cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Mercury Methylation and Demethylation in an Oligotrophic Lake

Abstract Microbial mercury methylation and methylmercury decomposition were examined in Lake Clara, an oligotrophic northern Wisconsin seepage lake, using radioisotopic tracers. Methylation activity was near background in the water column, was greatest in the profundal surficial sediments, and decreased with depth in sediment cores. Active demethylation occurred in the water column but was variable. Demethylation was greatest in the surficial sediments and decreased slightly with sediment depth. The methylation/demethylation ratio (M/D) was >1 in the water column, exhibited a sharp peak in surface sediments, and decreased in deeper sediments. Methylation and demethylation activity varied in surface sediments collected along a lake transect. The M/D ratio in surface sediments ranged from 1.4 to 5.8. Methylation in attached microbial communities was near background, while demethylation was high. The M/D ratios in the attached communities were all <0.20. Methylation activity in surface sediments incubated at in situ temperature increased from spring to late summer and decreased in the fall. Demethylation increased from early to midsummer and then declined. The M/D ratio in surface sediments increased from mid- to late summer, and decreased in the fall. These results indicate that the greatest potential for methylation in Lake Clara occurs in the surficial sediments and that methylation in surficial sediments is greatest from mid-July through September. In addition, the net rate of methylmercury production may be significantly affected by demethylation.
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay for Fertility Assessment

The integrity of mammalian sperm DNA is of prime importance for the paternal genetic contribution to normal offspring. Damaged DNA in the single sperm that fertilizes the female egg can have a dramatic negative impact on fetal development. This comprehensive and detailed unit presents a rapid, reliable, practical test for DNA integrity based on staining with acridine orange. SCSA data have been conclusively shown to predict sub/infertility. This assay is ideally suited to human and animal fertility clinics to assess male sperm DNA integrity as related to fertility potential and embryo development. The authors, who have decades of experience in studying sperm viability, provide extensive commentary and methodological tips, making this unit the most detailed method for this test published to date.
Tibial Plateau Fractures

AB is a 55-year-old female who presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of right leg pain after being struck by an automobile while crossing the street. She denies any other pain or complaints. On primary survey she demonstrates a GCS of 15, patent airway, and is hemodynamically stable. Secondary survey demonstrates a gross deformity of the proximal aspect of the right leg.
Learning scene entries and exits using coherent motion regions

We present a novel framework to reliably learn scene entry and exit locations using coherent motion regions formed by weak tracking data. We construct "entities" from weak tracking data at a frame level and then track the entities through time, producing a set of consistent spatio-temporal paths. Resultant entity entry and exit observations of the paths are then clustered and a reliability metric is used to score the behavior of each entry and exit zone. We present experimental results from various scenes and compare against other approaches.
Upper limit of vitamin E in infant formulas.

Reports of toxicity to enterally administered vitamin E are rare in infants. However, increased risks of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis have been reported after both enteral and parenteral vitamin E, primarily when plasma (or serum) vitamin E levels exceed 3.5 mg/dl. Levels this high are seldom seen with enteral vitamin E when intake is 25 mg d-alpha-tocopherol equivalent/(kg.d) or less. Intakes below this threshold will be provided by infant formulas with vitamin E to energy ratios of up to 20 mg/100 kcal (30 IU/100 kcal) so long as energy intake does not exceed 125 kcal/(kg.d). To allow a margin of safety, it would be reasonable to limit the amount of vitamin E added to the formula during its manufacture to half this amount, or 10 mg/100 kcal (15 IU/100 kcal). This level coincides with the highest levels of vitamin E found in human colostrum and is 20 times the recommended lower limit for vitamin E in infant formula of 0.5 mg/100 kcal.
Observer design for differentiable Lipschitz nonlinear systems with time-varying parameters

This paper develops observer design techniques in a unified framework for both time invariant and parameter varying Lipschitz nonlinear systems that are differentiable w.r.t. state variables. First, a new sufficient condition for asymptotic convergence is developed for both the extended Luenberger observer and a two-DOF nonlinear observer for time-invariant nonlinear systems. In addition to ensuring asymptotic convergence, extension of this observer design technique to optimization of a L2 performance criterion is presented, which enables the observer to handle the unknown disturbance inputs as well as ensure robustness to model uncertainty. Next, augmentation of this technique to parameter varying nonlinear (PVNL) systems is developed. Different from methods suggested in the LPV literature, a simple but non-conservative finite dimensional relaxation method for quadratic parameter dependent LMIs is presented. These results constitute perhaps the first systematic observer design methodology in literature for PVNL systems. Finally, a simulation result for vehicle slip angle estimation is presented to verify the performance of the developed observer design methods.
Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of staurosporine.

Abstract Staurosporine (Stsp), a protein kinase inhibitor, has been found to have a differential effect on the proliferation of normal and transformed cells in vitro. Hence, Stsp might be used in cancer therapy to arrest normal proliferating cells in G1, while permitting tumor cells to continue proliferation. The patient could then be treated with a therapeutic agent of maximum toxicity for actively proliferating tumor cells. To facilitate investigations of Stsp in vivo, we have developed an HPLC method for measuring the levels of Stsp in blood. Using a rat model, plasma containing Stsp is treated with acetone to precipitate proteins and extract the Stsp. The acetone extract is then subjected to reversed-phase HPLC on a μBondapak C18 column. Using a linear elution gradient of acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid, Stsp elutes as a sharp peak at ca. 35 min which can be detected by UV absorption at 292 nm. No blood or reagent components interfere with its quantification. The calibration curve, ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 μg Stsp, demonstrated a linear response to Stsp concentration having a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.990. Precision analysis demonstrated that the method will yield results that are ±11.6% from the mean 95% (two standard deviations) of the time. This method was used to measure Stsp levels in plasma after administering an injection of 0.2 mg Stsp into the jugular vein of rats. No Stsp could be detected in the plasma 5 min after injection, even though enough Stsp was administered to be easily detectable if it was simply contained in the plasma. Thus, it is concluded that some compartment other than the plasma must adsorb the Stsp from the plasma and sequester it in vivo.
Joint management of capacity and inventory in make-to-stock production systems with multi-class demand

We evaluate the benefits of coordinating capacity and inventory decisions in a make-to-stock production environment. We consider a firm that faces multi-class demand and has additional capacity options that are temporary and randomly available. We formulate the model as a Markov decision process (MDP) and prove that a solution to the optimal joint control problem exists. For several special cases we characterize the structure of the optimal policy. For the general case, however, we show that the optimal policy is state-dependent, and in many instances non-monotone and difficult to implement. Therefore, we consider three pragmatic heuristic policies and assess their performance. We show that the majority of the savings originate from the ability to dynamically adjust capacity, and that a simple heuristic that can adjust production capacity (based on workload fluctuation) but uses a static production/rationing policy can result in significant savings.
Publication Rate of Abstracts Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

BACKGROUND: Research projects are frequently presented at national meetings not only to make the data available, but also to further critically evaluate the project. The ultimate goal remains publication of the research. We assessed the publication rate of presentations at 1993-95 annual meetings.METHODS: All presentations at the scientific sessions were searched in the computerized database Melvyl MEDLINE and PubMed. The papers were categorized in 6 broad groups.RESULTS: The overall proportion of presentations that were published was 32%. Clinical papers in pediatrics had the highest publication rate, followed by basic science research in laryngology and plastics.CONCLUSION: The publication rate of 32% is lower than the rate at meetings in other fields, reflecting variability in selection criteria for the presentations and quality of abstracts presented. Basic science presentations did not have a greater publication rate as compared to clinical presentations.
A Vascular Connection to Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive and debilitating dementia in elderly people. The causes of this disease are not known, but major risk factors include old age and a family history of dementia, Down"s syndrome, female gender, low level of education, and head injury. There is no known cure for Alzheimer"s disease. The disease is characterized by abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide and the protein Tau in the nerve cells and extracellular space of certain regions of the brain. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is another marker for Alzheimer"s disease. In autopsies, small cerebral arterial blood vessels and capillaries show signs of inflammation, amyloid accumulations, and a focal breach of the blood-brain barrier. This review focuses on the results of recent investigations of vascular responses to infusion of amyloid-beta(1-40), the means of preventing vascular damage, using a live animal (rat) model, and the combination of intravital video recordings of the mesenteric microvascular bed with electron microscopic analyses of the same vascular segments. We propose that the cerebral vascular changes in patients with Alzheimer"s disease probably precede the neuronal damage and dementia.
Small body simulations for navigation approach and landing

Small body simulations have played a significant role in the planning and development of many recent missions to asteroids and comets.
Autoradiographic analysis of mu1, mu2, and delta opioid binding in the central nervous system of C57BL/6BY and CXBK (opioid receptor-deficient) mice.

The recent development of in vitro autoradiography techniques has enabled investigators to determine the distribution and relative levels of multiple ligand binding sites in discrete anatomical areas. In this study we used semi-quantitative in vitro autoradiography to compare the levels of binding to central mu1, mu2, and delta opioids sites in two strains of mice, C57BL/6BY and CXBK. The CXBK strain is known to be deficient in whole brain opioid binding sites and to be less sensitive than the C57 strain to the analgesic and locomotor stimulatory effects of opiates and opioids. Delta sites were visualized using [3H][d-Ala2-d-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADL) plus a low concentration of morphine, total mu sites (mu1 and mu2) were visualized using [3H]dihydromorphine (DHM), and mu2 sites were visualized using [3H]DHM plus a low concentration of DADL. Binding to mu1 sites was determined by subtracting mu2 binding from total mu binding. We found that the two strains did not consistently differ in the levels of delta sites; in some areas the CXBKs had lower levels but in many areas they had levels equal to or greater than those for the C57s. The CXBK strain, however, either had less or the same amount of mu binding as the C57 strain in all areas studied. The CXBK strain was especially deficient in mu1 binding, particularly in areas involved in pain processing.
Method for the design of diffractive optical elements through low-dimensional optimization

A method for the simulation and design of diffractive optical structures is presented. In this paper, we present a design of a finite diffractive-optic structure that has been generated by solving for the electromagnetic fields inside an optimization loop. The scalar electromagnetic fields are computed in the region of a two-dimensional diffractive-optic structure by solving the scalar Helmholtz equation, using the finite-difference method. This analysis process is inserted into a simulated annealing algorithm that designs the optimal structure by maximizing a predetermined figure of merit. Computationally efficient methods that allow for reasonable computational requirements are described, including the defining of structure parameters as relatively simple polynomial functions. This allows for changes in the structure to be made by the program while maintaining a small number of dimensions for the search by the simulated annealing algorithm.
Surgical complications and procedures in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Abstract We report our experience from May 1985 to January 1991 with surgical complications and procedures performed in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (218 venoarterial and 7 venovenous bypass). Eleven children older than 1 month were excluded. Total complications were 96 in 67 patients and included: bleeding (37), problems with initial cannula placement (17), thrombus formation (15), hemothorax, pneumothorax, or effusions (11), mechanical problems (11), and miscellaneous (5). Forty-eight procedures were performed in 37 patients while on ECMO. These were recannulation or reposition of cannulas (14), tube thoracostomy (11), cardiac surgery (6), cardiac catheterization (4), repair of congenital diaphragmatic hermia (5), thoracotomy (4), and others. Twenty-eight complications occurred in 15 of the 27 patients who died. Mortality rate was 12% for the entire group. Primary causes of death were hypoplastic lung (11), cardiac (8), sepsis (4), intraventricular hemorrhage (2), and pulmonary hypertension (2). No deaths were due solely to complications except for the two patients with intraventricular hemorrhage. Mortality in neonates who had complications while on ECMO was significantly higher ( P P
Spawning and Shedding Helical Magnetic Fields in the Solar Atmosphere

Measurements of the helical fields in interplanetary magnetic clouds have corroborated recent evidence that the magnetic fields in solar filaments in the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun are preferentially left-handed and right-handed heliform, respectively. In 13 cases out of 16, the chirality of magnetic clouds passing Earth about 4 days after a filament eruption or an eruptive solar flare corresponded to the predominant chirality in the hemisphere originating the solar event. Active regions and sunspots also indicate that helicity is segregated by hemisphere. Torque due to an equatorial jet stream beneath the photosphere may twist the fields.
Determination of Chloride in Aluminum Hydroxide Gels by Use of a Chloride-Selective Electrode

The determination of the chloride content of aluminum hydroxide wet gels and dried powders is important for the control of both in-process materials and finished products. The application of the chloride-selective electrode was studied, and the response was found to be Nernstian in slurries containing 0.010-4.0% Cl and 1.00–2.50% in Al2O3 over the pH range 5.7–7.8. The modest equipment costs and operator skill required and the rapidity commend the method.
Heritability of factors of the insulin resistance syndrome in women twins

The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is characterized by a combination of interrelated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, obesity and increases in triglyceride (TG), blood pressure, small low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL), and both fasting and postload plasma insulin and glucose. Using factor analysis, we previously identified 3 uncorrelated factors that explained 66% of the variance among these variables, based on data from women participating in examination 2 of the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins Study in Oakland, CA during 1989-1990. The factors were interpreted as: 1) body mass/fat distribution, 2) insulin/glucose, and 3) lipids: TG, HDL-C, LDL peak particle diameter. In this analysis, heritability of each of the factors was estimated based on data from 140 monozygotic and 96 dizygotic pairs of non-diabetic women twins. Heritability estimates were calculated using the classical approach, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach, and the maximum likelihood approach. For the body mass/fat distribution factor heritability estimates suggest moderate genetic influences; 0.61 (P 0.05), and 0.71 (P < 0.001), respectively. The insulin/glucose factor appeared to be highly heritable, with estimates of 0.87, 0.92, and 0.57 (all P < 0.001), respectively. The heritability estimates for the lipid factor were moderate and consistent across methods: 0.25 (P < 0.10), 0.32 (P < 0.05), and 0.30 (P < 0.05), respectively. These results are consistent with genetic influences on each of the 3 "factors," and suggest that both genetic and environmental effects are involved in the clustering of IRS risk factors.
CIA's organizational culture and the problem of reform

(1996). CIA's organizational culture and the problem of reform. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 249-269.
Paleobiogeography of Pseudotextularia elegans during the latest Maastrichtian global warming event

A latest Maastrichtian global warming event, which began approximately 450 k.y. and ended about 22 k.y. prior to the K/T boundary, is associated with the pole-ward migration of the warm-water planktonic foraminifer Pseudotextularia elegans. The warming event was apparently inititated by greenhouse warming due to the main outpouring of the Deccan Traps in India and is now well documented in the North and South Atlantic Oceans and in North America by the poleward migration of warm-water planktonic foraminifera and subtropical vegetation. A cooling trend ca 22 kyr prior to the K/T boundary caused marine δ18O values to return to climatic conditions recorded prior to the onset of warming and thus does not represent a significant change in long-term climate. Planktonic foraminifera responded by migration to the latest Maastrichtian global warming and cooling before their mass extinction at the K/T.
Reactions of 3-substituted pentacyanines with cyclopentadienide and cyclononatetraenide anions

Wolfgang Bauer and Ulrich Miiller-Westarhoff IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, California 95114 (Received in rJSA 17 Januaq~ 1972; received in IX for publication 7 Rbruary 1972) Although it Is well known 1) that the condensation of 1-dialkylamino-penta-1.3-dienylidene-5dialkylammonium salts (pentacyanines &X=H) with sodium-cyclopentadienide leads to 6-(4-dialkylamino-1.3-butadienyl)fulvenes (&X=H), we expected that the use of substituted pentacyanines with suitable leaving groups at C-3 (&X=OTS,C~,N(CH~)~) would provide 2 as well as 6.6-bis(2-dialkylaminovinyl)-fulvenes 2 , which interested us as potential intermediates for several non-benzenoid aromatics.
On a stochastic control problem with exit constraints

In this paper the logarithmic transformation of Fleming [1] is used to discuss a specific problem of controlled diffusions. The problem is to minimize a certain quadratic functional of the applied drift while satisfying the requirement that the place where the process exits a domain is not in a specified subset of its boundary. The main result is that the solution of this problem is given by the logarithm of a related exit probability.
The Sun as a Star

This is an exciting time for studies of the Sun. Ulysses, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and other missions daily return data that explore the radiative, magnetic, and seismologic nature of our nearest stellar neighbor. New and existing models of the origin and evolution of the Sun are becoming more complex and mature, as our database of knowledge on other stars—Sun-like and not so Sun-like—continues to expand. Perhaps most relevant to geophysicists is our increasing awareness of the role that the Sun has played, and continues to play, in the origin and evolution of the solar leftovers: those planets, satellites, and billions of asteroids and comets that we call the solar system.
Communication Styles of Children of Mothers with Affective Disorders, Chronic Medical Illness, and Normal Controls: A Contextual Perspective

Research has demonstrated impaired parent-child relationships in families with affective disorders. The present study examines the association of children's interactional style during a direct conflict-solving task to both the mother's interactional style and the child's diagnostic status. The sample includes 63 children, ages 8 to 16, of mothers with affective disorders, chronic medical illness, and normal controls. Children's dominant coping style profile (CS) (autonomous, neutral, or critical) was related to their mother's affective style (AS) (benign or negative). Affective disorder in the child at 6-month followup was associated with a critical CS profile at intake, while the child's nonaffective symptomatology was unrelated to CS. Findings indicate that children's affective disturbance is linked to interpersonal deficits in affectively charged situations. Results suggest that the child's CS is more strongly predicted by maternal aa than by either the child's or the mother's diagnostic status.
Familial aggregation of primary Raynaud's disease

Objective. To determine the occurrence of familial aggregation of primary Raynaud's disease. Methods. Twenty-three patients with primary Raynaud's disease and their first-degree relatives were assessed by questionnaire and, when possible, by physical examination. The same procedures were performed on the patients' spouses and the spouses' first-degree relatives, who served as the control group. Results. The prevalence of Raynaud's disease was significantly higher in the families of the probands than in the control families when assessed by questionnaire (26.1% versus 5.5%; P < 10−5), and by physical examination (11.2% versus 2.8%; P = 0.015). Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that there is significant familial aggregation of primary Raynaud's disease.
Long-term change of site response after the M W 9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan

The recent MW 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake is the largest recorded earthquake in Japan’s history. The Tohoku main shock and its aftershocks generated widespread strong shakings as large as ~3000 Gal along the east coast of Japan. Wu and Peng (2011) found clear drop of resonant frequency of up to 70% during the Tohoku main shock at 6 sites and correlation of resonance (peak) frequency and peak ground acceleration (PGA) during the main shock. Here we follow that study and systematically analyze long-term changes of material properties in the shallow crust from one year before to 5 months after the Tohoku main shock, using seismic data recorded by the Japanese Strong Motion Network KiK-Net. We use sliding window spectral ratios computed from a pair of surface and borehole stations to track the temporal changes in the site response of 6 sites. Our results show two stages of logarithmic recovery after a sharp drop of resonance frequency during the Tohoku main shock. The first stage is a rapid recovery within several hundred seconds to several hours, and the second stage is a slow recovery of more than five months. We also investigate whether the damage caused by the Tohoku main shock could make the near surface layers more susceptible to further damages, but we do not observe clear changes in susceptibility to further damage before and after the Tohoku main shock.
Does rater personality matter? A meta‐analysis of rater Big Five–performance rating relationships

We examined rater personality traits consistent with the Five-Factor Model as sources of systematic non-performance variance in job performance ratings using meta-analysis (k = 28). Several personality factors, including agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability, were related to performance ratings (ρ = .25, .12, and .12, respectively), and features of the rating context (e.g., study setting, appraisal purpose, accountability) moderated these relationships. Cumulatively, the Big Five accounted for between 6% and 22% of the variance in performance ratings. Implications for performance appraisal research and practice are discussed. Practitioner points Performance ratings serve a number of important functions in organizations, and their construct validity is a central issue. We identified rater personality traits, consistent with the Five-Factor Model, as sources of non-performance variance in performance ratings. To the extent that job performance ratings are contaminated by rater personality traits, requiring raters to justify their ratings may result in criterion scores that reflect greater levels of criterion relevance.
Intraseasonal to interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from eddy-resolving simulations and observations

Results from two 1/12° eddy-resolving simulations, together with data-based transport estimates at 26.5°N and 41°N, are used to investigate the temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during 2004–2012. There is a good agreement between the model and the observation for all components of the AMOC at 26.5°N, whereas the agreement at 41°N is primarily due to the Ekman transport. We found that (1) both observations and model results exhibit higher AMOC variability on seasonal and shorter time scales than on interannual and longer time scales; (2) on intraseasonal and interannual time scales, the AMOC variability is often coherent over a wide latitudinal range, but lacks an overall consistent coherent pattern over the entire North Atlantic; and (3) on seasonal time scales, the AMOC variability exhibits two distinct coherent regimes north and south of 20°N, due to different wind stress variability in the tropics and subtropics. The high AMOC variability south of 20°N in the tropical Atlantic comes primarily from the Ekman transport of the near-surface water, and is modulated to some extent by the transport of the Antarctic Intermediate water below the thermocline. These results highlight the importance of the surface wind in driving the AMOC variability.
A second harmonic generation study of copper underpotential deposition on gold

Les changements du signal lors de la generation optique de la seconde harmonique a la surface d'une electrode d'or (polycristal) pendant la deposition sous potentiel de cuivre
ECoG studies of valproate, carbamazepine and halothane in frontal-lobe epilepsy induced by head injury in the rat.

The use of electrocorticography (ECoG) with etiologically realistic epilepsy models promises to facilitate the discovery of better anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). However, this novel approach is labor intensive, and must be optimized. To this end, we employed rostral parasaggital fluid percussion injury (rpFPI) in the adolescent rat, which closely replicates human contusive closed head injury and results in posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). We systematically examined variables affecting the power to detect antiepileptic effects by ECoG and used a non-parametric bootstrap strategy to test several different statistics, study designs, statistical tests, and impact of non-responders. We found that logarithmically transformed data acquired in repeated-measures experiments provided the greatest statistical power to detect decreases in seizure frequencies of pre-clinical interest with just 8 subjects and with up to ~40% non-responders. We then used this optimized design to study the antiepileptic effects of acute exposure to halothane, and chronic (1 week) exposures to carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) one month post-injury. While CBZ was ineffective in all animals, VPA induced, during treatment, a progressive decrease in seizure frequency in animals primarily suffering from non-spreading neocortical seizures, but was ineffective in animals with high frequency of spreading seizures. Halothane powerfully blocked all seizure activity. The data show that rpFPI and chronic ECoG can conveniently be employed for evaluation of AEDs, suggest that VPA may be more effective than CBZ to treat some forms of PTE and support the theory that pharmacoresistance may depend on the severity of epilepsy. The data also demonstrate the utility of chronic exposures to experimental drugs in preclinical studies and highlight the need for greater attention to etiology in clinical studies of AEDs.
Bioterrorism and its impact on the emergency department

Abstract With the recent anthrax attacks, bioterrorism has become a reality in the United States. These attacks have changed our understanding of anthrax and the use of bioweapons (BWs). Emergency department staff will be the first line of defense against probable future attacks. It is therefore critical that medical personnel are trained to recognize, respond to, and manage BW attacks. Recognizing a BW attack requires an understanding of the specific signals indicating a possible outbreak, as well as knowledge of the agents that constitute the most likely threat. Responding to an attack involves the proper notification of public health and law enforcement officials, surveillance tools to alert the medical community, and appropriate communication with the public to prevent panic. Managing an attack, in addition to direct treatment of victims, involves hospital defensive actions and effective utilization of resources and staff. Fundamental to the entire process is appropriate education and training of medical staff. Current data indicates a need for more BWs training to ensure preparedness.
Increased Effects of Machining Damage in Beryllium Observed at High Strain Rates

Tensile tests at both low and high strain rates, and also impact shear tests, were performed on a weldable grade powder-source beryllium. Impact energies increased by a factor of 2 to 3 from the as-machined level after etching or annealing. Similar increases in the ductility from machining damage removal were observed from the tensile data at the higher strain rate (10 s/sup -1/) while an insignificant increase in elongation was measured at the lower strain rate (10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/). High strain-rate tests appear to be more sensitive and reliable for evaluating machining practice and damage removal methods for beryllium components subjected to sudden loads. 2 tables.
Proust’s Innovative Vision of Literature as Seen Through his Correspondence

Marcel Proust’s monumental correspondence is filled with information about the man Marcel Proust and his daily life, but reveals very little about his ideas on art and literature or about the novel that consumed his life, A la recherche du temps perdu. Most of his letters paint an extremely polite and even obsequious man overly concerned with pleasing his correspondents or with organizing his social life while others provide information about his personal life. When he mentions his writing, it is usually in connection with practical questions or information he is seeking. Very rarely does he discuss his novel or present his own ideas about art and literature. However, a handful of letters, out of thousands, in which he does discuss his literary project and his innovative vision of literature in some detail, show some sort of Proustian aesthetics that not only complements the theories he offers in Contre Sainte-Beuve and in Le Temps retrouve, the last volume of his novel, but also helps understand them better. This article is available in Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol36/iss1/4 Proust’s Innovative Vision of Literature As Seen Through his Correspondence Pascal Ifri Washington University “Avez-vous remarque que souvent les lettres d’un ecrivain sont superieures au reste de son œuvre?” (II 779) ‘Have you noticed how often a writer’s letters are superior to the rest of his work?’ (II 508), the comtesse d’Arpajon asks the guests of a dinner party in Marcel Proust’s Le Cote de Guermantes, The Guermantes Way. It is a remark that certainly does not apply to the author. His monumental correspondence, almost always hurriedly written and with no stylistic concern whatsoever, is filled with information about the man Proust and his daily life, but reveals surprisingly little about his ideas on art and literature or his novel A la recherche du temps perdu, Remembrance of Things Past. When it mentions his writing, it is usually in connection with practical questions or information he is seeking. Yet, it includes a handful of letters in which Proust does discuss his literary project or his novel in some detail or in which, trying to convince a publisher or else correcting misreadings or misunderstandings, he clearly states his novelistic intentions and explains his innovative vision of literature. Philip Kolb, the late American scholar who dedicated his life to the publication of Proust’s correspondence, estimated that the latter had written over one hundred thousand letters in his lifetime. Out of those, some 5,400, meaning about five percent, have been published. The vast majority of the others have disappeared forever, even though some new ones surface every year. A Correspondance generale of Proust was published in six volumes from 1930 to 1936, but one had to wait until the years 1970-93 to see the complete result of Kolb’s monumental work and the publication of the Cor1 Ifri: Proust’s Innovative Vision of Literature as Seen Through his Corr Published by New Prairie Press
Definability and Decision Problems in Arithmetic

In this paper, we are concerned with the arithmetical definability of certain notions of integers and rationals in terms of other notions. The results derived will be applied to obtain a negative solution of corresponding decision problems.In Section 1, we show that addition of positive integers can be defined arithmetically in terms of multiplication and the unary operation of successor S (where Sa = a + 1). Also, it is shown that both addition and multiplication can be defined arithmetically in terms of successor and the relation of divisibility | (where x|y means x divides y).
Chemical loading rates from precipitation in the Colorado Rockies

Chemical composition of bulk (= wet + dry) precipitation was measured at two stations in the Colorado Rocky Mountains for each of 150 consecutive weeks. The stations were located at 3000 m elevation approximately 6 km east of the Continental Divide and 40 km north of Denver. Chemical species routinely measured included particulate C, N, P and H; dissolved organic C, P and N; conductance and total alkalinity; SO 4 =, CI - , NO 3 - -N, NO 2 - -N, NH 4 + -N, Ca ++ , Mg ++ , Na + , K + , H 2 PO 4 - –P and H + . Particulates were deposited at a rate of 147 kg/ha/yr; C accounted for about 21% of this. The most important anions were total alkalinity expressed as bicarbonate (281 eq/ha/yr), SO 4 = (196 eq/ha/yr) and NO 3 - –N (129 eq/ha/yr). Among cations, Ca ++ was most important (200 eq/ha/yr) followed by H + (106 eq/ha/yr) and NH 4 + –N (89 eq/ha/yr). Conductance averaged 16 ?mho/cm. The composition of dry fallout was collected separately and analyzed for 70 weeks at a single station. Particulates accounted for 129 of the 169 kg/ha/yr total collected. Total alkalinity was by far the most important dry component and, expressed as HCO 3 - , accounted for 506 eq/ha/yr of the total 804 eq/ha/yr for anions. About 75% of the total inorganic phosphorous in bulk precipitation was from dry fallout. The composition of Como Creek precipitation is rather different from that of other sites reported in the literature. At Como Creek, comparatively low levels of SO 4 = are found simultaneously with comparatively high levels of H + . The surprisingly high levels of observed H + deposition at the only site in the Rocky Mountain west with a long-term, broad spectrum record signal the need for extended geographic coverage of precipitation chemistry in the western U.S. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1982.tb01794.x
The print media’s portrayal of the private prison

This article draws on a study of the print media’s portrayal of prison privatization, primarily in the USA. Findings reveal that privatization is portrayed as a practice closely associated with profit, efficiency, and overcrowding. Currently, the print media focuses on privatization’s external characteristics rather than on those internal traits more closely associated with inmates, staff, and issues of operational quality. Furthermore, the print media is portraying prison privatization more negatively now than at any time since its re-emergence nearly two decades ago.
Gray mold of green shiso (Perilla frutescens), caused by Botrytis cinerea, in California.

Shiso (Perilla frutescens) is a leafy herb in the Lamiaceae family and is widely used in Japanese and other Asian cuisine for cooking, pickling, oil (from the seeds), and garnish. A number of shiso types are used, though the most common are green shiso (ao-shiso) and red shiso (aka-shiso). In the winter months of 2010 and early spring 2011, a foliar blight disease developed on greenhouse-grown green shiso produced in Ventura County, CA. Initial symptoms were angular, dull green leaf lesions on older foliage. Such lesions often were initiated along leaf edges. As the disease progressed, lesions turned gray green, expanded, and could affect most of the leaf surface. Lesion tissue became dry and papery in texture; signs of a pathogen were not present. Tests for bacterial agents were negative. However, a fungus was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves. Isolates of this fungus were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in petri plates incubated under fluorescent lights and were identified as Botrytis cinerea (1). On PDA, mycelial growth was gray brown and conidiophores measured 2 mm or longer and were branched at the terminals. Conidia were aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoidal, and measured (6.5-) 8.4 to 9.2 (-12.0) × (6.1-) 6.8 to 8.0 (-9.5) μm. Sclerotia were not present. Pathogenicity of four isolates was tested by spraying conidial suspensions (1 × 105 conidia/ml) until runoff onto sets of potted green and red shiso plants. Each set consisted of six wounded (leaf tips cut) and six unwounded plants. Plants were enclosed in plastic bags for 48 h and then maintained at 22 to 24°C in a greenhouse. After 4 days, leaf lesions developed on both wounded and unwounded leaves of green and red shiso. The resulting symptoms were similar to those observed in commercial production and B. cinerea was recovered from symptomatic tissue. Non-inoculated, wounded, and unwounded red and green shiso plants were sprayed with distilled water and did not develop symptoms. This experiment was conducted two times and results were the same. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gray mold of shiso in the United States caused by B. cinerea. The disease caused significant damage to the shiso crop because symptomatic leaves are unacceptable for market. In 2010, the greenhouse facility that contained the diseased shiso had numerous leaks in the roof; winter rains that occurred during this time therefore resulted in higher free moisture and humidity in the growing area, which likely provided optimum environmental conditions for the pathogen to infect and cause disease on shiso. Reference: (1) M. B. Ellis and J. M. Waller. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. No. 431, 1974.
F-16 Ventral Fin Buffet Alleviation Using Piezoelectric Actuators

Abstract : Buffet-induced vibrations can have a disastrous impact on aircraft structures. Early attempts at combating buffet vibrations included passive methods such as structural enhancements and leading edge fences. Active methods have shown greater promise, including active airflow control, control surface modulation, and active structural control using piezoelectric actuators. Surface mounted piezoelectric actuators impart directional strain reducing the negative effects associated with harmful vibration. The Block-15 F-16 ventral fin represents an aircraft structure prone to failure when subjected to the buffet field from the wake of a LANTIRN pod. This research takes advantage of the susceptibility to buffet vibration of the Block 15 ventral fin in an effort to design an active control system to alleviate vibrations using piezoelectric actuators and sensors and to demonstrate its capability during flight test. It was sponsored by the United States Air Force (USAF) Test Pilot School (TPS). The development of an active control system began with the specification of piezoelectric actuators and sensors to be used in a collocated design to alleviate the vibrations of the first two modes of the ventral fin. A switching amplifier was designed and built to drive the actuators during all phases of testing. For the piezoelectric actuators to be effective, they needed to be located within the regions of highest strain energy and aligned with the principal strain vectors in those regions, the direction of principle strain was experimentally determined to ensure the proper orientation of the piezoelectric hardware on the ventral fin's surface. Two control techniques were used in this research: positive position feedback and Linear Quadratic Gaussian compensator.
Discovery of a Cytokinin Deaminase

An enzyme of unknown function within the amidohydrolase superfamily was discovered to catalyze the hydrolysis of N-6-substituted adenine derivatives, several of which are cytokinins. Cytokinins are a common type of plant hormone and N-6-substituted adenines are also found as modifications to tRNA. Patl2390, from Pseudoalteromonas atlantica T6c, was shown to hydrolytically deaminate N-6-isopentenyladenine to hypoxanthine and isopentenylamine with a kcat/Km of 1.2 � 10 7 M � 1 s � 1 . Additional substrates include N-6-benzyl adenine, cis- and trans-zeatin, kinetin, O-6-methylguanine, N-6-butyladenine, N-6-methyladenine, N,N-dimethyladenine, 6-methoxypurine, 6-chloropurine, and 6-thiomethylpurine.Thisenzymedoesnotcatalyzethedeaminationofadenineoradenosine. Acomparative modelofPatl2390 was computedusingthethree-dimensionalcrystalstructureofPa0148(PDBcode3PAO)asastructuraltemplate,anddockingwasused to refine the model to accommodate experimentally identified substrates. This is the first identification of an enzyme that will hydrolyze an N-6-substituted side chain larger than methylamine from adenine.
P02.30. Assessment of hypnotizability in clincal research: development, reliability, and validation of the Elkins Hynotizability Scale

Purpose Hypnotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for some conditions such as pain, anxiety, chemotherapy side effects, and hot flashes. Measurement of hypnotizability is essential for research. There are a number of scales that have been developed to measure hypnotizbility in clincal research. However, the currently available scales suffer from a number of important shortcomings such as time for administration, validity concerns, and item difficulty. As a result, hypnotizability is rarely measured in clinical work and research has been limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a new scale to measure hypnotizability that met the following criteria: (1) administration in 30 minutes or less; (2) correlation of .80 or better with the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale; and (3) improved item selection.
El acto-espacio femenino, su definición y la matriz de representación [MR], en La familia de Pascual Duarte

In another essay I have written about the existence of a masculinity code that determines Pascual Duarte’s behavior in Camilo Jose Cela’s novel La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942). In this essay I propose the existence of an economy, the economy of the social act-space in charge of the strategies of management, regulation and delimitation of each one’s acts. More precisely, it is the patriarchal economy that might as well include any other definition in the purely economic sense. This essay shows how the representation of women in the novel obeys the rules of that economy as a contrapart of the masculinist code. In the novel, the observed acts define women, but it is the reproduction of the patriarchal system by men/women and the subjection of these last to a social act-space conferred by the before mentioned economy. Thus, the masculine identity defines, by parallelism, the one for women. Women’s identity is not defined from their own perspective, in order for women to have an identity there is a requirement of two, and one, the first one, must be for men. A matrix representation [MR], using a conglomerate of adjectives describing different women in the novel is given.
Hamster diphtheria toxin receptor: a naturally occurring chimera of monkey and mouse HB-EGF precursors.

Abstract The sensitivity of mammalian cell lines to diphtheria toxin (DT) varies between species. Monkey (Mk) Vero cells are highly sensitive to DT, whereas rat and mouse (Ms) cells are resistant; hamster (Hm) cells display moderate DT sensitivity. The precursor of the Mk heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (proHB-EGF) functions as a DT receptor but the Ms proHB-EGF does not. In this study we have cloned, expressed, and characterized the Hm proHB-EGF/DT receptor. The expression of Hm proHB-EGF confers moderate DT sensitivity to normally DT-resistant mouse cells. The amino acid sequence of Hm preproHB-EGF shows that, overall, it more closely resembles the Ms preproHB-EGF sequence, except in the DT-binding region where it more closely resembles the Mk sequence. In the DT-binding region the Hm proHB-EGF sequence differs from the Mk proHB-EGF in only four amino acid residues (124, 126, 133, and 147); one of these residues, Ile133in Mk proHB-EGF, has been previously reported to be important for DT binding and sensitivity. Analysis of Mk proHB-EGF mutants with residues substituted for Ile133suggests that Asn133in Hm proHB-EGF may be responsible for the moderate DT sensitivity of Hm proHB-EGF-expressing cells.
Leukotaxis and serum immunoglobulins in the aged

Simultaneous assessments of PMN chemotactic and thermotactic responses and serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were carried out in 20 young (18–33 years) and 17 aged (61–91 years) community volunteers. IgG correlated significantly with thermotaxis in the young group and with chemotaxis in the old group. The significant correlations that emerged provide support for the existence of relationships between serum Ig levels and PMN leukotactic responses.