cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smart Web-Based Air Traffic Control Training Technology

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Academy is challenged with limited availability of Air Traffic Control (ATC) training technologies for their trainees. Due to the number of trainees and cost of operation of ATC labs, trainees can only practice for limited amounts of time, hindering their learning experience. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University is tasked with building a lightweight and web-based en route ATC simulator that mimics the FAA en route automation environment, allowing trainees to practice ATC scenarios at their own pace. The proposed simulation technology, namely ATC Scenario Training Technology (ASTT) mimics En Route Automation and Modernization (ERAM) functionalities and provides a web-based practice platform to en route trainees, as well as hints on their performance, without requiring any external human or system actors when running a scenario.This research tackled the issue of how to algorithmically fulfil the role of the pilot, the adjacent sector controllers, and the ATC instructor in a browser-based ATC training environment. Several criteria were identified as requirements for such a system to be implemented on the ASTT server to play the role of the above-mentioned actors.In this paper, we present the web-based ATC training environment by detailing the tool features and its unique feedback capabilities serving as an automated supervisory training platform. Front-end as well as back-end mechanism of ASTT technology will be discussed, highlighting tool’s design and operation details.
Burrowing behavior and burrowing energetics of a bioindicator under human disturbance

Bioindicator species are extensively used for rapid assessment of ecological changes. Their use commonly focuses on changes in population abundance and individual sizes in response to environmental change. These numerical and demographic shifts likely have behavioral and physiological mechanistic drivers that, if understood, could provide additional insights into the use of these species as bioindicators of habitat health.The Atlantic ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, is a global bioindicator species of human disturbance on sandy shores. Individual size and population abundance of O. quadrata decline dramatically at sites with human disturbance, and the causes of this phenomenon remain unclear.Here, we test the hypothesis that individual and population-level changes at disturbed sites reflect changes in burrowing behavior and energetics. Specifically, we examine whether or not the burrowing behavior (e.g., burrow fidelity and longevity) of O. quadrata changes because of human disturbance. We also examine energy required for burrowing by O. quadrata across different levels of human disturbance.We show that O. quadrata have the highest burrow fidelity and longevity at sites with low level of human impact, and weakest burrow fidelity and longevity at pristine sites. O. quadrata reduce the burrowing energy allocation by manipulating the burrow dimension and increasing the burrow longevity even under low levels of human disturbance.Overall, this study shows that human disturbances not only change the behavior of organisms, but also shift energetic balance. Our results support the use of a bioenergetic approach to better understand how human disturbances influence natural populations, and the specific use of this approach with this bioindicator species.
Supporting Public Health Employee Engagement and Retention: One U.S. National Center's Analysis and Approach

Background: Employee engagement, exemplified by positive perceptions of supervisors, workplace, and job, improves productivity and employee retention. We identified the extent of and barriers to employee engagement at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP). Methods: In 2015, NCHHSTP's leadership collected baseline data through a centerwide Employee Engagement Pulse Survey (EEPS) from NCHHSTP's full-time Civil Service employees, U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps officers, and Title 42 service fellows. EEPS included six demographic questions; nine Likert-type scale questions measuring 26 perceptions related to immediate supervisors, the work environment, and job satisfaction; and four open-ended questions soliciting recommendations for improvement. Findings: Among 727 of 1,171 staff (response rate = 62%), positive perceptions of supervisors ranged from a high of 94% (supervisor conducts performance reviews) to a low of 63% (supervisor assists employees with career development). Perceptions of work experience ranged from 98% (respondents were willing to put in extra effort to get a job done) to 68% (respondents' talents were used well in the workplace). Perceptions of job satisfaction ranged from 87% (support from their coworkers) to 69% (satisfaction with opportunities to learn or grow professionally). Conclusion/Application to Practice: Overall, NCHHSTP staff have positive perceptions of their work, their leaders, and the agency. Other public- and private-sector employers might be able to improve their employees' engagement and retention by listening to their opinions and needs and frequently recognizing their individual achievements. NCHHSTP's workforce development initiatives can be used as a model for assessing a baseline of their employees' engagement.
Achieving Participation-Focused Intervention Through Shared Decision Making: Proposal of an Age- and Disorder-Generic Framework

Introduction The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health calls on speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to provide care that impacts all aspects of an individual's experience with a communication disorder, including their participation in valued life situations. However, SLPs often report feeling unprepared to implement and document interventions that target life participation. The purpose of this article is to propose a framework to guide participation-focused intervention practices. This age- and disorder-generic framework is designed to be applicable with clients across the variety of settings in which SLPs work. Method In this clinical focus article, we draw on past research and clinical experience to propose a restructuring of World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health components such that participation is the primary focus and outcomes indicator for intervention. In this framework, a specific communicative participation situation is identified and assessed quantitatively, and a corresponding participation-focused goal is established through shared decision making. Following that, assessments are conducted and goals are established in the areas of communication skills, physical and social environments, and personal perspectives. Results The proposed framework provides a concrete organizational structure as well as assessment, goal-writing, and intervention examples to assist SLPs in translating theoretical biopsychosocial frameworks into clinical practices. Conclusions SLPs can and do provide holistic communication services to clients to help them achieve their life participation goals. This article provides an example as to how we can document the need for, as well as the value and impact of our important work, meeting the diverse life participation needs of clients. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12360758.
Fuel cell transmission integrated grid energy resources to support generation-constrained power systems

Abstract This paper estimates operational benefits and opportunities for utility-scale, distributed generation resources, called Transmission Integrated Grid Energy Resource (TIGER) stations herein, to support the electric power grid. Efficient, near-zero-emissions, high-temperature Fuel Cells fed by natural gas, operate as the generation source. For analysis, we use the real-world case of the transmission system in Southern California associated with the closure of the San Onofre nuclear power plant, which triggered the need for supplemental generation support and grid reliability. In this context, TIGER stations emerge as an opportunity to enhance grid characteristics. Steady-state power flow simulations were carried out for different TIGER station deployments. Results show that TIGER stations reduce line losses and provide local voltage support. The installation of only three TIGER stations operating at 70 MW/70 MVAR, or 100 MVAR each, was able to maintain voltage throughout at 0.98 p.u. or above when it otherwise had dropped to near 0.92 p.u. when the 2.0 GW nuclear plant went offline. The best TIGER placement was proven to always be at the weakest point in the system (at the end of the circuit, at the lowest voltage bus) as opposed to being distributed across nearby buses.
How Online Grocery Stores Support Consumer Nutrition Information Needs.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the availability of nutrition-related information and features on leading online grocery store Web sites. Methods Twelve US grocery Web sites were assessed to determine (1) if Nutrition Facts panel or ingredient statements were available for 26 food items; and (2) if options to filter or sort search results by nutrition-related food attributes were available. Results Nutrition Facts panel and ingredient statement information were available for most foods for which this information is required on product packaging (85% of foods). Most stores offered the ability to filter food search results by a nutrition-related food attribute. The ability to sort search results by a nutrition attribute was not an option at any of the stores. Conclusions and Implications Online grocery stores include a variety of nutrition-related features. However, the Nutrition Facts panel and ingredient statement information are not universally available for foods for which this information is required on product packaging.
Long-Lived Radioactive Carbon: C 14

A long-lived activity has been obtained by deuteron bombardment of graphite. This activity has been shown by chemical methods to be isotopic with carbon. The same activity has been obtained by slow neutron irradiation of nitrogenous compounds (N${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$N${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, N${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, etc.). The radiations consist of low energy negative electrons with a range of 19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ aluminum (145\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 kev upper energy limit). No soft or hard gamma-rays could be detected. The nuclear reactions must be ${\mathrm{C}}^{13} (d,p) {\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{14} (n,p) {\mathrm{C}}^{14}$. A sample has been followed in a screen wall Geiger counter for 9 months and has shown no decay. From cross section and yield estimates the half-life of ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ is probably ${10}^{3}$-${10}^{5}$ years. The production, isolation, and detection of ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ for tracer work is described.
Conditioned to care: Gender differences in entrepreneurs’ socially responsible behaviors

Relatively little research examines the microfoundations of social responsibility in the small business setting, despite the demonstrated importance of entrepreneurs’ socially responsible behavior ...
Utilizing patient perception of group treatment in exploring medication adherence, social support, and quality of life outcomes in people who inject drugs with hepatitis C

People who inject drugs (PWID) have a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Group treatment is a practical option for addressing barriers to treatment in this population. Prior research on group treatment has resulted in mixed conclusions about its effectiveness in addressing barriers to treatment. A patient's perception of the group environment may help to explain this variability. This study sought to explore the association between indicators of group treatment environment and improved outcomes in HCV-infected PWID. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial exploring different models of treatment for HCV in a PWID population consisted of 42 participants randomized to the group treatment branch of the trial. Independent variables consisted of group sessions attended and group climate constructs of engagement, conflict, and avoidance. Dependent variables consisted of medication adherence, social support, and health-related quality of life. The study implemented generalized estimating equations to assess associations with the outcomes at the end of treatment. Factors indicative of group treatment environment were related to medication adherence and other barriers to health for HCV-infected PWID: social support and health-related quality of life. Perceptions of conflict or avoidance were associated with worse outcomes, while increased session attendance was generally associated with better outcomes. The study attests to the importance of examining group environment factors during treatment interventions. Although preliminary, the study provides specific indicators of treatment success for HCV-infected PWID and practical implications to improve patients' health outcomes and better tailor treatment to the patient.
Evaluation of thermodynamic simulation (FactSage) for the interpretation of the presence of phases and the firing behavior of triaxial ceramics

Abstract The present work provides an evaluation of the thermodynamic calculation, using the FactSage software, which allows the study of the interaction of a system of various oxides. It started with the examination of the crystalline phases present in the raw materials indicated by the FactSage and compared with the analysis by XRD. Subsequently, the crystalline phases and the amount of liquid phase predicted by the software at different firing temperatures were analyzed. These results were compared with experimental data and records from the literature. The FactSage showed consistent results, managing to indicate the presence of the main phases in the raw materials; however, the actual and predicted secondary phases did not always coincide. The type of phase in the firing was correctly indicated, tridymite (stable phase above 867 °C), mullite and liquid phase, but their quantity in relation to the firing temperature was quite different from the experimental data.
Understanding Physicians’ Preferences for Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study

Background: In contrast to the current broad dissemination of telemedicine across medical specialties, previous research focused on the effectiveness of telemedicine in special populations and for behavioral health encounters, demonstrating that both physician and patient factors impact the efficacious use of telemedicine. Objective: We aim to evaluate physician perceptions of the appropriateness of telemedicine for patients attending the primary care practices of a federally qualified health center in New York City. Methods: We used an anonymous cross-sectional survey including closed- and open-ended questions. We used chi-square to test whether providers from certain specialties were more likely to state they would use telemedicine in the future. We used t tests to compare age between those who would versus would not use telemedicine. We then used logistic regression to test whether age and specialty were both correlated with the desire to use telemedicine in the future. We used thematic content analysis to describe the reasons providers felt they would not want to use telemedicine in the future and to describe the situations for which they felt telemedicine would be appropriate. Results: Of 272 health care providers who were sent the electronic survey, 157 (58%) responded within the 2-week survey time frame. The mean age of providers was 45 (range 28-75) years. Overall, 80% (126/157) stated they would use telemedicine in the future. Compared to the family medicine, internal medicine, behavioral health, dental, and obstetrics and gynecology specialties, providers from pediatrics, med-peds, subspecialties, and surgery (protelemedicine specialties) were more likely to believe telemedicine would be useful post pandemic (61/67 [91%] vs 65/90 [72%]; P<.001). Providers who reported they would use telemedicine in the future were younger (mean age 44, range 42-46 years vs mean age 50, range 46-55 years; P=.048). In the regression analysis, both protelemedicine specialties and age were significantly associated with odds of reporting they would use telemedicine in the future (prospecialties: odds ratio 5.2, 95% CI 1.7-16.2; younger age: odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08). Providers who did not want to use telemedicine in the future cited concerns about inadequate patient care, lack of physical patient interaction, technology issues, and lack of necessity. Providers who felt telemedicine would be useful cited the following situations: follow-up visits, medication refills, urgent care, patient convenience, and specific conditions such as behavioral health, dermatology visits, and chronic care management. Conclusions: The majority of health providers in this resource-limited setting in a federally qualified health center believed that telemedicine would be useful for providing care after the pandemic is over.
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors modulate keratinocyte migration

Keratinocyte migration into skin wounds is the step of the healing process that correlates with the wound closure rate. Keratinocyte migration, and wound epithelialization are decreased when beta 2-adrenergic receptors (B2AR) are activated by 1 μM epinephrine/adrenaline, resulting in delayed wound healing in human and mouse skin. In the present study, we found paradoxically, that in a subset of keratinocyte strains exposure to low concentrations of epinephrine (0.1 nM) increased, rather than decreased, their migratory rate. We find that both the alpha- and the beta-adrenergic receptors are expressed in human keratinocytes, and expression of alpha-2 AR subtypes demonstrated for the first time. Therefore, we tested if the alpha-AR could be modulating the increased migratory response observed in these cell strains. By using specific inhibitors to alpha-AR, we demonstrated that blocking A2B-AR could reverse the rapid cell migration induced by the 0.1 nM epinephrine. Phosphorylation of ERK was elevated after 1-10 minutes of the low epinephrine treatment and the A2B-AR inhibitor blocked the ERK phosphorylation. The results suggest that both the A2B-AR and B2AR mediate keratinocyte migration, in which with a low level of epinephrine treatment, A2B-AR could alter the B2AR signals and regulate the migration rate.
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) Growth in Aging Ears with Clinically Normal Behavioral Thresholds

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a devastating public health issue. To successfully address ARHL using existing and future treatments, it is imperative to detect the earliest signs of age-related auditory decline and understand the mechanisms driving it. Here, we explore early signs of age-related auditory decline by characterizing cochlear function in 199 ears aged 10–65 years, all of which had clinically defined normal hearing (i.e., behavioral thresholds ≤ 25 dB HL from .25 to 8 kHz bilaterally) and no history of noise exposure. We characterized cochlear function by measuring behavioral thresholds in two paradigms (traditional audiometric thresholds from .25 to 8 kHz and Bekesy tracking thresholds from .125 to 20 kHz) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) growth functions at f2 = 2, 4, and 8 kHz. Behavioral thresholds through a standard clinical frequency range (up to 8 kHz) showed statistically, but not clinically, significant declines across increasing decades of life. In contrast, DPOAE growth measured in the same frequency range showed clear declines as early 30 years of age, particularly across moderate stimulus levels (L2 = 25–45 dB SPL). These substantial declines in DPOAE growth were not fully explained by differences in behavioral thresholds measured in the same frequency region. Additionally, high-frequency Bekesy tracking thresholds above ~11.2 kHz showed frank declines with increasing age. Collectively, these results suggest that early age-related cochlear decline (1) begins as early as the third or fourth decade of life, (2) is greatest in the cochlear base but apparent through the length of the cochlear partition, (3) cannot be detected fully by traditional clinical measures, and (4) is likely due to a complex mix of etiologies.
Failed Strategy: Using Trade Secret Laws to Assert Ownership of Employees' Social Media Accounts in the Journalism Industry

It’s the policy of an increasing number of news outlets to retain ownership of the professional social media accounts of their reporters. In the first case of its kind in the United States, one media company took a former employee to court over the question of ownership. The Roanoke Times in Virginia filed a suit in 2018 against a former sports reporter, alleging a breach of its social media policy. The reporter, who left his position at The Times for a competing news outlet, took with him the Twitter account he had used as part of his work with the outlet. This article explores a host of uncharted legal implications pertinent to this case and argues that utilizing trade secret laws to assert ownership of an employee’s account(s), a strategy used in The Times case and several other lawsuits, is an ill-fitted approach. Social media accounts and their associated followers are not “secret,” no matter the industry. A comprehensive policy could prevent legal action in the first place by providing employees with guidelines that address a myriad of issues discussed in this paper. The authors offer provisions of a policy that would protect news outlets while also acknowledging the importance of social media accounts to the livelihood of journalists and to the free flow of information from journalists to the public.
Introduction to Aesthetics: An Analytic Approach

This book is an introduction to aesthetics, from the perspective of analytic philosophy. It traces aesthetics from its ancient beginnings through the changes it underwent in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and the first half of the twentieth century. The responses in the 1960s of the cultural theories to these earlier developments are discussed in detail. Five traditional art evaluational theories, Beardsley's and Goodman's evaluational theories, and the author's own evaluational theory are presented. Four miscellaneous topics are discussed - internationalist criticism, symbolism, metaphor, and expression.
Chemical Synthesis under High Pressure Shock Loading

Many reports of chemical synthesis under high pressure shock loading have been published over the past thirty years, but little progress has been made in developing an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the observed effects. Indeed, there remains significant skepticism as to the credibility of many experiments. Certain of the skepticism is based on a “benign shock compression” paradigm in which chemical changes are not expected to occur in a perfect lattice description of solids in thermodynamic equilibrium on the microsecond duration of the shock-compression event. This paper discusses the current status of studies in shock-induced solid state chemistry. It is observed that it is relatively easy to initiate and control chemical reactions in shock-loaded powder materials. In solids it is well known that chemical changes are controlled by defects at all levels from atomic and microstructural to continuum. A major program to study shock-induced modification of inorganic powders provides explicit evidence for unusually large plastic deformation and resulting defect structures. Shock-modified powders also show major enhancements in solid state reactivity in post-shock experiments. Currently, two systems are found to provide a basis for studying controlled chemical synthesis. Intermetallic alloys have been found to be produced in a controlled manner from mechanical mixtures of aluminum with either nickel or titanium. Optical measurements show that a strong chemical reaction is induced on a 100 nanosecond time scale in such aluminum-nickel mixtures under shock compression. The nonferrous metal oxide-ferric oxide system is another promising chemical system in which mixtures of zinc oxide and ferric oxide readily form a zinc-deficient zinc ferrite. Shock-induced chemical synthesis appears to provide a significant opportunity for the synthesis of new materials. Study of chemical effects associated with shock loading provides a new probe of shock-compression processes and current descriptions of the conditions under which they can occur suggest that chemical effects may be ubiquitous in fully dense materials encountered in shock compression studies.
Abstract 18048: Short and Long Term Mortality in Women and Men Undergoing Primary Angioplasty: a Comprehensive Meta-analysis

Introduction: Women with acute myocardial infarction are treated less aggressively than men and have a higher mortality. It is possible that the reported differences in outcome by sex are a result of differences in baseline risk and hospital management. We hypothesized that mortality would be similar among a cohort of women and men receiving guideline recommended reperfusion therapy for STEMI with primary PCI. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of studies of patients with STEMI referred for primary PCI. PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched. Studies reporting 30-day and long-term gender specific crude mortality rates and or adjusted effect estimates in STEMI patients undergoing PCI were identified. Pooled effect estimates were calculated with random effects models. Results: A total of 33 studies, involving 67,875 patients, (17,093 women and 50,782 men) were included in the analysis. As compared to men, women were older, had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, Killip...
Quality level assessment of manufacturing systems based on subjective inspection

To evaluate the quality level of a manufacturing cell or of a process whose acceptance is based on subjective calls from inspectors, it is necessary to construct factors according to the capability of the inspection methods and the manufacturing characteristics of the process. Due to such subjectivity, evaluation factors and acceptance criteria are established. The author presents the application of a dual-level fuzzy model that does allow a quality engineer to assess quality levels for a manufacturing cell under a subjective inspection environment. The model is tested with manual TIG welding data from five welding teams. The result shows an effective approach to determine quality levels when the nature of the inspection is imprecise and subjective. >
The Drosophila SDE3 homolog armitage is required for oskar mRNA silencing and embryonic axis specification

Polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton during early oogenesis is required to specify the posterior of the Drosophila oocyte, which is essential for asymmetric mRNA localization during mid-oogenesis and for embryonic axis specification. The posterior determinant oskar mRNA is translationally silent until mid-oogenesis. We show that mutations in armitage and three components of the RNAi pathway disrupt oskar mRNA translational silencing, polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton, and posterior localization of oskar mRNA. armitage encodes a homolog of SDE3, a presumptive RNA helicase involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing (RNAi) in Arabidopsis, and is required for RNAi in Drosophila ovaries. Armitage forms an asymmetric network associated with the polarized microtubule cytoskeleton and is concentrated with translationally silent oskar mRNA in the oocyte. We conclude that RNA silencing is essential for establishment of the cytoskeletal polarity that initiates embryonic axis specification and for translational control of oskar mRNA.
Modeling the Kinetics of Cell Membrane Spreading on Substrates with Ligand Density Gradient

An analytical model is developed for the effect of surface gradient in ligand density on the adhesion kinetics of a curved elastic membrane with mobile receptors. The displacement and speed of spreading at the edge of adhesion zone as well as the density profile of receptors along the membrane are predicted as a function of time. According to results, in the diffusion-controlled regime, the front edge displacement of adhesion zone and the rate of membrane spreading decreased with increasing the ligand density in a certain direction. Furthermore, the displacement of the edge of the adhesion zone did not scale with the square root of time, as observed on substrates with uniform ligand density.
AAP/RTSD joint committee meeting report

The Association of American Publishers/Resources and Technical Services Joint Committee exists to “consider mutual problems and to provide for the communication of ideas between members of the association and the division; to plan and sponsor meetings, seminars, studies, or other forms of communication on topics of common interest; and to encourage the exchange of ideas among publishers, wholesalers, and librarians, limited as always to appropriate and proper cooperation” [l]. Peter Simon of R. R. Bowker chaired the meet@ held on Saturday June 24, 1989. The committee took a full three hours to cover a lengthy agenda.
Social capital, local businesses, and amenities in U.S. rural prairie communities

Abstract This research broadens the conceptualization of amenities for rural communities to include the full range considered for metropolitan areas and examine how communities' social climate is associated with amenities. We specifically focus on community social capital as it affects the strategies and actions of local small businesses and contend that community social capital has the potential to influence business operators to work for amenity development. Using interview data drawn from 1212 business owners in 17 rural prairie towns and observational data of amenities in those communities, we empirically test the relationship of social capital to community amenities. We find that, with population held constant, social capital is positively related to all amenities except the downtown amenities. The support business provide to the community is positively related to outdoor recreational and indoor recreation, entertainment, and cultural amenities. Findings provide insight into factors related to amenity development, and how these factors could be directed or handled by community leaders.
Influence of ethylene and oxygen on respiration and peroxide formation in potato tubers

APPLICATION of ethylene to potato tubers induces a respiratory upsurge1, comparable with that in ripening climacteric fruit2, but which can be studied independently of other ethylene-induced processes occurring in fruit. It has been suggested that ethylene catalyses oxygen-requiring processes, reflecting in part oxygen utilisation in the formation of peroxides3. We report here that high O2 tensions, in combination with ethylene, markedly enhance the respiratory rise, which is accompanied by a corresponding increase in peroxides.
Unusual orientation of talar osteochondral fragment: a case report.

Abstract The identification of the correct orientation of an osteochondral fragment can be challenging. Orthopaedists have been able to take advantage of advanced imaging techniques to provide guidance to the appropriate surgical intervention. Many advancements have been made in imaging modalities specific to articular cartilage [Fischbach F, Bruhn H, Unterhauser F, Ricke J, Wieners G, Felix R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of hyaline cartilage defects at 1.5T and 3.0T: comparison of medium T2-weighted fast spin echo, T1-weighted two-dimensional and three-dimensional gradient echo pulse sequences. Acta Radiol 2005;46(1):67–73 [Erratum in: Acta Radiol 2005;46(April (2)):218]] Furthermore, with the increasing use of bioabsorbable fixation pins, it is imperative that careful attention is paid to the correct orientation of the fragment that is to be fixed. Without awareness of the orientation, it is possible that the 180° displaced fragment could potentially be fixed in this position. At the time of this report, the patient in this case was 6 weeks postoperative and reported 0/10 pain with full painless range of motion without instability. Our goal with this case report is to promote awareness among orthopaedists and radiologists alike regarding the importance of recognizing the orientation of an osteochondral fragment and/or defect of the talus. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he consented.
Induction of polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis in porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes from specific pathogen-free miniature swine were activated to polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis in vitro by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Optimum responses as assessed by reverse plaque assay were generated in cultures containing 2–3 × 105 cells stimulated with 0.5 μg/ml of PWM. Peak numbers of Ig-secreting cells were obtained on days 5–7 of culture. The increase in numbers of Ig-secretors within PWM-stimulated cultures was preceded and accompanied by a corresponding increase in the percentage of cytoplasmic Ig positive cells. This system will allow for an examination of the influence of antigen on the development of responsiveness to polyclonal B-cell activators.
Unsteady creeping motion of a sphere at small values of knudsen number

Abstract A continuum-slip analysis of transient particle motion at small values of Knudsen number is presented. The equation of motion of a spherical particle is derived. The force resulting from a step change in velocity and the velocity resulting from a step change in force are determined. The results are compared with the known responses in the zero Knudsen number limit.
The thermodynamics of interstitial-vacancy interactions in solid solutions

Abstract The thermodynamics of a binary solid solution containing interstitial solute atoms and host lattice vacancies is considered. It is shown that interstitial-vacancy interactions may be responsible for negative excess entropies in solutions containing the large interstitials. The effect of interstitial-vacancy interactions on both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of carbon-austenite is discussed.
Abstract C50: CXCL12-triggered amoeboid cell motility is mediated through a RhoA-directed signaling hub

Morphological plasticity is a common feature of cancer cells in response to environmental cues. Mesenchymal cancer cells, dependent on proteolysis for motility, can switch to a protease-independent amoeboid morphology and evade anti-invasion therapeutics that target matrix metalloproteases. The highly conserved formin family of proteins play a role in cell motility and play a critical role in mediating cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The cellular actin dynamics driving cell motility are highly regulated by mammalian diaphanous-related formin 2 (mDia2). mDia2 assembles non-branched actin filaments and maintains the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton. Our lab previously demonstrated a direct interaction between mDia2 and its inhibitor diaphanous-interacting protein (DIP), which subsequently acts as a trigger for mesenchymal/amoeboid interconvertability in breast cancer cells by disrupting F-actin polymerization and bundling. This interaction plays an essential role in the disruption of the cell cortex leading to a membrane blebbing phenotype, a hallmark of amoeboid cell motility (ACM). We recently reported that the chemokine CXCL12 stimulates DIP:mDia2 complex assembly. It is well established that CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in cancer metastasis, including breast cancer metastasis to lung and lymph node. Sites of distant metastasis are also often shown to express high levels of CXCL12. We, therefore, hypothesize that CXCL12 secreted from the tumor microenvironment may be a physiological trigger of amoeboid cell motility and invasion via the mDia2:DIP axis. Our current objective is to interrogate the requirement for CXCL12-driven, mDia2-dependent non-apoptotic membrane blebbing. Here we show in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells that CXCL12 activates the GTPase RhoA, a known binding partner and activator of mDia2. Upon activation of mDia2, its inhibitor DIP can bind, disrupting F-actin polymerization within the cell cortex, leading to blebbing. Collectively, these data indicate a potential unexplored link between CXCL12/RhoA/mDia signaling and ACM in breast cancer cells. Understanding the molecular basis of ACM will lend novel insight into mechanisms controlling breast cancer progression and may translate into development of therapeutics controlling invasion/metastatic dissemination. Citation Format: Meghan M. Wyse, Andrea L. Nestor-Kalinoski, Kathryn M. Eisenmann. CXCL12-triggered amoeboid cell motility is mediated through a RhoA-directed signaling hub. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C50.
Visual and production similarity of the handshapes of the American manual alphabet.

Two experiments were performed to examine the nature of handshape similarity for the 26 elements of the American manual alphabet. Forty deaf college students, half native (first language) signers of American Sign Language and half nonnative signers, participated in the study. In Experiment 1, subjects were asked to base their judgments on visual characteristics of the shapes. In Experiment 2, they were asked to base their judgments on aspects of manual shape production. Hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analyses showed the two sets of judgments to be quite similar. No clear differences were found between native and nonnative signers in either experiment. These data provide a basis for the future manipulation and detection of manual coding in the processing of verbal stimuli.
Exploring endoscopic neck surgery in a porcine model

Objectives: This study uses a porcine model to establish the feasibility of performing endoscopic procedures in the neck using standard techniques currently being employed in preperitoneal endoscopy in the abdomen. Study Design: It is a pilot study presented as a case series. Methods: Ten animals were subjected to anterior deep cervical fascia dissection using standard endoscopic instrumentation. Results: Balloon dissection and CO 2 insufflation poses a number of problems: CO 2 gas dissection into the chest, CO 2 gas embolism into the venous circulation, carotid artery occlusion, and limited visualization causing increased risk of injury to adjacent structures. Conclusion : These issues need to be dealt with before such a method could be employed safely in humans. However, with further research and development, endoscopic neck surgery may someday become a reality.
Toric degeneration of Schubert varieties and Gelfand¿Tsetlin polytopes

This note constructs the flat toric degeneration of the manifold Fln of flags in Cn due to Gonciulea and Lakshmibai (Transform. Groups 1(3) (1996) 215) as an explicit GIT quotient of the Grobner degeneration due to Knutson and Miller (Grobner geometry of Schubert polynomials, Ann. Math. (2) to appear). This implies that Schubert varieties degenerate to reduced unions of toric varieties, associated to faces indexed by rc-graphs (reduced pipe dreams) in the Gelfand–Tsetlin polytope. Our explicit description of the toric degeneration of Fln provides a simple explanation of how Gelfand–Tsetlin decompositions for irreducible polynomial representations of GLn arise via geometric quantization.
Antibody-Mediated Targeting of Replication-Competent Retroviral Vectors

Replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors can be engineered to achieve high efficiency gene transfer to solid tumors in vivo and tumor-restricted replication, however their safety can be further enhanced by redirecting tropism of the virus envelope. We have therefore tested the targeting capability and replicative stability of ecotropic and amphotropic replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) vectors containing two tandem repeats from the immunoglobulin G-binding domain of Staphylococcal protein A inserted into the proline-rich "hinge" region of the envelope, which enables modular use of antibodies of various specificities for vector targeting. The modified envelopes were efficiently expressed and incorporated into virions, were capable of capturing monoclonal anti-HER2 antibodies, and mediated efficient binding of the virus-antibody complex to HER2-positive target cells. While infectivity was markedly reduced by pseudotyping with targeted envelopes alone, coexpression of wild-type envelope ...
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage parasites require the putative autophagy protein PfAtg7 for normal growth.

Analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum genome reveals a limited number of putative autophagy genes, specifically the four genes involved in ATG8 lipidation, an essential step in formation of autophagosomes. In yeast, Atg8 lipidation requires the E1-type ligase Atg7, an E2-type ligase Atg3, and a cysteine protease Atg4. These four putative P. falciparum ATG (PfATG) genes are transcribed during the parasite’s erythrocytic stages. PfAtg7 has relatively low identity and similarity to yeast Atg7 (14.7% and 32.2%, respectively), due primarily to long insertions typical of P. falciparum. Excluding the insertions the identity and similarity are higher (38.0% and 70.8%, respectively). This and the fact that key residues are conserved, including the catalytic cysteine and ATP binding domain, we hypothesize that PfAtg7 is the activating enzyme of PfAtg8. To assess the role of PfAtg7 we have generated two transgenic parasite lines. In one, the PfATG7 locus was modified to introduce a C-terminal hemagglutinin tag. Western blotting reveals two distinct protein species, one migrating near the predicted 150 kDa and one at approximately 65 kDa. The second transgenic line introduces an inducible degradation domain into the PfATG7 locus, allowing us to rapidly attenuate PfAtg7 protein levels. Corresponding species are also observed in this parasite line at approximately 200 kDa and 100 kDa. Upon PfATG7 attenuation parasites exhibit a slow growth phenotype indicating the essentiality of this putative enzyme for normal growth.
Hot spot-based design of small-molecule inhibitors for protein-protein interactions

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are important targets for the development of chemical probes and therapeutic agents. From the initial discovery of the existence of hot spots at PPI interfaces, it has been proposed that hot spots might provide the key for developing small-molecule PPI inhibitors. However, there has been no review on the ways in which the knowledge of hot spots can be used to achieve inhibitor design, nor critical examination of successful examples. This Digest discusses the characteristics of hot spots and the identification of druggable hot spot pockets. An analysis of four examples of hot spot-based design reveals the importance of this strategy in discovering potent and selective PPI inhibitors. A general procedure for hot spot-based design of PPI inhibitors is outlined.
Order Selection of the Linear Mixing Model for Complex-Valued FMRI Data

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are originally acquired as complex-valued images, which motivates the use of complex-valued data analysis methods. Due to the high dimension and high noise level of fMRI data, order selection and dimension reduction are important procedures for multivariate analysis methods such as independent component analysis (ICA). In this work, we develop a complex-valued order selection method to estimate the dimension of signal subspace using information-theoretic criteria. To correct the effect of sample dependence to information-theoretic criteria, we develop a general entropy rate measure for complex Gaussian random process to calibrate the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sampling scheme in the complex domain. We show the effectiveness of the approach for order selection on both simulated and actual fMRI data. A comparison between the results of order selection and ICA on real-valued and complex-valued fMRI data demonstrates that a fully complex analysis extracts more meaningful components about brain activation.
Methodism and politics in British society, 1750-1850

1. Introduction 2. The Wesleyan Heritage 3. The 1790s: A Decade of Crises 4. Conservatism Through Conflict, 1800-20 5. Roman Catholic Emancipation, 1790-1830 6. Educational Politics
Exploring the Preparedness of Business Education Teacher Candidates for their Internships: The Perspectives of Mentor Teachers

Applying a modified-Delphi technique, this research study sought consensus from business education mentor teachers regarding the top three areas in which business education student teachers were prepared as well as underprepared for their roles as teachers. Further, the mentor teachers provided recommendations for business education teacher preparation programs to implement to better prepare their teacher candidates for the student teaching internship. To that end, the mentor teachers did not gain consensus on the top three areas their student teachers were most prepared. However, they did agree classroom management and working with special needsâ€™ students were among the top three areas their student teachers were least prepared. The mentor teachers agreed business education teacher preparation programs could provide more experiences with classroom management in public schools and provide their teacher candidates with more information about the workload and commitment needed to be effective teachers.
Preauthorization of recombinant human Growth Hormone: One Insurer's Experience 501

The era of managed care has brought more intense scrutiny of health care expenditures. Some of the earliest targets include high cost drugs and therapeutics such as those produced by recombinant DNA technology.
Analysis of target genes induced by IL-13 cytotoxin in human glioblastoma cells.

IL-13 cytotoxin comprised of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (fusion protein termed IL-13-PE38QQR) has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis leading to necrotic and apoptotic cell death in glioblastoma cells that express high levels of interleukin-13 receptors (IL-13R). To identify target genes of cell death and other cellular genes with IL-13 receptors in glioblastoma cells, we utilized the cDNA microarrays to analyze global gene expression profiles after IL-13 cytotoxin and IL-13 treatment. IL-13 cytotoxin mediated cytotoxicity to U251 cells in a dose-dependant manner. Hierarchical cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes in U251 glioma cells at different time points after IL-13 cytotoxin treatment showed three major groups, each representing a specific expression pattern. Randomly selected differentially expressed genes from each group were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Most down-regulated genes belong to cell adhesion, motility, angiogenesis, DNA repair, and metabolic pathways. While up-regulated genes belong to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, signaling and various metabolic pathways. Unexpectedly, at early time points, both IL-13 and IL-13 cytotoxin induced several genes belonging to different pathways most notably IL-8, DIO2, END1, and ALDH1A3 indicating that these genes are early response genes and their products may be associated with IL-13R. In addition, IL-13 cytotoxin induced IL-13Rα2 mRNA expression during the treatment in glioma cells. Our results indicate that novel cellular genes are involved with IL-13 receptors and that IL-13 cytotoxin induced cell death involves various target genes in human glioblastoma cells. On going studies will determine the role of associated genes and their products in the IL-13R functions in glioma cells.