cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Androgen Receptor-mTOR Crosstalk is Regulated by Testosterone Availability: Implication for Prostate Cancer Cell Survival

Background: Signaling between androgen receptor (AR) and mTOR may be crucial for prostate cancer cells to endure the low androgen and suboptimal nutrient conditions produced by androgen deprivation therapy. Materials and Methods: AR and mTOR cross-talk was examined in LNCaP cells exposed to either high or low testosterone. AR and mTOR activities were modified separately using either siRNA knockdown or specific chemical inhibitor. The biological significance of the reciprocal communication was assessed by susceptibility to glucose deprivation-induced cell death. Results: AR positively regulated mTOR activity in both low and high testosterone levels. TSC1 and TSC2, the two negative regulators of mTOR, may be involved since both were up-regulated by AR knockdown. Sub-baseline mTOR increased AR protein levels. However, this effect only occurred with low testosterone. More cells underwent apoptosis if AR function was inhibited during glucose deprivation, which significantly depressed mTOR activity. Conclusion: The compensatory increase of AR function due to a repressed mTOR signal is advantageous for survival. Disrupting this loop at the time of initiation of androgen deprivation therapy may delay, or even prevent, the recurrence of prostate cancer.
Speculations on the Idea of 'Speculation' in Trust Investing: An Essay

Trustees have always been constrained investors. They were and are constrained by the terms of the trust instrument, the default law of trustee investing, the public policy restraints on trustee investments, and the idea that a beneficiary's best protection against agency costs is limited trustee powers. In the mid-1980s, the probate reform establishment took on the job of reforming trust investment law. This effort led to the promulgation of the Restatement (Third) of Trusts (Prudent Investor) in 1992 and the Uniform Prudent Investor Act in 1994. Prior to this reform, trustees were under a duty not to speculate. If a trustee speculated, liability was automatic. Although the concept of speculation has been banished from the post-1992 law, speculation remains a lively idea in the financial press, economics literature, and popular culture. Moreover, even though the law no longer holds trustees liable for the particular act of speculating, many trustee investing acts are actionable and others are suspect but not necessarily actionable. To one degree or another, what used to be called speculation will still lead to liability. A trustee's foolish investment that does not measure risk properly will still be actionable. This Article briefly describes the history of speculation, the reform process embracing modern investing theories, and the treatment of speculation under the reforms. The author analyzes the gains and losses from the banishment of speculation, seeks to analyze the essence of the concept, or concepts, of speculation, and speculates about what may be next. The author seeks to understand the costs and the benefits of abandoning speculation as a tool for regulating trustee investing and to identify, in particular, investing sins that are likely to be per se violations of modern law and investing symptoms that suggest that something may be amiss in the fiduciary's investment plan.
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease

One third of human life is spent in sleep. Physiology of different systems in the body works under a different mode of central nervous system operation in sleep than in awake. Normal physiologic sleep consists of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which alternates within sleep cycles of about 90 minutes in length. Hemodynamic mechanisms change throughout these cycles of sleep due to various metabolic, endocrine, vascular and autonomic changes.
From Fetus to Neonate: A Sensational Journey☆

Abstract The transition from fetus to neonate is a period marked by intense changes – physiologic, anatomic, and biochemical. Some of these changes must occur immediately while others can evolve over a more protracted time span. However, failure of some vital changes to ensue has resulted in negative, sometimes fatal consequences. Of all the facets of transition to extrauterine life the most immediately vital changes occur in the cardiorespiratory system. This article presents a review of information necessary to understand the transition from fetal to neonatal life: fetal circulation, the pulmonary vascular bed, transition from fetal to neonatal circulation, stages of transition, and the cycle of events that occur when transition is disrupted.
Mitchochondrial replacement therapy: the IOM report and its aftermath.

Glenn Cohen and Eli Adashi comment on the recommendations and limitations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on mitochondrial replacement therapies in light of recent legislative changes in the United States.
Receding Horizon Control for MAVs with Vision-Based State and Obstacle Estimation

This paper discusses a vision-based receding horizon control algorithm for enabling a micro air vehicle to fly autonomously through an urban environment. A vision-based geometry estimation algorithm is used to provide obstacle avoidance constraints on permissible MAV trajectories. A feature point tracker is used to track points in the images collected by an onboard camera. The three-dimensional positions of these points (i.e., the structure of the scene) are calculated using epipolar geometry. A mathematical learning algorithm is used to generate an adaptive obstacle map from the collection of measured points in the environment. State estimation is an important element of the closed-loop system since it is needed for the calculation of the scene structure and for the receding horizon control. Vision-based state estimation is briefly discussed in this paper. Simulation results are presented for a MAV flight through a virtual environment under the assumption of perfect state estimation. In these simulations, the MAV is able to detect obstacles in its path and fly safely to a goal location. The incorporation of vision-based state estimation into the closed-loop system will be considered in a future paper.
Rate dispersion in the biexciton decay of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles from multiple population-period transient spectroscopy.

Measurements of biexciton decays in semiconductor nanoparticles are easily contaminated by contributions from photoproducts or higher excitons. Theoretical work has shown that multiple population-p...
Methemoglobinemia from topical benzocaine

Acute cyanosis and methemoglobinemia developed following topical application and partial ingestion of benzocaine for esophagogastroduodenoscopy. A diagnosis of acute toxic methemoglobinemia should be considered when cyanosis, with or without neurologic symptoms, occurs following the use of local anesthetics in the absence of cardiopulmonary disease. Laboratory tests should include oxygen saturation and methemoglobin concentration. Management includes supplemental oxygen administration and intravenous methylene blue.
Research on Video Inspecting System based on OSD Chip in Laser Ranging

In this paper,we designed an adder system of adding laser range data to the video signal using the on-screen display chip μPD6450,and the system could inspect the target efficiently.The hardware system comprises the video input and output module,the separation of vertical synchronization signal and horizontal synchronization signal module,the character adding and the serial communication module.The software system consists of the initialization of MCU'serial port,setting the format and speed of transmission for received data,running the MCU'program interruption after receiving data,initialization of μPD6450,and adding the laser range data to the video signal.The adder system has the features with small cubage,low energy use,good real-time performance and high transmission speed,and has very great further in the real-time video inspecting field.
161 IS THE BREAKDOWN OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL PARACRINE SIGNALING THE CAUSE OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN SURFACTANT PROTEIN-C DEFICIENCY?

Background Absence of mature surfactant protein-C (SP-C) has been described in familial interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the mechanism of ILD associated with the deficiency of SP-C is not known. Objective To test the hypothesis that SP-C deficiency leads to disruption of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that have been previously shown by us to be essential in the maintenance of lung homeostasis (Torday et al, Pediatr Pathol Mol Med, 2003; 22:189-207). Methods Lungs from 129S6/SvEvTac (129/Sv) SP-C null mice that are known to develop ILD were analyzed for the key markers of alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions at two pathologically distinct, “early” (2 weeks) and “late” (5 months) stages of ILD. The specific markers of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions analyzed included the PTHrP receptor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipocyte differentiation related protein (ADRP), surfactant protein-B (SP-B), and α smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression, by RT-PCR, Western hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Results When compared to wild-type controls, the expression of all pro-homeostatic (PTHrP receptor, PPARγ, ADRP, and SP-B (range + 20 60%) alveolar markers increased significantly in early (n = 4, p Conclusions Our data clearly suggest an association of SP-C deficiency with disruption of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and provide a plausible mechanism for the pathogenesis of ILD in SP-C deficiency. However, to determine the specificity of SP-C deficiency for the disruption of PTHrP-driven epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, studies targeting specific molecular intermediates of this epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine loop are in progress.
Vascular Anatomy: How to Identify the Major Retroperitoneal Vessels

The anatomical relationships of retroperitoneal vessels and organs as seen from the stomach and duodenum with sector scan and linear array echoendoscopes are discussed. Methods to place and maneuver the echoendoscope in six standard, easily recognized positions and the withdrawn-wedged position are reviewed. From these positions, major retroperitoneal vessels can be investigated.
End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change.

The cause of the end-Cretaceous (KPg) mass extinction is still debated due to difficulty separating the influences of two closely timed potential causal events: eruption of the Deccan Traps volcanic province and impact of the Chicxulub meteorite. Here we combine published extinction patterns with a new clumped isotope temperature record from a hiatus-free, expanded KPg boundary section from Seymour Island, Antarctica. We document a 7.8±3.3 °C warming synchronous with the onset of Deccan Traps volcanism and a second, smaller warming at the time of meteorite impact. Local warming may have been amplified due to simultaneous disappearance of continental or sea ice. Intra-shell variability indicates a possible reduction in seasonality after Deccan eruptions began, continuing through the meteorite event. Species extinction at Seymour Island occurred in two pulses that coincide with the two observed warming events, directly linking the end-Cretaceous extinction at this site to both volcanic and meteorite events via climate change. The cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is still debated due to difficulties separating the influences of two closely-timed potential causal events (massive volcanism and meteorite impact). Here, the authors link the extinction to both kill mechanisms through a new paleotemperature record.
African American voices in Atlanta

Survey research in Atlanta suggests that the usual national generalizations about race and language need to be examined in the light of local evidence. The Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States preserves recordings of interviews with a number of African Americans from the 1970s, to set a historical baseline for the community. A contemporary random-sample study of African Americans in Atlanta showed that our speakers were highly variable in their vowel production. They not only did not match national generalizations, but appeared to have more of Labov's "Southern Shift" than the local non-African-American speakers who were supposed to be characterized by it. Only a minority of speakers show “mean” behavior for the whole set of vowels. Still, black/white speech relations in the Atlanta metro area create perceptions such that a child from a historic African American neighborhood in Roswell had to "learn how to talk hood" to fit in with children from the Atlanta public schools. And Atlanta, with its central place in the hip-hop community alongside New York and Los Angeles, maintains an identity on the national scene with roots in local speech. History and contemporary evidence combine to show that African American voices in Atlanta belong to a complex system in which speakers can be themselves in their neighborhoods, while at the same time they participate in historical and national trends.
Remarks on multi-fidelity surrogates

Different multi-fidelity surrogate (MFS) frameworks have been used for optimization or uncertainty quantification. This paper investigates differences between various MFS frameworks with the aid of examples including algebraic functions and a borehole example. These MFS include three Bayesian frameworks using 1) a model discrepancy function, 2) low fidelity model calibration and 3) a comprehensive approach combining both. Three counterparts in simple frameworks are also included, which have the same functional form but can be built with ready-made surrogates. The sensitivity of frameworks to the choice of design of experiments (DOE) is investigated by repeating calculations with 100 different DOEs. Computational cost savings and accuracy improvement over a single fidelity surrogate model are investigated as a function of the ratio of the sampling costs between low and high fidelity simulations. For the examples considered, MFS frameworks were found to be more useful for saving computational time rather than improving accuracy. For the Hartmann 6 function example, the maximum cost saving for the same accuracy was 86 %, while the maximum accuracy improvement for the same cost was 51 %. It was also found that DOE can substantially change the relative standing of different frameworks. The cross-validation error appears to be a reasonable candidate for estimating poor MFS frameworks for a specific problem but it does not perform well compared to choosing single fidelity surrogates.
Enhancement of 2D nonlinearity in an optomechanical cavity

Emerging two-dimensional materials exhibit interesting optical properties. Here, we will summarize some of our recent work on the integration of 2D materials such as graphene and MoS 2 with an electromechanical platform for achieving novel optical functionality for hybrid devices and sensors.
The Role of External Referrals in Hiring: Evidence from Judicial Law Clerks

We study the influence of external referrals in the hiring process by estimating a discrete choice hiring model that treats applicants as a differentiated products. We posit that referrals can provide better information about the same attributes of an applicant as a public signal, and hypothesize that referrals aid the hiring process by reducing the extent to which organizations need to rely on public signals. We find empirical support for our hypothesis in the context of Supreme Court law clerks using a rare data set that identifies all potential applicants and establishes ties between the hiring managers and applicants' referrals.
Constraining paleohydrologic change during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in the continental interior of North America

Abstract Quantifying the relationship between carbon cycle perturbations and the hydrologic cycle in the geologic past is crucial to accurately modeling how future anthropogenic carbon emissions and resulting radiative forcing might affect the hydrologic cycle. Interpreting changes in proxy records for insight into paleohydrologic change is complex, and documented records of paleohydrologic response to past global warming are rare. We use the relationship between two independent proxy records, the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen in n-alkanes and oxygen in tooth enamel of Coryphodon, to examine paleohydrologic change in the continental interior of North America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) hyperthermal ~ 56 Ma. The Coryphodon δ18O record allows us to infer shifts in surface water isotope values through time by applying an empirical relationship between tooth enamel and precipitation δ18O values. Precipitation δ18O values increase by ~ 4‰ during the PETM, but n-alkane hydrogen isotope ratios show no directional change during the PETM. We explore multiple hypotheses that could explain the differences between the isotope records, including a change in apparent fractionation as a result of plant community change, a shift in the slope of the local meteoric water line, a change in the season of rainfall, or a shift in the season of lipid production. We model the changes that would be required to reconcile the isotope records for each hypothesis and evaluate the likelihood of each of the scenarios. We posit that the most likely hypothesis for the observed differences between the isotope records is a change in either the season of rainfall or the season of lipid production during the PETM.
Multivariable Regression Model of the EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire in Patients Seeking Outpatient Low Vision Rehabilitation

ABSTRACTPurpose: To understand the source of between-person variance in baseline health utilities estimated from EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) responses of a representative sample of the US low vision outpatient population prior to rehabilitation.Methods: A prospective, observational study of 779 new low vision patients at 28 clinic centers in the US. The EQ-5D, Activity Inventory (AI), Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical functioning component, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were administered by telephone interview prior to rehabilitation. EQ-5D responses were transformed into health utilities, which served as the dependent variable in all analyses. Data were then analyzed to determine how much overall visual ability, functional domains of visual ability, and comorbidities (e.g. physical functioning, depression, cognition) independently contribute to the EQ-5D-based health utility index.Results: Multiva...
Characterization of Vitreous and Aqueous Proteome in Humans With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Clinical Correlation.

Aims: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is associated with microvascular complications that cause biochemical changes in the human retina and alter the proteome of vitreous humor and aqueous humor (AH). Methods: Human vitreous humor and AH of PDR subjects were collected. Subjects who had surgery for epiretinal membrane or macular hole served as controls. Protein profiles were obtained and analyzed after running the samples on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Results: In vitreous humor, 16 unique proteins were noted in PDR patients, but not in controls. Those were associated mainly with coagulation, complement, and kallikrein-kinin systems. Under coagulation, fibrinogen and prothrombin proteins were more evident and may emphasize the importance of angiogenesis in the development of PDR. Vitreous proteins showed replicative presence in AH too. As for AH samples, we detected 10 proteins found in PDR patients, which were related to transport, coagulation, and inflammatory responses. Conclusions: We found 57 proteins in human vitreous and 39 proteins in AH. Identification of these proteins that are involved in various pathways will be helpful to understand diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and to develop proteome as a biomarker for PDR.
Global Nonlinear H∞-Control via Output Feedback

Abstract Sufficient conditions are provided for the nonlinear H ∞ -control problem to have global solutions. The global H ∞ -controllers for a class of nonlinear systems have separation structures.
Have we pushed the needle for treatment of Type 1 diabetes

Studies with immunologics have shown that the natural history of Type 1 diabetes can be modified. These studies have targeted key mediators of the disease and recent analyses, together with studies in preclinical models have identified mechanisms that may be involved in the clinical effects. Several issues remain including specificity of the interventions, adverse effects of the treatments, and duration of their effects. Future studies are likely to include more specific approaches with agents such as cell therapies with selected immune regulatory subsets, antigen specific therapies, and combinations of agents with complementary mechanisms of activity.
Caustic Ingestions in Children

To discuss the new risks associated with caustic ingestion and increase awareness of the variation in clinical presentation, initial management, and long-term complications associated with ingestion of corrosives and button batteries. Improper storage of caustic materials continues to be a major risk for caustic ingestion. Symptomatic patients should undergo endoscopy for injury assessment and feeding tube placement. Corticosteroids may play a role in decreasing risk of stricture formation. Pod detergents are commonly ingested and need to be properly child proofed. There is a higher risk of morbidity and mortality associated with ingestion of larger lithium button batteries. Esophageal and gastric strictures are common and may require dilatation, esophageal stents, incisional therapy, and surgery. Improved education is needed to decrease the sequelae caused by ingestion of caustic substance and button batteries.
Metabolic syndrome marks early risk for cognitive decline with APOE4 gene variation: A case study.

A vast amount of research has been done on the APOE4 genetic marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its connection to metabolic processes associated with peripheral insulin resistance and cerebral glucose metabolism is still relatively unknown. The APOE4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease, particularly in individuals who have inherited two copies of the gene (Zhao et al., 2017). In this case study, a 38 year old male with metabolic syndrome (MetS), the APOE4 gene, early stage memory problems and a family history of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was placed on a ketogenic diet combined with high intensity interval training (HIIT) for 10 weeks. The primary intervention goal was reduce insulin defect, impaired cerebral and peripheral insulin signaling, associated with metabolic syndrome. Recent research demonstrates that insulin defect competes for space with APOE4 in brain cells, thus exacerbating amyloid pathology (Zhao et al., 2017). Primary biomarkers for metabolic syndrome were measured at baseline and after 10 weeks. The MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) was administered at baseline and after 10 weeks. The results were statistically significant. The HOMA-IR (homeostatic measure of insulin resistance) decreased by 59% from 4.3 to 1.8. The triglyceride/HDL ratio decreased by 77% from 14.7 to 3.4. Fasting triglycerides were reduced from 573 mg/dL to 167 mg/dL (71% reduction); VLDL decreased from 114.6 mg/dL to 33.4 mg/dL (71% decrease); and fasting insulin was reduced by 55% from 15.6 mU/L to 7.1 mU/L. The baseline MoCA score was 22/30; post treatment score was 30/30. If APOEE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's Disease, then implementing a ketogenic diet and high intensity exercise could essentially turn "off" the effects of this APOE4 gene earlier in life for prevention of future neurodegeneration.
Legitimized fraud and the state-corporate criminology of food - a Spectrum-based theory

The role that food corporations have in determining our health and nutrition is concomitant with the power and influence that corporations exercise across all commercial sectors. These large, powerful, and often multinational entities – collectively referred to as Big Food – employ a robust array of strategies to advance the organizational interests associated with a seemingly paradoxical business model: securing the continuous and ever-growing consumption of food products increasingly associated with negative health outcomes. As this model proliferates globally, the implications of this contradiction warrant specific attention to the activities of Big Food corporations through a critical criminological framework. The pervasive and increasingly legitimized activity of Big Food relies on a legal, regulatory, and moral framework that allows for the relegation of all non-market oriented value systems to be secondary to a pro-corporatist ideological and moral superstructure. Whereas previous scholarship has contributed to an understanding of what occurs when profit-maximization values collide with – and then co-opt – public health and nutrition interests, the present study offers a spectrum-based theory to explain how various degrees of food fraud are systematically incentivized by the legal privileges of corporations and the hegemonic moral economy of neoliberal governance.
The Allegory of the Iron Fist: Transnational Ecofeminism in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane

This article argues that Monica Ali makes extensive use of ecologically themed parallelism in her novel Brick Lane (2003). Ali uses this parallel structure to engage ecological, health, and social ...
Preterm birth disparities between states in the United States: an opportunity for public health interventions.

Objective: To examine associations between statelevel characteristics and state-level preterm birth rates.Study design: We conducted a retrospective ecological cross-sectional study using stateleve...
Pixelwise tissue segmentation for precise local in-vivo dose response assessment in patient-derived xenografts

Patient-specific dose response against chemotherapeutics can be assessed through local in situ release of drugs at sub-therapeutic concentrations. Such controlled release can be performed in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), which offer pre-clinical methods for mimicking the tumor microenvironment. However, the prolonged co-existence of intermingled human and mouse tissues poses a number of challenges for histological image analysis. Manual annotation of regions of human tissue is labor-intensive and lacks reproducibility and scalability, complicating the investigation of multiplexed local drug effects near drug-dispensing microdevices. To this end, we apply a random forest algorithm for segmenting histological images to obtain binary masks for refined image analysis. Region-of-interest masks obtained using this supervised learning approach allow for a spatially refined assessment of the dose response in heterogeneous tissue8. We achieved a Dice similarity coefficient score (DSC) of 0.56 with the random forest classifier.
In vivo kinematic analysis of patients with robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty during gait at 1-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND Suboptimal component positioning has been suggested as an important contributing factor to postoperative gait asymmetry. The aim of this study is to determine whether robotic arm-assisted THA better restores gait symmetry than freehand THA. METHODS Component orientation and positioning parameters and in vivo gait kinematics were quantified for implanted and native hips in 20 robotic arm-assisted and eight freehand THA patients, using a validated combined three-dimensional modeling technique. RESULTS Although neither THA procedure fully restored the native hip geometry, the robotic arm-assisted THA showed a better accuracy than freehand THA, with lower root mean square errors of component orientations. Gait asymmetry was not fully eliminated by either robotic arm-assisted or freehand THA, with increased internal rotation most notably observed in the implanted hip. CONCLUSION Improved accuracy in restoring native hip geometry achieved by the robotic arm-assisted THA procedure did not fully translate into improved gait symmetry.
Abstract 1960: Diffusion MR imaging detects differential progression of pathology in two mutant KRas mouse models of pancreatic neoplasia

A significant clinical need exists for understanding the early changes in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression and employing imaging of cellular and tissue phenotypes to detect neoplasia. We have investigated the development of early pathology in EL- Kras and p48-Cre/LSL- Kras (EK and KC, respectively) mice using diffusion MR imaging. These models express mutant Kras via different mechanisms yet recapitulate pancreatic precursor lesions seen in human PC. Our ex vivo investigation shows that diffusion MR imaging based only on endogenous contrast not only detects pre-neoplastic pathology in EK and KC mice, but also differentiates the progression of pathology in these mouse models. Fixed pancreata from EK and KC mice at 4M, 8M and 12M (n=4/group) were examined by diffusion imaging on a 14.1T MR microimager. Mean diffusivity was calculated for acinar lobules and lesions. Pancreata evaluated by MRI were processed for histology (HE 12M: 0.59x10 -3 mm 2 /s) indicating a later onset, but more advancing pathology. Changes in tissue diffusivity arise from a complex combination of cytological changes induced by pathology. Lower diffusivity in EK mice at 4M probably arises from higher levels of ADM (31.7%) compared to 4M KC mice (ADM 11.7%). Reduced diffusivity in KC mice at 8 and 12M most likely is related to elevated fibrosis in those mice (60.0-62.5%) which is relatively low in EK mice (13.3-18.3%). While diffusion MR images revealed the presence of fluid-filled cysts in both models, only KC mice showed lesions with much lower diffusivity (0.55-0.39x10 -3 mm 2 /s). Lower diffusivity indicates high cellularity in these neoplastic lesions which are likely mPanINs. Histology revealed that mPanINs which occupied 11.7-18.8% of the tissue in the KC mouse pancreas, are mostly absent in EK mice. Based on our imaging and histology results, MR-measured diffusivity might be a useful marker to assess the onset and progression of PanIN and cystic disease in PC. Citation Format: Palamadai N. Venkatasubramanian, Matthew Smith, Emman Mascrinas, Andrew Diaz, Karla Castellanos, Brian DeCant, Ron McKinney, Paul J. Grippo, Alice M. Wyrwicz. Diffusion MR imaging detects differential progression of pathology in two mutant KRas mouse models of pancreatic neoplasia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1960.
The emerging landscape of germline variants in urothelial carcinoma: implications for genetic testing

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder and upper tract (ureter, renal pelvis) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies. While the majority of UC are chemically induced by smoking, accumulating evidence from genetic studies have demonstrated a small, but consistent impact of heritable gene variants and family history of UC on the development of the disease. Beyond the established association between upper tract UC and germline mismatch DNA repair defects as a defining feature of Lynch syndrome, newer investigations focusing on moderate- and high-risk cancer-related gene variants in DNA damage repair and other signaling pathways are expanding our knowledge on the heritable genetic basis of UC, opening new avenues in the breadth of genetic testing and in clinical counseling of these patients. Overcoming existing challenges in the interpretation of uncertain findings and family cascade testing may help expand our testing approach and guidelines. Following the paradigm of other tumor types, such as breast and ovarian cancers, germline genetic testing, particularly when combined with somatic testing, has the potential to directly benefit affected UC patients and their families in the future through therapeutic targeting (i.e. with poly(ADP-ribose)) polymerase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors) and genetically informed screening/surveillance, respectively.
POLARIS: the distributed SQL engine in azure synapse

In this paper, we describe the Polaris distributed SQL query engine in Azure Synapse. It is the result of a multi-year project to re-architect the query processing framework in the SQL DW parallel data warehouse service, and addresses two main goals: (i) converge data warehousing and big data workloads, and (ii) separate compute and state for cloud-native execution.From a customer perspective, these goals translate into many useful features, including the ability to resize live workloads, deliver predictable performance at scale, and to efficiently handle both relational and unstructured data. Achieving these goals required many innovations, including a novel "cell" data abstraction, and flexible, fine-grained, task monitoring and scheduling capable of handling partial query restarts and PB-scale execution. Most importantly, while we develop a completely new scale-out framework, it is fully compatible with T-SQL and leverages decades of investment in the SQL Server single-node runtime and query optimizer. The scalability of the system is highlighted by a 1PB scale run of all 22 TPC-H queries; to our knowledge, this is the first reported run with scale larger than 100TB.
Trans-Generational Transmission of Trauma

Trans-generational trauma transmission has been studied and researched in psychoanalysis and clinical psychology throughout the last decades. Clinical and epidemiological studies show that children of parents who experienced trauma are at risk of developing emotional, cognitive, and behavioral problems including post-traumatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and conduct disorders (see Aviad-Wilchek & Cohenca, 2013; Dekel, 2008; Felsen, 1998; Scharf, 2007; Schwab, 2010), especially if the traumatic experience is connected to social trauma (see Hamburger, 2020, this volume).
Monoacylation of Symmetrical Diamines in Charge Microdroplets.

Monoacylation of symmetrical diamine is achieved when the primary α,ω-diamines (carbon numbers n = 3, 5 and 12) are diluted in ethyl acetate, and the resultant mixture is electrosprayed across a 10...
Expanding eVision’s Granularity of Influenza Forecasting

According to the United States’ Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 39 and 56 million people in the US suffered from Influenza Like Illnesses (ILI) in the 2019-20 flue season. From which, 410 to 740 thousand were hospitalized and 24 to 62 thousand succumbed to the disease. Therefore, the existence of an early warning mechanism that can alert pharmaceuticals, healthcare providers, and governments to the trends of the influenza season well in advance, would serve as a significant step in helping combat this communicable disease and reduce mortality from it.
Oxygen exchange and bulk diffusivity of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ: Quantitative assessment of active cathode material for protonic ceramic fuel cells

Abstract The oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusivity of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ were determined by electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) in order to quantitively assess cathode performance for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). The measurements were performed at 600 °C, following pO2-step changes between 80 ppm to pure oxygen. The apparent value of surface exchange coefficient (k) and diffusion coefficient D, indicates BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ is a good oxygen conductor. k was found to vary with pO2 and surface area while the chemical diffusion coefficient D remained invariant with pO2 and surface coating. The fitted kinetic parameters obtained from ECR with reduction process (high to low pO2) were compared with that of the oxidation process (low to high pO2). In the presence of H2O, oxygen exchange kinetics was suppressed because of the competitive adsorption relationship between oxygen and H2O. Single cell measurements employing single phase BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ cathode and an anode prepared by phase inversion tape casting in a configuration of 40 wt% BCZYSm13 + 60 wt% NiO | BCZYSm13 | BCFZY0.1 exhibited a power density of ~200 mW/cm2 at 600 °C.
Clearinghouse Standards of Evidence on the Transparency, Openness, and Reproducibility of Intervention Evaluations

Clearinghouses are influential repositories of information on the effectiveness of social interventions. To identify which interventions are "evidence-based," clearinghouses review intervention evaluations using published standards of evidence that focus primarily on internal validity and causal inferences. Open science practices can improve trust in evidence from evaluations on the effectiveness of social interventions. Including open science practices in clearinghouse standards of evidence is one of many efforts that could increase confidence in designations of interventions as "evidence-based." In this study, we examined the policies, procedures, and practices of 10 federal evidence clearinghouses that review preventive interventions-an important and influential subset of all evidence clearinghouses. We found that seven consider at least one open science practice when evaluating interventions: replication (6 of 10 clearinghouses), public availability of results (6), investigator conflicts of interest (3), design and analysis transparency (3), study registration (2), and protocol sharing (1). We did not identify any policies, procedures, or practices related to analysis plan registration, data sharing, code sharing, material sharing, and citation standards. We provide a framework with specific recommendations to help federal and other evidence clearinghouses implement the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines. Our proposed "TOP Guidelines for Clearinghouses" includes reporting whether evaluations used open science practices, incorporating open science practices in their standards for receiving "evidence-based" designations, and verifying that evaluations used open science practices. Doing so could increase the trustworthiness of evidence used for policy making and support improvements throughout the evidence ecosystem.
Correlates of Initiation of Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in United States Veterans, 2004-2009.

We describe the rates and predictors of initiation of treatment for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection in a large cohort of HCV positive Veterans seen in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. In addition, we identify the relationship between homelessness among these Veterans and treatment initiation. Univariate and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regression models with time-varying covariates were used to identify predictors of initiation of treatment with pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin. Of the 101,444 HCV treatment-naive Veterans during the study period, rates of initiation of treatment among homeless and non-homeless Veterans with HCV were low and clinically similar (6.2% vs. 7.4%, p<0.0001). For all U.S. Veterans, being diagnosed with genotype 2 or 3, black or other/unknown race, having Medicare or other insurance increased the risk of treatment. Veterans with age ≥50 years, drug abuse, diabetes, and hemoglobin < 10 g/dL showed lower rates of treatment. Initiation of treatment for HCV in homeless Veterans is low; similar factors predicted initiation of treatment. Additionally, exposure to treatment with medications for diabetes predicted lower rates of treatment. As newer therapies become available for HCV, these results may inform further studies and guide strategies to increase treatment rates in all U.S. Veterans and those who experience homelessness.
The Impact of Leadership on Health – A Preliminary Discussion

Contemporary leaders are confronted with unrelenting demands while setting visions, goals, and objectives for organizations. Empirical studies have shown that leaders are increasingly faced with high levels of stress which, in turn, have an impact on the health of individuals, groups, and entire organizational entities. There is a particular concern for the individual health of leaders since leaders play a particularly important role in the success and future survival of firms. This research paper endeavors to address some of the pertinent issues of the concept of leadership as they specifically relate to and impact health.
Sociodemographic, Environmental and Clinical Risk Factors for Developing Persistent Diarrhoea among Infants in a Rural Community of Egypt

The study documents the incidence of persistent diarrhoea and its sociodemographic, household, environmental and clinical risk factors. One hundred and fifty-two newborns were followed for the first 12 months of life in Bilbeis, Egypt. The household of each participant was surveyed at baseline and was visited twice a week. The study infants experienced persistent diarrhoea at a rate of 0.51 episode/case per year. Development of persistent diarrhoea was associated with water storage in mud-containers (Odds ratio [OR]=4.36, confidence interval [CI] 1.4-14.8), pump-water supply (OR=3.5, CI 1.2-10.2), and absence of a latrine in the household (OR=2.74, CI 1.01-7.38). Detection of faecal IgE (OR=3.32, CI 1.0-10.9) and high stool frequency (OR=2.95, CI 1.1-7.8) appeared as important clinical predictors for the onset of persistent diarrhoea. The incidence of persistent diarrhoea among young infants in Bilbeis, Egypt, was high. Sociodemographic, environmental and clinical parameters were important risk factors for the development of persistent diarrhoea.
Simplicity with respect to certain quadratic forms

Simplicity. - Let n denote an arbitrary integer >0, and m an odd interger >0. Write N[n = f] for the number of representations of n in the quadratic form f when this number is finite.
High-performance 1.06-μm selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with InGaAs-GaAsP strain-compensated quantum wells

We present the first room-temperature continuous-wave operation of high-performance 1.06-/spl mu/m selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). The lasers contain strain-compensated InGaAs-GaAsP quantum wells (QW's) in the active region grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The threshold current is 190 /spl mu/A for a 2.5/spl times/2.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ device, and the threshold voltage is as low as 1.255 V for a 6/spl times/6 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ device. Lasing at a wavelength as long as 1.1 /spl mu/m was also achieved. We discuss the wavelength limit for lasers using the strain-compensated QW's on GaAs substrates.
The ecology of physical activity and sport: Merging science and practice

Abstract A focus on the ecology of physical activity and sport will merge science and practice within the field of sport psychology. To support this contention, this paper identifies shortcomings of prominent theories within sport psychology by grouping them into meta-theoretical categories labeled dispositional-biological, cognitive behavioral, cognitive-phenomenological, and social-comtructionist. The solution to these shortcomings is an ecological meta-theory that definer the field of sport psychology as the study of how individuals encounter their physical activity and sport environments. Analysis and intervention of this targeted subject matter can be at the physiological, interpersonal, interpersonal, community, and/or institutional and public policy level. A meta-theory that defines ecological information within physical activity in sport as the primary subject matter of study and intervention will develop an autonomous field of study and practice.
Neural Network Estimation of Urban Leaf Area Index

Leaf area index (LAI) is a critical parameter for urban forest monitoring. The goal of this study in Terre Haute, Indiana, USA was to develop algorithms to model gap-fraction LAI measured on sample plots as a function of radiometric response measured by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Two neural networks facilitated the modeling. The first was trained to detect sites dominated by bare ground using ASTER visible, infrared, and thermal channels. The second estimated LAI as a function of vegetation indices. When the field sample sites were resubmitted to the two networks, the resulting systemwide standard error of the estimate was 1.25 LAI units.
Some effects of radiative and collisional broadening on line emission in a spherical, laser-heated plasma

Abstract We have generalized our treatment of resonance-line radiation from a spherical, laser-heated plasma by including the effects of radiative and collisional line broadening in representing the line-emission and absorption profiles by a Voigt function. We find that the emitted profiles are broadened by factors of five or more, depending on the magnitude of the damping constant. It is also shown that the Al(XIII) to Al(XII) line ratios are seriously affected by the different escape probabilities associated with Doppler and Voigt profiles. We also find that plasma cooling via resonance-line radiation is accelerated relative to that calculated with a pure Doppler profile, and that use of the Voigt profile decreases the density of excited states relative to the Doppler values. These phenomena are analyzed in terms of the differing profile shapes and widths.
The cost of loop free alternates in IP over WDM

In IP networks, the failure recovery time of IP restoration is sufficient for most applications. But some services require very short recovery times (50 ms) that can be achieved only by protection switching. Loop-free alternates (LFAs) is a protection switching mechanism that is in the IP layer. We consider IP over WDM networks where IP routing eventually restores all traffic, while LFAs protect the fraction of the traffic that has high priority. Simulations show that if 50% of the traffic has high priority then the additional cost to protect the high priority traffic using LFAs is just a few percent, e.g., 1% on average. Thus, with very little additional network cost, LFAs can guarantee that a large fraction of traffic will be protected between all source-destination pairs. In addition, a network design algorithm is presented that, given a traffic matrix and physical network topology, will find a low cost network design that includes determining the IP network topology, IP link capacities, lightpath routing, and LFAs.
Rapid Method for Computing the Inverse of a Relationship Matrix

Abstract The accuracy of prediction of breeding values can be improved by utilizing all relationships among animals to be evaluated. The inverse of the numerator relationship matrix is required for best prediction but is usually much too large to be computed by conventional inversion routines. A simple and rapid technique for finding this inverse directly from a list of sires and dams, bypassing computation of the matrix whose inverse is wanted, is presented.
As we should have thought

The hypermedia field has long realized the need for firstclass structural abstractions. However, we have failed to generalize the concept of ubiquitous structure management to problem domains other than navigation of information spaces. In this paper, we argue for the recognition of such a generalization, called structural computing, in which we assert the primacy of structure over data. We provide examples of four problem domains that are more naturally modeled with structure than data. We argue that support for structural computing must come in the form of new models, operating systems, and programming languages. We also assert that the experience gained by hypermedia researchers over the last decade may be naturally extended to form the basis of the new field of structural computing, and furthermore, the broadening of the applicability of our work is necessary for the continued vitality of our research community.