cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Implementation Strategy to Expand Mobile Health Use in HIV Care Settings: Rapid Evaluation Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) apps can provide support to people living with a chronic disease by offering resources for communication, self-management, and social support. PositiveLinks (PL) is a clinic-deployed mHealth app designed to improve the health of people with HIV. In a pilot study, PL users experienced considerable improvements in care engagement and viral load suppression. To promote its expansion to other HIV clinics, we developed an implementation strategy consisting of training resources and on-demand program support. Objective: The objective of our study was to conduct an interim analysis of the barriers and facilitators to PL implementation at early adopting sites to guide optimization of our implementation strategy. Methods: Semistructured interviews with stakeholders at PL expansion sites were conducted. Analysis of interviews identified facilitators and barriers that were mapped to 22 constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The purpose of the analysis was to identify the facilitators and barriers to PL implementation in order to adapt the PL implementation strategy. Four Ryan White HIV clinics were included. Interviews were conducted with one health care provider, two clinic managers, and five individuals who coordinated site PL activities. Results: Ten common facilitators and eight common barriers were identified. Facilitators to PL implementation included PL’s fit with patient and clinic needs, PL training resources, and sites’ early engagement with their information technology personnel. Most barriers were specific to mHealth, including access to Wi-Fi networks, maintaining patient smartphone access, patient privacy concerns, and lack of clarity on how to obtain approvals for mHealth use. Conclusions: The CFIR is a useful framework for evaluating mHealth interventions. Although PL training resources were viewed favorably, we identified important barriers to PL implementation in a sample of Ryan White clinics. This enabled our team to expand guidance on identifying information technology stakeholders and procuring and managing mobile resources. Ongoing evaluation results continue to inform improvements to the PL implementation strategy, facilitating PL access for future expansion sites.
Migrating Giants: Digital Memory and Dislocation in Preaching Formation

Sermons are ephemeral, made to be lost. Even when the manuscript is preserved, the sermon preached in a particular time and place is mostly gone. Making a sermon is something we do together, preach...
Regionally specific gray matter volume is lower in alcohol use disorder: Implications for noninvasive brain stimulation treatment.

BACKGROUND There is growing interest in neuromodulation-based therapeutics as tools for individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Through electromagnetic induction, techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can noninvasively depolarize cortical cells in the induced electrical field and monosynaptic afferents. The ability of TMS to modulate the brain is dependent upon two factors, which may be compromised in individuals with AUD: (1) gray matter volume (GMV) at the site of stimulation and (2) scalp-to-cortex (STC) distance. This study tested the hypotheses that these aspects of neural architecture are compromised in AUD patients, and thus AUD patients may need a higher TMS dose to depolarize the cortex. METHODS High-resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired from 44 individuals with AUD and 44 age-matched healthy controls (n = 88). Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was conducted. Subsequent region-of-interest analysis was performed at three EEG 10-20 sites commonly used in TMS for AUD: FP1 (left frontal pole), F3 (left DLPFC), and C3 (left motor cortex). STC distance and TMS electric fields were assessed at these EEG sites. RESULTS Individuals with AUD had significantly lower GMV in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortices, supramarginal gyri, and the left DLPFC (voxel-threshold p < 0.05, cluster-threshold p < 0.05) and within all 3 TMS target locations, F (1, 264) = 14.12, p = 0.0002. There was no significant difference in STC distance between the AUD and the healthy control group at any tested cortical location, F (3, 252) = 1.906, p = 0.129. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with AUD had significantly lower GMV in multiple areas of interest for TMS treatment; however, these volumetric reductions did not impact STC distance. Given previous studies that have shown TMS-evoked changes in cortical and subcortical activity to be dependent on GMV, these data suggest that individuals with AUD may require higher doses of TMS to sufficiently modulate the neural circuits of interest.
Revisiting the Nineteenth-Century Poe Controversies

This article reviews the book "Poe in His Own time: A Biographical Chronicle of his Life, Drawn from Recollections, Interviews, and Memoirs by Family, Friends, and Associates," edited by Benjamin F. Fisher, published by the University of Iowa Press, 2010.
Tumor necrosis factor-α production from mononuclear cells in nephrotic syndrome

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in supernatant fluid from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured by ELISA in 54 children with active non-inherited forms of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), 10 nephrotics in remission, and 10 healthy controls. Children with active PNS included 21 patients with steroid-sensitive (SS) minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 5 patients with steroid-resistant (SR) MCNS, 11 with SR focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 6 patients with SS diffuse mesangial proliferation (DMP), 5 patients with SR DMP, and 6 patients with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN). Patients with active PNS had elevated TNF-alpha production compared with controls. Remission was associated with normalization of TNF-alpha production. There was a positive correlation between TNF-alpha production and the degree of proteinuria ( r=0.34, P=0.013), mesangial hypercellularity ( r=0.42, P=0.028), and glomerulosclerosis ( r=0.46, P=0.001). By using ROC curve, TNF-alpha production greater or equal to a cut-off point of 50 pg/ml could be used to predict resistance to steroid therapy (predictability 93.2%). By discriminate analysis, TNF-alpha production could be used to discriminate between patients with SR MCNS, SR FSGS, and SR DMP (predictability 100%). In conclusion, TNF-alpha from cultured PBMC might be involved in the pathogenesis of proteinuria as well as the pathological changes that occur in non-inherited forms of PNS. TNF-alpha levels in PBMC culture could be used to predict the pathological type of PNS and the response of these patients to steroid therapy.
2010 Graduate Research Productivity in Family and Consumer Sciences

Family and consumer sciences programs in colleges and universities in the United States submitted 263 titles of graduate research in 2010, a decrease of 68 titles from the previous year. However, nonresponse from 27 of the 48 universities that were contacted suggests the number of theses and dissertations reported in this article does not fully represent all graduate degrees granted in family and consumer sciences in 2010. Factors associated with underreporting need to be further explored. Three categories account for 59% of all reported titles in theses and dissertations. The categories are foods/nutrition/dietetics; child/human development; and family relations/marriage.
Abstract B08: New Abelson interactor-1(Abi-1)-driven mechanism of acquired drug resistance

In hematological malignancies, quiescent leukemic stem cells are responsible for persistence of minimal residual disease and relapse. We have recently identified a new signaling pathway that is significantly dysregulated in imatinib mesylate (IM) resistant leukemic cells (Chorzalska et all, Leukemia in press). A key player in this pathway is Abelson interactor-1 (Abi-1). Abi-1 was originally identified as Abl kinase associating protein that was later confirmed to be one of the Bcr-Abl interactors. Abi-1 was recently shown to interact directly with α4 integrin, which controls lodging of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells (HSCs/LSCs) in the bone marrow microenvironment. We have recently obtained evidence that Abi-1 plays a role in signaling cross-talk between Bcr-Abl and α4 integrin. We have found that loss of Abi-1 leads to increased adhesion and quiescence, resulting in increased chemoresistance of leukemic CD34+ progenitor cells. Comparison of Abi-1 (ABI-1) and α4 integrin (ITGA4) gene expression in relapsing Bcr-Abl positive CD34+ progenitor cells demonstrated a reduction in Abi-1 and an increase in α4 integrin mRNA in the absence of Bcr-Abl mutations. This inverse correlation between Abi-1 and α4 integrin expression, as well as linkage to elevated phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk signaling, was confirmed in imatinib mesylate (IM) resistant leukemic cells. These results indicate that the α4-Abi-1 signaling pathway may mediate acquisition of the drug resistant phenotype of leukemic cells. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that chemoresistance arises as a consequence of dysregulation of a pathway involving α4 integrin and Abi-1, and is mediated through a previously unknown mechanism that is independent of oncogene activity. Citation Format: Anna Chorzalska, Ibrahem Salloum, Philip Marjon, Diana Treaba, Christoph Schorl, Morgan John, Christine R. Bryke, John Reagan, Eric Winer, Adam J. Olszewski, Patrycja M. Dubielecka. New Abelson interactor-1(Abi-1)-driven mechanism of acquired drug resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr B08.
Intelligent Learning Technologies Part 2: Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Contemporary and Emerging Educational Challenges

Part Two of the special issue of AI Magazine presents articles on some of the most interesting projects at the intersection of AI and Education. Included are articles on integrated systems such as virtual humans, an intellgent textbook a game-based learning environment as well as technology focused components such as student models and data mining. The issue concludes with an article summarizing the contemporary and emerging challenges at the intersection of AI and education.
Characterization of Rayleigh Wave Propagation in Concrete Using Laser Ultrasonics

Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of non-traditional civil engineering materials such as aluminum are fairly well advanced. However the advancement of ultrasonic methodologies for the nondestructive evaluation of concrete lag behind primarily because of the lack of quantitative understanding of the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in concrete due to the highly attenuating nature of concrete.
Executive Functioning, Temporal Discounting, and Sense of Time in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Clinic-referred teens (ages 12–19) with ADHD and ODD (N = 101) were compared to community control (CC) teens, equated for age and sex, (N = 39) on a variety of psychological tasks assessing executive functioning (EF), temporal reward discounting, and time estimation and reproduction. A factor analysis reduced the EF measures to three dimensions, representing CPT Inattention, Working Memory, and CPT Inhibition. Results indicated that the ADHD group had significantly more CPT Inattention than the CC group. No differences were found for Working Memory or CPT Inhibition. The ADHD group displayed significantly greater temporal discounting of delayed hypothetical monetary rewards relative to immediate ones and manifested more impaired time reproduction, but not time estimation, than did the CC group. Main effects for level of IQ were found only on the Working Memory factor and largely did not interact with the group factor otherwise. The group differences in CPT Inattention, temporal discounting, and time reproduction were not a function of level of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder, delinquency, or anxiety–depression. Results are reasonably consistent with past research on EF and sense of time in children with ADHD and extend these findings to the adolescent age group. Problems with working memory and CPT inhibition found in prior studies of children with ADHD, however, were not evident here, perhaps owing to age-related improvements or insufficient task difficulty.
The Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome Copy Number in Individual Neurons Is Virus Strain Specific and Correlates with Reactivation

The viral genetic elements that determine the in vivo reactivation efficiencies of fully replication competent wild-type herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains have not been identified. Among the common laboratory strains, KOS reactivates in vivo at a lower efficiency than either strain 17syn+ or strain McKrae. An important first step in understanding the molecular basis for this observation is to distinguish between viral genetic factors that regulate the establishment of latency from those that directly regulate reactivation. Reported here are experiments performed to determine whether the reduced reactivation of KOS was associated with a reduced ability to establish or maintain latent infections. For comparative purposes, latent infections were quantified by (i) quantitative PCR on DNA extracted from whole ganglia, (ii) the number of latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter-positive neurons, using KOS and 17syn+ LAT promoter-beta-galactosidase reporter mutants, and (iii) contextual analysis of DNA. Mice latently infected with 17syn+-based strains contained more HSV type 1 (HSV-1) DNA in their ganglia than those infected with KOS strains, but this difference was not statistically significant. The number of latently infected neurons also did not differ significantly between ganglia latently infected with either the low- or high-reactivator strains. In addition to the number of latent sites, the number of viral genome copies within the individual latently infected neurons has recently been demonstrated to be variable. Interestingly, neurons latently infected with KOS contained significantly fewer viral genome copies than those infected with either 17syn+ or McKrae. Thus, the HSV-1 genome copy number profile is viral strain specific and positively correlates with the ability to reactivate in vivo. This is the first demonstration that the number of HSV genome copies within individual latently infected neurons is regulated by viral genetic factors. These findings suggest that the latent genome copy number may be an important parameter for subsequent induced reactivation in vivo.
Note: Pattern avoidance in flattened partitions

To flatten a set partition (with apologies to Mathematica^(R)) means to form a permutation by erasing the dividers between its blocks. Of course, the result depends on how the blocks are listed. For the usual listing-increasing entries in each block and blocks arranged in increasing order of their first entries-we count the partitions of [n] whose flattening avoids a single 3-letter pattern. Five counting sequences arise: a null sequence, the powers of 2, the Fibonacci numbers, the Catalan numbers, and the binomial transform of the Catalan numbers.
Teaching electronic communication skills to graduate students

For the past six years I have been co-teaching the Research Methods course required of all English graduate students. Entitled "Introduction to Graduate Studies in English," the course has two primary goals: to socialize students into the profession, and to teach them advanced research skills. As the English and American Literature librarian, I am responsible for much of the latter. Traditionally I teach sessions on major research topics, such as doing biographical research, compiling bibliographies, locating archival and manuscript resources, working with national bibliographies, and conducting interdisciplinary research. There has always been a computer component to the course. Its main focus is database searching how to search the MLA International Bibliography, Dissertation Abstracts International, and other files relevant to literary scholarship. Some attention is paid to wordprocessing/ bibliography software, such as Nota Bene and Pro-Cite, and sometimes we have a guest speaker address computer applications in humanistic research. Topics range from the use of concordance software to the management and organization of machine-readable text files located at a
THE RELIABILITY OF PUBLIC OPINION SURVEYS

Dr. Warner is engaged in public opinion research work for Hartwell, Jobson and Kibbee, New York City. He has been a member of the faculty of Yenching University and New York University, but most of his time since graduation has been devoted to experimental research on the physiological basis of motivation and the neurological foundations of learning, the latter as a Fellow of the National Research Council. His research work was carried on in part in Switzerland, at Columbia University and Duke University.
Synthesis, structure, and photocatalytic properties of ordered mesoporous metal-doped Co3O4

Abstract Efficient and robust water oxidation catalysts based on earth-abundant elements are crucial for the viability of solar fuel production. Recently, cobalt oxide spinel catalysts have shown promising visible-light-driven water oxidation activities. Although some efforts have been made to understand the role of the spinel structure in photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water, the underlying correlation is still unclear. Here, we have successfully synthesized a series of metal-substituted Co3O4 catalysts using a hard templating method and investigated their photocatalytic properties for water oxidation. Findings from this study suggest that Ni3+/4+ and Mn3+/4+ substitution create surface sites which bind oxygen too strongly or too weakly relative to Co3+, respectively, therefore decreasing oxygen evolution rates in the visible-light-driven [ Ru ( bpy ) 3 ] 2 + -persulfate system. On the other hand, mesoporous Mg-substituted Co3O4 exhibit very limited oxygen evolution activity in the first 2 min of reaction; while a high turnover frequency (TOF) of ∼1.6 × 10−4 s−1 per Co was observed after 30 min of photocatalysis. Detailed structural analysis has been done to reveal the mechanism of Mg–Co3O4 activation and the relationship to structural properties in metal-substituted Co3O4 oxygen evolution catalysts.
Atomic physics: When ultracold is not cold enough

A technique for cooling ultracold atoms in optical lattices has been demonstrated. This advance should allow the physics of strongly correlated systems, including that of quantum magnetism, to be explored. See Letter p.500 This work demonstrates an atom-number-sensitive blockade mechanism with potential applications in condensed matter physics and quantum information processing. Blockade can occur when strong interactions in a confined few-body system prevent a particle from occupying an otherwise accessible quantum state. The authors observe a new form of interaction blockade for ultracold atoms in optical lattices, which they term orbital excitation blockade. In this system, a single atom on a lattice site can be excited to a higher orbital by resonantly modulating the lattice depth. But when two atoms occupy the same site, interactions between them lead to orbital-dependent energy shifts. Therefore, modulation at an appropriate frequency to excite one atom to the higher orbital is off-resonant for exciting the second, which is 'blocked'. The effect is used here to demonstrate algorithmic cooling with ultracold atoms, potentially important for reaching the ultralow entropies required for quantum simulation. In addition, orbital excitation blockade could enable the implementation of quantum gates in optical lattices.
Thymus function, ageing and autoimmunity

We suggest that the thymus is the critical time-keeper in the ageing process with respect to immune responses. Because the thymus involutes asymmetrically, a clonal imbalance occurs with ageing since the proportion of autoantigen-specific helper/inducer T cells increases relative to the number of autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells. As a result, circulating autoantibody levels rise with age. On the other hand, nonspecific immunoregulatory mechanisms increase with age. As the thymic cortex atrophies, the response to foreign antigens declines, whereas the response to self-antigen rises, generating the ageing paradox.
In vivo protective effect of ferulic acid against noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea-pig

Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound whose neuroprotective activity was extensively studied in vitro. In this study, we provided functional in vivo evidence that FA limits noise-induced hearing loss. Guinea-pigs exposed to acoustic trauma for 1 h exhibited a significant impairment in auditory function; this injury was evident as early as 1 day from noise exposure and persisted over 21 days. Ferulic acid (150 mg/kg i.p. for 4 days) counteracted noise-induced hearing loss at days 1, 3, 7 and 21 from noise exposure. The improvement of auditory function by FA was paralleled by a significant reduction in oxidative stress, apoptosis and increase in hair cell viability in the organ of Corti. Interestingly in the guinea-pig cochleae, the neuroprotective effect of FA was functionally related not only to its scavenging ability in the peri-traumatic period but also to the up-regulation of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); in fact, FA-induced improvement of auditory function was counteracted by the HO inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin-IX and paralleled the time-course of HO-1 induction over 3–7 days. These results confirm the antioxidant properties of FA as free-radical scavenger and suggest a role of HO-1 as an additional mediator against noise-induced ototoxicity.
392) Patient and physician sociodemographic factors impact treatment recomendations

Extant research shows that treatment of chronic pain is influenced by patient clinician factors including gender, age race, insurance, beliefs, and attitudes. These factors influence access to care and quality of care and have serious consequences in the management of chronic pain. Stereotypes impact decision-making, influencing the prognosis of the pain condition and the overall quality of life. This study is part of an ongoing investigation examining the relationship between patient and physician characteristics to treatment options offered to chronic pain patients. Forty-five patient charts were examined retrospectively for a number of socio-demographic, pain and clinician variables. 51% patients were evaluated by Caucasian and 49% by Asian physicians. Of the patient sample studied, 48% were Caucasian, 39% Latino, 9% African American and 2% Asian patients. Of these patients, 66% were females and 34% were male. Among the Caucasian patients 46% had commercial insurance, 40% Medicare, 9% Medicaid and 5% had Workmen’s compensation. Of the Latino patients 48% had Medicaid and 29% had Medicare and23% had commercial coverage. Of the 13% patients who received Opioids at the first visit, 50% were Caucasians, 33% Latino and 17% African American. Age of the patient also seems to play a role in prescribing opioids at the first visit. An analysis of physician race on treatment recommendations revealed an uncertainty coefficient of .110 (p .014) indicating that knowledge of race reduced error in predicting treatment recommendations by 11% at initial visit. The effect of physician gender on treatment recommendations revealed an uncertainty coefficient of .130 (p .004) indicating that knowledge of gender reduces error in predicting treatment recommendation by 13% at the initial visit. Thus patient and physician sociodemographic factors influence treatment recommendations at the first visit. We believe that clinician awareness of these factors enhance treatments offered to patients.
Perillyl alcohol selectively induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-transformed myeloid cell lines.

The Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase that is expressed from the Philadelphia chromosome protects leukemia cells from apoptosis caused by removal of growth factors or by cytotoxic agents and ionizing irradiation. This resistance to apoptosis is associated with a Bcr/Abl-mediated G2/M delay. Therefore, inhibiting Bcr/Abl signaling pathways should block the ability of the Bcr/Abl kinase to protect cells from apoptosis. The monoterpenes, limonene and perillyl alcohol (POH) are new anticancer agents that selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells of a variety of rodent carcinoma models. Since the potential antitumor activities of monoterpenes overlap with signaling pathways affected by the Bcr/Abl kinase, POH and limonene were tested for antileukemia activity. POH, but not limonene selectively induced G0/G1 arrest followed by apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-transformed, but not nontransformed FDC.P1 and 32D myeloid cell lines. In contrast to their greater sensitivity to POH, Bcr/Abl-transformed cells were more resistant than nontransformed cells to several chemotherapy agents and ionizing irradiation. Since in Bcr/Abl-transformed cells, POH induces apoptosis associated with G0/G1 arrest, POH must activate an apoptotic pathway that is not protected by the Bcr/Abl-induced G2/M delay. Monoterpenes may represent novel agents for treating Ph+ leukemias.
Social support and adjustment to caring for elder family members: A multi-study analysis

This multi-study analysis systematically examines research findings on relationships between social support and caregiver adjustment to discover whether informal support helps family caregivers. Caring for older relatives is an ongoing stressful life course event and role. Informal social support is often used as a predictor of caregiver adjustment outcomes. It is widely believed to enhance adjustment. Yet the varied research results do not necessarily support this belief. A computer-generated literature search of social sciences and medical databases produced thirty-five caregiving articles, published in refereed journals, which meet study parameters. A coding form was developed to categorize social support and adjustment variables for cross-tabular analyses. The findings show most relationships (61%) between social support and caregiver adjustment are not positively significant. Of the minority of positively significant relationships, neither perceived (available) nor received support is more important and neither instrumental nor socioemotional support is more likely to aid adjustment. Researchers and health care professionals need to explore the negative impact of social support and attributes of caregiver-care recipient relationships.
A transient kinetic analysis of PRMT1 catalysis.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important strategies used by eukaryotic organisms to modulate their phenotypes. One of the well-studied PTMs, arginine methylation, is catalyzed by prote...
Pre-plant treatment of Chrysanthemum × morifolium with growth retardants

Abstract Pre-plant dips of the root portion, shoot portion or entire rooted cutting in ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl-α-(θ-methoxypheny)-5-pyrimidinemethanol] or daminozide [butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide)] reduced the height of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. ‘Garland’) regardless of the plant part treated. However, shoot and entire cutting dips were generally more effective than root dips. Height and dry weight decreased with increasing concentrations of both chemicals, and flowering was slightly delayed by ancymidol. Exposure time (length of dip) had no effect on subsequent height reduction. No phytotoxicity resulted from any dip treatment, although in one experiment, daminozide foliar sprays induced a change in flower color.
ALTERED KINETIC PROPERTIES OF PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE IN A PATIENT WITH LACTIC ACIDEMIA

Activities of the active and inactive forms of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) were measured in fibroblasts from normal individuals and a patient with congenital lactic acidemia, utilizing 10mM MgCl2 to activate the enzyme from sonicated fibroblasts. The activities of the active and inactive forms in the patient were 0.56 ± 0.21 and 0.87 ± 0.33 and in the controls 8.01 ± 2.80 and 1.81 ± 0.39 nmoles/mg protein/hr. In the patient, the active form accounted for 39% of total PDC activity, while in the normals 77% of total PDC activity was present as the active form. The optimum pH (6.0) and Michaelis constants (Km) for pyruvate were similar in fibroblasts of the patient and controls. PDC activity was more sensitive to denaturation by heat in the fibroblasts of the patient than those from controls. Incubation for 5 minutes at 46.5°C led to a complete loss of activity in the patient, while there was still 25% of original activity in the controls. This difference in heat stability may be related to the difference in the ratio of active to inactive forms between the fibroblasts from controls and the patient. It suggests an altered molecular form of the enzyme protein as a result of a mutation in a structural gene.
Androgen support of lacrimal gland function

The effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (1 mg/kg) on biochemical parameters related to lacrimal secretion, basal tear flow rate, and pilocarpine-stimulated lacrimal gland fluid secretion, in mature ovariectomized rabbits were studied. The effects of the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) (100 micrograms/kg), on lacrimal gland biochemical parameters in normal mature female rabbits was also studied. Ovariectomy decreased the total serum levels of testosterone (T) by 88.5% and androstenedione by 35.9%, without changing the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) of its sulfate. Ovariectomy caused a significant regression of the lacrimal glands, decreasing total DNA by 35%, and total protein by 22%. DHT treatment of ovariectomized animals prevented lacrimal gland regression, increasing total gland DNA (31%) and total protein (18%). DHT treatment also increases Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity (29%) and beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites (23%) compared to the ovariectomized group. DHT increased pilocarpine stimulated lacrimal gland fluid secretion (13.26 +/- 1.47 microL/min) compared to the ovariectomized group (7.72 +/- 0.41 microL/min), but DHT treatment paradoxically decreased basal tear flow rate (1.02 +/- 0.04 microL/min) as compared to the ovariectomized rabbits (1.96 +/- 0.12 microL/min). DES decreased the total serum T from 59.33 +/- 10.54 pg/mL to 21.5 +/- 6.06 pg/mL. DES decreased total Na+,K(+)-ATPase by 12% and increased beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites by 83.3%. These results suggest that androgens play a major role in supporting lacrimal gland secretory function. Additionally, they suggest that estrogens may influence certain aspects of lacrimal functions, although it is not clear to what extent those actions are elicited directly or indirectly.
The reaction kinetics of lithium salt with water vapor

Abstract The interaction of lithium salt (LiH and/or LiD) with water vapor in the partial pressure range of 10 −5 –2657 Pa has been investigated. The reaction probability of water with LiH cleaved in an ultra high vacuum environment was obtained using the modulated molecular beam technique. This probability was 0.11 and independent of LiH surface temperature, suggesting a negligible activation energy for the reaction in agreement with quantum chemical calculations. The value gradually reduced, however, to 0.007 as the surface concentration of oxygen containing product approached full coverage. As the film grew beyond a monolayer, the phase lag of hydrogen product increased from 0 °C to 20 °C and the reaction probability reduced further until it approached our detection limit (∼10 −4 ). This phase lag was attributed to a diffusion-limited process in this regime. For micrometer thick hydroxide films grown in high moisture concentration environment on LiD and LiH, the reaction probability reduced to ∼4×10 −7 and was independent of exposure time. In this regime of thick hydroxide films (LiOH and/or LiOD), microcracks generated in the films to release stress provided easier pathways for moisture to reach the interface. A modified microscope, capable of both atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation, was also employed to investigate the surface morphology of hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH · H 2 O and/or LiOD · H 2 O) grown on hydroxide at high water vapor partial pressures and the kinetics of this growth.
Melting and resolidification of gold film irradiated by nano- to femtosecond lasers

Rapid melting and resolidification of a free-standing gold film subject to nano- to femtosecond laser pulses are investigated using the two-temperature model in conjunction with an interfacial tracking method. The interfacial velocity, as well as elevated melting temperature and depressed solidification temperature, in the ultra-fast phase-change process are obtained by considering the interfacial energy balance and nucleation dynamics. A nonlinear electron heat capacity and a temperature-dependent electron–lattice coupling factor for the rapid phase change are taken into account. Effects of laser pulse width and fluence on melting and resolidification are also studied.
Chemical control of feeding behavior and role of glycine in the nutrition of Zoanthus (Coelenterata, Zoanthidea)

The feeding response of Zoanthus is activated by the tripeptide glutathione and consists of three well-defined steps: lip formation, mouth opening and ingestion. 1. 2. The optimal concentrations at which glutathione activates the feeding response are 10−4 M and 10−5 M. 2. 3. The active part of the tripeptide molecule in eliciting feeding is the glycyl radical. 3. 4. Glycine at concentrations above 10−3 M can elicit wide mouth opening, peristaltic movements of the column and ingestion of solid particles. 4. 5. The polyps can take up glycine directly from the medium and utilize it in the manufacture of lipids and proteins.
Neuropeptide diversity in Ascaris: An immunocytochemical study

An immunocytochemical method was used for localization of various peptide-like substances in the Ascaris nervous system. Out of 45 antipeptide antisera, 12 demonstrated immunoreactivity in different subsets of neurons; these 12 antisera were raised against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), Aplysia peptide L11 (L11), Aplysia peptide 12B (12B), small cardioactive peptide B (SCPB), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide, gastrin-17, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Several peptide-like substances were colocalized to the same neuron. Our results suggest that Ascaris, like other organisms, contains multiple peptidergic systems.
Stack design and performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Abstract Three types of stack structure designs of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) were reviewed and evaluated under various humidities and temperatures, including bipolar, pseudo bipolar and monopolar (strip) stacks. The bipolar stack design is suitable for delivering moderate to high power, but if a single cell fails it may lead to a loss of power for the whole stack. Water, heat, fuel and air management is required in bipolar plate design. For the pseudo-bipolar cell stack design it is easy to achieve high power by simple addition of more bi-cell units, but each bi-cell has to be filled with fuel and air separately. In the monopolar cell stack design a common gas flow field is shared by a whole strip, when a single cell fails the stack performance will not be affected seriously. Monopolar cell stack design is suitable for applications in low power and high voltage devices because of its high internal resistance.
Psychiatric disorders prior to dating initiation and physical dating violence before age 21: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)

Purpose Poor mental health is associated with teen dating violence (TDV), but whether there are specific types of psychiatric disorders that could be targeted with intervention to reduce TDV remains unknown.
Vehicle and cargo inspection system

Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System (VACIS) is comprised of a 1 Curie 137 Cs gamma-ray source in a shield and collimator which produces a fan-shaped beam designed to intercept a vertical array of gama-ray detectors contained in a tower structure. The source and detector modules straddle the vehicle or container being inspected and are mounted on self-propelled trolleys which travel in synchronization along two parallel tracks covering the length of the scanned object. The signals from the gamma-ray detector array are processed and displayed so as to produce a 2D gamma-radiographic image of the object. Testing of the system on a variety of empty and lightly-loaded vehicles and containers has demonstrated the effectiveness of VACIS in detecting hidden contraband. For example, a small sample of cocaine only 1.5 inches thick was readily detected in a container.
A pharmacodynamic analysis of TCDD-induced cytochrome P450 gene expression in multiple tissues: dose- and time-dependent effects.

The ability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) to alter gene expression and the demonstration that the induction of CYP1A2 is responsible for hepatic TCDD sequestration suggest that both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic events must be incorporated for a quantitative description of TCDD disposition. In this paper, a biologically based pharmacodynamic (BBPD) model for TCDD-induced biochemical responses in multiple tissues was developed. The parameters responsible for tissue response were estimated simultaneously with a refined physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model developed by Wang et al. (1997a), by using the time-dependent effects of TCDD on induced CYP1A1/CYP1A2 gene expression in multiple target tissues (liver, lungs, kidneys, and skin) of female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 10 microgram TCDD/kg for 30 min, 1, 3, 8, or 24 h, or 7, 14, or 35 days. This refined BBPD model developed based on the time-course of TCDD-induced CYP1A1/CYP1A2 protein expression, and associated enzymatic activities well described the dose-dependent effects of TCDD on cytochrome P450 protein expression and associated enzyme activities in the multiple tissues of female Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 days following a single exposure to TCDD (0.01-30.0 micromgram TCDD/kg). This is the first BBPD model to quantitatively describe the time- and dose-dependent effects of TCDD on induced CYP1A1/CYP1A2 protein expression and associated enzyme activities in multiple target tissues for TCDD-induced biochemical responses.
Prediction of linear viscoelastic response for entangled polyolefin melts from molecular weight distribution

The linear viscoelastic properties of polymer melts depend strongly and systematically on the molecular weight distribution. A molecular theory relating dynamic modulus and molecular weight distribution for linear polymers, developed and confirmed earlier with data for three other polymer species, is applied here to commercial samples of isotactic polypropylene and high density polyethylene. Experimental master curves are compared with predictions based on only the fundamental rheological parameters of the species and molecular weight distributions as obtained by the methods of size exclusion chromatography. Agreement is fairly good for the two polypropylene samples, about the same as had been found earlier for the other species, but it is highly variable for the ten polyethylene samples. We attribute this variability to differences among high density polyethylenes in the frequency, length, and type of long-chain branching. However, we could find surprisingly little supporting evidence for this from such supposed signatures of long branches in polyethylene as the flow activation energy E a . Measured values of E a agreed well with the literature results for linear polyethylene ; none showed the elevation in E a that would be expected for polyethylene with long branches.
Modeling molecular transport in composite membranes with tubular fillers

Nanotubes have been shown to possess intriguing mass transport properties, and are being incorporated into polymeric membranes for molecular separations. Although models have been developed to predict the effective permeability and selectivity of composite membranes with non-spherical fillers, they only apply to fillers with isotropic transport properties. However, molecular transport in tubular fillers is essentially one-dimensional. Here, an analytical model is developed – including the orientational distribution, aspect ratio, volume fraction, permeability of the fillers, and membrane non-idealities – to describe molecular transport in composite membranes with tubular fillers. Using the model, the effects of various structural and operational parameters of the composite membrane are assessed. It is found that the filler volume fraction, as opposed to the filler orientation, intrinsic permeability, and aspect ratio, has the most significant impact on the membrane permeability. Several case studies of binary mixture separations by ideal and non-ideal composite membranes with tubular fillers are discussed. Finally, an advanced composite membrane configuration that allows exploitation of the unique transport properties of tubular fillers is discussed.
Acoustic scattering by baffled membranes

A flexible membrane is set in an infinite plane baffle. The plane separates an acoustic field from a vacuum. A time harmonic wave is incident from the fluid on the membrane. When the frequency of the incident wave is not close to an in‐vacuo resonant frequency of the membrane, the reaction of the fluid on the membrane is small. However, near a resonant frequency the fluid–membrane coupling is significant. We use the method of matched asymptotic expansions to obtain an asymptotic expansion of the scattered field. It is uniformly valid in the incident frequency. The expansion parameter e≪1 is the ratio of the fluid and membrane densities. The outer expansion, valid away from resonance, is O(e). The inner expansion, valid near resonance, is of order unity. The fluid loading is shown to have the effect of decreasing the resonant frequencies from those of the in‐vacuo membrane. Simple and double resonant frequencies are analyzed. However, the method is applicable to higher order resonant frequencies. Finally, the method is applied to normal incidence of a plane wave on a circular membrane.
Cardiac Embryology: Understanding Congenital Heart Disease for the Noncardiac Anesthesiologist:

Understanding cardiac embryology gives the pediatric anes thesiologist a better appreciation of the anatomy and disor dered physiology of a particular defect, and ultimately is the basis of rationa...
Rapid generation of thrombin by atheroma and platelets

Rapid re-occlusion of an atheromatous vessel after angioplasty may occur through yet incompletely known mechanisms. Atheromatous plaque has been shown to contain tissue factor (TF) activity. When atheroma extracts (atheroma) and platelets are incubated together a powerful prothrombinase is rapidly generated, which neither platelets nor atheroma alone can generate. Large amounts of thrombin were generated in minutes by many atheroma-platelet mixtures. However in these mixtures, generation of factor (F)Xa activity was not enhanced, but was in fact decreased by platelet tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) activity. Leukocytes had no appreciable effect in these short-term experiments. Although levels of factor VII and FX in atheroma were extremely low, antibodies to each of these factors inhibited prothrombinase formation. So did an antibody to factor V. A FXa inhibitor, DX 9065a, was very effective in preventing prothrombinase generation. These findings may explain the rapid occlusion that has been observed after angioplasty and point to avenues of prevention.
Filamentous Inclusions in Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas exhibits a spectrum of histologic appearances. Some tumors can be readily identified by light microscopy, but others resemble endocrine/neuroendocrine neoplasms. Ultrastructurally, though large zymogen granules of acinar cells are usually distinctive, the zymogen granules of neoplastic acinar cells are sometimes abnormally small, overlapping in size with the granules of endocrine/neuroendocrine neoplasms. Six cases of acinar cell carcinoma, two with a typical histologic appearance and four that resembled endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors, were studied ultrastructurally. In addition to zymogen granules and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, all cases of acinar cell carcinoma exhibited pleomorphic, membrane bound inclusions that contained filaments. Similar inclusions were not identified in islet cell or carcinoid tumors, and several findings indicate that the inclusions represent deranged zymogen granules. In the ultrastructural study of a pancreatic neoplasm with granules, these inclusions may provide a clue for the diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma.
Dystonia-causing mutant torsinA inhibits cell adhesion and neurite extension through interference with cytoskeletal dynamics

Early onset torsion dystonia is a movement disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant syndrome with reduced penetrance. Symptoms appear to result from altered neuronal circuitry within the brain with no evidence of neuronal loss. Most cases are caused by loss of a glutamic acid residue in the AAA+ chaperone protein, torsinA, encoded in the DYT1 gene. In this study, torsinA was found to move in conjunction with vimentin in three cell culture paradigms-recovery from microtubule depolymerization, expression of a dominant-negative form of kinesin light chain and respreading after trypsinization. Co-immune precipitation studies revealed association between vimentin and torsinA in a complex including other cytoskeletal elements, actin and tubulin, as well as two proteins previously shown to interact with torsinA-the motor protein, kinesin light chain 1, and the nuclear envelope protein, LAP1. Morphologic and functional differences related to vimentin were noted in primary fibroblasts from patients carrying this DYT1 mutation as compared with controls, including an increased perinuclear concentration of vimentin and a delayed rate of adhesion to the substratum. Overexpression of mutant torsinA inhibited neurite extension in human neuroblastoma cells, with torsinA and vimentin immunoreactivity enriched in the perinuclear region and in cytoplasmic inclusions. Collectively, these studies suggest that mutant torsinA interferes with cytoskeletal events involving vimentin, possibly by restricting movement of these particles/filaments, and hence may affect development of neuronal pathways in the brain.
Does speciation matter for tungsten ecotoxicology

Tungsten is a widely used transition metal that has not been thoroughly investigated with regards to its ecotoxicological effects. Tungsten anions polymerize in environmental systems as well as under physiological conditions in living organisms. These polymerization/condensation reactions result in the development of several types of stable polyoxoanions. Certain chemical properties (in particular redox and acidic properties) differentiate these polyanions from monotungstates. However, our current state of knowledge on tungsten toxicology, biological and environmental effects is based entirely on experiments where monotungstates were used and assumed by the authors to be the form of tungsten that was present and that produced the observed effect. Recent discoveries indicate that tungsten speciation may be important to ecotoxicology. New results obtained by different research groups demonstrate that polytungstates develop and persist in environmental systems, and that polyoxotungstates are much more toxic than monotungstates. This paper reviews the available toxicological information from the standpoint of tungsten speciation and identifies knowledge gaps and pertinent future research directions.