cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semiempirical and Ab Initio Modeling of Chemical Processes

The origin of the catalytic power of enzymes is one of the most fundamental problems in molecular biophysics. Our opinion is that enzyme catalysis can be accounted for by the available physical concepts and does not require a new paradigm in thermodynamics or quantum mechanics. The difficulty encountered in studying these systems computationally is associated with the fact that enzymes are complex systems and the science of modeling complex systems is, in many respects, in its infancy. Nonetheless, computational and conceptual studies of enzymes have yielded two important points. First, even the most rigorous modeling of the isolated solute reaction in the gas phase cannot provide meaningful information about the corresponding reaction in an enzyme [l–3]. Second, including the enzyme but neglecting the solvent surrounding it similarly provides unreliable results [4]. In our opinion, it is necessary to model the entire system, the solute, enzyme and surrounding solvent, in order to obtain reliable results for a reaction in an enzyme active site or even a reaction in bulk solvent. Consequently, one is often forced to represent the complete system in an approximate way rather than examining a smaller part of it in a rigorous way. Only when this complete solute-protein-solvent model produces meaningful results (e.g. reproduces asymptotic energetics or pKa’s in solution) should a gradual improvement of the components of that model, such as improving the level of theory describing the solute, be attempted.
Professional standards and accounting change: A comparative study of the financial reporting practices for commercial service charges in the UK retail and office sectors 2010-2013

Purpose – This research aims to continue previous work by the author in the field of commercial service charge management in the UK, offering a unique cross-sectoral comparison in this paper. While prior studies have approached only one sector, this study analyzes both retail and office sectors in the UK. It examines the financial reporting and administrative practices of managing agents and the overall quality of commercial service charge documents, through which it offers commentary on the standard of professional service in service charge provision. It achieves this by benchmarking performance achieved against the accounting requirements of the UK RICS Code of Practice, Service Charges in Commercial Property. Design/methodology/approach – Data were hand collected from analysis of actual service charge documents supplied to commercial retail occupiers at 100 UK office buildings and 100 UK shopping centres during the period of 2010-2013. This process ensures authenticity by removing reliance upon third-p...
Effect of Pressure on Piloted Ignition Delay of PMMA

In order to reduce the risk of decompression sickness associated with spacewalks, NASA is considering designing the next generation of exploration vehicles and habitats with a different cabin environment than used previously. The proposed environment uses a total cabin pressure of 52.7 to 58.6 kPa with an oxygen concentration of 30 to 34% by volume and was chosen with material flammability in mind. Because materials may burn differently under these conditions and there is little information on how this new environment affects the flammability of the materials onboard, it is important to conduct material flammability experiments at the intended exploration atmosphere. One method to evaluate material flammability is by its ease of ignition. To this end, piloted ignition delay tests were conducted in the Forced Ignition and Spread Test (FIST) apparatus subject to this new environment. In these tests, polymethylmethacylate (PMMA) was exposed to a range of oxidizer flow velocities and externally applied heat fluxes. The ultimate goal is to determine the individual effect of pressure and the combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on the ignition delay. Tests were conducted for a baseline case of normal pressure and oxygen concentration, low pressure (58.6 kPa) with normal oxygen (21%). Future work will focus on low pressure with 32% oxygen concentration (space exploration atmosphere - SEA) conditions. It was found that reducing the pressure while keeping the oxygen concentration at 21% reduced the ignition time by 17% on average. It was also noted that the critical heat flux for ignition decreases in low-pressure conditions. Because tests conducted in standard atmospheric conditions will underpredict the flammability of materials intended for use on spacecraft, fire safety onboard at exploration atmospheres may be compromised.
Trackless online algorithms for the server problem

Abstract A class of “simple” online algorithms for the k -server problem is identified. This class, for which the term trackless is introduced, includes many known server algorithms. The k -server conjecture fails for trackless algorithms. A lower bound of 23/11 on the competitiveness of any deterministic trackless 2 -server algorithm and a lower bound of 1+ 2 /2 on the competitiveness of any randomized trackless 2 -server problem are given.
Facile solid phase synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted-6-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinazolines using a tetrafunctional scaffold

Solid phase synthesis of 1, 2-disubstituted-6-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinazolines is described. The new tetrafunctional scaffold N-Alloc-3-amino-3-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)propionic acid was prepared by nitration of 3-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propionic acid. The scaffold was anchored to Rink resin via its carboxylic group and treated with primary amines to displace the arylfluorine followed by cyclization with aryl isothiocyanates in the presence of DIC upon Alloc deprotection to afford 1,2-disubstituted-6-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinazolines in high yield.
Time-Sampled Linear Optical Phase Demodulation

Time-sampled optical phase demodulation is proposed, based on heterodyne detection of a phase modulated signal, digital frequency division and measurement of the timing of zero-crossings using an XOR-gate. 30dB improvement in intermodulation terms is measured.
CAUDAL AUTOTOMY IN AFRICAN SNAKES OF THE GENERA NATRICITERES LOVERIDGE AND PSAMMOPHIS BOIE

(1987). CAUDAL AUTOTOMY IN AFRICAN SNAKES OF THE GENERA NATRICITERES LOVERIDGE AND PSAMMOPHIS BOIE. The Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 18-19.
The Ribosomal Biogenesis Protein Utp21 Interacts with Hsp90 and Has Differing Requirements for Hsp90-Associated Proteins

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 buffers the effects of genetic variation by assisting the stabilization and folding of multiple clients critical for cell signaling and growth. We identified an interaction of Hsp90 and associated proteins with the essential nucleolar protein, Utp21, part of a large complex required for biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit. The utp21-S602F mutation, which causes minor defects in otherwise wild-type yeast, exhibited severe or lethal growth defects when combined with mutations in Hsp90 or co-chaperones. WT Utp21 and Utp21-S602F exhibited similar interactions with Hsp90, and steady-state levels of WT Utp21 were reduced upon Hsp90 mutation or inhibition. Mutations in the human homolog of UTP21, WDR36, have been associated with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Three different mutant forms of Utp21 analogous to glaucoma-associated WDR36 mutations exhibit reduced levels in yeast cells expressing mutations in Hsp90 or associated chaperones, suggesting that Hsp90 and co-chaperones buffer the effects of those mutations.
Pharmacological specificity of the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys

Abstract Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) discrimination has been used as an animal model of cannabis intoxication in humans. While numerous studies have examined the discriminative stimulus effects of cannabinoids in rats and pigeons, studies with monkeys have been rare. In the present study, rhesus monkeys, trained to discriminate Δ9-THC from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure, were tested with a variety of psychoactive drugs, including cannabinoids as well as drugs from other classes. Results showed that Δ9-THC discrimination showed pharmacological specificity, in that none of the non-cannabinoid drugs fully substituted for Δ9-THC. In contrast, the classical cannabinoids, Δ9-THC and Δ8-THC, and the novel cannabinoids, WIN 55212-2 and 1-butyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, produced full dose-dependent substitution for Δ9-THC in all monkeys. A heptyl indole derivative failed to substitute for Δ9-THC, but it also did not displace [3H] CP 55940 from its binding site. These findings are consistent with those of previous cannabinoid discrimination studies with rats and suggest that results of Δ9-THC discrimination studies in rhesus monkeys may be predictive of the subjective effects of cannabinoid drugs in humans.
Measurement of molecular concentrations and line parameters using line-locked second harmonic spectroscopy with an AlGaAs diode laser

The technique of line-locked wavelength modulation with 2f detection is applied to the measurement of water vapor concentration and absorption line parameters by using an 820-nm AlGaAs communications diode laser. Measurements of the 2f signal as a function of the modulation amplitude yield accurate concentrations and line parameters over a pressure range of an order of magnitude and half-widths from 0.02 to 0.15 cm−1. Using two different spectral lines, we determined concentrations and line parameters with 1% precision, and the absolute accuracy of the line parameters is 3% or better. The results have been used to calculate calibration curves for a diode laser humidity monitor.
Colloidal plasmas in space - Some aspects of condensation and growth of solids

The abundant occurrence of colloidal plasma clouds in the observable universe is reviewed, and the possible locales of condensation of cosmic solids identified. The physical properties of the condensation environment and the thermal physics of the plasma-cluster medium are outlined. In the light of these discussions, an attempt is made to identify the salient features of the processes of nucleation and growth in space. It is suggested that the conventional nucleation theory is inadequate when applied to the tenuous, partially excited, partially ionized multispecies cosmic vapor phase, and that studies relying on the physics of progressive molecule growth in such environments hold promise of understanding the process of transition of a cluster from the size of a few atomic mass units through the macromolecular range into what may be characterized as the bulk condensed phase.
Anelastic measurement of atomic mobility under non-equilibrium conditions

Abstract The inelastic method for the measurement of atomic mobility in substitutional solid solutions, which has been applied previously to the study of silver-zinc solid solutions under equilibrium conditions, is now used to measure mobility in these same alloys after quenching-in of an excess of vacancies. From the variation of the initial relaxation time with temperature of measurement, it is possible to separate the composite “activation energy” for atomic movement into the heat of formation of a vacancy and the heat of activation for the movement of a vacancy. In the case of a 70-30 silver-zinc alloy the values obtained are 11.8 kcal/mole for the heat of formation, and 19.7 kcal/mole for the heat of activation associated with a vacancy. The mole fraction of vacancies that are frozen in by quenching from 400°C, calculated from the experimental results, is 5 X 10 −4 ; the corresponding “freezing-in” temperature is probably about 300°C. The early part of the vacancy decay curve represents an approximately exponential time decay; in the later part of this curve the rate of disappearance of vacancies is very much diminished. The effect of cold working is to increase the rate of vacancy decay. A lower limit is estimated for the number of jumps of a vacancy before its annihilation; this value is consistent with the concept that dislocations act as sinks for vacancies.
The ABCs of Eye Color in Tribolium castaneum: Orthologs of the Drosophila white, scarlet, and brown Genes

In Drosophila melanogaster, each of the three paralogous ABC transporters, White, Scarlet and Brown, is required for normal pigmentation of the compound eye. We have cloned the three orthologous genes from the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Conceptual translations of Tribolium white (Tcw), scarlet (Tcst), and brown (Tcbw) are 51, 48, and 32% identical to their respective Drosophila counterparts. We have identified loss-of-eye-pigment strains that bear mutations in Tcw and Tcst: the Tcw gene in the ivory (i) strain carries a single-base transversion, which leads to an E → D amino-acid substitution in the highly conserved Walker B motif, while the Tcst gene in the pearl (p) strain has a deletion resulting in incorporation of a premature stop codon. In light of these findings, the mutant strains i and p are herein renamed whiteivory (wi) and scarletpearl (stp), respectively. In addition, RNA inhibition of Tcw and Tcst recapitulates the mutant phenotypes, confirming the roles of these genes in normal eye pigmentation, while RNA interference of Tcbw provides further evidence that it has no role in eye pigmentation in Tribolium. We also consider the evolutionary implications of our findings.
Reid on Consciousness: Hop, Hot or For?

Thomas Reid claims to share Locke's view that consciousness is a kind of inner sense. This is puzzling, given the role the inner-sense theory plays in indirect realism and in the theory of ideas generally. I argue that Reid does not in fact hold an inner-sense theory of consciousness and that his view differs importantly from contemporary higher-order theories of consciousness. For Reid, consciousness is a first-order representational process in which a mental state with a particular content suggests the application of recognitional concepts in forming beliefs or judgements to the effect that one is currently undergoing a state with that content. I take up the question of whether Reid's theory leads to a regress, and I argue that while the regress cannot be eliminated, it is mitigated by the non-hierarchical nature of Reid's theory of mind.
Die erholung des Elektrischen Widerstandes von Kaltverformtem wolfram

Zusammenfassung Die Erholung des elektrischen Widerstandes nach Kaltverformung wurde an zonengeschmolzenem W, pulvermetallurgisch hergestelltem W und W mit Fremdstoffzusatzen untersucht. Bei zonengeschmolzenem Material wird nach Verformung bei 80°C von 100–300°C ein kontinuierlicher Erholungsbereich, von 300–500°C Stufe III, von 500–800°C ein kontinuierlicher Erholungsbereich (IV) und von 800–1000°C Stufe V beobachtet. Rekristallisation beginnt bei 920°C. Als Aktivierungsenergie ergab sich fur den Temperaturbereich 200–250° 1,47 ± 0,05 eV, fur Stufe III 1,70–1,95 eV, fur den Temperaturbereich 600–920°C 3,3 ± 0,1 eV. Fur Stufe III wird fur die isotherme Erholung im Anfansbereich ein √ t -Gesetz, im Mittel- und Endbereich eine Reaktion 2. Ordnung beobachtet. Fremdstoffzusatze (0,1 At.%) ergeben nur sehr geringen Einfluβ auf Stufe III, dagegen starken Einfluβ auf Bereich IV und Stufe V. Fur Stufe III werden als Deutung diskutiert: 1. (1) Eine Veranderung in der Anordnung von interstitiellen Fremdatomen, 2. (2) das Ausheilen von atomaren Fehlstellen. Da uber Platzwechselvorgange von interstitiellen Fremdatomen in W keine sicheren Angaben bekannt sind, laβt sich uber den moglichen Beitrag derartiger Vorgange nichts Endgultiges sagen. Die Ahnlichkeit im Reaktionsablauf des Erholungsvorganges zu anderen krz.- und kfz.-Metallen legt jedoch die Deutung nahe, daβ Zwischengitteratome mit Leerstellen rekombinieren. Fur die Vorgange oberhalb 500°C besteht Unicherheit, in welchem Umfange Punktfehler und Versetzungen zu den beobachteten Widerstandsanderungen beitragen.
The liver and endogenous androgens.

SummaryWhen testicular tissue was implanted into the immature rat so that its venous drainage passed through the liver, there was a lack of androgenic stimulation evident in the castrate condition of the penis, prostate and seminal vesicles after a period of one to 2 months. When the testicular tissue was implanted subcutaneously, some androgenic effect on the penis and accessories was obtained. Interstitial cells in varying numbers were present in all grafts. This finding indicates probable endocrine function by the implanted tissue. It is tentatively concluded that the lack of androgenic stimulation in animals with intra-mesenteric implants of testicular tissue is due to inactivation of testicular androgens by the liver. This is in agreement with similar experiments using implanted crystals of testosterone propionate and methyl testosterone.5, 6
Radiation Effects on Commercial 4-Kilobit NMOS Memories

The 4K NMOS dynamic RAM is one of the least radiation tolerant of modern semiconductor devices. Samples from seven manufacturers exhibit a uniformly high susceptibility to total dose with the failure threshold starting at 1700 rads (Si) and the parts completely dead by 3500 rads (Si). The entire circuit is dynamic including the peripheral circuitry with the sense amps detecting 200 millivolt signals. In the tested population, most failed for VGT shifts. The design will tolerate <0.2 volt change. Test transistors on the die were measured confirming this conclusion. Circuit analysis and electrical autopsy indicate the X and Y decoders are stuck in "1" state causing failure. Most 4K NMOS devices are processed for optimization of electrical performance, commercial reliability and yield. These processes utilize chlorine oxides for stability, ? 1000 A thick gate oxides for static discharge reliability, and silicon gate techniques for threshold and speed requirements. Changes in any of these processes affect at least one of the "optimized" performance criteria adversely so that the devices no longer meet commercial price/performance requirements. Increased complexity NMOS devices, such as 16K RAM's and microprocessors, utilize extensions of the existing NMOS technology and will also be very susceptible to ionizing radiation.
Clustering of Charged Adsorbates: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Observations of Chlorine on Gallium-Rich GaAs(001)-c(8×2)

The forces between adsorbates on metals are often repulsive due to dipole−dipole interactions. Electronegative adsorbates on semiconductors, however, sometimes form clusters, exhibiting attractive interactions even though the same dipole−dipole model should apply. Here we report observations with scanning tunneling microscopy of the clustering of chlorine chemisorbed on the gallium arsenide(001)-c(8×2) surface. For this system, the adsorbate has been found to have an anomalously high mobility; the clustering is therefore clearly energetically favored, rather than kinetically frozen. The clustering can be understood on a purely electrostatic basis. Because the Cl−Ga bonds are not normal to the surface, clusters more closely resemble an ionic crystal than an array of dipoles. Charging of the second-neighbor Ga of the Cl adsorbate enhances this effect.
Biobased composition boards made from cotton gin and guayule wastes: select physical and mechanical properties

Using biomass materials such as cotton gin byproducts (CGB) and guayule wastes in value-added products can help the economics of these crops, and additionally, aid in alleviating waste management and environmental problems. A study was conducted to assess important physical and mechanical properties of composition boards made from select CGB and guayule waste. Boards were made from five different ratios of cotton gin and guayule wastes: 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100. Overall, the biobased CGB and guayule waste boards showed great potential. However, refinement is needed to further enhance the performance of these biomasses for composite board applications.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the ethics of clinical research in pediatrics.

The emergence of an innovative treatment as standard therapy has serious legal, ethical, and economic consequences, especially in pediatrics. Since children are unable to consent to or refuse treat...
Mathematics Placement and the Transition to Middle School

The transition to middle school has been a frequent research topic in recent years. The findings have highlighted both the significant risk and opportunity for school counselor intervention in the transition. One particularly important component of the multifaceted transition is course placement. The importance and influence of mathematics and mathematics placement and the role of the school counselor in this process are outlined. Specifically, pilot data that underscore the importance of school counselor collaboration with parents and mathematics faculty are presented.
The acquisition of taste aversions in humans with eating and drinking disorders.

Abstract A written questionnaire or interview concerned with acquisition of illness-induced (taste) aversions to foods and drinks was given to three groups of people with eating and drinking disorders. These groups consisted of 101 male and 1 female hospitalized alcoholics, 8 male and 8 female college-student heavy consumers of alcohol and 18 females with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia. In most respects taste-aversion acquisition in these three groups was similar to taste-aversion acquisition in a general college-student population previously studied by Logue, Ophir and Strauss (1981), and to taste-aversion acquisition in other species. In all three groups the aversions were more likely to be reported as having been formed through forward rather than simultaneous or backward conditioning, and long-delay learning was frequent. The aversions usually formed to the tastes rather than to the appearance or other aspects of the foods and drinks. Extinction appeared more effective in decreasing the aversions than did forgetting. While the illness responsible for the aversions forming was usually attributed to the subsequently aversive food or drink, in at least one third of the cases subjects reported that something else might have caused their illness. Aversions were more likely to have formed to relatively less familiar and less preferred foods and drinks. However, the hospitalized alcoholics reported fewer aversions, less generalization of aversions, and stronger nausea as the cause of the aversions than did Logue et al .'s (1981) subjects. About 15% of these subjects reported taste aversions to alcoholic beverages. The college-student heavy consumers of alcohol reported no generalization of their taste aversions, but in other respects were similar to Logue et al. 's subjects. Thirty-one percent of these subjects reported taste aversions to alcoholic beverages. The anorexic and bulimic subjects were also similar to Logue et al. 's subjects with the exception that they, like the hospitalized alcoholics, reported stronger nausea as the cause of the aversions. These data may help to understand and treat people with eating and drinking disorders
Increasing incidence of right sided colon carcinoma in a suburban population from 1994 to 2001

Increasing incidence of right sided colon carcinoma in a suburban population from 1994 to 2001
Delta path methods for modeling the effects of multiple selective associations in adoption designs

In analyses of family data, multiple direct association processes can be modeled by the use of delta path methods derived by Van Eerdewegh (1982), especially the transitivity principle. The method is described for the case of an adoption study involving potential selective matching of adopting parents to two sets of biological parents of adopted offspring in the presence of assortative mating for both wed and unwed couples. Second- and third-order delta paths may be derived by application of the transitivity principle, and these higher-order paths are very convenient in formulating expectations that are due to direct and indirect association processes. Expectations are derived for resemblance among all adults in this three-couple adoption system; examples are given also for deriving parent-offspring expectations to illustrate the general use of higher-order delta paths in structural models of familial resemblance. Matrix notation is employed in order to facilitate the application of the methods in developmental and/or multivariate models.
Microcirculation of tumors part II: The supervascularized state of irradiated regressing tumors

A ‘supervascularization' phenomenon of irradiated regressing tumors has been demonstrated by the use of correlative microangiographic and histologic techniques in transplanted rat tumors. This supervascularization effect is more consistently seen with tumor regression after fractionated dose schedules. After large single doses, the vasculature of both tumors and normal tissues tends to be fragmented despite tumor regression. It is essential to preserve present fractionation schemes in radiotherapy since, as a result of regression and supervascularization, there may often be better oxygenated cell populations available for each subsequent fractional dose of radiation. A clinical trial is in progress using atmospheric oxygen breathing by mask, so that present fractionation dose schedules may be more easily preserved.
Creep-fatigue-environment interaction in a bainitic 2.25wt.%Cr-1wt.%Mo steel forging

Abstract The bainitic form of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel (where the composition is in approximate weight per cent) is at present under consideration for application in thick-section coal conversion pressure vessels. The purpose of the research reported here was to determine the influence of cyclic waveform and environment on the elevated temperature fatigue behavior of this material. Uniaxial strain-controlled fatigue and creep-fatigue tests of a bainitic 2.25Cr-1Mo steel forging were performed at 565 °C (1050 °F) in both air and vacuum environments; for most tests the strain range was 0.50% fully reversed. Hold periods of up to 6 min in tension only, compression only, and combined tension and compression all significantly decreased life relative to pure fatigue. Tensile holds were more damaging than analogous compressive holds but considerably less harmful than the combined tensile-compressive hold waveform. These results were attributed to the amount of creep strain accumulated and differences in crack growth rates. The hold period duration had only a slight effect; this was explained by the kinetics of stress relaxation during the hold. Specimens preflawed with tiny electrodischarge-machined notches had their cyclic life reduced by an average of 22% with respect to smooth specimens, suggesting that crack propagation is the dominant fatigue mechanism under these loading conditions. This conclusion was subtantiated by the presence of small cracks in smooth specimens tested from 5% to 25% of normal cyclic life. Testing in vacuum improved fatigue life by approximately fourfold over air results. Owing to crack tip rewelding, compressive holds yielded the best results in vacuum (even better than pure fatigue), whereas any waveform with a tensile hold was much more damaging. Compared with vacuum, oxidation appears to enhance both crack initiation and crack growth. In conjunction, these results suggest that environment is a more important factor than creep for the test conditions investigated here. Attempts at fitting the data to an existing creep-fatigue damage model based on an environmental interaction proved unsuccessful.
Visible evidence for the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for modular abelian varieties of analytic rank zero

This paper provides evidence for the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for analytic rank 0 abelian varieties A f that are optimal quotients of J 0 (N) attached to newforms. We prove theorems about the ratio L(A f ,1)/Ω Af , develop tools for computing with Af, and gather data about certain arithmetic invariants of the nearly 20,000 abelian varieties A f of level < 2333. Over half of these A f have analytic rank 0, and for these we compute upper and lower bounds on the conjectural order of III(A f ). We find that there are at least 168 such Af for which the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture implies that III(A f ) is divisible by an odd prime, and we prove for 37 of these that the odd part of the conjectural order of III(A f ) really divides # III(A f ) by constructing nontrivial elements of III(A f ) using visibility theory. We also give other evidence for the conjecture. The appendix, by Cremona and Mazur, fills in some gaps in the theoretical discussion in their paper on visibility of Shafarevich-Tate groups of elliptic curves.
Numerical local rings and local solution of nonlinear systems

Adapting a 1915 method of Macaulay, one can give a calculation of the local ring of an isolated zero of a polynomial system {f1, f2, . . . , ft} ⊆ C[x1, x2, . . . , xs] using oating point arithmetic. Using an approximate reverse reduced row echelon form algorithm (ARRREF) one gets a Grobner basis with respect to a global, rather than local, ordering which leads to the usual representation as a matrix algebra. This can be exploited by relaxing the tolerance in the ARRREF to get information on zeros in a small Euclidean neighborhood of the given zero. The technique, which may be useful in the endgame stage of the homotopy continuation method, is applied to analytic as well as polynomial systems.
Cdk1-Dependent Destruction of Eco1 Prevents Cohesion Establishment after S Phase

Accurate genome segregation depends on cohesion mechanisms that link duplicated sister chromatids, thereby allowing their tension-dependent biorientation in metaphase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cohesion is established during DNA replication when Eco1 acetylates the cohesin subunit Smc3. Cohesion establishment is restricted to S phase of the cell cycle, but the molecular basis of this regulation is unknown. Here, we show that Eco1 is negatively regulated by the protein kinase Cdk1. Phosphorylation of Eco1 after S phase targets it to SCF(Cdc4) for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. A nonphosphorylatable mutant of Eco1 establishes cohesion after DNA replication, suggesting that Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of Eco1 is a key factor limiting establishment to S phase. We also show that deregulation of Eco1 results in chromosome separation defects in anaphase. We conclude that this regulatory mechanism helps optimize the level of sister chromatid cohesion, ensuring a robust and efficient anaphase.
Progesterone receptor components: identification of subunits binding to the target-cell genome.

Abstract The chick oviduct cytoplasmic progesterone receptor has been shown to consist of two 4S components, A and B, by ehromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Both A and B are high-affinity, specific progesterone-binding proteins which cannot be interconverted or reeombined. Both appear bound in isolated oviduct nuclei in vitro . The two components differ in their affinity for DNA and chromatin. Component A binds only to pure DNA whereas component B binds only to oviduct chromatin.
An operating system project using Concurrent Euclid

For the past four years, the senior level operating systems course at Colorado State University has been using a project to reinforce the lecture material. The project used is essentially the project described in Shaw[l], and is implemented using Concurrent Euclid. In this paper, we will: provide an overview of the project; introduce the Concurrent Euclid language, emphasizing those aspects that make it a good choice to support this project; provide some details concerning the implementation of the project; and discuss student reactions to the project.
Relationships between colleague ratings and faculty compensation

Rankings of graduate and professional programs have become commonplace since Cartter's study for the American Council on Education was published in 1966. Much of the research up to the present has focused on discovering proxy variables, such as departmental size, which correspond to departmental ratings, as well as observing how the ratings of departments change over time. This study examines the relationship between the peer ratings reported by Roose and Andersen in 1970 and resource allocation patterns, represented by average salary figures, among fifty major American universities. It also shows the relationship of these ratings and other resource allocation measures within one of the fifty institutions. Results indicate that among the fifty universities, average salaries are higher at the highly rated institutions than at the lower rated ones, with senior professors being the chief beneficiaries of the higher wage scales. Similarly, within one institution the senior professors of higher ranked departments are better paid, compared to their junior colleagues, than those of lower rated departments. The higher rated departments share commonalities as to proportion of senior professors and teaching load assignments as well. Both across and within universities, departments found to be prestigious by Roose and Andersen do tend to exhibit common characteristics concerning resource allocation procedures.
Two-photon excitation spectra of molecular gases: New results for benzene and nitric oxide☆☆☆

Abstract Following our earlier reports of moderately high resolution tunable two-photon excitation spectra of molecular gases we now present a definitive assignment of some of the bands for the benzene two-photon spectrum. New results are also presented for NO. The experiments involve routine hot band analysis and polarization studies, in particular the anisotropy of the two-photon absorption for incident light either circularly or linearly polarized. The main part of the intensity of the C6H6 and C6D6 two-photon absorption comes through transitions of the type 1401I???. In addition 180110n, 1701101, 1501101 and 190110n are seen. The NO γ-bands provide a clear example of how polarization of two-photon absorption can be used to assign states of diatomic molecules in the gas phase.
Stabilizing polymorphic transitions of tristearin using diacylglycerols and sucrose polyesters

The polymorphic transitions of synthesized tristearin in the presence of selected DAG or commercial sucrose polyesters (SPE) were investigated using DSC and X-ray diffractiometry. The stabilizing effects of DAG and SPE on α to β transitions of tristearin were dependent on the chemical structures of additives such as FA chain length, saturation of FA, positions and number of FA on backbones. The addition of 1,2-distearin (DS) or SPE containing 70% stearic acid with a hydrophile-lipophile balance value of 1 (S-170) to tristearin resulted in a significant stabilizing effect on the α to β transition during constant heating and storage of α forms at 53°C. The addition of 1,2-DS or S-170 also stabilized the β′ to β transitions of tristearin during constant heating and storage at 59°C. The addition of S-170 exhibited greater stabilizing effects than the addition of 1,2-DS during early stages of storage of α or β′ forms of tristearin. This study provides evidence of potential uses for SPE as additives to improve the quality and shelf life of foods containing fats by stabilizing the desirable α or β′ forms of fats.
Demonstrations and lectures about solar energy in Arkansas: The importance of experiential learning

Abstract Renewable energy has experienced sluggish adoption rates among businesses and homeowners in both Arkansas and the United States. This study sought to determine the effect of adult experiential learning related to solar energy using an experimental design. Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) a group that experienced a lecture which was followed by a demonstration and (2) a group that experienced a demonstration first which was followed by a lecture. Participants’ knowledge of solar energy was assessed after the first learning experience and then again after the second learning experience. Results suggest that while lecture and demonstrations yielded similar scores on adult knowledge, learners that engaged in a lecture after a demonstration scored significantly higher than those that engaged in a demonstration after a lecture. Further, lecture after demonstration yielded a significant increase in learners’ mean score from before the lecture, while demonstration after lecture did not yield in a significant increase in learners’ mean score from before the demonstration. These results indicate that educators can enhance knowledge acquisition and learning by placing demonstrations and lectures in a proper order.
Discussion: A Basic Framework for Policy Education

In his humorous, illustrative, and unique manner, Kohlmeyer has given us some of the generally accepted practices and some techniques used in most successful extension policy education programs. His suggestions: (1) specialize, (2) develop a high degree of competence, (3) provide a decision-making framework, (4) pre-plan with local and area personnel, and (5) provide technical assistance as needed. The best evaluation in extension that I know is, "Do you get the second and third invitation?" His expertise is greatly enhanced by his ability to communicate with people. His "homespun philosophy," vast experience, and well selected illustrations provide him an almost instant audience rapport. Most of us do not have this ability. Each of us needs to develop his own personal techniques to gain audience confidence. My own conception of the basic framework for policy education was merely alluded to in the presentation. As I view the policy framework, it involves taking people through the process of (1) developing a common understanding of the situation, (2) defining the issues, (3) identifying the alternatives, and (4) determining some of the consequences of various solutions. Each person then determines for himself, within his value system, his choice of alternatives. The principles and techniques of operation developed are used in planning, implementing, conducting, and evaluating the program.
Social incentive policies to engage commercial building occupants in demand response

Occupants' comfort is the primary target in a building operation. However their efforts are often neglected and ruled out from traditional control strategies of energy-efficient building management systems. Occupant-engaged control strategies have recently attracted many research attentions and demonstrated great potentials for energy saving. With them, occupants' behavior is incorporated into the closed-loop control methods in which their initiatives actively contribute to building services and energy utility by explicitly expressing their preferences. This work proposes an occupant-engaged demand response (DR) strategy for building automation in which occupants are actively engaged to adapt their energy consumption in response to incentive opportunities designed by facility managers. A model-based study and a Nash-Equilibrium-based solution are provided to assist facility managers with the design of social incentive policies to promote occupant participation, along with the guarantee of lucrativeness for a DR event.
Impact of macrophage toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and the artery wall in mice

Aims/hypothesis Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a receptor for saturated fatty acids (SFAs), global deficiency of which has been shown to protect against inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because macrophages express Tlr4 and are important in insulin resistance and atherosclerotic lesion formation due to their infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) and the artery wall, respectively, we hypothesised that deficiency of macrophage TLR4 could protect against these disorders.
The space in between: Issues for multiracial student organizations and advising

This chapter reviews relevant literature on multiracial student organizations, highlights challenges faced by such groups, and provides suggestions for advisers who work with members and leaders of multiracial campus groups.
Depression in early-onset Alzheimer's disease: clinical and neuroendocrine correlates.

Although depression is known to occur in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly in the early stages of the dementia (Kral 1983), the frequency of this association has not been precisely determined. The role of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in patients who have both depression and AD is likewise uncertain. Initially, patients with endogenous depression were observed to be nonsuppressors on the DST (Carroll et al. 1981), but more recent reports indicate that patients with AD but without depression may also be nonsuppressors (Spar and Gemer 1982). Some workers have suggested that this endocrine phenomenon may be related to the severity of the dementia (Jenike and Albert 1984). The patients in this study consisted of a consecutive group of 42 patients admitted to the Clinical Research Unit of Duke University Hospital for a trial of lecithii therapy for earlyonset AD (Heyman 1987). The inclusion and exclusion criteria for entry into this particular treatment study have been described (Heyman 1987). Their mean age on admission was 64.7 years, with a range of 51.5-74.7 years. The mean duration of symptoms of dementia was 3.5 years.
Role of small t antigen in the acute transforming activity of SV40.

Abstract A plasmid, pHR402, containing SV40 sequences that include a truncated early region bearing an intact t-coding sequence and a functionally intact late region, was introduced into thymidine kinase deficient (tk − ) mouse L cells by cotransformation with a cloned tk gene. tk + cotransformants synthesized SV40 t but not T antigen, and no truncated Tcoding sequence products were detected. The viral sequences of pHR402 were reconstituted as a virus in COS1 cells, and acute infection of untransformed mouse cells with this viral stock (SV402) also led to the appearance of t but not T or a truncated T. Abortive transformation assays of such infected cells were negative, as were those performed on the same cells infected with either of two viral mutants (d1883 and d1884), each of which leads to T but not t synthesis. However, mixed infection with SV402 and either d1883 or d1884 led to a clear abortive and permanent transformation response. Thus, at least in part, t and T appear to function in a complementary fashion in eliciting transformation expression by SV40-infected cells.
Multichannel versus pure e-tailers in Korea: evaluation of online store attributes and their impacts on e-loyalty

This study compared customers of multichannel retailers with customers of pure e-tailers in their evaluations of online store attributes and the attributes' impacts on e-loyalty. Analyses on the data of 164 (47.7%) customers of multichannel retailers and 180 (52.3%) customers of pure e-tailers in Korea largely supported our hypotheses. In evaluation of six online store attributes, communication and promotion aspects were evaluated more highly for multichannel retailers than for pure e-tailers. E-loyalty was found to be higher for pure e-tailers than for multichannel retailers. In comparing the impact of online attributes on e-loyalty, this study found invariance by e-tailing structure. Specifically, the impacts of merchandize assortment/information and security/privacy on e-loyalty were significant for both customers of multichannel and pure e-tailers; however, the impacts were higher for multichannel customers for both attributes. Communication and website design impacted e-loyalty for multichannel custo...
A lot-size model with discrete transportation costs

Abstract This paper deals with an inventory model where transportation costs are considered explicitly. In most situations, it is the buyer who must bear the transportation cost of the goods purchased from the supplier. Such costs are either assumed to be fixed and are therefore included in the ordering cost or variable and included in the item cost, In most realistic situations, it is observed that a fixed cost is incurred for a transport mode such as a truck or wagon irrespective of the quantity loaded. No matter what is the size of the lot, it would always require an integer number of transport modes. Therefore the transportation cost becomes a discrete function. In this paper we develop a lot-size model with discrete transportation costs and present a simple algorithm for the optimal lot-size.
Frequencies of liver neoplasia in a feral fish population and associated carcinogens

Abstract Previous research had documented prevalent liver neoplasia within feral fish populations from half a dozen polluted waterways of North America.1–3 A brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, population in the Black River, Ohio, had a 33% prevalence of grossly observable liver tumors in fish older than 2 years compared to 0 % in 249 bullhead from a reference location (Buckeye Lake).4 To approximate the actual prevalence of gross plus microscopic lesions combined in the Black River population, we captured 125 bullhead at least 250 mm in length in 1982. Livers were preserved for histopathology and pectoral fin spines were removed for aging. On average, each liver was sectioned at five levels for diagnosis. Bullheads (whole fish) and Black River sediment were analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as previously reported.4,5 Bullheads were found to have a higher incidence of liver tumors than was grossly apparent and to contain elevated levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Effects of RNA, purines and pyrimidines on the development of Tribolium confusum (Duval)

Abstract Growth period and survival of Tribolium confusum were studied on a chemically defined diet alone or supplemented with RNA; guanine, adenine, cytosine, and uracil were also added to the basic diet either singly or in all possible combinations. The effect of supplementing a processed food (dehydrated tapioca pudding) with various levels of RNA on the growth and survival of the beetle was also studied. Diets supplemented with RNA or a mixture of guanine + cytosine or all the four nucleotides were equally effective in stimulating growth and increasing survival of the beetle; guanine + adenine also improved the diet but not as well as the other three. In general, the purines guanine and adenine stimulated the growth and the pyrimidine cytosine acted as synergist while uracil had slight retardatory effect. The tapioca pudding, which is inadequate for supporting growth of the beetle was also improved by the addition of RNA.
Hominins living on the sedge

The evolution of C4 photosynthesis was a signal shift in the history of life on Earth, including at least 50 independent origins in 19 families of higher plants (1). Today, C4 plants account for a quarter of the primary productivity on the planet despite representing a small fraction (∼3%) of the estimated 250,000 land plant species (2). Most C4 plants are grasses (family Poaceae, 4,500 species), followed by sedges (family Cyperaceae, 1,500 species) and dicots (1,200 species). A few C4 plant species contribute significantly to the human diet, either directly as domesticated cereals (e.g., maize, sorghum, millet) and additives (e.g., cane sugar, corn syrup) or indirectly via animals raised on C4 crops and pastures. As a result, human tissues can have high δ13C values because C4 plants and their consumers are enriched in 13C (3). In recent years, this telltale signature of a C4-based diet has also been found in a wide range of hominin species (4), a finding that has both informed and fueled debate. Now, paleoanthropologists must contend with a unique and surprising finding.
Large quantum effects in a model electronically nonadiabatic reaction: Ba + N2O → BaO + N2

Abstract Calculations of reaction probabilities have previously been performed for a collinear model of the electronically nonadiabatic reaction Ba + N2O → BaO (X 1Σ), BaO (a 3Π) + N2, treating N2 as a mass point and using accurate quantum mechanical as well as quasi-classical trajectory surface-hopping techniques. In the present paper we compare these two sets of results and conclude that large quantum effects exist and that the Landau-Zener surface-hopping model for the description of this system is inadequate.