cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hardening orthotropic plasticity model for non‐frictional composites: Rate formulation and integration algorithm

The rate formulation and an unconditionally stable integration algorithm for a single-surface hardening anisotropic elastoplasticity model are developed to obtain an effective medium constitutive model for a class of periodic elastoplastic composites. Because the plasticity model features an intrinsically anisotropic failure criterion and hardening law, it requires more material parameters (15) than does its isotropic analogue (2). To address this issue and to assess how well the new model serves as an effective medium constitutive model for a class of composites, results from numerical elastoplastic homogenization computations are utilized for free-parameter estimation. It is shown that the new model provides a good fit to the homogenization data, and the model's excellent performance in a two-dimensional finite element setting is demonstrated by performing computations involving in-plane loading of an elastoplastic masonry wall. The wall is modelled first as a heterogeneous medium with all of its microstructure, and subsequently as a homogeneous effective medium with the new plasticity model.
Simulation of the selection of an item for a grocery ‘ad.’

Draws on a study conducted in a grocery chain with over 50 stores, located in the western USA. Simulates selection of a grocery item, for a chain store advertisement, using a logical flow chart model of the decision and then conditions favouring successful simulations are discussed. States research is based on two sets of data, published ads and transcripts of interviews with chain executives. Gives examples of grocery ads and discusses them further. Summarises that the attempt to simulate selection of a single grocery item for a weekly chain ad produced a simple model and its simplicity probably stems from several causes.
Anxiety/stress among mothers living with HIV: effects on parenting skills and child outcomes.

Abstract Parental HIV infection has been associated with negative outcomes for children, and parenting skills appear to be one mechanism operating in that association. The present study focuses on the relations between maternal stress, parenting, and child functioning among families where the mother is living with HIV. Sixty-nine mothers with at least one child between six and 12 years old completed questionnaires at the baseline assessment of an intervention designed to facilitate maternal disclosure of HIV status. Respondents were assessed using multiple measures of stress/anxiety, parenting skills, and child outcomes, including the Parenting Stress Index, the RAND Mental Health Inventory, the Family Routines Questionnaire, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Covariance structural modeling was used to assess the variable relationships, with latent constructs created for maternal anxiety/stress, parenting skills, and child problem behaviors (both direct and indirect effects were evaluated, with a model-bas...
THE PROPAGATION AND THE WAVE FORM OF THE VAPOR VOLUMETRIC CONCENTRATION IN BOILING, FORCED CONVECTION SYSTEM UNDER OSCILLATORY CONDITIONS

Abstract Various aspects and characteristics of the void propagation equation are discussed. This equation predicts the transient response of the volumetric concentration to perturbations of (1) power input, (2) inlet flow, (3) system pressure, (4) thermodynamic nonequilibrium, (5) compressibilities of the vapor and of the liquid and (6) body forces acting on the two-phase mixture. This transient response is predicted both as function of space and function of time. Solutions of the void propagation equation are derived for the following operating conditions: (1) constant power and inlet flow, (2) oscillatory power input, (3) oscillatory inlet flow and (4) oscillatory power and oscillatory flow. It is shown that perturbations of the mixture density are propagated through the two-phase mixture by the velocity of kinematic waves . Expressions which predict the rate of propagation of these waves and which are appropriate to the operating conditions listed above are presented. The finite rate of propagation of kinematic waves introduces a “delay time” which characterizes the response of the volumetric concentration to various perturbations. The “delay times”, appropriate to the operating conditions enumerated above, are also presented. The predicted results are compared to available experimental data, satisfactory agreement is shown.
von Karman Lecture: Adventures on the Interface of Dynamics and Control

Controllers for dynamical systems are best designed, on the average, by analysts whose expertise encompasses both modeling of the class of systems under discussion and the methodology for designing controllers. Good decisions on issues such as selection of coordinates, modelling approximations, selection/design and location of sensors and actuators, and definition of meaningful performance measures, require expertise beyond algebraic/computational methods for control design. This common sense viewpoint underlies a significant trend toward a unified development of analysis methodology for mechanics and control, especially as regards spacecraft dynamics, stability, estimation, and control. This paper overviews recent developments and discusses several 'adventures' which illustrate mechanics-based insights useful in modern applications. The discussion spans orbital dynamics, attitude dynamics and control, and nonlinear multibody dynamics and control, and considers both conceptual developments and results from several successful missions. (Author)
Dissociation of H 2 + in intense femtosecond laser fields studied by coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging

The dissociation of $\mathrm{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ in an intense laser field has been experimentally studied using femtosecond laser pulses at $790\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ in the intensity range of ${10}^{13}--{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Kinematically complete measurements of both the ionic ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and neutral H fragments dissociated from a vibrationally excited $\mathrm{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ beam have been achieved by a coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging system. Angular-resolved kinetic energy release spectra for a series of different intensity ranges have been obtained using the intensity-difference spectrum method, thus disentangling the problem caused by the intensity volume effect. Our results indicate that the dissociation dynamics are drastically different for ``long'' $(135\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$ and ``short'' $(45\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$ laser pulses at similar high laser intensities. Specifically, bond softening is found to be the main feature in long pulses, while above threshold dissociation is dominant in short pulses whose durations are comparable with the vibrational period of the molecule. Bond softening in short pulses appears at low kinetic energy release with a narrow angular distribution. The experimental results are well interpreted by solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in the Born-Oppenheimer representation without nuclear rotation.
pH effects on salicylate absorption from hydrophilic ointment.

Hydrophilic ointment formulations containing salicylic acid were prepared at different pH levels by inclusion of phosphate buffers. Percutaneous salicylic acid absorption was studied by measuring salicylate blood levels in rabbits at 1.5-hr. intervals from 1.5 to 7.5 hr. after ointment application. The effect of 15% dimethyl sulfoxide in the various formulations was also determined. Formulations without dimethyl sulfoxide produced maximal blood concentrations at the highest pH level (10.78) and higher concentrations at the lowest pH (2.97) than at the intermediate ones (4.48, 6.80, 9.23). Proportionally higher concentration of undissociated species appeared to account for the increased absorption observed at the most acidic pH, while increased dissolution was probably responsible for the greater blood levels recorded at the most alkaline pH. Dimethyl sulfoxide produced a more rapid rate of salicylate absorption as well as greater peak blood levels at each pH. However, its influence on rate of absorption and on peak blood levels was less pronounced at the highest pH levels. This finding seems to indicate that the positive effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on percutaneous salicylate absorption is due in part to its ability to enhance the dissolution of salicylic acid.
Technical forum

Among the great irritations of modern life are unwanted e-mail (often referred to as “spam” 1 ) and unwanted telephone calls. In this article I present an approach to controlling these intrusions.
Downhill Domination in Graphs

A path π = (v1, v2, . . . , vk+1) in a graph G = (V,E) is a downhill path if for every i, 1 ≤ i ≤ k, deg(vi) ≥ deg(vi+1), where deg(vi) denotes the degree of vertex vi ∈ V. The downhill domination number equals the minimum cardinality of a set S ⊆ V having the property that every vertex v ∈ V lies on a downhill path originating from some vertex in S. We investigate downhill domination numbers of graphs and give upper bounds. In particular, we show that the downhill domination number of a graph is at most half its order, and that the downhill domination number of a tree is at most one third its order. We characterize the graphs obtaining each of these bounds. Professor Emeritus. Work completed while attending East Tennessee State University.
Viscoelastic-adhesive contact modeling: Application to the characterization of the viscoelastic behavior of materials

Abstract In contacts involving viscoelastic materials, both the time-dependent modulus of the material and the adhesive interaction between contact surfaces play important roles. This work aims to derive viscoelastic-adhesive contact models for realistic contact analyses and develop a model-based-empirical method to determine localized properties (such as the time dependent creep compliance function) of a viscoelastic material considering surface adhesion and utilizing data from contact creep tests. The reported work is based on the viscoelastic fracture mechanics theory by Schapery ( Schapery, 1989 ) and elastic contact mechanics models ( Maugis, 1992 , Johnson et al., 1971 , Derjaguin et al., 1975 ). The Particle Swarm Optimization method ( Kennedy and Eberhart, 1995 ) is utilized to find solutions to the nonlinear equations of this model. Contact creep tests of PDMS samples were designed and performed to validate the model. A multiple-decade power-law creep compliance function was obtained for a group of PDMS samples. The results show that the obtained creep compliance is a function of crosslink density of PDMS, independent of indenter tip size and the applied load.
Within-stand variation in understorey vegetation affects fire behaviour in longleaf pine xeric sandhills

The frequent fires typical of the longleaf pine ecosystem in the south-eastern USA are carried by live understoreyvegetationandpinelitter.Maturelongleafpinestandsinthexericsandhillsregionhaveavariableunderstorey vegetation layer, creating several fuel complexes at the within-stand scale (20m 2 ). We identified three fuel complexes found in frequently burned stands on the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge, and used prescribed fire to test whether distinct sets of fire conditions were associated with each fuel complex. Study plots were dominated by either turkeyoakorwiregrassintheunderstorey,orlackedunderstoreyvegetationandcontainedonlylongleafpinelitter.Turkey oak-dominated plots had the highest fuel loads, and during burns they had higher total net heat flux than wiregrass- or longleaf pine litter-dominated plots, and longer burn durations than wiregrass-dominated plots. Across all plots, the quantity of litter fragments had the greatest effect on fire temperature and duration of burn. These results show that the patchy understorey vegetation within longleaf pine stands will create heterogeneous fires, and areas dominated by turkey oak may have increased fire intensity and soil heating compared with the other two fuel complexes. Additional keywords: fire temperature, fuel complex, fuel heterogeneity, turkey oak, wiregrass.
The Tragedy of Schizophrenia without Psychotherapy

No one who read Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's "Transference Problems in Schizophrenia" could reasonably think about persons with schizophrenia in the same way as before. Her writings made clear that schizophrenia is a human experience with meaning, meaning that is hard to uncover, but it only takes patience, kindness, a tolerance for not understanding as well as for the patient's desperate defenses, and a willingness to understand the human condition at its most painful and to take psychoanalytic ideas seriously when patients talk about them. Understanding persons with schizophrenia means facing facts about ourselves, our families, and our society that we do not want to know, or to know again (in the case of repressed feelings and experiences). Families and professionals are settling for treatments that aim at making the patient a lifelong cripple who is not too disturbing. Psychoeducational programs, which potentially could be helpful, usually give false information which makes worse the burdens of both patients and their families. The ultimate genetic experiment, the Nazi sterilization and annihilation of patients, led to no decrease in schizophrenia in the next generation. Long-term follow-up studies show one third of schizophrenics fully recover within 25 years and another third have social recoveries with or without treatment--and psychological treatments before the neuroleptic era, from "moral treatment" to psychoanalytic therapies, produced superior results, but we are not using them. The central role of terror in producing symptoms and the genesis and psychotherapeutic handling of symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations, will be described.
Mendelssohn the progressive

(1989). Mendelssohn the progressive. Journal of Musicological Research: Vol. 8, No. 3-4, pp. 333-374.
Studies on coumarin anticoagulant drugs. Initiation of warfarin therapy without a loading dose.

Thirty normal subjects were given a single loading dose of warfarin sodium, 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. The drug was metabolized slowly (mean biological half-life, 47 hr) and showed a prolonged biological effect (over 6 days). In two separate experiments no loading dose was given; instead, daily doses of 15 mg and 10 mg were administered to 15 of the subjects. The prothrombin complex responses were compared with those obtained in the same subjects after the large loading dose. The mean time in days to reach the therapeutic range (prothrombin complex activity<35% of normal) was 1.1 days with the dose of 1.5 mg/kg of body weight, 2.7 days with the dose of 15 mg/day, and 5.2 days with 10 mg/day. With all three methods the therapeutic range was reached soon after a level of warfarin of 2 mg/L plasma was attained. The rates of fall of the four vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X) with the large loading dose and with the daily dosage of 15 mg were compared in six of the subjects. With the loa...
A study of tungsten migration in the Alcator C-Mod divertor

Abstract A toroidally-continuous row of bulk tungsten (W) tiles was installed near the typical location of the outer strike-point in the Alcator C-Mod divertor and was removed for analysis after two campaigns (3151 plasma discharges). External beam (in-air) particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis has been used to observe campaign-integrated W migration patterns in the otherwise Mo divertor using the W as a tracer for divertor erosion and transport. With a set of high spatial resolution PIXE measurements (∼3 mm resolution), poloidal profiles of W migration have been constructed. Redeposition of up to 1.5 × 10 21 atoms/m 2 (∼20 nm equivalent thickness) is observed on the outer and inner divertor, and in the private-flux region. The campaign-integrated deposition on the analyzed tiles corresponds to net W erosion of ∼60 nm (>0.014 nm/s). The migration profiles indicate sputtering and prompt redeposition in the outer divertor, neutral and ion transport through the private–flux region, and transport in the scrape off layer.
Preliminary assessment of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids for extraction of organic contaminants from soils.

Alternative solvents known as room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were considered for extraction of organic soil contaminants. A hydrophobic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6), and a hydrophilic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl), were selected as representative imidazolium-based RTILs to assess the extraction of several organic contaminants (OCs) from two model soils. The two soils were montmorillonite (clay minerals, high surface area, and no organic matter) and glacial till (organic matter). The soils were spiked separately with DDT, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorophenol. With the exception of DDT, extractions of OCs from montmorillonite using [bmim]PF6 (79−92%) were nearly as effective as extractions with acetone and ethanol (85−100%). The extraction of OCs from glacial till with RTILs (15−61%) was less effective than extraction with organic solvents (59−100%). The [bmim]Cl was as efficient as [bmim]PF6 for extraction of OCs from glac...
An expanded perinatal bereavement support committee: A community-wide resource

While perinatal health care professionals have discussed individual methods to support bereaved parents after a perinatal death (miscarriages, stillbirths, or neonatal deaths), there needs to be a comprehensive approach to perinatal bereavement support that extends not only to bereaved family members, but to the perinatal staff and the medical and nonmedical community. To facilitate such support, a perinatal hospital bereavement support committee was established. Its functions are described, including the development of hospital bereavement protocols, educational programs for all medical and nonmedical staff, and the establishment of local support groups.
The SPO1 gene product required for meiosis in yeast has a high similarity to phospholipase B enzymes.

Abstract The SPO1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned and sequenced. The Spol protein reveals significant similarity with fungal phospholipase B (PLB) enzymes. Features of the SPO1 gene sequence are presented.
Induction of CYP2M1 and CYP2K1 lauric acid hydroxylase activities by peroxisome proliferating agents in certain fish species: Possible implications

Abstract In many higher vertebrates, species and gender-specific sensitivity to peroxisome proliferating agents (PPAs) and their toxic effects has been described. Sensitivity may correlate with the induction of lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) activity. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) LAH has been identified with at least two cytochromes P450, CYP2M1 and CYP2K1. Previously, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) had been shown to produce CYP2M1 and CYP2K1 immunoreactive protein induction upon treatment with PPAs. The current research extends that observation by demonstration of the associated lauric acid hydroxylase activities after exposure to PPAs. Male bluegill and catfish were treated using a single i.p. injection with olive oil vehicle or ciprofibrate (a model PPA; 100 mg kg−1) or clofibrate (less potent PPA) 48 h prior to microsome preparation. Olive oil-treated female catfish liver and kidney microsomes metabolize lauric acid to a greater extent than male microsomes (83 vs 40% and 77 vs 5%, respectively). Male bluegill liver and male catfish kidney exhibit significant induction of specific LAH after PPA treatment. These observations, taken together with previous work in mammals, may portend possible adverse consequences to sensitive fish species exposed to environmental chemical contamination by PPAs.
Photochemistry of small molecules: Three cases resurveyed

Photolyse du mercure en presence d'hydrogene, du monoxyde d'azote et du peroxyde d'hydrogene
Simple method for modeling thermoelectric cooler (TEC) performance of single-emitter semiconductor-laser packages with concentrated heat sources

High-power single-emitter semiconductor lasers may dissipate up to several Watts heat load during operation. The heat may be generated from a narrow stripe, as low as a few microns in width by several millimeters in length. Thermoelectric Coolers (TEC) are widely deployed to control the laser junction temperature in single-emitter semiconductor-laser packages. TEC manufacturers supply performance curves under the assumption of uniform heat load applied to the cold plate. In reality, the heat will spread laterally across the cold plate creating a temperature gradient across the couples. Consequently, the actual performance of the TEC may be significantly degraded as compared to that predicted from the manufacturer's guidelines. A quantitative analysis that includes these deviations is necessary to properly size the TEC and optimize the package design. This paper provides a simple method for modeling the TEC performance parameters on concentrated heat loads using commercially-available FEA software. Experimental data of TEC cooled single-emitter laser packages will also be presented that corroborate the results of our model.
Mice lacking synapsin III show abnormalities in explicit memory and conditioned fear

Synapsin III is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein that plays an important role in synaptic transmission and neural development. While synapsin III is abundant in embryonic brain, expression of the protein in adults is reduced and limited primarily to the hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex. Given the specificity of synapsin III to these brain areas and because it plays a role in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, we investigated whether it may affect learning and memory processes in mice. To address this point, synapsin III knockout mice were examined in a general behavioral screen, several tests to assess learning and memory function, and conditioned fear. Mutant animals displayed no anomalies in sensory and motor function or in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Although mutants showed minor alterations in the Morris water maze, they were deficient in object recognition 24 h and 10 days after training and in social transmission of food preference at 20 min and 24 h. In addition, mutants displayed abnormal responses in contextual and cued fear conditioning when tested 1 or 24 h after conditioning. The synapsin III knockout mice also showed aberrant responses in fear-potentiated startle. As synapsin III protein is decreased in schizophrenic brain and because the mutant mice do not harbor obvious anatomical deficits or neurological disorders, these mutants may represent a unique neurodevelopmental model for dissecting the molecular pathways that are related to certain aspects of schizophrenia and related disorders.
RU486-induced growth inhibition of human endometrial cells.

Abstract Objective: To determine the direct action of RU486 on endometrial cell proliferation and to differentiate whether the antioxidant or the antiprogesterone property of RU486 is predominately responsible for its effect on cell growth. Design: In vitro study comparing the effects of RU486 (antiprogesterone and antioxidant), reduced RU486 (antioxidant), ZK112,993 (antiprogesterone), and lazaroid U74,500A (antioxidant) on endometrial cell growth. The human endometrial cell line EM42 was used in transient transfection assays to confirm the relative antiprogesterone potency of the various compounds. Setting: Academic medical center Patient(s): Women presenting with pelvic pain or infertility and diagnosed with endometriosis at time of surgery or women desiring tubal ligation with a normal pelvis (controls). Intervention(s): Endometrial cell cultures were treated with RU486, reduced RU486, lazaroid U74,500A, and ZK112,993. Main Outcome Measure(s): Tritiated thymidine incorporation was used to assess cell growth. Inhibition of progesterone induction of transiently transfected reporter plasmids was used to measure antiprogesterone activity of compounds studied. Result(s): RU486 reduced cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion of the endometrial cell lines EM42 and RL95-2 and of endometrial and endometriosis cells from primary culture. After being reduced, RU486 lost most of its antiprogesterone activity but retained its antiproliferative properties. ZK112,993 was similar in potency to RU486 as a progesterone antagonist but did not significantly modify endometrial cell growth. Lazaroid U74,500A was devoid of antiprogesterone activity but was shown to be a potent antiproliferative agent. Conclusion(s): RU486 has a direct inhibitory effect on human endometrial cell growth. This activity appears to be at least partly mediated through its antioxidant property.
Glenoid bare area: arthroscopic characterization and its implications on measurement of bone loss.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize arthroscopically the frequency and location of the glenoid bare area. Methods Three fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports surgeons evaluated and characterized the bare area of the glenoid in 52 consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder without a diagnosis of instability. Among the patients with a visible bare area, the position was measured, and when eccentrically located, an apparent bone loss or gain was calculated. Results The bare area of the glenoid was observed in only 48% of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery, and when observed, it was at the center only 37% of the time. Of the glenoids with visible bare areas, 8% were located anteriorly enough to result in an apparent bone loss calculation of greater than 20%. An additional 25% of visible bare areas were posteriorly located, resulting in an apparent bone gain. Conclusions The glenoid bare area is a variably visible and eccentric landmark on the glenoid and thus should not be used as the sole reference point to measure glenoid bone loss. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective observational study.
Liquid hydrogen production via hydrogen sulfide methane reformation

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) methane (CH 4 ) reformation (H 2 SMR) (2H 2 S + CH 4 = CS 2 + 4H 2 ) is a potentially viable process for the removal of H 2 S from sour natural gas resources or other methane containing gases. Unlike steam methane reformation that generates carbon dioxide as a by-product, H 2 SMR produces carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), a liquid under ambient temperature and pressure—a commodity chemical that is also a feedstock for the synthesis of sulfuric acid. Pinch point analyses for H 2 SMR were conducted to determine the reaction conditions necessary for no carbon lay down to occur. Calculations showed that to prevent solid carbon formation, low inlet CH 4 to H 2 S ratios are needed. In this paper, we analyze H 2 SMR with either a cryogenic process or a membrane separation operation for production of either liquid or gaseous hydrogen. Of the three H 2 SMR hydrogen production flowsheets analyzed, direct liquid hydrogen generation has higher first and second law efficiencies of exceeding 80% and 50%, respectively.
Anderson localization and non-linear sigma model with graded symmetry

A model of disordered single-particle systems is studied with regard to properties of the localized phase. Defined over a graded coset space, this model represents the correct non-perturbative extension of a non-linear sigma model introduced into localization theory by Schafer and Wegner. An integral theorem is proven which allows us to change variables and execute the Grassmann integrations rather easily. In the localized phase, the invariant two-point functions are singular on the real axis. It is shown how to extract the singular contribution before evaluation of the functional integral. This is used to derive Efetov's solution of the Cayley tree model in a simple and transparent manner. Finally, a Monte Carlo algorithm is outlined which makes it possible to study Anderson localization in d > 2 dimensions.
Efficacy or effectiveness: which comes first, the cure or the treatment?

The old adage asks, “which came first, the chicken or the egg?” In our discussions concerning the effectiveness or efficacy of hypnosis and psychotherapy, we often find ourselves wondering which should come first, effectiveness or efficacy. Should we seek to prove the cure (also known as efficacy), or should we treat the condition (also known as effectiveness)? In today’s climate it is particularly important to be careful about what it is that we exactly say concerning our treatments’ effectiveness or efficacy. A few years back I was attending a workshop presented by the psychologist, Donald Meichenbaum. My comfort in challenging Dr. Meichenbaum during his presentation came, not so much from my supreme confidence and command of the material as it did from my friendship with him. I knew that if I were wrong, he would publicly humiliate me only with the utmost of kindness and affection. Those who know of his work (Meichenbaum, 1995, 2001), know that Dr. Meichenbaum is powerfully, and sometimes painfully, dedicated to evidence-based treatments—those for which the empirical literature has provided sufficient support. Dr. Meichenbaum invited me to role-play with him a case I had prepared for his program. Then he launched into his sermon on what the literature says and doesn’t say about the kind of work that I had just presented. Then it was my turn. I questioned Dr. Meichenbaum as to what we, as clinicians who treat people with real collections of problems, are to do when our techniques have not been determined to be efficacious? Specifically, I asked how we should deal with individuals who had not first successfully passed through all the exclusion criteria required for study so that they can then be treated with a manualized technique. Perhaps, I suggested, we ought to professionally inform the patient that: “While I think I have a American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 46:1, July 2003 Copyright 2003 by the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis
Subbarrier fusion of atomic nuclei

Abstract In this Report work on subbarrier fusion of atomic nuclei carried out during the past few years is reviewed. We begin by outlining the techniques developed to measure the rare events of physical interest emphasizing the nuclear and atomic processes taking place during formation of the evaporation residues. The principal, hitherto unexpected, features of the data for subbarrier fusion of massive nuclei are then presented. We slow that these fusion data may be characterized by cross sections whose magnitude both far exceed static quantal tunnelling expectations and depend upon detailed structural properties of the collision partners. Included are discussions of data for 1p-shell systems and of the heaviest residues yet synthesized. We present a simple and elegant description of the underlying dynamic processes in terms of couplings of intrinsic degrees of freedom of the collision partners to the tunnelling degree of freedom. Various types of couplings are discussed. We see that an essential feature of channel coupling is the production of an eigen spectrum of potential barriers. We then end this Report with a summary of several recent studies of partial wave distributions and of quasielastic scattering at near and subbarrier energies.
Harvesting discrete nonlinear age and stage structured populations

A natural extension of age structured Leslie matrix models is to replace age classes with stage classes and to assume that, in each time period, the transition from one stage class to the next is incomplete; that is, diagonal terms appear in the transition matrix. This approach is particularly useful in resource systems where size is more easily measured than age. In this linear setting, the properties of the models are known; and these models have been applied to the analysis of population problems. A more applicable setting is to assume that the reproduction, survival, and transition parameters in the model are density dependent. The behavior of such models is determined by the form of this density dependence. Here, we focus on models in which the parameters depend on the value of an aggregated variable, defined to be the weighted sum of the number of individuals in each stage class. In forestry models, for example, this aggregated variable may represent a basal area index; in fisheries models, it may represent a spawning stock biomass. Current age structured nonlinear stock-recruitment fisheries models are a special case of the models considered here. Certain results that apply to age structured models can be extended to this broader class of models. In particular, the questions addressed relate to the minimum number of age classes that need to be harvested to obtain maximum sustainable yield policies and to managing resources under nonequilibrium and stochastic conditions. Application of the model to problems in fisheries, forestry, pest, and wildlife management is also discussed.
Formation and Encapsulation of Biomolecular Arrays for Developing Arrays of Membrane-Based Artificial Hair Cell Sensors

Recent research in our group has shown that artificial cell membranes formed at the base of a hair-like structure can be used to sense air flow in a manner similar to the mechanotransduction processes found in mammalian hair cells. Our previous work demonstrated that a single artificial hair cell can be formed in an open substrate. However, that study also motivated the need to develop fully-encapsulated devices that feature arrays of hair-cells. Since the transduction element in this concept is an artificial cell membrane, or lipid bilayer, this work investigates two parallel substrate designs for providing encapsulation and a method for forming arrays of bilayers. In one effort, a flexible substrate with internal compartments for hosting the biomolecules and mating cap are constructed and experimentally characterized. The regulated attachment method (RAM) is used to form interface bilayers within the sealed device. Capacitance measurements of the sealed interface bilayer show that the sealing cap slightly compresses the bottom insert and reduces the size of the enclosed bilayer. Single channel measurements of alamethicin peptides further verify that the sealed device, which is also leak-proof under water, can be used to detect the insertion and gating activity of transmembrane proteins in the membrane. The second effort pursued herein is the fabrication and initial testing of a method to form arrays of interface bilayers by using anchored hydrogel pads that support curved aqueous lenses in oil. In this fashion, the configuration of the array does not require manipulating droplets, but instead depends on the arrangement of the built-in gels used to support the aqueous lenses. As with RAM, mechanical force is used to promote contact of adjacent aqueous lenses held in the flexible substrate. Initial tests show that gel-supported lenses can be used for forming multiple lipid bilayers within the device and that these interfaces can be interrogated individually or collectively using an electrode switching circuit.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Coping behavior: differences in barrier performance in full-term and premature infants.

SUMMARY Coping ability was assessed in 12- and 18-month-old premature and full-term children, using an experimental barrier situation consisting of a double fence of boards and boxes which the child had to remove to reach the center. No term differences were found for the 12-month-old children: the task was too difficult for them. The term differences found at 18 months indicated that the prematures rested more and tended to smile more than did full-terms. The most dramatic finding was that only 4 of the 17 children who completed the task were premature. None of the findings for the 18-month-old children were related to intelligence.
Faculty Development in Teacher Education: An Agenda

Faculty development in schools, col leges, and departments of education should address the special needs of teacher education and reflect current knowledge of adult and career develop ment. This article proposes six priorities for faculty development that can strengthen the role of teacher education within the academy while developing the vitality of the education faculty indi vidually and collectively.
The Kitaev?Feynman clock for open quantum systems

We show that Kitaevʼs construction of Feynmanʼs clock, in which the time-evolution of a closed quantum system is encoded as a ground state problem, can be extended to open quantum systems. In our formalism, the ground states of an ensemble of non-Hermitian Kitaev–Feynman clock Hamiltonians yield stochastic trajectories, which unravel the evolution of a Lindblad master equation. In this way, one can use the Kitaev–Feynman clock not only to simulate the evolution of a quantum system, but also its interaction with an environment such as a heat bath or measuring apparatus. A simple numerical example of a two-level atom undergoing spontaneous emission is presented and analyzed.
Connectivity vs. reachability

Abstract We consider the problem of the relative complexity of the connectivity and reachability ( s-t -connectivity) problems, in a model resembling the one used for graph properties. In our model an oracle answers queries about edge-induced subgraphs, and we count the number of queries made. The main result is that in order to determine whether t is reachable from s one has to ask Ω(n 2 ) questions about the connectivity of edge-induced subgraphs. For non-adaptive strategies we show that n 2 questions are necessary for n ≥6. Several other results are included.
Airborne respirable silica near a sand and gravel facility in central California: XRD and elemental analysis to distinguish source and background quartz.

Despite the potential toxicity of respirable quartz to humans, little is known about the transport of airborne quartz from sources to receptors and how to distinguish anthropogenically generated quartz from natural background in a receptor sample. Airborne quartz emissions near a sand and gravel facility were determined using PM10 and PM2.5 filter samples collected at four downwind sites (D1: 22 m, D2: 62 m, D3: 259 m, and D4: 745 m from the facility) as well as one upwind site (U1: 1495 m) during summer sampling. X-ray diffraction was used to determine quartz concentration and elemental composition was analyzed using PIXE, XRF, PESA, and HIPS techniques. Elemental composition of the PM samples was used to determine the X-ray mass absorption coefficients that are essential for accurate quartz quantification by XRD. Elemental composition was found to be a useful tool to distinguish source and background crystalline silica. Both PM10 and PM2.5 samples collected at the D1, D2, and D3 sites contained mor...
Initial performance of Los Alamos Advanced Free Electron Laser

Abstract The Los Alamos compact Advanced Free Electron Laser (AFEL) has lased at 4.7 and 5.2 μm with a 1-cm period wiggler and a high-brightness electron beam at 16.8 and 15.8 MeV, respectively. The measured electron beam normalized emittance is 1.3 π mm mrad at a peak current of 100 A, corresponding to a beam brightness greater than 2 × 10 12 A/m 2 rad 2 . Initial results indicate that the AFEL small signal gain is ∼ 8% at 0.3 nC (30 A peak). The maximum output energy is 7 mJ over a 2-μs macropulse. The AFEL performance can be significantly enhanced by improvements in the rf and drive laser stability.
Evaluation of a fault tolerant distributed broadcast algorithm in hypercube multicomputers

This paper performs a detailed evaluation of a fault-tolerant distributed broadcasting algorithm for cube connected networks. The main areas of evaluation are the following: (1) Algorithm effectiveness in the presence of multiple faults, (2) Establishing the maximum number of link faults allowed, before the algorithm fails to guarantee 100% effectiveness. The evaluation was done to networks connected in 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-cube configurations. The results of the simulation were analyzed to establish algorithm characteristics under multiple faults.
Design And Analysis Of Surface Coils For NMR Imaging

The parameters for designing surface coils for NMR imaging have been identified by introducing an equivalent circuit for it. Also a method of evaluation and testing of surface coils has been discussed in the lab environment.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Peeking inside the "Black Box" of the Flynn Effect: Evidence from Three Wechsler Instruments.

This study investigated the Wechsler Performance IQ (PIQ) or Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)/ Perceptual Organization Index (POI) change over time and its relation to ability levels. PIQ or PRI/ POI was analyzed because of the known sensitivity of nonverbal scales to the Flynn effect. Scores were analyzed using two methods. First, analysis of covariance was applied to the combination of four representative samples of individuals who were administered the following pairs of Wechsler batteries in counterbalanced order: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Revised (WPPSI-R) and WPPSI-III (N = 174), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children — Third Edition (WISC-III) and WISC-IV (N = 239), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R) and WAIS-III (N = 191), and WAIS-III and WAIS-IV ( N = 240). Second, equal percentile equating was applied to each of the samples independently. Although the two methods produced different patterns of results, both methods showed some evidence of variation i...
The limitedness problem on distance automata: Hashiguchi's method revisited

Hashiguchi has studied the limitedness problem of distance automata (DA) in a series of paper [(J. Comput. System Sci. 24 (1982) 233; Theoret. Comput. Sci. 72 (1990) 27; Theoret. Comput. Sci. 233 (2000) 19)]. The distance of a DA can be limited or unbounded. Given that the distance of a DA is limited, Hashiguchi has proved in Hashiguchi (2000) that the distance of the automaton is bounded by 24n3+n lg(n+2)+n, where n is the number of states. In this paper, we study again Hashiguchi's solution to the limitedness problem. We have made a number of simplification and improvement on Hashiguchi's method. We are able to improve the upper bound to 23n3+n lg n+n-1.
Circuits for the FX-1 computer

A set of computer logic circuits capable of 50-megapulse operation is described. Included are gated and mixing pulse amplifiers, a static flip-flop, a diode logic unit with current-steering amplifier, a passive delay line, and an active variable delay circuit, all of which are designed to operate with terminated 75-ohm transmission lines. Ten-nanosecond pulses and 20-nanosecond flip-flop transition times are achieved through use of very-high-speed MADT transistors. The circuits have been successfully employed in the FX-1, a small general purpose computer with a high-speed magnetic-film memory.
Multi-Scale Approach for Nonhomogeneous Microstructural Effects on Damage in Particulate Composites

This study investigated the effects of random and non-uniform particle distributions on the damage initiation and growth in particulate composites. Numerical specimens with either no crack or an existing crack were examined. For the cases with no crack, the effect of sizes of the representative area for non-uniform particle volume fractions was studied on the overall stress-strain curves and the results were compared with that of the specimen with uniform particle volume fractions. Other studies considered cracked specimens, either single edge crack or a center crack. The global-local approach was used along with multi-scale technique. The global analysis determined the deformations around the crack tip. Then, the local analysis evaluated the damage progress at the crack tip using the solution of the global analysis as boundary conditions. The results showed non-uniformed particle volume fractions in particulate composites caused the crack growth at lower applied loads than the uniform particle volume fraction. Statistical data were also plotted for the non-uniform particle volume fraction cases.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Facial expression recognition using $${l}_{p}$$lp-norm MKL multiclass-SVM

Automatic recognition of facial expressions is an interesting and challenging research topic in the field of pattern recognition due to applications such as human---machine interface design and developmental psychology. Designing classifiers for facial expression recognition with high reliability is a vital step in this research. This paper presents a novel framework for person-independent expression recognition by combining multiple types of facial features via multiple kernel learning (MKL) in multiclass support vector machines (SVM). Existing MKL-based approaches jointly learn the same kernel weights with $$l_{1}$$l1-norm constraint for all binary classifiers, whereas our framework learns one kernel weight vector per binary classifier in the multiclass-SVM with $$l_{p}$$lp-norm constraints $$(p \ge 1)$$(p?1), which considers both sparse and non-sparse kernel combinations within MKL. We studied the effect of $$l_{p}$$lp-norm MKL algorithm for learning the kernel weights and empirically evaluated the recognition results of six basic facial expressions and neutral faces with respect to the value of "$$p$$p". In our experiments, we combined two popular facial feature representations, histogram of oriented gradient and local binary pattern histogram, with two kernel functions, the heavy-tailed radial basis function and the polynomial function. Our experimental results on the CK$$+$$+, MMI and GEMEP-FERA face databases as well as our theoretical justification show that this framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and the SimpleMKL-based multiclass-SVM for facial expression recognition.
Observing nonreactively: a conditional process model linking mindfulness facets, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and depression and anxiety symptoms.

Abstract Background Mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety emphasize the importance of observing present moment experience, but observing has often been positively related to anxiety and unrelated to depression symptoms. The current study sought to better understand the conditions and mechanism through which observing relates to symptoms by examining six conditional process models in which (1) nonreactivity moderates the direct effect of observing on symptoms of anxiety and depression symptoms and (2) nonreactivity moderates the indirect effect of observing on anxiety and depression via cognitive emotion regulation strategies (i.e. rumination, worry, and reappraisal). Methods A clinical sample of 189 adults with anxiety and depressive disorders completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results Conditional process models showed that nonreactivity significantly moderated the direct effect of observing on symptoms of depression, but not anxiety. Additionally, nonreactivity significantly moderated the indirect effect of observing on symptoms of depression through rumination and reappraisal, but not worry. For anxiety, nonreactivity significantly moderated the indirect effect of observing on symptoms through worry and rumination, but not reappraisal. Limitations Causal interpretations of results are limited. Conclusion Findings suggest that the relationship between observing and symptoms of depression and anxiety depends on the capacity to observe nonreactively, which may influence symptoms directly and indirectly through cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Findings raise important implications for tailoring mindfulness-based treatments for anxiety and depression symptoms.