cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the minimum energy hypothesis and other potential optimality criteria for human running

A popular hypothesis for human running is that gait mechanics and muscular activity are optimized in order to minimize the cost of transport (CoT). Humans running at any particular speed appear to naturally select a stride length that maintains a low CoT when compared with other possible stride lengths. However, it is unknown if the nervous system prioritizes the CoT itself for minimization, or if some other quantity is minimized and a low CoT is a consequential effect. To address this question, we generated predictive computer simulations of running using an anatomically inspired musculoskeletal model and compared the results with data collected from human runners. Three simulations were generated by minimizing the CoT, the total muscle activation or the total muscle stress, respectively. While all the simulations qualitatively resembled real human running, minimizing activation predicted the most realistic joint angles and timing of muscular activity. While minimizing the CoT naturally predicted the lowest CoT, minimizing activation predicted a more realistic CoT in comparison with the experimental mean. The results suggest a potential control strategy centred on muscle activation for economical running.
The MacArthur foundation depression education program for primary care physicians: background, participant's workbook, and facilitator's guide

Abstract In order to improve the assessment and management of depression in general medical care, the f ohn D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supported the development, evaluation, and dissemination of an eight-hour depression education program (DEP) for primary care physicians. This publication includes a paper describing the background and educational rationale for the program structure, the complete participant's workbook, and a facilitator's guide for teaching the program. Given in two separate four-hour workshops by a psychiatrist and a primary care physician, DEP is delivered to small groups of learners (about 12) using an interactive adult learning model and multiple teaching techniques including targeted yet flexible objectives, two lectures, videotape demonstration and discussion, role-play exercises, a focused monograph on depression, an interview checklist, structured assessment and outcomes tools, clinical case studies, and audiotape review of actual patient interviews. DEP has been shown in a prospective' randomized trial to improve physicians' interviewing skills as well as' simulated-patient satisfaction scores. Over 150 PCPs in four states have taken DEP in more than 30 separate programs given by 24 trained facilitators. Participants, despite a wide diversity of background knowledge and skills, have uniformly reported remarkably positive learner satisfaction with all dimensions of the Program.
Linear imaging of gas velocity using the photothermal deflection effect.

A new technique for measuring a single spatial component of gas velocity at many points simultaneously along a line using the laser-induced photothermal deflection effect is presented. In this technique a pump beam from a CO2 laser is focused and crossed with a planar probe beam from an argon laser above a low velocity gas jet. When the CO2 laser is pulsed, an ethylene/nitrogen mixture flowing out of the jet absorbs it; the resulting temperature and index of refraction gradient deflects the probe beam plane. The velocity distribution across the jet strongly affects the shape and amplitude of the probe beam deflection. The deflection is recorded with a high-speed 2-D array camera and the images are processed to give the velocity distribution across the jet. Velocities were measured for four different flow rates and also for a shear layer. The velocity distributions have the expected parabolic shape and the peak velocities agree with those calculated from the flow rate. A previously derived expression for the deflection angle was used to calculate the deflection of the planar probe beam as a function of time. The calculated images appear very similar to the measured ones.
Funding Public Transportation Through Special Assessment Districts Addressing the Equity Concerns

Little scholarly attention has been paid to the equity impacts of special assessment districts (SADs) established to fund public transportation projects. This article uses three recent public transportation projects funded using SADs in the United States and finds that the case study SADs’ performance is mixed. Although the districts use a variety of criteria, such as property value, parcel area, and distance from the transportation project, to calculate assessments in a way that promotes horizontal equity, the assessment methodologies do not take into account the disamenity associated with certain elements of public transportation projects, such as the rail line. Furthermore, owner-occupied residential properties are often exempt from paying assessments to garner support for SADs, rather than to satisfy equity concerns. Finally, the low-interest, long-term payment of assessments enhances vertical equity which can be further enhanced if assessment exemptions or deferments are consistently provided to seniors on fixed incoous and low-income households.
Mach number and Reynolds number effect on orbiter/tank interference heating.

Analysis of the variations in orbiter/tank interference heating rates in the Space Shuttle configuration at M numbers up to 19 and Re numbers down to 250,000. Experimental data on heat transfer rate distribution in the tank and on orbiter-induced interference heat transfer factors in the tank are included in diagrams. The data suggest that the primary effect of interference can be a fully developed turbulent boundary layer.
NH-NH vector correlation in peptides by solid-state NMR.

Abstract We present a novel solid-state magic angle-spinning NMR method for measuring the NHi–NHi+1 projection angle θi,i+1 in peptides. The experiment is applicable to uniformly 15N-labeled peptides and is demonstrated on the chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl- l -Met- l -Leu- l -Phe. The projection angle θi,i+1 is directly related to the peptide backbone torsion angles φi and ψi. The method utilizes the T-MREV recoupling scheme to restore 15N–1H interactions, and proton-mediated spin diffusion to establish 15N–15N correlations. T-MREV has recently been shown to increase the dynamic range of the 15N–1H recoupling by γ-encoding, and permits an accurate determination of the recoupled NH dipolar interaction. The results are interpreted in a quasi-analytical fashion that permits efficient extraction of the structural parameters.
Micromachined W-band polymeric tunable iris filter

A tunable filter working in the W-band spectrum has been successfully demonstrated using a combined plastic molding and electroplating process. The prototype filter architecture has two deformable membranes of 1.6 mm in diameter on top of a WR-10 waveguide based, two-cavity, polymeric iris filter. The membranes can be actively adjusted to deform and alter the cavity geometry concurrently for frequency tuning applications. The tunable filter was simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator and theoretically analyzed using the perturbation method. Experimentally, a prototype band-pass filter has bandwidth of 4.05 GHz centered at 94.79 GHz and a minimum insertion loss of 2.37 dB with return loss better than 15 dB. As a tunable filter, a total of 2.59 GHz center frequency change has been recorded when the membranes deflected from 50 μm into, to 150 μm out of the waveguide. These results imply that the demonstrated tunable filter could be potentially applicable for waveguide-based mm-wave systems.
The Decomposition of Transition Metal Tetrafluoroborates by some strong Base Ligands

Abstract Some transition metal complexes of triethylene-diamine (TED, I) and quinuclidine (Q, II) have been reported.1–5 Recently we treated I and II with metal bistetrafluoroborates (M=Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) which have not been studied yet, and postulated that pure coordination complexes might be obtained. However, evidence for the existence of 1:1 adducts such as C6H12N2:BF3 (III) and C7H13N:BF2 (IV) in treatment of I and II with metal bistetrafluoroborates has now been found. We wish to describe our results concerning formation of these two new 1:1 adducts in this letter.
Potential Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Males, by Whether It Occurred at or After Sexual Debut

This study compares risk behavior in men with no history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) with men with CSA histories that had occurred at sexual debut versus after debut. Using random-digit dialing from half the zip code areas of Philadelphia, information is retrieved from 197 men about CSA; first willing sex; and other sexual, drug, and legal histories. Forty-three (22%) participants have CSA histories, 35 at debut and 5 after debut. When their risk behaviors are compared to men without CSA (n = 154), the at-debut subgroup is found to have the highest rates, the after-debut subgroup is found to have the lowest rates, and the no-CSA subgroup rates are in the middle. This ordering is significant (p Language: en
Compositions of theta correspondences

Theta correspondence y over R is established by Howe (J. Amer. Math. Soc. 2 (1989) 535). In He (J. Funct. Anal. 199 (2003) 92), we prove that y preserves unitarity under certain restrictions, generalizing the result of Li (Invent. Math. 97 (1989) 237). The goal of this paper is to elucidate the idea of constructing unitary representation through the propagation of theta correspondences. We show that under a natural condition on the sizes of the related dual pairs which can be predicted by the orbit method (J. Algebra 190 (1997) 518; Representation Theory of Lie Groups, Park City, 1998, pp. 179–238; The Orbit Correspondence for real and complex reductive dual pairs, preprint, 2001), one can compose theta correspondences to obtain unitary representations. We call this process quantum induction. r 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. MSC: primary 22E45; 22E46
Clinical review: Identifying children at risk for polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appears to arise as a complex trait with contributions from both heritable and nonheritable factors. Polygenic influences appear to account for about 70% of the variance in pathogenesis. In view of this evidence for congenital contributions to the syndrome, childhood manifestations may be expected. Objective: The objective has been to review the evidence that risk factors for PCOS can be recognized in childhood. Design: This study consisted of screening of the PCOS literature for articles pertaining to potential childhood and adolescent antecedents. Results: Congenital virilizing disorders; above average or low birth weight for gestational age; premature adrenarche, particularly exaggerated adrenarche; atypical sexual precocity; or intractable obesity with acanthosis nigricans, metabolic syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing syndrome or pseudo-acromegaly in early childhood have been identified as independent prepubertal risk factors for the development of PCOS. During adol...
Thermoradiotherapy for superficial tumour deposits in the head and neck

Tumour deposits in the head and neck region were treated with hyperthermia using 915 MHz external microwave applicators and radiation therapy between 1986 and 1990. The mean (± SE) radiation dose was 47 ± 2 Gy (range 21–77 Gy). All but four patients had failed previous therapy. Mean tumour volume was 40 ± 10 cm3 (range 0·3–276 cm3). Hyperthermia was administered biweekly in 80% of the patients in 6·0 ± 0·4 sessions (range 1–10); thermometry involved 3·6 ± 0·4 catheters (range 1–9) and 5·7 ± 0·4 sensors (range 1–12) per tumour. Of the 50 lesions evaluable for response, 29 had a complete response (58%), and 20 had a partial response (40%). Lesions were stratified by depth. In tumours considered potentially heatable (i.e. depth ≤ 3 cm and lateral dimensions at least 2 cm less than boundary of applicator), the complete response rate was 81% (26/32, 47 ± 2 Gy, 15 ± 3 cm3); whereas for patients with tumours deeper than 3 cm, the complete response rate was 17% (3/18, 48 ± 3 Gy, 110 ± 21 cm3), p = 0·0001. Among l...
The impact of a naturalistic hands-free cellular phone task on heart rate and simulated driving performance in two age groups

Heart rate and driving performance were assessed while late middle age (51–66) and younger adults (19–23) engaged in a naturalistic hands free phone task that was designed to place objectively equivalent cognitive demands on all participants. Although heart rate measures have been used in evaluating driver workload, prior studies had not compared responses in late middle age and younger adults with samples of sufficient size to begin to explore possible age relationships. In an evaluation of 37 participants, the two age groups displayed equivalent performance on the cellular telephone task and concurrent decrements in speed control (SD velocity). It was observed that the late middle age subjects drove more slowly overall and, as a group, did not demonstrate heart rate acceleration in response to the phone conversation that was seen in younger drivers. The possibility that age group differences in heart rate response are related to individual differences in attentional focus is raised. While there are significant reasons to discourage all individuals from engaging in phone conversations and other distracting tasks while driving, late middle age adults appeared as capable as young adults of managing the additional workload of a low to moderately demanding cognitive task of the type assessed. The tendency of individuals to adopt self-regulatory behaviors, such as a lower overall driving speed, as a function of age/experience may account for the equivalence in overt performance.
Neurocognitive Changes After Coronary Bypass Surgery

In this issue of Circulation , Djaiani and associates report that the processing of shed blood with a cell saver resulted in a significant reduction in postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in elderly patients.1 The authors further implied that this significant improvement in neurocognition was a result of less lipid embolization in those patients in whom a cell saver was used. The study was a randomized double-blinded trial that compared the use of a cell saver with cardiotomy suction (defined as control). Cardiotomy suction is a standard component of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), in which shed blood in the mediastinum is suctioned to a venous reservoir, where it is collected and then periodically reinfused through the arterial circuit to the patient. This technique was not used in patients in the cell saver group, but rather shed blood was suctioned via the cell saver system and processed, and red blood cells alone were infused to the patient through a similar arterial circuit. A standard 32-μm filter was used in the arterial pressure line in both groups. Article p 1888 Elderly patients who underwent CABG were chosen because it has been documented that these individuals are at increased risk to develop neurological dysfunction after cardiac surgery. The study was powered (n=209) to see a 50% reduction in cognitive dysfunction with additional patients added (for a total of 226 patients) to compensate for potential drop out, which turned out to be similar in both groups. The primary end point of neurocognitive evaluation was based on a battery of standardized and validated tests used to assess neuropsychological outcome. Evaluation was done at baseline and on follow-up at 6 weeks. In addition to neurocognitive decline, Figure 1 in Djaiani et al also demonstrates improvement in the battery of 12 tests documenting …
Commentary: Déjà Vu All Over Again: What’s Wrong With Hart & Risley and a "Linguistic Deficit" Framework in Early Childhood Education?

In this invited article, the author critiques some of the most often-cited scholarship on children’s early language development and its relationship to children’s learning. She suggests that Hart and Risley’s work, Meaningful Differences, adopts an implicit deficit perspective, and makes unwarranted claims about the impact of children’s early language on their later thinking and learning abilities. In contrast, she proposes an alternative framework that validates the rich and generative language capacities that children bring with them to school (including poor children, dual-language learners, ethnolinguistic minority children, and children who struggle in school). She argues that using "vocabulary size" or "language deficits" as an explanation for school failure locates school failure in children (with no credible basis) rather than in schools as places where children are failing to, but can, under the right circumstances, learn extraordinarily well.
Acute Exposure to Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Adulthood Causes Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Later in Life and Accelerates Reproductive Aging in Female Mice.

Humans are ubiquitously exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is an environmental toxicant incorporated in consumer products. Studies have shown that DEHP targets the ovary to disrupt essential processes required for reproductive and nonreproductive health. Specifically, 10-day exposure to DEHP accelerates primordial follicle recruitment and disrupts estrous cyclicity in adult mice. However, it is unknown if these effects on folliculogenesis and cyclicity following acute DEHP exposure can have permanent effects on reproductive outcomes. Further, the premature depletion of primordial follicles can cause early reproductive senescence, and it is unknown if acute DEHP exposure accelerates reproductive aging. This study tested the hypothesis that acute DEHP exposure causes infertility, disrupts estrous cyclicity, alters hormone levels, and depletes follicle numbers by inducing atresia later in life, leading to accelerated reproductive aging. Adult CD-1 mice were orally dosed with vehicle or DEHP (20 μg/kg/day-500 mg/kg/day) daily for 10 days, and reproductive outcomes were assessed at 6 and 9 months postdosing. Acute DEHP exposure significantly altered estrous cyclicity compared to controls at 6 and 9 months postdosing by increasing the percentage of days the mice were in estrus and metestrus/diestrus, respectively. DEHP also significantly decreased inhibin B levels compared to controls at 9 months postdosing. Further, DEHP significantly increased the BAX/BCL2 ratio in primordial follicles leading to a significant decrease in primordial and total follicle numbers compared to controls at 9 months postdosing. Collectively, the adverse effects present following acute DEHP exposure persist later in life and are consistent with accelerated reproductive aging.
Safety of Manual Morcellation After Vaginal or Laparoscopic-assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy.

Abstract Study Objective To determine the safety of manual vaginal morcellation by evaluating the rates of incidental uterine malignancy and manual vaginal morcellation after vaginal or laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Design Retrospective analysis (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Patients Women (n = 1,629) undergoing vaginal or laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Interventions Vaginal hysterectomy (n = 1,091) or laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (n = 538) with and without scalpel morcellation. Measurements and Main Results The number of uterine malignancies, rate of vaginal morcellation, surgical indications, pathology diagnoses, and uterine weights were evaluated. Chi-square analysis was used to compare categoric data, and analysis of variance was used to compare uterine weights. There were no cases of leiomyosarcomas. There were 2 other sarcomas, 4 smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and 8 endometrial adenocarcinomas. The vaginal morcellation rate was 19.4%, but no malignancy was morcellated. Myomas were more common preoperatively and histologically in morcellated specimens. Mean (± standard deviation) uterine weights for morcellated versus nonmorcellated laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy specimens were 285.5 ± 159.3 versus 140.1 ± 83.6 g (p Conclusion Vaginal manual morcellation is safe with a low risk of incidental malignancy. Variables that influence the decision for the vaginal approach may also affect malignancy risk and morcellation decisions. Thus, all patients undergoing vaginal or laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy should be counseled regarding incidental malignancy, risk of morcellation, and alternatives for intact specimen removal.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Sprays and Aerosols against the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

We evaluated the residual efficacy of four liquid sprays and four ready-to-use aerosols that are commonly used in the U.S. against a field-collected bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., strain with moderate resistance level to pyrethroids. The four liquid sprays were: Tandem (0.1% thiamethoxam, 0.03% lambda-cyhalothrin), Temprid SC (0.05% imidacloprid, 0.025% cyfluthrin), Transport GHP (0.05% acetamiprid, 0.06% bifenthrin), and Demand CS (0.03% lambda-cyhalothrin). The four aerosols were: Alpine (0.5% dinotefuran), Bedlam (0.4% sumithrin, 1.6% MGK 264), Bedlam Plus (0.4% sumithrin, 1% MGK 264, 0.05% imidacloprid), and Phantom (0.5% chlorfenapyr). Bed bugs were confined for 4 h to treated substrates (aged 24 h). Four substrates were tested: fabric, unpainted wood, painted wood, and vinyl. Bedlam, Demand CS, and Temprid SC resulted in ≤70% mortality on all tested substrates. Among the other five products, substrate type significantly affected their residual efficacy, except for Transport GHP, which caused ≥89.7% mortality regardless of the substrate. The effect of exposure time (5 min, 4 h, and 24 h) on the efficacy of Transport GHP and Phantom aerosol also was evaluated. A 4 h continuous exposure to Phantom aerosol or Transport GHP residue caused similar mortality to 24 h exposure and higher mortality than 5 min exposure.
Auf Den Spuren von Hauptmanns Florian Geyer (I)

Gerhart Hauptmann hat in seinem Florian Geyer den groβzugigen Versuch gemacht, eine um vier Jahrhunderte zuruckliegende Zeit mit den Mitteln naturalistischer Technik auf der Buhne lebendig zu machen. Dem Drama in seiner Eigenschaft als Wortkunstwerk gegenuber stellte sich der Dichter die Forderung, einen Dialog zu schaffen, der im Leser und Horer die Illusion erwecken musse, er vernehme unmittelbar die Sprache von Menschen der deutschen Reformationszeit, genau so, als ware der Dialog vor vier Jahrhunderten auf Schallplatten aufgenommen und fur unsre Zeit aufbewahrt worden. Es galt mithin, den Satzbau, die Wortformen, den Wortschatz und die ganze Fulle jener bildlichen Wendungen, die den charakteristischen Stil einer Epoche ausmachen, mit moglichster Treue nachzubilden. Um dieses Ziel auch nur annahernd zu erreichen, war—von der hoheren, eigentlich schopferischen Befahigung ganz abgesehen—zweierlei vonnoten: erstens eine auβerordentliche Gabe der Einfuhlung in das Leben einer vergangenen Zeit und sodann ein gewissenhaftes Studium des aus jener Zeit uberlieferten Schrifttums.
New approaches to reversing oral anticoagulant therapy. Introduction.

Oral anticoagulant therapy is used to prevent thromboembolism in patients with a variety of conditions, including nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and venous thrombosis, and in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery. Excessive anticoagulation can lead to bleeding (e.g., intracranial
Empirical estimation of sequencing error rates using smoothing splines

Next-generation sequencing has been used by investigators to address a diverse range of biological problems through, for example, polymorphism and mutation discovery and microRNA profiling. However, compared to conventional sequencing, the error rates for next-generation sequencing are often higher, which impacts the downstream genomic analysis. Recently, Wang et al. (BMC Bioinformatics 13:185, 2012) proposed a shadow regression approach to estimate the error rates for next-generation sequencing data based on the assumption of a linear relationship between the number of reads sequenced and the number of reads containing errors (denoted as shadows). However, this linear read-shadow relationship may not be appropriate for all types of sequence data. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the error rates in a more reliable way without assuming linearity. We proposed an empirical error rate estimation approach that employs cubic and robust smoothing splines to model the relationship between the number of reads sequenced and the number of shadows. We performed simulation studies using a frequency-based approach to generate the read and shadow counts directly, which can mimic the real sequence counts data structure. Using simulation, we investigated the performance of the proposed approach and compared it to that of shadow linear regression. The proposed approach provided more accurate error rate estimations than the shadow linear regression approach for all the scenarios tested. We also applied the proposed approach to assess the error rates for the sequence data from the MicroArray Quality Control project, a mutation screening study, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project, and bacteriophage PhiX DNA samples. The proposed empirical error rate estimation approach does not assume a linear relationship between the error-free read and shadow counts and provides more accurate estimations of error rates for next-generation, short-read sequencing data.
Front Tracking Method for Multi-Fluid Collision

For the problem of multi-fluid collision,a kind of front tracking method for capturing interfaces of multiple materials was studied.In the research of front tracking method,based on the known front tracking software FronTier,some codes and blocks were modified and added to the software so as to deal with the complex topology structure of the multi-fluid collision problem.From numerical results for the multi-fluid collision problem,it is shown that the results by the new method be effective and coincide with that by theoretical analysis.
Endoscopic Surgery of the Frontal Sinus

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has affected significantly the treatment of infectious and benign tumors of the paranasal sinuses. With an advanced understanding of the anatomy of the frontal recess and frontal sinus, this area can be treated successfully with endoscopic surgery, avoiding traditional open, obliterative techniques. This article discusses the anatomy of the frontal recess and frontal sinus and describes four illustrative cases.
Evolution and Outlook of the ETF Market: From a Trickle to a Mighty Roar

The quite laborious beginning of what many consider to be the first exchange-traded fund (ETF) belies the strong growth and market acceptance that ETFs have enjoyed for the past 15 years or so. After that first ETF finally took off in the late 1990s, it shepherded the rise of a new concept in indexing that is enjoying remarkable success to this day. ETFs have finally become a mainstream investment tool both for individual and for institutional investors.
Hemiplegia with Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis

A 2-year-old boy who developed a thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus due to inherited protein S deficiency is reported from the Hospital de Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain.
An Intelligent Active Database

Satellite technical analysts fill a very important role in keeping satellites operating properly. In situations where these technical analysts are not available, such as with mobile satellite ground stations, Aritficial Intelligence software has been developed to provide for some of that expertise. Genesis is an intelligent active database designed to monitor real-time satellite health and status telemetry, translating the actual telemetry data into contextually relevant single point symbolic data, maintaining a history of the data, and checking the data for "interesting" events. Interesting events are when the telemetry data, symbolic data, and historical data do not fulfill Genesis' expectations. When Genesis notices an expectation failure, Genesis initiates the diagnosis and resolution process.
Autoimmunity in Patients (pts) with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML): A Frequent Finding

Abstract 4930 Background: Autoimmune disorders have been observed in pts with myeloid neoplasms but their frequency and impact on the natural history of the myeloid neoplasms remains to be defined. Aim: To describe the frequency and prognostic impact of autoimmunity in pts with CMML. Methods: After IRB approval, a retrospective chart review of all pts diagnosed with CMML at Mayo Clinic between 1994 – 2011. Autoimmunity (AI) was defined as positive serologic tests (Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti –cyclic citrullinate peptide (CCP), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)), diagnosis of connective tissue disease (Rheumatoid arthritis, RA), vasculitis, or auto-immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression model for multivariate analysis for via JMP software v. 9. Results: During the study period, 288 pts with CMML were evaluated at Mayo Clinic, 35% (n=100) were female. Median age at diagnosis was 71yr (20–95). Median hemoglobin was 11 g/dL(6–16), median white blood cell (WBC) 12 x109/L (1–302), and median platelet count 86 x109/L (1–1110). Median peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) blasts were 0 and 5 respectively, while median PB and BM monocytes were 20% and 8% respectively. Eight-nine percent of pts had CMML1, while 10% had CMML2 and only 2 pts had CMML transforming into acute myeloid leukemia (-t). Karyotype analysis performed in demonstrated normal (diploid) karyotype in 180 (63%) pts and complex karyotype in 31 pts (11%). JAK2 mutation analysis was performed in 76 pts, 13% (10/76) of which were positive for JAK2V617F mutation. Autoimmunity was found in 46 (16%) of 288 pts. When tested, positive ANA, RF, CCP, and ANCA were found in 28/89 (31%), 8/61 (13%), 1/20 (5%), and 7/25 (28%), respectively. However, RA was reported positive in 6/288 (2%), and vasculitis was reported in only 4 pts. Median overall survival of the 288 patients was 496 days. Pts with evidence of autoimmunity had a median survival of 400 days compared to 527 days to the rest of the group (p 0. 73). On multivariate analysis, autoimmunity was not an independent risk factor for survival (p 0. 15), but age, platelets, WBC and body mass index (BMI) were independent factors. Conclusion: Autoimmunity is a frequent finding in pts with CMML. When tested, autoimmune antibodies were very frequent up to 31% of pts with CMML, but this did not confer into higher frequency of autoimmune diseases. Presence of positive autoimmune antibodies did not affect overall survival adversely. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Radiation-Induced Angiosarcoma after Breast-Cancer Treatment.

A 72-year-old woman presented with skin changes on her left breast; 5 years earlier, she had undergone lumpectomy and radiation therapy for breast cancer. Examination revealed an area of skin that had an ecchymotic appearance, with no underlying mass or nodular tissue.
From Service to Public Work: Bridging the Divide

An important aspect of public higher education is the development of active citizens. Students should leave our institutions not only with an appreciation for the value of community service, but also having the vital knowledge, skills, and dispositions to be public problem solvers. This article is a reflection on one professor’s experience of teaching students for active citizenship by moving from a service mindset to an emphasis on public work.
Review: Metformin is linked to reduced mortality in type 2 diabetes with comorbid CKD and CHF

Source Citation Crowley MJ, Diamantidis CJ, McDuffie JR, et al. Clinical outcomes of metformin use in populations with chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, or chronic liver disease: a ...
Targeting CXCR4-dependent immunosuppressive Ly6Clow monocytes improves antiangiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer

Antiangiogenic therapy with antibodies against VEGF (bevacizumab) or VEGFR2 (ramucirumab) has been proven efficacious in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, the improvement in overall survival is modest and only in combination with chemotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify potential underlying mechanisms of resistance specific to antiangiogenic therapy and develop strategies to overcome them. Here we found that anti-VEGFR2 therapy up-regulates both C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in orthotopic murine CRC models, including SL4 and CT26. Blockade of CXCR4 signaling significantly enhanced treatment efficacy of anti-VEGFR2 treatment in both CRC models. CXCR4 was predominantly expressed in immunosuppressive innate immune cells, which are recruited to CRCs upon anti-VEGFR2 treatment. Blockade of CXCR4 abrogated the recruitment of these innate immune cells. Importantly, these myeloid cells were mostly Ly6Clow monocytes and not Ly6Chigh monocytes. To selectively deplete individual innate immune cell populations, we targeted key pathways in Ly6Clow monocytes (Cx3cr1-/- mice), Ly6Chigh monocytes (CCR2-/- mice), and neutrophils (anti-Ly6G antibody) in combination with CXCR4 blockade in SL4 CRCs. Depletion of Ly6Clow monocytes or neutrophils improved anti-VEGFR2-induced SL4 tumor growth delay similar to the CXCR4 blockade. In CT26 CRCs, highly resistant to anti-VEGFR2 therapy, CXCR4 blockade enhanced anti-VEGFR2-induced tumor growth delay but specific depletion of Ly6G+ neutrophils did not. The discovery of CXCR4-dependent recruitment of Ly6Clow monocytes in tumors unveiled a heretofore unknown mechanism of resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. Our findings also provide a rapidly translatable strategy to enhance the outcome of anti-VEGF cancer therapies.
Simulating North American mesoscale convective systems with a convection-permitting climate model

Deep convection is a key process in the climate system and the main source of precipitation in the tropics, subtropics, and mid-latitudes during summer. Furthermore, it is related to high impact weather causing floods, hail, tornadoes, landslides, and other hazards. State-of-the-art climate models have to parameterize deep convection due to their coarse grid spacing. These parameterizations are a major source of uncertainty and long-standing model biases. We present a North American scale convection-permitting climate simulation that is able to explicitly simulate deep convection due to its 4-km grid spacing. We apply a feature-tracking algorithm to detect hourly precipitation from Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) in the model and compare it with radar-based precipitation estimates east of the US Continental Divide. The simulation is able to capture the main characteristics of the observed MCSs such as their size, precipitation rate, propagation speed, and lifetime within observational uncertainties. In particular, the model is able to produce realistically propagating MCSs, which was a long-standing challenge in climate modeling. However, the MCS frequency is significantly underestimated in the central US during late summer. We discuss the origin of this frequency biases and suggest strategies for model improvements.
Abstract 10954: Clinical and Angiographic Predictors of Adverse Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Radiation Associated Coronary Artery Disease

Background: The clinical and angiographic predictors of outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with cancer and radiation associated coronary artery disease (CAD) are no...
Keep It Simple, Readability Increases Engagement on Twitter: An Abstract

Today, virtually all organizations are confronted with substantial competition. This is especially the case in social media, where an increasing number of firms are vying for consumer engagement on platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Google+, and others. To engage with consumers in social media, firms often communicate with consumers using brand posts on social media platforms.
3D visualization of the ovarian tissue scattering coefficient with swept-source optical coherence tomography

It is important to provide timely information to surgeons on diagnosis of a suspicious ovarian tissue before excision to avoid unnecessary surgery, especially for young women. In this report, we introduce a new 3-D surface mapping technique to map ovarian tissue scattering properties by fitting the swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) signals to a scattering model. We observed that lower scattering coefficients and heterogeneous spatial distribution were associated with malignant ovarian tissues, and higher scattering coefficients and homogeneous spatial distribution indicated benign ovarian tissues. The initial results suggest that the 3-D scattering map has potential to be an effective tool to characterize normal and malignant ovarian tissues.
Ethics beyond ethics: the need for virtuous researchers

Research ethics boards (REBs) exist for good reason. By setting rules of ethical behaviour, REBs can help mitigate the risk of researchers causing harm to their research participants. However, the current method by which REBs promote ethical behaviour does little more than send researchers into the field with a set of rules to follow. While appropriate for most situations, rule-based approaches are often insufficient, and leave significant gaps where researchers are not provided institutional ethical direction. Through a discussion of a recent research project about drinking and driving in South Africa, this article demonstrates that if researchers are provided only with a set of rules for ethical behaviour, at least two kinds of problems can emerge: situations where action is required but there is no ethically good option (zungzwang ethical dilemmas) and situations where the ethical value of an action can only be assessed after the fact (contingent ethical dilemmas). These dilemmas highlight and help to articulate what we already intuit: that a solely rule-based approach to promoting ethical research is not always desirable, possible, effective, or consistent. In this article, I argue that to better encourage ethical behaviour in research, there is a need to go beyond the rules and regulations articulated by ethics boards, and focus more specifically on creating and nurturing virtuous researchers.
The Hardy Spaces

In this chapter we study various properties of the spacesH 1 H 2 andH ∞in preparation for our study of Toeplitz operators in the following chapter. Due to the availability of several excellent accounts of this subject (see Notes), we do not attempt a comprehensive treatment and proceed in the main using the techniques which we have already introduced.
Effect of Microstructural Refinement on the Deformation Behavior of Dual-phase Steels

ABSTRACT The ferrite grain size and martensite dispersion were varied in a 1.45Mn-0.21Si-0.08C steel subjected to thermal cycling and intercritical annealing at 730 and 760°C. Deformation behavior as a function of grain size, martensite volume fraction and dispersion, and plastic strain were evaluated by Hall-Petch and Jaoul-Crussard analyses and the development of a unified equation.
Chapter 16 – Applications for Material Removal: Drilling, Cutting, Marking

This chapter discusses the applications that require material removal with lasers. It describes a variety of applications including hole drilling, cutting, and marking. In applications involving material removal, the properties of the workpiece are important. These properties include: the thermal diffusivity, the latent heat of vaporization, and the surface reflectivity. Under conditions where the material is vaporized, the amount of material that can be removed is limited by the latent heat of vaporization. The dominant process in material removal by lasers can often be simple vaporization, with absorption of the laser energy at a continually retreating surface. The vaporized material can diffuse away into the surrounding atmosphere, without further interacting with the beam. Other mechanisms that can increase the amount of material removal are flushing of the liquid material, and particulate emission because of the subsurface explosions. The absorption of laser energy in the blowoff material can shield the surface and can reduce the amount of material removal.
Borna Disease Virus and Related Bornaviruses

Abstract The family Bornaviridae is a member of the order Mononegavirales and shares basic characteristics with other viruses in the order. Bornavirus genomes are unsegmented, negative sense RNA and virions are enveloped with a helical nucleocapsid. However, bornaviruses have several unique traits including nuclear replication and production of spliced mRNAs. In the cell nucleus, bornaviral proteins and nucleic acids are highly associated with chromatin. All bornaviruses characterized to date cause persistent infections and virus is often highly associated with neurons in an infected host. Virus spread in the host occurs via neural networks. In cell cultures, bornaviruses cause little to no cytopathic effects and the numbers of extracellular virions produced are quite low. Bornaviruses have been isolated from reptiles, birds and a variety of mammals. Many infections are inapparent, however severe neurological disease (non-suppurative encephalitis) can occur in some hosts. In affected hosts, CNS lesions are characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates and in pathogenesis is immune-mediated. In contrast, infection of immune-compromised hosts leads to persistent infection with no overt disease. A variety of bornavirus genome fragments have become endogenized in eukaryotic genomes, with some of these events dating back millions of years. An N gene endogenized in Homo sapiens is expressed and the protein appears to play a role in genome stability.
MOUSE: Inference In Non-volatile Memory for Energy Harvesting Applications

There is increasing demand to bring machine learning capabilities to low power devices. By integrating the computational power of machine learning with the deployment capabilities of low power devices, a number of new applications become possible. In some applications, such devices will not even have a battery, and must rely solely on energy harvesting techniques. This puts extreme constraints on the hardware, which must be energy efficient and capable of tolerating interruptions due to power outages. Here, we propose an in-memory machine learning accelerator utilizing non-volatile spintronic memory. The combination of processing-in-memory and non-volatility provides a key advantage in that progress is effectively saved after every operation. This enables instant shut down and restart capabilities with minimal overhead. Additionally, the operations are highly energy efficient leading to low power consumption.
Initiation of plate tectonics from post-magma ocean thermochemical convection

Leading theories for the presence of plate tectonics on Earth typically appeal to the role of present day conditions in promoting rheological weakening of the lithosphere. However, it is unknown whether the conditions of the early Earth were favorable for plate tectonics, or any form of subduction, and thus, how subduction begins is unclear. Using physical models based on grain-damage, a grainsize-feedback mechanism capable of producing plate-like mantle convection, we demonstrate that subduction was possible on the Hadean Earth (hereafter referred to as proto-subduction or proto-plate tectonics), that proto-subduction differed from modern day plate tectonics, and that it could initiate rapidly. Scaling laws for convection with grain-damage show that though either higher mantle temperatures or higher surface temperatures lead to slower plates, proto-subduction, with plate speeds of ≈1.75 cm/yr, can still be maintained in the Hadean, even with a CO2 rich primordial atmosphere. Furthermore, when the mantle potential temperature is high (e.g., above ≈2000 K), the mode of subduction switches to a “sluggish subduction” style, where downwellings are drip like and plate boundaries are diffuse. Finally, numerical models of post-magma ocean mantle convection demonstrate that proto-plate tectonics likely initiates within ∼100 Myr of magma ocean solidification, consistent with evidence from Hadean zircons. After the initiation of proto-subduction, non-plate-tectonic “sluggish subduction” prevails, giving way to modern style plate tectonics as both the mantle interior and climate cool. Hadean proto-subduction may hasten the onset of modern plate tectonics by drawing excess CO2 out of the atmosphere and cooling the climate.
A Scalable Data Analytics and Visualization System for City-wide Traffic Signal Data-sets

The advent of new traffic data collection tools such as high-resolution signalized intersection controller logs opens up a new space of possibilities for traffic management. In this work, we describe the high resolution datasets, apply appropriate machine learning methods to obtain relevant information from the said datasets and develop visualization tools to provide traffic engineers with suitable interfaces, thereby enabling new insights into traffic signal performance management. The eventual goal of this study is to enable automated analysis and help create operational performance measures for signalized intersections while aiding traffic administrators in their quest to design 21st century signal policies.
USM3D Analyses of Transonic Boundary Layer Thickener Configurations Applied to Fuselage

A wind tunnel test was performed in the 0.3-Meter Cryogenic Transonic Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center to investigate the impact of various boundary layer thickeners on the height and sha...
ChinaAS Embrace of Globalization

As China has become an increasingly important part of the global trading system over the past two decades, interest in the country and its international economic policies has increased among international economists who are not China specialists. This paper represents an attempt to provide the international economics community with a succinct summary of the major steps in the evolution of Chinese policy toward international trade and foreign direct investment and their consequences since the late 1970s. In doing so, we draw upon and update a number of more comprehensive book-length treatments of the subject. It is our hope that this paper will prove to be a useful resource for the growing numbers of international economists who are exploring China-related issues, either in the classroom or in their own research.
Relating a picture and 1000 words: Self-derivation through integration within and across presentation formats.

Abstract To build knowledge, separate yet related learning episodes can be integrated with one another and then used to derive new knowledge. Separate episodes are often experienced through different formats, such as text passages and graphic representations. Accordingly, in the present research, we tested integration of learning episodes provided through different presentation formats with children in the laboratory (Experiment 1; n = 24; M = 8.36 years) and in classrooms (Experiment 2; n = 85; M = 9.34 years and Experiment 3; n = 154; M = 10.67 years). Children in the laboratory were successful in both same-format and different-format conditions. Children in the classroom were also successful in both conditions, but in Exp. 2 showed a cost to integration across two different presentation formats compared to the same-format condition. In Exp. 3, greater support for encoding the graphic information was added and performance no longer showed a cost between conditions.
Arbitrary control and direct measurement of topological windings of a non-Hermitian band

We experimentally demonstrate controllable nontrivial complex-energy windings of a non-Hermitian band by implementing lattices in a frequency synthetic dimension using a modulated ring resonator and directly measure the complex band structures and winding numbers.