cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Metastases in Lung Cancer

Cardiac metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma are not commonly diagnosed prior to death. This study isolates factors associated with the development of cardiac involvement. Four hundred eighteen consecutive patients with lung cancer who had autopsies were studied. Twenty-five percent of these patients had cardiac involvement. Factors associated with cardiac metastases were (1) histologic cell type of the tumor, (2) aggressive therapy, (3) extent of disease, and (4) tumor differentiation. The presence of cardiac metastases was not related to the length of survival. Clinical signs of cardiac involvement included an enlarging heart on the chest x-ray film, development of congestive heart failure, or electrocardiographic changes. Suspicion of cardiac metastases in high-risk individuals, prompt diagnostic evaluation, and rapid institution of therapy may improve the outlook for many patients, since reaccumulation of fluid was generally slow.
PIGMENTS OF THE RETINA : II. SEA ROBIN, SEA BASS, AND SCUP.

1. Visual purple from the sea robin, sea bass, and scup is almost identical spectroscopically with that from frogs. The interrelations of this pigment with vitamin A and retinene are also the same as in the frog. 2. In strong acids or at pH > 11, the visual yellow of sea robin retinas is converted irreversibly into a pH indicator, yellow in acid and almost colorless in alkaline solution. Unlike neutral visual yellow, the indicator is not removed to form either vitamin A or visual purple. In the ammoniacal retina the reversion of visual yellow itself to purple is accelerated. 3. The combined pigment epithelium and choroid layer in these fishes contain vitamin A, flavine, and an unidentified xanthophyll.
Beneath the Straw: In Defense of Participatory Adaptive Management

Our recent paper advocating adaptive management of invasive nonnative species (INS) in Kings Bay, Florida received detailed responses from both Daniel Simberloff, a prominent invasion biologist, and Mark Sagoff, a prominent critic of invasion biology. Simberloff offers several significant lines of criticism that compel detailed rebuttals, and, as such, most of this reply is dedicated to this purpose. Ultimately, we find it quite significant that Simberloff, despite his other stated objections to our paper, apparently agrees with our argument that proposals for alternative management of established INS (i.e., alternatives to minimization/eradication) should not be rejected on an a␣priori basis. We argue that more specific development and application of adaptive approaches toward INS management, whether in Kings Bay or other appropriate case studies, would be facilitated if ecosystem managers and invasion biologists follow Simberloff’s lead on this key point. While Sagoff largely shares (and, indeed, served as a primary source for developing) our general arguments that challenge common moral and scientific assumptions associated with invasion biology, he does question our suggestion that participatory adaptive management provides an appropriate framework for approaching environmental problems in which science and politics are inherently entangled. We attempt to answer this criticism through a brief sketch of what participatory adaptive management might look like for Kings Bay and how such an approach would differ from past management approaches.
Nationwide use and outcomes of ambulatory surgery in morbidly obese patients in the United States

Abstract Study Objective To compare the overall characteristics and perioperative outcomes in morbidly obese and nonobese patients undergoing ambulatory surgery in the United States. Design Retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Measurements The association between duration of surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and unplanned hospital admission was assessed in a propensity-matched cohort of morbidly obese and nonobese patients derived from the 2006 National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery. Main Results Only 0.32% of the ambulatory procedures were performed on morbidly obese patients. The morbidly obese were significantly younger but had a higher burden of comorbidities, were more likely to undergo the procedure in hospital-based outpatient departments (HOPD; 80.1% vs 56.5%; P = 0.004), and had significantly shorter procedures than the nonobese (median [interquartile range], 28 [21–38] vs 42 [22–65] min; P P = 0.09). In contrast, morbid obesity was associated with decreased odds of postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR, 0.27; CI, 0.09 - 0.84; P = 0.01). Conclusions In 2006 in the U.S., the prevalence of ambulatory surgery in the morbidly obese was low, with most of the procedures being performed in the HOPD facilities, suggesting a conservative patient selection. The incidence of adverse postoperative outcomes and delayed discharge, as well as unplanned hospital admission after ambulatory surgery in the morbidly obese, was similar to that reported in the nonobese.
SPARKy 3: Design of an active robotic ankle prosthesis with two actuated degrees of freedom using regenerative kinetics

The goal of modern prosthetics is to replicate the function of the replaced limb or organ in the most capable and discreet fashion possible. However, even the most advanced, commercial, transtibial prostheses available today only passively adjust the position of the ankle during the swing phase of gait and return a portion of the userpsilas own gravitational input. To greatly improve the quality of life of a transtibial amputee, new technologies and approaches must be used to create a cutting-edge robotic ankle prosthesis which can perform on par with, if not outperform, the equivalent able-bodied human ankle. Initial attempts by us and others have had great success in providing the natural gait power and motion through all ranges of walking speeds. A new design is presented which governs both the coronal and sagittal angles and moments of the ankle joint to potentially provide unprecedented levels of athleticism and agility among transtibial amputees.
An Adaptive Router Placement Scheme for Wireless Mesh Networks

Mesh router (MR) placement is one of the fundamental issues that need to be carefully addressed to provide mesh clients with satisfactory performance in a wireless mesh network (WMN). This paper proposes a virtual force based MR placement algorithm (VFPlace) which is scalable and self- adaptive. Given a certain number of MRs, VFPlace targets to determine the positions of these MRs to maximize their overall coverage and maintain a certain number of neighbors for each MR, while satisfying geographic and traffic constraints of a specific WMN. VFPlace can dynamically avoid placing MRs in prohibitive regions, favor preferential regions and balance the distance between MRs. Moreover, VFPlace can adapt the MR placement to the highly aggregated traffic load towards Internet gateways. The effectiveness of VFPlace is demonstrated through extensive simulations.
Shoppers' Reactions to Supermarket Price Scanning and Shopper Price Marking

Supermarkets are starting to adopt price scanning checkouts. Other supermarkets, both scanner equipped and non-scanner equipped, are removing individual item prices. Although much has been written, especially in the retail trade press, about the advantages to retailers of scanner check-outs little attention has been paid to shopper reactions. This study sought to determine the attitudes and behavior of shoppers at scanner equiped supermarkets. Some user reactions to self-price marking of purchases was also determined.
Tandem mass spectrometry of bilin tetrapyrroles by electrospray ionization and collision‐induced dissociation

RATIONALE Bilins are metabolic products of hosts and bacteria on porphyrins, and are markers of health state and human waste contamination. Although bilin tandem mass spectrometry reports exist, their fragmentation behavior as a function of structure has not been compared, nor has fragmentation been examined as a function of collision energy. METHODS The fragmentation of bilins generated by positive ion mode electrospray ionization is examined by collision-induced dissociation (CID). CID on a quadrupole ion trap and on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer as a function of collision energy is compared. Methyl esterification was used to deduce which product ions contain the inner pyrrole rings. FT-ICR high mass accuracy measurements were used to determine the formulas of the resultant product ions. RESULTS The central carbon's bonding to the inner pyrrole rings influences fragmentation. Bilirubin is unique because fragmentation adjacent to the central methylene group between innermost rings predominates, and loss of a terminal pyrrole is observed only with helium collision gas. The other bilins lose the terminal pyrroles first; as CID energy is increased, additional fragmentation due to neutral losses of small molecules such as H2O, CO, CO2, and methanol occurs. CONCLUSIONS Based on these observations, fragmentation schemes for the bilins are proposed that are strongly dependent on the molecular structure and collision energy; only bilirubin fragmentation is influenced significantly by the collision gas used. This report should have value in identification of this class of molecules for biomarker detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the forebrain of male and female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) immunoreactive (ir) neurons and fibers were examined in the forebrain of male and female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).As expected from previous studies of cell distribution in the rodent and primate brain, AVP-ir cells were most evident in the paraventricularis, supraopticus, and suprachiasmaticus of the hypothalamus. AVP-ir cells were also widely distributed in the lateral hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. A sexually dimorphic pattern of AVP-ir cells was found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, in which males had moreAVP-ir cells than females. OT-ir cells were found in the paraventricularis and supraopticus of the hypothalamus as well as in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial amygdala. Male and female marmosets did not differ in the distribution of OT-ir cells. Fibers for both AVP and OT were evident outside of the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal tract, but a plexus ofAVP-irfibers in the lateral septum or lateral habenular nucleus, as seen in the rat brain, could not be detected for either peptide.Synapse 27:14-25, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Summertime Tropospheric Ozone Columns from Aura OMI/MLS Measurements Versus Regional Model Results Over the United States

[1] Ozone columns below 147 hPa are derived over the United States from September 2004 to August 2005 from the differences between clear-sky Aura OMI columns and coincident MLS columns. The mean difference from coincident ozonesonde measurements at four USA sites is 0.3 DU with an rms difference of 10.1 DU and a correlation coefficient of 0.67. Semimonthly patterns of the columns over the USA for the summer of 2005 have been produced. The observed columns, as well as Regional Air Quality Forecast (RAQAST) model columns, show high values over the southeastern USA and its surrounding oceans. Changes of these columns exceeding 6 DU in many places were observed between June 17–30 and July 1–16 and the changes reversed in the following two-week period. Comparisons against calculations from the RAQAST model, as well as correlations with geopotential height changes at 147 hPa, indicate that these changes were primarily related to dynamics.
Fault-tolerant gamma interconnection networks

Modifications to the gamma interconnection network (GIN), which is composed of 3*3 basic building blocks, with interconnecting patterns between stages following the plus-minus-2/sup i/ functions, are discussed. The gamma network is modified by altering the interconnecting patterns between stages so as to create totally disjoint paths from any source (S) to any destination (D), ensuring high terminal reliability between every (S, D) pair. The network is called fault-tolerant GIN (FTGIN) since it can tolerate an arbitrary single fault. If several building blocks (i.e. 3*3 switches) are fabricated in one VLSI chip, the layout area and pin count are smaller for the FTGIN than for its GIN counterpart as a result of the change in the interconnection patterns, offering potential cost reduction. A lower bound on the terminal reliability of the FTGIN is derived, showing significant terminal reliability improvement over the conventional gamma network. >
Polarization of a spherical cell in a non-uniform electric field: transient response and comparison with polarization in a uniform field

Polarization of cells by extracellular fields is relevant to neural stimulation, cardiac pacing, and cardiac defibrillation. When electrodes are positioned close to cells the electric field is non-uniform, but in many cases has been assumed to be uniform. We solved analytically for the transmembrane voltage (/spl phi//sub m/) generated in a spherical cell by a non-uniform extracellular field, as would arise from a point electrode. /spl phi//sub m/ reached its steady state value with a time constant much less than the membrane time constant in both uniform and non-uniform fields. The magnitude of /spl phi//sub m/ in the hemisphere of the cell toward the electrode was larger than in the other hemisphere under the non-uniform field, while symmetric polarization occurred under the uniform field. The magnitude of the differences in /spl phi//sub m/ generated by the uniform and nonuniform fields decreased as the distance between the cell and electrode increased, and was less than 10% for electrode to cell distances greater than 10 times the cell diameter. The specific polarization generated by a non-uniform field should be considered for small electrode to cell distances.
Steam gasification of Mississippi Lignite in a fixed bed gasifier

The steam gasification of Mississippi lignite was studied in a batch, tubular reactor at temperatures from 550°C to 950°C. First and 23 order models were applied. The first order rate constant at 870°C was found to be 0.122 min−1 versus 0.130 min−1 found for Texas lignite. The preexponential factor, k∞ was found to be 5636 min−1 and the activation energy, E, was found to be 102101 J/mol from the slope of an Arrhenius plot (E/R = 12280 K).
Questions about STDP as a general model of synaptic plasticity

According to spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), the timing of the Na+ spike relative to the EPSP determines whether LTP or LTD will occur. Here, we review our reservations about STDP. Most investigations of this process have been done under conditions in which the spike is evoked by postsynaptic current injection. Under more realistic conditions, in which the spike is evoked by the EPSP, the results do not generally support STDP. For instance, low-frequency stimulation of a group of synapses can cause LTD, not the LTP predicted by the pre-before-post sequence in STDP; this is true regardless of whether or not the EPSP is large enough to produce a Na+ spike. With stronger or more frequent stimulation, LTP can be induced by the same pre-before-post timing, but in this case block of Na+ spikes does not necessarily prevent LTP induction. Thus, Na+ spikes may facilitate LTP and/or LTD under some conditions, but they are not necessary, a finding consistent with their small size relative to the EPSP in many parts of pyramidal cell dendrites. The nature of the dendritic depolarizing events that control bidirectional plasticity is of central importance to understanding neural function. There are several candidates, including backpropagating action potentials, but also dendritic Ca2+ spikes, the AMPA receptor-mediated EPSP, and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs or spikes. These often appear to be more important than the Na+ spike in providing the depolarization necessary for plasticity. We thus feel that it is premature to accept STDP-like processes as the major determinant of LTP/LTD.
Cultural Differences in the Relation between Self‐discrepancy and Life Satisfaction

Cultural differences in the relation between self-discrepancy and subjective well-being were examined. Participants from India (N = 54) and the United States (N = 55) listed 10 goals they set for themselves and their parents set for them. They rated the importance of own and parental goals from their own and their parents' perspective. They also completed measures of collectivism and well-being. Americans, who were less collectivistic than Indians, rated their own goals to be more important than their parents' goals for them, whereas Indians regarded their own and their parents' goals as equally important. Americans' well-being was predicted by discrepancies between own and parental ratings on personal goals. However, discrepancies between own and parental ratings on parental goals were predictive of Indians' well-being. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Cette etude examine les differences culturelles entre l'incompatiblite du soi et le bien-etre subjectif. Des participants de l'In...
P-67: FPD Repair System Using Electrostatic Droplet Technology

This dissertation introduces the new application of electrostatic droplet technology which is applied to industrial field. The aim of this study is to apply electrostatic droplet technology, of which advantages are capable of making small droplet size and using high viscosity ink, to FPD repair system and research method for repair process. This study also defines repair specification by verifying the process of repair system, and analyzes the test result. In this research, the ink is restricted only to Black matrix ink. Experimental results will show the usefulness of repair system.
Non-enumerative correlation-aware path selection

The path delay fault model is effective in detecting small delay defects. The proposed approach identifies the delay behavior of paths in various circuit instances without enumerating them. It selects critical paths through path implicit operations on a compact data structure potentially containing an exponential number of path candidates. The experimental analysis on some of the largest ISCAS-89 and ITC-99 benchmarks shows that the proposed approach is highly scalable and effective.
Performance studies of emulated multichannel SAR for motion characterization

Conventional single-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) cannot directly measure or correct for smearing and distortions due to scene motion. Previous theoretical efforts have pointed out that this deficiency can be overcome using an along-track multichannel SAR (MSAR), but lack an experimental foundation. In this paper we conduct in-depth sensitivity studies that characterize and demonstrate the robustness of an MSAR system for scene motion characterization. These include novel experimental studies that build on our previous work in MSAR emulation. Of significance, to our knowledge this is the first experimental verification of removing motion distortions in shoaling ocean waves using such an MSAR system.We also introduce a new processing mode for MSAR systems called SAVSAR (subaperture velocity SAR), which affords us a much wider range of options in adjusting the spatial and temporal resolution capabilities of MSAR imaging. The insights gained in this paper provide guidance on the choice of suitable configurations and processing methods for scene motion estimation using airborne MSAR systems.
Buckling of Plates with Intermediate Rigid Supports

T WRITING of the present note was suggested to the author by a paper by Saibel which deals with the same subject. Mr. Saibel's aim was to express the buckling modes of the plate with intermediate supports as a combination of the known buckling modes of the plate without the intermediate supports. The coefficients of the series representing the unknown modes are to be determined by the energy method, in which the intermediate rigid supports are introduced by means of the method of the Lagrangian multiplier. Unfortunately, Mr. Saibel's use of the multiplier method is incorrect so far as two-dimensional problems are concerned; as a consequence, his paper contains conclusions that cannot be accepted. As such may be mentioned the last (unnumbered) equation on page 401 of the paper and the last two sets of equations on page 402 of the paper. In what follows it will be shown how results can be obtained for the problems under consideration which are natural extensions of the Weinstein-Trefftz procedure' 3 for the buckling and vibrations of the rectangular plate with clamped edges. These results are valid for rectilinear, as well as for curvilinear, rigid intermediate supports. The supports may be concentrated in a number of points along lines or distributed over portions of the plate area. Only the formal aspects of the problem are discussed here, and no actual applications of the formulas obtained are made. The difference between Saibel's and the present approach may perhaps be characterized by saying that the former assumes the constraints accurately and intends to solve the problem approximately, while in the present note constraints are assumed which approximate the real constraints and the resultant problem is solved rigorously. I t is sufficiently general for the present purpose to consider a plate that is simply supported all along its boundary and which is acted upon by a uniform thrust N in the plane of the plate. Taking coordinates x, y in the plane of the plate and letting the direction of the thrust N coincide with the ^-direction, it is known that buckling modes 4>ij and corresponding buckling loads Ntj are obtained as the characteristic functions and characteristic values of the following variational problem:
Artificial Diets for Use in Nutritional Studies with Microtine Rodents

INGLES, L. G. 1965. Mammals of the Pacific states. and development of Glaucomys sabrinus. J. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California, 506 pp. Mamm., 50:121. MASER, C., B. R. MATE, J. F. FRANKLIN, AND C. T. VERNER, J., AND A. S. Boss. 1980. California wildDYRNESS. 1981. Natural history of Oregon coast life and their habitats: western Sierra Nevada. mammals. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept., USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept., PSW-37:1PNW-133:1-496. 439. MUUL, I. 1969. Mating behavior, gestation period
Influence of Fumigation and Age on Carbon Dioxide Production on Some Stored-Product Insects

Adults of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal and Sitophilus granarius (L.) were fumigated with chloropicrin, hydrocyanic acid, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, and methyl bromide. Both the fumigant concentration and carbon dioxide production were determined during the exposure period by gas chroniatography. The fumigants had a depressing effect on respiration as measured by carbon dioxide production during the fumigation exposure period. The effect of age on respiration and fumigant kill with methyl bromide on adults of T. confusum and T. castaneum (Herbst) also was determined. The data presented for young adults of both T. confusum and T. castaneum indicate that changes in susceptibility to methyl bromide fumigation do not necessarily correspond to changes in carbon dioxide production.
Direct, Biomimetic Synthesis of (+)-Artemone via a Stereoselective, Organocatalytic Cyclization

We present a four-step synthesis of (+)-artemone from (–)-linalool, featuring iminium organocatalysis of a doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition reaction. The strategy follows a proposed biosynthetic pathway, rapidly generates stereochemical complexity, uses no protecting groups, and minimizes redox manipulations.
An Eclectic Framework for Sustainability Reports: Implications for Socially Responsible Investors

This paper joins in the debate about the relative merits of the varied sustainability reporting criteria in socially responsible investing. Socially responsible investors rely heavily on sustainability reports to evaluate a corporation. However, the limited disclosure, incommensurability, and constrained country of origin of sustainability reports make the evaluation difficult in practice. By introducing an eclectic framework, this paper aims to compare the existing reporting standards in terms of coverage rates. We believe convergence and holistic reporting are main trends of new sustainability reports and conclude that investors should combine different reporting indexes in making an investment decision.
The Electromagnetic Field Equations

The theory that is advocated in this monograph contends that the incorporation of the Mach principle with the principle of relativity necessarily highlights the elementarity of the mutual interaction, rather than starting with the particle of matter as an elementary concept. Thus, instead of adopting the Lorentz model in electrodynamics for extension to the description of the motion of charged particles in a background electromagnetic field of potential force, we describe electromagnetic phenomena in terms of the coupling of regular (i.e. finite, continuous and continuously differentiable) field variables. These variables, in turn, relate to the mutual dynamical coupling of matter within a closed system; they do not relate to the intrinsic properties of separable, singular particles of matter, as they would in the classical or quantum mechanical atomistic theories. This new view is then in complete accord with the Mach principle.
The Class Basis of Elite Partisanship: Convention Delegates

When elites in the American political system are studied, delegates to the nominating conventions of the political parties figure prominently. It is not so much that they make important political choices. They do choose the nominees for the presidency, but in the past several decades they have typically been bound to a particular candidate, with the national conventions merely a large media show. They do have to approve the party platform. It is not obvious that this is a meaningless exercise, since platform planks do surprisingly often get written into law (Pomper, 1968). However, that they are often written into law does not prove that they are important, since having a particular proposal adopted (for example, legalizing the private ownership of gold a plank in the 1980 Republican platform) may simply signify that it has gained acceptance among important political elites and would have been written into law regardless of what the platform said.
Differential positive TSPOT assay responses to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in health care workers.

Abstract Background The TSPOT. TB (TSPOT) diagnostic test for latent tuberculosis infection is based on a cell-mediated response to the Mycobacteria tuberculosis antigens, ESAT-6 and/or CFP-10, producing an “interferon-gamma footprint”. We investigated the within-sample and within-subject variability of positive TSPOT assays due to the individual assay antigens' reactivity. Methods Positive TSPOT assay frequencies due to ESAT-6 or CFP-10 among health care workers (HCWs) at 6-month intervals for 18 months were compared. Differences in result interpretation (positive or negative) for ESAT-6 and CFP10 and potential prognostic factors were investigated. Results There were 576 positive results in 8805 TSPOT assays representing 2418 participants. A significant difference was detected in positive TSPOT results due to a positive response to either ESAT-6, CFP-10 or both antigens at baseline through 12 M ( p Conclusions Among our HCW samples with positive TSPOT assays, CFP-10 induced a larger proportion of positive TSPOT results than ESAT-6. Potential causes for this finding include: BCG vaccinated subpopulations, certain jobs, history of positive TST, U.S. birth, and study site. A high proportion of single-positive specimens may reflect false-positives results.
Mutual coupling in aperture-coupled patch antennas fed by orthogonal SIW line

In this paper, the mutual coupling of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with an aperture-coupled feed by an orthogonal substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feed line is presented. This feed design is beneficial for 2D array configurations in millimeter wave imaging systems due to the limited availability of space for such arrays. From the results, the proposed (compact size) antenna provides 7% bandwidth (|S 11 | < −10 dB), 65% total efficiency and 5 dB gain at 30 GHz. The mutual coupling of two antenna configurations (two antennas located collinearly with respect to their length and width) with center-to-center spacing of 0.4λ–1.5λ are studied. The results show that there is less mutual coupling when the antennas are located collinear with respect to their width (due to the polarization from feed network). In addition, −17 dB mutual coupling for antennas with spacing of 0.5λ is shown for both cases.
Directional Scattering and Sensing with Bimetallic Fanocubes: A Complex Fano-Resonant Plasmonic Nanostructure

Concentric nanostructures provide a unique architecture to manipulate light by modification of their internal geometry with minimal changes to their overall size. In this work, we have theoretically examined, using finite difference time domain simulations, the plasmonic properties of a concentric cubic nanostructure consisting of a silver (Ag) core, silica (SiO2) interlayer, and gold (Au) shell. These “bimetallic fanocubes” display two separate geometry dependent Fano resonances in the visible and in the near-infrared. We employed a plasmon hybridization model to understand the origin of the spectral features and observe distinct hybridized modes contributed by the edges and corners, which is unique to the cubic geometry. Specifically, we note that the “nonbonding” mode that is essentially dark and not observable in spherical concentric nanostructures is enhanced in the bimetallic fanocubes. We show the far-field properties, and Fano resonances of the fanocubes can be tuned by altering the thickness of t...
Temperature estimation of switched reluctance machines using thermal impulse response technique

Identifying the hot spots in an electrical machine is a critical step in the electromagnetic design process. Failure of this diagnosis can result in significant damages to the machine. However, a detailed thermal analysis of an electric machine can be extremely time consuming. Therefore, a new approach called Thermal Impulse Response (TIR) modelling is proposed to estimate the temperature of various parts in an electric machine. Use of TIR modelling will improve the simulation time significantly. Simulation and experimental results are carried to support the proposed method.
A Correlation for Mass Transfer Coefficients in Elbows

Mass transfer can have a significant effect on corrosion rates depending on the solution chemistry and flow conditions. Therefore, knowledge of the distribution of mass transfer coefficients along the flow geometry can be useful in determining the severity of corrosion rates in situations where mass transfer is a factor. In this investigation, mass transfer in 90 elbows was examined. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used to model the flow in an elbow and compute mass transfer coefficients. Results were compared to available experimental data to verify the model. Although the number of variables involved in corrosion process is large, only two dimensionless parameters, namely, the flow Reynolds number and the Schmidt number are important for characterizing the mass transfer process. Mass transfer in elbows is also influenced by elbow geometry parameters such as the elbow radius to pipe diameter ratio (r/D). Based on these three dimensionless parameters, mass transfer between the elbow wall and the fluid was simulated and a correlation was developed to predict the maximum elbow mass transfer coefficient as a function of the flow Reynolds number, the Schmidt number and the elbow r/D. This investigation was motivated by a need to predict mass transfer coefficientsmore » in elbows for use in conjunction with a comprehensive model for calculating CO{sub 2} corrosion rates in oil and gas pipelines.« less
Re-evaluating the Malawian Farm Input Subsidy Programme

The Malawian Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) has received praise as a proactive policy that has transformed the nation's food security, yet irreconcilable differences exist between maize production estimates distributed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Malawi Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MoAFS) and the National Statistical Office (NSO) of Malawi. These differences illuminate yield-reporting deficiencies and the value that alternative, politically unbiased yield estimates could play in understanding policy impacts. We use net photosynthesis (PsnNet) as an objective source of evidence to evaluate production history and production potential under a fertilizer input scenario. Even with the most generous harvest index (HI) and area manipulation to match a reported error, we are unable to replicate post-FISP production gains. In addition, we show that the spatial delivery of FISP may have contributed to popular perception of widespread maize improvement. These triangulated lines of evidence suggest that FISP may not have been the success it was thought to be. Lastly, we assert that fertilizer subsidies may not be sufficient or sustainable strategies for production gains in Malawi.
Bodleian Library, MS. Germ. e. 22. The Christ Child in the Host

This paper presents a miniature from a sixteenth-century prayer book originating from the Strasbourg Dominican nunnery St Nikolaus in Undis it in its historical and devotional context. The study particularly emphasises the interplay of liturgy and private devotion, as well as the iconographic programme seen through the lens of the prayer book’s contents.Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht die kulturhistorische Untersuchung einer Miniatur aus einem Gebetsbuch, das im 16. Jahrhundert im Dominikanerinnenkloster St. Nikolaus in undis entstand. Die Untersuchung hebt insbesondere das Zusammenspiel von Liturgie und privater Andacht sowie das Bildprogramm im Kontext des Gebetsbuchinhalts hervor.
Sustainability of educational change: The role of social geographies

The paper examines the conceptual and strategicrole of social geographies in contributing toor undermining sustainable school improvement.It develops a four-fold definition ofsustainability as involving improvement overtime, within available or achievable resourcesthat does not impact negatively on thesurrounding environment and that promotesecological diversity and capacity more widely.A conceptual framework of social geographies isdeveloped along with its implications forsustainability. This analysis is then appliedto a further framework of seven strategicgeographies of educational change whichdeliberately try to arrange, order or exploitspace in particular ways to secure schoolchange. These are market geographies, networkgeographies, virtual geographies, geographiesof scaling up, standardized geographies,differential geographies and geographies ofsocial movements. The paper concludes byreviewing the other contributions to the volumeon the theme of social geographies ofeducational change, and describes the SpencerFoundation funded conference from which theysprang.
MinGenome: An In Silico Top-Down Approach for the Synthesis of Minimized Genomes

Genome minimized strains offer advantages as production chassis by reducing transcriptional cost, eliminating competing functions and limiting unwanted regulatory interactions. Existing approaches for identifying stretches of DNA to remove are largely ad hoc based on information on presumably dispensable regions through experimentally determined nonessential genes and comparative genomics. Here we introduce a versatile genome reduction algorithm MinGenome that implements a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm to identify in size descending order all dispensable contiguous sequences without affecting the organism’s growth or other desirable traits. Known essential genes or genes that cause significant fitness or performance loss can be flagged and their deletion can be prohibited. MinGenome also preserves needed transcription factors and promoter regions ensuring that retained genes will be properly transcribed while also avoiding the simultaneous deletion of synthetic lethal pairs. The potent...
1725a Using non-traditional channels and materials to reach young agricultural workers

Introduction Agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations in the world based on work-related accidents, disease and death. It is also the sector where the vast majority of child labour is found and the principal source of employment for rural youth in developing countries. Children and youth engaged in agricultural activities are at risk of exposure to a wide range of hazards and are particularly vulnerable due to a number of behavioural and biological reasons. Much of young people’s work in agriculture takes place in remote areas and the majority of child labour is unpaid family labour. Therefore, they often fall through the cracks of traditional occupational safety and health systems and inspection. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations is working to reduce hazardous child labour in agriculture and promote safe work for youth in agriculture and related activities. By working through channels such as national agricultural extension systems, farmer field schools and rural radio, FAO aims to raise awareness on OSH issues for young workers. Particular attention is given to protecting children from pesticides. Tools such as visual facilitator’s guides for use with farmers, fishers and livestock raisers and E-learning courses aimed at ministries of agriculture, agricultural researchers and producers’ organisations have been developed to help mobilise agricultural stakeholders in protecting young workers engaged in agricultural activities, including in family-based work and in the informal economy.
Mitigating vergence-accommodation conflict for near-eye displays via deformable beamsplitters

Deformable beamsplitters have been shown as a means of creating a wide field of view, varifocal, optical see- through, augmented reality display. Current systems suffer from degraded optical quality at far focus and are tethered to large air compressors or pneumatic devices which prevent small, self-contained systems. We present an analysis on the shape of the curved beamsplitter as it deforms to different focal depths. Our design also demonstrates a step forward in reducing the form factor of the overall system.
Updates on Sexually Transmitted Infections: Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis Testing and Treatment in the Emergency Department

This review describes current guidelines and research on screening, diagnostics, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) seen in the emergency department (ED). Many studies support less invasive testing for STIs, which in turn would encourage increased screening. The diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is currently based on clinical findings and further research is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy. Current antibiotic treatment guidelines are based on numerous studies. Drug-resistant gonorrhea is an issue worldwide and alternative treatments are currently being evaluated. Highly sensitive testing has allowed for noninvasive screening. Increased screening in the ED would identify more infections and potentially prevent complications of untreated infections. Diagnosis of PID still requires a full pelvic examination given that diagnosis is based on exam findings. Antibiotic resistance is on the rise and treatment guidelines should be strictly followed. Future vaccine and novel antibiotics are currently in randomized control trials.
Never events after hepatopancreatobiliary operations.

Abstract Background In 2008, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) terminated reimbursement for never events (NE). NE in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) patients are poorly understood. We investigated the incidence and effects of NE in this population. Methods We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify all patients who underwent HPB operations, before (Cohort A: 2003–2007) and after (Cohort B: 2008–2011) the CMS mandate. We compared incidence, demographics, outcomes and predictors of NE. Results We identified 57,436 HPB patients, of whom 624 (1.1%) incurred a NE. NE occurred more frequently after pancreas (1.4%) than liver (0.9%) and biliary (0.8%) operations (P Discussion HPB surgery patients who sustain NE have significantly worse outcomes, and despite CMS policy changes, NE incidence has not improved. Further efforts to combat NE in HPB surgery patients are necessary to decrease their likelihood.
PHYSICAL EFFECTS IN LATERAL MIS STRUCTURES WITH ULTRA-THIN OXIDES

ABSTRACT Lateral conduction in silicon MIS structures with ultra-thin (10A-60A) thermal oxides is considered, and various resulting effects are investigated. Devices of this type with oxide thickness from about 20A to 40A are found to be featured by the distinct lateral conduction mechanism. The paper outlines their general properties and also suggests their use in certain useful device structures.
Effect of Manganese Deficiency on Glucose Transport and Insulin Binding in Rat Adipocytes

Manganese deficiency results in altered carbohydrate metabolism; both at the level of pancreatic insulin biosynthesis (1) and gluconeogenesis (2). The effects of manganese deficiency on peripheral actions of insulin, however, have not been examined. Evidence of a role for manganese in mediating peripheral actions of insulin has come from several studies. It is well recognized that the insulin receptor is a hormone-dependent kinase that is stimulated by both Mg2+ and Mn2+ (3). Ueda and coworkers (4) have also demonstrated that Mn2+ mildly enhances the extracellular binding of insulin to its receptor, facilitates the physiological actions of insulin and mimics the action of the hormone. Although the role of insulin receptor phosphorylation in the mechanism of insulin action is still disputed, the authors postulate that the insulinomimetic action of Mn2+ may be related to its ability to cause the phosphorylation of the s-subunit of the insulin reeptor and thus “turn on” insulin-related events. Alternatively, Mn2+ may be acting at some step distal to the insulin receptor, such as adenylate cyclase linked processes. In the present studies, we have begun to examine the effect of Mn deficiency on these processes.
Historic Sites’ Role in Teacher Education

Even though historians describe history as a “problem solving” discipline, rarely do students or teachers explicitly see, let alone practice, the processes—evidentiary investigation, analysis, and interpretation—with which historians solve historical problems (Sheets, 2010). “Historians know that there is a distinct difference between history (the product of their investigations) and the past (VanSledright, 2010, p.114).”
Structure and Energetics of the Ionic Surface

This chapter is a brief review of recent advances in the structural and electronic properties of the surfaces of semi-conductor materials with partial bonding ionicity and of how these influence chemical activity at surfaces. As all the material to be covered here can be found in the published literature (see reference 1 for a complete listing of pertinent literature), this review will concentrate on summarizing the broad conclusions that have been drawn from recent experimental, theoretical and computational work. The following items are covered: 1) Surface structure of clean non-polar and polar surfaces as revealed experimentally from low energy electron diffraction (LEED) symmetry and intensity data and interpreted by dynamical electron diffraction analyses. It is shown that the non-polar surfaces of the tetrahedrally coordinated materials (zincblende and wurtzite structure) are terminated to within 0.1 A of ideal lattice positions of the terminating ions. Alternatively, LEED symmetry studies alone indicate that the polar faces are never ideally terminated.
Significance of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on multiaxial deformation and fatigue behaviors of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V including build orientation and surface roughness effects

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has gained significant attention in recent years due to several important advantages. However, design of critical load carrying parts using this technique is still at its infancy, partly due to the inferior performance and lack of sufficient understanding of cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviors of AM metals as compared to their wrought counterparts. Similar to most other components in different industries, AM parts typically undergo cyclic loadings through their service life; therefore, fatigue performance is a key performance criterion. In addition, due to common presence of multiaxial stress states at fatigue critical locations, multiaxial fatigue is of special interest. In this study, thin-walled tubular specimens made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated with powder bed fusion (PBF) process were used to investigate their cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviors. The main focus of this study was on the effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on fatigue performance under uniaxial, torsion, combined in-phase, and 90° out-of-phase axial-torsion loads. To study build orientation effect, both vertically built and diagonally built (at 45°) specimens were included. However, no substantial difference on the fatigue behavior of vertical and 45° built specimens was observed. Although the majority of specimens had a machined surface, some torsional tests with as-built surface were also included to evaluate surface roughness effect. It was found that even after HIP treatment, the rough surface is the dominant factor in shortening the fatigue life. In addition, to evaluate the effectiveness of the HIP treatment, torsion fatigue performance of the HIPed specimens were compared to torsion fatigue performance of annealed AM specimens, as well as to the multiaxial fatigue behavior of the conventional wrought material. Fatigue failure mechanism of the HIPed material was shear, similar to the wrought material, and fatigue performance was found to be similar to the wrought alloy. Fatigue test results were correlated well using a shear-based critical plane parameter approach, also similar to the wrought material. Comparison of multiaxial fatigue data in this study and a similar previous study by the authors indicates that fabrication machine-to-machine and the associated build parameter differences can result in substantial differences in the observed defect size and population, resulting in different failure mechanisms and subsequently different fatigue performance.