cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of siliciclastic clinoforms: An example from the North Slope, Alaska

Abstract Seismically-imaged clinoforms, constrained by well data, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate sedimentary processes using geometric considerations. The Lower Cretaceous of the Alaskan North Slope is a well-known example of large-scale (600 - 2500 m depositional relief), constructional, siliciclastic clinoforms. This study has depth-converted and decompacted a regional seismic profile in this area to evaluate the relationships among depositional slope angles, shelf-edge trajectories, seismic facies, sediment volume ratios, graded/erosional profiles, and lithologies. Insights from this analysis refute several assumptions about clinoform formation, and could help establish a quantitative methodology for clinoform analysis. Few published examples have been decompacted to estimate original depositional relief. In this study, seismically-imaged slopes of about 1.5° - 3.5° have approximately doubled in magnitude after backstripping, owing to their fine-grained nature and deep burial history. These slopes exceed the largest published estimates of constructional (“graded”) margins. North Slope clinoforms that show more evidence of slope erosion and bypass (out-of-grade) have, on average, lower slope angles than graded clinoforms. This observation is contrary to the assumption that higher slope angles correlate with more extensive erosion. In this study, we hypothesized that erosional modification has lowered the clinoform slope. On average, erosionally-modified clinothems have lower angle shelf-edge margin trajectories and thinner topsets relative to foresets/bottomsets. Additionally, erosionally-modified clinoforms are characterized by higher amplitude seismic facies. Well calibration indicates that the higher amplitude response results from interbedded sandstones and shales; low amplitude seismic facies, associated with graded margins, are more mud-prone. Out-of-grade clinoforms likely facilitate additional bypass/deposition of sediment downslope via sediment gravity flows. Flatter shelf margin trajectories indicate sediment supply exceeds accommodation; this may drive greater slope erosion and bypass. A predictive model, employing these clinoform geometric criteria, can assist in delineating intervals of enhanced bypass/submarine fan development. However, wide applicability beyond this example would require additional calibration and further testing.
Multiple testing with close to equally correlated structure

In clinical trials with multiple primary endpoints or with multiple observations on the same sampling unit, the maximum of all observations is a convenient statistic that controls the familywise error rate. The quantile of this statistic depends on the correlation among multiple observations. To simplify modeling, the compound symmetry (CS) covariance structure is frequently used. The assumption of exact compound symmetry cannot usually be justified, and further sensitivity studies under more varied correlations are recommended. The need for multiple simulations may impose an increased demand on computer and time resources. To evaluate the sensitivity of simulation results restricted to CS structure, we calculated the linear part of the Taylor expansion of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the maximum statistic. Furthermore, we derived the Taylor expansion for quantiles of the maximum statistic. Our simulation studies on the linear approximation of quantiles confirmed good performance of the linearization formula.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator: An Approach to Anesthesia-Free Shock Wave Lithotripsy with the Lithostar Unit

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has now evolved to the point where most treatments are rendered either without the need for anesthesia or with the use of only minimal, intravenous sedation. The Siemens Lithostar machine was originally designed to be used with intravenous sedation in combination with local anesthesia. Herein, we report use of a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator unit to achieve satisfactory analgesia in patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy. Overall, 60% of patients were able to undergo treatment with only a TENS unit. More importantly, when the total number of shock waves was limited to 3,000 or fewer, 90% of patients were able to undergo therapy without any supplemental intravenous or local anesthesia. The TENS unit is inexpensive to use, noninvasive, has no associated morbidity, and allows for the same degree of stone fragmentation as is seen with more invasive forms of anesthesia.
Predicting development preferences for fishing sites among diverse anglers

Shifting demographics among angling communities mean that managers may need different amenities at fishing sites to satisfy new constituents. Anglers approach recreational fishing from diverse demographic and cultural perspectives which influence the sites they access and utilize. Understanding linkages between landscape preferences at fishing sites and demographics in shaping those preferences can improve plans for providing better fishing experiences for diverse constituents. We began addressing this need with a survey of 811 resident anglers in North Carolina. Respondents were asked to state their preference for development at fishing locations, and choose between pictures of streams, rivers, and lakes with and without visible docks and walkways. We used logistic regression analysis to model preference for development in each of the four contexts, with demographics and fishing practices as independent variables. Anglers who stated a preference for developed fishing sites and chose pictures with docks and walkways tended to be non-White minorities, female, older than average, and fish more frequently. Consumptive anglers, however, preferred the less developed site. These results suggest that should the current angling population continue to age and diversify, more individuals will desire development of user amenities at fishing sites. Development of family oriented sites may successfully attract and maintain key groups of anglers and encourage intergenerational transfer of fishing as a cultural practice.
Common diagnosis at an unusual age - pulmonary oedema in a toddler.

A 15-month-old toddler presented to the emergency department (ED) with a history of fatigue, rhinitis and reduced oral intake. The medical history was remarkable for diarrhoea (Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Shiga toxin) positive haemolytic uremic syndrome (D+-HUS) 3 months ago with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and hypertension. When HUS was diagnosed, he had a blood pressure of 117/82 mm Hg, anuria over 18 hours and a platelet count of 110x109/L with fragmentocytes on blood film without evidence of complement dysfunction. The patient …
3.14 Inferences in Criminal Cases

This article addresses inferences in criminal cases. It discusses the leading case of County Court of Ulster v. Allen which held that inferences must be rational to be permitted in criminal cases. The Court also held that the rationality of the inference must by determined from the circumstances of each case rather than by assessing the inference on its face.
Improving Hypersharpening for WorldView-3 Data

In this letter, hypersharpening is analyzed in depth by investigating some weaknesses present in its formulation. It is shown that the key formula of the synthesized band variant can be simplified under certain circumstances. In addition, a novel fusion schema is proposed. As a result, the gain factor adopted to weight the injected detail is computed in a different way. This schema can be applied to fuse a wide range of hyperspectral and multispectral data. In this letter, its effectiveness is demonstrated by taking into account the characteristics of WorldView-3 data.
Framing, identity, and responsibility: do episodic vs. thematic framing effects vary by target population?

Extensive political communication research shows that people respond differently to the same policy problem depending on how it is portrayed, or “framed.” Specifically, Iyengar [1991]. Is Anyone Re...
Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Hypertension is a growing problem in children and adolescents, with primary hypertension becoming the most common etiology. In addition to demonstrating that high blood pressure in children and young adults is likely to remain elevated into adulthood, this review (1) addresses important aspects of measuring blood pressure in children and adolescents, (2) defines elevated blood pressure and hypertension in this age group, (3) describes the initial evaluation and workup of abnormally high blood pressure, and (4) introduces treatment strategies for youth with sustained hypertension.
Understanding histone H3 lysine 36 methylation and its deregulation in disease

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) plays crucial roles in the partitioning of chromatin to distinctive domains and the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. Trimethylation of H3K36 (H3K36me3) demarcates body regions of the actively transcribed genes, providing signals for modulating transcription fidelity, mRNA splicing and DNA damage repair; and di-methylation of H3K36 (H3K36me2) spreads out within large intragenic regions, regulating distribution of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and possibly DNA methylation. These H3K36 methylation-mediated events are biologically crucial and controlled by different classes of proteins responsible for either ‘writing’, ‘reading’ or ‘erasing’ of H3K36 methylation marks. Deregulation of H3K36 methylation and related regulatory factors leads to pathogenesis of disease such as developmental syndrome and cancer. Additionally, recurrent mutations of H3K36 and surrounding histone residues are detected in human tumors, further highlighting the importance of H3K36 in biology and medicine. This review will elaborate on current advances in understanding H3K36 methylation and related molecular players during various chromatin-templated cellular processes, their crosstalks with other chromatin factors, as well as their deregulations in the diseased contexts.
Natural Disasters: Some Empirical and Economic Considerations

This study examines the extent of some of the losses resulting from natural disasters. An estimate of these losses is necessary in order to determine the potential benefits that might be realized from mitigating the negative economic impacts from natural disasters. Absolute and relative losses resulting from hurricanes, floods, earthquakes and tornadoes are examined. These data will help individuals, communities, and the Federal government make better decisions as to how and to what extent protection against disasters should be provided. The application of benefit-cost analysis for choosing the optimal level of protection against disasters is also discussed. Recommendations are made for further research in determining the economic feasibility of various techniques designed to mitigate the losses from disasters.
Enhanced NO, CO and C3H6 conversion on Pt/Pd catalysts: Impact of oxygen storage material and catalyst architecture

Abstract Simultaneous conversion of NO, CO and C3H6 under stoichiometric conditions was carried out on washcoated monoliths containing oxygen storage material (OSM)-promoted mixed Platinum group metals (PGM: Pt(95 %)/Pd(5 %)), to evaluate OSM promotion and to identify the best architecture. The studied OSMs include ceria-zirconia (Ce0.3Zr0.7O2; CZO) and mixed metal oxide spinel (Mn0.5Fe2.5O4; MFO). PGM supported directly on the OSM was found to be the best design for CZO, leading to a ∼70 °C simultaneous decrease in the light-off temperature (T80; feed temperature giving 80 % conversion) for NO, CO and C3H6 conversion compared to the alumina-supported PGM. Close coupling between the PGM and CZO is responsible for the activity promotion. In contrast, a dual-layer architecture (top PGM layer, bottom MFO layer) outperformed the MFO-supported PGM catalyst. The dual-layer PGM-MFO catalyst decreased the T80 by ∼50 °C for NO, CO and C3H6 conversion compared to the PGM-only catalyst. Enhancement obtained with the dual-layer PGM-MFO architecture relies on a direct catalytic contribution from the spinel. During lean/rich modulation the addition of CZO or spinel helps to mitigate the detrimental impact of modulation on NO, CO and C3H6 conversion above 400 °C. The data suggest that both CZO and MFO can buffer lean/rich modulation but exhibit preference to different reductants; CZO-supported PGM and dual-layer PGM-MFO show no conversion decrease during modulation for CO or C3H6 modulation, respectively. Dynamic oxygen storage capacity (DOSC) measurements show that the spinel exhibits ∼10 times higher DOSC than CZO for both CO and C3H6 reductants. Both CO and C3H6 are equally effective reductants for the MFO but CO is better for CZO and PGM-deposited CZO. The study provides useful insight into benefits of OSM and provides guidance for optimization of the multi-component PGM + OSM catalyst composition and architecture.
Spectrally Sparse Nonparametric Regression via Elastic Net Regularized Smoothers

Nonparametric regression frameworks, such as generalized additive models (GAMs) and smoothing spline analysis of variance (SSANOVA) models, extend the generalized linear model (GLM) by allowing for...
Prenatally diagnosed vasa previa: association with adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes

BACKGROUND Vasa previa represents a rare prenatal finding with potentially life-threatening risk to the fetus. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the natural history of prenatally diagnosed vasa previa and evaluate the association between antenatally diagnosed vasa previa and adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This was a multicenter descriptive and retrospective study of patients diagnosed prenatally with vasa previa on transvaginal ultrasound in the New York City Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consortium centers between 2012 and 2018. Outcomes evaluated included persistence of vasa previa at the time of delivery, gestational age at delivery, indications for unplanned unscheduled delivery, and neonatal course. RESULTS A total of 165 pregnancies with vasa previa were included, of which 16 were twin gestations. Forty-three cases (26.1%) were noted to resolve on subsequent ultrasound. Of the remaining 122 cases with persistent vasa previa, 46 (37.7%) required unscheduled delivery. Twin gestations were nearly 3 times as likely to require unscheduled delivery as singleton gestations (73.3% vs 25.2%; P<.001). Most infants (70%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was 1 neonatal death (0.9%) because of complications related to prematurity. CONCLUSION Despite the low neonatal mortality rate with prenatal detection of vasa previa, one-third of patients required unscheduled delivery, and more than half of neonates experienced complications related to prematurity.
Long-term Retention of Plutonium in the Respiratory Tracts of Two Acutely-exposed Workers: Estimation of Bound Fraction.

ABSTRACT Inhalation of plutonium is a significant contributor of occupational doses in plutonium production, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and cleanup operations. Accurate assessment of the residence time of plutonium in the lungs is important to properly characterize dose and, consequently, the risk from inhalation of plutonium aerosols. This paper discusses the long-term retention of plutonium in different parts of the respiratory tract of two workers who donated their bodies to the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries. The post-mortem tissue radiochemical analysis results, along with the urine bioassay data, were interpreted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and the latest biokinetic models presented in the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides series of ICRP publications. The materials inhaled by both workers were found to have solubility between that of plutonium nitrates and oxides. The long-term solubility was also confirmed by comparison of the activity concentration in the lungs and the thoracic lymph nodes. The data from the two individuals can be explained by assuming a bound fraction (fraction of plutonium deposited in the respiratory tract that becomes bound to lung tissue after dissolution) of 1% and 4%, respectively, without having to significantly alter the particle clearance parameters. Effects of different assumptions about the bound fraction on radiation doses to different target regions was also investigated. For inhalation of soluble materials, an assumption of fb of 1%, compared to the ICRP default of 0.2%, increases the dose to the most sensitive target region of the respiratory tract by 258% and that to the total lung by 116%. Some possible alternate methods of explaining higher-than-expected long-term retention of plutonium in the upper respiratory tract of these individuals-such as physical sequestration of material into the scar tissues and possible uptake by lungs-are also briefly discussed.
Adolescents' Perceived Socio-Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Implications for Mental Health: Results From a U.S.-Based Mixed-Methods Study.

Abstract Purpose COVID-19 has disrupted many aspects of adolescents' lives, yet little data are available that document their subjective experiences of the pandemic. In a mixed-methods study of U.S. adolescents, we examined (1) adolescents' perceptions of how their social and emotional lives had changed during COVID-19; and (2) associations between these perceived changes and indices of their mental health, above and beyond their prepandemic mental health status. Methods Four hundred seven U.S. adolescents (Mage = 15.24, standard deviation = 1.69; 50% female; 52%, 20% African American, 17% Hispanic/Latinx) completed surveys before (October 2019) and during (April 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. They provided qualitative and quantitative responses on their experiences with COVID-19 and reports of their mental health. Results Adolescents perceived various changes in their relationships with family and friends (e.g., less perceived friend support) during COVID-19. They also perceived increases in negative affect and decreases in positive affect. These perceived social and emotional changes were associated with elevated depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness in April 2020, controlling for mental health problems before the pandemic. Conclusions Our findings sensitize clinicians and scholars to the vulnerabilities (changes in friendship dynamics), as well as resiliencies (supportive family contexts), presented to U.S. adolescents during the early months of COVID-19.
Mining Public Mass Spectrometry Data to Characterize the Diversity and Ubiquity of P. aeruginosa Specialized Metabolites

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that causes chronic infections of burn wounds and in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Vital to its infection is a myriad of specialized metabolites that serve a variety of biological roles including quorum sensing, metal chelation and inhibition of other competing bacteria. This study employed newly available algorithms for searching individual tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra against the publicly available Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) database to identify the chemical diversity of these compounds and their presence in environmental, laboratory and clinical samples. For initial characterization, the metabolomes of eight clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and uploaded to GNPS for spectral searching. Quinolones, rhamnolipids, phenazines and siderophores were identified and characterized; including the discovery of modified forms of the iron chelator pyochelin. Quinolones were highly diverse with the three base forms Pseudomonas quinolone signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS), 4-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone (HHQ) and 2-heptyl-4-quinolone-N-oxide (HQNO) having extensive variation in the length of their acyl chain from as small as 3 carbons to as large as 17. Rhamnolipids were limited to either one or two sugars with a limited set of fatty acyl chains, but the base lipid form without the rhamnose was also detected. These specialized metabolites were identified from diverse sources including ant-fungal mutualist dens, soil, plants, human teeth, feces, various lung mucus samples and cultured laboratory isolates. Their prevalence in fecal samples was particularly notable as P. aeruginosa is not known as a common colonizer of the human gut. The chemical diversity of the compounds identified, particularly the quinolones, demonstrates a broad spectrum of chemical properties within these the metabolite groups with likely significant impacts on their biological functions. Mining public data with GNPS enables a new approach to characterize the chemical diversity of biological organisms, which includes enabling the discovery of new chemistry from pathogenic bacteria.
Does traditional pharmacotherapy augment behavioral modification in the treatment of nocturia

Aims To assess the efficacy of traditional first-line non-antidiuretic pharmacotherapy for nocturia in the real-world outpatient urology setting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed voiding diaries from adult men treated for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at an outpatient urology clinic to identify pairs of voiding diaries with ≥1 nocturnal void at baseline and a corresponding follow-up diary completed within 1 year. We compared the odds of nocturia improvement (decrease of ≥1 nocturnal void) in patients started on LUTS pharmacotherapy versus behavioral modification alone. Results Two hundred and thirteen diary pairs from 93 patients were included. Fifty-seven diary pairs were identified from patients prescribed at least one LUTS drug on the initial visit and 156 diary pairs were identified from patients receiving behavioral modification alone. All standard voiding diary parameters were assessed, and only maximum voided volume differed at baseline (240 ml [interquartile range: 200-330 ml] vs. 280 ml [200-400 ml] with and without pharmacotherapy, respectively, p = 0.04). The odds of nocturia improvement did not significantly differ between pharmacotherapy and behavioral modification treatment groups (crude odds ratio [OR]: 1.16 [95% confidence interval: 0.63-2.16], p = 0.63; maximum voided volume [MVV]-adjusted OR: 1.19 [0.63-2.22], p = 0.59). In contrast, improvement in 24-h urinary frequency was more likely with pharmacotherapy versus behavioral modification alone (crude OR: 2.36 [1.22-4.56], p = 0.01; MVV-adjusted OR: 2.05 [1.05-4.01], p = 0.04). Results were consistent on subgroup analyses restricted to first diary pairs from each patient. Conclusion Despite improvement in 24-h voiding frequency, there was no evidence that adjunctive pharmacotherapy provided a benefit in the treatment of nocturia in men receiving behavioral counseling.
A prospective analysis of the relationship between sexual acceptability and contraceptive satisfaction over time.

Background Contraceptives are used to prevent unwanted pregnancies and treat certain gynecologic conditions, but many women report non-use or inconsistent use because of method dissatisfaction. The sexual acceptability of contraception-how birth control methods affect users' sexual well-being-is likely an important component of contraceptive satisfaction but has yet to be systematically examined. Objective This study aimed to assess contraceptive satisfaction among new-start contraceptive users and examine whether sexual acceptability measures predict contraceptive satisfaction at 3 months while controlling for more commonly measured contraceptive side effects. Study design This analysis used data derived from the baseline, 1-month, and 3-month surveys of the HER Salt Lake Contraceptive Initiative, a prospective cohort study of new contraceptive clients. From March 2016 to March 2017, enrolled participants received their desired contraceptive method at no cost and could switch or discontinue at any time (up to 3 years). This analysis included individuals who continued their new contraceptive method for at least 1 month and completed all relevant survey measures. We used ordered logistic regression modeling to predict contraceptive satisfaction at 3 months. Primary predictor variables included changes in sexual functioning (6-item Female Sexual Function Index), sexual satisfaction (New Sexual Satisfaction Scale), and perceived impact of the contraceptive method on sex life at 1 month. Covariates included vaginal bleeding changes, physical side effects, and mood-related side effects. Results Our analytical sample included 1879 individuals. At 3 months, 52.1% of participants were "completely satisfied" with their contraceptive method, 30.7% were "somewhat satisfied," 4.2% were "neither satisfied nor dissatisfied," 6.9% were "somewhat dissatisfied," and 6.2% were "completely dissatisfied." Compared with patients who said their contraceptive method made their sex life "a lot" worse at 1 month, patients whose method improved their sex life "a lot" had a 7.7 times increased odds of greater satisfaction at 3 months (95% confidence interval, 4.02-14.60; P Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients' sexual experiences of their contraceptive methods are important correlates of satisfaction. Clinicians may wish to underscore that sexual experiences of birth control methods matter and encourage patients to find a contraceptive method that works for them sexually.
In silico discovery and modeling of non-coding RNA structure in viruses

This review covers several computational methods for discovering structured non-coding RNAs in viruses and modeling their putative secondary structures. Here we will use examples from two target viruses to highlight these approaches: influenza A virus-a relatively small, segmented RNA virus; and Epstein-Barr virus-a relatively large DNA virus with a complex transcriptome. Each system has unique challenges to overcome and unique characteristics to exploit. From these particular cases, generically useful approaches can be derived for the study of additional viral targets.
Historical, Theoretical, and Philosophical Bases of Biological Insect Pest Suppression

The practice of various biological methods of insect pest suppression has gained increasing acceptance, indeed popularity, in very recent years. A number of stimuli have led to this situation, not the least of which is the overall popular environmental awareness which followed the publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring in 1962. But, as we shall see, an elegant and complex concept like biological insect pest suppression does not gain stature and prominence overnight, nor does it spring full-flower from the mind of any single person. Historically, the growth of the discipline was slow and sometimes painful; it is studded with a few sparkling success stories, some disappointments, and many unheralded applications that are highly successful, but doomed to obscurity because of that very success. Indeed, the results of a successful program of biological pest suppression are not very impressive unless the situation can be compared to that which existed previously. In the following three chapters we shall touch on some of the highlights in the development of the ideas and practices of “classical” biological insect pest suppression—this is, the directed use of parasitoids, predators, and pathogenic microorganisms to reduce and regulate insect pest populations to subeconomic levels. Some of the more recently developed aspects and agencies of biological insect pest suppression are dealt with in greater detail later (Part 4).
Japan’s Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Narrative, Analysis, and Recommendations

This report provides one of the first coherent, readable narratives of the Fukushima nuclear disaster — what happened in the first few days. It is based on new sources available in Japanese and National Diet testimonies, and is an objective overview of events as they unfolded, rather than an ideologically positioned effort of advocacy. The report goes on to analyze the institutional and governance aspects of Japan’s nuclear oversight, highlighting the fundamental problems that surfaced during the disaster that stem from deeper structural issues. The report also draws upon expertise from a conference held at Stanford University in February 2012 to analyze the politics and industry structure of Japan’s electric power sector, making concrete recommendations for reorganizing the power industry and government oversight structure.
Insurrectionary Womanliness: Gender and the (Boxing) Ring.

Integrating sociological theory on sport with Judith Butler’s concept of insurrectionary speech, the author explores why and how womanliness is produced and problematized. In particular, this article investigates how participating in combat sport violates conventional womanliness by foregrounding physical capability and aggression. Using her identity as a female fighter as a starting point to engage the cultural construction of womanliness, the author connects a critical/cultural look at gender and sport with autoethnography. Key Words: Sport, Gender, Identity, Femininity, Authoethnography. “That’s not for ladies.” This is what my mother said when I told her I was taking a Muay Thai fight, and it remains the one and only time my mother told me an ambition was out of reach because of my gender. My mother approved of my martial arts training as long as it focused on self-defense and remaining fit. Engaging in physical combat was a different matter entirely. A woman who encouraged me to go to graduate school, cheered when I completed a marathon, and who has consistently rolled her eyes at my grandmother’s (her mother’s) emphasis on marriage as the ultimate social achievement for a woman, my mother is not a loud proponent of traditional female roles. Thus for me, my mother’s concern over, disapproval of, and high degree of discomfort with fighting signified a clear boundary. Women aren’t supposed to want to hit somebody until they bleed, they aren’t supposed to draw a sense of satisfaction from the way an opponent’s body crumples when you land a solid hit, and they certainly aren’t supposed to feel unapologetic about knocking out an opponent in 19 seconds. In the rare case when women want to do these things, it is assumed they will not want to take part in traditional feminine activities like baking, home decorating, and pedicures. Though I never expected to be a fighter, and will only have a small amateur career, what I expected even less was that being a woman and being a fighter would prove to be a near-oxymoronic conundrum. My identity as a female fighter, and my surprise at how very much and how very consistently this identity problematizes social standards of femininity is my starting point from which to engage womanliness, a way to explore the promise and problems of insurrectionary speech. Insurrectionary speech is a concept developed by Butler (1997) in Excitable Speech which she defines as expressing “conventional formulae in non-conventional ways” (p. 147). In so doing, insurrectionary speech destabilizes a standard way of being or relating to one’s environment, thus “stripping” traditional or standardized frameworks of their position as a norm (Baez, 2001, p. 146). Insurrectionary speech is typically discussed as a positive opportunity for empowerment, a way to rewrite a disempowering stereotype—and there is no doubt that insurrectionary speech can do this—but what happens when one wants to lay claim to the traditional as well? What happens when one wants more than what is left behind after the conventional has been stripped away, or
An ILEC's view of next generation networking

Three interdependent facets of next generation optical networks-flexible mesh topologies, converged wavelength transport/switching platforms, optical control plane-are discussed in the context of their role in the evolving ILEC metro area transport network.
Self-Esteem: Concerns, Strategies, Resources

An examination of four factors essential to high self-esteem as well as teaching strategies and materials to promote each of these four factors
Clinical experience in prevention of candidiasis by nystatin in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia

for the prevention of renal oSteodystrophy. In addition, fluid intake was restricted (he was anephric) and an anticholinergic drug was prescribed, both of which probably contributed to the constipation. It is difficult to know which factor played .the major part in the eventual bowel obstruction, but it would seem reasonable to exert due caution when any patient requires chronic usage of aluminum hydroxide. Efforts to lessen constipation, such as liberal fluid intake, use of laxatives, and, if renal function is not compromised, alternate use of magnesium containing antacids may reduce the risk of a fecal impaction. An appropriate history for constipationshould be a part of the ongoing care of these patients while they are receiving antacid therapy.
A multi-compartment model for genomic selection in multi-breed populations

Abstract Genome wide evaluation methods are often conducted using purebred populations. Estimation and often validation are carried out using primarily select elite animals. This process is successful when estimated SNP effects are used to predict genomic breeding values of animals of similar breed. This approach fails when SNP estimates in one breed are used for genomic prediction in other breeds. In this study, we proposed a multi-compartment model where the effect of an SNP marker could differ between breeds. Two simulation scenarios were carried out using an admixed population of two divergent lines (A and B), first using a low density panel (300 SNPs) and second using a high density panel (60 k SNPs). Divergence between the two lines was artificially created by multiplying marker effects in one line by a variable α which was sampled from different uniform or normal distributions. The proposed method was compared to the pooled data approach based on the accuracy of predicting the true breeding values. In the first simulation scenario, the prediction accuracy using the pooled data approach for line A, was 0.40, 0.39 and 0.38 when α was generated from a uniform distribution between [−2, 2], [−4, 4] and [−8, 8] respectively. Using our proposed method, the corresponding accuracies were 0.47, 0.46 and 0.46, respectively. A similar trend was observed for line B with a clear superiority of the multi-compartment model over the pooled data approach with an increase ranging from 17 to 47% and increases as the divergence between lines increases. In the second scenario, when α was sampled from a uniform [−2.2], accuracy for line A (B) was 0.32 (0.30) using pooled data model, and 0.33 (0.32) using the multi-compartment model. Although smaller than in first simulation scenario, the proposed method still has a superiority of 3 to 7%. Similar performance was observed when α was sampled from uniform [−4,4].
Example of color screening

An example is given of an admissible configuration of SU(3) gauge fields that completely screens an intense source of color and that has a lower energy than the corresponding Coulomb configuration.
Measurement of solids distribution in suspension flows using electrical resistance tomography

Neutrally buoyant particles in low Reynolds number, pressure-driven suspension flows migrate from regions of high to low shear. When the particle density differs from the suspending fluid, buoyancy forces affect this particle migration. The ratio between the buoyancy and viscous forces, as quantified by a dimensionless buoyancy number, determines the phase distribution of the fully developed suspension. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was used to visualize and quantify particle migration in low Reynolds number pressure-driven pipe flows of dense and light particles suspended in a viscous fluid. The measured phase distributions are compared to the predictions of a modified suspension balance model.
Federal Board Students’ Judging Contest

Abstract On Friday, December 2nd at the first Federal Board Students Judging Contest ever held in connection with the Great Heart of America Poultry Show at Kansas City, Missouri, the team from Kansas State Agricultural College took first honors with a score of 2420 points out of a possible 3200. The University of Missouri placed second, 2370 points ; the University of Nebraska, third, 2305 points ; and Iowa State College (Ames ) fourth with 2295 points. A. F. Hartman of Missouri and N. R. Bickford of Kansas tied for highest individnal honors, each receiving 665 points or 80% out of a possible 800. The tie was finally broken in favor of Mr. Hartman as he had placed three classes perfect to Mr. Bickford’s two. The team consisted of N. R. Bickford, Arlie Duree, Carl O. Watson, and Clyde E. Stout. These men are all veterans of the World War sent . . .
Honeywell resistor array development and future directions

In 1991 the Honeywell Technology Center began the development of large area 2D microemitter arrays for IR scene projection. Since then, 5 different types of 512 X 512 or larger arrays have been fabricated, all in current use. This paper will review the status, properties, and applications of these arrays. Pixel and array improvements which will lead to ultralow power consumption, very high performance, very fast 1024 square arrays are under development. A number of these efforts are described.
Infrared absorption by one-dimensional ionic lattices

Abstract The absorption spectrum due to the atomic motion in a one-dimensional ionic lattice, considered to consist of point particles of equal mass and alternating charge with Coulomb interaction and nearest-neighbor repulsion, is found to consist of a line of shape [− 1n (ω max − ω)] 12/ (ω max − ω) 3 2 .
Anomalous heat capacity of Agx and the nonlinear temperature dependence of the formation energy of Frenkel defects

Abstract The nonlinear decrease of Gibbs free energy (gF) for the formation of Frenkel defects in Agx accounts for the anomalous increase of electrical conductivity and self-diffusion in this system. Using an analytical expression for gF(T) the excess heat capacity for Frenkel defects is calculated. A comparison with experimental data indicates that all the anomalies of heat capacity at high temperature is not accounted for. A contribution from Schottky defects is thus probable.
Enzymology of Plasma Membranes of Insect Intestinal Cells

The enzymology of insect intestinal cell plasma membranes is a field of scientific research that is in the earliest stages of development. In this paper the few published studies specifically designed to isolate plasma membranes from insect intestinal cells and determine the enzymes associated with them are reviewed in light of both older studies that approached these problems less directly and recent results from our laboratory. In the past few years reliable methods have been developed for the isolation of specific portions of plasma membranes from the epithelial cells of the midguts of a few insect larvae. These membrane preparations have been assayed for a variety of enzyme activities. Alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase have shown promise as potential markers for the plasma membranes of insect larval midgut cells. However, only the latter enzyme currently stands unchallenged as a marker for the apical portion of the plasma membrane of insect midgut columnar epithelial cells. No enzymes can yet be considered to be even tentatively established as markers for the basal or lateral portions of insect intestinal cells.
The effects of chronic oral milrinone therapy on early postinfarction left ventricular remodeling

Left ventricular remodeling following acute transmural myocardial infarction may result in early left ventricular enlargement. To characterize the effects of milrinone on components of early left ventricular dilation, rats (n = 120) underwent left coronary artery ligation or sham surgery. In the immediate postoperative period, rats received either no treatment or milrinone (3.17 ± 0.08 mg/kg/day) dissolved in drinking water for 20 days. Twenty-one days after the initial surgery, hemodynamic measurements were made. The rats were then put to death and the hearts arrested in diastole were excised and fixed at a constant pressure for morphometric analysis. To examine the effects of milrinone on the relative contribution of infarcted and noninfarcted segments to early left ventricular dilation after acute myocardial infarction, a subgroup of infarcted rats chosen randomly was put to death 3 days after the initial surgery for morphometric analysis. Compared with infarcted untreated rats, infarcted milrinone-treated rats had a lower left ventricular volume (1.41 ± 0.07 ml/kg vs 2.16 ± 0.19 ml/kg, p < 0.001), lower left ventricular wall stress (0.64 ± 0.03 vs 0.91 ± 0.06, p < 0.001), and a lower expansion index (1.61 ± 0.12 vs 2.61 ± 0.22, p < 0.001). Morphometric analysis revealed that the noninfarcted segment length did not differ between the two infarcted groups either 3 days or 21 days after left coronary artery ligation. Infarct segment length also did not differ between the two infarcted groups at 3 days, but at 21 days infarct segment was shorter in the milrinone-treated group compared with the untreated group (p < 0.03). An increase in infarct segment length/total endocardial circumference ratio between day 3 and day 21 was observed only in the untreated group of rats. Thus milrinone begun in the immediate postinfarction period in a rat myocardial infarction model attenuates left ventricular dilation when hearts are examined 3 weeks later. This attenuation of early postinfarction left ventricular dilation with milrinone appears to be related to its effects on infarct zone remodeling.
Performance of large low-associativity caches

While it is known that lowering the associativity of caches degrades cache performance, little is understood about the degree of this effect or how to lessen the effect, especially in very large caches. Most existing works on cache performance are simulation or emulation based and there is a lack of analytical\ models characterizing performance in terms of different configuration parameters such as line size, cache size, associativity and workload specific parameters. We develop analytical models to study performance of large cache architectures by capturing the dependence of miss ratio on associativity and other configuration parameters. While high associativity may decrease cache misses, for very large caches the corresponding increase in hardware cost and power may be significant. We use our models as well as simulation to study different proposals for reducing misses in low associativity caches, specifically, address space randomization and victim caches. Our analysis provides specific detail on the impact of these proposals, and a clearer understanding of why they do or do not work.
Ion desorption by core-hole Auger decay

We present evidence for a fundamentally new mechanism for impact-induced desorption, viz., core-hole Auger decay. We thereby explain why observed thresholds for electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of positive ions (${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$, O${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{F}}^{+}$) from certain $d$-band metal oxides (Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, and W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) correlate in energy with the ionization potential of the highest-lying atomic core levels. We conclude that electron-stimulated desorption is in many interesting cases an atom-specific, valence-sensitive probe of surfaces.
Design and Test of Microfluidic Biochips

Microfluidics-based biochips are revolutionizing laboratory procedures involving molecular biology. Advances in microfluidics technology offer exciting possibilities for high-throughput DNA sequencing analysis, protein crystallization, drug discovery, immunoassays, and environmental toxicity monitoring. Another emerging application area for microfluidics-based biochips is clinical diagnostics, especially the immediate point-of-care diagnosis of diseases. Defect tolerance is a key requirement for biochips that are used for healthcare and environmental monitoring. There is a need to deliver the same level of computer-aided design (CAD) support to the biochip designer that the semiconductor industry now takes for granted. These CAD tools will allow designers to harness the new technology that is rapidly emerging for integrated biofluidics. This talk will present early work on design and test techniques for microfluidic biochips. The speaker will describe synthesis tools that can map behavioral descriptions to a droplet-based microfluidic biochip and generate an optimized schedule of bioassay operations, the binding of assay operations to functional units, and the layout and droplet flow-paths for the biochip. Cost-effective testing techniques will be presented to detect faults after manufacture and during field operation. It will be shown how on-line and off-line reconfiguration techniques can be used to easily bypass faults once they are detected. Thus the biochip user can concentrate on the development of the nano-and micro-scale bioassays, leaving implementation details to design automation tools.
Flow cytometry for natural killer T cells: multi-parameter methods for multifunctional cells

Valpha24-Jalpha18 invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are an evolutionary conserved sub-lineage of T cells with effector-memory phenotype that often express an NK cell surface antigen CD161 and is characterized by reactivity to self-glycolipids and alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) that are presented by monomorphic HLA class-I-like molecule CD1d. Upon antigen recognition, iNKT cells can rapidly produce multiple cytokines and chemokines and regulate development of Th-2 and Th-1 immune responses. Potential importance of iNKT cells has been demonstrated in several animal models of infection diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. Multi-parameter flow cytometry has been the main tool to study human and murine iNKT cells. Analysis of human iNKT cells is particularly demanding since their frequency among peripheral blood T cells is relatively low ranging from less than 0.01% to 1%, with a mean of about 0.1%. Herein, we discuss flow cytometry applications that are utilized for iNKT cell identification and enumeration, subset characterization, detection of intracellular cytokines, quantitative analysis of multiple secreted molecules, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and migration.
On the Propagation of Energy in a Stratified Gaseous Medium

Energy propagation theory applicable to wide class of stratifications, small amplitude disturbances and expression for modes of motion of compressible fluid under gravity
A Combined Finite Element-Upwind Finite Volume Method for Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Simulations

In this paper, a three-dimensional, two-phase transport model of liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which is based on the multiphase mixture formulation and encompasses all components in a DMFC using a single computational domain, is specifically studied and simulated by a combined finite element-upwind finite volume discretization along with Newton’s method, where flow, species, charge-transport and energy equations are simultaneously addressed. Numerical simulations in 3D are carried out to explore and design efficient and robust numerical algorithms for the sake of fast and convergent nonlinear iteration. A more reasonable source term of water transport equation, and a series of efficient numerical algorithms and discretizations are specifically designed and analyzed to assist in achieving this goal. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the convergent and correct physical solutions can be attained within 100 more steps, against the oscillating and long-running nonlinear iterations (up to 5000 steps) operated by standard finite element/volume method without new numerical techniques.Copyright © 2008 by ASME