on the non-profit's social goal. Lastly, we discuss lessons learned and provide recommendations for other non-profit organizations engaging in BI practices.
Conjugate Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated p‐Toluenesulfonylhydrazones to Alkenes with Catecholborane: 5β‐Cholest‐3‐Ene

Conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated p-toluenesulfonylhydrazones to alkenes with catecholborane: 5β-cholest-3-ene intermediate: cholest-4-en-3-one p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone product: 5β-cholest-3-ene product: C6H5CH2CHCHCH3 product: C6H5CH2CHCH2 product: (CH3)2CHCHCHCH3 product: CH3(CH2)3CHCCHCH3 product: CH3CHCCHC6H5 byproduct: 5β-cholestane byproduct: 5α-cholestane byproduct: 5α-cholest-3-ene Keywords: enamine or imine formation; rearrangements; reduction, miscellaneous
A Practical Introduction to Software Design with C

What Is Object-Oriented Design? A Simple Example of Object-Oriented Design. Implementing an Object-Oriented Design. How to Use C++ Effectively. Designing with Inheritance. Design Notations. Using Object-Oriented Libraries. Debugging and Testing. Graphical Application Concepts. Designing Graphical Applications. User-Interface Design. Creating Object Libraries. Design Patterns. Multiple-Processs Programming. Software Engineering. Writing Larger Systems. Appendices. Index.
Compensating for Annotation Errors in Training a Relation Extractor

The well-studied supervised Relation Extraction algorithms require training data that is accurate and has good coverage. To obtain such a gold standard, the common practice is to do independent double annotation followed by adjudication. This takes significantly more human effort than annotation done by a single annotator. We do a detailed analysis on a snapshot of the ACE 2005 annotation files to understand the differences between single-pass annotation and the more expensive nearly three-pass process, and then propose an algorithm that learns from the much cheaper single-pass annotation and achieves a performance on a par with the extractor trained on multi-pass annotated data. Furthermore, we show that given the same amount of human labor, the better way to do relation annotation is not to annotate with high-cost quality assurance, but to annotate more.
Peptide histidine isoleucine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide cause relaxation of opossum internal anal sphincter via two distinct receptors.

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the nature of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors, and to examine the role of PHI in internal anal sphincter (IAS) relaxation. The studies were performed on opossums anesthetized with α-chloralose. The pressures in the IAS were recorded using continuously perfused catheters. The IAS responses to PHI analogues, PHI-27, PHM-27, PHI-(14-27)-NH 2 , PHI-(1-13), to VIP, to rectal balloon distention, sacral nerve stimulation, and local intramural stimulation were evaluated before and after PHI(14-27)-NH 2 , PHI tachyphylaxis, and the VIP antagonists [4 Cl-D-Phe 6 , Leu 17 ] VIP (VIP analogue) and (N-Ac-Tyr 1 , D-Phe 2 )-GRF(1-29)-NH 2 (growth hormone releasing factor analogue). The inhibitory responses by all of the PHI analogues and VIP were not modified by tetrodotoxin. PHI-(14-27)-NH 2 and PHI tachyphylaxis caused significant antagonism of the fall in internal anal sphincter pressure by PHI-27 and PHM-27 without modifying the IAS responses to VIP and rectal balloon distention, sacral nerve stimulation, and local intramural stimulation. On the other hand, VIP and growth hormone releasing factor analogues caused significant antagonism of VIP responses without modifying the responses to PHI-27. We conclude that distinct PHI and VIP receptors are present in the IAS smooth muscle and that PHI may not play a significant role in the IAS relaxation via the rectoanal reflex.