cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in patients with orthostatic hypotension

We determined the entire sequence of the mitochondrial genome in affected individuals from three families with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. The disorder in two of these families was recently linked to chromosome arm 18q, while the third family remains unlinked. In all three families, orthostatic hypotension is inherited through the females, suggesting the existence of additional contributing factors, such as genomic imprinting or a mitochondrial modifier. We now report the presence of multiple point mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in all three families. While most of the changes are common polymorphisms, several novel mutations were found that merit further consideration. In one individual, we detected a T-to-C transition at position 1243 in the 12SrRNA, a change from threonine to alanine at position 67 of the ND1 protein, and from valine to isoleucine at position 197 of the ND2 protein. A second individual harbored a novel substitution of threonine with serine at position 536 of the ND5 protein. Two previously unreported amino acid replacements were detected in a third individual: amino acid 193 of cytochrome b was changed from alanine to threonine, and amino acid 88 of COIII was changed from threonine to alanine. Further studies are required to assess the role of these mutations in blood pressure homeostasis.
Detection of Impurities in Synthetic Solid Lubricants

The many methods of analysis, which may be used in the detection of impurities in solid lubricants, can generally be classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Because of the limitations inherent in each, both quantitative and qualitative methods are usually necessary to determine the type and relative amounts of impurities in any sample. The technique which the authors have found most useful is a combined analysis of the complementary thermo-gravimetric and X-ray diffraction data. Other methods which have been useful in special cases include X-ray emission and quantitative chemical analysis. Examples are given of the impurity detection in several different lubricant samples. Presented at the ASLE Annual Meeting in Cleveland, May 6–9, 1968.
SU‐FF‐J‐70: Individualized Gating Windows Based On Four‐Dimensional CT Information for Respiration Gated Radiotherapy

Purpose: To relate gating window and displacement of a moving tumor target and develop a systematic method to individualize the gating window for respiration‐gated radiation therapy (RT). Methods and Materials: As the relationship between patient anatomy and respiration phase is contained in 4D images, we aim to quantify this information and utilize the data to guide gated treatment planning. After 4D image acquisition, the target and organs at risk were delineated manually on the selected gating phase. The contours were propagated automatically onto every phase‐specific image set using a control volume based contour mapping technique. The mean and maximum distance between the contours in the gating phase and each of other phases was evaluated in three dimensions. The gating window was determined in such a way that the residual movement of the target within the window is equal or comparable to the patient's setup error. The proposed method was applied to plan the gated treatments of two lungcancer patients. Results: A method to calculate patient‐specific gating window has been developed. The general reference drawn from this study is that, with the aide of 4D images and automated 4D contour propagation, it is feasible to individualize the gating window selection. As compared with the current practice, the proposed technique eliminates the guesswork involved in choosing a gating window and avoids any potential error in planning gated RT. Conclusions: Individualization of gating windows reduces the subjectivity in respiration‐gated RT and has the potential to improve the treatment of moving targets.
FURTHER REFLECTIONS ON CHANGES IN FERTILITY EXPECTATIONS AND PREFERENCES

In this paper we have shown that the statements made in our original paper and disputed by Sloane and Lee are not ". . . . .at least partially in error." Concerning the first two areas of disagreement, Sloane and Lee's analysis did not address the conclusions that we reached and, therefore, could not refute them. In the first instance the observations of Sloane and Lee are useful in understanding how one of the effects we observed occurred, but in the second area the usefulness of their analysis is not at all clear. The third area of disagreement resulted because Sloane and Lee paid insufficient attention to the observed sample relationships and used a statistical test that is inefficient for the type of data used. Of course, our disagreement is not with log-linear methodology, but with its inappropriate application and interpretation by Sloane and Lee. In two instances they used results from the log-linear procedures to address issues that could not be addressed by those particular results, and in another instance they used a log-linear test of statistical significance when a more efficient alternative provides a different picture. The problems associated with the Sloane and Lee analysis illustrate the importance of precise specification of the substantive issues being investigated and the careful interpretation of the substantive implications of the original data and statistical results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P02-004 - AIDs in a registry of children in North America

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic and organ-specific inflammation. If unrecognized and untreated, they may cause significant morbidity and mortality. Our understanding and management of these disorders has improved markedly over the last decade. Nevertheless, the majority of children with periodic fevers do not have mutations in known periodic fever syndrome genes. Even in patients with known mutations, the clinical phenotype may vary greatly, likely as a result of the environment. Given the rarity of AIDs, registries of patients with these disorders have been established in some countries. The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry is a multicenter, observational database of North American children with rheumatic diseases, including those with AIDs. Patients with defined rheumatic diseases who are 21 years of age or younger and are seen at a CARRA site are eligible to enroll. This study is the first report of patients with AIDs within this registry.
In vivo depression of hepatic succinoxidase by sulfhydryl compounds

Abstract Thioglycolate injected i.v. in dosages of 50 mg/kg, significantly depressed hepatic succinoxidase in immature rats of either sex and adult males whereas, about a five-fold excess was required to elicit a significant response in adult females. Ovariectomy increased and estradiol pretreatment, decreased the sensitivity to thioglycolate. Of a number of sulfur compounds screened on hepatic succinoxidase in males, only 2-mercaptoethanol shared this action with BAL and thioglycolate. The latter two agents were without effect on cytochrome oxidase and diaphorase but both depressed NADH cytochrome c reductase. It is suggested that the mechanism of succinoxidase inhibition involves a combination with Slater's factor, thereby causing a disruption in the normal flow of electrons.
Nicotine administration significantly alters accumbal dopamine in the adult but not in the adolescent rat.

: Many drug-dependent adults began using drugs during adolescence. In fact, adolescent drug users are more likely to become drug-dependent adults than those abstaining from drug use until after the age of 18. Because of this, recent research has begun to investigate the consequences of adolescent drug use. Specifically, research has begun to focus on the behavioral effects of drugs on the developing brain and the development of drug addiction. The present study examined the responsiveness of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway during development through the use of in vivo microdialysis. Specificall, it was determined whether nicotine-induced accumbal DA release differs between adolescent and adult rats. To assess nicotine's effects across age, animals received acute or repeated nicotine at early adolescence (postnatal day (PND) 35), late adolescence (PND 45), or young adulthood (PND 60). Findings suggest that there are significant differences between adolescent and adult animals in their dopaminergic response to nicotine. Adult animals had an enhanced DA response to acute nicotine challenge, an effect absent in adolescence. Additionally, this nicotine-induced increase in adults was not apparent after repeated nicotine treatment. These results provide insight into how the adolescent brain responds to nicotine and may also provide evidence as to how prolonged nicotine use affects normal brain development and responsiveness.
Total internal reflection fluorescence and electrocapillary investigations of adsorption at a H2O-dichloroethane electrochemical interface. 1. Low-frequency behavior

Total internal reflection fluorescence and electrocapillary measurements are employed to provide complementary potential-dependent information about the mechanical and photophysical properties of the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions, 1,2-dichloroethane−H2O. Adsorption of the zwitterionic amphiphile, di-N-butylaminonaphthylethenylpyridiniumpropylsulfonate (I) produces an interface with mechanical (interfacial tension) and charge transport properties qualitatively like the unmodified interface. Addition of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) to the organic phase produces an interface dominated by DLPC adsorption and drastically alters the potential dependence of the interfacial tension, γ, the interfacial excess populations, ΓI, the charge transport, and the fluorescence response from I. This result is explained in terms of a potential-dependent protonation of the DLPC at the interface, which causes it to desorb, and a competition for interfacial sites between DLPC and protonated and u...
Host modulation of tissue destruction caused by periodontopathogens: effects on a mixed microbial infection composed of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Abstract These studies determined the ability of selected periodontopathogens to synergistically initiate soft tissue destruction in a murine abscess model. The development of immunity following recovery from infection or by active immunization was also examined. Mice were infected withP. gingivalisW50,F. nucleatumT18, or a combination of the two microorganisms.F. nucleatumcaused only a localized lesion in contrast toP. gingivaliswhich caused a spreading suppurative inflammatory lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which, depending upon the dose, could result in death. Infection of mice with a combination ofP. gingivalisandF. nucleatumelicited a significantly greater lesion size (P
E6 Symmetry Breaking in the Superstring Theory

We derive two methods for determining the symmetry breaking of E6 in the low energy superstring theory, and classify all breaking patterns. A method for calculating the effective Higgs vacuum expectation values is presented. We show that there are theories with naturally light SU2w Higgs doublets, and classify all theories in which this occurs. The phenomenology of spontaneously broken E6 theories is discussed, emphasizing the issues of nucleon decay and neutrino masses.
Opioid interruptions, pain, and withdrawal symptoms in nursing home residents.

Abstract Purpose Interruptions in opioid use have the potential to cause pain relapse and withdrawal symptoms. The objectives of this study were to observe patterns of opioid interruption during acute illness in nursing home residents and examine associations between interruptions and pain and withdrawal symptoms. Methods Patients from 3 nursing homes in a metropolitan area who were prescribed opioids were assessed for symptoms of pain and withdrawal by researchers blinded to opioid dosage received, using the Brief Pain Inventory Scale and the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale, respectively, during prespecified time periods. The prespecified time periods were 2 weeks after onset of acute illness (eg, urinary tract infection), and 2 weeks after hospital admission and nursing home readmission, if they occurred. Opioid dosing was recorded and a significant interruption was defined as a complete discontinuation or a reduction in dose of >50% for ≥1 day. The covariates age, sex, race, comorbid conditions, initial opioid dose, and initial pain level were recorded. Symptoms pre- and post-opioid interruptions were compared and contrasted with those in a group without opioid interruptions. Findings Sixty-six patients receiving opioids were followed for a mean of 10.9 months and experienced a total of 104 acute illnesses. During 64 (62%) illnesses, patients experienced any reduction in opioid dosing, with a mean (SD) dose reduction of 63.9% (29.9%). During 39 (38%) illnesses, patients experienced a significant opioid interruption. In a multivariable model, residence at 1 of the 3 nursing homes was associated with a lower risk of interruption (odds ratio=0.073; 95% CI, 0.009 to 0.597; P P = 0.08). In particular, patients who received the highest quartile of opioid dose before interruption experienced increases in pain scores over time that were 0.22 points per day larger (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.41; P = 0.03) than those without interruption. Withdrawal scores were not associated with opioid interruption regardless of dose before interruption. Implications Nursing home patients often experience interruptions in opioid dosing, which can be associated with worse pain, but not withdrawal symptoms, during acute illnesses. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risks and effects of opioid interruptions during acute illnesses in this patient group.
PASS Middleware for Distributed and Autonomous XML Message Processing

Basic message processing tasks, such as well-formedness checking and grammar validation, can be off-loaded from the service providers' own infrastructures. To enable effective off-loading of processing tasks, we introduce the Prefix Automata SyStem - PASS, a middleware architecture which distributively processes XML payloads of Web service SOAP messages during their routing towards Web servers. PASS is based on a network of automata, where PASS-nodes independently but cooperatively process parts of the SOAP message XML payload.
Recent progress in the development of coumarin derivatives as potent anti‐HIV agents

Numerous plant-derived compounds have been evaluated for inhibitory effects against HIV replication, and some coumarins have been found to inhibit different stages in the HIV replication cycle. This review article describes recent progress in the discovery, structure modification, and structure-activity relationship studies of potent anti-HIV coumarin derivatives. A dicamphanoyl-khellactone (DCK) analog, which was discovered and developed in our laboratory, and calanolide A are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials, respectively.
The distribution of substance P in turtle nervous system: a radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical study.

The distribution of a substance P-like material in turtle brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and retina was determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunohistochemistry. High levels of a substance P-like material were found in turtle neural tissue, particularly in basal telencephalon, hypothalamus, and tegmentum. In many regions, the concentration of a substance P-like material in turtle nervous tissue was found to be similar, in a region-to-region comparison, to that previously reported for birds and mammals, particularly for the more "phylogenetically conservative" parts of the nervous system (such as the basal ganglia, tegmentum, and hypothalamus). The slopes of substance P RIA dose-response curves for tissue extracts from nearly all regions of the turtle nervous system examined were parallel to a standard dose-response curve for synthetic substance P (SP). The immunohistochemical results, with anti-substance P antisera from guinea pig or rabbit, or with a monoclonal antibody, were consistent with the RIA data. Regions showing high concentration of an SP-like material by RIA were observed to contain numerous neurons and/or fibers containing an SP-like material. The immunohistochemical results provide evidence for the presence in turtle of numerous SP-containing pathways, several of which (e.g., an SP-containing strionigral pathway, an SP-containing striopallidal pathway and an SP-containing dorsal root ganglia-spinal dorsal horn pathway), have been described in birds and mammals. The present results thus suggest that the neuropeptide SP has had a largely stable evolutionary history as a transmitter or modulatory agent during amniote brain evolution.
Studies on soluble and mitochondrial tyrosine aminotransferase: evidence for a physical change in the cytosol enzyme during induction.

Abstract Tyrosine aminotransferase acts on tyrosine or monoiodotyrosine (MIT) as substrate. The ratio of the initial velocities for the reactions with tyrosine and monoiodotyrosine has been measured under various conditions in vivo . When the enzyme is induced by cortisol, this ratio increases due to the reduction of the relative rate of MIT transamination. In contrast, purification of the cytosol enzyme decreases the tyrosine:MIT ratio. The mitochondrial enzyme, by its utilization of oxaloacetate as amino acceptor and its selective inhibition by aspartate, can be distinguished from the cytosol enzyme. Since the mitochondrial enzyme is not responsible for the change in ratio of activities with the two substrates, induction in vivo may involve the formation of physical conformers of the cytosol tyrosine aminotransferase.
Pipelining/Overlapping Data Transfer for Distributed Data-Intensive Job Execution

Scientific workflows are increasingly gaining attention as both data and compute resources are getting bigger, heterogeneous, and distributed. Many scientific workflows are both compute intensive and data intensive and use distributed resources. This situation poses significant challenges in terms of real-time remote analysis and dissemination of massive datasets to scientists across the community. These challenges will be exacerbated in the exascale era. Parallel jobs in scientific workflows are common, and such parallelism can be exploited by scheduling parallel jobs among multiple execution sites for enhanced performance. Previous scheduling algorithms such as heterogeneous earliest finish time (HEFT) did not focus on scheduling thousands of jobs often seen in contemporary applications. Some techniques, such as task clustering, have been proposed to reduce the overhead of scheduling a large number of jobs. However, scheduling massively parallel jobs in distributed environments poses new challenges as data movement becomes a nontrivial factor. We propose efficient parallel execution models through pipelined execution of data transfer, incorporating network bandwidth and reserved resources at an execution site. We formally analyze those models and suggest the best model with the optimal degree of parallelism. We implement our model in the Swift parallel scripting paradigm using GridFTP. Experiments on real distributed computing resources show that our model with optimal degrees of parallelism outperform the current parallel execution model by as much as 50% reduction of total execution time.
Characterization of a divergent glycosomal microbody phosphoglycerate kinase from Trypanosoma brucei.

Abstract There are 3 loci in the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene complex of Trypanosoma brucei . The PGK-A gene product, which we term 56PGK, is targeted to glycosomal microbodies and is highly homologous to the parasite's 2 known PGKs (one cytoplasmic and one glycosomal). However, 56PGK contains an 80 amino acid insertion as well as numerous substitutions compared to the other PGKs. The complementation and kinetic analyses described here demonstrate that 56PGK is an authentic phosphoglycerate kinase - the largest yet described. When expressed in Escherichia coli , 56PGK complements the pgk − phenotype. 56PGK was expressed as a fusion protein and purified to near homogeneity. The Michaelis constants are similar to those of other PGKs, being 0.12 and 2.4 mM for Mg-ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate, respectively. As with other T. brucei PGKs, ATP but not GTP or ITP can serve as a phosphate donor during catalysis. No evidence was obtained for phosphate transfer to atypical substrates. 56PGK shows sulfate inhibition at all concentrations tested, rather than the sulfate activation observed with yeast PGK.
Imaging the pharmacokinetics of [F-18]FAU in patients with tumors: PET studies.

Purpose: FAU (1-(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl) uracil) can be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase, methylated by thymidylate synthase, followed by DNA incorporation and thus functions as a DNA synthesis inhibitor. This first-in-human study of [F-18]FAU was conducted in cancer patients to determine its suitability for imaging and also to understand its pharmacokinetics as a potential antineoplastic agent. Methods: Six patients with colorectal (n=3) or breast cancer (n=3) were imaged with [F-18]FAU. Serial blood and urine samples were analyzed using HPLC to determine the clearance and metabolites. Results: Imaging showed that [F-18]FAU was concentrated in breast tumors and a lymph node metastasis (tumor-to-normal-breast-tissue-ratio 3.7–4.7). FAU retention in breast tumors was significantly higher than in normal breast tissues at 60 min and retained in tumor over 2.5 h post-injection. FAU was not retained above background in colorectal tumors. Increased activity was seen in the kidney and urinary bladder due to excretion. Decreased activity was seen in the bone marrow with a mean SUV 0.6. Over 95% of activity in the blood and urine was present as intact [F-18]FAU at the end of the study. Conclusions: Increased [F-18]FAU retention was shown in the breast tumors but not in colorectal tumors. The increased retention of FAU in the breast compared to bone marrow indicates that FAU may be useful as an unlabeled antineoplastic agent. The low retention in the marrow indicates that unlabeled FAU might lead to little marrow toxicity; however, the images were not of high contrast to consider FAU for diagnostic clinical imaging.
Charged particle mass identification

Abstract A time-of-flight particle identification technique has been developed and applied for charged particles in the range from mass 1 to mass 9, and from 0.5 MeV to 10 MeV. The technique has the advantage of wide dynamic range and also affords a significant reduction in the background of random coincidences.
Chromocenters and proliferation of Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virgiana—A correlation

The chromocenter/regeneration hypothesis states that the processes of regeneration, rapid growth and development vis-a-vis species colonization of an environment and invasiveness are under the control of nuclear chromocenters. Previous work in our lab had shown that there is a positive correlation between the potential for rapid growth and colonization, as well as the potential for regeneration linked to cellular content of nuclear chromocenters. The Eastern Red Cedar tree, Juniperus virgiana, is a highly proliferating often referred to as an invasive species. The occurrence of large invasive populations of this species in many regions of the United States and Canada in pure or mixed stands prompted us to test the validity of the correlation with the chromocenter / regeneration hypothesis. Presence of chromocenters was examined in the root-tip cells stained with Giemsa and aceto-orcein. As expected, the cells were found to contain numerous chromocenters, thus providing added support to the hypothesis.
Counter-ion induced processibility of conducting polymers: 1. Acid-assisted oxidative doping and solubilization

Abstract In this paper a new mechanism is introduced for chemical redox doping of conjugated polymers. The redox reaction involves a protonic acid–base reaction in situ generating a functionalized counter-ion, yielding solubility of the doped polymer. The mechanism is experimentally verified using both poly( p -phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) and polythiophenes (PTs) as model systems. No precipitation of dissolved doped polymer is observed, while evaporation of the solvent yields conductivities of 10 −3 S cm −1 .
NMR Diffusion, Relaxation, and Spectroscopic Studies of Water Soluble, Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoclusters†

NMR spectroscopy and computer modeling were used to characterize tiopronin monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs). These MPCs contain gold cores with a distribution of radii ranging from 0.4 to 2.6 nm. NOESY and HMQC spectra yielded assignments for all NMR sensitive nuclei in the tiopronin ligands. DOSY and T2 experiments provided information about the particle size distribution as a function of proton frequency shift. Further information was obtained from hole-burning and amide-exchange experiments. The spectroscopic data reveal two classes of ligands, a network of hydrogen bonds, and considerable inhomogeneous and homogeneous line broadening. The methyl and methine protons clearly exhibit two components with separations that decrease strongly with the number of bonds separating the proton from the gold core. Spin−echo experiments clearly show that a range of T2 values is associated with each resonance frequency in both the upfield and downfield components for each type of proton but that the most prob...
Behavioural and morphological asymmetries in hindlimbs of Hoplodactylus duvaucelii (Lacertilia: Gekkonomorpha: Gekkota: Diplodactylinae)

This study reports an association of behavioural and morphological directional asymmetries at the level of individual lizards. I counted all subdigital lamellae (scales) under the toes of 57 Hoplodactylus duvaucelii on North Brother Island, New Zealand. Geckos released first from the substrate the hindlimb that had fewer subdigital lamellae than the other hindlimb. Analyses of data from the literature show that in geckos, clinging ability increases with the number of subdigital lamellae, especially after variation in body mass is accounted for. Assuming that grasping (an active process) and clinging (a passive process) abilities are correlated, the association of behavioural and morphological asymmetry among individuals could be interpreted in functional terms: geckos lift first from the substrate the hindlimb that has the lowest ability to stick to the substrate.
Improved bandwidth approximation for trees

A linear arrangement of an n-vertex graph G = (V, E) is a one-one mapping f of the vertex set V onto the set In] = {0, 1 , . . . , n 1}. The bandwidth of this linear arrangement is the maximum distance between the images of the endpoints of any edge in E(G). When the input graph G is a tree, the best known approximation algorithm for the minimum bandwidth linear arrangement (which is based on the principle of volume respecting embeddings) outputs a linear arrangement which has bandwidth within O(log 3 n) of the optimal bandwidth. In this paper, we present a simple randomized O(log 2 n lov~-n)-approximation algorithm for bandwidth minimization on trees.
A Nonlinear Lattice for High-Amplitude Picosecond Pulse Generation in CMOS

In this paper, we study an electrical nonlinear medium consisting of voltage-dependent capacitors and inductors to generate sharp pulses from a lower frequency sinusoid. First, we analyze the optimum conditions for maximum harmonic generation in a uniform nonlinear line. Next, we extend the nonlinear line to a two-dimensional nonlinear lattice that is compatible with CMOS technology. Compared with the nonlinear line, the lattice relies on spatial power combining, higher cut-off frequency, and nonlinear wave interaction to enhance the pulse amplitude and sharpness. To show the feasibility of this method, we implement the first CMOS nonlinear lattice in a 0.13-μm CMOS process, and successfully demonstrate 2.7-Vpp, 6.3-ps pulses from a 22-GHz input signal.
Nonphotochemical hole burning spectroscopy of a mitochondrial selective rhodamine dye molecule in normal and cancerous ovarian surface epithelial cells

Abstract Results are presented of nonphotochemical hole burning experiments on the mitochondrial dye rhodamine 800 (MitoFluor Far Red 680, Molecular Probes) incubated with two human ovarian surface epithelial cell lines: OSE(tsT)-14 normal cells and OV167 carcinoma (cancer) cells. This dye is believed to be selective for the plasma and inner membranes of the mitochondria. Importantly, the dispersive (distributed) growth kinetics of zero-phonon holes were found to be significantly different with the OV167 line exhibiting the higher burn efficiency. This may reflect greater structural heterogeneity of that line. Equally interesting is that the permanent dipole moment change (Δ μ ) for the S 0 →S 1 transition of the dye is markedly different for the two cell lines, the Δ μ value for the carcinoma cell line being a factor of 1.5 higher. Discussion of this finding in terms of membrane potentials is given.
Temperature Dependence of YIG Magnetization

The temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization, 4πM, has been measured for pure, polished YIG spheres in the temperature range from 4–50°K. The technique used involved measuring the magnetic field separation of the 210 and 220 magnetostatic modes as a function of temperature. The mode spacing is equal simply to 4πM/5. This method offers a high degree of precision since the linewidths are less than 1 gauss and the separation of the two modes is the order of 500 gauss. Data were taken for several samples and with the external magnetic field oriented in both the [100] and [111] directions. The experimental results have been fitted to the theoretical expression of Dyson. Only the first-order correction term to Bloch’s equation was necessary, the result being $$M = M_0 \left( {1 - 8.19 \times 10^{ - 6} T^{\frac{3} {2}} - 1.03 \times 10^{ - 7} T^{\frac{5} {2}} } \right).$$
On the Correct Application of the 100-40-40 Rule for Combining Responses Due to Three Directions of Earthquake Loading

The 100-40-40 rule is often used with the response spectrum analysis method to determine the maximum seismic responses from structural responses resulting from the three spatial earthquake components. This rule has been referenced in several recent Design Certification applications of nuclear power plants, and appears to be gaining in popularity. However, this rule is described differently in ASCE 4-98 and Regulatory Guide 1.92, consequently causing confusion on correct implementation of this rule in practice. The square root of the sum of the squares method is another acceptable spatial combination method and was used to justify the adequacy of the 100-40-40 rule during the development of the Regulatory Guide 1.92. The 100-40-40 rule, when applied correctly, is almost always conservative compared to the SRSS method, and is only slightly unconservative in rare cases. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the proper application of the 100-40-40 rule, as prescribed in ASCE 4-98 and in Regulatory Guide 1.92, and to clarify the confusion caused by the two different formats of this rule.
Photochemically promoted regiospecific P–C bond cleavage in the diruthenium compound Ru2(CO)2(bmf): X-ray diffraction structure of Ru2(CO)6[μ-C=C(PPh2)C(O)OCH(OMe)](μ-PPh2)

The ruthenium cluster Ru3(CO)12 reacts with the diphosphine ligand 3,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-5-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone (bmf) in refluxing toluene to furnish the donor–acceptor compound Ru2(CO)2(bmf) as a 1 : 1 mixture of diastereomers. Photolysis of Ru2(CO)2(bmf) using 366 nm light leads to the oxidative cleavage of a P–C bond and formation of the phosphido-bridged complex Ru2(CO)6[μ-C=C(PPh2)C(O)OCH(OMe)](μ-PPh2). The regioselective Ph2P–C(furanone ring) bond activation attendant upon optical excitation is traced to the phosphine group that was β to the furanone carbonyl group, as established by X-ray analysis of one of the diastereomers of Ru2(CO)6[μ-C=C(PPh2)C(O)OCH(OMe)](μ-PPh2). Both diruthenium products have been fully characterized in solution by IR and NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopies and elemental analyses. The observed regioselectivity associated with the P–C bond activation in Ru2(CO)2(bmf) is discussed with respect to the chemistry of other bmf-substituted compounds prepared by our groups.
Time-dependent response of a two-level system with degenerate levels to coherent radiation

Abstract The time-dependent solutions of the Bloch equations describing the response of a system with two rotationally degenerate manifolds {jm} and {j'm'} to coherent radiation close to resonance are considered. Two new phenomena are predicted. The possible applications to measuring relaxation rates in realistic systems are briefly discussed.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of color doppler flow convergence regions and regurgitant jets: An in vitro quantitative study

Objectives. This study sought to investigate the applicability of a current implementation of a three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction method for color Doppler flow convergence and regurgitant jet imaging. Background. Evaluation of regurgitant flow events, such as flow convergences or regurgitant jets, using two-dimensional imaging ultrasound color flow Doppler systems may not be robust enough to characterize these spatially complex events. Methods. We studied two in vitro models using steady flow to optimize results. In the first constant-flow model, two different orifices were each mounted to produce flow convergences and free jets—a circular orifice and a rectangular orifice with orifice area of 0.24 cm^2. In another flow model, steady flows through a circular orifice were directed toward a curved surrounding wall to produce wall adherent jets. Video composite data of color Doppler flow images from both free jet and wall jet models were reconstructed and analyzed after computer-controlled 180° rotational acquisition using a TomTec computer. Results. For the free jet model there was an excellent relation between actual flow rates and three-dimensional regurgitant jet volumes for both circular and rectangular orifices (r = 0.99 and r = 0.98, respectively). However, the rectangular orifice produced larger jet volumes than the circular orifice, even at the same flow rates (p < 0.0001). Calculated flow rates by the hemispheric model using one axial measurement of the flow convergence isovelocity surface from two-dimensional color flow images under-estimated actual flow rate by 35% for the circular orifice and by 44% for the rectangular orifice, whereas a hemielliptic method implemented using three axial measurements of the flow convergence zone derived using three-dimensional reconstruction correlated well with and underestimated actual flow rate to a lesser degree (22% for the circular orifice, 32% for the rectangular orifice). In the wall jet model, the jets were flattened against and spread along the wall and had reduced regurgitant jet volumes compared with free jets (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Three-dimensional reconstruction of flow imaged by color Doppler may add quantitative spatial information to aid computation methods that have been used for evaluating valvular regurgitation, especially where they relate to complex geometric flow events.
The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey.

Physical dependence on ethanol was produced in four rhesus monkeys by IV ethanol administration every 8 h. Ethanol was administered on each occasion until the eyeblink reflex was lost. Evidence of physical dependence development, in the form of tremoring 8 h after an infusion, appeared on day 8 of chronic administration. Abrupt cessation of ethanol administration following 16 days of chronic administration was accompanied by moderate to severe tremoring, retching, vomiting, and one or more convulsions. Peak withdrawal occurred between 12 and 32 h after abrupt discontinuation of ethanol administration, and decreased over a period of 64–204 h. Ethanol dependence was then reinstated. Once every 3–4 days, ethanol was withheld for 16 h. Withdrawal signs were scored for the first 12 h of this period, and then a test dose of ethanol, phenobarbital, or baclofen was administered. Withdrawal or intoxication signs were scored over the next 4 h, at which time ethanol administration was resumed. Both ethanol and phenobarbital suppressed ethanol withdrawal sign in a dose-related manner, and produced dose-related intoxication. Baclofen was largely ineffective in reducing withdrawal-induced tremors, although it was capable of producing sedation of a different type than that produced by phenobarbital and ethanol.
Non-darcian flow, heat and mass transfer in catalytic packed-bed reactors

Abstract Traditional models of transport in packed beds assume that the velocity across the reactor is uniform, even along the solid surfaces. Because of the velocity-slip assumption, corresponding convection studies for inert beds rely on a temperature-slip boundary condition to predict experimental data. For reacting beds, the transport process is more complex; however, the analysis is simplified using the temperature-slip heat transfer coefficients determined under non-reacting conditions. Since the heat transfer rates differ between reacting and inert beds, considerable discrepancies often exist between predicted results and experimental measurements. Furthermore, using the boundary conditions from inert beds precludes the determination of the actual wall heat transfer for catalytic reactions. The present non-Darcian analysis assumes a porosity variation near the wall and solves the governing momentum equation satisfying that noslip boundary condition. The corresponding heat transfer solutions use the wall-temperature boundary condition and hence can predict cooling rates when chemical reactions are included. The analysis yields results that agree with existing experimental data.
Computer-generated holograms for optical data processing

A selection of some of the optical data processing applications of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) is presented.
Intermolecular Interactions between a Monomolecular Hydroxyl-Terminated Perfluoropolyether Film and the Sputtered SiNx Surface

The intermolecular interactions at the interface between a monomolecular hydroxyl-terminated perfluoropolyether (PFPE) liquid and an amorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) film were investigated using contact angle goniometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the surface of the sputtered SiNx film is highly oxidized (SiO2) and contain hydroxyl groups (SiOH) that are capable of attractive interactions with the hydroxyl end groups of the PFPE. The attractive interactions lead to a lowering of the polar surface energy with increasing PFPE coverage up to a monolayer. Ab initio quantum chemical computations on model dimers provide the energetic details associated with the PFPE/surface interactions. The primary source of the attractive, adhesive interactions in the PFPE/SiNx system stems from hydrogen bonding between the PFPE and SiNx hydroxyl groups. The binding energy is computed to be approximately −4 kcal/mol. Both the SiNx surface nitroge...
Deformation of the Pneumatic Tire

Abstract A finite element model is presented for analysis of axisymmetric static loadings of a bias ply pneumatic tire. The model can predict deformed shapes and the resulting cord forces in the tire. The tire is considered as a thin shell of revolution with membrane and bending stiffness. Its material properties are assumed to be linearly orthotropic. Large axisymmetric deformations studied with the proposed model gave very close approximations to the actual situation. The predicted cord forces matched the experimental values very closely.
An evaluation of the Münch hypothesis for phloem transport in soybean.

An evaluation was made of the extent which a Munch-type pressure flow mechanism (i.e., osmotically-generated pressure flow) might contribute to phloem transport in soybean. Estimates of sucrose concentrations in source (leaf) and sink (root) sieve tubes were obtained by a negativestaining procedure. Water potential measurements of the leaf and of the nutrient solution allowed calculation of the turgor pressures in source and sink sieve tubes. The turgor difference between source and sink sieve tubes was compared to that required to drive translocation at the observed velocity between the source and sink, as measured by [14C] photosynthate movement. Sieve-tube conductivity was calculated from the sieve-tube dimensions, assuming an essentially unobstructed pathway. In three experiments, the sucrose concentration was consistently higher in source sieve tubes (an average of 11.5%) than in sink sieve tubes (an average of 5.3%). The ratio of these values (2.3:1) agreed reasonably well with an earlier ratio for source/sink sieve tube concentrations of 1.8:1, obtained by quantitative microautoradiography. The resulting calculated turgor difference (an average of 4.1 bars) was adequate to drive a pressure flow mechanism at the observed translocation velocities (calculated to require a turgor difference of 1.2 to 4.6 bars). No other force need be presumed to be involved.
Aspects of 3D chemical oxygen-iodine laser simulation

Theoretical models for the chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) depend on a variety of assumptions and empirical data to provide closure and simplify solution of the governing equations. Among the various assumptions and empirical data built into models for COIL are assumptions regarding steadiness in the time domain and which kinetic processes are significant in addition to the measured values for the rates at which the kinetic processes occur. The work discussed here is directed toward elucidating and increasing the understanding of the assumptions underlying COIL models and the implications for the modeled physical processes underlying the COIL, driven by current directions in the development of this technology. This is directly linked to efforts to achieve improved COIL efficiencies and performance, since excursions well outside traditional operational parameter space are necessary. As such excursions are made, the distance from the traditional parameter space where COIL models have been baselined and validated becomes much greater, increasing the importance for understanding the factors that influence the accuracy of the simulations. In this role of increasing the level of understanding regarding the limits to the accuracy of COIL models, these simulations provide information important to current work investigating configurations and operating conditions well outside of the traditional parameter space.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Kinetic study of the reactions of Cl and Br with H2O2

The reactions of Cl and Br atoms with H2O2 have been studied in the range of 300–350 K using the very-low-pressure-reactor technique. It was found that metathesis to produce HX and HO2 is the only significant process (≤99%). For the reaction of Br k2 (300 K) = 1.3 ± 0.45 × 10−14 and k2 (350 K) = 3.75 ± 1.1 × 10−14 cm3/molecules·s, with an activation energy of 4.6 ± 0.7 kcal/mol. Using an estimated A factor for A2, we find suggesting that a best choice is E2 = 3.9 ± 0.4 kcal/mol. The relation of these values to ΔH (HO2) is discussed.
Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on heavy chain monoclonal antibody production from plant cell culture

The addition of 4% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) increased the total production of heavy chain monoclonal antibody (HC MAb) in suspension culture of genetically modified Nicotiana tabacum by three fold. This may be due to stabilization of HC MAb in the presence of DMSO by forming hydrogen bonds with proton-donor groups on protein molecules.
Cross-Study Homogeneity of Psoriasis Gene Expression in Skin across a Large Expression Range

Background In psoriasis, only limited overlap between sets of genes identified as differentially expressed (psoriatic lesional vs. psoriatic non-lesional) was found using statistical and fold-change cut-offs. To provide a framework for utilizing prior psoriasis data sets we sought to understand the consistency of those sets. Methodology/Principal Findings Microarray expression profiling and qRT-PCR were used to characterize gene expression in PP and PN skin from psoriasis patients. cDNA (three new data sets) and cRNA hybridization (four existing data sets) data were compared using a common analysis pipeline. Agreement between data sets was assessed using varying qualitative and quantitative cut-offs to generate a DEG list in a source data set and then using other data sets to validate the list. Concordance increased from 67% across all probe sets to over 99% across more than 10,000 probe sets when statistical filters were employed. The fold-change behavior of individual genes tended to be consistent across the multiple data sets. We found that genes with 10-fold changes in either direction such as CHRM3, IL12B and IFNG. Conclusions/Significance Gene expression changes in psoriatic lesions were consistent across different studies, despite differences in patient selection, sample handling, and microarray platforms but between-study comparisons showed stronger agreement within than between platforms. We could use cut-offs as low as log10(ratio) = 0.1 (fold-change = 1.26), generating larger gene lists that validate on independent data sets. The reproducibility of PP signatures across data sets suggests that different sample sets can be productively compared.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: a historical review of surgical therapy.

This article is based upon a presentation prepared for a symposium given to honor the memory and legacy of David B. Skinner, M.D., who was a leader in developing general thoracic surgery as a credible and meaningful clinical subspecialty. He made particular contributions to the advancement of esophageal surgery in general and GERD in particular. Many of these contributions are specifically discussed in the body of this article.
Detecting vanishing dimensions via primordial gravitational wave astronomy.

Lower dimensionality at higher energies has manifold theoretical advantages as recently pointed out by Anchordoqui et al. [arXiv:1003.5914]. Moreover, it appears that experimental evidence may already exist for it: A statistically significant planar alignment of events with energies higher than TeV has been observed in some earlier cosmic ray experiments. We propose a robust and independent test for this new paradigm. Since ($2+1$)-dimensional spacetimes have no gravitational degrees of freedom, gravity waves cannot be produced in that epoch. This places a universal maximum frequency at which primordial waves can propagate, marked by the transition between dimensions. We show that this cutoff frequency may be accessible to future gravitational wave detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna.
Narrating the Memories of Ermeni Mezalimi

In the last one hundred years, Western scholars have assembled a deep and varied record documenting Turkish violence aimed at Armenians. This record has prompted some Western scholars and politicians to characterize the World War I deportation of and attacks on Armenians as genocidal. In contrast, narratives preserved by families and in local culture that focus on violent acts committed by Armenians against Muslims (known as Ermeni mezalimi) generally have been ignored. Muslims in Anatolia tell these stories not only because they unite them against their perceived common enemies, but also because they find comfort in stories that emphasize the similarities of their experiences. Their identity as Muslims, so essential to their lives, is articulated in tales of the Ermeni mezalimi. Storytellers use traditional symbolism and other folkloric techniques to delineate problematic past interactions between Muslims and their Christian Armenian neighbors. To guide the audience on this emotional journey, the storyte...