cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the α1D-Adrenergic Receptor Gene by RNA interference (RNAi) in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and its effects on other adrenergic receptors

Sympathetic-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by various adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes located on membranes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) located on the arterial wall, but is mostly attributed to activation of the alpha(1D)-AR. In order to study interaction and cross-talk among AR genes, we induced post-transcriptional silencing of the alpha(1D)-AR gene in cultured VSMC using the RNAi technique. A pSEC neo expression plasmid vector containing a small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence selected to bind to the targeted mRNA of the alpha(1D)-AR gene was transfected into cultured VSMC from rat aorta. The RNA expression of all AR-subtype genes was assessed by Q-RT-PCR and the alpha(1D) and alpha(2A)-AR proteins quantified by Western blot. In siRNA-transfected cells, the alpha(1D)-AR protein levels decreased by 55%, 69% and 75% at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively (p<0.03-0.01) with progressive increases in its gene expression by 50%-61% and concurrent increase in alpha(2A)-AR protein peaking at 48 h. Decreases were noted in expression of the alpha(1A), alpha(2A), and beta(3) AR genes. We conclude that post-transcriptional silencing of the alpha(1D)-AR gene leads to significant decrease in receptor protein despite reactive increase in gene expression. However, suppression of one AR leads to reactive changes in other subtypes, indicating that cross-talk among related genes, whose products have overlapping functions, may partly offset anticipated effects in vivo.
False-Negative PET Scan With Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: An Important Diagnostic Caveat

Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming widely accepted as a powerful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of lung cancer, but it has very poor sensitivity for the detection of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and adenocarcinoma with BAC pattern, the less common form of pulmonary neoplasia. We present a case of a patient with a negative PET scan who might have been followed by observation but was found to have bronchioloalveolar carcinoma at thoracotomy. PET has a reported sensitivity of over 98% in most series but misses almost two-thirds of BAC lesions, which might delay invasive testing and early diagnosis of this potentially lethal cancer. Although this diagnostic limitation has been well reported in the radiology literature, the high reported sensitivity and sensitivity can give clinicians a false sense of security with negative PET scans of lung nodules. The usual risk factors for bronchogenic carcinoma are less reliable for these subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer; thus, clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion for BAC and exercise caution when making decisions on the basis of PET.
Gene products which play a role in cancer invasion and metastasis

Invasion requires a number of distinct tumor cell interactions with host tissue, beginning with attachment to the matrix, followed by hydrolysis of matrix material and locomotion. Gene products which may be involved in these steps are discussed here. Laminin receptors and integrins have roles in the adhesion phase, while certain collagenases are prominent among the matrix-degrading enzymes. Autocrine motility factors, distinct from growth factors, appear to be involved in tumor cell locomotion. Finally, certain oncogenes, partricularly of theras family, are closely related with metastatic potential. A detailed understanding of the molecular biology of invasion and metastasis could ultimately lead to specific means of interfering with or even reversing these malignant processes.
Creep Behavior of Nickel-Copper Solid Solution Alloys below 0. 55 Tm

In two recent creep studies of inhomogeneous nickelcopper solid solution alloys,i.e. cast weld metal with solidification-induced composition gradients[1] and nickelcopper laminate composites with controlled composition gradients across the layers,[2] the creep rates at an intermediate temperature (500 °C) were shown to decrease with an increase in homogenization. The creep behavior in inhomogeneous alloy systems reflects the composite effects of position-dependent creep properties as controlled by solid solution alloy content. To utilize composite modeling techniques in creep analyses of materials with composition gradients, creep data of homogeneous materials as a function of alloy content are required. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the creep behavior of nickel-copper solid solution alloys at intermediate temperatures and to provide a base set of data to evaluate the effect of gradients described above.[1,2]
(In)visibility in lesbian and gay student organizing: the case of gay student services

Drawing on newspaper, movement correspondence, and interview data, I examine the (in)visibility of a lesbian and gay student group, Gay Student Services (GSS), in a hostile university campus in Texas from the mid-1970s through the 1980s. GSS formed to create a safe space for sexual minorities at Texas A&M University (TAMU) and asked university officials to recognize the group officially. TAMU's resistance to their request forced GSS to file a lawsuit to achieve recognition. Using interviews with past members and archival data, such as newspapers and movement correspondence, I examine how GSS utilized (in)visibility to navigate the hostile environment. By controlling their (in)visibility, GSS members protected the organization from scrutiny and protect members' safety.
Bridging the gap between cognitive and neuropsychological conceptualizations of reading disability

Abstract The cognitive and neuropsychological approaches to reading disability are compared and contrasted, with attention given to the strengths and weaknesses of each. Recommendations for bridging the gap between these different traditions are offered and illustrated with preliminary analyses from an ongoing cross-sectional multivariate study of reading development. The recommended approach utilizes quantitative, continuous variables rather than qualitative subtypes. The position is taken that although reading problems are caused by language-based deficits, not all language domains carry equal weight in learning to read. Further, it may be necessary to consider how many domains are deficient and the weighting of each of those domains in predicting whether a child will be reading disabled.
Minimum-phase-based inverse scattering method applied to IPS008

We discuss an approach to solving the inverse scattering problem using homomorphic filtering and the difficulties that have been experienced in the past in trying to implement it in practice. Solving this problem has important consequences for a number of imaging and remote sensing problems as well as structure-synthesis problems. We show that the problem reduces to one of needing to preprocess the measured data in order that the nonlinear filtering succeeds and gives meaningful recontstructions. We discuss the steps taht have to be taken to achieve this and show that a sufficient condition to obtain a solution is that the data-derived function to be filtered is made close to a minimum phase function. This minimum-phase property is well understood in one dimensional problems but less so in two or higher dimensions. Another significant practical issue is that for inverse scattering problems, in contrast to inverse synthesis problems, only limited noisy data are available from which to compute the structure. These factors are discussed and we note that solving the inverse scattering problem immediately provides a solution to the inverse synthesis problem.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Src family kinase gene targets during myeloid differentiation: identification of the EGR-1 gene as a direct target.

Src family kinase gene targets during myeloid differentiation: identification of the EGR-1 gene as a direct target
Gas Exchange and Water Relations in Diploid and Tetraploid Russian Wildrye

Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski] is a drought tolerant, cool-season forage grass used in seeded pastures in the Northern Great Plains where water often limits production. Seedling vigor is generally poor in diploid cultivars, but tetraploid germplasm has improved seedling vigor. Objectives of this study were to determine the relationships between water-use efficiency (WUE), carbon isotope discrimination (CID), and gas exchange rates for a diploid cultivar (Vinall) and a tetraploid entry over 3 yr, two water treatments (50 and 150% of mean monthly precipitation), and two fertilizer rates (10 and 134 kg N ha - 1 ) in a rain shelter. The tetraploid entry exhibited higher carbon exchange rate (CER), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (T) than the diploid entry at the 50% but not the 150% water treatment. Leaf water potentials (LWP) were 0.6 and 0.3 MPa less negative for the tetraploid entry than diploid entry at the 50 and 150% water treatment, respectively. Values of CER averaged 12.4 and 14.2 μmol m 2 s -1 , T averaged 5.2 and 6.0 mmol m 2 s 1 , and gs averaged 0.21 and 0.28 mol m 2 s -1 for the diploid and tetraploid entry, respectively. The diploid entry had a significantly greater CID, averaging 20.37‰ compared with 19.65‰ for the tetraploid entry and CID was negatively associated with WUE. The more favorable plant water relations, gas exchange, and dry matter production under limited soil water suggests tetraploid populations of Russian wildrye should be emphasized in future breeding and management programs.
Health Education in the Border Corridor

Despite closely maintained familial connections and cultural traditions, the Hispanic population spanning the United States-Mexico border has diverged sharply from its traditional infant feeding practices. Successive reports document a trend away from the long-established cultural pattern of breast-feeding among Hispanic mothers. At the same time, World Health Organization reports have stimulated greater awareness among health care professionals of the positive impact of breast-feeding on infant health rates in Third World countries. This paper describes a multistage project undertaken by a binational team of nursing professionals and an anthropologist. Project goals were to research, design, and implement a mode of intervention which would encourage better management of infant feeding and which could be clinically applied on both the Mexican and U.S. sides of the international border.
Memory effects and thermodynamics in strong field plasmas

We study the evolution of a strong field plasma using a quantum Vlasov equation with a non-Markovian source term and a simple collision term, and calculate the time dependence of the energy and number density, and the temperature. The evolution of a plasma produced with BNL RHIC-like initial conditions is well described by a low density approximation to the source term. However, non-Markovian aspects should be retained to obtain an accurate description of the early stages of a CERN LHC-like plasma. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
The metal-to-ligand charge-transfer luminescences of ruthenium(II)-polypyridine-tetraam(m)ine complexes. Support for the interconvertibility of optical and thermal (kinetic) Franck-Condon parameters.

This is the first report of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) emission spectra of the bis-ethylenediamine− and tetraammine−bipyridineruthenium(II) complexes. The emission maxima occur at 800 and 840 nm, respectively, at 77 K in DMSO/H2O glasses. The MLCT excited states of these complexes have short lifetimes (less than 50 ns), and as a consequence, the emission intensities are very small. The energies of the emission maxima are very close to those expected on the basis of the difference in reduction potentials of the metal and ligand (ΔE1/2) and the values of the reorganizational free energies (χr) of the vertical transitions estimated from the electron-transfer self-exchange reactions of the complexes (hνmax(em) ≅ FΔE1/2 − χr, where F is Faraday's constant). The low energy of the emissions is in large part a consequence of the substantial contributions of the reorganizational free energies.
Innovative tin electrolyte combining high technical standards with significant cost saving potentials

A new MSA based, fluoroborate-free and foam reduced pure tin electrolyte, Niveostan ™*, has been developed to combine excellent technical performance with significant cost saving potentials. It consists of one additive only which can be easily analyzed by UV. The additive includes already an anti-oxidant to suppress the Sn (IV) formation during processing.The electrolyte provides a unique deposit that exhibits, due to smooth morphology and the large crystal grain size, a lower tendency to whisker formation compared to other electrolytes. In a FIB study this morphology as well as the intermetallic phase creation has been investigated on copper base materials.
A Chimeric RNA Characteristic of Rhabdomyosarcoma in Normal Myogenesis Process

Gene fusions and their chimeric products are common features of neoplasia. Given that many cancers arise by the dysregulated recapitulation of processes in normal development, we hypothesized that comparable chimeric gene products may exist in normal cells. Here, we show that a chimeric RNA, PAX3–FOXO1 , identical to that found in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, is transiently present in cells undergoing differentiation from pluripotent cells into skeletal muscle. Unlike cells of rhabdomyosarcoma, these cells do not seem to harbor the t(2;13) chromosomal translocation. Importantly, both PAX3–FOXO1 RNA and protein could be detected in the samples of normal fetal muscle. Overexpression of the chimera led to continuous expression of MYOD and MYOG—two myogenic markers that are overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Our results are consistent with a developmental role of a specific chimeric RNA generated in normal cells without the corresponding chromosomal rearrangement at the DNA level seen in neoplastic cells presumably of the same lineage. Significance: A chimeric fusion RNA, PAX3–FOXO1 , associated with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, is also present in normal non-cancer cells and tissues. Its transient expression nature and the absence of t(2;13) chromosomal translocation are consistent with a posttranscriptional mechanism. When constantly expressed, PAX3–FOXO1 interfered with the muscle differentiation process, which presumably contributes to tumorigenesis. Cancer Discov; 3(12); 1394–1403. ©2013 AACR . This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, [p. 1317][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/3/1317?iss=12
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Shell Membrane Amino Acids from Hard-Shelled, Soft-Shelled, and Shell-Less Eggs

Abstract The amino acid composition of shell membranes from hard-shelled (HS), soft-shelled (SS), and shell-less (SL) eggs produced by 62-wk-old hens was analyzed by gas chromatography using N-acetyl n-propyl ester derivatives. This technique succeeded in identifying tryptophane and ornithine as shell membrane components. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of any of the 17 amino acids analyzed among HS and SS eggs, HS and SL eggs, or SS and SL eggs. Stepwise discriminant analysis of the amino acid ratios correctly classified all of the amino acid chromatograms of shell membranes from HS/SL and SS/SL egg pairs, and 92.9% of the HS/SS and 90.0% of the HS/SS/SL amino acid chromatograms were classified correctly (F = 1.0). Higher F values reduced the percentage of correct classifications to 75.0%, 85.0%, and 67.5% (F = 2.0) for the HS/SL, SS/SL, and HS/SS/SL egg groups, respectively, and to 78.6% (F = 3.0) for the HS/SS egg group. Stepwise discriminant analysis also identified specific amino acid ratios that were most efficient at classifying the amino acid chromatograms according to shell type. This process identified three amino acid ratios for the HS/SS egg group (F = 3.0), two ratios for the HS/SL egg group, four ratios for the SS/SL egg group, and four ratios for the HS/SS/SL egg group (F = 2.0). Based on the number of times they appeared as efficient discriminating variables at higher F values, alanine, proline, and isoleucine seemed to be the most important amino acids for correctly classifying shell membranes by egg type.
Ocular Adnexal Monoclonal Lymphoid Tumors with a Favorable Prognosis

Abstract Fourteen patients with well- or intermediately differentiated monoclonal B-lymphocyec tumors of the conjunctiva or orbit had a favorable prognosis with follow-ups of 4 to 9 years (mean and median, 7.5 years). The lesions were, for the most part, diffuse proliferations of small lymphocytes, either with round or minimally indented nuclear outlines. Mitotic activity was sparse to nonexistent; occasionally there were scattered small abortive or residual germinal centers, and some lesions exhibited lymphoplasmacytoid features and dispersed multinucleated giant cells (polykaryocytes). None of the six patients with conjuncttval lesions had extraocular manifestations. An identical tumor of the submandibular gland developed in one of eight patients with orbital lesions and another patient had multiple extranodal involvements of the oropharynx, liver, and both kidneys, but after chemotherapy the patient has survived for 8 years from orbital presentation and is currently in remission. The authors believe that these low-grade tumors share many biologic resemblances to extranodal lymphoepithelial tumors of other organs (lung, gut, parotid, thyroid), which as a group have been aggregated together as mucosa-associated lymphoid tumors (MALT) and which can often remain localized to their sites of origin.
Nasopulmonary Mechanics-Experimental Evidence of the Influence of the Upper Airway Upon the Lower

Nasal obstruction from whatever source, anatomic or infectious, causes measurably increased lower airway resistance. This has been verified by, (1) establishment of control groups of normal subjects for each of our successive studies, (2) oral and nasal measurements of pulmonary function in subjects with nasal and laryngeal obstruction, with postoperative observation, in some cases, for evaluation of changes in respiratory mechanics following corrective surgery, (3) establishment of baseline measurements of normal and abnormal pulmonary function in the human, (4) partitioning of total pulmonary resistance in the human and dog, and (5) long term observation of various types of surgically created nasal obstruction, as well as induced inflammation of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in dogs, in order to study the effect of these conditions upon the function or mechanics of the lower airway.
A reduced model approach to estimation and control of a Kamyr digester

A fundamental nonlinear model of the Kamyr digester is developed as an extension of the original Purdue model. This model is linearized and reduced using Hankel-norm approximation to obtain a low order linear model. The reduced linear model is used for linear model predictive control (LMPC) with state estimation to control the Kappa number, a key product quality variable for the Kamyr digester. The use of the nonlinear model for past input contribution in MPC with state estimation and the reduced linear model for future predictions is also demonstrated in a nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC) scheme. The performance of the two MPC structures for setpoint tracking and unmeasured disturbance rejection are compared.
Platelet-derived growth factor BB mediated regulation of 12-lipoxygenase in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells.

Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF) is a potent mitogen and chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In the present study, we have examined the effects of PDGF on the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway of arachidonate metabolism in porcine aortic VSMC (PVSMC). The rationale for this is previous studies showing that LO products have growth and chemotactic effects in VSMC and that another VSMC growth factor, angiotensin II, is a potent positive regulator of 12-LO activity and expression. We observed that PDGF causes a significant increase in the formation of the 12-LO product, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in PVSMC. In addition, PDGF also markedly increased leukocyte-type 12-LO messenger RNA and protein expression. PDGF-induced PVSMC migration was inhibited significantly by two LO blockers but not by a cyclooxygenase blocker. Furthermore, although the proliferative effects of PDGF on PVSMC were not altered by cell culture under hyperglycemic conditions (25 mM glucose, HG), the chemotactic effects of PDGF as well as those of 10% fetal calf serum were significantly greater in cells cultured in HG as compared to normal glucose conditions (5.5 mM), thus indicating a potential new mechanism for the accelerated cardiovascular disease usually observed in diabetes. These results indicate a novel mechanism for the biological effects of PDGF in leading to cardiovascular disease. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Learning linear threshold approximations using perceptrons

We demonstrate sufficient conditions for polynomial learnability of suboptimal linear threshold functions using perceptrons. The central result is as follows. Suppose there exists a vector w*, of n weights (including the threshold) with “accuracy” 1 − α, “average error” η, and “balancing separation” σ, i.e., with probability 1 − α, w* correctly classifies an example x; over examples incorrectly classified by w*, the expected value of |w* · x| is η (source of inaccuracy does not matter); and over a certain portion of correctly classified examples, the expected value of |w* · x| is σ. Then, with probability 1 − δ, the perceptron achieves accuracy at least 1 − [∊ + α(1 + η/σ)] after O[n∊−2σ−2(ln 1/δ)] examples.
Epidermal browning of saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea) : is it new or related to direction?

Abstract Browning of epidermal surfaces of saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea) is associated with premature death of the species in the northern Sonoran Desert. Analyses of authentic historical photographs of mature saguaros from 1903 to 1987 demonstrated a significant (1) loss of spines, (2) decrease in apparently healthy crests, and (3) increased trough barking over the period. All three of these changes occurred to saguaros of over 115 years of age at a projected rate of 4–5% per decade. Analyses of epidermal characteristics of saguaros at the Saguaro National Monument were performed to determine if epidermal browning was related to compass direction. Results show that both scaling and barking of crests and troughs and loss of spines, all symptoms of epidermal browning, were 10 times higher on southern exposures (between 140 and 220°) compared with northern exposures (between 320 and 40°). The two troughs of a crest were evaluated separately. The results demonstrated that injury to one trough of a crest could be as much as four times greater than that of the second trough.
Mechanical Properties of the Glenohumeral Capsule Change With Simulated Injury

The glenohumeral joint suffers more dislocations than any other joint, most of which occur in the anterior direction. The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) is the primary restraint to these dislocations and as a result experiences the highest strains during these events. [1] Injuries to the capsule following dislocation include permanent tissue deformation that increases joint mobility and contributes to recurrent instability. [2] This deformation can be quantified by measuring nonrecoverable strain. [3] Simulated injury of the capsule results in permanently elongated tissue and nonrecoverable strain. Current surgical repair techniques are subjective and may not fully address all capsular tissue pathologies resulting from dislocation. Surgeons typically repair the injured capsule by plicating the stretched-out tissue; however, these techniques are inadequate with 23% of patients needing an additional repair. [4] Quantitative data on the changes in the biomechanical properties of the capsule following dislocation may help to predict the amount of capsular tissue to plicate for restoring normal stability. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify changes in stiffness and material properties of the AB-IGHL tissue sample following simulated injury (creation of nonrecoverable strain).Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Death due to asthma

ABSTRACT The prevalence and fatality rate of asthma have increased worldwide. Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of asthma are central to the occurrence of fatal asthma. Atopy is the principal risk factor associated with asthma. However, consideration of the epidemiologic, physiologic, pharmacologic, pathologic and clinical parameters of asthma assessment may provide valuable insight into death due to asthma. Psychologic and socioeconomic factors may further aggravate the asthma status. Ethnic minorities are at increased risk of asthma. The perception of dyspnea may be blunted in asthma sufferers. Slow-onset fatal asthma may be associated with submucosal eosinophilic, whereas sudden-onset may be associated with submucosal neutrophilia. Fatal asthma occurs in patients abusing regular |3 2 -agonist therapy. Peak flow assessment often provides insight into asthma deterioration prior to signs of respiratory distress. Markers of risk of death due to asthma further identify the fatality-prone asthma patient.
Amphetamine accelerates and attenuates ultradian activity rhythms in preweanling rats

Abstract Developing rats, studied in environmental isolation, display prominent fluctuations in locomotor activity with a periodicity of about 1–3 hr. This ultradian rhythmic pattern is most marked at 2 weeks of age, and appears to be endogenously mediated. (+)Amphetamine (1 mg/kg) was administered to 2 week old rat pups, and their locomotor activity levels were recorded continuously and stored in 5 min intervals using a sensitive computer-interfaced vibrational activity monitor. Activity was recorded for 12 hr after treatment and resulting time-series data were analyzed by harmonic spectral techniques. During the first 6 hr of testing, amphetamine induced a prominent low frequency perturbation in baseline activity levels corresponding to the expected period of acute drug action. During this time, normally prominent ultradian activity rhythms in the range of 8–12 cycles per day (cpd) were diminished in amplitude, even following low frequency smoothing to remove the changes in baseline. Correspondingly, there was also an increase in ultradian rhythm amplitude in amphetamine-treated pups at higher frequencies (32–40 cpd). During the final 6 hr of testing there was a marked suppression of typical ultradian rhythms in amphetamine-treated pups but not in controls. These results suggest that amphetamine treatment both accelerates and attenuates ultradian activity rhythms in developing rats during the acute period of drug action, and produces a prominent diminution in these rhythms during subsequent rebound and recovery periods.
Toward a courageous mindset: The subjective act and experience of courage

This paper presents a new model outlining the subjective experience of courage. Various positive psychological states and traits are proposed to reduce the level of fear experienced when facing risk, that join with an individual's core values and beliefs to create a courageous mindset which, bolstered by affirming normative and informational social forces, promotes courageous action. Finally, intrapersonal attribution processes are proposed to influence self-perceptions of courageousness and that, through self-reflection, reinforce the courageous mindset, perpetuating future courageous action.
Internal migration in China, 1950–1988

This paper examines the long-term patterns of migration within China between 1950 and 1988. The analysis uses data from China's 1988 2/1,000 Fertility and Birth Control Survey, which asks respondents about their most recent interprovincial move. The results suggest that long-term migration patterns can be explained by political and economic changes in China. We argue that the approaches we introduce can offer significant insight into long-term migration patterns for countries where historical data on migration are unavailable or unreliable.
Physics vs Biology of Phagocytosis: Cell Rigidity and Shape Override CD47 ‘Self’ Signaling in Phagocytosis by Hyperactivating Myosin-II

A macrophage engulfs another cell or foreign particle in an adhesive process that often activates Myosin-II, unless the macrophage also engages ‘Marker of Self’ CD47 that inhibits Myosin. Adhesion processes of many cell types also activate Myosin and increasingly so on rigid substrates. Here we demonstrate that the rigidity of a phagocytosed RBC hyperactivates Myosin to overwhelm ‘Self’ signaling to macrophages. RBC stiffness is one among many factors, including shape, that change in senescence, some anemias, and diseases such as malaria. Controlled stiffening of normal human RBCs in different shapes did not compromise interactions of CD47 on RBCs with the macrophage ‘Self’-recognition receptor, SIRPa. Uptake of antibody-opsonized RBC was always fastest with rigid RBC-Discocytes, which also showed maximal active Myosin at the phagocytic synapse that biophysically out-competed ‘Self’ signaling by CD47. Rigid but more rounded RBC-Stomatocytes signaled ‘Self’ moreso than rigid RBC-Discocytes, highlighting the effects of shape. Physical properties of phagocytic targets can thus modulate ‘Self’ signaling as seems relevant to splenic clearance of rigid red cells after storage or clearance of rigid pathological cells such as sickle and thalassemic red cells.
University of Pennsylvania aspiration cart (Penn-A-Cart): an innovative journey in fine needle aspiration service.

On-site evaluation of fine needle aspiration specimens is now considered the standard of care. The procedure is performed at the bedside and at various other locations within the hospital using a mobile cart fitted with essentials, including a microscope, stains and supplies. Earlier, an open specimen cart was used with various supplies and a binocular microscope. The mobile cart during the past 25 years has been variously modified. A second-generation cart containing 2 folding pods, a double-headed microscope, supplies and stains had been used for the past 20 years; it did not meet the current regulatory standards and needs, and little attention was paid to meet the joint Commission on the Accreditation, of Healthcare Organizations, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and infection control standards. Also, the repeated lifting of the microscope resulted in much wear and tear. We have designed Penn-A-Cart, which has a pneumatic lift for the microscope, a high-definition camera with a TV screen and access to the Internet. It has a sharps container and storage space for supplies, stains and slides. This cart meets the various regulatory agency standards. It is user friendly and valuable for multiviewing. The cart is valuable fir remote access, telecytopathology and improved patient care. (Acta Cytol 2010;54:165-168)
0 + and 2 + strengths in pion double charge exchange to double giant-dipole resonances

Coupled-channel optical-model calculations are presented for pion double charge exchange (DCX) to the double giant-dipole resonance (DD). Systematic formulas for the transition matrix element to the giant-dipole resonance are presented. The calculations reproduce the available single-charge-exchange data. No further normalization is required to reproduce the DCX data. A smaller ${0}^{+}$ strength to the DD is calculated than previously expected. The quality of the calculation is reminiscent of that found for similar calculations to the double isobaric analog state.
Role Of Calibration In Remote Sensing For The Earth Observing System

The management aspects of achieving the required calibration for the Earth Observing System (EOS) are discussed. The use of moon and on-board reference targets to determine the cross-calibration of various instruments making measurements of similar physical quantities is described. A case study employing the Shuttle Solar Backscatter UV Radiometer is presented.
Brain Surface Protrusion during Enflurane, Halothane, and Isoflurane Anesthesia in Cats

Using a noncontact displacement transducer, the authors measured protrusion of the feline cortical surface through a standardized craniotomy during acute equi-MAC exposures to enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane. Each agent was studied at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MAC concentrations (plus 75% N2O) without support of blood pressure. A repeat 1.0 MAC exposure was made, during which angiotensin was infused to maintain mean arterial pressure (BP) at approximately 145 mmHg. Normocapnia was maintained during all studies. In the absence of BP support, halothane produced significantly greater protrusion of the brain surface than did equi-MAC concentrations of isoflurane at all levels and greater protrusion than enflurane at 1.0 and 1.5 MAC. Halothane-induced protrusion exceeded that seen during isoflurane administration by a factor of 2.5 at 0.5 MAC (P The results indicate that enflurane (1.0 and 1.5 MAC) and isoflurane (all levels) cause markedly less protrusion of the brain into a craniotomy than does halothane. The findings roughly parallel the known effects of these agents on cerebral blood flow and probably reflect differences in anesthetic-induced changes in cerebral blood volume. If applicable to human anesthesia, they suggest that in situations during intracranial surgery where administration of a volatile anesthetic is deemed preferable to the use of an additional fixed agent, that isoflurane may be the volatile agent of choice.
Convergent/Divergent Validity of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality: Empirical Support for Emotional Connectedness as a “Spiritual” Construct

The objective of this article is to determine the convergent/divergent validity of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS; Fetzer Institute & National Institute on Aging Working Group 1999) subscales by correlating it with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) Self-Transcendence subscales (i.e., Mysticism, Transpersonal Identification, Self-Forgetfulness; Cloninger et al. 1994). The cross-sectional analysis of 97 undergraduate/graduate students from a Midwestern university was made. The results are (1) all five BMMRS spirituality subscales were significantly correlated with the TCI Mysticism scale; (2) two BMMRS scales (i.e., Daily Spiritual Experiences, Values/Beliefs) were significantly correlated with the TCI Transpersonal Identification scales; (3) no BMMRS spiritual subscales were significantly correlated with the TCI Self-Forgetfulness scale; and (4) of the BMMRS religion scales, only the Organizational Religiousness subscale was correlated with any TCI subscale (i.e., Mysticism). The BMMRS appears to have adequate convergent/divergent validity, although the need exists to determine specific dimensions of spirituality. Inspection of the specific items of the BMMRS and TCI spiritual subscales that were most consistently correlated (i.e., BMMRS Daily Spiritual Experiences, Values/Beliefs; TCI Mysticism, Transpersonal Identification) suggests the existence of a distinct spiritual construct that is best conceptualized as the experience of emotional connectedness to the divine, nature, and/or others.
Atom-molecule interactions: Beyond billiard-ball collisions

The collision of an atom and a diatomic molecule may sound like a simple process but it has long been studied to understand the inherent intricacies of collisional energy transfer. Now, experiments carried out in unprecedented detail on the scattering of NO by Ar have revealed further complexity: parity-dependent quantum interference effects.
INTERRUPTIONS and NONVERBAL GENDER DIFFERENCES

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in selected nonverbal behaviors associated with interruptions. Six graduate student groups involving 18 female and 17 male subjects were videotaped. The data for the study were 140 cross-sex interruption sequences and a matched, randomly selected sample of noninterruption sequences. A category system using self-related activity, gestures, body lean, facial expression and eye gaze was developed and used to code the data. There were no significant findings related to interruptions in the categories of self-related activity or gestures. Women leaned away from the group significantly more often than did men and when leaning away, women were more likely to be interrupted. Women were also more likely to be interrupted when smiling than were men, and women smiled significantly more when taking the speaking turn. Finally, women were interrupted significantly more often than men when they did not look at the turn-taker. The high educational status of the subjects was examined in the discussion of the findings.
Fibrillar collagen type I stimulation of apolipoprotein B secretion in Caco-2 cells is mediated by β1 integrin

Caco-2 cells spontaneously differentiate into enterocyte-like cells and secrete apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoproteins. We evaluated the effect of different extracellular matrix proteins on lipoprotein secretion by these cells. Caco-2 cells grown on human amnion connective tissue (HACT) secreted twice as much apoB as control cells on Transwells, but secreted similar amounts of apoA1. Cells cultured on fibrillar collagen type I secreted increased amounts of apoB similar to the cells cultured on HACT, but cells cultured on non-fibrillar collagen type I, type IV collagen or laminin-1 did not. The increased secretion was nullified by a function inhibiting anti-integrin β1 monoclonal antibody. Therefore, interactions between type I collagen and β1 integrins augment apoB secretion by Caco-2 cells. Cells on HACT formed a more uniform columnar epithelium with lipid droplets polarized to the basolateral membrane. We also studied the effect of extracellular matrix proteins on transepithelial resistance (TER) of differentiated Caco-2 cells. TER in cells cultured on HACT was similar to that on Transwells, but cells on laminin-1 and collagen IV exhibited higher TER. Thus, various extracellular matrix proteins regulate apoB secretion and TER differently. This new observation that extracellular matrix proteins can enhance apoB secretion in Caco-2 cells could be useful to explore the modulation of lipid transport by these proteins.
Coupled Air, Sea, and Land Interactions of the South American Monsoon

The dominant interannual variation of the austral summer South American monsoon season (SAM) is associated with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Although this teleconnection provides a basis for the seasonal predictability of SAM, it is shown that the conventional tier-2 modeling approach of prescribing observed sea surface temperature (SST) is inappropriate to capture this teleconnection. Furthermore, such a forced atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulation leads to degradation of the SAM precipitation variability. However, when the same AGCM is coupled to an ocean general circulation model to allow for coupled air–sea interactions, then this ENSO–SAM teleconnection is reasonably well simulated. This is attributed to the role of air–sea coupling in modulating the large-scale east–west circulation, especially associated with Nino-3 SST anomalies. It is also shown that the land–atmosphere feedback in the SAM domain as a result of the inclusion of air–sea coupling is more robust. As a consequence of this stronger land–atmosphere feedback the decorrelation time of the daily rainfall in the SAM region is prolonged to match more closely with the observed behavior. A subtle difference in the austral summer seasonal precipitation anomalies between that over the Amazon River basin (ARB) and the SAM core region is also drawn from this study in reference to the influence of the air–sea interaction. It is shown that the dominant interannual precipitation variability over the ARB is simulated both by the uncoupled and coupled (to OGCM) AGCM in contrast to that over the SAM core region in southeastern Brazil.
External validity of children's self-reported sleep functioning: associations with academic, social, and behavioral adjustment

ABS T RA C T Objective: Several child-report measures of sleep functioning have been developed but very few studies have examined the external validity of child self-reported sleep in relation to daytime functioning. This study examined child-reported sleep in relation to teacher-rated psychopathology symptoms and also tested the hypothesis that child-reported sleep would be associated with poorer child- and teacherreported functioning after controlling for demographics and psychopathology symptoms that are known to be associated with adjustment. Methods: Participants were 175 children (81 boys, 94 girls) in 1st–6th grades (ages 6–13) and their teachers. Children completed the Sleep Self-Report. Teachers completed a measure of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional/conduct, and anxiety/depression symptoms. Children and teachers completed multiple measures of academic, behavioral, and social/peer functioning. Results: Child-reported sleep was significantly associated with teacher-rated inattentive and internalizing symptoms, even after controlling for child demographics, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and conduct problems. Multilevel modeling analyses further indicated that, after controlling for child demographics and psychopathology symptoms, child-reported sleep problems were significantly associated with poorer child- and teacher-reported academic, behavioral, and social functioning (including increased reactive aggression, peer rejection, loneliness, and lower friendship satisfaction and self-worth). Conclusions: Findings provide initial support for the external validity of children’s self-reported sleep functioning. Results of this study suggest that it may be clinically useful to screen for sleep problems by assessing for children’s own perceptions of their sleep. Future studies should include both child- and parentreported sleep functioning to further examine the utility of children’s ratings of sleep functioning.
Challenges of human-robot communication in telerobotics

Some general considerations are presented on bilateral human-telerobot control and information communication issues. Advances are reviewed related to the more conventional human-telerobot communication techniques, and some unconventional but promising communication methods are briefly discussed. Future needs and emerging application domains are briefly indicated.
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION

Many different oral lesions have been described that are manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Table 1). 29 Most of these are opportunistic diseases and may be the first clinical manifestation of immune deficiency in HIV-infected patients. 23 Therefore, identification of any of these lesions in a patient not previously known to be HIV infected may suggest the need for HIV testing and in a patient known to be HIV infected may signal the need for preventive therapy. These lesions are not directly caused by HIV but are due to either immunodeficiency or an effect of medication. All oral lesions reported to occur in relationship to HIV occur in other settings as well.
Spousal Expectations and Perceived Social Support During the Creation of a New Business Venture

The current economic crisis has created a climate of financial uncertainty for many American families. One solution for an increasing segment of the population is to start a new business. While there is an established body of research that explores the financial implications of launching a new business venture, there is limited work on the relational aspects involved. Previous research suggests that a strong marital relationship may be one of the myriad resources needed to sustain a new business, yet the business may also place significant strain on the marital relationship. The authors present an exploration of how couple expectations of the impact of the new business venture interact with the perceptions of social support by using concepts from Optimal Matching Theory and Conservation of Resources theory. Findings suggest that the relationship between expectations and social support within entrepreneurial couples is complex and that clinicians who work with these couples may need specialized strategies ...
New UK vet school.

I AM writing following the recent media coverage of the announcement of a new veterinary school which is being set up at the University of Surrey, with its first intake of students being in 2014. The Association of Veterinary Students (AVS) is a national student association, and ‘the voice’ of veterinary students in the UK and Ireland. The AVS has consulted widely with veterinary students in the UK and Ireland via its committee and school representatives, student-led discussion forums and the BVA community forum, where many students are coming forward to give their opinions. It is clearly a controversial and a very emotive discussion topic based on the responses that we collected from our members and it is one that has a direct effect on veterinary students and new graduates The AVS has acknowledged that the general consensus among the student body is that there is no demand for more veterinary graduates and the profession does not need a new veterinary school in the current climate. Although there will no doubt be enough applicants to the veterinary course to fill another veterinary school, the student body has concerns that there will not …
Plant Production and Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds

\AI ways in which plant proV cesses influence the atmosphere, most biologists first think of photosynthetic oxygen production and carbon dioxide uptake. Given a few more minutes, many will also point out that plant transpiration of water plays a role in the chemistry of the troposphere (the lower 10 km of the atmosphere). Few, however, are aware that plant processes play key roles in ozone production, methane oxidation, and the global carbon monoxide budget. Several biologists and atmospheric chemists have recognized the effects of plants on the atmosphere (Rasmussen 1972, Tyson et al. 1974, Went 1960), but only recently has research into chemical emissions from plants advanced beyond a curiosity of interest to only a handful of environmental scientists. The topic of plant chemical emissions and their role in
Genetic Parameters for Production Traits of Holsteins in California, New York, and Wisconsin

Abstract Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for milk and fat yields and fat percentage from 305-d, mature-equivalent records of registered and grade Holsteins in California, New York, and Wisconsin. Parameter estimates were obtained with daughter on dam regression within herd-year-season and sire of daughter. Data were pairs of first lactation records (38,115 in California, 171,555 in New York, and 136,031 in Wisconsin) from 1975 through 1984. California had higher means for milk (9046kg) and fat (323kg) than the other two states (approximately 7840kg and 289kg), but heritabilities of .36 and .34 were not greatly different from those for New York (.34 and .33) or Wisconsin (.38 and .35). Heritability of fat percentage, however, was smaller for California (.55 vs .66 for New York and .68 for Wisconsin). Logarithmic and square root transformations of the data resulted in little change in heritability estimates. For California, genetic correlation between milk and fat yields (.70) was larger than for New York (.55) or Wisconsin (.56), and correlation between fat yield and fat percentage was smaller (.31 vs .45 and .41). For each state, estimates of heritabilities were larger for registered than grade pairs.