cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug-use patterns among men who have sex with men presenting for alcohol treatment: differences in ethnic and sexual identity.

Two important gaps in our current understanding of drug and alcohol use among men who have sex with men (MSM) are that, first, little is knowin about the extent of drug- and alcohol-use disorders among MSM and, second, how these may vary among MSM who differ by ethniclracial or sexual identity. This article is a descriptive study of the alcohol-and drug-use patterns and alcohol and drug diagnoses in an ethnically and sexually diverse sample of treatment-seeking MSM whose primary diagnosis is either alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence. The severity of alcohol problems did not vary by either ethnic or sexual identity, although the types of drugs that were used by participants did. African Americans reported a significantly higher number of drinks per drinking day compared with those in the other ethnic categories, Gay-identified men and those identified as either non-Hispanic Whites or Hispanic/Latino were significantly more likely to have used stimulant drugs (amphetamine or methamphetamine) in the past 6 months, and non-Hispanic Whites were less likely to have used marijuana compared with the other ethnic groups. A very high rate of comorbidity of drug- and alcohol-use disorders was found in this sample of ethnically diverse MSM. These results have important implications for the design of effective treatment interventions.
Simple soluble molecular ionization model

We present a simple exact analytical solution, using the Weyl-Titchmarsh-Kodaira spectral theorem, for the spectral function of the one-dimensional diatomic molecule model consisting of two attractive $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function wells in the presence of a static external electric field. For sufficiently deep and far apart wells, this molecule supports both an even and an odd state, and the introduction of a static electric field turns these bound states into quasibound states which are Stark-shifted and broadened. The continuum spectrum also inherits an intricate pattern of resonances which reflect the competition between resonant scattering between the two atomic wells and between the linear potential and one or both atomic well(s). All results are analytic and can be easily plotted. The relation between the large orders of the divergent perturbative Stark-shift series and the nonperturbative widths of quasibound levels is studied.
Absolute Phase Shift of Phase Conjugators

We present theoretical expressions and experimental measurements of the absolute phase shifts of phase conjugators. Photorefractive media, transparent media, saturable absorbers and saturable amplifiers are considered in the analysis. Experimental measurements of the absolute phase shifts are presented for barium titanate, strontium barium niobate and ruby.
Influence of Human Skin Surface Lipids on Protection Time of Topical Mosquito Repellent

Skin surface lipids were extracted from volunteers who had been ranked according to the duration of protection from mosquitoes by diethyltoluamide. These lipids were analyzed by GLC-mass spectrometry for their fatty acid contents. Correlations were found between total skin lipid content and protection time of diethyltoluamide and between certain fatty acid concentrations in the skin lipids and the protection time of diethyltoluamide.
Selection of materials and sensors for health monitoring of composite structures

Embedded structural health monitoring systems are envisioned to be an important component of future transportation systems. One of the key challenges in designing an SHM system is the choice of sensors, and a sensor layout, which can detect unambiguously relevant structural damage. This paper focuses on the relationship between sensors, the materials of which they are made, and their ability to detect structural damage. Sensor selection maps have been produced which plot the capabilities of the full range of available sensor types vs. the key performance metrics (power consumption, resolution, range, sensor size, coverage). This exercise resulted in the identification of piezoceramic Lamb wave transducers as the sensor of choice. Experimental results are presented for the detailed selection of piezoceramic materials to be used as Lamb wave transducers.
Parameatal ducts of glans penis Structure, symptoms, and treatment of uncommon focus of infection

It has been shown that persistent penile irritation and purulent discharge from around the urethral meatus may rarely be caused by inflammation of tiny tubular structures previously known as paraurethral ducts. They appear to be rare embryologic remnants which can be involved in the venereal disease complex. Local excision is the appropriate treatment if symptoms are not responsive to antibiotic therapy.
Emotional and behavioral reactions to social undermining: A closer look at perceived offender motives

Abstract This study examined how perceptions of underlying offender motives affect victims’ emotional and behavioral reactions toward their offender. Perceived offender motives of malice and greed were embedded in a cognition–emotion–behavior model based on theories of attribution, forgiveness and revenge, and tested in the context of social undermining. Findings suggested that victims distinguished between offender malice and greed, and that these attributions shaped subsequent emotional reactions, which in turn demonstrated independent relations with revenge, avoidance, and reconciliation.
Composite patches as reinforcements and crack arrestors in aircraft structures

The application of adhesively bonded composite patches as reinforcements and crack arrestors for a multisite damaged aircraft structure is investigated. Experiments are performed to test the ability of a bonded composite reinforcement to prevent cracks from coalescing. With a e nite element model developed for composite patch repairs, the effect of thermal residual stresses on the stress-intensity factor and the resulting fatigue crack growth rate is demonstrated. An effective thermal stress is estimated by comparing experimental results with model predictions. Reinforcement for a multiple-site damage situation is analyzed by modeling an ine nite row of closely spaced cracked rivet holes. The composite reinforcement is shown to dramatically reduce the stress-intensity factor, increase fatigue life, and protect against catastrophic failure.
RHBD Bias Circuits Utilizing Sensitive Node Active Charge Cancellation

A novel radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) technique that utilizes charge sharing to mitigate single-event voltage transients is employed to harden bias circuits. Sensitive node active charge cancellation (SNACC) compensates for injected charge at critical nodes in analog and mixed-signal circuits by combining layout techniques to enhance charge sharing with additional current mirror circuitry. The SNACC technique is verified with a bootstrap current source using simulations in a 90-nm CMOS process. Reductions of approximately 66% in transient amplitude and 62% in transient duration are observed for 60-degree single-event strikes with an LET of 40 MeV*cm2/mg. The SNACC technique can be extended to protect multiple sensitive nodes (M-SNACC). M-SNACC is used to harden the bias circuit of a complementary folded cascode operational amplifier, providing a significant reduction in single-event vulnerability for a 8-bit digital-to-analog converter.
Langmuir-Blodgett films and black lipid membranes in biospecific surface-selective sensors

Abstract Artificial membrane structures containing biospecific binding sites have become important in the development of surface-selective sensor devices. The use of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films and black lipid membranes in these devices is discussed. This report also reviews enzyme-substrate, antibody-antigen, lectin-saccharide, receptor-transmitter and porphyrin systems suitable for deposition as, or incorporation into, membrane structures. The discussion is accompanied by pertinent examples from the literature. The experimental techniques and future prospects associated with the application of LB films and related technologies to biospecific sensor development are also discussed.
Gel Electrophoretic Quantitation of Protein Carbonyls Derivatized with Tritiated Sodium Borohydride

Abstract A method for the quantitation of protein carbonyls, which have been widely employed as markers of protein oxidative damage, is described. Protein carbonyls were derivatized with tritiated sodium borohydride and the tritiated proteins were separated on SDS–PAGE. Protein bands, visualized by Coomassie blue staining, were then excised and incubated in 30% H 2 O 2 at 60°C for 48 h. Tritium, incorporated into the proteins, was quantitated by liquid scintillation counting after gel solubilization by H 2 O 2 . This method can be applied to the measurement of carbonylation of specific proteins as it employs SDS–PAGE and has the advantage that unreacted NaB 3 H 4 in the labeling reaction mixture need not be removed. The present method, when combined with immunochemical detection of protein carbonyls, should be very useful in the quantitation of oxidative damage to individual proteins.
Greedy drawings of triangulations

Greedy Routing is a class of routing algorithms in which the packets are forwarded in a manner that reduces the distance to the destination at every step. In an attempt to provide theoretical guarantees for a class of greedy routing algorithms, Papadimitriou and Ratajczak [19] came up with the following conjecture: Any 3-connected planar graph can be drawn in the plane such that for every pair of vertices s and t a distance decreasing path can be found. A path s = v1, v2,…,vk=t in a drawing is said to be distance decreasing if ||vi - t|| vi-1 -t||, 2 ≤ i ≤ k where || … || denotes the Euclidean distance. We settle this conjecture in the affirmative for the case of triangulations. A partitioning of the edges of a triangulation G into 3 trees, called the realizer of G, was first developed by Walter Schnyder who also gave a drawing algorithm based on this. We generalize Schnyder's algorithm to obtain a whole class of drawings of any given triangulation G. We show, using the Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz Theorem, that some drawing of G belonging to this class is greedy.
Interaction between histamine and adenosine in human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells: modulation of second messengers

This study demonstrates the presence of histamine H1 and H2 receptors and purinoreceptors A1 and A2 on endothelial cells derived from human brain microvessels (HBEC). Histamine induced formation of both inositol triphosphate (IP3) (EC50=10.2±0.9 μM) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (EC50=5.2±0.9 μM) in HBEC in a concentration-dependent fashion. IP3 formation was inhibited by H1 receptor antagonists mepyramine maleate and chlorphenyramine, but not by H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. Production of cAMP was efficiently inhibited by cimetidine. Selective A1 receptor agonists decreased, whereas A2 receptor agonists increased cAMP production in HBEC. When added together with histamine to HBEC cultures, both A1 and A2 receptor agonists diminished histamine-induced IP3 stimulation. This effect was reversed in the presence of specific A1 and A2 receptor antagonists, respectively. Marked augmentation of histamine-induced cAMP production by HBEC was observed in the presence of A2 agonist. This response was dependent on H1 receptors, since it was reduced in the presence of H1-receptor antagonist. It is suggested that interaction between histamine and adenosine modulating induction of second messengers in HBEC may influence endothelium-dependent responses of brain microvascular compartments.
Mechanism of Protein Modification by Glyoxal and Glycolaldehyde, Reactive Intermediates of the Maillard Reaction

The role of glyoxal and glycolaldehyde in protein cross-linking and N∊-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) formation during Maillard reaction under physiological conditions was investigated. Incubation of bovine serum albumin with these reagents lead to rapid formation of C-2-imine cross-links and CML. Initial CML formation rate from glyoxal was not dependent on oxidation, suggesting an intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction. CML formation from glucose/lysine or Amadori product of both was strongly dependent on oxidation. Blocking of Amadori product by boric acid totally suppressed CML formation from Amadori product, but only by 37% in the glucose/lysine system. Trapping of glyoxal with aminoguanidine hardly suppressed CML formation from Amadori product, whereas it blocked 50% of CML production in the glucose/lysine system. While these results would support a significant role for glucose autoxidation in CML formation, the addition of lysine to a glucose/aminoguanidine incubation system catalyzed glyoxal-triazine formation 7-fold, thereby strongly suggesting that glucose autoxidation is not a factor for glyoxal-mediated CML formation. Based on these results, it can be estimated that approximately 50% of the CML forming in a glucose/lysine system originates from oxidation of Amadori product, and 40-50% originates from a pre-Amadori stage largely independent from glucose autoxidation. This step may be related to the so-called Namiki pathway of the Maillard reaction.
Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events

Between July 2000 and August 2001 forty-threeair samples were collected in the northernCaribbean: Twenty-six in the US VirginIslands, and 17 samples aboard ship during two1-week cruises. Samples were collected duringAfrican dust events and non-dust conditions andscreened for the presence of culturablebacteria and fungi. A total of 3,652 liters ofair were collected during non-dust conditions,with 19 bacteria and 28 fungi being recovered.During dust conditions a total of 2,369 litersof air were screened resulting in the recoveryof 171 bacteria and 76 fungi. A statisticallysignificant difference was found between thetwo data sets. These results support previousAfrican dust research and further demonstratethat dust particles can serve as a vessel forthe global dispersion of bacteria and fungi.Dustborne microorganisms may play a significantrole in the ecology and health of downwindecosystems.
Analysis of radar sea return for breaking wave investigation

[1] Low-grazing angle backscattering data collected by a coherent dual-polarized radar installed on a fixed tower in the ocean are analyzed to investigate the properties of sea spikes attributable to wave breaking. The distribution of breaking wave speed is narrow-banded with an average speed between 2.0 and 2.6 m/s in mixed seas with wind speeds between 7 and 14.5 m/s. The corresponding breaking wavelength is between 2.5 and 4.3 m. The length or velocity scale of wave breaking is not proportional to the length or velocity scale of the dominant wave. This observation reflects the localized nature of the breaking process and may have significant implications on quantifying various breaking properties such as the energy dissipation or area of turnover by breaking waves. The fraction of sea spike coverage generally increases with wind speed but the trend of increase is modified by the intensity and relative direction of background swell. Parameterizations of sea spike coverage needs to take into consideration both wind and wave factors. Similarities and differences between sea spikes and whitecaps are discussed. In particular, while both quantities show a similar power law dependence on wind speed, the fraction of sea spike coverage is considerably higher than that of whitecap coverage. This result reflects the prevalence of steep features that produce quasi-specular facets and short-scale waves bounded to intermediate waves during breaking. These quasi-specular facets and bound waves contribute significantly to enhancing the radar sea return but may not entrain air to produce whitecap signature.
Time resolved study of electrode reactions using Fourier transform impedance spectroscopy: mutually correlated adsorption kinetics of Cu2+ and ClO4− on gold

Abstract This work demonstrates the time resolved capability of Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FT-EIS) for in situ kinetic studies of electrode reactions. The model system studied here is a gold electrode, employed as a substrate for dc voltage controlled deposition and stripping of copper in the presence of ClO4− ions in an aqueous electrolyte. Full Nyquist plots are collected through 1-s intervals during the occurrence of dc voltage controlled surface reactions. Distinctly different signatures of deposition and stripping of Cu are observed in the time resolved EIS data. Mutually coupled EIS features of ClO4− and Cu2+ indicate how the two types of ions affect each other’s adsorption kinetics as functions of the applied dc voltage.
Demand for energy and insulation

Abstract The consumer's problem of choosing an optimal level of energy consumption and insulation is modelled as a two-stage optimization problem. The choice of energy consumption, given the level of insulation, is posed as a periodic control problem, the solution to which is written as a function of the insulation level. Choice of the insulation level is then a standard scalar optimization problem. The method permits construction of theoretically sound demand functions. The model implies a unique value for the consumer's tradeoff between comfort and expense, and a range of values for his discount rate.
A history of progress: NIEHS, the first 20 years (1966 to 1986).

In 1966, a handful of National Institutes of Health employees arrived in North Carolina and occupied leased office space on what was later to become the Institute's North Campus. Their assignment was to build a national biomedical research agency to investigate the health effects of environmental agents. This research was to be accomplished both by scientists at the site in North Carolina and by investigators who would receive research support from the Institute at colleges and universities across the U.S. The North Carolina location was on the countryside, not too far from three major universitiesDuke University, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The leased office space that the new arrivals occupied was in an area eannarked for carefial development as Research lYiangle Park, planned as a new national center for research and high technology development, and destined to gain international acclaim. The prospects for the agency in those days seemed less than certain. In setting up the unit, originally designated the Division of Environmental Health Sciences, the Government had followed a Congressional mandate to locate all new agencies more than 50 miles from Washington, DC, which meant locating the new Institute far from its parent agency NIH which is headquartered in Bethesda, MD. Furthermore, the Research Triangle Park, while a brilliant idea with strong and dedicated backing, was not yet guaranteed to be a successful concept. Despite impressive plans, only a few large research facilities had located in the Park, and much of the terain was as it had been for centurierocky
Role of academic medical centers in cell-based therapeutic clinical trials.

Allogenic cell-based therapies derived from pluripotent or multipotent stem cells are being developed for a range of human disorders, including degenerative neurological disorders, spinal cord injury, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and acute lung injury (1). Because the biology and regulation of stem cell development is just becoming established, academic medical centers encompassing basic science, clinical expertise and research infrastructure seem to be the ideal environment for initial clinical trials of such cell-based therapies. Here, we examine the benefits and potential challenges to academic-industry collaboration on clinical trials involving cell-based therapies.
Homeotropic Alignment of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Using Noncovalent Interactions

We report on the homeotropic alignment of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs). Homeotropic anchoring of LCLCs is difficult to achieve, and this challenge has limited development of applications for LCLCs. In this work, homeotropic alignment is achieved using noncovalent interactions between the LCLC molecules and various alignment layers including graphene, parylene films, poly(methyl methacrylate) films, and fluoropolymer films. The LCLC molecules are unique in that they self-assemble via noncovalent interactions in water into elongated aggregates which, in turn, form nematic and columnar liquid crystal (LC) phases. Here we exploit these same noncovalent interactions to induce homeotropic anchoring of the nematic LCLC. Homeotropic alignment is confirmed by polarized optical microscopy and conoscopy. We also report on novel transient stripe textures that occur when an initial flow-induced planar alignment transforms into the equilibrium homeotropic alignment required by boundary conditions. An understanding of this behavior could be important for switching applications.
Characterization of MCF 7 breast cancer cell growth inhibition by the antiestrogen nitromifene (CI 628) and selected metabolites.

Abstract Besides undergoing O-demethylation in vivo the triarylethylene antiestrogen nitromifene [1(4-(2-pyrrolidinylethoxy)phenyl)-1(4-methoxy)-phenyl-2-phenyl-2-nitroethene, 1] undergoes biotransformation via nitroreduction, ethene bond cleavage, and pyrrolidine ring oxidation affording ketone metabolites 2 and 3 and a lactam metabolite 4. Estrogen receptor (ER) affinities of 1, 2, and 4 were, in turn, 1.7, 0. l, and 3.8% that of estradiol in MCF 7 human breast cancer cells, and these compounds inhibited by 50% the proliferation of MCF 7 cells at respective concentrations of 1.1, 5.6, and 2.0 μM The inhibitory effect of 4 was fully reversible by estradiol, but that of 2 was only partially reversible. Also 3, which did not interact with ER, inhibited proliferation by 44% at a concentration of 10 μM. These results suggested that in constrast to 4, the effects of 2 and 3 were due in part to interaction with sites distinct from ER. Antiestrogen binding sites and calmodulin have been suggested to mediate antiproliferative effects of drugs. Interaction of ligands with the former sites has been proposed to antagonize the growth promoting effect of histamine. Although 2 and 3 had high affinities for these sites, their inhibitory effects on MCF 7 cell growth were largely unaffected by the presence of histidine, the source of intracellular histamine. Thus, the relationship between antiestrogen binding site affinity and antiproliferative effects of 2 and 3 was not clarified. In contrast, MCF 7 cell growth suppression potencies paralleled calmodulin antagonist potencies of 1 and 2 suggesting that interaction of 1 and 2 with calmodulin may contribute to their anticancer effects.
Biogeography and Landscape-Scale Diversity of the Dominant Crenarchaeota of Soil

We surveyed the diversity of soil Archaea across a large scale elevational gradient of ecosystem types, from foothills forest to alpine tundra in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. We used a dilution technique to sequence the single most abundant archaeal 16S rDNA sequence in each of the 40 soil cores distributed across the gradient to compare our results to those of typical 16S clone library studies.We found a greater diversity of sequences than has typically been found in clone library studies from a single site or core, identifying sequences both from the Terrestrial Group and the FFSB Group at several sites. We did not observe any significant environmental correlates with the dominant sequence type, nor was there any relationship between the spatial distance between samples and the phylogenetic similarity of the dominant sequence types. Despite using a very different methodology, our collective results are in remarkably good agreement with other studies of soil Crenarchaeota in terms of the diversity and relative abundance of sequence types identified. We are able to identify two instances of very tightly clustered sequences which we suggest are the results of global selective sweeps—one closely related to SCA1145, an abundant globally distributed group within the Terrestrial Group of Crenarchaeota, and another nested within the more basal FFSB group of sequences. We replicated our sequence results at two levels: first, by repeating the dilution and PCR processes from the same soil core DNA extraction, and second, by performing a replicate DNA extraction from the same homogenized soil core sample. Pairs of sequences produced by the dilution replicates were significantly more similar than the pairs of sequences produced by the extraction replicates, suggesting that soil Crenarchaeota exists in highly localized and discrete clonal populations.
Minimum f-divergence estimators and quasi-likelihood functions

Maximum quasi-likelihood estimators have several nice asymptotic properties. We show that, in many situations, a family of estimators, called the minimum f-divergence estimators, can be defined such that each estimator has the same asymptotic properties as the maximum quasi-likelihood estimator. The family of minimum f-divergence estimators include the maximum quasi-likelihood estimators as a special case. When a quasi-likelihood is the log likelihood from some exponential family, Amari's dual geometries can be used to study the maximum likelihood estimator. A dual geometric structure can also be defined for more general quasi-likelihood functions as well as for the larger family of minimum f-divergence estimators. The relationship between the f-divergence and the quasi-likelihood function and the relationship between the f-divergence and the power divergence is discussed.
Critical phenomena in microgravity: Past, present, and future

This review provides an overview of the progress in using the low-gravity environment of space to explore critical phenomena and test modern theoretical predictions. Gravity-induced variations in the hydrostatic pressure and the resulting density gradients adversely affect ground-based measurements near fluid critical points. Performing measurements in a low-gravity environment can significantly reduce these difficulties. A number of significant experiments have been performed in low-Earth orbit. Experiments near the lambda transition in liquid helium explored the regime of large correlation lengths and tested the theoretical predictions to a level of precision that could not be obtained on Earth. Other studies have validated theoretical predictions for the divergence in the viscosity as well as the unexpected critical speeding up of the thermal equilibrium process in pure fluids near the liquid-gas critical point. We describe the scientific content of previously flown low-gravity investigations of critical phenomena as well as those in the development stage, and associated ground-based work.
Kinetic characterization of rat serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase using a simplified radioenzymatic assay.

Abstract A simplified radioenzymatic assay for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), utilizing partially purified phenyl-ethanol-N-methyl-transferase and 3 (H)-S-adenosylmethionine, was developed and used to characterize DBH activity found in rat serum. The Km of DBH for ascorbic acid was 1.34 mM. The Km for tyramine was a complex function of the concentration of the allosteric activator, fumarate, and the relative concentration of cupric ion compared to inhibitor concentration. The kinetics of the effect of cupric ion on DBH inhibitor were investigated extensively.
Abstract IA7: Functional genomics to identify cancer targets and resistance

Recent advances in genomics now make it possible to consider enumerating all of the genetic lesions in specific cancers. While these approaches will yield critical information regarding the identify, number, and types of alterations found in human tumors, a complementary approach to decipher the molecular basis of malignant transformation depends upon the application of genome scale tools to annotate the function of genes involved in cancer initiation and progression. Over the past several years, we have developed genome scale RNAi libraries and open reading frame expression libraries that permit a systematic evaluation of genes involved in cancer initiation and maintenance. Using these libraries, we have now performed screens in a panel of human cancer cell lines to systematically identify cancer vulnerabilities. By combining these functional approaches with information derived from mapping the structural abnormalities present in cancer genomes, we have identified several new oncogenes that contribute to cancer development. In pilot studies, we have identified several genes that act as synthetic lethal partners to known oncogenes or mediate resistance to targeted therapies. In recent work, we have expanded the scale of these experiments to genome scale in more than 100 cell lines, which has permitted greatly expanded and deeper investigation into genes that program the malignant state. Together, these studies suggest that combining forward and reverse genetic approaches with information derived from the cancer genome characterization projects will yield a comprehensive list of cancer vulnerabilities and establish a general approach for the rational identification of oncogenic and co-dependent pathways in cancer. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Functional genomics to identify cancer targets and resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA7.
RESPONSE OF KALANCHOE TUBIFLORA TO X-RADIATION

A study extending over three and one-half years was made of the vegetative and reproductive growth of Kalanchoe tubiflora, (Harvey) Hamet., a Madagascan succulent of the Crassulaceae. This plant, which grows well in greenhouses of this country particularly during the hot days of late spring and summer, is well adapted to a study of responses to various environmental factors. Studies (2) have been made of its response to different light intensities, different qualities of light as supplied by fluorescent light tubes, supplemental artificial light, and to X-radiation. The present paper will be limited to the response to X-radiation. Plants of this species of Kalanchoe were first seen by the writer in the gardens of the Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum at (Soledad) Cienfuegos, Cuba. The present superintendent, Mr. Frank Walsingham, suggested their probable value for experimental work and made it possible to secure some young plants from Mr. A. C. Jordahn, then associate superintendent of the Fairchild Tropical Garden at Cocoanut Grove, Florida. From these original plants, hundreds have been grown in the University of Colorado greenhouse. Kalanchoe tubiflora has a long slender unbranched stem with spirally arranged leaves. However, vegetative shoots which arise in the region of the terminal inflorescence after the flowers have faded, give old plants a branched appearance. The almost cylindrical leaves which are 4-5 mm. wide and 6-7.5 mm. long are normally strikingly mottled with purple streaks or blotches. Typically the leaf tip has from four to seven small teeth. When the plant is reproducing vegetatively, protuberances extend outward from between the teeth. Clamp (1) refers to the protuberances as leaf claws. At the tip of each claw, develop little plantlets each consisting of a short disc-like stem bearing two pairs of leaves (Fig. 1). While in this two-leaved condition, the plantlets fall to the ground and develop into new individual plants.
Characterization of the antibody to the C-carbohydrate produced by a transplantable mouse plasmacytoma.

Abstract A transplantable BALB/c mouse plasmacytoma, S63, produces an immunoglobulin with antibody activity directed specifically against the C-carbohydrate of the pneumococcus. This immunoglobylin is of the IgA class and possesses a kappa light chain. The combining site resides in the Fab not the Fc fragment. Some of the antibodies of BALB/c mice induced by C-carbohydrate have the idiotypic determinants which characterize S63-immunoglobulin.
Is there any association between cerebral vasoconstriction/vasodilatation and microdialysis Lactate to Pyruvate ratio increase?

Although abnormally high Lactate/Pyruvate ratio (LPR) could indicate cerebral ischemia for brain injury patients, there is a debate on what is primary factor responsible for LPR increase. A data analysis experiment is taken to test whether any association between cerebral vasodilatation/vasoconstriction and LPR increase exists. We studied 4,316 microdialysis data samples collected in an average interval of 1.3 h from 30 severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The LPR increase episodes were automatically identified using a moving time-window of 5 samples. A novel pulse morphological template matching (PMTM) algorithm was applied to the intracranial pressure (ICP) data of the corresponding patients to assess the occurrence of cerebral vasodilatation and vasoconstriction during the identified LPR increase episodes. Several analyses were performed to evaluate the association between cerebral vasoconstriction/vasodilatation and LPR increase. Results revealed that although more than half of the LPR increase episodes are not associated with any detected cerebral vasoconstriction/vasodilatation, when a vaso–change happens in association of LPR increase, it is more likely that this vaso–change is in the form of vasoconstriction rather than vasodilatation. Also for few subjects with dominant number of vasoconstriction episodes, a causality relationship between vasoconstriction and LPR increase were observed (vasoconstriction precedes LPR increase). Using continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and our pulse morphological template matching (PMTM) algorithm could be potentially helpful in teasing out whether culprit cerebral vascular changes precede metabolic crisis for traumatic brain injury patients and hence guiding the management of this condition.
Use of criminal justice language in personal narratives of out-of-school suspensions: Black students, caregivers, and educators

Abstract Racial disproportionality in out-of-school suspensions is a persistent social justice issue affecting students, families, and schools. This research examined the use of criminal justice language in the personal narratives of out-of-school suspensions of 31 Black students aged 11–17 years, 28 caregivers, and 19 educators who participated in individual, semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews. A total of 51 criminal justice and legal terms were spontaneously used 474 times by 59 out of 78 participants. Social language analyses indicted that participants used criminal justice terms in a variety of ways including to speak through the authoritative criminal justice perspective to justify or resist punitive actions, and to create new meanings within the school context. By using criminal justice language, a strong and consistent message is sent to youths about the connection between their misbehaviors at school and the criminal justice system. Indeed, students spoke through the perspective of the criminal defendant using terms such as “crime,” “self-defense,” and “prisoner” to describe themselves, their behaviors and experiences of out-of-school suspensions. The use of criminal justice language at school may impact Black students' perspectives of their own misbehaviors, relevant to the development of a criminalized self and social identity. We discuss the use of criminal justice language to refer to student misbehaviors in school as one potential mechanism in the school-to-prison pipeline. More generally, we discuss implications for resisting the criminalization of Black students through the ways in which we communicate about and with them at school.
Spectrin expression during mammalian brain ontogeny.

Abstract At least 2 distinct spectrin subtypes, brain spectrin(240/235) and brain spectrin (240/235E), are contained in the mammalian brain. Evidence that these subtypes are differentially expressed during mouse brain development is reviewed. Brain spectrin(240/235) is detected in fetal brain tissues, and increases 2-fold to adult levels. This subtype is enriched in the cortical cytoplasm of germinative neural cells, and is also associated with fibers resembling axons in the fetus. Brain spectrin(240/235E), a brain subtype specifically detected with antibodies to red blood cell spectrin, is below the limits of detection in the fetal and neonatal brain but rapidly increases in concentration during the second postnatal week. Brain spectrin(240/235E) is found in the cell body and dendrites of differentiating neurons and glial cells, but is not expressed in mitotic cells. This subtype is especially prominent in granule cells of the cerebellum and dentate gyrus. The potential function of these spectrin subtypes during neuro-ontogeny is discussed.
Asymptotic properties of consensus-type algorithms for networked systems with regime-switching topologies

This paper is concerned with asymptotic properties of consensus-type algorithms for networked systems whose topologies switch randomly. The regime-switching process is modeled as a discrete-time Markov chain with a finite state space. The consensus control is achieved by using stochastic approximation methods. In the setup, the regime-switching process (the Markov chain) contains a rate parameter @e>0 in the transition probability matrix that characterizes how frequently the topology switches. On the other hand, the consensus control algorithm uses a stepsize @m that defines how fast the network states are updated. Depending on their relative values, three distinct scenarios emerge. Under suitable conditions, we show that when 0<@e=O(@m), a continuous-time interpolation of the iterates converges weakly to a system of randomly switching ordinary differential equations modulated by a continuous-time Markov chain. In this case a scaled sequence of tracking errors converges to a system of switching diffusion. When 0<@[email protected][email protected], the network topology is almost non-switching during consensus control transient intervals, and hence the limit dynamic system is simply an autonomous differential equation. When @[email protected][email protected], the Markov chain acts as a fast varying noise, and only its averaged network matrices are relevant, resulting in a limit differential equation that is an average with respect to the stationary measure of the Markov chain. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate these findings.
A conjugated version of the countable dense homogeneity

We are interested in finding a homeomorphism h of a space X with h−1○Φ○h(A)=B for a given bijection Φ of X and every pair of countable dense subsets A and B of X. For a separable Banach space X, such a homeomorphism h always exists provided the fixed-point set of Φ has the empty interior. Moreover, h can be chosen to be real-analytic. As a consequence, there exists a real analytic flow that sends A onto B after time t=1. Actually, for X=Rn, any bounded real-analytic vector field can be approximated by a real-analytic vector field whose induced flow sends A onto B after time t=1. Topological and Cp smooth counterparts of these results are also obtained.
"What I got to go through": normalization and HIV-positive adolescents.

Therapeutic breakthroughs have transformed HIV into an illness that is routinized within the clinic. It is unclear, however, how these breakthroughs shape the lives of newly infected adolescents who are beginning to receive what will be life-long care and treatment. The reframing of HIV as no longer exceptional influences the lived experience of urban adolescents, whose futures must shift to incorporate expectations that they live a full life with HIV. They must now manage the clinical demands of a chronic and infectious disease, while navigating the transition from adolescence to a ‘normal’ adulthood, which, for some, means completing education, findings jobs, and building careers. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, I examine the tensions adolescents face as their experiences with HIV conflict with policy makers and researchers’ reframing of HIV as a disease like any other.
Discrete-state models: comment on Pazzaglia, Dube, and Rotello (2013).

Pazzaglia, Dube, and Rotello (2013) have provided a lengthy critique of threshold and continuous models of recognition memory. Although the early pages of their article focus mostly on the problems they see with 3 vintage threshold models compared with models from signal detection theory (SDT), it becomes clear rather quickly that Pazzaglia et al. are concerned more generally with problems they see with multinomial processing tree (MPT) models. First, we focus on Pazzaglia et al.�s discussion of the evidence concerning receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) in simple recognition memory, then we consider problems they raise with a subclass of MPT models for more complex recognition memory paradigms, and finally we discuss the difference between scientific models and measurement models in the context of MPT and SDT models in general. We argue that Pazzaglia et al. have not adequately considered the evidence relevant to the viability of the simple threshold models and that they have not adequately represented the issues concerning validating a cognitive measurement model. We further argue that selective influence studies and model flexibility studies are as important as studies showing that a model can fit behavioral data. In particular, we note that despite over a half century of effort, no generally accepted scientific theory of recognition memory has emerged and that it is unlikely to ever emerge with studies using standard behavioral measures. Instead, we assert that useful measurement models of both the SDT and the MPT type have been and should continue to be developed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Validity of the semiclassical interpretation of resonant magnetotunneling spectroscopy experiments

According to the semiclassical interpretation of resonant-magnetotunneling-spectroscopy experiments, a plot of the resonant-tunneling-diode (current) peak bias versus transverse magnetic field should give (after appropriate scaling of the axes) the zero-field E(${\mathbf{k}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$) dispersion relations for the quantum well of the device. Here we derive a general criterion for the validity of this interpretation. We find that, in most devices, for carriers tunneling a distance ${\mathit{z}}_{0}$ into a quantum well of width w, so long as the ratio \ensuremath{\lambda}=w/${\mathit{z}}_{0}$ is sufficiently small the semiclassical interpretation is justified, the error being at worst of order \ensuremath{\lambda}, but usually only of order ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}$.
The structure of amorphous binary metal-metal alloys prepared by mechanical alloying☆

Abstract The structures of amorphous binary metal-metal alloys, prepared by mechanical alloying in a high energy ball mill, can be elucidated by a careful analysis of their neutron and X-ray diffraction patterns, which yield the topological and chemical short-range order. Neutron diffraction studies showed that amorphous Ni x Ti 100- x alloys with 24 x i.e. a preference for unlike nearest neighbors. Since V is invisible for neutrons (almost zero scattering length), the neutron structure factor describes directly the atomic arrangement between NiNi and CuCu atoms in amorphous NiV and CuV alloys. A comparison of the structures of amorphous Cu 50 Zr 50 alloys prepared by mechanical alloying, by proton irradiation at low temperatures and by melt spinning showed that their atomic arrangements are very similar. Amorphous alloys of Nb, Ta and W with Fe, Ni and Cu, prepared by mechanical alloying, exhibit atomic arrangements which can be described by a distorted W structure.
Predisposing factors and antibiotic use in nosocomial infections caused by Xanthomonas maltophilia.

The gram-negative bacillus Xanthomonas maltophilia has become an increasingly important pathogen in nosocomial infections. Colonization and infection with the organism often occurs in patients with impaired host defense mechanisms, indwelling catheters, and tracheostomies, and is associated with certain surgical procedures.'-4 Recent reports describing an association between prior antimicrobial therapy, in particular imipenem, and infection with X ma/tophi/ia7 led us to investigate risk for this infection at our institution.
Zinc promotes the death of hypoxic astrocytes by upregulating hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.

Aim Pathological release of excess zinc ions has been implicated in ischemic brain cell death. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In stroke, ischemia-induced zinc release and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) accumulation concurrently occur in the ischemic tissue. The present study testes the hypothesis that the presence of high intracellular zinc concentration is a major cause of modifications to PARP-1 and HIF-1α during hypoxia, which significantly contributes to cell death during ischemia.
Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification of Didelphid Marsupials, an Extant Radiation of New World Metatherian Mammals

Abstract This report summarizes a decade of morphological and molecular research on the phylogenetic relationships of didelphid marsupials (opossums), a substantially intact radiation of New World metatherian mammals. We review the comparative morphology of Recent opossums, emphasizing those anatomical systems from which taxonomically useful information is available for the majority of living genera and species, namely the integument, cranium, and dentition. Morphological similarities and differences among didelphids and other plesiomorphic marsupials (caenolestids, microbiotheriids, dasyurids, and peramelids) are also described. These observations, representing evolved differences in diverse functional-morphological systems, together with karyotypic information gleaned from the literature, provide the basis for coding 129 phylogenetic characters that we scored for 44 ingroup and seven outgroup taxa. Published information about the size, internal organization, chromosomal location, and physiological prope...
Endothelial fenestrations and other vascular alterations in primary melanoma of the central nervous system

A primary malignant melanoma of the central nervous system is studied by light and electron microscopy. There were numerous endothelial fenestrae and basement membrane abnormalities in intrinsic tumor capillaries. It is felt that these vascular abnormalities may play a role in explaining why these tumors have an increased incidence of bleeding. No characteristic findings were encountered which would help distinguish this tumor from one of peripheral origin.
Survival and limb regeneration of hypophysectomized newts with pituitary xenografts from larval axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum.

Ten of 15 hypophysectomized newts with pituitary xenografts from larval axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, survived for over 140 days, regenerated amputated limbs and underwent occasional molts. Newts from which the larval pituitary graft was removed underwent typical hypophysectomy symptoms: sluggishness, lack of molting and death within 30 days. The results suggest that the pituitary of the larval axolotl, when implanted into the adult newt, secretes the hormones which are essential for survival and limb regeneration of the adult newt. Furthermore, pituitary xenografts to newts survive as long as pituitary homografts.
Fragmentation of organic anions induced by exothermic addition reactions

The addition reactions of a series of carbanions with CO2, COS and CS2 have been studied in a flowing afterglow apparatus. Carbon dioxide simply forms the adduct, but the more highly exothermic additions to COS and CS2 lead both to addition and addition followed by fragmentation. A number of novel fragmentation pathways have been observed for additions to diazo anions and to anions derived by proton abstraction from allenes. In addition to these reactions, highly basic anions are observed to undergo sulfur atom transfer reactions with CS2.