cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting a bacterial stress response to enhance antibiotic action

This report describes the identification and analysis of a 2-component regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is a potential aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy target. The regulator, AmgRS, was identified in a screen of a comprehensive, defined transposon mutant library for functions whose inactivation increased tobramycin sensitivity. AmgRS mutations enhanced aminoglycoside action against bacteria grown planktonically and in antibiotic tolerant biofilms, against genetically resistant clinical isolates, and in lethal infections of mice. Drugs targeting AmgRS would thus be expected to enhance the clinical efficacy of aminoglycosides. Unexpectedly, the loss of AmgRS reduced virulence in the absence of antibiotics, indicating that its inactivation could protect against infection directly as well as by enhancing aminoglycoside action. Transcription profiling and phenotypic analysis suggested that AmgRS controls an adaptive response to membrane stress, which can be caused by aminoglycoside-induced translational misreading. These results help validate AmgRS as a potential antibiotic combination target for P. aeruginosa and indicate that fundamental stress responses may be a valuable general source of such targets.
Active and Eruptive Prominences and Their Relationship to Coronal Mass Ejections

In order to understand better the dynamical processes in the solar atmosphere that are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we have carried out a study of prominence activity using Hα observations obtained at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO). After developing clear definitions of active prominences (APs) and eruptive prominences (EPs), we examined 54 Hα events to identify distinguishing characteristics of APs and EPs and to study the relationship between prominence activity and CMEs. The principal characteristics we found to distinguish clearly between APs and EPs are maximum projected radial height, projected radial velocity, and projected radial acceleration. We determined CME associations with Hα events by using white-light data from the Mk III K-Coronameter at MLSO and the LASCO C2 Coronagraph on SOHO. We found that EPs are more strongly associated with CMEs than are APs and that the CMEs associated with EPs generally have cores, while those associated with APs do not. A majority of the EPs in the study exhibit separation of escaping material from the bulk of the prominence—the latter initially lifting away from and then returning toward the solar surface. This separation tends to occur in the height range from 1.20 to 1.35 R0, and we infer that it involves the formation of an X-type neutral line in this region, which allows disconnection of part of the prominence material. This disconnection view of prominence eruption seems most consistent with flux rope models of prominence support.
Injection phase-locking characteristics of LSA-mode transferred-electron oscillators

Calculated values of the negative conductance of transferred-electron GaAs diodes are employed to determine the injection phase-locking characteristics for operation in the LSA mode.
Recurrent histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis with a long latency in a patient with autoimmunity: a case report and review of literature.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), a histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), characteristically presents as cervical lymphadenopathy in young Asian women. Most resolve spontaneously with rare recurrences described. We report a patient with biopsy-proven recurrence of KFD-like HNL after almost 8 years and analyze 65 additional published cases with recurrences. While those with recurrences similarly affect young (average age = 27 years), Asian (80%) women (76%), 73% had multiple sites of involvement and 32% of those tested had underlying autoimmune conditions. Our case is unusual with respect to the following: (a) Age: 50 years, the oldest among the reported patients with recurrences. (b) Race: African descent, with only 3 others reported with recurrent HNL. Of these 4 cases, 2 had underlying autoimmunity. (c) Underlying condition: Her clinical and laboratory features were best felt to represent Sjogren's syndrome (SjS). Only 2 other cases of SjS-associated HNL have been reported; in 2 recently reported cases SjS developed subsequently.
Predictions of the extent of self-enrichment in oxygen of giant metal-poor H ii regions

In general, H II regions do not show clear signs of self-enrichment in products from massive stars (M ≥ 8 M ⊙ ). In order to explore why I modelled the contamination with Wolf-Rayet star ejecta of metal-poor (Z = 0.001) HII regions, ionized either by a 10 6 M ⊙ cluster of coeval stars (cluster 1) or by a cluster resulting from continuous star formation at a rate of 1 M ⊙ yr -1 (cluster 2). The clusters have Z = 0.001 and a Salpeter initial mass function from 0.1 to 120 M ⊙ . Independent one-dimensional constant density simulations of the emission-line spectra of unenriched HII regions were computed at the discrete ages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Myr, with the photoionization code CLOUDY, using as input, radiative and mechanical stellar feedbacks predicted by the evolutionary synthesis code STARBURST99. Each HII region was placed at the outer radius of the adiabatically expanding superbubble of Mac Low & McCray. For models with thermal and ionization balance time-scales of less than 1 Myr, and with oxygen emission-line ratios in agreement with observations, the volume of the superbubble and the H II region was uniformly and instantaneously polluted with stellar ejecta predicted by STARBURST99. I obtained a maximum oxygen abundance enhancement of 0.025 dex, with cluster 1, at 4 Myr. It would be unobservable.
The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells

Defining the transcriptional dynamics of a temporal process such as cell differentiation is challenging owing to the high variability in gene expression between individual cells. Time-series gene expression analyses of bulk cells have difficulty distinguishing early and late phases of a transcriptional cascade or identifying rare subpopulations of cells, and single-cell proteomic methods rely on a priori knowledge of key distinguishing markers. Here we describe Monocle, an unsupervised algorithm that increases the temporal resolution of transcriptome dynamics using single-cell RNA-Seq data collected at multiple time points. Applied to the differentiation of primary human myoblasts, Monocle revealed switch-like changes in expression of key regulatory factors, sequential waves of gene regulation, and expression of regulators that were not known to act in differentiation. We validated some of these predicted regulators in a loss-of function screen. Monocle can in principle be used to recover single-cell gene expression kinetics from a wide array of cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation and oncogenic transformation.
Is interdisciplinarity old news? A disciplined consideration of interdisciplinarity

This paper draws on the theory of Basil Bernstein and on more recent applications of it by Rob Moore, John Beck and Michael Young to respond to recent calls for the replacement of discipline-based university faculties and departments with ‘problem-based’ curricula and programmes of study. It considers, particularly, the potential consequences of such a shift in higher education policy for the identities of university teachers, researchers and students, and suggests that these calls for reform are premised especially on the problematic assumption that, in Bernsteinian terms, ‘regionalised’ curricular inputs can be expected to produce ‘generic’ knowledge outcomes within the university.
Recent Doctoral Dissertations in Church and State

Al-Sultan, Ali M., "The Law of Saudi Arabia: God's Law Modifying the Modem Era." University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 1987. Apter, Andrew Herman, "Rituals of Power: The Politics of Orisa Worship in Yoruba Society." Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1987. 315pp. Baradar, Mariam, "Historical Study of Development of Education in Iran Between 1963 and 1978." Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, 1987. 299pp. Barnette, Helen Poarch, "Implications of Horace Mann's Educational Philosophy and Praxis in Relation to 'Secular Humanism' in Public Schools." The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, KY, 1987. 233pp. Bartholomew, Alfred Clinton, "An Interpretation of the Evangelical and Reformed Church in a Changing American Society." Drew University, Madison, NJ, 1950. 246pp. Bovee, David Steven, "The Church and the Land: The National Catholic Rural Life Conference and American Society, 1923-1985." The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 1986. 550pp. Bowleg, Etienne Everette Edison, "The Influence of the Oxford Movement Upon the Church of England in the Province of the West Indies, 1850-1900." McGill University, Canada, 1987. Briggs, Elizabeth, "Religion, Society, and Politics, and the Liber Vitae of Durham, (Volumes I and II)." University of Leeds, United Kingdom, 1987. 625pp. Buettner, Lanny Steven, "Science, Religion, and Ethics in the Writings of Joseph Needham." University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 1987.
Factors Affecting Linewidth Control Including Multiple Wavelength Exposure And Chromatic Aberration

Photoresist linewidth variations are particularly difficult to control in the vicinity of steps where resist thickness changes occur. These variations are primarily due to the interference phenomena which affect the coupling of energy into the resist and vertical standing wave intensity contrast in the resist. In this paper the user oriented program SAMPLE is used to quantitatively explore linewidth control in the vicinity of steps as a function of exposure, resist, and substrate parameters. Nominally, projection printing of 1.0 um line and space patterns in 1.0 urn of AZ13.50J resist crossing 1.0 urn steps on silicon, oxide and aluminum substrates is considered. The linewidth variation, resist profile shape and linewidth control sensitivity are characterized by the behavior of the two extreme cases. These are the maximum linewidth which occurs at the largest resist thickness on the bottom of the step corresponding to a destructive interference node and the minimum linewidth which occurs at the smallest resist thickness on the top of the step corresponding to a constructive interference node. The significance of the aerial image contrast and substrate reflectivity are explored. The possibility of using increased optical absorption and post exposure bake procedures to improve process control are considered. The use of multiple wavelength exposures with 6 raction limited optics is shown to significantly improve both linewidth control and the resist profile shape. The degree to which a refractive optical system can realize this improvement can be limited by the extent to which the change in focal error with wavelength reduces the contrast. This limit is particularly important in assessing the potential advantages of multiple wavelength systems, because the performance of such lenses is expected to be limited by chromatic aberration effects.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On some Gelfand-Mazur like theorems in p -normed algebras

The main theorem of this paper shows that a complex p -normed algebra which is a pre-Bezout domain is isomorphic to the field of complex numbers, if it is a generalized unique factorization domain. This theorem generalizes the previous result of the authors proved by them in their paper Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 20 (1979), 247–252. Some applications are then given.
AAV does the shuffle.

Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus (AAV) yields mutant vectors that can evade neutralizing antibodies.
Sputum Tobramycin Concentrations in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Repeated Administration of Inhaled Tobramycin

Abstract Background: Dosing of tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients was based on single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. This investigation was prompted by evidence of possible antibiotic accumulation in respiratory secretions with repeated dosing. The objectives were to evaluate whether tobramycin accumulates in respiratory secretions with repeated inhalation, compare total and biologically active tobramycin concentrations in CF sputum, and evaluate sputum induction for obtaining secretions for drug concentration assay. Methods: Individuals with CF ≥10 years of age were enrolled at the beginning of a course of TSI, 300 mg twice daily for 28 days. Two study visits were conducted, 1–2 days and 24–28 days after initiation of TSI treatment. Induced sputum and expectorated sputum samples were collected for measurement of trough and peak tobramycin concentrations at each visit. Total tobramycin concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and bioactive c...
A Combinatorial Lemma and its Application to Probability Theory

To explain the idea behind the present paper the following fundamental principle is emphasized. Let X = (X 1,…, X n ) be an n-dimensional vector valued random variable, and let µ(x) =µ(x 1…, x n )be its probability measure (defined on euclidean n-space E n ). Suppose that X has the property that µ(x) =µ(gx) for every element g of a group G of order h of transformations of E n into itself. Let f(x) =f(x 1…, x n ) be a µ-integrable complex valued function on E n Then the expected value of f(x) is $$Ef\left( X \right) = \smallint f\left( x \right)d\mu \left( x \right) = \smallint \bar f\left( x \right)d\mu \left( x \right)$$ (1.1) , where $$\bar f\left( x \right) = \frac{1}{h}\sum\limits_{g \in G} f \left( {gx} \right)$$ (1.2) .
The Predictive Validity of the Stanford Early School Achievement Test

The predictive validity of the Stanford Early School Achievement Test (SESAT) was examined. A sample of 172 first grade children was pretested with the SESAT and posttested with the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT). Results demonstrated moderate validity of the SESAT for predicting first grade achievement. The SESAT was more valid as a predictor of verbal achievement than it was as a predictor of mathematics achievement.
Botulinum toxin A injection of salivary glands in children with drooling and chronic aspiration.

Purpose To review outcomes of ultrasound (US)–guided percutaneous submandibular gland injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the treatment of drooling and chronic aspiration. Materials and Methods A 3-year retrospective review was performed of 220 US-guided salivary gland injections in 36 patients. There were 21 male patients and 15 female patients with an age range of 1.4 to 19.8 years (mean, 8.6 y) and a weight range of 7.8 to 73 kg (mean, 24.4 kg). The mean pretreatment analysis period was 48 months and the mean follow-up period was 21 months. The study group was divided into groups with anterior ( n = 9) and posterior ( n = 27) drooling, with those with both ( n = 10) included in the posterior group. Results All procedures were technically successful. Bilateral submandibular injections were performed in 34 procedures and bilateral submandibular and parotid injections were performed in 38 procedures. Of the 27 patients with posterior drooling, improvement occurred in 24 patients (88%), no improvement was seen in two (8%), and one (4%) was lost to follow-up. Of the nine patients with anterior drooling, six (66%) showed improvement, there was no response in two (22%), and one (12%) was lost to follow-up. The total number of hospitalizations for respiratory issues and presumed aspiration pneumonia decreased by 56.4% per year in the patients with posterior drooling. There was one procedure-related complication: an episode of self-limited oral bleeding. Conclusion Salivary gland BTX-A injection for salivary control shows promising results in decreasing saliva production and frequency of respiratory symptoms in children with drooling and chronic aspiration.
Cyclooxygenase-2: A Potential Target in Breast Cancer

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to result in a 40% to 50% reduction in the relative risk of developing colorectal cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression occurs in 43% of human invasive breast cancers and 63% of ductal carcinomas in situ. There is considerable in vitro, animal model, and epidemiologic evidence to suggest that COX-2 may play some role in breast tumor initiation and progression. PGE(2) is a major downstream mediator of COX-2 that promotes cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, makes cells resistant to apoptosis, enhances invasiveness, and modulates immunosuppression. COX-2 and COX-2-derived PGE(2) may be involved in mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, COX-2 selective inhibitors may have a role in breast cancer prevention.
SU‐DD‐A3‐01: Comparison of Respiration‐Correlated and Uncorrelated Cone‐Beam CT for Correcting Target‐Positioning Errors in Radiotherapy of Thoracic and Abdominal Cancer

Purpose: This study compares respiration‐correlated kV cone beam CT (RC‐kVCBCT) image guidance to standard (uncorrelated) kVCBCT for target localization in radiation treatment of thoracic and abdominal tumors.Method and Materials: In an IRB‐approved study, 9 stage II–IV non‐small cell lungcancer(NSCLC) patients and 1 stage III stomach tumor patient with fiducials received a respiration‐correlated planning CT (RCCT) at simulation and five RC‐CBCTs during the first week of treatment. The GTV volumes ranged from 2.8 cm3 – 286 cm3. Kilovoltage RC‐CBCT scans are acquired (Varian Trilogy) while recording respiration and with reduced gantry speed (0.2 rpm), yielding 3D images at six respiratory phases. The tumor in each phase of the RC‐CBCT is registered to the end‐expiration (EE) phase image to obtain the respiration‐averaged tumor displacement relative to its EE position. This process is repeated in the RCCT image set. The RCCT and RC‐CBCT images at EE are registered to obtain the tumor displacement at the EE position. A vector sum of the three displacements yields the correction to the respiration‐averaged tumor position. For comparison, the correction is also computed by matching an uncorrelated CBCTreconstructed with all projections and representing a respiration‐averaged image, to the average intensity projection image computed from the RCCT. Results: The mean difference between the two correction methods in 10 patients was 1.4mm left‐right (L/R), 1.6mm anterior‐posterior (A/P), and 1.7mm superior‐inferior (S/I). The maximum difference was 5.0mm (L/R), 6.0mm (A/P), 7.0mm (S/I). The GTV range‐of‐motion at simulation ranged from 2–14mm. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that for many thoracic and abdominal tumors, position corrections using uncorrelated, respiration‐averaged 3D imaging are consistent with those from respiration‐correlated imaging; however, respiration‐correlated imaging may be indicated for cases of large tumor motion. Research supported by Varian and by NIH grant T32 CA61801.
Occurence, frequency, and duration of commuters' work-to-home departure delay

This paper investigates commuters' decision to delay their departure from work to home, in an effort to avoid traffic congestion. A sample of commuters, from the congested Seattle metropolitan area, is used to estimate a model of the decision to delay homeward departure as well as models of the frequency and duration of this delay. The estimation results suggest, as expected, that traffic system characteristics dominate the delay choice, with socioeconomic characteristics and the characteristics of the area near the work location (which provides activity opportunities that can be undertaken during the departure delay) playing a lesser role. The estimated magnitude of influence that these determinants have, on the delay choice, has important implications for future departure-time-choice research.
Mass spectrometric analysis of lens β-crystallins

Abstract A combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS), and sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide get electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to determine the homegeneity of chromatographic fractions of β-crystallins, separated by reversed-phase HPLC. The molecular weight of the major component of β-crystallins, βB2, was found by ESIMS to be 23 215, in agreement with the accepted value of 23 209. The practical utility of improved resolution and accuracy of ESIMS relative to SDS-PAGE of identifying proteins is discussed. The component βB2 was found in more than one HPLC fraction, suggesting that it migrates through the HPLC column aggregated with itself or other β-crystallins. Several proteins with different molecular weights were found to be unique to each of the two classes of β-crystallins. Tryptic digest of the major HPLC fractions were analyzed by FABMS, on-line HPLC continuous-flow FABMS—MS to give detailed information about the primary structure of βB2. Peptides related to all but one portion of the proposed amino acid sequence of βB2 were found in the tryptic digest, suggesting that the proposed sequence is correct. On-line HPLC continuous-flow FABMS analysis of the proteolytic digest was particularly attractive because it gave a nearly complete peptide molecular weight map in 20 min.
Electronic States and Adsorbate-Induced Photoemission Structure on the Pd(111) Surface

The electronic structure of the Pd(111) surface is calculated using a recently developed mixed-basis pseudopotential method. Fully self-consistent results, including surface states, work function, local densities of states, and electronic charge densities, are presented. The commonly observed adsorbate-induced changes in $d$-band structure in the photoemission spectra are interpreted in terms of the surface states. An $s\ensuremath{-}p$---like intrinsic surface-state band similar to the one observed on Cu(111) is also predicted.
An electron microscopic visualization of transport across rat visceral yolk sac

In an attempt to elucidate some of the mechanisms utilized in the placental transfer of large molecules morphological changes in the visceral yolk sac have been studied in relation to the disposition of ferritin molecules at different stages of gestation. From the tenth through the eighteenth days of pregnancy, ferritin molecules were readily absorbed by the visceral endodermal cells when this material was injected either into the maternal blood stream or directly into the uterine lumen. These large molecules entered the endodermal cells through a progressively developed apical canalicular system and became localized within relatively large, heterogenous vacuoles. These vacuoles were seen to retain the ferritin for long periods, except during the last few days of gestation. At the end of pregnancy, when normally antibodies are being transferred in the largest quantities to the fetus, relatively smaller vesicles which contain ferritin appeared to have migrated away from the larger apical storage vacuoles and to have approached the endodermal basal plasma membrane. Once the large protein molecules left these cells they appeared to pass either directly into vitelline capillaries, or through mesothelial cells which line the exocoelom. Transport of large protein molecules through visceral endodermal cells involves an apical tubular system, large storage vacuoles, and smaller vesicles which appear to migrate basally near the end of pregnancy. Regulation of this process appears not to depend on the failure or success of entry of such a substance into these cells, but rather on its subsequent disposition once it is intracellular.
Nucleotide-regulated Calcium Signaling in Lung Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells from Normal and P2Y2 Receptor (−/−) Mice

To test for the role of the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2-R) in the regulation of nucleotide-promoted Ca2+ signaling in the lung, we generated P2Y2-R-deficient (P2Y2-R(−/−)) mice and measured intracellular Ca2+i responses (ΔCa2+i) to nucleotides in cultured lung fibroblasts and nasal and tracheal epithelial cells from wild type and P2Y2-R(−/−) mice. In the wild type fibroblasts, the rank order of potencies for nucleotide-induced ΔCa2+iwas as follows: UTP ≥ ATP ≫ ADP > UDP. The responses induced by these agonists were completely absent in the P2Y2-R(−/−) fibroblasts. Inositol phosphate responses paralleled those of ΔCa2+i in both groups. ATP and UTP also induced Ca2+i responses in wild type airway epithelial cells. In the P2Y2-R(−/−) airway epithelial cells, UTP was ineffective. A small fraction (25%) of the ATP response persisted. Adenosine and α,β-methylene ATP were ineffective, and ATP responses were not affected by adenosine deaminase or by removal of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that neither P1 nor P2X receptors mediated this residual ATP response. In contrast, 2-methylthio-ADP promoted a substantial Ca2+i response in P2Y2-R(−/−) cells, which was inhibited by the P2Y1 receptor antagonist adenosine 3′-5′-diphosphate. These studies demonstrate that P2Y2-R is the dominant purinoceptor in airway epithelial cells, which also express a P2Y1 receptor, and that the P2Y2-R is the sole purinergic receptor subtype mediating nucleotide-induced inositol lipid hydrolysis and Ca2+mobilization in mouse lung fibroblasts.
Energy levels of 92Nb and 94Tc from 92Zr, 94Mo(p, nγ)92Nb, 94Tc

Abstract The γ-decays of the energy levels of 92Nb and 94Tc were measured following the 92Zr(p, n)92Nb and 94Mo(p, n)94Tc reactions. For 92Nb the γ-ray thresholds were measured and a detailed excitation function was obtained near the 93Zr ground-state isobaric analog resonance. Also, γ-γ coincidence measurements with two Ge(Li) detectors were made for both 92Nb and 94Tc. The coincidence measurements determined ten energy levels in 92Nb and two levels in 94Tc. A comparison with particle transfer reactions is used to elucidate the structure of 92Nb levels observed here but not seen in the transfer reactions.
Refining the model of barrier island formation along a paraglacial coast in the Gulf of Maine

Abstract Details of the internal architecture and local geochronology of Plum Island, the longest barrier in the Gulf of Maine, have refined our understanding of barrier island formation in paraglacial settings. Ground-penetrating radar and shallow-seismic profiles coupled with sediment cores and radiocarbon dates provide an 8000-year evolutionary history of this barrier system in response to changes in sediment sources and supply rates as well as variability in the rate of sea-level change. The barrier sequence overlies tills of Wisconsinan and Illinoian glaciations as well as late Pleistocene glaciomarine clay deposited during the post-glacial sea-level highstand at approximately 17 ka. Holocene sediment began accumulating at the site of Plum Island at 7–8 ka, in the form of coarse fluvial channel-lag deposits related to the 50-m wide erosional channel of the Parker River that carved into underlying glaciomarine deposits during a lower stand of sea level. Plum Island had first developed in its modern location by ca. 3.6 ka through onshore migration and vertical accretion of reworked regressive and lowstand deposits. The prevalence of southerly, seaward-dipping layers indicates that greater than 60% of the barrier lithosome developed in its modern location through southerly spit progradation, consistent with a dominantly longshore transport system driven by northeast storms. Thinner sequences of northerly, landward-dipping clinoforms represent the northern recurve of the prograding spit. A 5–6-m-thick inlet-fill sequence was identified overlying the lower stand fluvial deposit; its stratigraphy captures events of channel migration, ebb-delta breaching, onshore bar migration, channel shoaling and inlet infilling associated with the migration and eventual closure of the inlet. This inlet had a maximum cross-sectional area of 2800 m 2 and was active around 3.5–3.6 ka. Discovery of this inlet suggests that the tidal prism was once larger than at present. Bay infilling, driven by the import of sediment into the backbarrier environment through tidal inlets, as well as minor sediment contribution from local rivers, led to a vast reduction in the bay tidal prism. This study demonstrates that, prior to about 3 ka, Plum Island and its associated marshes, tidal flats, and inlets were in a paraglacial environment; that is, their main source of sediment was derived from the erosion and reworking of glaciogenic deposits. Since that time, Plum Island has been in a state of dynamic equilibrium with its non-glacial sediment sources and therefore can be largely considered to be in a stable, “post-paraglacial” state. This study is furthermore the first in the Gulf of Maine to show that spit accretion and inlet processes were the dominant mechanisms in barrier-island formation and thus serves as a foundation for future investigations of barrier development in response to backbarrier infilling.
Measurement of non-enteric emission fluxes of volatile fatty acids from a California dairy by solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract Dairies are a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in California's San Joaquin Valley; a region that experiences high ozone levels during summer. Short-chain carboxylic acids, or volatile fatty acids (VFAs), are believed to make up a large fraction of VOC emissions from these facilities, although there are few studies to substantiate this. In this work, a method using a flux chamber coupled to solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) fibers followed by analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed to quantify emissions of six VFAs (acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid and 3-methyl butanoic acid) from non-enteric sources. The technique was then used to quantify VFA fluxes from a small dairy located on the campus of California State University Fresno. Both animal feed and animal waste are found to be major sources of VFAs, with acetic acid contributing 70–90% of emissions from the sources tested. Measured total acid fluxes during spring (with an average temperature of 20 °C) were 1.84 ± 0.01, 1.06 ± 0.08, (1.3 ± 0.5) × 10−2, (1.7 ± 0.2) × 10−2 and (1.2 ± 0.5) × 10−2 g m−2 h−1 from silage, total mixed rations, flushing lane, open lot and lagoon sources, respectively. VFA emissions from the sources tested total 390 ± 80 g h−1. The data indicate high fluxes of VFAs from dairy facilities, but differences in the design and operation of dairies in the San Joaquin Valley as well as seasonal variations mean that additional measurements must be made to accurately determine emissions inventories for the region.
Combined GPS and InSAR models of postseismic deformation from the Northridge earthquake

Models of combined Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data collected in the region of the Northridge earthquake indicate that significant afterslip on the main fault occurred following the earthquake. Additional shallow deformation occurred to the west of the main rupture plane. Both data sets are consistent with logarithmic time-dependent behavior following the earthquake indicative of afterslip rather than postseismic relaxation. Aftershocks account for only about 10% of the postseismic motion. The two data sets are complimentary in determining the postseismic processes. Fault afterslip and shallow deformation dominate the deformation field in the two years following the earthquake. Lower crustal deformation may play an important role later in the earthquake cycle.
Foredeep tectonics and carbonate platform dynamics in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea

HAWAII MR1 side-scan sonar and six-channel seismic reflection data reveal a history of carbonate platform growth, drowning, and back stepping in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea. This is one of the few modern sites where active carbonate platform development and foredeep subsidence are linked. 230 Th methods date aragonitic shallow-water corals, recovered from a modern depth of 2000 m, at 348 ± 10 ka. This documents rapid subsidence of the Huon Gulf in response to the encroaching Finisterre Mountains at an average rate of 5.7 mm/yr for the past 348 k.y., the highest subsidence rate reported from any foredeep setting. Carbonate deposition has moved toward the foreland at an average rate of 110 mm/yr over the same period. Comparisons of the measured age with sea-level history (derived from the oxygen isotope record) suggest that the reefs may have formed during sea-level lowstands and drowned during rapid rates of sea-level rise.
Role of surface heterogeneity in the removal of ammonia from air on micro/mesoporous activated carbons modified with molybdenum and tungtsen oxides

Abstract Micro/mesoporous wood-based activated carbons were impregnated with ammonium metatungstate or ammonium molybdate and then heated at 500 °C in inert atmosphere to impose conversion of impregnants to oxides. On the materials obtained, adsorption of ammonia from moist air without and with prehumidification of carbon bed was carried out, followed by desorption measurements. The initial and exhausted samples were characterized by FT-IR, potentiometric titration, thermal analysis and adsorption of nitrogen. The results suggested that ammonia is mainly adsorbed on oxide centers. The presence of water facilitates the process via involvement of Bronsted centers leading to the formation of ammonium salts. Besides, preadsorbed water contributes to adsorption of ammonia via dissolution in the water adsorbed in pores. This ammonia can be considered as weakly adsorbed since it is easily removed when the carbons are purged with dry air. Existence of high degree of heterogeneity in pore sizes causes that some impregnates accumulate in small pores and thus their centers are inefficiently used for ammonia retention.
Electrical activity of the brain in acute oxygen poisoning

Abstract 1. 1. Cats under dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide were subjected to partial pressures of oxygen from 75 p.s.i. (gauge) to 120 p.s.i. (gauge). 2. 2. Electrical seizure patterns similar in nature to those seen in grand mal epilepsy were generally observed at or about 75 p.s.i. (gauge). 3. 3. The variations in response seen in individual animals are described. 4. 4. The significance of these observations is briefly considered.
Scaling and ordering of neonatal heart rate variability.

By analyzing cardiac beat-to-beat intervals and interbeat increments, we find that---unlike adults---the difference in the pattern of interbeat increments in healthy and sick newborn infants is more due to a change in the amplitude and much less to a change in the ordering of the interbeat increments. This suggests that very low-frequency elements of neonatal and adult heart rate variability rise from fundamentally different mechanisms.
The duration of sprouted cerebrovascular axons following intracranial infusion of nerve growth factor

We reported previously that a 2-week infusion of the trophic protein nerve growth factor (NGF) into the lateral ventricle of the adult rat brain elicits a sprouting response by perivascular axons associated with the intradural segment of the internal carotid artery. In the present study, we used electron microscopy to determine whether the sprouted axons persist following cessation of NGF delivery and, if not, to determine the time course of their disappearance. Our results demonstrate that NGF-induced sprouted axons do not persist following cessation of NGF delivery. The total number of axons at 1 week following the end of the NGF infusion was elevated compared to control values, but significantly reduced compared with NGF cases sacrificed immediately following the infusion period. Three weeks following the end of the NGF infusion, the total number of axons was similar to controls although there were no signs of axonal degeneration. These results suggest that continued elevation of NGF levels is necessary to maintain the sprouted axons and that endogenous levels of NGF, or other factors produced by the vascular target tissue, are not sufficient to maintain the newly formed axons. The demonstration that mature perivascular axons proliferate and disappear as a function of exogenous NGF exposure supports the accumulating evidence for continued plasticity in the mature nervous system.
The Meaning of Food in Our Lives: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Eating and Well-Being

Humans are biologically adapted to their ancestral food environment in which foods were dispersed and energy expenditure was required to obtain them. The modern developed world has a surplus of very accessible, inexpensive food. Amid the enormous variety of different foods are "super" foods, such as chocolate, which are particularly appealing and calorie dense. Energy output can be minimal to obtain large amounts of food. In terms of education (eg, in nutrition and risk-benefit thinking) and environment design, modern cultures have not kept pace with changes in the food world. Overweight and worrying about food result from this mismatch between human biological predispositions and the current food environment. The French have coped with this mismatch better than Americans. Although at least as healthy as Americans, they focus more on the experience of eating and less on the health effects of eating. They spend more time eating, but they eat less, partly because of smaller portion sizes. French traditions of moderation (versus American abundance), focus on quality (versus quantity), and emphasis on the joys of the moment (rather than making life comfortable and easy) support a healthier lifestyle. The French physical environment encourages slow, moderate social eating, minimal snacking, and more physical activity in daily life.
Bis(tBuSATE) phosphotriester prodrugs of 8-azaguanosine and 6-methylpurine riboside; bis(POM) phosphotriester prodrugs of 2'-deoxy-4'-thioadenosine and its corresponding 9α anomer

As an extension of previous work with bis(POM) nucleotide prodrugs, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation in tumor cell culture of the bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphotriester prodrug of slightly cytotoxic 2'-deoxy-4'-thioadenosine and its alpha-anomer. We have experienced need for an alternative phosphate masking group, particularly with purine nucleosides. Accordingly, we report synthesis and biological evaluation of the bis(tBuSA TE) phosphotriester prodrugs of 8-azaguanosine and 6-methylpurine riboside, nucleoside analogs with moderate to significant cytotoxicity. All four prodrugs were examined in tumor cell culture in parallel with the parent nucleosides. Synthetic routes and biological data are presented.
A MODIFIED DESIGN OF TROCAR CATHETER: ITS USE IN NEONATES AND MANNEQUIN TO PLACE CHEST TUBE. 268

A MODIFIED DESIGN OF TROCAR CATHETER: ITS USE IN NEONATES AND MANNEQUIN TO PLACE CHEST TUBE. 268
Long-term bepridil monotherapy for angina pectoris.

Abstract The long-term efficacy of bepridil as once-a-day monotherapy was studied in 19 men with stable angina pectoris. After 2 weeks of single-blind placebo therapy and a 12-week parallel placebo-controlled, dose-response study, each patient received openlabel bepridil. After a dose-titration period of 3 months, patients received bepridil (100 to 400 mg once a day, mean 290 mg) for 24 months. The response to treatment was assessed by patient diaries and serial treadmill exercise testing 24 hours after dose administration, every 3 months. Only 2 patients were released from the study due to therapeutic failure. Compared with placebo, 3 months of bepridil therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the weekly frequency of angina from 10.3 ± 9.1 to 1.8 ± 3.5 (p
Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of feline immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract An infectious molecular clone of the Petaluma strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was isolated from a recombinant bacteriophage library containing genomic DNA prepared from FIV-infected Crandall feline kidney (CRFK) cells. The integrated provirus has a total length of 9472 base pairs. Three long open reading frames corresponding to GAG, POL, and ENV gene coding frames are evident. In addition, an open reading frame overlaps the 3' end of POL, in the region that encodes viral infectivity factor in the primate viruses. Several short open reading frames are present in the intergenic region between POL and ENV and within ENV, which may serve as exons for production of TAT and REV equivalents in FIV. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences of the FIV proteins with those of other lentiviruses indicates that FIV did not arise recently from any other characterized lentivirus.
Laminar Film Condensation on Plane and Axisymmetric Bodies in Nonuniform Gravity

Condensate film thickness and Nusselt number on axisymmetric vertical plates and cylinders, correcting for variable gravity and body form
Juniperus procera of East Africa: Volatile leaf oil composition and putative relationship to J. excelsa

Abstract The composition of the volatile leaf oils of Juniperus procera from Ethiopia and Kenya are reported and compared with the leaf oil of Juniperus excelsa from Greece. The leaf oil of J. procera is dominated by α-pinene (22.3%), 3-carene (18.7%), trans-totarol (8.9%) and abietadiene (7.8%) as well as moderate levels (2–4%) of elemol, α-eudesmol, myrcene, β-phellandrene, β-pinene and terpinolene. Particularly unusual for Juniperus is the large yield of 12 diterpenoids. In contrast, the oil of J. excelsa from Greece is dominated by cedrol (28.1%), α-pinene (22.5%) and limonene (22.7%), with moderate amounts of 3-carene and myrcene as well as numerous sesquiterpenes in small concentrations. The divergence of J. procera from J. excelsa as early as the Mio-Pliocene has resulted in numerous differences in their leaf volatile oils and also a few morphological changes. The proposal that J. procera is conspecific with J. excelsa is rejected.
A United States View on Changes in Land Use and Land Values Affecting Sustainable Forest Management

Summary With increasing opportunity costs of keeping land in forests because of increasing values for other land uses, such as for developed uses, forest ownership may become less attractive for some landowners and the return on investment less viable for both private and public landowners. This raises the question of what will become of the forests and the resources the forest supports, such as water and wildlife, if owners of the forests find it too costly to manage the forest. Land markets provide evidence on revealed behavior about what people are willing to actually pay for a bundle of rights necessary to gain access to land that can provide forest-based goods and services into perpetuity. However, owing to market failures and the nature of some forest land values, markets do not always reveal true forest land values, as discussed below. Allocation of land by use and cover types is a key determinant in sustainable forest management, with changes in land values providing important signals to land mana...
Proton proton bremsstrahlung at 20 MeV

Abstract The proton proton bremsstrahlung has been investigated at 20 MeV beam energy. The outgoing protons were detected at equal angles of 35° to the beam, and the cross section d 2 σ/ d Ω 1 d Ω 2 was found to be 1.3 ± 0.4 μb/sr2. This values is in agreement with theoretical calculations, and with other experimental data at low energies.
Polygraphic studies of normal infants and infants at risk for the sudden infant death syndrome: heart rate and variability as a function of state.

Polygraphic Studies of Normal Infants and Infants at Risk for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Heart Rate and Variability as a Function of State
Mandibular Fossa Morphology in the Ngandong and Sambungmacan Fossil Hominids

There has been debate in recent years concerning the significance of the mandibular fossa morphology in the Ngandong and Sambungmacan hominids. These fossils lack a postglenoid process and their squamotympanic fissure runs along the apex of the fossa for its entire length. This configuration differs from that seen in other fossil and modern humans, which have a prominent postglenoid process and a squamotympanic fissure that takes a more posterior course that does not lie in the apex of the fossa. Some recent studies have suggested that the Ngandong and Sambungmacan hominids are not unique in their expression of these characteristics, and that they can also be found in other fossil crania from Africa and Indonesia. The present study reexamines these morphologies in an effort to better understand their distribution in the hominid fossil record. The results confirm that the lack of a prominent postglenoid process in combination with a squamotympanic fissure that lies wholly in the apex of the mandibular fossa along its entire length is indeed autapomorphic for the Ngandong and Sambungmacan fossils. This finding, in conjunction with work on other nonmetric features in these hominids, suggests that at least two hominid morphs, possibly representing separate species, were present on Java during the Pleistocene. In addition, if this apparent autapomorphy is confirmed, then it is also unlikely that the Ngandong hominids contributed to the gene pool of modern humans.
Dynamic Shuttling and Intranuclear Mobility of Nuclear Hormone Receptors

We expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras of estrogen, retinoic acid, and thyroid hormone receptors (ERs, RARs, and TRs, respectively) in HeLa cells to examine nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and intranuclear mobility of nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) by confocal microscopy. These receptors were predominantly in the nucleus and, interestingly, underwent intranuclear reorganization after ligand treatment. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling was demonstrated by heterokaryon experiments and energy-dependent blockade of nuclear import and leptomycin-dependent blockade of nuclear export. Ligand addition decreased shuttling by GFP-ER, whereas heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor helped maintain TR and RAR within the nucleus. Intranuclear mobility of the GFP-NRs was studied by fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching ± cognate ligands. Both GFP-TR and GFP-RAR moved rapidly in the nucleus, and ligand binding did not significantly affect their mobility. In contrast, estrogen binding decreased the mobility of GFP-ER and also increased the fraction of GFP-ER that was unable to diffuse. These effects were even more pronounced with tamoxifen. Co-transfection of the co-activator, SRC-1, further slowed the mobility of liganded GFP-ER. Our findings suggest estradiol and tamoxifen exert differential effects on the intranuclear mobility of GFP-ER. They also show that ligand-binding and protein-protein interactions can affect the intracellular mobility of some NRs and thereby may contribute to their biological activity.
Performance characteristics of a rapid western blot assay system for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Abstract One hundred and twenty reactive sera were selected from specimens studied by enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, North Chicago, IL) for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Using these sera, the ‘WesPage’ system (American Bionetics, Inc., Haywood, CA), was compared to the Western blot evaluation performed by a commercial reference laboratory (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, North Chicago, IL). Using criteria established by the Food and Drug Administration, all major bands representing specific antigens of HIV-1 and their corresponding antibodies were identified on the immunoblot membrane when the strongly reactive control serum was used in the assay. The weakly reactive control serum demonstrated antibodies to the p24 core antigen and the gp120 160 envelope antigen of the virus in addition to others. The non-reactive control serum did not react with any antigen on the immunoblot sheet. All results obtained by our evaluation agreed with the reference laboratory results. The WesPage assay offers a combination of advantages which include rapid turn around time, less direct contact with potentially infectious materials, good resolution of bands and high reproducibility of results.