cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisited Affect-Symbolic Imagery

Affect-symbolic imagery is both a psychological and an epistemological construct that defines general knowledge acquisition in African/African American culture. Symbolic imagery is the use ofphenomena such as words, gestures, tones, rhythms, and objects to convey meaning. In contrast, the general epistemological perspective from a European/European American cultural orientation is an object-measure cognition. In this theoretical article, a historical analysis will be given to explain why affect-symbolic imagery may be more prevalent in African culture. In sum, the main purpose for revisiting affect-symbolic imagery will be to provide an educational framework in which Black psychologists can better implement culturally relevant learning paradigmsforAfrican/African American people.
Kaj Ulrik Linderstrom-Lang (1896-1959).

The Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen has had a long tradition of outstanding science. At the time covered by this discussion, Kjeldahl, Sorensen, and Linderstrom-Lang had been consecutive directors of the Chemical Laboratory for 83 years. Lang's inspired leadership began in the 1930s with a number of innovations (study of metabolism in single cells, titrations in non-aqueous solvents, relation of proteolysis to structure) but it was not until the early 1950s that Denmark had sufficiently recovered from the war for the laboratory to enter world science again. During World War II, Lang had been active in the Danish resistance movement. After the war, a number of major advances were being made that would revolutionize the field of protein chemistry (Pauling and Corey's H-bonded structures, Sanger's sequencing techniques, chromatography, Watson and Crick structures, modern instrumentation). The time for the new field of the physical biochemistry of proteins had arrived. Lang, with his broad experience, adventurous spirit, and genius for innovation, created an environment that was ideal for the convergence of these disconnected advances into a uniform science. The emphasis was to be on quantitative measurements on proteins in solution with interpretations based on molecular structures. During an all-too-brief period of time, Lang's laboratory attracted a large fraction of those who were destined to be the leaders of the next generation of protein chemists. At this time, the Carlsberg Laboratory was probably the most scientifically exciting environment for a protein chemist. The methods developed at that time-hydrogen exchange, limited proteolysis, optical rotatory dispersion, volume changes accompanying protein reactions, automatic titrations-are still all in common use and many of the visitors to the laboratory in that period and their students are still playing major roles in protein research. Lang's other qualities should not be ignored. He was not only a great scientist but also a musician, raconteur, artist, and an exceptionally warm and compassionate human being.
Gene expression profile in mouse myocardium after ischemia

Lyn, Deborah, Xiaowei Liu, Nicole A. Bennett, and Nerimiah L. Emmett. Gene expression profile in mouse myocardium after ischemia. Physiol Genomics 2: 93–100, 2000.—This study was designed to elabor...
The Tie That Binds: Some Thoughts About the Rule of Law, Law and Economics, Collective Action Theory, Reciprocity, and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

I am deeply grateful and honored to have been selected as the first holder of the J.B. Smith Distinguished Professorship in Constitutional Law and pleased to offer this inaugural lecture. James Barclay Smith was and remains a legendary figure at the University of Kansas - famous for his penetrating intellect, his witty sayings, and his devotion to the forms of civility. I can only hope one day to be described, as J.B. Smith has been, as a "great constitutionalist". An inaugural lecture presents a unique challenge and a unique opportunity. The challenge is to say something profound that befits the high honor of the occasion, while keeping it accessible and interesting to a diverse audience that includes family and friends, faculty from various disciplines throughout the university, and colleagues from the law school. The opportunity is to say whatever you want to a captive audience. I decided not to worry about saying anything profound or accessible and indulge in the opportunity to say what I want to a captive audience. This lecture brings together a variety of little ideas I have had over the years that seem to me important and connected, yet do not lend themselves to the usual forms of legal scholarship. In some ways the ideas are disparate and you may wonder as I proceed whether they belong together at all. I assure you, I do have a point that brings all these ideas together, at least in my own mind.
Epitaxial Layers of FCC FE on Cu(001)

Metastable films of fcc Fe epitaxed to Cu(001) show unusual ferromagnetic properties(1). Changes in the lattice volume occur with film thickness in the 1 to 5 monolayer range, reflecting changes in the magnitude of the spin moments and the magnetic exchange coupling. The associated uniaxial strain is manifest in strong magnetic anisotropy, layer by layer lattice expansion, phonon softening, and surface layer atomic reconstructions. We present LEED results of a detailed structural investigation, neutron reflectance measurements of the spin moments, surface magneto-optic Kerr effect studies of the magnetic anisotropy, and angle resolved photoemission of the electronic states. The observed effects are due to the strain-related kinetic energy associated with the formation of the atomic spin moments, predicted by spin-density-functional calculations of bulk fcc Fe(2).
A Lightweight Battery for Backpack Electrofishing

Abstract A lithium ion battery was modified to replace the conventional sealed lead acid battery used to operate a backpack electrofishing unit. Specifications and performance of the lithium ion battery were compared with those of a lead acid battery of similar capacity. The lithium ion battery was 76% lighter in weight than the lead acid battery, reducing the overall weight of a Smith-Root model 12 backpack electrofishing unit and battery by 55%. Including the cost of a charger and parts to make the battery compatible with an electroshocking unit, the lithium ion battery and charger cost was 26% less than that of the lead acid battery and charger. Bench tests indicated the lithium ion battery provided 91% and 98% of the operating time of the lead acid battery per charge when the settings were 300 V at 90 Hz and 500 V at 90 Hz, respectively. The fuel gauge (battery discharge indicator) on the lithium ion battery, which was absent in the lead acid battery, provided the ability for a user to assess the rema...
Botswana's Macroeconomic Management of Its Mineral‐Based Growth: It Used Mining Revenues for Development and Services but Must Now Broaden the Beneficiaries

. The economic performance and the political history of Botswana during 1974-84 contrasted significantly with the experience of virtually every other African country. The South African republic, immediately north of the Republic of South Africa, achieved steady real economic growth with improved social services and provision for its people's basic needs. This was achieved in spite of world recession and drought because its mineral wealth Was reserved for the people and mining companies had to pay for the privilege of extracting that wealth through a tax program limited to appropriating its surplus, while assuring the investors and entrepreneurs an adequate long-term return on capital and enterprise. But sound macroeconomic policies failed to provide even reasonably equitable benefits for the majority of the people. Sound micropolicies are needed to widen access to employment and earned income and to asset accumulation.
Evaluation of the relationship between circulating omentin-1 concentrations and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease

Dysregulation of omentin-1, a beneficial adipokine, is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between circulating omentin-1 concentrations and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and to determine if sex differences influenced the observed relationships. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 93 adults, ages 30–60 years, without type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Participants were classified as having the metabolic syndrome according to American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria. Plasma omentin-1 concentrations were measured using a commercially-available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and relationships between plasma omentin-1 and components of the metabolic syndrome were assessed in the entire study cohort, by metabolic syndrome status, and by sex. On average, participants were 48 ± 8 years of age, 50.5% were women, 54.8% were Caucasian, and 70% had the metabolic syndrome. Plasma omentin-1 concentrations did not differ significantly between individuals with versus without the metabolic syndrome (145.7 ± 70 versus 157.4 ± 79.3 ng/ml, p = 0.50). However, men with the metabolic syndrome had significantly lower omentin-1 levels than men without the metabolic syndrome (129.9 ± 66 versus 186.3 ± 84.3 ng/ml, p = 0.03). Plasma omentin-1 concentrations were significantly correlated with HDL cholesterol in the entire study cohort (r = 0.26; p = 0.01), which was primarily driven by a correlation in men (r = 0.451, p = 0.002) and participants with the metabolic syndrome (r = 0.36; p = 0.003). Plasma omentin-1 concentrations did not differ significantly between men and women; however men with the metabolic syndrome had 20% lower plasma omentin-1 levels than women with the metabolic syndrome (p = 0.06). These data demonstrate that circulating omentin-1 levels are associated with HDL cholesterol, primarily in men and in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, sex appears to influence the relationship between plasma omentin-1 concentrations and components of the metabolic syndrome. Additional studies are needed to explore sexual dimorphism in circulating omentin-1 levels, and the role of omentin-1 in the metabolic syndrome.
Face-to-Face in Writing: My First Attempt at Conducting a Text-based Online Focus Group

Having completed graduate degrees in educational research and counseling, I have studied the theory of focus groups and participated in many while in a classroom setting. Interestingly, I had never moderated one until my first attempt in a text-based online environment. This paper describes my preparation for the session as well as the issues I faced while actually conducted the focus group. Readers will find that being prepared by establishing rapport with their group prior to the event, understanding the change of dynamics that distance brings to the process and handling the pressures of an expanded role as moderator, will help ensure a successful focus group session. Key Words: Qualitative Research, Focus Group, Online, and Distance Education.
Singular Nonlinear ( n − 1,1) Conjugate Boundary Value Problems

Solutions are obtained for the boundary value problem, y(n) + f(x,y) = 0, y(i)(0) = y(1) = 0, 0 ≤ i ≤ n − 2, where f(x,y) is singular at y = 0. An application is made of a fixed point theorem for operators that are decreasing with respect to a cone.
Electrical and thermal behavior of patterned superconducting disks

Apparatus for the investigation of low and high-T/sub c/ superconducting spirals has been designed and built. The device is capable of measuring the characteristic of superconducting spirals. The superconducting spirals are on a normally conducting substrate. The normally conducting substrate serves as a shunt between the superconducting turns, serving as a distributed quench protection resistor. Samples with both high and low electrical resistance substrates have been tested on this apparatus. Preliminary results of the tests of both high-T/sub c/ (Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O) and low-T/sub c/ (Nb-Ti) thick-film spirals have been investigated. Current distribution in films during quench has been studied experimentally. Generation of normal zone and hysteresis current-voltage characteristics have been discovered in high-T/sub c/ superconducting spirals on silver plate. It is shown that frequency of generation of normal zone depends at under certain conditions (transient current, magnetic field, temperature and resistivity of substrate). The results are being analyzed with models. >
The stability of short waves on a straight vortex filament in a weak externally imposed strain field

The stability of short-wave displacement perturbations on a vortex filament of constant vorticity in a weak externally imposed strain field is considered. The circular cross-section of the vortex filament in this straining flow field becomes elliptical. It is found that instability of short waves on this strained vortex can occur only for wavelengths and frequencies at the intersection points of the dispersion curves for an isolated vortex. Numerical results show that the vortex is stable at some of these points and unstable at others. The vortex is unstable at wavelengths for which ω = 0, thus giving some support to the instability mechanism for the vortex ring proposed recently by Widnall, Bliss & Tsai (1974). The growth rate is calculated by linear stability theory. The previous work of Crow (1970) and Moore & Saffman (1971) dealing with long-wave instabilities is discussed as is the very recent work of Moore & Saffman (1975).
The man who won WWII: Andrew Jackson Higgins and the management of Higgins Industries

At the peak of its production, Higgins Industries was responsible for 92 percent of the ships in the United States naval fleet and was a major industrial force in the city of New Orleans. The purpose of this research note is to discuss the management practices of Higgins Industries, giving particular attention to the company founder, Andrew Jackson Higgins. Issues surrounding the leadership of Andrew Higgins, attempts to build community and manage performance of Higgins employees, and labor relations are discussed in detail. At the conclusion of the note, trends are discerned that help explain the success of Higgins Industries and the legacy of Higgins is discussed.
MPEG-2 MOTION ESTIMATION USING A PC CLUSTER

Motion estimation is the most computing-intensive component of the MPEG-2 encoding process. It refers to the action of searching for the closest prediction of a certain image block. The more accurate the prediction, the better the achieved compression and quality are. The optimal solution is guaranteed by performing an exhaustive search for all possible predictions for a certain block. The motion estimation component is characterized by a polynomial time, and is responsible for about 90% of the encoding time. In this article the search time is reduced by parallelizing the block matching search algorithm, used in addition to the partial distance method to prevent useless but time-expensive calculations. Partial distance and pixel spiral summation order are used to reduce the time spent on error summation. Experimental results show that significant improvements in performance can be made. The encoding time using a 128 × 128 window is reduced from 14 sec/frame, in the sequential case, to 3.2 sec/frame, about five times faster, using six Pentium 450 MHz in parallel.
Corrosion-Sensing Behavior of an Acrylic-Based Coating System

Abstract Paint systems containing color-change or fluorescing compounds were found to be sensitive to underlying corrosion processes by reacting to the pH increase associated with the cathodic reac...
Evaluation of IMRT for institutions participating in NCI sponsored clinical trials

Materials/Methods The phantoms consist of a plastic outer shell and internal structures to represent anatomy. A thorax phantom contains lung-equivalent regions, one of which contains a GTV. A pelvic phantom contains structures representing the prostate, rectum, and bladder. A third IMRT phantom mimics the head and neck region and contains structures representing a planning target volume (PTV) close to an organ at risk (OAR), simulating an orophanryngeal tumor and the spinal cord. The phantom contains a secondary PTV that simulates peripheral nodes. In each phantom, thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were embedded in each target volume and several of the OARs, and GafChromic® film was inserted in two or three planes through the PTVs. Institutions were instructed to fill the shell with water on-site, image the phantom, plan a treatment according to RPC guidelines and irradiate the phantom. The institutions were also asked to follow the QA procedures that would be done for a patient. Upon completion the institutions returned the phantom to the RPC. The TLD and film were evaluated by the RPC. Conclusion Failures occurred in irradiations delivered by a variety of models of linear accelerator and planned with several treatment planning systems (TPS). Somewhat consistent behavior was seen among the TPSs, although no trends were apparent among the delivery devices. The phantom was valuable for evaluating IMRT treatments at institutions preparing to participate in advanced technology clinical trials.
Dynamic programming and adaptive processes: Mathematical foundation

In many engineering, economic, biological, and statistical control processes, a decision-making device is called upon to perform tinder various conditions of uncertainty regarding underlying physical processes. These conditions range from complete knowledge to total ignorance. As the process unfolds, additional information may become available to the controlling element, which then has the possibility of “learning” to improve its performance based upon experience; i.e., the controlling element may adapt itself to its environment. On a grand scale, situations of this type occur in the development of physical theories throgh the mutual interplay of experimentation and theory; on a smaller scale they occur in connection with the design of learning servomechanisms and adaptive filters. The central purpose of this paper is to lay a foundation for the mathematical treatment of broad classes of such adaptive processes. This is accomplished through use of the concepts of dynamic programming. Subsequent papers will be devoted to specific applications in different fields and various theoretical extensions.
Frequency-domain subsystem identification with application to modeling human control behavior

Abstract We present a frequency-domain subsystem identification algorithm that identifies unknown feedback and feedforward subsystems that are interconnected with a known subsystem. This method requires only accessible input and output measurements, applies to linear time-invariant subsystems, and uses a candidate-pool approach to ensure asymptotic stability of the identified closed-loop transfer function. We analyze the algorithm in the cases of noiseless and noisy data. The main analytic result of this paper shows that the coefficients of the identified feedback and feedforward transfer functions are arbitrarily close to the true coefficients if the data noise is sufficiently small and the candidate pool is sufficiently dense. This subsystem identification approach has application to modeling the control behavior of humans interacting with and receiving feedback from a dynamic system. We apply the algorithm to data from a human-in-the-loop experiment to model a human’s control behavior.
Child Abuse and Neglect and Sexual Abuse

The definition, incidence, and etiology of child abuse are discussed followed by a study of the characteristics of the abusing parent and the abused child, an examination of the environmental factors that play a role in abuse, a review of effective treatment programs, a discussion of hospital management, plus a study of the incidence and treatment of child sexual abuse.
Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines

Although the third leading cancer in incidence following breast and prostate, lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer death in the United States. The majority of lung cancer cases are detected at an advanced stage when surgical resection is no longer an option. Recent research has concluded that lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography for specific high-risk groups may reduce lung cancer mortality. Public awareness and the need for current information are growing regarding the state of the science relative to lung cancer screening for individuals at high risk for lung cancer. This article provides a historical perspective on the topic of lung cancer screening. The risks and benefits of screening are discussed, and current clinical practice guidelines are reviewed. Oncology nurses will need to be cognizant of the risks, benefits, and current guidelines related to lung cancer screening as they support patients and their families making informed decisions about personal health care.
Flexural Electromechanical Coupling: A Nanoscale Emergent Property of Boron Nitride Bilayers

The symmetry properties of atomically thin boron nitride (BN) monolayers endow them with piezoelectric properties, whereas the bulk parent crystal of stacked BN layers is not piezoelectric. This suggests potential for unusual electromechanical properties in the few layer regime. In this work, we explore this regime and discover that a bilayer consisting of two BN monolayers exhibits a strong mechanical coupling between curvature and electric fields. Using a mechanical model with parameters obtained from density functional theory, we find that these bilayers amplify in-plane piezoelectric displacements by exceedingly large factors on the order of 103–104. We find that this type of electromechanical coupling is an emergent nanoscale property that occurs only for the case of two stacked BN monolayers.
Short-time diffusivity of dicolloids.

The short-time diffusivity of dicolloid particles as a function of particle volume fraction $\ensuremath{\phi}$ from $0.01\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\le}0.6$ is measured using diffusing wave spectroscopy. The diffusivities of symmetric and asymmetric dicolloids are compared with similarly sized spheres. The short-time diffusivity is independent of salt concentration and decreases with increasing volume fraction for both spheres and asymmetric dicolloids. Symmetric dicolloids have a higher diffusivity than spheres at similar volume fractions. This difference is accounted for by rescaling the dicolloid volume fraction based on the ratio of the random close-packing volume fractions of spheres and dicolloids. Finally, a useful method is provided for calculating the diffusivity of symmetric dicolloid particles of arbitrary aspect ratio based on the calculated hydrodynamic resistance of Zabarankin [Proc. R. Soc. A 463, 2329 (2007)].
Letter by Chan Regarding Article, “The Utility of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Post–Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Patients With an Initial Nonshockable Rhythm”

Using data from the 6-center Penn Alliance for Therapeutic Hypothermia (PATH) registry, Perman et al1 found that patients with a nonshockable cardiac arrest treated with therapeutic hypothermia had a ≈3-fold increased odds of both survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological survival. The authors posited that their analysis was more rigorous than previous observational studies, because they used a propensity score analysis to mimic a quasi-experimental design. Although the authors are to be lauded for addressing this important clinical question, their analyses are limited in several ways. First, a propensity score is only as useful …
Diffused Impacts of Electoral Policy: Proportional Representation as the Best Option for the American Presidency

An earnest evaluation of any public policy, including electoral policy, must not only measure policy results but also must take into account the "diffused impacts" of the policy. In other words, when judging the effectiveness of a public policy, the unintended consequences must not be overlooked. Through the analysis of two critical diffused impacts (third party viability and competitiveness) of four possible electoral policies (winner-take-all, state-by-state Electoral College; winner-take-all, national popular vote; winner-take-all, congressional districts Electoral College; and proportional representation, state-by-state Electoral College) it is concluded that proportional representation is the best option for the American Presidency.
Asparaginase pharmacology: challenges still to be faced

The benefits of asparaginase (ASNASE) in the treatment of ALL and NHL are indisputable and new ASNASE preparations are under clinical development to overcome limitations of the actual ASNASE therapy, especially immunogenicity. Apart from ALL and NHL further indications of ASNASE are preclinically and clinically evaluated. We reviewed ASNASE literature and especially focused on the mechanism of action, on biomarker, which determine ASNASE sensitivity and resistance, and on ASNASE pharmacodynamics in vivo. More than 40 years after the clinical introduction of ASNASE its mechanism of action is yet not fully understood. Studies on asparagine synthetase (ASNS) as biomarker for ASNASE resistance are contradictory and complicated by methodological obstacles. The role of glutamine hydrolysis for ASNASE efficacy is still debated, other mechanisms are possibly not yet identified. In addition, individual pharmacokinetic/-dynamic relationships cannot be properly addressed because of methodological limitations. More sophisticated preclinical models and suitable methods for monitoring of ASNASE pharmacodynamics are urgently needed (1) to understand the mechanism of action, (2) to establish valid biomarkers for ASNASE sensitivity and resistance, (3) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics/-dynamics of ASNASEs in individual patients, and (4) to compare the bioequivalence of clinically established, as well as new ASNASE preparations.
High-risk Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Failed Freestyle Valve with Low Coronary Height: A Case Report

A 55-year-old male with a history of two prior cardiac surgeries presented with decompensated heart failure due to severe bioprosthetic aortic valve insufficiency. A third operation was viewed prohibitively high risk and valve-in-valve trans-catheter aortic valve replacement was considered. There were however several high-risk features and technically challenging aspects including low coronary ostia height, poor visualization of the aortic sinuses, and difficulty in identification of the coplanar view due to severe aortic insufficiency, and a highly mobile aortic valve mass. After meticulous peri-procedural planning, trans-catheter aortic valve replacement was carried out with a SAPIEN 3 balloon-expandable valve without any complication. Strategies undertaken to navigate the technically challenging aspects of the case are discussed.
Experimental Animal Models for Investigating Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Preclinical Therapeutic Approaches

Advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poorly responsive to conventional treatment including most chemotherapeutic drugs, hormones and radiation therapy. Although recent developments in anti-angiogenic therapy have improved targeting these highly vascularized tumors, the treatment of metastatic disease has been and remains a difficult clinical challenge. Pre-clinical studies in animal tumor models of RCC are essential to address new therapeutic approaches for metastatic disease. Previous studies have shown that animal models are also useful to improve our understanding of the progression and molecular genetics of the disease in order to tailor the proper therapy to each type and stage of RCC. The goals of this chapter are to review various experimental RCC models used in numerous preclinical studies and provide an update on recent developments in this field.
If Liberals Knew Themselves Better, Conservatives Might Like Them Better

The standard liberal positions on free speech, religious neutrality, and atheism all reflect their religious origins. Because American secular liberalism and American religious conservatism have a common ancestor, it is possible for liberals to describe aspirations that have more in common with the religious, and thus more rhetorical power, than the arguments that they now tend to offer.
CASAAV Technology to Examine Regulators of Heart Failure: Cause or Effect.

Clinicians understand heart failure (HF) as a syndrome which is characterized by a cluster of symptoms and signs that are the physiological consequence of cardiac dysfunction. Patients with HF commonly experience shortness of breath, cough and wheeze, fatigue, peripheral swelling, and loss of appetite.1 By the time HF becomes clinically apparent, the changes to myocardium are already profound. A period of subclinical HF progression can occur undetected for years. During the preclinical period, cellular remodeling of cardiomyocytes occurs, but its upstream regulators are poorly understood. Article, see p 1874 As scientists, we are challenged to distinguish key upstream cardiomyocyte regulators of early cellular remodeling from the massive changes that occur in more advanced failing muscle. When we are able to separate cause from effect in HF progression, a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic solutions could be available. Clinical practice will improve with a better understanding of the early pathological alterations in cardiac muscle cells, which occur within otherwise grossly normal muscle. The cardiomyocyte structures responsible for regulating intracellular calcium transients and with that both systolic and diastolic function are the t-tubule membrane invaginations and associated cardiac dyads. Scientists have recently made major strides in understanding t-tubule organization and its alteration in failing hearts.2 Key proteins involved in maintaining t-tubule structures and their microdomains have been proposed, of which the most well-characterized include JPH2 (junctophilin-2)3,4 and CAV3 (caveolin 3).5 Recently, a membrane scaffolding protein BIN1 (bridging integrator I, also known as amphiphysin II) has emerged as being responsible for t-tubule …
Racial disparity in Hodgkin lymphoma response to initial treatment in the inner city population.

e19556 Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most curable malignancies. Studies have shown that lower socioeconomic status (SES) and minority patients may have worse outcomes compared to ...
Structural basis of antifreeze activity of a bacterial multi-domain antifreeze protein

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) enhance the survival of organisms inhabiting cold environments by affecting the formation and/or structure of ice. We report the crystal structure of the first multi-domain AFP that has been characterized. The two ice binding domains are structurally similar. Each consists of an irregular β-helix with a triangular cross-section and a long α-helix that runs parallel on one side of the β-helix. Both domains are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. A flat plane on the same face of each domain’s β-helix was identified as the ice binding site. Mutating any of the smaller residues on the ice binding site to bulkier ones decreased the antifreeze activity. The bulky side chain of Leu174 in domain A sterically hinders the binding of water molecules to the protein backbone, partially explaining why antifreeze activity by domain A is inferior to that of domain B. Our data provide a molecular basis for understanding differences in antifreeze activity between the two domains of this protein and general insight on how structural differences in the ice-binding sites affect the activity of AFPs.
Prolonged Severe Hypoglycemia in a Pediatric Patient With Type 1 Diabetes.

A 13-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes presented to the emergency department (ED) after being found unresponsive at home by her mother with a capillary blood glucose (CBG) of 1.488 mmol/L (26.8 mg/dL) (Figure 1). She was given intramuscular (IM) glucagon and intravenous (IV) dextrose by emergency medical services, and her CBG increased to 4.628 mmol/L (83.4 mg/dL) by the time of her ED arrival. FIGURE 1. Timeline of glucose and insulin levels during admission. The line is glucose levels, squares are insulin levels, and arrows indicate times of glucagon doses given, 1 mg each. At presentation, she was diaphoretic and somnolent, with an otherwise unremarkable exam, body temperature 37°C (98.6°F), heart rate 93 beats/min, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, blood pressure 103/62 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 99%. Other significant admission laboratory values were sodium 139 mmol/L, potassium 3.6 mmol/L, carbon dioxide 23 mmol/L, creatinine 32 μmol/L, magnesium 0.86 mmol/L, phosphorus 1.35 mmol/L, alanine aminotransferase 95 units/L, and aspartate aminotransferase 75 units/L. While in the ED, her CBG value repeatedly fell to 10 mg/kg/min to maintain euglycemia. She was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further management and careful monitoring. In the ICU, she received intermittent doses of IM glucagon (1 mg each) because of continued hypoglycemia even on continuous dextrose infusion with a GIR of 10 mg/kg/min (Figure 1). With her first glucagon dose, her glucose level rose from 2.09 mmol/L (37.7 mg/dL) to 9.97 mmol/L (179.6 mg/dL) after 20 minutes. On hospital day 2, her dextrose infusion was slowly weaned. At 55 hours from admission, her dextrose infusion was discontinued, and she maintained euglycemia with frequent …
MUSE: A novel approach for slide-free microscopy

Microscopy with UV-surface excitation (MUSE) is a novel technique for rapid, slide-free tissue imaging. This non-destructive, full-color approach replaces standard histology, generates diagnostic-quality images within minutes, and is suitable for remote settings.
On the Slowing Down and Transport of Neutrons in an Infinite Medium

This paper presents the classical problem of time-independent slowing down and transport of neutrons in an infinite planar homogeneous medium with constant cross sections. By applying a Laplace transform with respect to the lethargy variable, the Boltzmann equation describing this problem is brought into the form of a parameter-dependent monenergetic transport equation with anisotropic scattering to all orders in terms of Legendre polynomials. This equation is solved by expansion in singular eigenfunctions. An original expression encompassing previously derived Gaussian and exponential-type formulas is obtained for the asymptotic scalar flux. The phase-space region where the scalar flux changes its behavior from a Gaussian to an exponential type is derived analytically as a function of the scatterer's atomic mass. Analytical comparisons with currently available expressions for the scalar flux are also presented.
Understanding the Fontan Procedure in Congenital Heart Disease Patients and the Importance of Early Hepatology Referrals: A Case Study.

Background Patients with congenital heart disease are surviving into adulthood because of new surgeries developed over the recent decades. One surgery is the Fontan procedure, which is used in patients with only one functioning ventricle. Although it has been saving lives, in the recent years multiple complications have been noted. Objective To discuss the Fontan procedure and inform nurse practitioners in the primary care setting the importance of early screening and referral because of increasing number of liver complications in these patients. This case study highlights the dilemmas a patient with the Fontan procedure faces as a young adult. Methods Evidence-based articles from the PubMed and Embase databases were used to support the case study. Results Patients with the low-pressure Fontan circulation are under chronic passive congestion and have known liver complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and protein-losing enteropathy. This can lead to a high-risk dual organ heart-liver transplant. Conclusions Early screening and referral to a hepatologist are critical in these patients. Implications for nursing Since patients with congenital heart disease often present to the primary care setting, nurse practitioners in this area should understand the Fontan procedure and its associated complications so they can effectively manage these patients.
Radiation exposure of patients during mini C-arm use: an audit in 2032 procedures.

This study aimed to audit large quantities of mini C-arm data used in hand and wrist surgery and to analyse what effect the type and anatomical location of procedures had on screening time and dose...
Dirty and perverse: regulation-induced pollution substitution

Dirty and perverse: regulation—induced pollution substitution Matthew Gibson* April 16, 2014 Abstract Pollution regulations may induce ﬁrm responses that undermine their effectiveness. By regulating air emissions in particular counties, the Clean Air Act (CAA) gives ﬁrms incentives to substitute: 1) toward polluting other media, like landﬁlls and waterways; and 2) toward pol- lution from plants in other counties. Using EPA Toxic Release Inventory data, I examine the effect of CAA regulation on these types of substi- tution. Regulated plants increase their ratio of water to air emissions by 42 percent. In multi—plant ﬁrms, regulation of an average plant in- creases air emissions at unregulated plants by 17 percent, resulting in a net emissions increase. (JEL Q53, Q52, H23) 1 Introduction Not only does air pollution increase mortality (Chay & Greenstone 2003b), there is growing evidence that it reduces productivity (Graff Zivin & Neidell 2012) and human capital (Sanders 2012). In the US the central check on *University of California, San Diego; magibson@ucsd.edu; 9500 Gilman Drive # 0508, La Jolla, CA 92093-0508. I would like to thank Prashant Bharadwaj, Richard Carson, Andrew Chamberlain, Julie Cullen, Joshua Graff Zivin, Michael Greenstone, Kelsey Jack, Mark Jacobsen, Lynn Russell, Jeffrey Shrader, Junjie Zhang and participants in the UC San Diego environmental seminar for invaluable assistance with this project.
A method to efficiently localize non-dominated regions using surrogate modeling with multi-fidelity data from a sequential decision process

In recent studies, it has been shown that models of increasing fidelity can be used in a sequence to efficiently filter out dominated designs from a set of discrete designs under consideration by formally viewing design as a sequential decision process (SDP). In the SDP, efficiency is achieved by first using low-fidelity models to construct bounds on decision criteria that are used to filter out dominated design(s) having only performed inexpensive model evaluations, and then higher-fidelity evaluations are performed to precisely evaluate the decision criteria but only for the candidate design(s) that appear to be promising after the lower-fidelity evaluations. In this paper, a method is presented to leverage the information gained in the SDP for the efficient construction of a surrogate model with high accuracy in non-dominated regions. More specifically, a surrogate modeling method using Gaussian process regression is constructed using a composite data set—exact values of decision criteria obtained by the highest-fidelity evaluation, and bounded values of the decision criteria obtained by low-fidelity evaluations—generated by sequentially evaluating a set of discrete design alternatives using a set of multi-fidelity models to generalize across a continuous design domain. The result is a surrogate model that is highly accurate in the non-dominated region(s) of the design domain, and yet captures the trend of the underlying objective function over the complete design domain without performing expensive model evaluations in regions that are not promising. The utility of the surrogate modeling method is illustrated through two applications.
Clustering-based positive feedback between a kinase and its substrate enables effective T-cell receptor signaling

Protein clusters and condensates are pervasive in mammalian signaling. Yet how the signaling capacity of higher-order assemblies differs from simpler forms of molecular organization is still poorly understood. Here, we present an optogenetic approach to switch between light-induced clusters and simple protein heterodimers with a single point mutation. We apply this system to study how clustering affects signaling from the kinase Zap70 and its substrate LAT, proteins that normally form membrane-localized clusters during T cell activation. We find that light-induced clusters of LAT and Zap70 trigger potent activation of downstream signaling pathways even in non-T cells, whereas one-to-one dimers do not. We provide evidence that clusters harbor a local positive feedback loop between three components: Zap70, LAT, and Src-family kinases that bind to phosphorylated LAT and further activate Zap70. Overall, our study provides evidence for a specific role of protein condensates in cell signaling, and identifies a simple biochemical circuit that can robustly sense protein oligomerization state.
Subleading Shape Functions and the Determination of |V_{ub}|

It is argued that the dominant subleading shape-function contributions to the endpoint region of the charged-lepton energy spectrum in B -> X_u l nu decays can be related in a model-independent way to an integral over the B -> X_s gamma photon spectrum. The square root of the fraction of B -> X_u l nu events with charged-lepton energy above E_0=2.2 GeV can be calculated with a residual theoretical uncertainty from subleading shape-function effects that it safely below the 10% level. These effects have therefore a minor impact on the determination of |V_{ub}|.
Aggregate Interactome Based on Protein-Crosslinking Interfaces Predicts Drug Targets to Limit Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases hinges on detection of “seed” proteins in disease-specific aggregates. These inclusions contain diverse constituents, adhering through aberrant interactions that our prior data indicate are nonrandom. To define preferential protein-protein contacts mediating aggregate coalescence, we created click-chemistry reagents that crosslink neighboring proteins within human, APPSw-driven, neuroblastoma-cell aggregates. These reagents incorporate a biotinyl group to efficiently recover linked tryptic-peptide pairs. Mass-spectroscopy outputs were screened for all possible peptide pairs in the aggregate proteome. These empirical linkages, ranked by abundance, implicate a protein-adherence network termed the “aggregate-contactome.” Critical hubs and hub-hub interactions were assessed by RNAi-mediated rescue of chemotaxis in aging nematodes, and aggregation-driving properties were inferred by multivariate-regression and neural-network approaches. Aspirin, while disrupting aggregation, greatly simplified the aggregate contactome. This approach, and the dynamic model of aggregate accrual it implies, reveal the architecture of insoluble-aggregate networks and highlight influential proteins asnovel targets to ameliorate protein-aggregation diseases.
Stretching the limits: New flow-SANS experiments provide unprecedented characterization of polymer deformations in extreme flows

Polymers in dilute solution are important to a wide range of fluid technologies and processes including lubrication, enhanced oil recovery, turbulent drag reduction and inkjet printing. Common to m...
Comparison of Microsphere Injection Performances in Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs

Polymeric microspheres have attracted great attention owing to the unique properties for oil production improvement. The study reports the laboratory study on the efficiency of microsphere injection in permeable carbonates in comparison with that in sandstones by both coreflooding and micromodel displacement tests at reservoir conditions. The injection procedures started with water-flooding, followed by 1 pore volume of microsphere injection then post waterflooding. The effects of core lithology and wettability were investigated. The coreflooding displacement with one pore volume microsphere injection demonstrated higher oil production in the oil-wet carbonate cores than the water-wet sandstone cores with similar permeability. The differential pressure data indicated that microspheres reduced the permeability in carbonates more effectively than that in sandstone cores. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the nature carbonates made the microsphere work better compared with the homogenous sandstone outcrops. Microsphere injection with larger particle size yielded higher oil production in carbonates. However, the two microsphere samples had similar oil production in sandstone core plugs. The micromodel tests confirmed the higher oil production in oil-wet micromodel. The wettability of the micromodel affected the distribution patterns of the remaining oil after waterflooding and further dominated the performance of the microsphere injection. The study provides insights of microsphere injection in both carbonate and sandstone cores and supports the applicability of microsphere injection in the heterogeneous carbonates.
Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Risk Factors: General Concepts

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. All nations in the world are impacted. The incidence and prevalence of CVD are rising throughout the world, and the socioeconomic cost of this epidemic is straining the health care budgets of all nations. Cardiovascular epidemiology has identified environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors that are associated with either (a) protection from cardiovascular disease (CVD) or (b) increased predisposition to this group of illnesses. Protective factors include regular exercise, increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Mediterranean diet, increased consumption of polyunsaturated fats, and moderate alcohol intake. Predisposing factors include increased burden of atherogenic lipoproteins (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant lipoproteins), smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity, diabetes mellitus, and heightened systemic inflammatory tone. Cardiovascular epidemiology has made possible the identification of treatable, reversible risk factors for CVD. By testing the impact of specific interventions on individual risk factors in prospective, randomized clinical trials, it has been possible to quantitatively determine the benefits of such treatments compared to either placebo or a different treatment. Cardiovascular epidemiology has shown that risk factors behave essentially the same way in both men and women and people of all races and ethnic groups. Great effort needs to be made to identify patients with risk factor burdens and treat them earlier, more cost effectively, and more aggressively so as to lower the rate of rise in global CVD.
Fever, rash, pruritus: Sweet syndrome.

The patient received intramuscular and oral antibiotics at an urgent care center, but the symptoms worsened.