cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BROAD EMISSION-LINE VARIABILITY IN MARKARIAN 335

We present the results of 6 years of spectroscopic monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335. Each year, the observations span 5¨7 months at a nominal sampling rate of one observation per week. Analysis of the spectroscopic observations shows clear coordinated variability in the continuum and in the broad Hb and He II j4686 emission lines. The principal goal of this monitoring program is to measure the time delay between the continuum variations and the corresponding responses of the broad Hb and He II emission lines. We derive time delays of D17 days for Hb and D2 days for He II. From the spectral time series we construct average, root mean square, and diUerence spectra, which show that the broad Hb variations are con—ned to the core of the broad emission lines, whereas the He II varia- tions take place across the full width of the pro—le. The He II emission line is about twice as broad as the Hb line. Comparison of the He II and Hb lags and line widths indicates that the BLR has a radially strati—ed ionization structure and that the highest velocity gas is closest to the continuum source. We also —nd no evidence for correlation between the line pro—le variations and the continuum and emission- line —ux variations, as has been found in other cases. Rather, the line pro—le variations seem to imply dynamical changes in the BLR. Subject headings: galaxies: activegalaxies: individual (Markarian 335) ¨ galaxies: Seyfert
High Brightness Violet InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diodes on Semipolar (10\bar{1}\bar{1}) Bulk GaN Substrates

We report the fabrication of violet InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on semipolar (1011) GaN bulk substrates. The LEDs have a dimension of 300 ×300 µm2 and are packaged in an epoxy resin. The output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) at a driving current of 20 mA were 20.58 mW and 33.91% respectively, with peak electroluminescence (EL) emission wavelength at 411 nm. The LEDs show minimal shift in peak EL wavelength with increasing drive current along with a high EQE.
Potential Analytical Applications of Lysenin Channels for Detection of Multivalent Ions

Transmembrane protein transporters possessing binding sites for ions, toxins, pharmaceutical drugs, and other molecules constitute excellent candidates for developing sensitive and selective biosensing devices. Their attractiveness for analytical purposes is enhanced by the intrinsic amplification capabilities shown when the binding event leads to major changes in the transportation of ions or molecules other than the analyte itself. The large-scale implementation of such transmembrane proteins in biosensing devices is limited by the difficulties encountered in inserting functional transporters into artificial bilayer lipid membranes and by the limitations in understanding and exploiting the changes induced by the interaction with the analyte for sensing purposes. Here, we show that lysenin, a pore-forming toxin extracted from earthworm Eisenia foetida, which inserts stable and large conductance channels into artificial bilayer lipid membranes, functions as a multivalent ion-sensing device. The analytical response consists of concentration and ionic-species-dependent macroscopic conductance inhibition most probably linked to a ligand-induced gating mechanism. Multivalent ion removal by chelation or precipitation restores, in most cases, the initial conductance and demonstrates reversibility. Changes in lipid bilayer membrane compositions leading to the absence of voltage-induced gating do not affect the analytical response to multivalent ions. Microscopic current analysis performed on individual lysenin channels in the presence of Cu2+ revealed complex open–closed transitions characterized by unstable intermediate sub-conducting states. Lysenin channels provide an analytical tool with a built-in sensing mechanism for inorganic and organic multivalent ions, and the excellent stability in an artificial environment recommend lysenin as a potential candidate for single-molecule detection and analysis.
Developmental changes in the effect of dimensional salience on the discriminability of object relations

Two experiments explored three issues regarding the nature of perceptual development in 5- and 10-year-old children and adults: (a) the role of featural discriminability, (b) the facilitatory role of identity relations, and (c) the role of salience in a task context designed to minimize the likelihood of attention-switching between dimensions during perceptual processing. In Experiment 1, perceptual salience for size and achromatic color dimensions was determined for each participant based on their best-fitting triad classification task response pattern. These same persons participated in Experiment 2, which employed a speeded visual discrimination task. The primary finding was that preassessed salience significantly influenced the 5-year-olds' ability to discriminate between two objects, while salience did not affect 10-year-olds' or adults' response times. The results of both experiments support Odom & Cook's (1992) differential-sensitivity view of perceptual development, but these data contribute important information by showing that salience effects in perceptual processing occur even when the observer is selectively attending to a particular dimension, likely during early component processes prior to classification.
k-nearest-neighbor Bayes-risk estimation

Nonparametric estimation of the Bayes risk R^\ast using a k -nearest-neighbor ( k -NN) approach is investigated. Estimates of the conditional Bayes error r(X) for use in an unclassified test sample approach to estimate R^\ast are derived using maximum-likelihood estimation techniques. By using the volume information as well as the class representations of the k -NN's to X , the mean-squared error of the conditional Bayes error estimate is reduced significantly. Simulations are presented to indicate the performance of the estimates using unclassified testing samples.
Role of Intrarenal Venous Pressure in the Regulation of Renal Vascular Resistance

A series of eighteen experiments have been carried out on the heart-lung perfused dog kidney, and the results have defined the role of the intrarenal veins in the autoregulation phenomenon. It was found that there are a variety of intrarenal venous pressures which differ greatly according to (a) anatomical location and (b) the prevailing renal-artery pressure. Findings have pointed out the importance of correct techniques in establishing the changes occurring in the intrarenal venous segment in response to an increase in renal artery pressure. An increase in ureteral pressure results in a significant decrease in renal blood flow and an increase in overall renal vascular resistance, which further supports the role of extra-vascular pressure increases in renal-flow regulation. The findings of the present study corroborate previous reports from this laboratory indicating that autoregulation is primarily accounted for on the basis of changes in renal extravascular pressure. Evidence has been provided for the absence of the "myogenie reflex" as a causal factor in autoregulation.
Rhenium Polyhydride Complexes Containing PhP(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)PCy(2))(2) (Cyttp): Protonation, Insertion, and Ligand Substitution Reactions of ReH(5)(Cyttp) and Structural Characterization of ReH(5)(Cyttp) and [ReH(4)(eta(2)-H(2))(Cyttp)]SbF(6).

Several new polyhydride complexes of rhenium containing the tridentate phosphine PhP(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)PCy(2))(2) (Cyttp) were synthesized and characterized by (1)H and (31)P{(1)H} NMR and IR spectroscopy. The solid state structure of the previously reported ReH(5)(Cyttp) (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography. 1 crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/m with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.582(2) A, b = 19.690(2) A, c = 10.800(2) A, beta = 95.57(1) degrees, and Z = 2. The molecule adopts a classical polyhydride, triangulated dodecahedral structure, with the three phosphorus atoms and one hydrogen atom occupying the B sites, and the remaining hydrogen atoms occupying the A sites. 1 is protonated by HSbF(6) (or HBF(4)) to yield [ReH(4)(eta(2)-H(2))(Cyttp)]SbF(6) (3), which was shown by X-ray diffraction techniques (space group Po, unit cell parameters: a = 9.874(2) A, b = 14.242(4) A, c = 16.198(2) A, alpha = 99.12(2) degrees, beta = 98.85(2) degrees, gamma = 109.42(2) degrees, and Z = 2) to contain a nonclassical polyhydride cation with a triangulated dodecahedral structure in the solid. The same structure is suggested in solution by (1)H NMR data (including T(1) measurements). 3 is inert to loss of H(2) and is unaffected by CO, t-BuNC, and P(OMe)(3) at room temperature. In contrast, 1 reacts with a variety of reagents to afford classical tetrahydride complexes which are thought also to possess a triangulated dodecahedral structure, with the hydrogens in the A sites, from spectroscopic evidence. Accordingly, CS(2), p-O(2)NC(6)H(4)NCS, and EtOC(O)NCS (X=C=S) insert into an Re-H bond to yield ReH(4)(SCH=X)(Cyttp) (5-7, respectively). MeI cleaves one Re-H bond to afford ReH(4)I(Cyttp) (8), and [C(7)H(7)]BF(4) abstracts hydride in the presence of MeCN, t-BuNC, CyNC, or P(OMe)(3) (L) to give [ReH(4)L(Cyttp)]BF(4) (9-12, respectively). A related pentahydride, ReH(5)(ttp) (2, ttp = PhP(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)PPh(2))(2)), also reacts with HSbF(6) to yield [ReH(6)(ttp)]SbF(6) (4), which appears to be a nonclassical polyhydride in solution by T(1) measurements.
Regional integration and domestic institutional homogeneity: a comparative analysis of regional integration in the Americas, Pacific Asia and Western Europe

This work argues that the formation of an economic union requires that the homogeneity of domestic economic institutions and the process of regional integration reinforce each other. Granger causality tests on four cases of regional integration in the Americas, Asia and Europe (1975 through 1995) confirm our thesis. These cases include the Andean Pact, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Central American Common Market and the European Union. The most successful case of integration - the European Union - does evince a pattern of positive interaction between the two variables, while less successful cases, found in Latin America, are lacking in this mechanism of mutual influence. We further discuss several regional groups that have recently emerged and use our theoretical implications to assess their future development.
The effective one-loop scalar lagrangian with derivative couplings

Abstract The one-loop effective scalar lagrangian is given in an explicitly field redefinition invariant form for a general model with derivative scalar self-couplings and scalar couplings to spin - 1 2 fermions. Applications are given for the non-linear α-model and the leading N (N = number of chiral multiplets) contribution to the quadratically divergent terms in no-scale supergravity models of the type that may arise from compactification of superstring theories. The formalism is easily generalized to the case of background gauge fields.
Design And Implementation Of A Hierarchical Automated Inspection System

In order to provide a framework for the evaluation of, and need for, sensor information appropriate to real time manufacturing control, a workcell based on a 5-axis machining center was developed. This workcell defines a problem space within which automated inspection is to be applied. Primarily, we are interested in evaluating the use of machine vision and Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM's) as means to provide information to an automated workcell controller. This controller will use these sensing technologies in a hierarchical fashion exploiting the speed vs. accuracy tradeoff's characteristic of tactile and non-tactile coordinate acquisition. We have implemented an Octree solid modeling system which has the capabilities of model generation from the information provided by the vision system. In addition, the Octree method lends itself to simulating the actual manufacturing process. Our system reads the machine tool G-Codes generated by our CAD system and simulates the material removal operation by successively removing intersections between the tool and workpiece. This machined model is then used for automatic inspection sequence generation. This paper will describe the framework and architecture of our automated inspection system, as well as specifics relating to the Octree modeling system.
Effect of interfacial viscosities on the stability of a liquid thread

Abstract A linear stability analysis is carried out to predict the effect of the interfacial viscosities upon the breakup of a uniform, cylindrical, liquid thread that is suspended at rest in an immiscible liquid. The result suggests an alternative technique for the measurement of the interfacial shear viscosity.
Mallmann curves and variable moment of inertia models for nuclei

Abstract The plot of R J (R J = E J 1 + E 2 1 + ) against R4, J = 6, 8, …, provides a clear picture of the trends of nuclear (quasi)rotational behavior in doubly even nuclei. Plots are presented up to J = 16, based upon recent experimental data. Corresponding curves predicted by various variable moment of inertia (VMI) models are calculated within the framework of Mantri and Sood's formalism and a comparison is made with these (Mallmann) curves. The comparison clearly shows how well various VMI recipes can be fitted to the experimental data and permits a discussion of the contributing microscopic factors.
The role of resuspended soil in lead flows in the California South Coast Air Basin

The inputs and outputs of airborne lead in the South Coast Air Basin of California (SOCAB) are quantified according to standard mass balance calculations. Results for 2001 show that approximately 49,000 kg of lead exitthe Basin each year, but traditional sources contribute only about 6500 kg of lead each year. We resolve this discrepancy through a simple computer model that quantifies the resuspension of lead-containing particles. Our results suggest that these lead particles were deposited during the years of leaded gasoline use and that resuspension is responsible for generating an additional 54,000 kg of airborne lead each year. This agrees roughly with estimated outputs. Thus, we conclude that resuspension, although an insignificant source of airborne lead during the era of leaded fuel, became a principal source in the SOCAB as lead emissions from vehicles declined. The results of the resuspension model further suggest that soil lead levels will remain elevated for many decades, in which case resuspension will remain a major source well into the future.
Estimation and Prediction of Orbital Debris Reentry Trajectories

Tracking and prediction of orbital debris trajectories have recently received a great deal of attention due to the increasing proliferation of such objects and the hazard they pose to operational spacecraft. Most analyseshave focused on in-orbit dynamics, such as the probability of collision with low-orbiting satellites, especially the International Space Station. Less attention has been given to the problem of reentry estimation and impact prediction. During reentry, aerodynamic forces dominate the dynamics, which presents a challenge to the trajectory estimation problem because the relevant characteristics of debris (size, shape, and mass) needed to model the trajectory accurately are largely unknown. A ground-based trajectory estimation method is described that attempts to determine simultaneously the unknown time-varying ballistic coefficients with the state vector using an extended Kalman filter. This filter estimates the unknown ballistic coefficients by using dynamic process noise parameters based on an integral state model. A posteriori information from the filter is processed by a Monte Carlo algorithm to predict the impact location. Simulation results are presented and suggest a high degree of accuracy in both the estimation and prediction stages.
Cloning and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS7 gene: evidence for function outside of lysine biosynthesis.

Abstract The Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS7 gene has been cloned based on its genetic map position and complementation of a lys7 mutant. The 1453-bp sequence contains an open reading frame (ORF) that predicts a unique 249 amino acid (aa) protein. A Northern blot experiment demonstrated that LYS7 transcription was not regulated by lysine-specific or general aa control mechanisms. To investigate the effects of total loss of LYS7 function, we created a complete deletion of the gene and introduced this allele into wild-type yeast. The lys7Δ mutant requires lysine and simultaneously displays an array of phenotypes that include pH and temperature sensitivity. The pleiotropic phenotypes of the lys7Δ mutant and the constitutive transcription pattern are at odds with the hypothesis that Lys7p functions solely in the lysine biosynthesis pathway.
Basic trauma life support: what is it?

After the National Academy of Science identified trauma as “the neglected disease of modern society” in 1966,’ there has been a massive effort to upgrade emergency medical care in the ‘United States. Early training of paramedics concentrated on field stabilization because of the intense medical scrutiny of lay personnel performing skills previously the prerogative of physicians. The initial success of stabilizing cardiac patients at home by taking an “emergency room on wheels” and in some cases even a physician to the scene, set the trend for emergency medical services (EMSs) of the 1970~.~ We have since realized that serious trauma cannot be stabilized in the field, but needs expeditious supportive care during transport to a facility prepared to immediately treat this surgical emergency. Basic trauma life support (BTLS) has evolved to train prehospital care personnel to properly handle seriously injured patients. In September 1986 at the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Scientific Assembly in Atlanta, GA, the Board of Directors of the ACEP recommended that BTLS be “endorsed and promulgated” as a course for teaching paramedics advanced trauma care in the pre-hospital setting.3 A similar program, Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) has been developed by the American College of Surgeons.4 Emergency physicians, trauma surgeons, and emergency medical service system directors will increasingly be interfacing with prehospital care providers trained by these programs. BTLS incorporates the current fund of knowledge regarding trauma care into a philosophy of prehospital management stressing rapid examination, rapid identification of life threatening problems, and rapid transport to a facility capable of dealing with the multiply injured. It encompasses an educational system for training paramedics, relying heavily on adult education techniques and the development of advanced psychomotor skills, requiring approximately 24 hours of instruction. Heavy emphasis on role playing in moulaged scenarios is used to teach initial assessment. A main component of the course is to teach the student how to perform a rapid physical examination to identify
Mitochondrial stress causes increased succination of proteins in adipocytes in response to glucotoxicity.

2SC [ S -(2-succino)-cysteine] is a chemical modification formed by a Michael addition reaction of fumarate with cysteine residues in proteins. Formation of 2SC, termed ‘succination’ of proteins, increases in adipocytes grown in high-glucose medium and in adipose tissues of Type 2 diabetic mice. However, the metabolic mechanisms leading to increased fumarate and succination of protein in the adipocyte are unknown. Treatment of 3T3 cells with high glucose (30 mM compared with 5 mM) caused a significant increase in cellular ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD + and Δψ m (mitochondrial membrane potential). There was also a significant increase in the cellular fumarate concentration and succination of proteins, which may be attributed to the increase in NADH/NAD + and subsequent inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle NAD + -dependent dehydrogenases. Chemical uncouplers, which dissipated Δψ m and reduced the NADH/NAD + ratio, also decreased the fumarate concentration and protein succination. High glucose plus metformin, an inhibitor of complex I in the electron transport chain, caused an increase in fumarate and succination of protein. Thus excess fuel supply (glucotoxicity) appears to create a pseudohypoxic environment (high NADH/NAD + without hypoxia), which drives the increase in succination of protein. We propose that increased succination of proteins is an early marker of glucotoxicity and mitochondrial stress in adipose tissue in diabetes.
Simulating Average Delay–Variance Reduction by Conditioning

An improved simulation estimator of the expected total delay of the first n customers in the systems GI/M/k and GI/G/I is obtained by replacing the (raw data) delay of customer i by its expected delay given the state of the system upon its arrival. It is improved in the sense that the sum of the first n such values has the same mean and smaller variance than the usual (raw) estimator. The only constraint on the arrival process is that it be independent of the process of service times.
Fantasies for Sale: Marketing Products that do not yet Exist

Considers some of the processes of futures marketing particularly as practiced by one company, Corning Inc. Discusses company culture and two methods of marketing nonexistent products. Concludes that a company that markets new types of products must be constantly watchful for changes that could impact its plans and must be ready to reassess and replan immediately if external or internal situations indicate doing so.
What the online manipulation of linguistic activity can tell us about language and thought.

Questions about the relationship between language and thought have long fascinated psychologists, philosophers, and the general public. One specific question is the extent to which verbal labels causally impact cognitive processes—how does calling an object by a particular name influence the way people categorize it; how does knowing words for mental states influence our reasoning about the minds of others; how does learning and using words like left influence our navigation behavior? One way to learn how the words we use to label objects, mental states, or locations affect our thoughts is to increase or decrease the ease with which we can use these words and observe outcomes of these manipulations on “non-linguistic” tasks. For example, if the word left enables us to remember which way to turn, preventing its activation might be expected to disrupt navigation. Manipulating the labeling process (and the engagement of language more broadly) is therefore very useful in exploring how language influences cognition. In this paper, we review two methodologies for implementing linguistic manipulations: verbal interference and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and discuss what we can learn about the role of language in cognitive processes from this line of research.
Prevalence, Spectrum, and Outcome of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Abnormalities in Twin–twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Large, Single-center Experience

Objectives Twin–twin transfusion syndrome is a serious complication in 10–20% of monochorionic diamniotic (or higher) twin gestations. Cardiac changes in the “recipient” twin in twin–twin transfusion can include anatomic and functional abnormalities of the right ventricular outflow tract, which have only been described in several small series. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the incidence and outcome of right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities in a large cohort of twin–twin transfusion cases seen at a single referral center. Methods A retrospective review of all cases of twin–twin transfusion syndrome seen in our center between 2004 and 2010 was performed. Fetal echocardiographic findings were reviewed, and the presence of right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities—including functional/anatomic pulmonary atresia, pulmonary stenosis, or isolated pulmonary insufficiency—was noted. Impact of selective fetoscopic laser therapy on right ventricular outflow tract abnormality and postnatal outcomes with regard to survival and residual right ventricular outflow tract abnormality were ascertained by review of medical records and telephone interview. Results Right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities were observed in 53/610 (8.7%) of recipient twins but in no donor twins. Pulmonary atresia (24/53, 45%) was most common, followed by pulmonary stenosis (16/53, 30%) and isolated pulmonary insufficiency (13/53, 25%). Fetal therapy resulted in acute improvements in 10/42 recipient twins following selective fetoscopic laser therapy, but persistent right ventricular outflow tract abnormality was noted in 33% of recipient twins surviving to birth. Conclusions Right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities impact ∼9% of recipient twins in twin–twin transfusion syndrome, many of whom will have persistent abnormalities despite otherwise successful therapy. These data justify efforts to increase awareness and monitoring of the cardiac sequelae of twin–twin transfusion syndrome in these high-risk pregnancies.
Aorta and Other Soft Tissue Calcification in the Magnesium-deficient Rat

Soft tissue calcification in the rat as induced by magnesium de ficiency was studied with the emphasis on aorta calcification. In experiment 1 supplementation of the basal diet (80 ppm Mg) with 20 or 40 ppm magnesium permitted survival, yet induced kidney, heart and aorta calcification. A decrease in the aorta uptake of glycine-l-"C was also found. Experiment 2 showed a de crease in the elastin content of the aorta, a decreased aorta elastin glycine-1-14C uptake and an increase in the aorta elastin calcium content in rats fed the mag nesium-deficient basal diet supplemented with 20 ppm magnesium. In experi ment 3 restricted feeding of the magnesium-adequate diet ( 1000 ppm Mg added) did not alter the tissue calcium levels, percentage of aorta elastin, or aorta elastin calcium content when compared with magnesium-adequate ad libitum-fed rats. These experiments indicate that elastin is the site of calcification in magnesium deficiency and that the metabolism of the aorta elastin is altered. J. Nutr. AOO: 1501-1506, 1970.
Novel tree-search algorithm versus Sphere-Decoding-Based Algorithms for MIMO system with Inter-Symbol Interference

In this paper we firstly propose a general model to combat the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by frequency selective channels in a Multi-InputMulti-Output (MIMO) system and/or by asynchronous cooperative transmissions. The general model is not only exemplified by the Asynchronous Cooperative Liner Dispersion Codes (ACLDC) scheme, but also by the Time-Reversed Space-Time Block Code (TR-STBC) scheme. In these schemes a guard interval of various lengths has to be inserted to help mitigate the effect of ISI. Consequently, this could impact the effective symbol rate for a small block-size. A larger block size however, could substantially increase the decoding complexity. We present a novel low-complexity breadth-adjustable tree-search algorithm in the proposed general model. We will discuss the difference between our algorithm and the Sphere Decoding (SD)-based algorithms. With simulation results, we will illustrate that our algorithm will achieve the optimal Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance with a complexity that is lower than the SD-based algorithms, whether the system employs the ACLDC scheme or the TR-STBC scheme.
Apolipoprotein A-I Protection Against Atherosclerosis Is Dependent on Genetic Background

Objective—Inbred mouse strains have different susceptibilities to experimental atherosclerosis. The C57BL/6 strain is among the most sensitive and has, therefore, been the most widely used in atherosclerosis studies, whereas many strains are resistant. The FVB/N strain is highly resistant to atherosclerosis on the apolipoprotein E (apoE)– and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor–deficient backgrounds. High-density lipoprotein and its major apoprotein, apoA-I, have been shown to be protective against atherogenesis on the C57BL/6 background. We here examine the influence of genetic background on the atheroprotective nature of apoA-I. Approach and Results—ApoE-deficient/apoA-I-deficient mice were generated in the C57BL/6 and FVB/N strains from apoE-deficient mice. After 6 to 10 weeks on a Western-type diet, plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesion size were assessed. Macrophage recruitment, cholesterol regulation, and blood monocyte levels were examined as potential mechanisms driving lesion size differenc...
Implementing prototype testing tools

Testing tools are software analyzers that use information from particular executions of a program as well as information about a specification and the program text itself. Research prototypes of such tools are essential to investigate the ideas they embody. Often, hand calculation is so tedious and error-prone that an investigator cannot obtain any intuition about his or her ideas without an implementation to aid in experiments. Traditionally, such tools have been implemented in conventional high-level languages (e.g., C, Pascal), a process that takes more time than a prototype should. The technology of compiler generators and logic programming, applied to the idea of self-instrumenting programs, drastically shortens the prototype cycle. This paper describes a general method for implementing prototype tools, gives examples of several old and new testing techniques fitted into the method, and discusses the ease with which such prototypes may be changed.
Partitioning and synthesis for hybrid architecture simulators

Pure software simulators are too slow to simulate modern complex computer architectures and systems. Hybrid software/hardware simulators have been proposed to accelerate architecture simulation. However, the design of the hardware portions and hardware/software interface of the simulator is time-consuming, making it difficult to modify and improve these simulators. We here describe the Simulation Partitioning Research Infrastructure (SPRI), an infrastructure which partitions the software architectural model under user guidance and automatically synthesizes hybrid simulators. We also present a case study using SPRI to investigate the performance limitations and bottlenecks of the generated hybrid simulators.
Constructing comparative sentences: Linguistic marking and affect

Past research has demonstrated a greater “naturalness” of comparative constructions with the unmarked adjective. Not only do subjects typically create sentences of the form “A is longer than B” more frequently than “B is shorter than A,” but such constructions are also more quickly verified. One explanation for this preference is in terms of Linguistic Marking (e.g., Clark, 1969a, b). Because the semantic featural coding hypothesized for unmarked adjectives is simpler than that of marked adjectives, the observed facilitation effects would be expected. However, an equally viable explanation is in terms of the greater positive affect of the unmarked adjective (see Osgood et al., 1957). Since linguistic marking and affect are typically confounded in past research (the unmarked adjective is also the most affectively positive), the present experiment discriminates between these two interpretations by providing also contexts in which linguistic marking and affect are not confounded. Here, analysis of the comparatives constructed by 96 subjects revealed the preference for the unmarked adjective only where it was also the most affectively positive. Where the marked was the more positive, the reverse was observed, as predicted by Osgood (et al., 1957).
Behaviors induced by intrastriatal dopamine vary independently across the estrous cycle.

Abstract Unilateral intrastriatal injections of dopamine (DA; 25 μg/0.25 μl) or amphetamine (AMPHET; 25 μg/0.25 μl) induced contralateral postural deviation and contralateral rotation that varied systematically across the estrous cycle of Long-Evans hooded rats. Both the deviation and rotation elicited by either drug were suppressed during the early part of the day of proestrus (2–6 hours after lights on) and were enhanced on the day of estrus, compared to the other days of the estrous cycle. However, when the behaviors elicited by the two drugs were examined across the day of proestrus, it was found that postural deviation and rotation changed independently. Postural deviation elicited by intrastriatal DA and AMPHET was suppressed on the day of proestrus at 4 and 7 hours after lights on, but was enhanced to the level seen during estrus at 11 hours after lights on. In contrast, contralateral rotation induced by either drug was suppressed 4,7 and 11 hours after lights on and was enhanced only by the morning of estrus. These data suggest that there are separate DA-modulated mechanisms within the striatum for postural deviation and contralateral rotation, and that these mechanisms are differently affected across the estrous cycle.
Physical synthesis methodology for high performance microprocessors

Integrated logic synthesis and physical design (physical synthesis) continues to play a very important role in high performance microprocessor design methodologies. In this paper, we present the integrated physical synthesis timing closure methodology used in the current generation microprocessors. Physical synthesis techniques were aggressively used as part of logic and placement optimizations for performance, power and area. The design turn around times were significantly reduced and timing convergence was consistently acheived.
Minimum energy reliable paths using unreliable wireless links

We address the problem of energy-efficient reliable wireless communication in the presence of unreliable or lossy wireless link layers in multi-hop wireless networks. Prior work [1] has provided an optimal energy efficient solution to this problem for the case where link layers implement perfect reliability. However, a more common scenario --- a link layer that is not perfectly reliable, was left as an open problem. In this paper we first present two centralized algorithms, BAMER and GAMER, that optimally solve the minimum energy reliable communication problem in presence of unreliable links. Subsequently we present a distributed algorithm, DAMER, that approximates the performance of the centralized algorithm and leads to significant performance improvement over existing single-path or multi-path based techniques.
Inorganic protocells: Gated access to microreactors

A pH-responsive inorganic membrane has been devised that acts as a gatekeeper for the transport of charged solutes into and out of its interior volume. This behaviour was further used to regulate an enzymatic reaction.
Interlayer coupling and surface roughness in GMR spin valves

An atomic-scale model is developed to analyze interlayer coupling in permalloy/silver/permalloy GMR spin valves. The coupling in a smooth interface spin valve is assumed to be anti-ferromagnetic due to interlayer electron scattering. With rough silver/permalloy interfaces, the coupling remains anti-ferromagnetic even with the enhanced magnetostatic energy.
Helium cyclotron resonance within the earth's magnetosphere

A histogram of electromagnetic Alfven/ion cyclotron wave frequencies, sampled within the geostationary environment and normalized by the equatorial proton cyclotron frequency, shows a dramatic gap centered near the helium (He +) cyclotron frequency. Also, strongly cyclotron phase bunched helium ions (20-200 eV) have been observed directly within the vicinity of wave environments. These observations are interpreted as resulting from the absorption of the waves through cyclotron resonance by cool ambient populations of helium ions.
Predicting the temperature dependence of microbial respiration in soil: A continental-scale analysis

[1] The production of CO2 by soil microorganisms is an important component of the global carbon cycle, and its temperature sensitivity is poorly constrained in global models. To improve our understanding of the factors controlling the temperature dependence of soil microbial respiration, we analyzed the temperature sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon decomposition for 77 soils collected from a wide array of ecosystem types. Across all of the soils, the average Q10 value (the factor by which decomposition rates increase for a 10C increase in temperature) was 3.0, but the range in Q10 values was substantial (2.2 to 4.6). A large percentage (45%) of the variation in Q10 values could be explained by the relative rate of microbial respiration per unit organic C, an analog for C quality. This result provides support for the ‘‘carbon quality-temperature’’ hypothesis that directly links the temperature dependence of microbial decomposition and the biochemical recalcitrance of soil organic carbon. A smaller percentage (17%) of the variability in Q10 values could be explained by the mean monthly temperature at the time of sampling, suggesting that microbial communities may adapt to the antecedent temperature regime. By showing that the Q10 of microbial respiration in soil is largely predictable under standardized incubation conditions, this work increases our understanding of the temperature sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon stores.
The Price of Housing in New York City, 1830-1860

Dissatisfaction with the high transaction costs of compensating workers for their injuries led seven states in the 1910s to enact legislation requiring that employers insure their workers' compensation risks through exclusive state insurance funds. This paper traces the political-economic history of the success of compulsory state insurance in three states in the 1910s -- Minnesota, Ohio, and Washington. State insurance gained broad support in these states because a coalition of progressive legislators took control of their respective legislatures, bringing with them the idea that government had the unique ability to correct market imperfections. The political environment in which state insurance thrived in the 1910s provides important insights into the growth of government in the 1930s and 1960s. The major social insurance programs of the New Deal and the Great Society were widely supported at the time because the private market was seen as unable to solve a particular problem, such as unemployment compensation or poverty in old-age. This paper argues that the government's dramatic expansion after the 1932 federal election was not unprecedented; in fact, the ideological roots of New Deal activism were planted during the debates over compulsory state insurance and workers' compensation in the 1910s.
Withdrawal from chronic treatment with (±)-DOI causes super-sensitivity to 5-HT2 receptor-induced head-twitch behaviour in mice

Mice were injected once daily for 13 days with (+/-)-DOI ((+-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane) and the induced head-twitch response (HTR) was scored. On days 2-5 HTR was reduced to less than 50% of day 1, and then returned to control levels by day 13. Challenge doses of (+/-)-DOI administered on days 15, 17 or 19 elicited significantly exaggerated responses. Thus, chronic treatment with (+/-)-DOI may cause an initial down-regulation followed by an up-regulation of 5-HT2 receptor function after cessation of such treatment.
The impact of an interprofessional standardized patient exercise on attitudes toward working in interprofessional teams

Effective interprofessional education engages participants in authentic tasks, settings and roles. Using these guiding principles, an interprofessional standardized patient exercise (ISPE) was developed and implemented for 101 dental, medical, nurse practitioner, pharmacy and physical therapy students. This study describes the ISPE and evaluates its impact on students' attitudes toward working in interprofessional teams. The attitudes toward health care teams (ATHCT) survey was administered pre- and post-ISPE and to a sample of non-participating students. Faculty and students were surveyed post-ISPE about outcomes and satisfaction. Focus groups were conducted with students from each profession. Students' attitudes toward team-based care improved significantly on the team value and team efficiency subscales of the ATHCT. There were significant differences in attitudes toward team-based care by profession. Faculty and student satisfaction with the ISPE was high. These findings contribute to the growing body...
Cuban Polypores and Agarics

FOMITIPORELLA ALTOCEDRONENSIS Murrill. Dead trunk in a forest. FOMITIPORIA CUBENSIS Murrill. Old log in a field. FLAVOMARGINATA Murrill. Decayed hardwood logs in a forest. FUSCOPORELLA CORUSCANS Murrill. Decayed hardwood logs in a forest. PALMICOLA (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill. Dead stipes of a prickly palm. FUSCOPORIA FERRUGINOSA (Schrad.) Murrill. Dead hardwood. RUFITINCTA (Cooke) Murrill. Dead wood. MELANOPORELLA CARBONACEA (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill. Dead trunks. TINCTOPORIA AURANTIOTINGENS (Ellis & Macbr.) Murrill. Decayed hardwood logs. 22
Survey on Food Purchase and Consumption Education of Children and Adolescents with and without Householder Register in Haidian District of Beijing

Objective To obtain the information of food purchase and consumption education in children and adolescents with and without householder register in Haidian District of Beijing,and to provide a basis for developing intervention measures.Methods A total of 969 primary and secondary school students were selected from Haidian District by two-stage stratified random cluster sampling.A questionnaire survey was conducted.Results Parents gave pocket money for their good performance in 25.3% of the investigated children and adolescents(the rate was lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than in those without,P0.05).14.1% of the investigated parents gave pocket money to their children when they realized that the children needed it,and 2.3% of them gave pocket money as much as the children asked for.Mothers were mainly responsible for food purchase in 76.9% of the investigated families.Children and parents were both responsible for food purchase in 31.8% families,while 19.7% children often purchased food by themselves(the rate was significantly lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than in those without,P0.05).The top four influencing factors of food purchase were "food hygiene","food freshness","food taste" and "food quality",which were same in children and adolescents with and without Haidian householder register.22.5% of children and adolescents investigated often asked their parents to purchase certain kind of food(the rate was significantly higher in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than in those without,P0.01).As for the children's requirements for food purchase,the parents satisfied the requests of their children whatever they wanted in 5.6% of the investigated families(the rate was significantly higher in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than in those without,P0.001),while in 14.0% of the families,food purchase depended on the parents and in 2.4% of the families,the parents forbade their children to purchase food by themselves.Conclusions The families with and without Haidian householder register both have irrational behaviors in food purchase and consumption education.Active intervention measures should be taken on the children,adolescents and their parents to correct their irrational behaviors.
Abstract 14725: Association of Adipokines With Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction - The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background: Adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin and resistin have been associated with heart failure. We explore the association of adipokines and myocardial fibrosis as MRI-derived measure of subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Methods: For the current analysis, we studied MESA subjects who had adiponectin, leptin, resistin and TNF-α measured at second/third follow-up exams (2003-2005) and underwent post gadolinium MRI T1 mapping at 25 minutes for assessment of myocardial fibrosis at the fifth follow-up exam (2010 -2012). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of log-transformed adipokine levels with T1 time. BMI-stratified analysis was performed when the interaction term of BMI and adipokines was significant. Lower T1 time reflects greater myocardial fibrosis. Results: Four hundred and twenty three subjects (mean age: 61.4(8.1), 187 females) were included in the analysis. Median values of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and TNF-α were 16.9 μg/ml (IQR: 11-25), 11.1 ng/ml (IQR:5-25), 14 ng/ml(IQR:11-17) and 4.5 pg/ml(IQR:3.5-5.9). Higher adiponectin was associated with lower degree of myocardial fibrosis in subjects with BMI Conclusion: Higher adiponectin is associated with lower degree of myocardial fibrosis in normal weight subjects. Leptin in obese individuals and resistin in those with normal BMI are positively associated with myocardial fibrosis.
Four-wave mixing at optical frequencies in collisional plasmas

There has been considerable interest in the nonlinear optical properties in collisional plasmas. Much of this interest has been generated by the observation of second through fifth1 and nonintegral2 harmonic generation in laser-produced plasmas.
Stability, control, and power flow in ad hoc DC microgrids

Lack of access to electricity continues to plague more than one billion people. Microgrids which could be set up with limited planning would allow underserved communities to participate in energy markets without central oversight, but preexisting stability criteria and control techniques are ill-suited to this kind of network. We focus on the stability and control of networks formed by the ad hoc interconnection of modular power sources and loads. Equilibrium point feasibility — a minimum node voltage and minimum distribution efficiency — can be guaranteed by placing upper bounds on the droop and line resistances. Small-signal stability of the equilibrium point can be guaranteed by including a minimum capacitance (often already present) at the input of each load converter. We derive closed-form expressions for each of these bounds. Additionally, we present experimental validation of a new, multipurpose, secondary microgrid control scheme. The proposed method improves voltage regulation and power sharing — eliminating the steady-state power sharing error inherent to previous methods.
An Introduction to Compliance and Enforcement

This book addresses the topic of environmental compliance and enforcement from a variety of perspectives. The law review and other literatures have long-recognized that effective compliance and enforcement programs — programs that are intended to encourage conformance with agency regulations — are essential components of successful regulation. Indeed, the literature recognizes that environmental laws may have little impact in the absence of effective compliance and enforcement programs. Such programs currently come in many shapes and sizes. Scholars in a range of disciplines, as well as policy makers, continue to invest considerable effort to improve understanding of the optimal mix of compliance-promotion approaches in different contexts. The mix of approaches to compliance, enforcement and ‘beyond compliance’ tools has expanded significantly in recent years through the introduction of private governance mechanisms such as ‘green supply chain management,’ expanding the role of the private sector in compliance and enforcement-like activities.