cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glee's McKinley High: Following Middle America's sexual taboos

Writers for popular media frequently draw on insights known about social networks in developing their plotlines and character biographies (whether in books, television, movies, etc.). Perhaps most known to network analysts in this respect, Freeman (2000) presents a collection of network concepts represented in comic strips. These depictions often are consistent with the patterns network analysts observe in real-world empirical examples. For example, the long-running sitcom Friends exhibited strong homophily (McPherson et al., 2001) or assortative mixing on race and socioeconomic status among the main characters. Other times the violation of these typical patterns can serve to generate dramatic tension or a source of comedy. For example transitivity—or the tendency of one's friends to also become friends (Holland & Leinhardt, 1972)—is absent in the movie Hush where Jessica Lange's character plots to kill the daughter-in-law she does not like. P-O-X social balance (Heider, 1948) describes the tendency for friends to share common interests, which was violated to comedic effect in the Seinfeld episode where Jerry's character simply cannot accept his date's refusal to try a taste of the pie he finds delicious, bothering him for days and ultimately leading to his ending the relationship.
The past, present, and future viscous heat dissipation available for Greenland subglacial conduit formation

Abstract. Basal hydrology of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) influences its dynamics and mass balance through basal lubrication and ice–bed decoupling or efficient water removal and ice–bed coupling. Variations in subglacial water pressure through the seasonal evolution of the subglacial hydrological system help control ice velocity. Near the ice sheet margin, large basal conduits are melted by the viscous heat dissipation (VHD) from surface runoff routed to the bed. These conduits may lead to efficient drainage systems that lower subglacial water pressure, increase basal effective stress, and reduce ice velocity. In this study we quantify the energy available for VHD historically at present and under future climate scenarios. At present, 345 km3 of annual runoff delivers 66 GW to the base of the ice sheet per year. These values are already ∼ 50 % more than the historical 1960–1999 value of 46 GW. By 2100 under IPCC AR5 RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) scenarios, 1278 (524) km3 of runoff may deliver 310 (110) GW to the ice sheet base. Hence, the ice sheet may experience a 5-to-7-fold increase in VHD in the near future which will enhance opening of subglacial conduits near the margin and will warm basal ice in the interior. The other significant basal heat source is geothermal heat flux (GHF), which has an estimated value of 36 GW within the present-day VHD area. With increasing surface meltwater penetration to the bed the basal heat budget in the active basal hydrology zone of the GIS will be increasingly dominated by VHD and relatively less sensitive to GHF, which may result in spatial changes in the ice flow field and in its seasonal variability.
Unprecedented Electro-Optic Performance in Lead-Free Transparent Ceramics

A high-performance lead-free electro-optic (EO) transparent material is introduced and used in an EO device operating up to 10 kHz. The BZT-BCT ceramic, named as BXT, has an effective DC EO coefficient, rc = 530 pm V-1 , which is higher than state-of-the-art materials such as LiNbO3 . The high EO response can be leveraged for miniaturization and/or reduction of the operating voltage of EO devices.
Surgical Management of Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Patients harboring stage IV non-small cell lung cancer represent a heterogeneous population with limited life expectancy. Targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy have improved median survival for a minority of patients. A subset of patients with solitary foci of metastatic disease appears to have improved survival compared to others with stage IV NSCLC. The role of aggressive local control with curative intent for all disease sites in synchronous oligometastatic disease lacks randomized data; however, published retrospective series from single institutions suggest improved survival in highly selected patients (11-30%, 5-year survival) with low morbidity and mortality < 2%.
Modeling the joint dynamics of relational events and individual states

Networks evolve at multiple levels; edges or relations may change, and the characteristics of the individuals within the network may change as well. Often these processes are intertwined, and in order to study them, statistical models must be developed that account for coevolution of multiple network components. The increased availability of continuous time network data has prompted new models for network inference such as the relational event framework. While network data may be continuously observable, the characteristics or state of an individual can still only be observed periodically. This type of panel data can be readily analyzed using actor-oriented models, but these methods do not accommodate continuous network data. We propose a model that integrates the relational event framework with actor-oriented models for behavioral change, allowing us to model the joint dynamics of relational events and individual states. This composite model preserves the advantages of each method, while leveraging the richer information available in relational event data. We apply our model to datasets collected from virtual team experiments to highlight the utility of our method.
Body temperature control circuit

There is currently no animal model available that allows chronic control of body temperature, e.g. to study the effects of body temperature on disease. Prior studies have shown that by heating the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus of rodents with a heated water-perfused probe the body temperature can be lowered, but this method is not feasible for chronic use. Here we present two control circuit designs that employ high performance operational amplifiers and a feedback network that has the ability to chronically modulate the temperature of the POA of the hypothalamus, thus adjusting the body temperature set point. This will be done by permanently implanting a heated micro-probe (thermistor) and using a feedback system to accurately control the temperature of the thermistor to help the brain center control the temperature. The control circuit and feedback network were designed to provide accurate and sustainable control over the subjects body temperature while focusing on the miniaturization of components without sacrificing performance. For this design the power consumed by the circuit was achieved to be 3.8 mW and the size of the board is currently 9 cm2. Tadiran batteries were used to employ high-performance button cells. The thermistor used is around 360 μm and it is capable of controlling the temperature between 98.6 °F/37 °C and 122 °F/50 °C. Thus, the circuit is sufficiently small to be carried by a rodent while chronically controlling the POA temperature.
Integrating Drug’s Mode of Action into Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships for Improved Prediction of Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is complex in mechanism. Different drugs could undergo different mechanisms but result in the same DILI type, while the same drug could lead to different DILI types via different mechanisms. Therefore, predicting a drug’s potential for DILI should take its underlying mechanisms into consideration. To achieve that, we constructed a novel approach by incorporating the drug’s Mode of Action (MOA) into Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling. This MOA-DILI approach was examined using a data set of 333 drugs. The drugs were first grouped according to their MOA profiles (positive or negative in each MOA) based on the Tox21 qHTS assays. QSAR models for individual MOA assays were developed and subsequently combined to obtain the MOA-DILI model. A hold-out testing strategy (222 drugs for training and 111 drugs as a test set) was employed, which yielded a predictive accuracy of 0.711. The MOA-DILI model was directly compared with the standard QSAR approach using...
A perceptual advantage for onomatopoeia in early word learning: Evidence from eye-tracking

A perceptual advantage for iconic forms in infant language learning has been widely reported in the literature, termed the “sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis” by Imai and Kita (2014). However, empirical research in this area is limited mainly to sound symbolic forms, which are very common in languages such as Japanese but less so in Indo-European languages such as English. In this study, we extended this body of research to onomatopoeia—words that are thought to be present across most of the world’s languages and that are known to be dominant in infants’ early lexicons. In a picture-mapping task, 10- and 11-month-old infants showed a processing advantage for onomatopoeia (e.g., woof woof) over their conventional counterparts (e.g., doggie). However, further analysis suggests that the input may play a key role in infants’ experience and processing of these forms.
Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum at College: Successes and Stumbling Blocks

There is limited information on outcomes for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including achievement at college. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 families reporting a degree-seeking college experience for their young adult with ASD. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Four themes surrounding success and failure at college emerged. Preparation Beyond Academics involved challenges associated with ASD, such as social, executive functioning, and mental health issues, and to what extent these had been addressed prior to leaving high school. Student/College Fit related to whether a student's capabilities were matched to college location, size, and culture, while Campus Supports and Family Supports concerned assistance provided by colleges and families, respectively. Implications for future practice are discussed.
Scale and affect in the local food movement

Growing demand for local food has spurred the emergence of aggregation and distribution businesses, called food hubs. They developed to retain the values of the local food movement, help small farmers achieve economies of scale, and supply large markets. While appearing as an innovative solution to several key constraints of local food systems, there is debate on how these businesses should function and whether the insertion of a middleman breaks down the basic premise of local food, namely the focus on face-to-face transaction. This paper highlights the affective nature of local food purchases, examining ethnographically how one particular food hub with close ties to the local food movement in Atlanta, Georgia contends with this issue as it articulates with larger markets. It finds that building a resilient and sustainable local food system beyond the level of direct markets necessitates illuminating the role affect plays in economic decision-making.
Universal correlations in the nuclear symmetry energy, slope parameter, and curvature

Abstract From general Fermi liquid theory arguments, we derive correlations among the symmetry energy (J), its slope parameter (L), and curvature ( K sym ) at nuclear matter saturation density. We argue that certain properties of these correlations do not depend on details of the nuclear forces used in the calculation. We derive as well a global parametrization of the density dependence of the symmetry energy that we show is more reliable, especially at low densities, than the usual Taylor series expansion around saturation density. We then benchmark these predictions against explicit results from chiral effective field theory.
The diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: current opinions and challenges.

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is associated with microtubule-associated protein tau dysfunction. Originally thought to result in a syndrome of atypical Parkinsonism, vertical s...
Gratitude facilitates healthy eating behavior in adolescents and young adults

Abstract Gratitude has been associated with better physical health. Yet, surprisingly little research has experimentally investigated the capacity of gratitude to motivate individuals to eat more healthfully. In Study 1, among undergraduate students (N = 327) attempting to achieve a healthy eating goal, state gratitude following a writing activity significantly predicted healthier eating behavior 1 week later. In Study 2, across a 4-week intervention, 9th and 10th grade students (N = 1017) from four high schools were randomly assigned to either write weekly gratitude letters or to list their daily activities each week (control). Teens who expressed gratitude reported healthier eating behavior over time, relative to controls, and this effect was partially mediated by reductions in average negative affect across the intervention period. Thus, our findings suggest that gratitude-based interventions may facilitate improvements in healthy eating behavior in adolescents and young adults.
Future Directions for a Solutions-Based Approach

As disparities in child health continue to be persistent and pervasive, clinicians, health care delivery systems, and policymakers share a collective responsibility to develop, implement, and evaluate innovative solutions. Inequities in child health represent both an economic and ethical imperative. Since the publication of Unequal Treatment, a large body of research documenting inequities has developed in the adult literature with subsequent emergence of such work in pediatrics. Over time, researchers and policymakers have increasingly demonstrated the impact of disparities over the life-course [1]. Disparities that originate in childhood are associated with adult chronic disease. More broadly, one’s experiences in childhood can influence patterns of disease, aging, and mortality later in life [2]. Life-course science is placing an increasing responsibility on pediatric practice and research to more effectively prevent and manage the childhood precursors of adult-onset disease. Given these linkages, there is urgent need to study health inequities in child health and how solutions enacted during childhood may impact adult health, well-being, and long-term productivity. Future advancements must be developed and cultivated along the pillars of clinical care, research, and policy.
Universal Basic Income and Its More Testable Sibling, the Negative Income Tax

This chapter defines and explains the workings of Universal Basic Income and its more easily testable cousin, the Negative Income Tax.
Changes in bioaccessibility, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of novel crackers with turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) powders

The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of supplementing turmeric and/or mahaleb powders in crackers to enhance phenolic content and antioxidant activity. They replaced wheat flo...
Thermochemistry of volatile metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides at elevated temperatures

A principal mode of corrosion in combustion or fuel cell environments is the formation of volatile hydroxides and oxyhydroxides from metal or oxide surfaces at high temperatures. It is important to determine the degree of volatility and accurate thermodynamic properties for these hydroxides. Significant gaseous metal hydroxides/oxyhydroxides are discussed, along with available experimental and theoretical methods of characterizing species and determining their thermodynamic properties.
1996 mask industry quality assessment

ABSTRACT The fourth annual mask industry assessment will again survey various industry companies forkey performance measurements in the areas of safety, quality, delivery, and throughput time.The data compiled includes safety incident rate, mask shipment volume, customer return rate,customer return reason, mask survival yield, delivery performance to schedule, and throughputtime from 1988 through Q2, 1996. To enhance the 1996 assessment, the performance data willbe collected by categories of defect size specifications. Participant identity remains protected byutilizing Arthur Anderson & Company to ensure confidentiality. The I 995 assessment containeddata from all major U.S. merchant and captive suppliers along with two international shops. In1996, all mask makers world wide will again be invited to participate to further enhance the valueof this benchmarking exercise.Keywords: photomask, quality assessment, benchmarking 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of the assessment is to provide information on recent mask industry performancetrends that can be used as a reference for benchmarking. Three previous mask industryassessments have been completed with favorable response. To enhance the benchmarkingvalue, performance data was collected by mask defect size. Defect size tends to be the standardby which mask specifications tolerances are compared.
Plasma Cell Gene-Expression Profiles in Patients with Systemic AL Amyloidosis: Responses to Melphalan and Stem Cell Transplant Are Associated with Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Translation, Protein Degradation and Detoxification.

Systemic AL amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia and protein conformation disorder in which Ig light chains (Ig V L ) produced by clonal plasma cells form interstitial amyloid in key viscera causing organ dysfunction and death. Patients with AL usually have L possibly due to the robust cytoplasmic protein quality-control processes in plasma cells. A standard approach is to treat with high-dose melphalan and stem cell transplant (SCT) without induction therapy. Post-SCT long-term survival depends on significant reductions of the plasma cell disease and Ig V L levels as measured by the serum free light chain (FLC) assay. At 3 months post-SCT responses of the plasma cell dyscrasia are defined both by standard criteria and by normalization of abnormal FLC ratios. By standard criteria, post-SCT one-third fail to achieve a > 50% reduction in plasma cell disease (NR), one-third achieve a > 50% reduction (PR), and one-third achieve clearance of marrow plasma cells and a complete or near complete response (CR). By FLC criteria, post-SCT one-third achieve normalization (N) of the FLC ratio and two-thirds do not (A). Many factors contribute to this distribution of responses. In order to identify factors specific to AL plasma cells, gene expression profiles (GEP; Affymetrix U133 PLUS 2.0) were obtained after double amplification of RNA from FACS-sorted CD138+/DAPI- plasma cells from untreated patients with AL pre-SCT. Data were vetted based on plasma cell lineage gene expression; samples contaminated with monocytes were not used. Supervised analyses were performed based on responses at 3 months post-SCT, comparing CR (n=4) to PR (n=7) and CR to NR (n=5), and FLC N (n=5; one with CR) to A (n=7; two with CR). Differentially expressed genes between paired sets were identified using the t-test. Genes with p L in the ER may influence the patterns observed, possibly modulating melphalan uptake or activity. Further studies of these differences and functional hypothesis testing are currently underway.
Trade duration of Chinese shrimp exports

Seafood is among the most highly traded food commodities, and one will expect trade patterns to be highly dynamic. In this paper, trade duration is investigated for Chinese shrimp exports using fir...
Oxygen deficit is a sensitive measure of mild gas exchange impairment at inspired O2 between 12.5% and 21.

The oxygen deficit (OD) is the difference between the end-tidal alveolar Po2 and the calculated Po2 of arterial blood based on measured oxygen saturation that acts as a proxy for the alveolar-arter...
Game-Regularity and Convergence: Case p ∈ (2, ∞)

This chapter introduces the definition of boundary regular (game-regular) points and proves that boundary regularity implies uniform convergence of game values to the unique solution of the Dirichlet p-Laplace problem. Further, it establishes two sufficient conditions for game-regularity: exterior cone property and p surpassing the dimension N of the problem. The following topics are covered: relation of game-regularity and convergence, technique of concatenating strategies, the annulus walk estimate and construction of barriers when p > N.
The Scandal of Divine Presence

According to the Buber-Rosenzweig translation, the voice from the burning bush announces itself as “I will be-there howsoever I will be-there.” God is not only being, but being-there, being-present. Nicholas of Cusa spoke of the “omnivoyance” of God and Eric Voegelin placed the divine-human encounter at the center of his phenomenology. But God also appears concretely at particular times and places. In the Hindu concept of darshan, the worshipper sees and is seen by the god present through a consecrated image. Three theophanies are arresting cases of divine encounter – a Catholic priest with a Hindu goddess, Sojourner Truth with Jesus, and an Apinouye chief with a god. To credit these experiences involves a scandal due to their shocking anthropomorphism. But, as Dutch theologian Hendrikus Berthof argues, the anthropomorphic language is precisely apt. It is God’s language, not our own, Karl Barth reminds us. And, Voegelin argues, it is not for us to determine how the divine reality can and cannot present itself. The paper concludes that anthropomorphic language, in fact, fits the natural context and semantic field for these encounters. Our task is not to discount concrete divine presence, but to accept it “howsoever” it is available to us.
A Review of Patient and Provider Satisfaction with Telemedicine

The purpose of this review is to describe the determinants of satisfaction with telemedicine (TM) and how they compare with in-person visits from both the perspective of patients and of providers. The use of TM will expand only if patients and providers are at least as satisfied with it as they are with in-person visits. Since deviations from expected care can result in reduced satisfaction regardless of the quality of the visit or objective medical outcomes, it is important to understand and to help form those expectations when possible. Patients consistently report 95–100% satisfaction rate with TM when compared with in-person appointments. They tend to cite the convenience of decreased travel times and costs as the main drivers for satisfaction with TM. Providers tend to be satisfied with TM if they have input into its development, there is administrative support, the technology is reliable and easy to use, and if there is adequate reimbursement for its use. Satisfaction with TM is necessary for adoption of this new technology. To improve satisfaction it is important to consider factors that drive it both for patients and for providers.
Relationships Between Sensorimotor Inhibition and Mobility in Older Adults With and Without Parkinson’s Disease

Background Reduced cortical sensorimotor inhibition is associated with mobility and cognitive impairments in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and older adults (OAs). However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the relationships among sensorimotor, cognitive, and mobility impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine how cortical sensorimotor inhibition relates to impairments in mobility and cognition in people with PD and OAs. Methods Cortical sensorimotor inhibition was characterized with short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) in 81 people with PD and 69 OAs. Six inertial sensors recorded single- and dual-task gait and postural sway characteristics during a two-minute walk and a one-minute quiet stance. Cognition was assessed across the memory, visuospatial, executive function, attention, and language domains. Results SAI was significantly impaired in the PD compared to the OA group. The PD group preformed significantly worse across all gait and postural sway tasks. In PD, SAI significantly correlated with single-task foot strike angle and stride length variability, sway area, and jerkiness of sway in the coronal and sagittal planes. In OAs, SAI significantly related to single-task gait speed and stride length, dual-task stride length, and immediate recall (memory domain). No relationship among mobility, cognition, and SAI was observed. Conclusions Impaired SAI related to slower gait in OA and to increased gait variability and postural sway in people with PD, all of which have been shown to be related to increased fall risk.
Resourcefulness revisited: Further psychometric evaluation of resourcefulness scale.

Resourcefulness, a collection of problem-solving, coping, self-control and emotion regulation skills, has been shown to moderate health outcomes in various caregiver populations. Caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), report higher levels of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms with poorer health-related quality of life. The current study replicated and extended psychometric research on the Resourcefulness Scale (RS) among caregivers of children with ASD (n = 287) and a comparison group of caregivers of non-affected children (n = 207). Results suggest acceptable internal consistency and construct validity when using the RS among caregivers of children with and without ASD. The RS demonstrated poor temporal stability over an average of 4 weeks (r = 0.087, p = 0.434). Caregivers of children with ASD report higher levels of general, social, and personal resourcefulness than non-affected caregivers. Findings validate the use of the RS within caregiving populations with implications for clinical use and future research in the development of interventions to enhance caregiver QoL.
Bypassing Civil Gideon: A Legislative Proposal to Address the Rising Costs and Unmet Legal Needs of Unrepresented Immigrants

Eighty-four percent of immigrants appearing before immigration judges are unrepresented. Immigration judges are overwhelmed with the dual role of adjudicating cases and serving as counsel to pro se individuals appearing before them. In addition, due to the rising costs of retaining a lawyer, immigrants are turning to immigrant consultants. These incompetent and unscrupulous individuals are preying on vulnerable immigrants and engaging in the unauthorized practice of law.In addressing unmet legal needs for immigrants, most advocacy efforts for immigrants regarding the acquisition of competent representation focus on persuading the courts that immigrants appearing before an immigration judge have a constitutional right to government-paid counsel. This tactic has repeatedly failed.This Article, however, explores an alternative strategy -- expanding immigrants’ access to qualified and trained nonlawyer representatives. Increasing access to these accredited representatives would provide immigrants with accurate counsel and advice about the availability of immigration relief; reduce backlog and delay in the immigration agencies; and ensure the individual has a competent advocate demanding fair adjudication of his or her application for immigration relief. In order to accomplish these objectives, the Article puts forth a federal legislative proposal on how to expand the current number of nonlawyer representatives so that every indigent immigrant in need of representation is guaranteed a government-funded representative; creates an interagency taskforce to investigate and federally prosecute individuals who are defrauding immigrants; and makes engaging in the unauthorized practice of law a federal crime. The proposal also provides a plan for funding this new initiative including establishing a dedicated immigrant victim rights fund.
PID CONTROLLER SYNTHESIS FREE OF ANALYTICAL MODELS

Abstract In this paper, we show that the complete set of PID controllers that stabilizes a LTI plant and achieves prescribed performance levels, can be computed from knowledge of only the frequency response (Nyquist or Bode plot) of the plant and the number of RHP poles. The result is of practical importance in many situations where transfer function or state space models are not available and a design procedure that is free of analytical models is desired. The synthesis method also gives useful information on the frequency range over which accurate frequency response data on the plant is needed for PID design.
Financial Flows, Composition of Capital, and Growth

This paper investigates the extent to which financial integration promotes growth by improving the quality of a country’s capital stock. To that end, it derives a capital composition index, where the share of a particular type of capital in the total capital stock is determined by its embodied efficiency. The paper constructs its empirical counterpart using capital production and trade data. Using five-year averaged data between 1976 and 2001 for 60 countries, it provides evidence on the positive effects of financial flows on the capital stock’s quality, with the largest impact coming from equity inflows. It also shows that when the capital composition is accounted for, the direct effect of financial flows on TFP diminishes. Although financial flows do not directly affect growth, they raise it indirectly by improving the composition of a country’s capital stock. All else constant, financial flows explain a growth difference of 1.10 percentage points between the countries with total liabilities equal to the first quartile and the third quartile. Finally, the paper finds that the effect of financial flows on the composition of capital and therefore GDP growth is larger for less developed countries, and smaller and insignificant for countries with less developed financial markets.
Comments on Crocco's Solution and the Independence Principle for Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers

The purpose of the present note is to show that on a flat plate where both the wall temperature and mean wall pressure are constant, neither of the limitations of parallel flow or of unity for the turbulent Prandtl number are required in order for the Crocco solution to apply to the turbulent boundary-layer flow. It is shown herein that this result is subject to restrictions on the magnitude of pressure fluctuations. The same analysis is generalized to show that the compressible turbulent boundary layer on an isothermal swept flat plate is independent of the spanwise flow if the molecular Prandtl number is unity.
Is there exploitable thread-level parallelism in general-purpose application programs?

Summary form only given. Most of the thread-level parallelism (TLP) being successfully exploited so far has been primarily from scientific application programs, in particular, floating-point programs. General-purpose applications, especially those written in C or C++, such as the benchmarks in SPECint2000, have primarily been exploiting only instruction-level parallelism (ILP). A lot of research has been done recently on multiprocessors-on-a-chip (often called "multithreaded processors") because VLSI technology today allows multiple processor cores to be implemented on a single chip. An interesting question has arisen as to how much TLP and ILP could be exploited in general-purpose application programs so such multithreaded processors could become the main work horses of future computer systems. In this paper, we discuss the program characteristics which make it so difficult to exploit TLP in these general-purpose application programs, and present several machine models and simulation techniques for studying how much TLP and ILP could be exploited with these models. We also present some measurements on program characteristics important to the design of such multithreaded processors and their compilers.
Technology Road Map to Methodologies for Mixed-Signal System Design and Simulation

Unfortunately, the best solution for one mixed-signal design, is not the best solution for all mixed-signal designs. This is especially true in light of today‘s microwave applications that span the range from low-power, low-performance type of devices, through high-power, high-frequency and high-performance applications. Digital designs are automated through the use of the VHDL hardware description language, while the mixed-signal counterparts are automated using the newly developed VHDL-AMS extension. The essential ingredients for mixed-signal design fall into the methodologies of scalable functionality, robust design and feedback techniques. Scalable functionality refers to the non-conventional methodology of dimensional analysis for establishing magnitude relationships between mixed-signal system variables. Robust design of a mixed-signal system, involves the blending of the z-domain (digital) and the s-domain (continuous), resulting in the wp-domain. Robust feedback involves the inherit feedback nature of mixed-signal systems, by providing a methodology of design that emphasizes the use of feedback for achieving the desired robust system performance tolerances despite device parameter uncertainty and noise disturbances.
Sensors, Uncertainty Models, and Probabilistic Queries.

Sensors are often used to monitor the status of an environment continuously. The sensor readings are reported to the application for making decisions and answering user queries. For example, a fire-alarm system in a building employs temperature sensors to detect any abrupt change in temperature. An aircraft is equipped with sensors to track the wind speed, and radars are used to report the aircraft’s location to a military application. These applications usually include a database or server to which the sensor readings are sent. Limited network bandwidth and battery power imply that it is often not practical for the server to record the exact status of an entity it monitors at every time instant. In particular, if the value of an entity (e.g., temperature, location) being monitored is constantly evolving, the recorded data value may differ from the actual value. Querying the database can then produce incorrect results. Consider a simple example where a user asks the database: “which room has a temperature between 10
Actin filament architecture and movements in macrophage cytoplasm

Actin filaments are the predominant structural elements in macrophage cortical cytoplasm. These fibres form a unique orthogonal network that fills all lamellae extended from the cell and which, in the cell body, bifurcates to form layers 0.2-0.5 micron thick on the cell top and bottom. Single short filaments, 0.1 micron in length, intersect in space in either T-shaped or X-shaped overlaps to form this ultrastructure. Network assembly and pseudopod extension occur when actin filaments within the network elongate. This filament growth is driven by a large storage pool of actin bound to the sequestering protein, profilin. Elongation is regulated by acumentin, gelsolin and possibly severin, proteins that bind to the end of the filaments, preventing the addition of actin monomers to the filaments. The cytosolic concentration of calcium controls whether filaments assemble or disassemble. Filaments can assemble when the filament ends are not blocked by gelsolin, a condition predicted to occur when the calcium concentration is less than 0.1 micron. Orthogonality results when actin filaments are cross-linked by molecules of actin-binding protein.
A less-canonical, canonical NF-κB pathway in DCs

Mathematical modeling shows that two members of the NF-κB family of transcription factors, RelB and p50, form heterodimers and participate in the canonical NF-κB pathway in dendritic cells.
Combined 3D printing technologies and material for fabrication of tactile sensors

Recently, 3D printing technology has taken the spotlight internationally with the recognition of the importance of the manufacturing industry. Currently, there are many mature 3D printing processes and materials. However, an absence of fabrication capability of smart structures such as sensors and actuators remains. In this research, we present a hybrid manufacturing process including directprint/cure (DPC) and projection-based stereolithography, along with printable materials for stretchable tactile sensors. The suggested DPC system consists of a robotically controlled micro-dispensing head, and a light curing module combined with projection stereolithography (PSL) retrofitted from a commercial projector. The materials developed in this research are based on a photocurable and stretchable liquid resin filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs); this polymer/nanocomposite exhibits the piezoresistive property used in tactile sensing. We also used another hybrid process to develop a tactile sensor using a commercial machine to build the sensor body while a dispensing system was used to create the sensing elements. We have characterized the fabricated sensors with several experiments to detect the locations where forces are applied to the surfaces of the sensors. It is concluded that the suggested processes and materials are promising in developing accurate and reliable stretchable tactile sensors.
Is timed up and go better than gait speed in predicting health, function, and falls in older adults?

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the Timed Up and Go (TUG) is superior to gait speed in predicting multiple geriatric outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Medicare health maintenance organization and Veterans Affairs primary care clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 and older (N=457). MEASUREMENTS: Baseline gait speed and TUG were used to predict health decline according to EuroQol and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) global health; functional decline according to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) activities of daily living (ADLs) score and SF-36 physical function index; hospitalization; and any falls and multiple falls over 1 year. RESULTS: Mean age was 74, and 44% of participants were female. Odds ratios for all outcomes were equivalent for gait speed and TUG. Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7 or greater for acceptable predictive ability, gait speed and TUG each alone predicted decline in global health, new ADL difficulty, and falls, with no difference in predictive ability between performance measures. Neither performance measure predicted hospitalization, EuroQol decline, or physical function decline. As a continuous variable, TUG did not add predictive ability to gait speed for any outcome. CONCLUSION: Gait speed predicts most geriatric outcomes, including falls, as does TUG. The time taken to complete TUG may not add to information provided by gait speed, although its qualitative elements may have other utility. Language: en
Morphologic Changes in the Lamina Cribrosa Correlated with Neural Loss in Open-Angle Glaucoma

We divided 25 glaucomatous human eyes into three groups representing mild (Group 1, seven eyes), moderate (Group 2, 11 eyes), and severe (Group 3, six eyes) optic nerve damage, based on visual field testing or remaining number of optic nerve fibers. The optic nerve head of each eye was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Compression of the successive lamina cribrosa sheets was the earliest detected abnormality, occurring in some eyes before the detection of visual field loss. Backward bowing of the entire lamina cribrosa was a later change and involved its upper and lower poles more than the mid-nerve head. The diameter of the scleral opening at the level of Bruch's membrane did not enlarge in these adult glaucomatous eyes. Mechanical compression of the nerve head occurred early enough to be considered a primary pathogenetic event in glaucomatous damage.
Population growth and savings in LDCs: A survey article

Both population growth and savings have traditionally taken a certain place of pride among models of growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature concerning the hypothesis that the savings rate itself is a function of the population growth rate and this effect exacerbates the negative effect of population on economic growth. The evidence is examined from three perspectives: (i) macroeconomic effects of variations in the age structure of the population; (ii) choice theoretic models of family decision making, particularly the joint determination of fertility decisions and savings decisions; and (iii) market level interactions of variables which determine individual decisions. The paper concludes that both population growth and savings rates are inextricably tied up in the process of economic development. There are many ways in which the two variables may interact, but no generalizations can be safely made across countries.
Growth, Yield, and Dress-out Percentage of Diploid and Triploid Channel Catfish in Earthen Ponds

Abstract Fingerling diploid (mean ± SD: 63 ± 14 g) and triploid (45 ± 17 g) channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were stocked into 0.04-hectare earthen ponds at a density of 11,000 fish/hectare, with three replicate ponds for each ploidy level. Fish were fed a pelleted commercial catfish ration (32% protein) to satiation daily. Ponds were drained and fish harvested after 185 d. No significant differences were found between diploid and triploid catfish for harvest weight and dress-out percentage; however, triploids had significantly (P < 0.05) lower survival and yield, and higher feed conversion (weight of feed fed/weight gain) than diploids. Macroscopic examination of gonads revealed the expected lack of sexual development and gonadal maturation in triploids.
Micro-scale structures in the interplanetary medium

This report describes and analyses the following micro-scale (≲.01 AU) structures which were found in combined interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data obtained by the deep-space probe, Pioneer-6: (1) Several types of simultaneous discontinuities in the magnetic field and plasma parameters; (2) at least one clear example of a transitional region (D-sheet) associated with a plasma discontinuity; (3) other D-sheets which give evidence of magnetic-field annihilation; (4) inhomogeneous isothermal regions in which the square of the magnetic-field intensity is proportional to the density; (5) periodic variations in the magnetic-field intensity which are associated with discontinuities in the bulk speed. It is suggested that small velocity discontinuities play a fundamental role in reducing stresses in the interplanetary medium, and that large-velocity discontinuities may give rise to waves and turbulence.
Dictyostelium discoideum paxillin regulates actin-based processes.

Paxillin is a key player in integrating the actin cytoskeleton with adhesion, and thus is essential to numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration in animal cells. PaxB, the Dictyostelium discoideum orthologue of paxillin, has been shown to be important for adhesion and development, much like its mammalian counterpart. Here, we use the overproduction of PaxB to gain better insight into its role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion. We find that PaxB-overexpressing (PaxBOE) cells can aggregate and form mounds normally, but are blocked in subsequent development. This arrest can be rescued by addition of wild-type cells, indicating a non-cell autonomous role for PaxB. PaxBOE cells also have alterations in several actin-based processes, including adhesion, endocytosis, motility, and chemotaxis. PaxBOE cells exhibit an EDTA-sensitive increase in cell-cell cohesion, suggesting that PaxB-mediated adhesion is Ca2+ or Mg2+ dependent. Interestingly, cells overexpressing paxB are less adhesive to the substratum. In addition, PaxBOE cells display decreased motility under starved conditions, decreased endocytosis, and are unable to efficiently chemotax up a folate gradient. Taken together, the data suggest that proper expression of PaxB is vital for the regulation of development and actin-dependent processes.
Recent results from treat tests on fuel, cladding and coolant motion☆

Transient in-pile tests in the TREAT reactor are showing dispersive fuel movement and substantiate use of mechanistic modeling of such movements in Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) safety analyses. Test conditions are selected to mock-up the thermal histories calculated for hypothetical LMFBR accidents, and include use of previously irradiated fuel with various fuel structures. These test data are used in analyzing the consequences of LMFBR fuel failure under a range of hypothetical accident conditions and possible accident scenarios, as well as guiding descriptions of the extended fuel motion leading into the transition phase between the immediate post-accident configuration and the final stable, coolable configuration. Status of these experiments as of Spring 1974 was reviewed in three papers at the 1974 American Nuclear Society topical meeting on fast reactor safety: one on studies of transient overpower accidents (Rothman et al., 1974), one on loss-offlow accident studies directed toward behaviour of irradiated fuel (Deitrich et al., 1974), and one on loss-of-flow accident studies with fresh fuel using direct simulation of key axial LMFBR dimensions (Grolmes et aL, 1974). Since those reports, new data on cladding and fuel movement have been obtained from post-mortem examinations on those tests. Also, additional experiments have been run with the primary aims of clarifying the phenomena producing fuel motion, and of assessing the role of cladding motion as it might limit or otherwise affect fuel movement.
The post anachronism: the temporal dimension of facebook privacy

This paper reports on two studies that investigate empirically how privacy preferences about the audience and emphasis of Facebook posts change over time. In a 63-participant longitudinal study, participants gave their audience and emphasis preferences for up to ten of their Facebook posts in the week they were posted, again one week later, and again one month later. In a 234-participant retrospective study, participants expressed their preferences about posts made in the past week, as well as one year prior. We found that participants did not want content to fade away wholesale with age; the audience participants wanted to be able to access posts remained relatively constant over time. However, participants did want a handful of posts to become more private over time, as well as others to become more visible. Participants' predictions about how their preferences would change correlated poorly with their actual changes in preferences over time, casting doubt on ideas for setting an expiration date for content. Although older posts were seen as less relevant and had often been forgotten, participants found value in these posts for reminiscence. Surprisingly, we observed few concerns about privacy or self-presentation for older posts. We discuss our findings' implications for retrospective privacy mechanisms.
Can a deeper understanding of the measured behavior of light remove wave-particle duality?

Our starting platform is the staggering and pervasive successes of the Huygens-Fresnel principle (HFP) from macro to nano photonics fields, which model the propagation as if each point on the wave front serves as a secondary point source. Summation of the complex amplitudes of these secondary wave fronts with proper inclination factor gives us remarkably accurate results for every possible realistic situation. Therefore, we take the concept of secondary point source of "energy" as a reality in all of cosmic space, irrespective of whether the space is "empty" or filled with "materials" as we understand them. It amounts to accepting the existence of an all pervading cosmic tension field (CTF). We justify our platform by comparing and contrasting with the various "material" based propagating waves that we can generate and experience, which always require the existence of uniform tension field energy at every point. Then we show that two of the key motivations behind Dirac's quantization of the EM field can easily be accommodated by semi-classical model a la Jaynes (quantized atoms and classical EM wave packet). They are: (i) Photo electric effects that require photon to be indivisible packets of energy; and (ii) QM transition rule requiring the emission of a unique frequency ν would violate "monochromaticity" rule implied by Fourier's time-frequency theorem and "coherence theory" if photons were to be time-finite classical wave packets.