cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Test of Paved Area Reduction Factors Using a Storm Water Management Model and Water Quality Test Site

AbstractA water quality research facility located at Parking Lot K on the Auraria campus of the University of Colorado, Denver was used to create a calibrated hydraulic model that represents rainfall and runoff from a small, developed urban watershed. The calibrated model was used to test effective impervious values that have been proposed in previous research. Field tests included a hydraulic model that was calibrated with 3 years of recorded rainfall and runoff data and four case studies. Each case study compared the theoretical development of paved area reduction factors with two types of storm water low-impact development practices, a porous pavement section, and water quality pond. These two types of storm water best management practices have been defined as a conveyance-based and storage-based reduction factors in previous studies. This study found a strong correlation with theoretical reduction factors when they are compared to measured rainfall events and also when design storm distributions are a...
Turbulence-induced crosstalk in multiple-spatial-mode optical communication

Free-space optical communication at 10 bits/photon and 5 bits/sec-Hz requires hundreds to thousands of spatial modes. This paper compares turbulence-induced crosstalk for such systems using focused-beam, Hermite-Gaussian, or Laguerre-Gaussian modes.
SENSITIVITY OF RAINBOW STRUCTURE IN PROTON--HELIUM ELASTIC SCATTERING TO SMALL CHANGES IN THE POTENTIAL SURFACE.

The proton-on-helium elastic-scattering differential cross section is computed through the rainbow region for two different potential surfaces, each of high accuracy, for center-of-mass energies 92.7 and 15.4 eV (115.8 and 19.3 eV in the lab frame) to test an assumption that the semiclassical approximation would give adequate information at the rainbow angle to distinguish experimentally the better of the theoretical potentials.
Protein synthesis in isolated, beating rat atria.

Untersuchungen uber die Proteinsynthese am isolierten, spontan schlagenden Rattenherzvorhof ergeben einen linearen Syntheseverlauf wahrend mehrerer Stunden bei relativ normalem Energieverbrauch des Gewebes. Die Einbaugeschwindigkeit des Leuzins in das Gesamtprotein des Vorhofs ist hoher als bei anderen untersuchten Geweben.
High-temperature corrosion of Co-15Mo alloys containing ternary additions of Al in mixed-gas environments

The corrosion behavior of Co-15 at.% Mo alloys containing up to 20at.% Al in gaseous H2-H2O-H2S mixtures was studied over the temperature range of 600–900°C. The corrosion kinetics of all alloys followed the parabolic rate law over the temperature range of interest. Corrosion resistance increased with increasing aluminum content. Complex scales formed on the alloys, consisting of an outer layer of cobalt sulfide and a heterophasic inner layer. Al2O3formed only at high temperatures in alloys having aluminum additions of 15at.% or more. The absence of Al2O3in some cases is due to the small volume fraction of the intermetallic phase CoAl in the alloys and the nature of the slow growth rate of Al2O3.Improvement in corrosion resistance is attributed to the presence of a ternary sulfide, Al0.55Mo2S4,and Al2O3in the inner layer.
Effect of the Defoliant Thidiazuron on Ethylene Evolution from Mung Bean Hypocotyl Segments

The effect of the defoliant thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) on ethylene evolution from etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments was examined. Treatment of hypocotyl segments with concentrations of thidiazuron equal to or greater than 30 nanomolar stimulated ethylene evolution. Increased rates of ethylene evolution from thidiazuron-treated tissues could be detected within 90 minutes of treatment and persisted up to 30 hours after treatment. Radioactive methionine was readily taken up by thidiazuron-treated tissues and was converted to ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and an acidic conjugate of ACC. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, aminooxyacetic acid, cobalt chloride, and α-aminoisobutyric acid reduced ethylene evolution from treated tissues. An increase in the endogenous content of free ACC coincided with the increase in ethylene evolution following thidiazuron treatment. Uptake and conversion of exogenous ACC to ethylene were not affected by thidiazuron treatment. No increases in the extractable activities of ACC synthase were detected following thidiazuron treatment.
Prevalence of Liver Lesions in Brown Bullheads from a Polluted Site and a Nonpolluted Reference Site on the Hudson River, New York

Abstract Two groups of Hudson River brown bullheads Ictalurus nebulosus were collected during fall 1987 in a preliminary investigation of the potential value of these fish as indicators of contamination of this body of water. Prevalence of some specific lesions, determined through histological examination of liver samples, may serve as an indicator of exposure to chemical contaminants. Significantly higher prevalences of hepatic hemosiderosis (P = 0.0092), periductal fibrosis (P = 0.0085), and duct and ductule proliferation (P = 0.0032) were found in fish collected from the contaminated site (Fort Edward, New York) than in fish from the noncontaminated reference site (Corinth, New York).
BRAIN FREE AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS AND L-GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE (GAD) ACTIVITY IN A PATIENT WITH VITAMIN B6 DEPENDENCY SEIZURES

The basic biochemical defect in B6 dependency seizures has not been elucidated, though it has been postulated that brain GAD or perhaps another system may be B6 dependent in such patients. We have examined free amino acids (umoles/gm fresh tissue) and GAD activity in brain from one of the original patients, who died in status epilepticus after not having been given B6 for 3 days. Glutamic acid was increased in frontal (71.8 vs. 47.8 ± 11.9) and occipital lobes (68.0 vs. 48.8 ± 10.1) whereas GABA was decreased (frontal 1.3 vs. 7.4 ± 2.8; occipital 1.1 vs. 10.1 ± 4.0). Cystathionine (cysta) was increased in both frontal (4.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.6) and occipital (11.3 vs. 3.3 ± 1.4) lobes but cystine was virtually undetectable in both patient and control brains. Frontal lobe GAD activity, as measured by 14CO2 formation from DL-glu (1-14C), was undetectable in the patient without added pyridoxal -5'-PO4, (PLP) as was true in 3 of 4 controls. However, activity was detectable by the addition of as little as .1 uM PLP (30 cpm/mg protein vs. 0-160 in controls) and was enhanced comparable to controls upon further PLP additions (.2-100 uM). Thus GLU and GABA concentrations suggested reduced GAD activity in vivo but no specific B6 dependency could be shown. Cysta increase suggested the possibility of B6 dependent brain cystathionase deficiency.
Responses of surface heat flux, sea ice and ocean dynamics in the Chukchi–Beaufort sea to storm passages during winter 2006/2007: A numerical study

Abstract This study investigates storm impacts on sea ice, oceanic dynamics, and surface heat flux in the Chukchi–Beaufort Seas using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM). Two types of storms affect the study area: Arctic-born cyclones and north-moving Aleutian lows, which lead to strong westerly and easterly winds, respectively. Driven by 6-hourly forcing, the CIOM successfully reproduced the storm impacts. Simulated sea ice movements are comparable to the satellite observations. Storms usually result in fast-moving ice, which is faster than the speed of the surface water, and the gap between sea ice and surface water speed increases with wind speed. Storms can alter the pathways of the Pacific inflow water: with westerly winds, the Pacific inflow water goes no further than the latitude of Wrangel Island, while with easterly winds the Pacific inflow water can flow northward into the interior Arctic basin. Strong easterly winds associated with north-moving Aleutian lows reverse the Alaskan Coastal Current and the Bering Slope Current, and induce upwelling along the north Alaska coast. Westerly winds associated with Arctic-born cyclones act in an opposite way. During the storms, heat loss to the atmosphere is about twice that of normal conditions, which is mainly attributed to increases of the sensible and latent heat fluxes over the open water. Heat loss over ice was quite stable with some small fluctuations in response to the storms.
A new frontier for superconductivity

Monolayer films of iron selenide deposited on strontium titanate display signatures of superconductivity at temperatures as high as 109 K. These recent developments may herald a flurry of exciting findings concerning superconductivity at interfaces.
Research on Optimal Diagnostic Strategy Based on Multi-signal Flow Graph Model and Information Entropy

Aiming at diagnostic problem of Aircraft gun fire control system, a diagnostic method based on multi-signal flow graph model and information entropy was proposed. Firstly, according to analysis of aircraft gun fire control system's function, its multi-signal flow graph model was built. Then the fault-test dependency matrix was got. Finally the optimal diagnostic strategy was calculated based on information entropy. The experiment validates that aircraft gun fire control system could be diagnosed at the least test cost by the proposed method.
The Bible For To-day

" N THE Bible we have not merely an historical document and aclassic of English literature but the Word of God. The Bible carries its full message not to those who regard it simply as a heritage of the past or praise its literary style, but to those who read it that they may discern and understand God's Word to men. And men need the Word of God in our time and hereafter as never before." These words are taken from the preface to the Revised Standard Version of the New Testament of 1946.
THE ROLES OF PERCEIVED AND ACTUAL CONTROL IN MEMORY FOR SPOKEN LANGUAGE

The effects of personal control on memory for spoken language were investigated by allowing younger and older adults to take actual control of the input conditions of recorded narratives under one condition and requiring them to listen without interruption in another. Subjects were also administered the ADEPT‐PIC, a measure of control beliefs in intellectual contexts, as well as a working memory span task measuring the ability to hold and manipulate linguistic information simultaneously in memory. Older adults were less likely than younger adults to take actual control of the speech input, although age differences in perceived control were minimal, suggesting that actual and perceived control are relatively independent influences in the determination of age differences in cognitive performance. These constructs were, nevertheless, interrelated: perceived control was a stronger predictor of prose memory when no actual control was available. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of working ...
Stimulated Raman scattering in fibers in the ultraviolet.

Efficient stimulated Raman scattering at 342 nm was obtained in multimode fused-silica fibers pumped by a conventional N2 laser. The values of the intensity-dependent absorption coefficient and the Raman-gain coefficient were determined: α1, = 3.3×10-6 cm/MW and γ = 2.9 × 10-11 cm/W, respectively. Raman scattering by the OH impurities in the fiber was observed at 385 nm.
Timing of audiovisual inputs to the prefrontal cortex and multisensory integration

A number of studies have demonstrated that the relative timing of audiovisual stimuli is especially important for multisensory integration of speech signals although the neuronal mechanisms underlying this complex behavior are unknown. Temporal coincidence and congruency are thought to underlie the successful merging of two intermodal stimuli into a coherent perceptual representation. It has been previously shown that single neurons in the non-human primate prefrontal cortex integrate face and vocalization information. However, these multisensory responses and the degree to which they depend on temporal coincidence have yet to be determined. In this study we analyzed the response latency of ventrolateral prefrontal (VLPFC) neurons to face, vocalization and combined face-vocalization stimuli and an offset (asynchronous) version of the face-vocalization stimulus. Our results indicate that for most prefrontal multisensory neurons, the response latency for the vocalization was the shortest, followed by the combined face-vocalization stimuli. The face stimulus had the longest onset response latency. When tested with a dynamic face-vocalization stimulus that had been temporally offset (asynchronous) one-third of multisensory cells in VLPFC demonstrated a change in response compared to the response to the natural, synchronous face-vocalization movie. Our results indicate that prefrontal neurons are sensitive to the temporal properties of audiovisual stimuli. A disruption in the temporal synchrony of an audiovisual signal which results in a change in the firing of communication related prefrontal neurons could underlie the loss in intelligibility which occurs with asynchronous speech stimuli.
Reliability based design rules for column buckling

Abstract A load factor design criterion based on a first-order probability theory is derived for the buckling strength of structural steel columns. The load factors and strength factor are evaluated using available information and testresults. It is also shown how different column theories can be compared on the basis of design resistance obtained from each theory. The paper concludes by describing how probabilistic problems can be simplified by using a first order theory.
Alignment of velocity and field changes across tangential discontinuities in the solar wind

Three-dimensional IMP 8 and Voyager 2 plasma and field data are used to investigate the relative changes in direction of the velocity and magnetic field vectors across tangential discontinuities in the solar wind. It is found that Delta-v and Delta-B/rho exp 1/2 are closely aligned either parallel or antiparallel to each other in the sense associated with the propagation of Alfven waves or rotational discontinuities outward from the sun. This alignment is observed at all solar distances betwen 1 and 2.2 AU and is independent of the solar wind stream structure. Several possible causes of the effect are briefly discussed, including interplanetary turbulence, the propagation of large-amplitude Alfvenic fluctuations traveling independently through the solar wind on both sides of the discontinuities, and the propagation of surface waves on tangential discontinuities.
Ultrahigh vacuum studies of the surfaces of ice and sulfuric acid

The surface chemical properties of ice and sulfuric acid in ultrahigh vacuum have been studied using temperature programmed desorption and Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIRAS). Ice and sulfuric acid were deposited on Pt(111) and W(100) as films between 10 and 100 monolayers thick. FTIRAS measurements imply that amorphous ice has a greater density of `dangling,' surface OH groups than crystalline ice. The crystalline and amorphous surfaces are also chemically different: adsorbate capable of forming hydrogen bonds of the type X(DOT)(DOT)(DOT)H-O exhibit a desorption state that is unique to amorphous ice. The adsorption of OCIO on ice was investigated in order to estimate the coverage of adsorbed OCIO on stratospheric ice particles. The sticking coefficient at 100 K is nearly unity. At low coverages, desorption is first order, with an activation energy of 23 +/- 1 kJ(DOT)mol-1 and a frequency factor of 1.5 X 109+/- 1 s-1. The coverage of OCIO on stratospheric ice particles is probably so low that thermal- and photochemistry are unimportant in the atmosphere. For H2SO4, the dangling OH group cannot be spectroscopically observed, nor does HCl adsorb or absorb at 100 K.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Is panic a unique emotional experience

The establishment of Panic Disorder (PD) as a distinct diagnostic category stems largely from the conceptualization of panic as a phenomenon qualitatively different from severe levels of anxiety. The current study utilized patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as comparison groups to examine the validity of this conceptualization. Seventeen PD, 29 OCD, and 12 GAD patients completed self-report inventories from which a panic factor was derived. Controlling for level of overall anxiety, the total panic factor was rated significantly higher by the PD group. A cluster of symptoms emerged which differentiated the PD group from the other two groups. The panic items and total score were correlated with total levels of state and trait anxiety but correlations were generally low, accounting for a limited amount of the total variance. Results were interpreted as providing only equivocal support for viewing panic as a separate dimension apart from high levels of general anxiety. A discussion of conceptual issues is presented.
Spirituality Among Older Adults: An Exploration of the Developmental Context, Impact on Mental and Physical Health, and Integration into Counseling

Older adults may face many existentially related developmental challenges such as confronting their own death, forgiveness, coping with the loss of others, finding meaning and purpose in life, physical illness and limitations, decreases in social support networks, and adjustment to retirement. This article explores the unique developmental spiritual needs and changes among older adults. Several developmental contextual models related to these unique spiritual changes in older adulthood are discussed. The impact of spirituality and religion on the physical and mental health of older adults is also examined. Finally, several techniques to integrate spiritual and religious issues into counseling with older adult clients are delineated along with an illustrative case example.
Is Knowledge True Belief Plus Adequate Information

In When is True Belief Knowledge? (2012) Richard Foley proposes an original and strikingly simple theory of knowledge: a subject S knows some proposition p if and only if S truly believes that p and does not lack any important information. If this view is correct, Foley allegedly solves a wide variety of epistemological problems, such as the Gettier problem, the lottery paradox, the so-called ‘value problem’, and the problem of skepticism. However, a central component of his view is that whether a true belief counts as knowledge depends on the importance of the information that one has or lacks. My paper raises doubts about whether there is a non-circular way to distinguish important information from unimportant information. I argue that there is no way to distinguish important information from unimportant information without ultimately making reference to knowledge; thus, Foley’s new theory of knowledge does not achieve its goals.
Pudendal neuropathy is not related to physiologic pelvic outlet obstruction.

Chronic straining because of pelvic outlet obstruction is hypothesized to cause pudendal neuropathy (PN) by stretch injury. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine any association between PN and pelvic outlet obstruction. METHODS: One hundred forty-seven constipated patients were evaluated by cinedefecography and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment. PN was defined as a latency longer than 2.2 ms. Pelvic outlet obstructive patterns of evacuation included paradoxic contraction, nonrelaxation of the puborectalis muscle, or failure of opening of the anal canal. RESULTS: Median length of constipation including straining during evacuation was eight (range, 1–47) years. Ninety-one (62 percent) subjects had a normal pattern of evacuation, and 56 (38 percent) had an obstructed pattern. Both groups had a similar median age (68tvs.69 years, respectively;P>0.05) and same median length of symptoms. Overall incidence of PN was 23.8 percent (10.9 percent unilateral and 12.9 percent bilateral). There was no difference in the incidence of PN between patients with normal evacuation and patients with obstructed evacuation (24.2 percentvs.23.2 percent, respectively;P>0.05). Patients with PN had a similar incidence of physiologic pelvic outlet obstruction as did patients without PN. However, median age of patients with PN was higher than those without PN (73tvs.66 years, respectively;P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a difference in the incidence of PN between normal and obstructed patterns of evacuation. Therefore, the espoused theory that obstructed defecation causes PN appears flawed.
Polar maps: early eighteenth century vision of a northeast passage

The accompanying historic map of the Russian maritime Arctic (Figure 1) was published in Paris during the period 1715–1720. The cartographer is unknown. The original map is quite small (15.5 cm by ...
Carboxy-Endcapped Conductive Polypyrrole: Biomimetic Conducting Polymer for Cell Scaffolds and Electrodes

Numerous regenerating tissues respond favorably to electrical stimulation, creating a need for a bioactive conducting platform for tissue engineering applications. The drive for biosensors and electrode coatings further requires control of the surface properties of promising conductive materials such as polypyrrole. Here we present carboxy-endcapped polypyrrole (PPy-α-COOH), a unique bioactive conducting polymer with a carboxylic acid layer, composed of a polypyrrole (PPy) surface modified with pyrrole-α-carboxylic acid (Py-α-COOH). This unique structure is simple to produce, provides a stable bioactive surface via covalent bonds, and preserves bulk properties such as electrical conductivity and mechanical integrity. The chemical structure of this polymer composite was characterized by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which demonstrated the presence of carboxylic acid functionality on the top surface of conductive PPy. A four-point probe test was used to verify the similar conductivity of PPy-α-COOH compared to that of standard PPy. To demonstrate the potential to influence cellular activity, the carboxylic acid monolayer surface was grafted with the cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on RGD-modified PPy-α-COOH demonstrated significantly higher adhesion and spreading than on the negative controls PPy-α-COOH and unmodified PPy.
THE FORMATION OF JAPANESE AND U.S. EQUITY JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA

This study examines the characteristics of Japanese and U.S. equity joint ventures (EJVs) in China over a 15-year period. These EJVs were announced between 1979 and the end of 1993. Substantial differences are found with respect to six key characteristics. They are: selection of the Chinese partner, selection of the second foreign partner (when more than one foreign partner is involved), foreign equity ownership, foreign capital contribution, EJV business scope, and the EJV location. Tentative explanations for these differences are offered from the perspectives of risk orientation, cultural similarities, and the impact of political events in China. ? 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ueber den elektrischen Widerstand von Chinolin-Wasser-Systemen

1. Wenn Gelatine/Wasser-Systeme verschiedener Konzentrationen bei Temperaturerniedrigung gelatinieren, zeigen sie ein plotzliches Anwachsen des elektrischen Widerstandes. 2. Die Zugabe von Saure oder Alkali erhoht die Leitfahigkeit solcher Gelatine/WasserSysteme; aber der starke Anstieg beim Abkuhlen bleibt bestehen. 3. Verschiedene Sauren und Alkalien derselben Normalitat zeigen quantitative Unterschiede bei der von ihnen veranlasten Aenderung des elektrischen Widerstandes. 4. Das beobachtete Anwachsen des elektrischen Widerstandes mit fallender Temperatur wird als Beweis angesehen fur das Zunehmen der schlecht leitenden Phase Wasser-gelost-in-Gelatine auf Kosten der besser leitenden Gelatine gelost in Wasser.
On Compactness of Minimizing Sequences Subject to a Linear Differential Constraint

For Ω ⊂ RN open (and possibly unbounded), we consider integral functionals of the form F (u) := ∫ Ω f(x, u) dx, de ned on the subspace of Lp consisting of those vector elds u which satisfy Au = 0 on Ω in the sense of distributions. Here, A may be any linear di erential operator of rst order with constant coe cients satisfying Murat's condition of constant rank. The main results provide sharp conditions for the compactness of minimizing sequences with respect to the strong topology in Lp.
Patterns of HIV Care for Patients with Serious Mental Illness

Individuals with serious mental illness are at higher risk for HIV than are members of the general population. Although studies have shown that individuals with serious mental illness experience less adequate care and worse physical health outcomes than comparable patients without serious mental illness, little is known about HIV care among individuals with serious mental illness who become infected with HIV. In the present study, we describe patterns of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) use and physician monitoring received by 154 patients with serious mental illness infected with HIV. Participants were recruited from mental health agencies in Los Angeles, California. Data from 762 HIV-only patients from a separate Western U.S. probability sample were used for comparison. High proportions of serious mental illness patients with HIV in our sample appeared to be receiving adequate HIV care. Fifty-one percent of all serious mental illness patients with serious mental illness with HIV were takin...
Al-glass kW fibre laser end-pumped by MCCP-cooled diode stacks

High power industrial fibre lasers are typically pumped by single emitter diodes, with pump power aggregation and the fibre laser cavity being achieved in a monolithic “all-bibre” architecture comprising fused fiber bundles, fiber Bragg grating reflectors and numerous splices. [1]. The gain fiber utilizes a low index polymer coating to provide the wave-guiding for the multimode pump as well as for compatibility with the NA increase (typically 0.22–0.45) which occurs in the fused taper combiners. While this all fibre approach has been shown to be viable, it is not trivial to implement at power levels in excess of several hundred watts Issues include polymer coating degradation, transverse mode-coupling induced instability at splices or FBG's, grating walk-off, and modal instability, [2]. The latter issue arises because these fiber laser designs are focused on single-transverse-mode operation, [3.4], even though the fibres themselves are multimode to avoid nonlinear impairments. This is despite the face that most cutting and welding applications actually utilize a multimode fibre for delivery to the cutting head. The BBP of such systems is typically 2.5mm.mRad at a wavelength around 1080nm. However, single mode operation allows power scaling by incoherently combining several lower power fiber lasers into a single beam with that BPP.
Studying the Mechanical Properties of Blended Fibrous Structures Using a Simple Model

A simple theoretical model is proposed for studying the properties of blended fibrous structures. The model is verified using experimental results from blended yams. The effect on a blended system'...
Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities

Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities. Paul V. Kroskrity, ed. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2000. ix+411 pp., tables, illustrations, references, index.
Percutaneous absorption of flurbiprofen in the hairless rat measured in vivo using 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The objective of this investigation was to develop a new methodology using 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure the in vivo percutaneous absorption of flurbiprofen through hairless rat skin. A 2% W/V flurbiprofen gel (Klucel HF, hydroxypropyl cellulose 1.5% to 2% W/V) containing isopropyl alcohol, water, and propylene glycol (55:35:10 v/v/v) was prepared. A 2-mg dose (100 mg of gel) was applied to the skin of the lower back of an anesthetized hairless rat, contained with a rubber o-ring, and occluded with a lexan plastic cover slip. The animal was placed on an MR surface coil (3.5-cm diameter tuned to 19F) and measurements taken continuously over approximately 3 h in 10-min intervals with a 2-tesla GE CSI nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. One measures the disappearance of MR signal intensity per interval, which directly relates to the percent of drug disappearance over time, which in turn was converted to a flux value. The flux of flurbiprofen in vivo was found to be 95 +/- 22 micrograms/cm2/h. This is approximately four times greater than the flux of flurbiprofen through excised human skin reported by Akhter and Barry (22 +/- 14 micrograms/cm2/h). This new in vivo method measures drug disappearance and can be readily transferred to man. This method may be adapted to study other fluorine compounds or other nuclei with magnetic properties. It avoids exposure of a patient or animal to the radiation used in x-ray fluorescence methods or to 14C- or 3H-radiolabeled drugs.
Through the azerothian looking glass: mapping in-game preferences to real world demographics

Examining how in-game behavior preferences map onto real world demographics provides important empirically-derived insights into how to match game-based mechanisms to target demographic segments. Using behavioral and demographic data from 1,037 World of Warcraft players, we use multiple regressions to provide this mapping. Given current interest in "gamifying" applications, we believe these findings are relevant for both gaming and non-gaming research.
Causes and consequences of the reverse epidemiology of body mass index in dialysis patients

A high body mass index (BMI) has been consistently shown to have a strong predictive correlation to decreased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, ie, individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance dialysis. Indeed, according to some but not all, even morbid obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) confers survival advantages. Among the possible causes of reverse epidemiology of BMI are the following: (1) stable hemodynamic status in obesity, (2) higher concentrations of receptors of tumor necrosis factor-α and neurohormonal alterations in obesity, (3) time discrepancies among competitive risk factors, and (4) malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome. The reverse epidemiology of BMI may have significant clinical and public health implications because interventions that can increase body weight and BMI in dialysis patients may improve survival in these individuals. However, this hypothesis should be tested in well-designed randomized trials. Until then, it is not reasonable to advocate obesity in MHD patients. On the other hand, categorically discrediting the theory of reverse epidemiology and calling it spurious without examining the true effect of weight-gaining interventions on the survival of dialysis patients is not scientifically or ethically appropriate.
Social Work Practice With Homeless Persons: State of the Art

This article reviews the state of the art of social work practice with homeless persons. The purpose of this article is to make social work practitioners and researchers aware of the empirically supported knowledge about homeless people and how to help them. Different types of interventions for different types of homeless persons are reviewed and 10 areas for practice innovation and advocacy are identified. The authors argue for a practice research that guides interventions to eradicate homelessness.
Mutations in Soybean Microsomal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes Reduce Linolenic Acid Concentration in Soybean Seeds

to contribute to the linolenic acid level in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. The Fan gene encodes a microsomal omega-3 fatty acid seeds. The relative importance of GmFAD3B and desaturase(ArabidopsisFAD3homolog),andsoybeanscontainthree GmFAD3C to seed linolenic acid levels has not yet FAD3 genes. The objective of this work was to characterize candidate been described, although they have been shown to be soybeanFAD3 genesfrom lowlinolenicacid soybeanlines andassoci- expressed at low levels in developing seeds (Bilyeu et ate those alleles with the trait. Mutations in two of the three soybean al., 2003). Nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-targeted omegaFAD3 genes were identified, and genotypes with the mutant alleles three fatty acid desaturases may also contribute to seed conferred a reduction of over two thirds of the linolenic acid present linolenic acid levels (Yadav et al., 1993). Omega-3 fatty intheseed.Thetwomutantgenescontributedunequallybutadditively to the phenotype. The results demonstrated that the mutant genotype acid desaturases are members of an enzyme family charcan be identified with mutation-specific molecular markers in the F2 acterized by the presence of a diiron cofactor which generation, and the low linolenic acid trait will be stably inherited in interactswiththreeregionsofconservedhistidinemotifs subsequent generations.
Radiosyntheses of labeled β-pseudothymidine ([C-11]- and [H-3]methyl) and its biodistribution and metabolism in normal and tumored mice

In order to develop labeled probes for measuring DNA synthetic rates in vivo we investigated [H-3]- and [C-11]methyl labeled beta-pseudothymidine (2a), and report on their radiosyntheses from methyl iodide. We find methylation is rapid and regioselective on N-1 of the acylurea moiety of 2'-deoxy-beta-D-pseudouridine (1a), in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N,N-dimethylformamide at 60 degrees C. Although yields are low (11% [C-11]-decay corrected and 4.4% [H-3]), the method is simple and high specific activity tritiated methyl iodide can be used. In contrast to the rapid degradative de-glycosylation of thymidine in blood, beta-pseudothymidine is stable. However, based on biodistribution and metabolite studies, the anticipated uptake of [H-3]methyl-beta-pseudothymidine into mouse DNA of proliferating tissues (e.g. spleen, thymus and duodenum) and implanted tumors was not observed.
Improving postural stability via computational modeling approach to deep brain stimulation programming

Bilateral subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is generally effective in improving the cardinal motor signs of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, in many cases postural instability is refractory to STN DBS. The goal of this project was to determine if postural instability could be improved with STN DBS by avoiding current spread to the non-motor territories of the STN. Stimulation parameters that maximized activation of a theoretically defined target region were determined via patient-specific computer models created in Cicerone. Postural stability was assessed under three conditions: Off DBS, Clinical DBS, and Model DBS. Clinical settings were the patients' DBS settings determined via traditional clinical practice and were considered optimized and stable for at least 6 months prior to study enrollment. Blinded and randomized evaluations were performed in five patients. Postural sway was significantly less during Model DBS compared to Clinical DBS. These results support the hypothesis that minimizing spread of current to non-motor territories of the STN can improve PD related instability with DBS.
Emotional and behavioral symptomatology reported by help-seeking youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis

article i nfo Subthreshold psychosis-like experiencesare typicallythe focus of psychosis-risk screening as they are associated with a greater propensity for future illness. Potentially prodromal individuals identified as being at clinical high- risk (CHR), however, report a variety of distressing and impairing mental health symptoms in addition to sub- threshold psychosis symptoms, indicating that this population is of clinical interest regardless of whether or not they develop psychosis. In the current study, 90 young people (12-21) seeking mental health services com- pleted the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2), a broad-range checklist of emo- tional and behavioral concerns and adaptive skills, followed by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromestoassesspsychosisrisk.Those whometcriteriaforCHR(n=35) reportedelevatedscoresacrosssev- eral BASC-2 scales including depression, attention problems, locus of control, and sense of inadequacy compared to help-seeking youth without CHR (n = 55). Most of these scales were also elevated compared to general pop- ulation norms. Further, the CHR group had significantly lower scoreson two adaptivescales, self-reliance and re- lations with parents, indicating more impairment in these domains. Results indicate that young people at CHR experience more pervasive and/or more severe symptomatology across several domains of clinical significance compared to a similar group of help-seeking youth not at CHR. Results from this study aid in the understanding of symptom correlates of CHR status beyond attenuated symptomsthat can provide clinical information relevant for treatment.
Lipoid Cell Pneumonia: Report of a Case

Lipoid cell pneumonia is an unusual lesion which may be confused with carcinoma of the lung. A patient with this condition caused by repeated instillation of oily medication for bilateral otitis media with perforation of ear drums is reported.
Temperature-dependent wavelength shifts of dye lasing in microdroplets with a thermochromic additive.

The lasing spectra from a Rhodamine B–doped microdroplet (85% isopropanol and 15% water) with a thermochromic additive (CoCl2.6H2O) have been observed to shift progressively toward blue as the droplet temperature is gradually increased. The absorption of the thermochromic additive increases as the temperature of the solution is increased. The mechanism of temperature-dependent absorption is reviewed. We propose that the temperature-dependent shifting of the lasing spectra might be used for the determination of the droplet temperature.
Photo Quiz: A 36-Year-Old with Recurrent Conjunctivitis

A 36-year-old man presented to our outpatient clinic with a sudden onset of opaque yellow-green discharge and redness in both eyes, with the left eye more involved than the right. On examination, the patient also had a small amount of similar discharge from his left medial tear duct. His visual
Speech‐pathology‐based language intervention within an early childhood education environment

Children's Place, Ltd., is an educational daycare center serving a middle to upper class population children ranging in age from 1‐6 years. The school implements a speech‐pathology‐based language intervention program combining individual speech and language therapy by a speech and language pathologist with speech and language intervention by the teachers the classroom. Formal and informal consultations among the administrators, speech‐language pathologist, and teachers, together with systematic feedback to the children's parents, result in a comprehensive speech and language program that benefits both the typical and special needs population enrolled at the school.
Combined photocatalytic and fungal treatment for the destruction of2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Abstract The combined TiO 2 -assisted photocatalytic reduction of TNT in series with fungal mineralization by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. Previously unreported byproducts from the photocatalytic reduction of TNT (at pH 3.1 to 6.6 under a nitrogen atmosphere) were observed: 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene, and 2-hydroxylamino-4-amino-6-nitrotoluene. The extent of TNT mineralization was approximately 14% by biological transformation alone and improved to approximately 32% using the combined photocatalytic and fungal treatment. No significant mineralization was seen during photocatalytic reduction of TNT. Six hours of photocatalytic pretreatment resulted in the greatest extent of biological mineralization in the combined process. In addition, solubility and polarity of transformation products was increased in the combined treatment over that of fungal or photocatalytic transformation alone. HPLC, mass spectrometry and 14 C-radiotracer analyses of the TNT transformations were conducted to show both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the photocatalytic reduction and biological oxidation sequences. This experimentation demonstrated that a combined photochemical and biological sequence of treatment may be a viable method of treating aqueous TNT wastes.
High-Performance, Solution-Processed Organic Thin Film Transistors from a Novel Pentacene Precursor

The Lewis acid-catalyzed Diels−Alder reaction of the organic semiconductor pentacene with N-sulfinylacetamide yields a soluble adduct. Spin-coated thin films of this adduct undergo solid-phase conversion to form thin films of pentacene at moderate temperatures. Organic thin film transistors fabricated by spin-coating this adduct, followed by thermal conversion to pentacene, exhibit the highest mobility reported to date for a solution-processed organic semiconductor.
Morphological and Cytochemical Characterization of Neuroepithelial Bodies in Fetal Rabbit Lung I. Studies of Isolated Neuroepithelial Bodies

Neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in 29-day fetal rabbit lung were examined by light microscopy and cytochemistry to demonstrate their structural and biochemical properties in situ. Longitudinal sections of NEB at airway bifurcations demonstrated their chemoreceptor-like appearance. Furthermore, the cytochemical presence of serotonin, acetylcholinesterase, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, and silver-staining properties demonstrated the neural-like biochemical properties of NEB cells. Forty-one NEB and eight single neuroendocrine cells from whole fetal lungs were examined ultrastructurally. Juxtaluminal junctional complexes composed of tight and intermediate junctions, desmosomes, and cytoplasmic filaments were demonstrated in the corpuscular-shaped NEB. Basal bodies were apparent in NEB cell cytoplasm; cilia extended from NEB cells. Dense-core vesicles (DCV) were of at least three types: type 1, type 2, and enterochromaffin type. The majority of epithelial cells adjacent to NEB in near-term airway epithelium...
Isolation and Characterization of a Kanamycin Resistance Plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract A circular covalently closed duplex deoxyribonucleic acid plasmid carrying genes for resistance to kanamycin/neomycin has been identified in Staphylococcus aureus E419. The plasmid has a molecular size of 9.2 × 106 daltons and can be transduced into or can transform competent susceptible strains of S. aureus to kanamycin/neomycin resistance.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of Ace: a Collagen-binding MSCRAMM from Enterococcus faecalis

Abstract Ace is a collagen-binding bacterial cell surface adhesin from Enterococcus faecalis. The collagen-binding domain of Ace (termed Ace40) and its truncated form Ace19 have been crystallized by the vapor-diffusion hanging-drop method. Ace19 was crystallized in two different crystal forms. A complete 1.65 A data set has been collected on the orthorhombic crystal form with unit cell parameters a=38.43 b=48.91 and c=83.73 A. Ace40 was crystallized in the trigonal space group P3121 or P3221 with unit cell parameters a=b=80.24, c=105.91 A; α=β=90 and γ=120°. A full set of X-ray diffraction data was collected to 2.5 A. Three heavy atom derivative data sets have been successfully obtained for Ace19 crystals and structural analysis is in progress.
Scanning electrochemical microscopic monitoring of biological processes

Recent developments in microscopic techniques have stimuled considerable activity in the microcharacterization of surfaces. We describe here an electrochemical method for in-situ characterization of biological surfaces. The method is based on a microelectrode probe being placed within micrometers of the biologically active surface, and used to detect electroactive species generated (or consumed) in the biological process
Non-Linear Reconstruction of Delta-Sigma Modulated Signals: Randomized Surrogate Constraint Decoding Algorithm

Delta-sigma (ΔΣ) A/D conversion is a popular technique used to achieve high resolution data conversion for low to moderate bandwidth applications. It is commonly accepted that the digital circuitry of the ΔΣ A/D converters should perform a linear time-invariant (LTI) filtering on the output of the ΔΣ modulator in order to reconstruct the input signal. However, it has been shown that, when higher order ΔΣ A/D converters are operated at higher oversampling ratios (OSRs), non-linear reconstruction algorithms extract more information about the input signal than LTI methods. Still, use of non-linear algorithms has been limited due to their complexity and stability issues. Two practical non-linear methods presented in the literature are fast projection onto convex sets (POCS) and direct projection (DP). In this work, we show that the non-linear reconstruction process for ΔΣ modulated sequences can be treated as a linear feasibility problem (LFP). We then show that if the reconstruction process is defined as an LFP, its implementation is less complex than in the case of the DP method. We further describe how the LFP can be well-conditioned and demonstrate the reconstruction process by using the surrogate constraint algorithm with random constraint selection. The described algorithm considers a small number of constraints at a time, which makes it suitable for serial implementation.
NO ETHICAL BYPASS OF MORAL STATUS IN STEM CELL RESEARCH

Recent advances in reprogramming technology do not bypass the ethical challenge of embryo sacrifice. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) research has been and almost certainly will continue to be conducted within the context of embryo sacrifice. If human embryos have moral status as human beings, then participation in iPS research renders one morally complicit in their destruction; if human embryos have moral status as mere precursors of human beings, then advocacy of iPS research policy that is inhibited by embryo sacrifice concerns renders one morally complicit in avoidable harms to persons. Steps may be taken to address these complicity concerns, but in the final analysis there is no alternative to achieving clarity with respect to the moral status of the human embryo.
Twist and shout (and pull): Molecular chiropractors undo DNA

This is the latest in a remarkable series of physical manipulation experiments on DNA (6) carried out over the last five years in several laboratories, starting with force vs. extension measurements for single DNAs by Smith, Finzi, and Bustamante (7). That pioneering experiment showed that the random thermal flopping about of a 100-kb double helix led to an “entropic elasticity” consistent over a thousand-fold range of force with that of the “worm-like chain” model familiar to polymer scientists (8–10). Smith et al. found that it took about 0.1 pN to pull the ends of a DNA apart a distance of half its contour length. This 0.1 pN force scale comes from the energy associated with a thermally excited degree of freedom (at room temperature, 0.6 kcal/mol = 4⋅10−21 J, a.k.a. kBT) divided by the DNA persistence length (50 nm), the contour length that a single appreciable bend occurs over. The sort of shape fluctuations that contribute to this entropic elasticity are shown in Fig. 1, a conformation of a 3-kb DNA obtained …
Micro-Power Amplifiers for Wireless PAN Applications

Novel amplifier design techniques are presented for reducing dc power consumption in wireless PAN transceivers. A CMOS VGA cell is implemented by combining two independent gain control circuits to obtain 40dB and 50dB (dB-linear) gain ranges at 250µW and 1.75mW, respectively. A 260µW, 1GHz CMOS LNA is designed by using an unrestrained subthreshold bias technique to improve linearity. It has a measured gain of 13.6dB, a noise figure of 4.6dB and an IIP3 of 7.2dBm. An inductor-less RF VGA cell, based on a TA-TI pair, with 20dB gain range is also presented as an example of system level power optimization.