cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A robust approach for stability analysis of complex flows using high-order Navier-Stokes solvers

Abstract Global stability modes of flows provide significant insight into their dynamics. Direct methods to obtain these modes are restricted by the daunting sizes and complexity of Jacobians encountered in general three-dimensional flows. Jacobian-free iterative approaches such as those based on Arnoldi algorithm have greatly alleviated the required computational burden by considering a smaller subspace formed using Jacobian-vector products to obtain the desired subset of the eigenmodes. However, operations such as orthonormalization, as well as commonly used spectral transformations of matrices introduce computational and parameter-dependent costs that inhibit their routine application to general three-dimensional flowfields. The present work addresses some of these limitations by proposing and implementing a robust, generalizable high-order approach to extract the principal global modes; the method is shown to be straightforward to use with curvilinear coordinates and is exercised in a compressible framework. Linearized perturbation evolution snapshots, representing the desired Jacobian-vector products, are directly obtained from the same non-linear Navier-Stokes code as is used to generate the basic state by adding an easily derived body force, together with suitable initial conditions. This leverages the framework of the non-linear code, including existing advanced high-order spatio-temporal discretization methods, while obviating the need for a separate linearized solver. The subspace formed with the high-order accurate Jacobian-vector products, when subjected to dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), yield the desired physically meaningful principal stability modes without the need for an iterative procedure. The validity and versatility of the method are demonstrated with numerous examples encompassing essential elements expected in realistic flows, such as compressibility effects and complicated domains requiring general curvilinear meshes. Favorable quantitative comparisons are presented with an Arnoldi-based matrix-forming approach in extracting primary and secondary modes of interest. Considerations regarding the accuracy, linearity, convergence and overall efficiency of the method relative to other Jacobian-free methods are also presented. The proposed method is shown to offer an attractive alternative for stability analyses, particularly in flows where stretched, curvilinear meshes are warranted, or very low frequency modes are desired.
Bayesian cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatments: by Elias Moreno, Francisco Jose Vazquez-Polo, and Miguel Angel Negrin-Hernandez, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2019, 283 + xv pp., $95.96 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-138-73173-8

Bayesian approach to analyse health systems data is gaining popularity as the field receives periodically new data. Cost-effectiveness as a statistical decision-making process is the main theme of ...
Relative contributions of force and velocity to peak power across a load spectrum

Current resistance training controversies include whether to emphasize maximum force and strength, or to focus on velocity and movement speed. The purpose of this project was to determine the relative contributions of resistance exercise force and velocity to peak power. Weight trained men (X±SD; n = 24, age = 27.8±7.0 yrs) were tested for one repetition maximum (1 RM), peak power (PP), and force (F-PP) or velocity (V-PP) at peak power at 40%, 70% and 100% 1 RM. All lifts were performed on a 45° leg press equipped with a linear position transducer to determine kinetic and kinematic variables. Mean 1 RM leg press strength was 197±47 kg. Relative contributions of force and velocity to power at each intensity were determined using multiple linear regressions. Relative contributions of force and velocity to peak power at each intensity were as follows; 40% 1 RM - force = 47.0%, velocity = 53.0%, 70% 1 RM – force = 58.2%, velocity – 41.8%, 100% 1 RM – force = 45.1%, velocity = 54.9%. These data indicate the relative importance of force and velocity to peak power during the leg press exercise. Although the relative contributions change depending on the load, these data suggest that both qualities should be emphasized during training for high power.
Shifting Maladaptive Fall Risk Appraisal in Older Adults through an in-Home Physio-fEedback and Exercise pRogram (PEER): A Pilot Study.

1) examine the preliminary effectiveness of the Physio-feEdback and Exercise pRogram (PEER) for shifting maladaptive to adaptive fall risk appraisal and reducing fall risk, 2) determine the partici...
A Time for Everything: Reflections on the Changing Seasons

We find the idea that seasons change or there is a time and place for everything in ancient proverbs, in the Old Testament, or even in a popular song from the 1960s (i.e., "Turn! Turn! Turn!" by The Byrds). As I reflect on life to date or consider life in the future, I often note the patterns of the changing seasons and how everything (both good and bad) seems to have its own time and place.
Physical activity levels and correlates in nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with healthy weight, obesity, and binge-eating disorder.

Objectives This study compared the patterns of moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA) and health conditions in a nationally representative sample of adults categorized with healthy weight (HW) without eating disorder history, obesity without eating disorder history (OB), or current binge-eating disorder (BED) with obesity (BED+OB). Method We used the third National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to compare PA intensity, duration, and their relationships with health indicators in the three groups: HW (n = 11,635), OB (n = 11,056), and BED+OB (n = 110). Results Prevalence of physical inactivity was significantly greater in OB (38.1%) and BED (51.4%) than HW (30.3%). Prevalence of vigorous PA was significantly lower in OB (45.5%) and BED (31.7%) than HW (54.0%). Duration of moderate and vigorous activity per week was significantly shorter in BED+OB than HW and duration of vigorous activity was shorter in OB than HW. Regardless of PA intensity, BED+OB reported poorer physical and mental health than OB and HW. Greater PA intensity and duration were associated with better physical health, particularly in OB. Discussion In this nationally representative study of U.S. adults, obesity was associated with physical inactivity. Comorbid obesity and BED was associated with lower PA levels and poorer health. Particularly among adults with obesity, greater PA intensity was associated with better physical health, and greater duration of PA was associated with better physical and mental health. The findings highlight the importance of screening for BED in addition to obesity status and for promoting PA to improve health in U.S. adults.
Correction to: Thoracic endovascular repair of a rare case of leaking aortic arch intramural hematoma secondary to Giant cell arteritis.

‘In the published article (Salaskar et al. 2019) the statement under the subheading ‘Consent for publication’ is incorrect:
The Proton NMR from Adsorbed H2 and Surface Hydroxyl Groups of Alumina and Molybdena-Alumina Catalysts

Previous work (1) has shown that on hydrogen reduction of 8% molybdena-alumina at 500°C both irreversibly (HI) and reversibly (HR) held hydrogen is introduced into the catalyst. Infrared results showed that removal of HR led to the disappearance of a single hydroxyl group for each molecule of H2 formed, suggesting a heterolytic process (2). These hydroxyl groups and their evolution on pretreatment and reduction have been studied by NMR and the results are summarized herein. In addition, studies were made of the NMR of adsorbed molecular H2. These results represent an attempt to probe the nature of the molybdena-alumina surface further by observing the NMR from ortho-H2 adsorbed at 77K.
Chapter 16 – Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a theoretical rationale and practical suggestions for intervention with teens experiencing alcohol and other drug problems. It presents the theoretical rationale for two different treatment models and presents a case example to illustrate the subject. Two of the key developmental issues that must be considered when treating substance abusers are peer groups and identity formation. Adolescents with substance use problems are a heterogeneous group, with individual differences such as the anticipated effects and consequences resulting from substance use, the context and motivations in which use occurs, and the factors that contribute to or accompany substance use involvement. These differences also help explain the question that some substance-abusing adolescents respond to treatment, while others do not. The cognitive-behavioral and family treatments hold differing perspectives on the development and maintenance of substance use disorders, there is some procedural overlap between family and individual approaches. However, an integrative approach would allow for the flexible use of overlapping therapeutic interventions in a manner that is responsive to the needs of clients. And finally, therapists can schedule family and individual sessions as clinically appropriate to enhance positive outcomes.
Burkitt Lymphomas Evolve to Escape Dependencies on Epstein-Barr Virus

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) can transform B cells and contributes to the development of Burkitt lymphoma and other cancers. Through decades of study, we now recognize that many of the viral genes required to transform cells are not expressed in EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) tumors, likely due to the immune pressure exerted on infected cells. This recognition has led to the hypothesis that the loss of expression of these viral genes must be compensated through some mechanisms. Recent progress in genome-wide mutational analysis of tumors provides a wealth of data about the cellular mutations found in EBV-positive BLs. Here, we review common cellular mutations found in these tumors and consider how they may compensate for the viral genes that are no longer expressed. Understanding these mutations and how they may substitute for EBV's genes and contribute to lymphomagenesis can serve as a launchpad for more mechanistic studies, which will help us navigate the sea of genomic data available today, and direct the discoveries necessary to improve the treatment of EBV-positive BLs.
Classical model of a delayed-choice quantum eraser

Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment was conceived to illustrate the paradoxical nature of wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics. In the experiment, quantum light can exhibit either wavelike interference patterns or particlelike anticorrelations, depending upon the (possibly delayed) choice of the experimenter. A variant known as the quantum eraser uses entangled light to recover the lost interference in a seemingly nonlocal and retrocausal manner. Although it is believed that this behavior is incompatible with classical physics, here we show that, using postselection, the observed quantum phenomena can be reproduced by adopting a simple deterministic detector model and supposing the existence of a random zero-point electromagnetic field.
Regularization-Induced Bias and Consistency in Recursive Least Squares

Within the context of recursive least squares (RLS) parameter estimation, the goal of the present paper is to study the effect of regularization-induced bias on the transient and asymptotic accuracy of the parameter estimates. We consider this question in three stages. First, we consider regression with random data, in which case persistency is guaranteed. Next, we apply RLS to finite-impulse-response (FIR) system identification and, finally, to infinite-impulse-response (IIR) system identification. For each case, we relate the condition number of the regressor matrix to the transient response and rate of convergence of the parameter estimates.
Monochloropropanediol in edible vegetable oils from Hangzhou market in China: occurrence and exposure risk assessment.

In this study, 241 vegetable-oil food samples were collected from the Hangzhou market in China and analysed for fatty acid esters of 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD and 2-MCPD) using non-der...
Chopsticks: A Cultural and Culinary History

1. Introduction 2. Why chopsticks? Their origin and original function 3. Dish, rice or noodle? The changing use of chopsticks 4. Forming a chopsticks cultural sphere: Vietnam, Japan, Korea and beyond 5. Using chopsticks: customs, manners and etiquette 6. A pair inseparable: chopsticks as gift, metaphor and symbol 7. 'Bridging' food cultures in the world Glossary Bibliography Index.
Characterizing Optimal DNS Amplification Attacks and Effective Mitigation

Attackers have used DNS amplification in over 34 % of high-volume DDoS attacks, with some floods exceeding 300 Gbps. The best current practices do not help victims during an attack; they are preventative measures that third-party organizations must employ in advance. Unfortunately, there are no incentives for these third parties to follow the recommendations. While practitioners have focused on reducing the number of open DNS resolvers, these efforts do not address the threat posed by authoritative DNS servers.
Market Reactions to Corporate Restructurings

This article examines the stock price reactions to restructuring announcements by the DJIA 30 corporations over the period 1988–1995 by employing the event study methodology and cross-sectional regression analyses. Corporate restructurings, historically regarded as highly unusual accounting events, became increasingly common after 1987. One probable cause is the discretionary power managers enjoy due to the flexibility allowed by the Accounting Principles and Financial Accounting Standards Boards. Our general findings are that, contrary to contemporary press comments, restructurings, especially those impose a charge against the firm's earnings, are typically associated with negative excess returns. This evidence seems to be consistent with the notion that restructurings reveal unfavorable information of the firm's future performance. Furthermore, the larger the size of the restructuring amount announced in the Wall Street Journal, the more negative the stock price reaction is.
Importance of Facilitated Diffusion for Effective Utilization of Glycerol by Escherichia coli

Wild-type Escherichia coli possesses an inducible permeation system which catalyzes facilitated diffusion of glycerol into the cell. A spectrophotometric method can be used to assess the presence of this mechanism. The structural gene for the facilitator (glpF) and the structural gene for glycerol kinase (glpK) apparently belong to a single operon. The glpF(+) allele permits effective glycerol utilization by the cells, and, at millimolar concentrations of glycerol, cells carrying the glpF(+) allele grow much faster than glpF genotypes. Although the glycerol-scavenging power of the cell depends both on the facilitated entry of the substrate and its subsequent trapping by an adenosine triphosphate-dependent phosphorylation, the two gene products, the facilitator and kinase, function independently. Wild-type Shigella flexneri appears to be glpK(+) but glpF. This organism grows slowly in media at low concentrations of glycerol. When the glpF(+) and glpK(+) alleles of E. coli are inserted into the S. flexneri genome by transduction, the hybrid strain grows rapidly in low glycerol medium. Vice versa, when the glpF and glpK(+) alleles of S. flexneri are incorporated into E. coli, the hybrid strain grows slowly in low glycerol medium.
Performance of Tapered Anvils in a DIA-Type, Cubic-Anvil, High-Pressure Apparatus for X Ray Diffraction Studies

A modified DIA anvil geometry is demonstrated to be able to generate at least 30% higher pressures without sacrificing sample volume. This tapered WC anvil system has less pressure-versus-load hysteresis, is more flexible in varying pressures, and has much lower rate of blowouts and higher thermocouple survival rate. Stress analyses indicate that tapering significantly reduces normal stress in the gasket near the tip of the anvil, thereby making the stress distribution inside the anvil more homogeneous. The same approach may be applicable to sintered diamond anvils.
Projected changes in extreme temperature events based on the NARCCAP model suite

Once-per-year (annual) maximum temperature extremes in North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) models are projected to increase more (less) than mean daily maximum summer temperatures over much of the eastern (western) United States. In contrast, the models almost everywhere project greater warming of once-per-year minimum temperatures as compared to mean daily minimum winter temperatures. Under projected changes associated with extremes of the temperature distribution, Baltimore's maximum temperature that was met or exceeded once per year historically is projected to occur 17 times per season by midcentury, a 28% increase relative to projections based on summer mean daily maximum temperature change. Under the same approach, historical once-per-year cold events in Baltimore are projected to occur once per decade. The models are generally able to capture observed geopotential height anomalies associated with temperature extremes in two subregions. Projected changes in extreme temperature events cannot be explained by geopotential height anomalies or lower boundary conditions as reflected by soil moisture anomalies or snow water equivalent.
FtsZ filament dynamics at steady state: subunit exchange with and without nucleotide hydrolysis.

We have measured three aspects of FtsZ filament dynamics at steady state: rates of GTP hydrolysis, subunit exchange between protofilaments, and disassembly induced by dilution or excess GDP. All three reactions were slowed with an increase in the potassium concentration from 100 to 500 mM, via replacement of potassium with rubidium, or with an increase in the magnesium concentration from 5 to 20 mM. Electron microscopy showed that the polymers assembled under the conditions of fastest assembly were predominantly short, one-stranded protofilaments, whereas under conditions of slower dynamics, the protofilaments tended to associate into long, thin bundles. We suggest that exchange of subunits between protofilaments at steady state involves two separate mechanisms: (1) fragmentation or dissociation of subunits from protofilament ends following GTP hydrolysis and (2) reversible association and dissociation of subunits from protofilament ends independent of hydrolysis. Exchange of nucleotides on these recycling subunits could give the appearance of exchange directly into the polymer. Several of our observations suggest that exchange of nucleotide can take place on these recycling subunits, but not directly into the FtsZ polymer. Annealing of protofilaments was demonstrated for the L68W mutant in EDTA buffer but not in Mg buffer, where rapid cycling of subunits may obscure the effect of annealing. We also reinvestigated the nucleotide composition of FtsZ polymers at steady state. We found that the GDP:GTP ratio was 50:50 for concentrations of GTP > 100 μM, significantly higher than the 20:80 ratio previously reported at 20 μM GTP.
Realizability of Inductive Logic

The basic model is a two-way communication system in which observer O transmits axioms A, interprets received message S* by rules R of a Post normal logic. O's strategy is to generate (applying R to A) derivations S that minimze d(S, S*), subject, among other things, to R being Turing universal. This implies1 that (A, R: S*) are analogs of complementary observables and interaction potential in quantum mechanics. Here they represent words of binary information symbols (±1): R is a dictionary of pairs (gi : ki), which still can be universal with the restriction, length m(gi) = m0. If m? is the maximum of m(ki), then all k words in R are made up to this length by additions of a neutral symbol (O), so that R is an m0-to-m? function fR on the three values (O, ±1), realizable n fold redundantly by a nm0-to-nm probabilistic net with connexion matrices M?ij and thresholds ?j, where ?(m) is random with Poisson distribution. If d(S,S*) is a scalar product, suitable learning algorithm reinforces all connections contributing positively, etc., where input is a current segment of nm0 bits of S*. The quantum condition is realized, essentially, by making Mij periodic in m(S) with period m0.
Therapeutic anticancer efficacy of a synthetic diazonamide analog in the absence of overt toxicity

Blocking cell division through the inhibition of mitosis is one of the most successful clinical strategies for the treatment of cancer. Taxanes and vinca alkaloids are in widespread use and have demonstrated substantive therapeutic efficacy. Both classes of compounds bind directly to tubulin, a structural component of the mitotic spindle. The ubiquitous utilization of tubulin in cell division in both cancerous and normal cells, however, tempers the broad spectrum of activity of currently used antimitotics by significant toxicities in normal dividing tissue. Moreover, peripheral nerve cells that rely on microtubules to shuttle cargo along axonal processes are also damaged by tubulin-binding drugs. Thus, neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy are the most frequently cited dose-limiting toxicities of this class of chemotherapeutics. Here we report the preclinical assessment of AB-5, a structural and functional analog of the natural product diazonamide A. AB-5, like taxanes and vinca alkaloids, blocks cell division during mitosis. However, AB-5 works not by binding tubulin but rather through inhibition of a newly discovered role for ornithine-δ-aminotransferase in mitosis. We hereby report that, unlike other antimitotics, AB-5 is extremely well tolerated by mice when administered under conditions where the drug cures xenografted tumors as effectively as taxanes and vinca alkaloids. AB-5-treated mice show no weight loss, no change in overall physical appearance, and no evidence of neutropenia. These observations raise the possibility that AB-5 may have clinical utility for cancer therapy under conditions largely devoid of chemotherapeutic toxicity and suggest that further preclinical evaluation of AB-5 is warranted.
Rapid Reproductive Analysis and Length-Dependent Relationships of Lutjanus biguttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Papua New Guinea

We describe a simple, inexpensive method for field-based histological analysis of fish gonads, and we used this method to describe the reproductive biology of the small snapper Lutjanus biguttatus from a remote area in Papua New Guinea (i.e., where laboratory equipment is limited and electrical service is lacking). We estimate male L50 at 13 cm FL and female L50 at 17 cm FL. Sex ratio is not significantly different from 1 : 1. There is no evidence for her- maphroditism. Fork length is a linear function of total length, FL = −0.1823 + 0.9647(TL), and weight is a cubic function of fork length, W = 0.0129(FL) 3.0049 . This information was generated during a 2-week period when the majority of our time was occupied by fish surveys. Our analyses were limited by availability of specimens (not processing time); therefore the methods we employed can help fill one of the information voids that preclude life-history-based management of coral-reef fishes.
The prize-collecting generalized steiner tree problem via a new approach of primal-dual schema

In this paper we study the prize-collecting version of the Generalized Steiner Tree problem. To the best of our knowledge, there is no general combinatorial technique in approximation algorithms developed to study the prize-collecting versions of various problems. These problems are studied on a case by case basis by Bienstock et al. [5] by applying an LP-rounding technique which is not a combinatorial approach. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a general combinatorial approach towards solving these problems through novel primal-dual schema (without any need to solve an LP). We fuse the primal-dual schema with Farkas lemma to obtain a combinatorial 3-approximation algorithm for the Prize-Collecting Generalized Steiner Tree problem. Our work also inspires a combinatorial algorithm [19] for solving a special case of Kelly's problem [22] of pricing edges.We also consider the k-forest problem, a generalization of k-MST and k-Steiner tree, and we show that in spite of these problems for which there are constant factor approximation algorithms, the k-forest problem is much harder to approximate. In particular, obtaining an approximation factor better than O(n1/6-e) for k-forest requires substantially new ideas including improving the approximation factor O(n1/3-e) for the notorious densest k-subgraph problem. We note that k-forest and prize-collecting version of Generalized Steiner Tree are closely related to each other, since the latter is the Lagrangian relaxation of the former.
The advantage of avoiding the Armington assumption in multi-region models

Abstract Most computable general equilibrium models that describe interactions between multiple regions employ the so-called Armington assumption that goods that are produced in different regions are imperfect substitutes for each other. The paper describes an alternative algorithm based on the assumption of perfect substitutability that accommodates the observation that each region produces all traded goods. For models with many regions and less-that-perfectly mobile factors, the alternative algorithm greatly reduces convergence time. The algorithm is illustrated by comparing two static multi-region models of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, with and without the Armington assumption. The model without the Armington assumption is then extended to a dynamic 51-region model with agents that have perfect foresight over 6 periods.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(amide‐sulfonamide)s

Novel poly(amide-sulfonamide)s have been prepared by reacting terephthaloyl, isophthaloyl, and sebacoyl chloride with variously substituted dianilines containing preformed sulfonamide linkages. Inherent viscosities of the prepared polymers ranged from 0.19 to 0.58 dL/g. Despite low apparent viscosities, the polymers had film forming properties. Clear, tough, flexible films were obtained from the prepared polymers, in particular the poly(terephthalamide-sulfonamide)s. Glass transition temperatures, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, ranged from 84 to 247°C. Thermogravimetric analyses of the polymers showed that they have moderate thermal stability with weight losses ranging from 12 to 35% at 350°C.
High device yield carbon nanotube NFETs for high-performance logic applications

We present the first analysis of device yield and material composition for several low work-function metal contacts to carbon nanotubes (CNT), including the first demonstration of high-performance n-channel field-effect transistors (NFET) from erbium (Er) and lanthanum (La). Our results indicate drastic improvement in NFET yield by appropriate metal selection and optimization of deposition conditions.
Severing your lifeline: the impact of neuropsychiatric conditions after left ventricular assist device implantation.

A 47-year-old female with a history of peripartum cardiomyopathy and HeartMate-II LVAD (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA) implantation presented with a broken driveline associated with foul smelling discharge. The LVAD was implanted three years ago at an outside institution and her pre-implant psychosocial evaluation revealed stable mood, normal cognition, and appropriate family support. She had a chronic driveline infection and eighteen months after implantation she suffered an ischemic stroke. She experienced psychosocial problems: mild depression, financial stressors, and divorce. She progressively became non-compliant with her medications (lisinopril, metoprolol, aspirin, and warfarin) and follow-up. She had cut the driveline two weeks prior to presentation to our center as she was “fed up with it and no longer needed it” (Fig. 1A). On examination she had Broca’s aphasia and rightsided hemiparesis consistent with her prior left middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain CT showed old infarcts and encephalomalacia (Fig. 1B). Transesophageal echocardiography revealed absence of flow in the LVAD conduit (Fig. 1C). Psychosocial and psychiatric evaluation revealed post-stroke labile mood with personality changes, bipolar disorder, and psychotic traits on Aid to Capacity Evaluation. She had euphoric mood and tangential speech with a disorganized thought process. Cognition was impaired with a Mini Mental State Exam score of 19/30 and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score of 19/30. She responded favorably to risperidone but poor insight persisted. A multidisciplinary team recommended explant of the nonfunctioning LVAD, which she refused. Therefore, she was Amit Badiye1, Jerson Munoz-Mendoza2, Sandra V. Chaparro1
Effect of nitroglycerin-induced reduction of left ventricular filling pressure on diastolic filling in acute dilated heart failure

Recent information has suggested that early diastolic filling may be influenced by the left ventricular filling pressure, especially in the failing left ventricle. Acute severe left ventricular dysfunction was induced in 14 dogs by severe left ventricular global ischemia produced by left main coronary artery microsphere embolization until the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. To assess the importance of left ventricular filling pressure on left ventricular diastolic filling, nitroglycerin was infused and titrated to reduce left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to less than 15 mm Hg in seven dogs, whereas the remaining seven dogs were observed for 1 h after acute severe left ventricular dysfunction. In both groups of dogs, severe left ventricular dysfunction resulted in left ventricular dilation and elevation of end-diastolic pressure, reduction in area ejection fraction (echocardiographically determined) and an early redistribution of diastolic filling (increased filling fractions at one-third and one-half diastole) despite prolongation of the time constant of left ventricular pressure decline. Pressure-area plots shifted upward and rightward with severe left ventricular dysfunction and were unchanged at 1 h as were all other variables. Nitroglycerin infusion reduced left ventricular size and filling pressure, redistributed diastolic filling to later in diastole as characterized by reduced filling fraction at one-third diastole (left ventricular dysfunction 48.8 +/- 9.7%, nitroglycerin 17.9 +/- 7.9%, p less than 0.001) and shifted downward left ventricular pressure-area plots. Nitroglycerin also improved the time constant of relaxation (left ventricular dysfunction 83 +/- 15 ms, nitroglycerin 52 +/- 15 ms, p less than 0.001) and lengthened the diastolic filling period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predicted properties of the uniaxially incommensurate phase of N 2 monolayers on graphite

A Monte Carlo calculation and an analytic model calculation are used to determine the properties of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ monolayers on graphite at surface densities \ensuremath{\rho} just above that of the 2 \ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 commensurate ground state, with \ensuremath{\rho}=1. At densities 1.006 75\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.0563 it is established that a nonuniform, striped, uniaxial incommensurate, in-plane herringbone phase is thermodynamically stable, and there is evidence that this state may continuously evolve toward the commensurate phase as \ensuremath{\rho} approaches unity, encumbered only by the physical size of the monolayer domains. The width of the uniaxial incommensurate stripes appears to be independent of density and the lattice parameters and molecular orientations in the stripes are consistent with broadly determined experimental values. At densities \ensuremath{\rho}g1.05 the stripes become poorly defined and a modulation around commensurate lattice points of an otherwise uniform uniaxial incommensurate structure occurs. It is speculated that mass-density waves may be supported by this system.
Science reporting in Accra, Ghana: sources, barriers and motivational factors.

In Ghana, as in many other developing countries, most science reporting is done by general reporters. However, few studies have investigated science reporting in such a situation. To understand bet...
Isokinetic pull-up strength profiles of men and women in different working posture

This paper presents isokinetic (dynamic) strength profiles of males and females, engaged in infrequent force exertion, in 15 different working postures. The postures investigated ranged from kneeling to standing and involved both one-handed and two-handed exertions. The results indicated that both males and females exert maximum pull-up force with two hands in the stooped posture. Least force was exerted with the preferred hand at reach distance, in the sagittal plane (arm fully extended), in the sitting posture. As expected, large differences existed in the force exertion capability of males and females.
2 Laser in der Otologie

Das dauernde Bestreben, die chirurgischen Techniken in der Otologie zu vervollkommnen, basiert auf dem Wunsch, die kritischen Momente dieser Eingriffe, und damit insbesondere die Gefahren fur das Innenohr, zu minimieren. Durch eine prazise und kontrollierte Gewebebearbeitung mit dem Laserstrahl soll eine Optimierung der Technik der konventionellen Operationen erreicht werden. In diesem Referat werden die verschiedenen Indikationen fur den beruhrungslosen Einsatz des Lasers im auseren Gehorgang, am Trommelfell, im Mittel- und Innenohr abgehandelt und die chirurgischen Techniken bei Verwendung unterschiedlicher Wellenlangen unter Herausstellung der jeweils geeigneten diskutiert. So ist der Laser aus der Stapeschirurgie sowohl bei Erst- als auch bei Revisionsoperationen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Daruber hinaus stellen die chronische hyperplastische Schleimhauteiterung, das Cholesteatom, die Tympanosklerose, die Hammerkopffixation, der Adhasivprozess, die Gehorgangsexostosen in Trommelfellnahe und nicht zuletzt die vaskularen Lasionen des Mittelohres eine weitere Indikation fur den Lasereinsatz dar. Insbesondere in der Revisionschirurgie ermoglicht der Laser nicht selten erst einen - konventionell instrumentell nicht mehr durchfuhrbaren - operativen Eingriff. Der Lasereinsatz am Trommelfell in der operativen Therapie von Ventilationsstorungen des Mittelohres, zur transtympanalen Tympanoskopie und Behandlung von Perforationen stellen weitere, ambulant durchfuhrbare Verfahren dar. Beim Einsatz am Innenohr wird die Behandlung peripher-vestibularer Storungen sowie des Tinnitus und sensorineuraler Horstorungen diskutiert. Abschliesend wird auf die Bedeutung des Lasers in der Chirurgie des Akustikusneurinoms eingegangen.
Prophylaxis against hypocalcemia in low-birth-weight infants requiring bicarbonate infusion

Forty-eight low-birth-weight infants with varying degrees of respiratory distress were studied with respectto serum calcium concentration and urinary calcium excretion. Serum calcium decreased over the 24-hour study period in infants who did not receive calcium infusion. The decrease was greater in those receiving bicarbonate therapy for acidosis. Continuous calcium infusion at 1 mg/kg/hr sustained relatively normal serum calcium concentration, even in those infants who required bicarbonate. Since the changes in estimated extracellular calcium could not be accounted for by urinary excretion, a shift of calcium into bone was postulated.
Mechanical sensitivity reveals evolutionary dynamics of mechanical systems

A classic question in evolutionary biology is how form–function relationships promote or limit diversification. Mechanical metrics, such as kinematic transmission (KT) in linkage systems, are useful tools for examining the evolution of form and function in a comparative context. The convergence of disparate systems on equivalent metric values (mechanical equivalence) has been highlighted as a source of potential morphological diversity under the assumption that morphology can evolve with minimal impact on function. However, this assumption does not account for mechanical sensitivity—the sensitivity of the metric to morphological changes in individual components of a structure. We examined the diversification of a four-bar linkage system in mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda), and found evidence for both mechanical equivalence and differential mechanical sensitivity. KT exhibited variable correlations with individual linkage components, highlighting the components that influence KT evolution, and the components that are free to evolve independently from KT and thereby contribute to the observed pattern of mechanical equivalence. Determining the mechanical sensitivity in a system leads to a deeper understanding of both functional convergence and morphological diversification. This study illustrates the importance of multi-level analyses in delineating the factors that limit and promote diversification in form–function systems.
Cryogenic target design considerations for the production of [18F]fluoride from enriched [18O]carbon dioxide.

Abstract Four cryogenic target designs are described for the production of fluorine-18 in the chemical form of fluoride using oxygen-18-enriched carbon dioxide gas utilizing the 18 O(p,n) 18 F nuclear reaction. The targets are conical in shape and made of copper or silver and the carbon dioxide is frozen into the cone at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Three of the targets (2 copper and 1 silver) have four cooling fins extending radially and are different lengths, and one target has only a single heat sink at the rear of the cone. The targets with four cooling fins could be run with 17.4 MeV protons incident on the target material at a beam current of 25 μA with no detectable volatilization of the target material, although yields did decrease slightly when compared with lower current runs. The target with the single cooling block showed volatilization at about 8 μA. The two copper targets of different lengths did not show a difference in the volatilization of the target material at the beam current limit of our cyclotron (25 μA). The shorter target did maintain production with a lower amount of gas frozen into the target, while the longer target maintained production at higher beam currents. Targets of this type are compatible with low energy, high current accelerators because very thin windows may be used.
SU-FF-T-268: Implementation of Good Laboratory Practice Standards for Improving Dosimetry in Radiobiology Lab

Purpose: Accuracy of radiation dosimetry in radiobiology lab needs to be improved so that the results can be reproduced at different labs and translated into clinic. In this work we establish dosimetry procedures and improve accuracy of radiation delivery in a radiobiology lab based on the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) requirements. Method and Materials: GLP guidelines and AAPM protocols were used to collect dosimetry data and to establish dosimetry procedures for routine quality assurance and for documenting delivery dose. A radiation field analyzer (Scanditronix) was used to characterize x‐ray beams produced by a Pantak HF320 orthovoltage system in the Radiobiology lab of the Medical College of Wisconsin. The relative dosimetry data were measured with an ionization chamber suitable for the kilovoltage x‐rays. A software method was developed to generate 3D isodose distributions. The absolute dosimetry measurements were performed using a Farmer ionization chamber calibrated in a standard dosimetry lab. The absolute doses were determined using the AAPM TG‐61 protocol. The QA procedures were established according to the GLP standards and based on AAPM TG‐40 protocol. Results: Accurate relative dosimetry data including depth doses, profiles, and isodose distributions for a variety of energies, filters, collimators and source‐to‐surface distances were obtained. Isodose distributions were generated for various opposite parallel fields irradiating phantoms with different thicknesses. Absolute doses were determined for a series of irradiation situations. These data facilitated accurate planning of animal irradiations and documentation of the delivered doses. Periodic QA procedures were established. Conclusion: We have collected essential dosimetry data and have established procedures for routine QA and dose documentation under the GLP standards. Thereby we improved the dosimetry in the Radiobiology lab to the level seen in the clinical setting. This work will facilitate accurate dose delivery, reproducibility of the results, and direct transfer of animal data into the clinic.
COMPARING TRAFFIC-NOISE MODEL ACCURACY USING STATE-SPECIFIC EMISSION DATA

In September 1999, the writers began a study for the Arizona Department of Transportation to develop Arizona-specific Reference Energy Mean Emission Levels. This study was conducted to determine if the noise emission characteristics of Arizona highway vehicles are statistically different from those contained in the national database used in the Federal Highway Administration's traffic noise model (TNM). The findings of the study confirmed statistical differences. The component of the study reported in this paper relates to the effects of those differences on equivalent noise levels predicted by the current model program, STAMINA 2.0/OPTIMA, and by TNM. Results show an average decrease in overprediction by STAMINA 2.0/OPTIMA from 3.2 to 1.1 dBA. For TNM, the average decrease in overprediction was from 4.3 to 3.0 dBA. These improvements in noise prediction accuracy have major implications for environmental planning, especially in urban areas.
Geotechnical sampling and testing of gas-charged marine sediments atin situ pressures

Gas-charged marine sediments were sampled using a pressure core barrel and a new technique involving standard wireline sampling procedures. Pressure core barrel sampling provides sediments atin situ pressures with no degassing. Analysis of gas content, geotechnical properties and microfabric were performed for samples atin situ pressures and compared with degassed results. Methane concentrations ranged from 3,450 to 137,140 ppm for pressurized samples. Microfabric analyses reveal highly nonoriented clay particles and grains in degassed samples. Degassing of these methane-rich sediments increases porosities and compression indices, while reducing undrained shear strengths and computed preconsolidation pressures.
Identification of compounds that inhibit the kinase activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2.

Abstract Mutations in leucine-repeat rich kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) are the most common known cause of late-onset Parkinson’s disease. In this study, a novel system to purify active recombinant LRRK2 expressed in mammalian cells was generated. This recombinant enzyme was used to characterize the specificity of LRRK2 and identify small compounds that can inhibit the kinase activity. Recombinant LRRK2 was shown to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate MBP and a peptide (LRRKtide) corresponding to the T688 site in moesin. A series of well-characterized kinase peptide substrates was not modified by LRRK2 demonstrating remarkable specificity. G2019S, the most common disease-causing mutation in LRRK2, increased kinase activity more dramatically than previously appreciated (∼10-fold). Several small molecules sharing a basic indolocarbazole structure (Go6976, K-252a, and staurosporine) where identified as potent inhibitors of LRRK2 kinase activity. These findings provide important insights and tools to study the mechanisms of LRRK2 pathobiology, and could lead to therapeutic applications.
Lisinopril versus lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension

The efficacy of a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, used alone (group A) was compared with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide (group B) in 26 patients with essential hypertension. Therapy with both regimens was equally effective in lowering blood pressure compared to placebo. Mean antihypertensive dose of lisinopril was lower when given in combination with hydrochlorothiazide than when given alone (48 +/- 6 vs 68 +/- 12 mg daily). Plasma renin activity increased in both groups of patients, but more in group B (p less than 0.05). Plasma aldosterone concentrations and serum uric acid levels were also higher in the group receiving lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide (p less than 0.05). Serum potassium concentrations were unaffected in either group. The incidence of side effects was similar in groups A and B (44% and 38%, respectively). This study suggests that lisinopril alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide effectively lowers blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension without any major side effects.
Multivariate selection of AFLP markers associated with β-carotene in sweetpotatoes

A population that consisted of F1 half-sibs and their parents was replicated in field plantings to generate roots to identify AFLP molecular markers and compare statistical models for selection of trait-linked markers using β-carotene content as the grouping variable. Genotypes were grouped into high and low β-carotene classes based on hierarchical cluster analysis. Association parameters between the high and low phenotypic classes of β-carotene and molecular marker profiles were made using logistic regression and discriminant analysis. Logistic regression selected 8 markers less that were associated with β-carotene content compared to discriminant analysis. Further analysis showed that logistic regression achieved 100% correct classification with the 9 markers selected compared to 17 markers that were required by discriminant analysis thus making logistic regression more efficient than discriminant analysis. Logistic regression based on Frequentist hypothesis testing differs from Bayesian based discriminant analysis. This difference may account for the percent correct classification observed.
Polypropylene fibers melt-spun in the presence of torsional shear

Melt-spun fibers of isotactic polypropylene have been formed using specific combinations of shearing and elongational flow. Such rheological conditions were achieved with a take-up device capable of subjecting molten polymer filaments continuously to various combinations of torsional and elongational strains. Relationships were determined between mechanical properties of the resulting fibers and their molecular organizations. The results obtained indicated that these flow fields would produce fibers whose mean-preferred-chain-orientation directions ranged between being tilted radially from a direction parallel with the fiber axis (no torsional shear strain imposed) and having some additional tilt that is tangential with respect to the fiber circumference (some torsional shear strain imposed). It is not possible to resolve the observed helical chain tilts into contributions from crystalline and amorphous regions, respectively.