cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creep deformation behaviour of Rhenium free Ni-based single crystal superalloys LSC-15

In this paper, creep deformation behavior of Ni-based single crystal superalloys LSC-15 were studied. LSC-15 does not include Rhenium and has been developed by IHI Corporation Japan. Creep tests were performed at 1000 and 1050 ∘ C under several stress levels. The creep deformation behaviour was different between test temperatures at 1000 ∘ C and 1050 ∘ C. Moreover, the relationship between the minimum creep rate and stress was different at the various temperatures. The stress exponent values at 1000 ∘ C and 1050 ∘ C, were n = 6 and 12 respectively. This difference was due to differences in the formation of dislocation network. At 1000 ∘ C, when the minimum creep rate, the dislocation network formed completely independent of stress level. On the other hand, at 1050 ∘ C, the dislocation network had not developed fully at the minimum creep rate and the formation of dislocation network depended on the stress level. Therefore, stress dependency at 1050 ∘ C is higher than that at 1000 ∘ C.
Characterization of the human gene for a newly discovered carbonic anhydrase, CA VII, and its localization to chromosome 16.

Six carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes (CA I-VI) in mammals and other amniotes have been described. We have isolated an additional CA gene from a human genomic library and designated its putative product carbonic anhydrase VII (CA VII). The gene is approximately 10 kb long and contains seven exons and six introns found at positions identical to those determined for the previously described CA I, CA II, and CA III genes. The finding of a 17-bp GTrich segment in a position 28 bp downstream of the poly(A)+ signal and the high correspondence of the 5’ and 3’ splice sites of the six introns with consensus junction sequences are consistent with the gene being functional. The 5’ flanking regions of the CA VII gene do not contain the TATA and CAAT promoter elements usually found within 100 bp upstream of transcription initiation, but do contain a TTTAA sequence 102 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon. The 5’ region of the gene (-243 to +551) is GCrich and contains 80 CpG dinucleotides and four possible Spl (GGGCGG or CCGCCC) binding sites. Northern analysis has identified the salivary gland as a major site of expression. The derived amino acid sequence of the CA VII gene is 263 amino acids long and has 50,56, and 49% identity with human CA I, CA II, and CA III, respectively. No differences were found at any of the 39 positions that have remained invariant in all mammalian CA isozymes sequenced to date. Based on analysis of interspecific somatic cell hybrids, the human CA VII gene, CA7, was assigned to chromosome 16, with localization to the long arm at the
An Overview of the Determination of Environmental Constituents from the Viewpoint of a Chemist

Environmental constituents, components of air, earth, and water, are determined for various reasons. The determination of major constituents in the main presents few problems and is therefore an area for us to set aside in this presentation. We are concerned here with the determination of trace constituents, primarily in air and water, many of which are chemically and/ or biologically very active. The reasons for the determinations of trace materials are many, but primarily are: (1) To determine the levels of materials of possible adverse effect to human health. (SO2, asbestos) (2) To determine the nature of atmospheric chemistry by studying interactions of materials to form and to remove atmospheric components. (Ozone, NOX) (3) To understand changes in climate and weather caused by chemical and physical interactions. (Aerosols) (4) To understand ecological changes induced from changing levels of substances in air, earth, and water. (SO2 at Ducktown and Donora, volatile fluoro- (5) To study changing distribution and ecological patterns in space and time. (DDT, PCB’s)
Attenuation of short surface waves by the sea floor via nonlinear sub-harmonic interaction

We consider the indirect mechanism for dissipation of short surface waves through their near-resonant interactions with long sub-harmonic waves that are dissipated by the bottom. Using direct perturbation analysis and an energy argument, we obtain analytic predictions of the evolution of the amplitudes of two short primary waves and the long sub-harmonic wave which form a near-resonant triad, elucidating the energy transfer, from the short waves to the long wave, which may be significant over time. We obtain expressions for the rate of total energy loss of the system and show that this rate has an extremum corresponding to a specific value of the (bottom) damping coefficient (for a given pair of short wavelengths relative to water depth). These analytic results agree very well with direct numerical simulations developed for the general nonlinear wave–wave and wave–bottom interaction problem.
Impact of compiler-based data-prefetching techniques on SPEC OMP application performance

In this paper, we evaluate the benefits achievable from software data-prefetching techniques for OpenMP* C/C++ and Fortran benchmark programs, using the framework of the Intel production compiler for the Intel/spl reg/ Itanium/spl reg/ 2 processor. Prior work on software data-prefetching study has primarily focused on benchmark performance in the context of a few software data-prefetching schemes developed in research compilers. In contrast, our study is to examine the impact of an extensive set of software data-prefetching schemes on the performance of multi-threaded execution using a full set of SPEC OMPM2001 applications with a product compiler on a commercial multiprocessor system. This paper presents performance results showing that compiler-based software data-prefetching supported in the Intel compiler results in significant performance gain, viz., 11.88% to 99.85% gain for 6 out of 11 applications, 3.83% to 6.96% gain for 4 out of 11 applications, with only one application obtaining less than 1% gain on an Intel/spl reg/ Itanium/spl reg/ 2 processor based SGI Altix* 32-way shared-memory multiprocessor system.
Thermal noise from switches in a switched-capacitor gain stage

Thermal noise in switched-capacitor (SC) gain stages limits the minimum signal amplitude that can be processed. This paper presents expressions for the input-referred noise due to thermal noise of MOS switches used in gain stages, based on a single-stage opamp model. Comparisons with simple expressions and SPICE simulations are presented. The new expressions are in closer agreement with the simulation results than the simple expressions.
Custody Investigations in Divorce Cases

Custody investigations by social workers of the home circumstances of children soon to be the subject of a custody order in a divorce case usually provide psychological and socioeconomic data about the family and other adults interested in the children's welfare. Reports of such investigations are used by judges in arriving at decisions about custody. The author's research has led him to conclude, however, that such institutionalized custody investigations can be defended only if they help spouses to resolve disputes that otherwise would be tried. Further, he suggests that safeguards be instituted to protect spouses from inaccurate and biased reporting.
Tularemia, lawn mowers, and rabbits' nests.

The recent report by Goethert, Shani, and Telford has demonstrated that strains of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) on the island of Martha's Vineyard are of multiple genotypes ([3][1]). In that paper, the authors stated that the mode of transmission of the two outbreaks (summer
The teratogenic activity of a thalidomide analogue, EM 12 in rabbits, rats, and monkeys.

ABSTRACT The teratogenic activity of a stable analogue of thalidomide, 2(2,6-dioxopiperiden-2-yl)-phthalimidine (EM12), has been compared in monkeys, rabbits, and rats. After oral administration of 25-250 mg/kg, EM12 was teratogenic in monkeys and rabbits but only slightly so in rats. After iv injection of the compound dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and water, teratogenic effects were observed both in offspring of rabbits and rats receiving doses of 10 mg/kg. The malformations observed in monkeys and rabbits were identical with those observed after thalidomide treatment, but those in rats were not the typical thalidomide-type deformities.
A decadal satellite analysis of the origins and impacts of smoke in Colorado

We analyze the record of aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by the MODerate resolution Imaging Spec- troradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra satellite in combi- nation with surface PM2.5 to investigate the impact of fires on aerosol loading and air quality over Colorado from 2000 to 2012, and to evaluate the contribution of local versus trans- ported smoke. Fire smoke contributed significantly to the AOD levels observed over Colorado. During the worst fire seasons of 2002 and 2012, average MODIS AOD over the Colorado Front Range corridor were 20-50 % larger than the other 11 yr studied. Surface PM2.5 was also unusually ele- vated during fire events and concentrations were in many oc- casions above the daily National Ambient Air Quality Stan- dard (35 µg m 3 ) and even reached locally unhealthy levels (> 100 µg m 3 ) over populated areas during the 2012 High Park fire and the 2002 Hayman fire. Over the 13 yr exam- ined, long-range transport of smoke from northwestern US and even California (> 1500 km distance) occurred often and affected AOD and surface PM2.5. During most of the trans- port events, MODIS AOD and surface PM2.5 were reason- able correlated (r 2 = 0.2-0.9), indicating that smoke subsided into the Colorado boundary layer and reached surface levels. However, that is not always the case since at least one event of AOD enhancement was disconnected from the surface (r 2 < 0.01 and low PM2.5 levels). Observed plume heights from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) satellite instrument and vertical aerosol profiles measured by the space-based Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Po- larization (CALIOP) showed a complex vertical distribution of smoke emitted by the High Park fire in 2012. Smoke was detected from a range of 1.5 to 7.5 km altitude at the fire ori- gin and from ground levels to 12.3 km altitude far away from the source. The variability of smoke altitude as well as the lo- cal meteorology were key in determining the aerosol loading and air quality over the Colorado Front Range region. Our results underline the importance of accurate characterization of the vertical distribution of smoke for estimating the air quality degradation associated with fire activity and its link to human health.
Antifibrinolytic Activity of Derivatives of Fibrinolysin.

SummaryDerivatives of bovine fibrinolysin have been prepared which inhibited the enzyme from which they are derived, but did not inhibit human fibrinolytic activity.
Inactivation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Degradation and Removal of Cellulose from STEC Surfaces by Using Selected Enzymatic and Chemical Treatments

Some Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains produce extracellular cellulose, a long polymer of glucose with β-1-4 glycosidic bonds. This study evaluated the efficacies of selected enzymatic and chemical treatments in inactivating STEC and degrading/removing the cellulose on STEC surfaces. Six cellulose-producing STEC strains were treated with cellulase (0.51 to 3.83 U/15 ml), acetic and lactic acids (2 and 4%), as well as an acidic and alkaline sanitizer (manufacturers' recommended concentrations) under appropriate conditions. Following each treatment, residual amounts of cellulose and surviving populations of STEC were determined. Treatments with acetic and lactic acids significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the populations of STEC, and those with lactic acid also significantly decreased the amounts of cellulose on STEC. The residual amounts of cellulose on STEC positively correlated to the surviving populations of STEC after the treatments with the organic acids (r = 0.64 to 0.94), and the significance of the correlations ranged from 83 to 99%. Treatments with cellulase and the sanitizers both degraded cellulose. However, treatments with cellulase had no influence on the fate of STEC, and those with the sanitizers reduced STEC cell populations to undetectable levels. Thus, the correlations between the residual amounts of cellulose and the surviving populations of STEC caused by these two treatments were not observed. The results suggest that the selected enzymatic and chemical agents degraded and removed the cellulose on STEC surfaces, and the treatments with organic acids and sanitizers also inactivated STEC cells. The amounts of cellulose produced by STEC strains appear to affect their susceptibilities to certain sanitizing treatments.
The Role of Dynein in Microtubule-based Motility

Dyneins are high molecular weight ATPases that function as microtubule-based molecular motors. The axonemal dyneins, discovered 30 years ago, are responsible for the beating movement of cilia and sperm flagella, which they generate by producing sliding between adjacent microtubules. Cytoplasmic dynein, more recently discovered, is involved in diverse activities, including intracellular transport, nuclear migration, and the orientation of the cell spindle at mitosis.
The cut polytope and the Boolean quadric polytope

Abstract In 1983 Barahona defined the class of cut polytopes; recently Padberg defined the class of Boolean quadric polytopes. We show that every Boolean quadric polytope is the image of a cut polytope under a bijective linear transformation, and so studying Boolean quadric polytopes reduces to studying special cut polytopes. Our proof uses an idea introduced in 1965 by Hammer.
Safe and Effective Method for Application of Tetracaine, Adrenaline, and Cocaine to Oral Lacerations

Abstract Study objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a technique for application of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine (TAC) for minor oral lacerations. Methods: Our study group comprised 22 consecutive children older than 5 years of age who presented to an urban pediatric emergency department with a minor oral laceration 2 cm or less in length requiring single-layer closure. The children were prospectively treated with a two-drop dose of TAC containing .5 mg tetracaine and 12 mg cocaine on a cotton-tipped applicator placed in contact with the wound for up to 5 minutes. Results: Lacerations involved the labial mucosa (n=12), tongue (n=6), and buccal mucosa (n=4); 41 (91%) of 45 sutures were placed without pain (95% confidence interval, 0% to 8.2%). No patient exhibited an adverse reaction related to TAC. Conclusion: This TAC application technique was safe and highly effective in providing anesthesia for minor oral lacerations. [Bonadio WA: Safe and effective method for application of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine to oral lacerations. Ann Emerg Med October 1996;27:396-398.]
Ustilago maydis reprograms cell proliferation in maize anthers.

Summary The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis is a ubiquitous pathogen of maize (Zea mays), one of the world's most important cereal crops. Infection by this smut fungus triggers tumor formation in aerial plant parts within which the fungus sporulates. Using confocal microscopy to track U. maydis infection on corn anthers for 7 days post-injection, we found that U. maydis is located on the epidermis during the first 2 days, and has reached all anther lobe cell types by 3 days post-injection. Fungal infection alters cell-fate specification events, cell division patterns, host cell expansion and host cell senescence, depending on the developmental stage and cell type. Fungal effects on tassel and plant growth were also quantified. Transcriptome profiling using a dual organism microarray identified thousands of anther genes affected by fungal infection at 3 days post-injection during the cell-fate specification and rapid cell proliferation phases of anther development. In total, 4147 (17%) of anther-expressed genes were altered by infection, 2018 fungal genes were expressed in anthers, and 206 fungal secretome genes may be anther-specific. The results confirm that U. maydis deploys distinct genes to cause disease in specific maize organs, and suggest mechanisms by which the host plant is manipulated to generate a tumor.
Efficient calculation of all-pairs input-to-output delays in synchronous sequential circuits

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding all-pairs input-to-output delays for combinational circuits. This method is of practical utility in several design situations and CAD algorithms. An algorithm for solving this problem was proposed by Fishburn (1990); however, this can be computationally expensive. We take advantage of some properties of large realistic circuits to present an algorithm that is two orders of magnitude faster than the aforementioned method for large circuits. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits prove the efficacy of this approach.
Downregulation of Friend Leukemia Virus Integration 1 as a Feedback Mechanism That Restrains Lipopolysaccharide Induction of Matrix Metalloproteases and Interleukin-10 in Human Macrophages

The E26 transformation-specific (Ets) proteins are a family of transcription factors with important roles in a variety of cellular processes ranging from proliferation and differentiation to transformation and metastasis. Tissue-specific expression of Ets proteins and their ability to interact with other families of transcription factors contribute to their versatility. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Ets factors in primary human monocytes and macrophages, and their role in matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and cytokine production. The macrophage-activating Toll-like receptor ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced the expression of Ets family members epithelium-specific Ets factor 3 (ESE-3) and TEL-2 but rapidly suppressed Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI-1) expression. Modulation of FLI-1 expression using either RNA interference or forced expression identified a positive role for FLI-1 in contributing to LPS-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-10, and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Thus, the rapid downregulation of FLI-1 expression after LPS stimulation attenuates the induction of various MMPs and IL-10 under inflammatory conditions. In contrast, the expression of IL-6 and TNFα and the effects of interferon (IFN)γ on LPS responses were not dependent on FLI-1. Our results define a novel FLI-1-mediated self-regulatory feedback loop that limits MMP expression and thus may attenuate extent of tissue destruction associated with inflammatory responses.
Barriers to domestic violence screening in the pediatric setting.

Objective. By surveying practitioners in our community, we hoped to determine what pediatricians and family physicians (FPs) perceive as barriers to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendation on Domestic Violence Screening. Background. When screened in the pediatric setting, as many as 40% of mothers will disclose domestic violence (DV) by their partner. Recognizing the profound effects of DV on children, the AAP recently recommended that all practitioners incorporate DV screening as a part of routine anticipatory guidance. Yet, there is little information about whether pediatricians have the training, the time to screen, or understand the magnitude of this problem. Design/Methods. A 22-question survey about attitudes, training, and current DV screening practice was sent to all general pediatricians and FPs with admitting privileges to Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. A copy of the AAP recommendation on screening was included. The vast majority of practitioners with an appreciable pediatric practice in the surrounding tri-state area of 1.8 million people have privileges at the institution. Results. After 2 mailings, 310 (57%) of 547 of questionnaires were returned. The majority of practitioners (64%) were unaware of the AAP recommendation, but 51% of practitioners screened at least high-risk families for DV and 49% had identified a case of DV in their practice. Still, only 8.5% routinely screened for DV and 74% had received no specific DV training. Fifty-eight percent of practitioners estimated the incidence of DV to be <5% in their practice. The most commonly perceived barriers to screening were lack of education (61%), office protocol (60%), time (59%), and support staff (55%). FPs were significantly more likely to have DV training (64% vs 21%), more likely to screen at least high-risk women (79% vs 56%), and more likely to have identified a case of DV (92% vs 40%) than pediatricians. FPs were less likely to cite lack of education (46% vs 65%) and lack of time (50% vs 61%) than pediatricians. Physicians licensed in Ohio were less likely to have specific domestic violence training (23% vs 60%) as compared with Kentucky physicians, where domestic violence education is required for licensing. Kentucky physicians were less likely to cite lack of education as barrier to DV screening (20% vs 62%). When comparing the characteristics of those who screen to those who do not, those with DV training were 10.9 times (odds adjusted ratio) more likely to screen. Conclusions. Practitioners grossly underestimate the incidence of DV in their practices. Lack of education including knowledge of screening recommendations is a barrier to DV screening by pediatricians. Greater efforts are needed to educate pediatricians on DV for the AAP recommendations to be accepted. Pediatrics 2001; 108:98-102; domestic violence, child abuse, screening, physician attitude.
GEOTRICHITES GLAESARIUS, A CONIDIAL FUNGUS FROM TERTIARY DOMINICAN AMBER

Geotrichites glaesarius, a new fungal anamorph, is described from Dominican amber of late Oligocene or early Miocene age. A well-developed mycelium is present on the surface of an arachnid cadaver;...
COOK/CHILL FOODSERVICE SYSTEM WITH A MICROWAVE OVEN: THIAMIN CONTENT IN PORTIONS OF BEEF LOAF AFTER MICROWAVE-HEATING

Two heat processes were used to simulate preparation of beef loaf as would occur in hospital cook/chill foodservice systems. Thiamin content of beef loaf was evaluated before initial cooking; after initial cooking to 63-66°C and 24 hr chilled storage at 6°C; and after 0, 20, 50, 80 or 110 set of microwave-heating (2450 MHz; 1408W output). Values for thiamin, determined using a fluorometric method, were adjusted to account for weight losses after two heat processes and storage of the beef loaf. A decrease in thiamin content (mean 0.9 μg thiamin/g of beef loaf uncooked) was not related to time or end-temperature of microwave-heating. Microwave-heating accounted for l/3 of the 30% total thiamin loss.
Outcomes of endopyelotomy for pelviureteric junction obstruction in the paediatric population: A systematic review

Summary Introduction Dismembered pyeloplasty is the gold standard treatment for pelviureteric obstruction (PUJO) although endourological techniques are also employed. Outcomes and success rates for paediatric endopyelotomy are variably reported. Objective The study aimed to systematically analyse published literature to give an overall success rate for endopyelotomy in children. Study design Medline and Embase databases were searched using relevant key terms to identify reports of paediatric endoplyelotomy. Literature reviews, case reports, series of 20 years) were excluded. Primary and secondary procedures were considered separately. The procedure was considered successful if [a] the author reported success AND [b] there was no immediate conversion to open pyeloplasty OR a subsequent procedure to the PUJ 3 or more weeks after endopyelotomy. Results One hundred and fourteen studies were assessed, 15 were included in the final review. Overall, 220 endopyelotomies were performed in 216 patients; 128 had primary PUJO, 92 underwent secondary endopyelotomy. Median success rate was 71% (range 46–100) in the primary group and 75% (25–100) in the secondary group. Previously undetected crossing vessels were found at subsequent open pyeloplasty in 12 failures (11 primary = 31% of failed primary endopyelotomies). Complications were reported in 14.8% of primary and 14.1% of secondary procedures. Discussion This study is limited by the data given in the individual series: varied criteria used for patient selection and outcome as well as inconsistent pre and post operative imaging data precluded a meta-analysis. Designating procedures as failures if there were subsequent procedures to the PUJ lowered success rates from author-given figures for some studies. Complications rates after endopyelotomy are higher than those for open and minimally invasive pyeloplasty. Success rates for endoplyelotomy do not compare favourably with pyeloplasty and crossing vessels should be excluded before considering the procedure.
Creep behavior of nanocrystalline Au films as a function of temperature

Freestanding nanocrystalline Au films, subjected to nominally elastic loads at 25–110 °C, demonstrated high primary (10−7–10−4 s−1) and steady-state creep rates (10−8–10−5 s−1). The deformation mechanisms for creep were strongly temperature dependent: grain boundary sliding-based creep dominated at room temperature and 50 °C, while the contribution of dislocation-mediated creep increased at 80 and 110 °C. The effect of applied stress on primary and steady-state creep strain at different temperatures was captured well by a non-linear model that was based on the kinetics of thermal activation. Multi-cycle creep experiments showed that at room temperature virtually all the primary strain accumulated during each forward creep cycle was recovered upon complete unloading. As the contribution of dislocation-mediated creep increased with temperature, the ratio of strain recovery to primary strain accumulated during each cycle was reduced due to the accumulation of plastic strain at higher temperatures. Notably, at all temperatures, the steady-state creep rate decreased after the first creep cycle. Moreover, the entire creep response remained virtually unchanged in all subsequent cycles, which implies that the first creep cycle resulted in mechanical annealing. This conclusion was further supported by calculations of the activation entropy: A reduction in its magnitude between the first and all subsequent creep cycles at all temperatures pointed out to mechanical annealing of initial material defects during the first loading cycle. The negative values of the calculated activation entropy indicated that entropy changes due to annihilation of defects-dominated entropy changes associated with the generation of new defects. Finally, the activation entropy for steady-state creep was temperature insensitive, but increased with stress, which is consistent with an increase in defect generation at higher stresses.
Selecting the column configuration with lowest media replacement cost for small adsorption systems.

Abstract A framework was developed for preliminary evaluation of the relative media replacement costs of three alternative column configurations used for adsorption systems with two vessels, such as those serving small systems. The media replacement cost is the cost of fresh media and the replacement service cost (including transportation, labor, and other non-material costs). Cost normalization methods were developed in part based on the data from US EPA Arsenic Treatment Technology Demonstration Program. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics were modeled using the PSDM model and breakthrough curves were normalized using the target effluent to influent concentration ratio (C/Co) and the mass transfer zone fraction (%MTZBT). Two factors were found to be important for the relative replacement cost of each configuration – the frequency which at least one column needed replacement of media, and the cycle replacement cost (CRCost) which is a combination of the fresh media cost and the replacement service cost. The lead-lag configuration has the lowest annual replacement cost at low target C/Co, high %MTZBT, and high CRCost ratios. The parallel configuration performs better at high target C/Co, high %MTZBT, and high CRCost ratios. Although the single configuration (two columns operated in tandem and replaced simultaneously) has higher media consumption compared to lead-lag and parallel, it can result in the lowest replacement cost at short %MTZBT and very low CRCost ratios due to savings in the replacement service cost.
The State, Unauthorized Mexican Migration, and Vulnerability in the Workplace

For the last 20 years, migration scholars have generated a number of important empirical insights about the ways in which the state, through the enactment of immigration policies, creates workplace vulnerabilities such as discrimination, harassment, wage theft, workplace raids, and the threat of deportation. Recent studies of illegality also examine the role of the state but do so in a way that explores what legal status means and how it is experienced in everyday lives of migrants marked as “illegal” by the state. This article reviews recent research that shows that the state operates in a gray zone of enforcement that puts migrants in ambiguous social spaces and heightens their vulnerability at work. However, research also finds that migrants find ways to exert their agency in challenging work environments.
Concurrent Validity of the International Family Quality of Life Survey

The measurement of the social construct of Family Quality of Life (FQOL) is a parsimonious alternative to the current approach of measuring familial outcomes using a battery of tools related to individual-level outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the International FQOL Survey (FQOLS-2006), using cross-sectional data collected from 65 family caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. It shows a moderate correlation between the total FQOL scores of the FQOLS-2006 and the Beach Center's FQOL scale. The validity of five FQOLS-2006 domains was supported by the correlations between conceptually related domains.
A New Concept in Evaluating Integrated Pest Management Programs

The traditional approach to the evaluation of integrated pest management (rPM) programs has been to compare the success or involvement of program participants with that of a control group comprised of nonprogram cooperators. However, as some of the more established IPM programs have evolved and grown, the nonparticipants or control group has become smaller or in some cases nonexistent. With intensified IPM educational programs, a point can be reached at which all producers of a given commodity or within a given geographical area have been exposed to and influenced by IPM techniques and practices. At this point, participants or cooperators are no longer characterized by the use or non-use of IPM, but instead by the percentage of available IPM practices used.
The Kantian Model of Moral-Practical Reason

In this essay I will examine several features of the dominant contem porary view about the nature and functions of practical reason, a view finding its most natural home in deontological theories within the Kantian tradition.1 I will suggest that such theories are quite wrong in holding that public morality is the whole of our moral life. I will argue that insofar as they deny there is or can be such a thing as a private moral life, they tend both to mis represent and to undermine the nature of human moral life. Some of my critical remarks on these points will apply, mutatis mutandis, to utilitarian theories as well. My criticism will be made from what, in the main, can be called an Aristotelian position, which holds that practical reason has both public (but not wholly public) and private (but not wholly private) functions, and that each function has its own distinctiveness.2 On this account, practical wisdom is right reasoning aimed at the good of the individual and political wisdom is right reasoning aimed at the common good of the community. Although neither function nor neither good can exist without the other, neither should one be collapsed into the other. I will not have the space to delineate the Aristotelian view in any detail, but through my comments on the Kantian view I will at least give some indications about how such a view of practical reason and morality can be constructed.3
The influence of host plant on production and colonization ability of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal spores.

When the influence of five host plants on spores produced by three mycorrhizal fungi was tested, the number of spores produced was highly variable within treatment. Sporulation of Glomus fasciculatum was significantly influenced by host plant but spore production by G. macrocarpum and G. mosseae was not. Spore production was not correlated with degree of root colonization but with plant dry weight, although differences in dry weight alone could not explain the influence of host plant on G. fasciculatum sporulation. Apparently, sporulation of G. fasciculatum is more heavily influenced by host plant than is sporulation of G. macrocarpum and G. mosseae. Different levels of host-fungus affinity may exist. When the efficiency (ability to colonize) of the inoculum produced by the three fungi on the five host plants was compared, few significant differences were evident even at the lowest dilution of 1.4 spores/ 42 g soil. Thus, the ability of spores to colonize their host may be relatively constant despite differences in spore numbers which have been produced.
Abstract 658: Phosphorylated HER3 levels associated with trastuzumab resistance inHER2gene amplified uterine serous carcinoma xenograft tumors

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer that commonly harbors HER2 gene amplification. Clinical trial has demonstrated that USC is impervious to trastuzumab therapy, though the mechanism is poorly understood. Since HER3 mediated signaling has been implicated in trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer, we sought to understand the relevance of HER3 activation in USC xenografts derived from the HER2 gene amplified (HER2:Chr 17 > 15) non-immortalized USC cell line ARK2. Cohorts of mice harboring xenografts derived from ARK2 were treated with either vehicle, trastuzumab (10 mg/kg IP BIW), lapatinib (150 mg/kg QD oral gavage) or the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib for 21 days. Acute and chronic post treatment tumor samples were assessed for downstream signaling alterations. Single agent trastuzumab had no impact on xenograft growth compared to vehicle. Lapatinib alone resulted in significant tumorstatic effects (p < 0.01) and dual therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib induced synergistic activity that significantly decreased tumor volume compared to all other arms (p < 0.01). Single agent trastuzumab was associated with rapid elevation in pHER3 levels with unchanged pAKT and pERK expression compared to vehicle. These elevated pHER3 levels were similarly elevated after the 21 day treatment. Anti-tumor activity observed in the lapatinib and dual lapatinib/trastuzumab arm was not associated with any alterations in pHER3 levels following 21 day treatment, though acute elevations in pHER3 were noted in the dual HER2 blockade arm at 24 hours after treatment. In conclusion, trastuzumab alone failed to impact USC xenograft growth and this innate resistance was associated with an elevation in pHER3 levels that was still evident in xenografts at the end of the treatment period. Unlike single agent trastuzumab, treatment arms that utilized lapatinib demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity with no increase in pHER3 above vehicle over the course of treatment. These data highlight HER3 activation as a possible trastuzumab resistance mechanism in USC that can be abrogated through the addition of lapatinib. Citation Format: Silvia F. Hernandez, Celeste DiGloria, Jolijn Groeneweg, Darrell Borger, Rosemary Foster, Bo Rueda, Whitfield Growdon. Phosphorylated HER3 levels associated with trastuzumab resistance in HER2 gene amplified uterine serous carcinoma xenograft tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-658
Prokaryotic expression of buffalo iPSCs transcription factor Sox2 and assist protein HA2-TAT

To obtain Sox2 protein which could penetrate cell membrane,buffalo iPSCs(induced pluripotent stem cells) transcription factor Sox2 and cell-penetrating peptide HIV TAT were fusingly expressed.First,HA2-TAT fragment was synthesised to construct a basic expressing plasmid,pET-HA2-TAT.Then buffalo Sox2 gene was subcloned to pET-HA2-TAT,forming a recombinant plasmid pET-NLS-Sox2-TAT.It was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and the fusion protein was expressed with induction of IPTG.SDS-PAGE analysis and Western blot was performed to detect the fusion protein which was isolated and purified by Ni2+ protein purificating column.The results showed that the fusion protein HA2-TAT(24 400)and NLS-Sox2-TAT(57 700) could high efficiently expressed.When the imidazole at the density of 365.30 mmol/L,fusion protein NLS-Sox2-TAT emerges eluting peak.The fusion protein could be detected with biology antigenicity by Western blot.
“Why Am I Black?” Gendering Hip-Hop, and Translocal Solidarities in Dubai

What happens when two or more distinctive ways of being, understanding, and living blackness operate side-by-side in the same space and time? What new truths and narratives emerge when distinctive histories of migration and identity converge by the way of extended dialogues between women involved in global hip-hop culture and politics? To answer these questions, I first develop a black feminist ethnographic methodology grounded in a transversal understanding of black feminism and hip-hop politics. Using ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews with eight black-identified “third culture” Afro-Arab women in Dubai, UAE, I argue that hip-hop continues to provide an important point of encounter to negotiate local-to-local connections in ways that undermine the national boundaries erected by states and reinforced through racializing practices that are often expressed through the cultural logics of capitalist heteropatriarchy.
Social Justice: Agency and Practical-Moral Knowledge in the Teaching–Learning Process

This video ethnography documented the interrelationship between agency and practical-moral knowledge in sixth-grade literacy learning activities. By utilizing an ecological unit of analysis, the relational habitus, and discourse analytic methodology, this study found that students’ engagement in representational agency was evidenced in the patterned ways they collaboratively constructed literacy knowledge.
The Price of Victory

On June 24, 1945, Stalin smiled approvingly as Red Army detachments marched through Red Square tossing captured German battle flags before the Kremlin wall. At a state banquet later that night, Stalin displayed uncharacteristic humility and gratitude when he lifted his glass to acknowledge the millions of people “without whom we marshals and military commanders ... wouldn’t have accomplished a damned thing.”1 Throughout the Soviet Union people celebrated the victory over Germany with their own toasts and joyful tears. The intoxicating spirit encouraged many to dream that this day marked the beginning of a new life. As Ilya Ehrenburg later testified: “Everybody expected that once victory had been won, people would know real happiness. We realized, of course, that the country had been devastated, impoverished, that we would have to work hard, and we did not have fantasies about mountains of gold. But we believed that victory would bring justice, that human dignity would triumph.”2
The effects of self-classification on perceptions of security levels and civil liberties among a sample of college students

ABSTRACTThis study uses a survey of undergraduate college students at two schools in the eastern United States to investigate whether how they self-classify (e.g. choice of major and political view) effects their levels of trust in the government and how safe they feel in regard to a terror attack. We found that while all of the self-classification variables had an effect on trust in the government, none of them had an effect on feelings of safety.
Using a Modified Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to Increase Vocalizations in Children With Autism

ABSTRACTParent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a manualized behavioral intervention originally developed by Eyberg (1988) to address disruptive behaviors in young children. Although previous research findings support the contention that components of PCIT would positively impact communication, behavior, and adaptive skills (Howard, Sparkman, Cohen, Green, & Stanislaw, 2005; Lovaas, 1987; Remington et al., 2007) in children with developmental disabilities, few studies are shown in the literature. In a modified version of PCIT, caregivers completed two phases of intervention with their child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). During the Child-Directed Interaction (CDI) phase, caregivers were taught to conduct mand training, follow-their child’s lead, provide attention for their child’s positive behaviors, and ignore their child’s negative behaviors. During the Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI) phase, caregivers were taught to give effective commands and follow through with demands. The goal ...
How abstract is more abstract? Learning abstract underlying representations*

This paper presents a Maximum Entropy learner of grammars and lexicons (MaxLex), and demonstrates that MaxLex has an emergent preference for minimally abstract underlying representations. In order to keep the weight of faithfulness constraints low, the learner attempts to fill gaps in the lexical distribution of segments, making the underlying segment inventory more feature-economic. Even when the learner only has access to individual forms, properties of the entire system are implicitly available through the relative weighting of constraints. These properties lead to a preference for some abstract underlying representations over others, mitigating the computational difficulty of searching a large set of abstract forms. MaxLex is shown to be successful in learning certain abstract underlying forms through simulations based on the [i]~[O] alternation in Klamath verbs. The Klamath pattern cannot be represented or learned using concrete underlying representations, but MaxLex successfully learns both the phonotactic patterns and minimally abstract underlying representations.
ECT, Acetylcholine Receptors, and Memory

Although almost fifty years have elapsed since its introduction, the basic mechanisms whereby electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) exerts its therapeutic effects, remain to be elucidated. The biological basis of ECT-induced memory impairment, the major adverse effect of anesthetic- and muscle relaxant-modified ECT, is also unknown.
Datenübermittlungen zu Strafverfolgungszwecken in der Europäischen Union – eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Rechtslage

Im Rahmen effektiver Strafverfolgung werden durch die verantwortlichen Behorden alle fur den jeweiligen Fall relevanten, ihr zuganglichen Informationen zusammengetragen. Dazu werden Daten neu erhoben, es wird recherchiert, welche Informationen beispielsweise uber den mutmaslichen Tater bereits in den eigenen Datenbanken und Archiven vorliegen, und es werden andere Behorden um hilfreiche Informationen ersucht. Seit es in der Europaischen Union moglich ist die Binnengrenzen ohne Kontrollen zu passieren, haben sowohl potentielle Straftater als auch Opfer oder Tatgegenstande die Moglichkeit, sich unkontrolliert im gesamten Unionsgebiet zu bewegen, mit der Folge, dass die Anzahl von Straftaten mit grenzuberschreitendem Bezug immer groser wird.
Impacts of changing hydrology on permanent gully growth: experimental results

Abstract. Permanent gullies grow through head cut propagation in response to overland flow coupled with incision and widening in the channel bottom leading to hillslope failures. Altered hydrology can impact the rate at which permanent gullies grow by changing head cut propagation, channel incision, and channel widening rates. Using a set of small physical experiments, we tested how changing overland flow rates and flow volumes alter the total volume of erosion and resulting gully morphology. Permanent gullies were modeled as both detachment-limited and transport-limited systems, using two different substrates with varying cohesion. In both cases, the erosion rate varied linearly with water discharge, such that the volume of sediment eroded was a function not of flow rate, but of total water volume. This implies that efforts to reduce peak flow rates alone without addressing flow volumes entering gully systems may not reduce erosion. The documented response in these experiments is not typical when compared to larger preexisting channels where higher flow rates result in greater erosion through nonlinear relationships between water discharge and sediment discharge. Permanent gullies do not respond like preexisting channels because channel slope remains a free parameter and can adjust relatively quickly in response to changing flows.
Paradigms and Paradoxes: Diazomethane and Ethyl Diazoacetate: The Role of Substituent Effects on Stability

Diazomethane and ethyl diazoacetate are highly reactive and highly versatile synthetic reagents that undergo numerous related reactions. However, while the former is highly dangerous because of its toxicity and explosive behavior; the latter is much more benign. This is usually ascribed to resonance stabilization in ethyl diazoacetate involving an extra carbonyl group that is absent in diazomethane, cf. $$\begin{gathered} {\text{EtOOC}}---{\text{CH}} = {\rm N}^ + = {\rm N}^ - \leftrightarrow {\rm E}{\text{tOOC}}---{\text{CH}}^ - ---{\text{N}}^{\text{ + }} \equiv {\text{N}} \leftrightarrow {\text{EtOC(O}}^ - {\text{)}} = {\text{CH}}---{\text{N}}^{\text{ + }} \equiv {\rm N} \hfill \\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{2}} = {\rm N}^ + = {\rm N}^ - \leftrightarrow {\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}^ - ---{\text{N}}^{\text{ + }} \equiv {\rm N} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ The additional resonance stabilization is derived using a recent literature measurement of the enthalpy of an ethyl diazoacetate/aldehyde reaction, key enthalpies of formation, also from the literature, and some simplifying assumptions. The resonance stabilization is deduced to be but 16 kJ/mol, merely 4 kcal/mol. But, oh how grateful we are for this!
Algorithms for Sparse-Symmetrical-Indefinite and Sparse-Unsymmetrical System of Equations

For certain important classes of engineering and science applications [11.1–11.5], the coefficient matrix of the system of linear equations is no longer “positive definite.” Instead, it can be symmetric (or unsymmetric) and/or “indefinite” matrix. For these problems, pivoting strategies [11.6–11.10] are often required in order to avoid numerical difficulties. For symmetric, positive definite matrix [11.11–11.19], since pivoting strategies are not required, thus it is relatively easy to accurately “predict” the amounts of fill-in terms during the factorization process. In fact, upon completion the symbolic factorization (as discussed in Section 10.5), the exact dimensions for the (soon to be) factorized matrix can be determined, hence exact memory allocations can be assigned to the factorized matrix.
Longitudinal Research Methods and Family Theories

An outstanding characteristic of family relationships is their astonishing potential duration over time. A marital or parent-child dyad may persist for more than 60 years before being disrupted by death, and sibling relations may be still more long-lived. How such relations change over time, under what conditions they alter in specific ways, and what early factors shape subsequent developments in relationships are enduring questions for family researchers from various disciplines.