cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A STRAIN OF CANDIDA ALBICANS ASSOCIATED WITH VAGINITIS

in Rev. App. Myc. 1924. 3: 555. CASTELLANI, ALDO. 1927. Fungi and fungous diseases. Amer. Med. Assoc. Publication. , AND FRANKc TAYLOR. 1925. Further observations on vaginal Moniliases. Jour. Trop. Med. and
The contribution of the staebler-wronski effect to gap-state absorption in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract The contribution of light-induced conductivity and luminescence changes to gap-state absorption in a-Si:H was directly measured by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. We show that sample illumination enhances gap-state absorption while annealing restores its magnitude to the original level. Furthermore, we find that doping further enhances this absorption while compensation results in the smallest observed effect. We determine the energy position of the affected states to be 1.2-1.3 eV below the conduction band and tentatively attribute the enhancement to Si dangling bonds created by breaking the SiSi bonds.
RelB regulates manganese superoxide dismutase gene and resistance to ionizing radiation of prostate cancer cells

The relationship between NF-κB and resistance to radiation treatment in many tumor cell types has been generally well recognized. However, which members of the NF-κB family contribute to radiation resistance is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that RelB plays an important radioprotective role in aggressive prostate cancer cells, in part by the induction of antioxidant and antiapoptotic manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene. RelB is both constitutively present and is inducible by radiation in aggressive prostate cancer cells. Using ectopically expressed dominant negative inhibitor, p100 mutant, and the siRNA approach, we demonstrate that selective inhibition of RelB significantly decreases the levels of MnSOD resulting in a significant increase in the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to radiation treatment. These results demonstrate that RelB plays an important role in redox regulation of the cell and protects aggressive prostate cancer cells against radiation-induced cell death. Thus, inhibition of RelB could be a novel mechanism to radiosensitize prostate cancer.
Equitable arrangements for financing beach nourishment projects

Abstract In this paper we develop a systematic and objective economic approach to answer two fundamental financing questions created by beach nourishment projects: (1) who should pay for these projects?, and (2) what mix of taxes or user fees should be used to assess those responsible for paying? Establishment of a logical and feasible procedure for allocating the financing burden in a way that satisfies basic standards of taxpayer equity and fairness is our basic goal. An important criterion for evaluating alternative financing options is ‘target effectiveness’, that is, the extent to which a potential revenue source produces a close match between the financing burden and the benefit distribution. Various points, with examples from a recent evaluation of proposed beach nourishment projects for several beaches along the coast of southern Delaware on the east coast of the USA, are illustrated. Our equity analysis suggests that local communities should shoulder much of the financing burden for beach nourishment projects. Beach access fees and a special assessment on properties on, or near, the beach front represent the preferred sources of funds to pay for these projects.
Characterizing Effective Memory Bandwidth of Designs with Concurrent High-Performance Computing Cores

In this paper we investigate several common bus architectures and measure effective bandwidth between High Performance Computing cores and off-chip memory. Contributions of this paper include (i) characterizing the behavior of four common organizations using off-the-shelf IP cores, (ii) an investigation of the effect of multiple computational cores sharing the bus structures, and (iii) the development of a testing methodology which simulates different access patterns and accurately measures bandwidth. The results show that while some bus architectures arc clearly belter than others, none approach the theoretical bandwidth of the memory interface. Furthermore, negotiating the bus protocol is a significant source of overhead. So much so that it effectively hides any performance one might gain from trying to access the off-chip DRAMs using an "intelligent" access pattern.
De l’orgueilleuse à la romancière : Réécritures de l’enfance dans « Mes études à Saint-Boniface » et La détresse et l’enchantement de Gabrielle Roy

Gabrielle Roy a laisse un nombre considerable de manuscrits et d’inedits, dont la lecture est susceptible de jeter un eclairage nouveau sur certains de ses textes canoniques. C’est le cas du court texte autobiographique « Mes etudes a Saint-Boniface », dont la structure et l’essentiel du propos sont repris dans La detresse et l’enchantement. Or le message livre par l’une et l’autre de ces versions du recit de la visite de l’inspecteur n’est pas du tout le meme. Nous proposons ici une analyse du travail de reecriture qui s’est opere entre les differentes versions du recit. C’est finalement une interrogation sur l’essence meme du projet autobiographique de Gabrielle Roy qui nait de l’etude de ce dossier genetique.
Correlation of inflammation with adrenocortical atrophy in canine adrenalitis.

Summary Hypoadrenocorticism or Addison's disease (AD) is a functional disorder in which insufficient mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex. Human AD is usually attributed to lymphoplasmacytic adrenalitis with autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Lymphoplasmacytic adrenalitis is also reported in some descriptions of canine AD; however, the histological aspects of adrenalitis or adrenocortical atrophy have not been well characterized because microscopical examination is not required for diagnosis of AD. In this study, sections of adrenal glands from 33 dogs with adrenalitis were compared with those of 37 dogs without adrenal lesions. The affected dogs were classified clinically as having AD ( n = 3), being suspected of having AD ( n = 17), not having AD ( n = 11) or were unclassified ( n = 2). The adrenal inflammation was lymphoplasmacytic in 17 dogs, lymphocytic in four, lymphohistiocytic in one, granulomatous in three and neutrophilic in eight cases. Adrenal glands from control dogs lacked leucocyte infiltration and had a cortical to medullary area ratio of 1.1–7.2. All three dogs with AD, 8/17 dogs with suspected AD and 1/11 dogs without AD had a cortical to medullary area ratio r = 0.94) with a linear cortical to medullary thickness ratio, a thickness ratio
Plasma Inflammatory Mediators Associated with Bone Metabolism in COPD

ABSTRACTThe association of osteoporosis with COPD is well established, but the relationship between systemic inflammatory mediators and bone metabolism has not been explored. Plasma samples from 40 COPD patients awaiting lung transplantation were analyzed for 27 inflammatory mediators using a multiplex protein array. C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTx), a marker of bone resorption, was measured with ELISA, and N-terminal procollagen propeptide (P1NP), a marker of bone formation, was ascertained with a radioimmunoassay. Associations between inflammatory mediators versus CTx and P1NP with adjustments for steroid and bisphosphonate use were determined. Mean age was 59 years (± 6) and FEV1 was 23.5% (± 8.3%) predicted. Ninety-five percent of the subjects had low bone mineral density measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 4 were positively associated with CTx and P1NP. RANTES and eotaxin were inversely associated with CTx and P1NP. Interleukin 2 and interferon ...
Quantitative Estimation and Identification of Estrogens in Bovine Urine

Abstract This work was conducted to further develop methodology for the chemical assay of estrogen in bovine urine. The method includes use of 14 C internal standards, a combination of enzyme and acid hydrolysis, paper chromatography, and fluorimetry for the assay of four estrogens in bovine pregnancy urine. Enzyme hydrolysis liberated approximately 90% of the 17 α-estradiol but only about 10% of the estrone as compared with enzyme followed by acid hydrolysis. Approximately equal amounts of 17 β -estradiol and an estriol-like compound were liberated by enzyme and acid hydrolysis. Three of the compounds, 17 α-estradiol, 17 β-estradiol and estrone, were positively identified by paper chromatographic mobilities, sulfuric acid and absorption spectra, and biological potencies. Additional proof of structure for 17 α-estradiol was provided by the Kagi-Miescher and Haenni-Iron-Kober tests. Chromatographic studies suggest the presence of 16,17-epiestriol, but inadequate quantities of the hormone prevented identification.
The Fetish is Always Actual, Revolution is Always Virtual: From Noology to Noopolitics

By most accounts Deleuze's engagement with Marx begins with the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia he co-authored with Felix Guattari. However, Deleuze's Difference and Repetition alludes to a connection between Deleuze's critique of common sense and Marx's theory of fetishism, suggesting a connection between the critique of the image of thought and the critique of capital. By tracing this connection from its emergence in the early texts on noology, or the image of thought, to the development in the critique of state thought in A Thousand Plateaus, it can be argued that what initially appears as an entirely infra-philosophical problem, concerned with the presuppositions of philosophy, is not only a political problem as well, but ultimately bears on the very nature of the conjunction between thought and politics, making possible a re-examination of what is meant by revolutionary thought. It is a transition from noology to noopolitics. In the end it can be argued that revolutionary thought is no lo...
Color appearance: the effects of illumination and spatial pattern

Abstract The color we perceive at each point in an image depends on information spread across the three spatial arrays of cone photoreceptors. I describe experiments aimed at clarifying how information is integrated across the spatial arrays to yield a color experience. We have found that changes of color appearance due to changes of the ambient illumination and the pattern's spatial frequency can be described by using a simple set of optical and neural transformations. Each transformation can be thought of as having two parts. First, the transformation converts the color representation into a new coordinate frame that is independent of the image contents. Second, the transformation scales the neural responses in the new coordinate frame by a gain factor that depends on the image contents.
Airborne Emissions Assessment of Hot Asphalt Mixing Methods and Limitations

Hot mix asphalt industries are required to meet airborne emissions thresholds, yet only a few types of emission measurements are available. This study is therefore aimed at evaluating the influence of operating parameters on airborne emissions at the plant stack, especially Gaseous Organic Compounds (GOC), in addition to identifying both the best mixing conditions and bitumen influence through laboratory testing. Emission measurements have been performed for a given set of production conditions, and results highlight significant changes in emission flows. CO2, SO2, NOx, and GOC all seem to be correlated with combustion intensity and energy consumption, whereas CO tends instead to be associated with combustion efficiency. Laboratory GOC variations exhibit monotonic increases with temperature; at the plant level, these effects are concealed by combustion scattering due to burner adjustment. Flow assessment is provided at the plant for each pollutant along with its dispersion.
Pattern selection near the onset of convection: The Eckhaus instability.

We present an experimental study of the space and time evolution of the Eckhaus instability, a general mechanism of pattern selection for spatially periodic patterns in nonlinear systems. Using a convecting liquid crystal layer, we observed long-wavelength modulations leading to the nucleation of new roll pairs. The development of this process is studied by time-resolved spatial Fourier analysis and compared with predictions based on an amplitude equation.
The prospects for mineral analysis by remote infrared spectroscopy.

An investigation of the effects of physical parameters on the spectra of minerals has been carried out, and an attempt made to develop a comprehensive theory of the reflectance (or emittance) spectra of particulate surfaces. The theory involves the effects of particle size, surface roughness, porosity, and mixing ratios on the spectra of mineralogical assemblages. The true spectral information is represented by the refractive indices and absorption coefficients of the constituent minerals. The present theory and the Mie theory for a cloud of well separated quartz particles are compared, as well as theoretical and experimental reflectances of quartz powders, glass beads, and corundum powders. Experimental results of abrading sapphire are presented.
The connective tissue response to immobility: An accelerated ageing response?

Abstract A certain similarity between changes secondary to lack of extremity function and those of ageing has stimulated the present inquiry. The chemical changes occurring in immobility are described and compared with available information on such changes in the ageing process. A change in the gel-fibre ratio was noted to be a uniform process which occurred in all fibrous connective tissue structures of the immobilized canine knee. There was no change in total collagen to support the hypothesis that contractures occur as a result of stimulated collagen synthesis in strategic sites. Acid mucopolysaccharides on the immobilized side were uniformly reduced in terms of concentration of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4 and 6-sulfate. Changes in the dermatan sulfate fraction were less consistent.
Uptake of high density lipoproteins by rat ovaries in vivo and dispersed ovarian cells in vitro. Direct correlation of high density lipoprotein uptake with steroidogenic activity

Uptake of human and rat 125I-labeled HDL by rat ovarian tissue was studied in vivo and in vitro to determine if lipoprotein accumulation correlates with steroidogenic activity. Per mg wet wt, ovaries of immature PMSG-hCG-primed rats on Day 7 post-hCG, which had been treated with 4-APP to reduce endogenous lipoprotein levels, accumulated 6–10-fold more labeled HDL, administered intravenously, than ovaries of 4-APP-treated animals not primed with gonadotropins. In contrast, uptake of human 125I-labeled LDL by ovaries of unstimulated and PMSG-hCG-primed 4-APP-treated rats was equivalent on a mg wet wt basis. Ovarian uptake of rat 125I-labeled HDL in animals not treated with 4-APP was greatest in rats primed with PMSG and hCG studied on Day 7 post-hCG and least in immature unprimed animals. Uptake of labeled HDL by ovaries of rats treated with PMSG alone was lower than in rats receiving PMSG and hCG. Thus, in vivo HDL uptake was directly related to ovarian steroidogenic activity as reflected by plasma progesterone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one concentrations. In vitro uptake of human 125I-labeled HDL by dispersed cells prepared from ovaries of immature hypophysectomized rats was relatively low. Treatment of these animals with estradiol and estradiol and FSH produced only a modest increase in the capacity of dispersed ovarian cells to accumulate labeled HDL in a specific fashion, and plasma progestin concentrations were also relatively low. However, a single injection of LH to rats bearing ovaries with mature follicles produced a substantial increase in the ability of dispersed cells to take up labeled HDL. This correlated with a marked elevation in plasma progestin levels. Addition of prolactin to the hormonal regimen further increased HDL uptake by the cells and plasma progestin concentrations. We conclude that the capacity of rat ovarian tissue to take up HDL is directly related to its steroidogenic activity. Leuteinization, triggered by LH, is clearly attended by an increase in the uptake of HDL which occurs concomitantly with an increase in steroidogenic capacity.
Retinoid metabolism and its effects on the vasculature

Retinoids, the metabolically-active structural derivatives of vitamin A, are critical signaling molecules in many fundamental biological processes including cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Emerging evidence, both clinical and molecular, implicates retinoids in atherosclerosis and other vasculoproliferative disorders such as restenosis. Although the data from clinical trials examining effect of vitamin A and vitamin precursors on cardiac events have been contradictory, this data does suggest that retinoids do influence fundamental processes relevant to atherosclerosis. Preclinical animal model and cellular studies support these concepts. Retinoids exhibit complex effects on proliferation, growth, differentiation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), including responses to injury and atherosclerosis. Retinoids also appear to exert important inhibitory effects on thrombosis and inflammatory responses relevant to atherogenesis. Recent studies suggest retinoids may also be involved in vascular calcification and endothelial function, for example, by modulating nitric oxide pathways. In addition, established retinoid effects on lipid metabolism and adipogenesis may indirectly influence inflammation and atherosclerosis. Collectively, these observations underscore the scope and complexity of retinoid effects relevant to vascular disease. Additional studies are needed to elucidate how context and metabolite-specific retinoid effects affect atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
Landscape‐scale genetic variation in a forest outbreak species, the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae)

The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae is a native species currently experiencing large-scale outbreaks in western North American pine forests. We sought to describe the pattern of genetic variation across the range of this species, to determine whether there were detectable genetic differences between D. ponderosae occupying different host trees in common localities, and to determine whether there was molecular evidence for a past demographic expansion. Using a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mitochondrial sequencing analyses, we found evidence of genetic structuring among populations that followed a broad isolation-by-distance pattern. Our results suggest that the geographical pattern of gene flow follows the core distribution of the principal D. ponderosae host species, around rather than across the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. Patterns of haplotype diversity and divergence were consistent with a range-wide population expansion. This signal was particularly pronounced in the northern part of the species' range, where outbreak activity is currently increasing. Using AFLP markers, we were unable to detect significant differences among groups of insects sampled from different host trees in common locations. Incidentally, we found that a large proportion of the polymorphic AFLP markers were gender-specific, occurring only in males. While we did not include these markers in our analyses, this finding warrants further investigation.
Interpreting climate-modulated processes of terrace development along the Colorado Front Range using a landscape evolution model

Flights of terraces that flank range fronts throughout the Rocky Mountains record episodic stream incision over the past 1.5 Ma. Studies dating terraces in the Denver Basin along the Colorado Front Range suggest that these high surfaces were formed during glacial intervals and were rapidly incised and abandoned during interglacials. Modulation of sediment supply or transport capacity associated with climate change related to glacial-interglacial cycles have been suggested as possible drivers for the repeated aggradation and abandonment of these high surfaces. Potential mechanisms for increasing sediment supply and transport in rivers include variations over time in sediment flux from intermittently glaciated major valleys, the efficiency of hillslope sediment transport, and the magnitude and timing of rainfall intensity and stream flow. In this study, we use a landscape evolution model to determine whether any of these processes, in isolation or in combination, is sufficient to explain the observed rates and patterns of terrace formation and abandonment along the Colorado piedmont. Cycles of channel aggradation and incision are apparent in the models when either mean rainfall intensity is varied or a glacial source of sediment is added. The models suggest that in the absence of a large addition of sediment to the streams, changes in stream power are necessary to allow channel aggradation and the planation of bedrock surfaces, and increased sediment flux from hillslopes is necessary to match observations of increased denudation rates that coincide with the deposition of terrace-capping gravels.
Urokinase induces its own expression in Beas2B lung epithelial cells.

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) interacts with its receptor (uPAR) to promote local proteolysis as well as cellular proliferation and migration. These functions contribute to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation and remodeling as well as the growth and invasiveness of lung neoplasms. In this study, we sought to determine if uPA alters its own expression in lung epithelial cells. Using immunoprecipitation and Western and Northern blotting techniques, we found that uPA treatment enhanced uPA expression in Beas2B lung epithelial cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The induction of uPA expression is mediated through its cell surface receptor uPAR and does not require uPA enzymatic activity. The amino-terminal fragment of uPA, lacking the catalytic domain, is sufficient to induce uPA expression. The serine protease plasmin and the protease inhibitor aprotinin failed to alter uPA-mediated uPA expression, whereas α-thrombin potentiated the response. Pretreatment of Beas2B cells with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin, suggests that activation of tyrosine kinase(s) is involved in the uPA-mediated uPA expression. Induction of uPA expression by exposure of lung-derived epithelial cells to uPA is a newly defined pathway by which this protease could influence expression of local fibrinolytic activity and other uPA-dependent cellular responses germane to lung inflammation or neoplasia.
Principles and Strategies for Developing Network Models in Cancer

The flood of genome-wide data generated by high-throughput technologies currently provides biologists with an unprecedented opportunity: to manipulate, query, and reconstruct functional molecular networks of cells. Here, we outline three underlying principles and six strategies to infer network models from genomic data. Then, using cancer as an example, we describe experimental and computational approaches to infer "differential" networks that can identify genes and processes driving disease phenotypes. In conclusion, we discuss how a network-level understanding of cancer can be used to predict drug response and guide therapeutics.
Efficient Pollution Regulation: Getting the Prices Right: Corrigendum (Mortality Rate Update) †

When the Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy (APEEP) analysis model was first constructed, the model used mortality rate data that differs from more recent and refined data. The most important difference is that the old mortality data for the elderly (populations over 65) were available only as a single category. More recent data breaks the elderly into distinct age groups. 1 Joel Wiles recently pointed out this distinction to us. In this correction, we update the estimates of mar ginal damages and trading ratios reported in Muller and Mendelsohn (2009) to take into account this new, more refined mortality rate data. 2 Table 1 reports the marginal damages across the 9,983 sources covered by the APEEP model. The values labeled “Old” were produced with the APEEP model using the old mortality rate data, as reported in Muller and Mendelsohn (2009). The new values use the updated mortality rate data, which break down the elderly into distinct age classes (65–74, 75–84, and 85+). 3 Due to missing and suppressed values in this new mortality data, the mortality rates used in the updated analysis are age-specific state averages for counties included in and outside of Census-defined Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). The new marginal damage estimates are generally higher. The level of mortality damages is especially sensitive to elderly mortality rates because the elderly account for most of the mortality burden from air pollution and the mortality effect increases rapidly with age. The expected value of the marginal damages for NH 3 and SO2 emissions are now between 50 percent and 60 percent higher than the expected values reported in Muller and Mendelsohn
Catheter-based closure of paravalvular leak

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a serious complication from surgical and percutaneous valve replacement procedures. The most common manifestations include congestive heart failure and hemolytic anemia, which may cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Repeat surgery for PVL closure is often complicated and carries a reduced probability of success. As such, catheter-based techniques to eliminate PVL have been developed. Percutaneous PVL closure procedures rely heavily on multimodality imaging techniques such as echocardiography, fluoroscopy and computed tomography for diagnosis, technical planning and procedural guidance. Evidence demonstrates that catheter-based closure of PVL boasts high procedural success rates and favorable clinical outcomes. Given the rapidly advancing nature of this field, this review summarizes the contemporary diagnosis of PVL, common techniques used for percutaneous closure and the latest data on patient outcomes following this procedure.
The Impact of the Annual Cycle on the North Pacific/North American Response to Remote Low-Frequency Forcing

The impact of the climatological seasonally varying 300-mb flow on the North Pacific/North American response to remote anomalous forcing is considered in the context of a linear barotropic model. WKB theory suggests that the total wavenumber of stationary Rossby waves over the Pacific increases from about 7 in January to 8.5 by June, with the reverse occurring during fall. This change is accompanied by monthly changes in the location and shape of the Rossby waveguide itself. Using a diagnostic tool called the influence function, it is shown that the most sensitive area of forcing for producing a large response over the United States shifts from the east Pacific in late winter to the west Pacific by late spring. As spring progresses, there is also a marked increase in the sensitivity to smaller-scale forcing in both of these regions, particularly the west Pacific. The amplitude of the forced response can potentially be larger in June than any other month of the year. These results suggest that the evolution of extreme springtime weather events over North America may depend critically upon the precise timing and geographical structure of forcing anomalies over both the east and the west Pacific. In this model, low-frequency variability within and downstream of the Rossby waveguide is sensitive to the annual cycle of the ambient flow. This suggests that the impact of the annual cycle must be taken into account in any complete theory of low-frequency variability. The impact is large enough to raise the possibility of significant interactions across timescales. In other words, it is possible for a steady forcing to produce an unsteady response and, equally, for an unsteady forcing to produce a seasonal-mean response. In such situations, particularly during the northern spring and fall seasons, investigating low-frequency anomalies as departures from three-month seasonal climatologies may lead to confusion and may not be useful.
Soil-dependent canopy die-back and plant mortality in two Mojave Desert shrubs

Recent drought has led to unprecedented levels of plant mortality across the Southwestern US. An unaddressed feature of this drought’s impact is how soil characteristics and soil hydrological behavior affect desert plant canopy die-back and mortality. Here, we present a multi-year study in the Mojave Desert assessing canopy die-back and wholeplant mortality of white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) and creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) in soils varying in surface and sub-surface horizon development, and topographic (hillslope vs. channel) positions. Canopy die-back and mortality was more widespread A. dumosa than in L. tridentata, and dead plants tended to be smaller than surviving plants, especially in channel and hillslope locations. This suggests that juveniles were particularly vulnerable where plants depended heavily on augmentation of incident precipitation by runoff. Canopy die-back was greater in young, weakly developed soils that fostered extensive plant growth, while plants growing in older, well-developed soils showed markedly lower branch and plant mortality, especially in A. dumosa .W e attributed these differences in plant response in part to variation in distributions of large rocks within soil profiles, which might affect soil hydrological heterogeneity and intensity of plant competition for water. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Glucose Metabolism by the Cryptorchid Rat Testis

electrically over a 4-hr period in the presence and absence of gluccse. Mean recovery of glucose-14C as 14CO., (% recovery/100 mg wet weight/S hr) fell from 3.98 at 0 days to 0.69 at 12 days. This fall followed closely the fall in testis weight over the same period. At 0 days, oxygen uptake rates (tl/lOO mg wet tissue/ hr) over a 4-hr incubation period fell from 92.3 to 43.7 in the presence of glucose and from 87.6 to 17.5 in the absence of glucose. At 12 days, corresponding rates were from 74.6 to 78.7 and from 83.6 to 72.2. Glucose oxidation to 14CO0 accounted for 28% of oxygen uptake at 0 days and 5% at 12 days. Relative rates of recovery of '�COO from specifically labeled glucose carbons were in the order C-3,4 > C-2 > C-6 = C-l at 0 days and C-i = C-3,4 > C-6> C-2 at 44 days. Glucose uptake (�tg/100 mg wet tissue/br) fell from 170 at 0 days to 45 at 8 days, while lactate production remained relatively unchanged. Recovery of gluconate-1-14C., as 14C0., (%/100 mg wet tissue/S hr) increased from 0.48 at 0 days to 0.93 at 20 days. Oxidation of glucuronate-6-14C remained relatively unchanged. Evolution of 14C0., from acetate-1-14C was doubled by the presence of glucose with both control and cryptorchrid testis tissue, while evolution of 14C0., from glucose-U-14C was reduced in the presence of acetate. It was concluded that in rat testis heat-sensitive germinal cells were the principal site of glucose oxidation and that in these cells glucose was oxidized via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glvcolvsis, decarboxvlation, and the citric acid cycle. Small amounts of glucose were oxidized by heat-resistant cells, predominantly via pentose cycle, carboxylation, and the citric acid cycle.
Cooperative caching middleware for cluster-based servers

Considers the use of cooperative caching to manage the memories of cluster-based servers. Over the last several years, a number of researchers have proposed content-aware servers that implement locality-conscious request distribution to address this memory management problem. During this development, it has become conventional wisdom that cooperative caching cannot match the performance of these servers. Unfortunately, while content-aware servers provide very high performance, their request distribution algorithms are typically bound to specific applications. The advantage of building distributed servers on top of a block-based cooperative caching layer is the generality of such a layer; it can be used as a building block for diverse services, ranging from file systems to web servers. In this paper, we reexamine the question of whether a server built on top of a generic block-based cooperative caching algorithm can perform competitively with content-aware servers. Specifically, we compare the performance of a cooperative caching-based Web server against L2S, a highly optimized locality- and load-conscious server. Our results show that, by modifying the replacement policy of traditional cooperative caching algorithms, we can achieve much of the performance provided by locality-conscious servers. Our modification increases network communication to reduce disk accesses, a reasonable trade-off considering the current trend of relative performance between LANs and disks.
Mayo Clinic Electrophysiology Manual

Samuel J. Asirvatham, Ed. 711 pages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013. $147.98. ISBN:13 978-0199941193 Over the past decade there has been a rapid evolution of the techniques of invasive electrophysiology, mapping, and ablation. Considerable progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms and anatomic location of cardiac arrhythmias, thereby allowing the cure of most arrhythmias with ablation techniques. Although several excellent textbooks are available with content on basic and clinical electrophysiology, and cardiac rhythm management devices, as well, there remains a clear gap in textbooks focusing on contemporary invasive electrophysiology and ablation techniques. In an attempt to bridge this gap in contemporary textbooks, Dr Asirvatham has assembled a team of Mayo Clinic contributors to produce a manual rather than a textbook. This practical, superbly illustrated 711-page manual is focused on contemporary techniques of invasive electrophysiology including mapping, imaging, diagnostic maneuvers, and ablation. The book is a practical, concise, multiauthored text written and edited by colleagues from the Mayo Clinic. It consists of 2 sections, including 9 chapters in section I. This is followed by 20 case studies in section II designed to test the principles presented in the initial section of the manual. The chapters include an introductory 62-page masterfully written contribution by Dr Asirvatham covering fluoroscopic views, electrograms, and relevant anatomy. It is replete with high-quality radiographic images effectively coupled with color anatomic …
Random number generator for 16-bit machines

A general 16-bit multiplicative congruential generator is developed and tested using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The generator is simple and is shown to have good randomness properties for the generation of uniform random numbers. It is also shown that this generator is portable in the sense that it does not overflow the 16-bit computer or require a double-precision mod statement. >
Comparison of Intelligibility Measures for Adults With Parkinson's Disease, Adults With Multiple Sclerosis, and Healthy Controls.

Purpose This study obtained judgments of sentence intelligibility using orthographic transcription for comparison with previously reported intelligibility judgments obtained using a visual analog scale (VAS) for individuals with Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis and healthy controls (K. Tjaden, J. E. Sussman, & G. E. Wilding, 2014). Method Speakers read Harvard sentences in habitual, clear, loud, and slow conditions. Sentence stimuli were equated for peak intensity and mixed with multitalker babble. A total of 50 listeners orthographically transcribed sentences. Procedures were identical to those for a VAS reported in Tjaden, Sussman, and Wilding (2014). Results The percent correct scores from transcription were significantly higher in magnitude than the VAS scores. Multivariate linear modeling indicated that the pattern of findings for transcription and VAS was virtually the same with respect to differences among groups and speaking conditions. Correlation analyses further indicated a moderately...
Evaluation of bias and variance in low-count OSEM list mode reconstruction

Statistical algorithms have been widely used in PET image reconstruction. The maximum likelihood expectation maximization reconstruction has been shown to produce bias in applications where images are reconstructed from a relatively small number of counts. In this study, image bias and variability in low-count OSEM reconstruction are investigated on images reconstructed with MOLAR (motion-compensation OSEM list-mode algorithm for resolution-recovery reconstruction) platform. A human brain ([11C]AFM) and a NEMA phantom are used in the simulation and real experiments respectively, for the HRRT and Biograph mCT. Image reconstructions were repeated with different combinations of subsets and iterations. Regions of interest were defined on low-activity and high-activity regions to evaluate the bias and noise at matched effective iteration numbers (iterations × subsets). Minimal negative biases and no positive biases were found at moderate count levels and less than 5% negative bias was found using extremely low levels of counts (0.2 M NEC). At any given count level, other factors, such as subset numbers and frame-based scatter correction may introduce small biases (1–5%) in the reconstructed images. The observed bias was substantially lower than that reported in the literature, perhaps due to the use of point spread function and/or other implementation methods in MOLAR.
Effects of response conflict on pain-evoked medial prefrontal cortex activity

Experimental studies of pain may introduce a response conflict, where the subject must inhibit an escape response and make a pain-rating response. Several lines of evidence have shown that the medial prefrontal cortex is activated by painful stimuli and by response conflict. It is not clear, however, to what extent pain-evoked medial prefrontal cortex activation reflects response conflict. We examined this question using the Simon task. The participants identified pain threshold and moderately painful target stimuli presented to the left or right sural nerves using their left or right hands. Response conflict occurred when the response was made with the hand contralateral to the target stimulus. The results suggest that pain-evoked medial prefrontal cortex activity occurring 70 to 190 ms poststimulus, as estimated from the sural nerve somatosensory evoked potential, is not involved in response conflict.
Immigration, Racial Profiling, and White Privilege: Community-Based Challenges and Practices for Adult Educators

This chapter will discuss the impact of a community-based transformational model of adult education that challenges white privilege and the racial profiling of immigrants.
A protein with similarity to PTEN regulates aggregation territory size by decreasing cyclic AMP pulse size during Dictyostelium discoideum development.

ABSTRACT An interesting but largely unanswered biological question is how eukaryotic organisms regulate the size of multicellular tissues. During development, a lawn of Dictyostelium cells breaks up into territories, and within the territories the cells aggregate in dendritic streams to form groups of ∼20,000 cells. Using random insertional mutagenesis to search for genes involved in group size regulation, we found that an insertion in the cnrN gene affects group size. Cells lacking CnrN (cnrN−) form abnormally small groups, which can be rescued by the expression of exogenous CnrN. Relayed pulses of extracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) direct cells to aggregate by chemotaxis to form aggregation territories and streams. cnrN− cells overaccumulate cAMP during development and form small territories. Decreasing the cAMP pulse size by treating cnrN− cells with cAMP phosphodiesterase or starving cnrN− cells at a low density rescues the small-territory phenotype. The predicted CnrN sequence has similarity to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which in Dictyostelium inhibits cAMP-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways. CnrN inhibits cAMP-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation, Akt activation, actin polymerization, and cAMP production. Our results suggest that CnrN is a protein with some similarities to PTEN and that it regulates cAMP signal transduction to regulate territory size.
Notch signaling in postnatal pituitary expansion: proliferation, progenitors, and cell specification

Mutations in PROP1 account for up to half of the cases of combined pituitary hormone deficiency that result from known causes. Despite this, few signaling molecules and pathways that influence PROP1 expression have been identified. Notch signaling has been linked to Prop1 expression, but the developmental periods during which Notch signaling influences Prop1 and overall pituitary development remain unclear. To test the requirement for Notch signaling in establishing the normal pituitary hormone milieu, we generated mice with early embryonic conditional loss of Notch2 (conditional knockout) and examined the consequences of chemical Notch inhibition during early postnatal pituitary maturation. We show that loss of Notch2 has little influence on early embryonic pituitary proliferation but is crucial for postnatal progenitor maintenance and proliferation. In addition, we show that Notch signaling is necessary embryonically and postnatally for Prop1 expression and robust Pit1 lineage hormone cell expansion, as well as repression of the corticotrope lineage. Taken together, our studies identify temporal and cell type-specific roles for Notch signaling and highlight the importance of this pathway throughout pituitary development.
Single-cell zeroth-order protein degradation enhances the robustness of synthetic oscillator.

In Escherichia coli, protein degradation in synthetic circuits is commonly achieved by the ssrA-tagged degradation system. In this work, we show that the degradation kinetics for the green fluorescent protein fused with the native ssrA tag in each cell exhibits the zeroth-order limit of the Michaelis–Menten kinetics, rather than the commonly assumed first-order. When measured in a population, the wide distribution of protein levels in the cells distorts the true kinetics and results in a first-order protein degradation kinetics as a population average. Using the synthetic gene-metabolic oscillator constructed previously, we demonstrated theoretically that the zeroth-order kinetics significantly enlarges the parameter space for oscillation and thus enhances the robustness of the design under parametric uncertainty.
Flux pinning for In situ Nb3Sn superconducting wire

Abstract Critical currents and upper critical fields have been evaluated for in situ prepared Nb3Sn-Cu multifilamentary superconducting wire in order to determine which aspects of filament morphology are most important for flux pinning. Wire specimens were prepared with a wide range of Nb3Sn filament sizes as controlled by the as-cast dendrite size, the degree of wire drawing and the degree of filament coarsening. Tape specimens were examined as a function of orientation in the magnetic field. The Nb3Sn filament and grain morphology were examined with SEM and TEM techniques. In all cases the pinning force was found to follow an h ∗ 1 2 (1-h ∗ ) 2 dependence where h ∗ is the reduced magnetic field, H/H ∗ c2 and the data consistently yielded parallel lines on a Kramer plot. Neither the perfect lattice shear model of Kramer nor the surface pinning model of Dew-Hughes adequately describe in situ data. Analysis of the critical current results and the Nb3Sn filament and grain morphology indicates that flux pinning in these in situ materials is not dominated by either the Nb3Sn/Bronze interfaces or the Nb3Sn grain boundaries, but is probably due to a combination of pinning at both interfaces.
SKELETAL METASTASIS IN CANCER

1. Skeletal metastasis resulting from a carcinoma may occur without any clinical evidence of a primary lesion. 2. The prostate is the most common source of skeletal metastasis; the breast, second; the kidney, third, while the stomach, lung, thyroid and other organs are involved less frequently and in the order given. 3. The size of the primary lesion is no index of the probability of metastasis. 4. Metastasis to bone may occur many years following the primary operation, and in the present series of cases of breast cancer skeletal metastasis was observed as late as eighteen and twenty-five hundredths years postoperatively. 5. Irradiation of the osseous lesions relieves pain and prolongs the life of the patient.
Pancreatic cancer disparities in African Americans.

ObjectivesPancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The incidence of pancreatic cancer in African Americans is 50% to 90% higher than the incidence in other racial groups. African Americans also have the worst prognosis. This is an evidence-based re
Action Structures and Communication in Two International Crises: Quemoy and Berlin

Current international relations theory suggests to the researcher that at least two distinctly different perspectives ought to be brought to bear in the analysis of any major series of international events. Foreign policy analysis?or, more generally, the study of the international behavior of "national actors"?is one focus. The other focus is on the interplay of demands and responses in a series of international events?or, on the operations of the international system. A competent historical narrative utilizes both perspectives and blends "actor" and "system" considerations in order to reveal an ordering of what occurred in a time and place setting. No complaints ought to be raised against good diplomatic histories. They represent one level of approximation of the truth to complex realities. The present interest in international relations research is to develop empirical studies which, by their method and scope, will improve on the historical synthesis and in a cumulative manner. Detailed case studies of particular decisions in foreign policy and calculations of cost-effectiveness ratios in planning military and foreign programs are types of work that are beginning to cluster around the "national actor" perspective. Richardson's (1960) analyses of the patterns of arms races and Deutsch's (1956, 1960) compara? tive studies of input-output performances of many nations are examples in the development of the systems perspective.
Impairment of the gastric hyperemic response to luminal acid in cirrhotic rats

Liver cirrhosis impairs gastric mucosal resistance to luminal acid in humans and in animal models. Because we have previously shown that pentagastrin enhances defensive as well as aggressive factors implicated in mucosal injury, we examined the hypothesis that the pentagastrin-mediated enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms may be impaired in cirrhotic rats. Increased acid backdiffusion and susceptibility to gross mucosal injury, associated with an elimination of the hyperemic response to gastric barrier disruption, was observed in cirrhotic rats. In in vivo microscopic studies in anesthetized rats, cirrhosis had no effect on pentagastrin-associated enhancement of mucus gel thickness or baseline gastric mucosal blood flow, although baseline mucus gel thickness was decreased. Cirrhosis did, however, abolish the luminal acid-related hyperemic response to pentagastrin, which was associated with impaired intracellular pH homeostasis during acid superfusion. Cirrhosis did not alter submucosal calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerves. We conclude that acid backdiffusion and pentagastrin-associated hyperemic responses are important mucosal defensive factors that are specifically impaired by cirrhosis.