cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pharmacists’ delivery of public health services in rural and urban areas in Iowa and North Dakota

Background: The profession of pharmacy is expanding its involvement in public health, but few studies have examined pharmacists’ delivery of public health services.Objective: To assess Iowa and North Dakota pharmacists’ practices, frequency of public health service delivery, level of involvement in achieving the essential services of public health, and barriers to expansion of public health services in rural and urban areas.Methods: This study implemented an on-line survey sent to all pharmacists currently practicing pharmacy in Iowa and North Dakota.Results: Overall, 602 valid responses were analyzed, 297 in rural areas and 305 in urban areas. Three practice settings (chain stores [169, 28.2%], independent community pharmacies [162, 27.0%], and hospital pharmacies [156, 26.0%]) comprised 81.2% of the sample. Both chain and independent community pharmacists were more commonly located in rural areas than in urban areas (P<0.05). For some public health services, pharmacists in rural areas reported higher frequency of delivery than did pharmacists in urban areas (P < .05) that included: medication therapy management, immunizations, tobacco counseling, and medication take-back programs. For some essential services, pharmacists (particularly independents) in rural areas reported more frequent delivery than did pharmacists in urban areas (P < .05), these included: evaluate the services the pharmacy provides, partner with the community to identify and help solve health problems, and conduct needs assessments to identify health risks in my community.Conclusion: Rural pharmacists more frequently deliver public health services than urban in both Iowa and North Dakota. These findings should be interpreted to be primarily due to differences in the role of the rural pharmacist and the quest for certain opportunities that rural pharmacists are seeking.
Results of T Cell Depleted (TCD) Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AlloHSCT) from HLA Matched (HLA-M) or Partially Mismatched (HLA-MM) Unrelated Donors (URD) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Sustained Engraftment and Low Incidence of Graft-vs-Host Disease (GvHD).

Abstract Curative strategies for hematologic malignancies include alloHSCT, which has become a treatment option for older pts, as well as those with more extensive prior therapy and comorbidities. This has stimulated research on the development of less toxic but comparably effective approaches to transplantation at the level of cytoreduction, alternate graft sources, graft manipulation, and GvHD prophylaxis. To this end, between 7/2001 and 12/2005, we administered TCD HSCTs, derived from HLA-M or HLA-MM URDs, to 36 adult pts as treatment for a variety of hematologic malignancies on a clinical trial. The conditioning regimen was designed to reduce regimen related toxicity while preserving adequate immunosuppression to allow for engraftment. The TCD grafts allowed transplantation across HLA disparate pt-donor pairs without the use of additional renal and hepatotoxic GvHD prophylaxis. The conditioning regimen consisted of hyperfractionated total body irradiation (HFTBI) (1375 cGy), thiotepa (5mg/kg) x 2d, fludarabine (25mg/m2) x 5d and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) x 2d. HLA typing was performed by DNA SSOP analyses for A,B,C, DRB1, and DQB1, and donors were matched at ≥8 of 10 alleles. Pts received TCD-PBSC (n=29) or TCD-BM (n=7) from HLA-M (21 pairs) or HLA-MM (15 pairs) URDs. PBSCs were TCD by Isolex 300i CD34+ selection followed by sheep E-rosette depletion, and BMs were depleted with soybean agglutination and sheep E-rosette depletion. The median age was 40.6 (range 18–63)yrs; 10 pts ≥ 50 yrs. Diseases included AML and ALL CR1 (only standard or high risk), AML and ALL CR2, ALL ≥ CR3, acute biphenotypic leukemia, CML in CP, MDS, T-PLL. The median followup is 22 (range 6–55) mos. All evaluable pts engrafted neutrophils, 31 of 35 evaluable pts engrafted platelets. Four pts died of complications prior to platelet engraftment, including one pt with late graft failure. The 100d non-relapse mortality was 20% with most (>50%) deaths due to infection. The incidence of acute (a) grade II–III and chronic (c) GvHD was low for the entire group of 36 pts at 11% and 28%, respectively, when compared to that of unmodified transplantation. The incidence of aGvHD was 14% and 7%, and cGvHD (majority - limited) was 26% and 30% for HLA-M and HLA-MM transplant pairs, respectively. Estimated 3 yr DFS is 60% for both HLA-M and HLA-MM transplants, and 83% for standard risk and 41% for high risk disease pts. Only one pt has relapsed. These results indicate that a transplantation strategy using HFTBI, thiotepa, fludarabine and ATG followed by TCD PBSC or BM, but without posttransplant immunomodulating agents, is well-tolerated in an older patient group (median age 40 yrs) even with HLA-MM URDs. Although this approach appears to provide an antileukemic effect for acute leukemia pts transplanted in remission of acute leukemia, this will need to be confirmed with longer followup.
SMRT Derepression by the IκB Kinase α: A Prerequisite to NF-κB Transcription and Survival

Abstract Understanding how signaling cascades stimulate chromatin-remodeling events through derepression is one of the foremost questions in the transcription field. Here, we demonstrate that NF-κB transcription requires IKKα to phosphorylate SMRT on chromatin, stimulating the exchange of corepressor for coactivator complexes. IKKα-induced phosphorylation coincides with a loss of chromatin-associated SMRT and HDAC3 and with nuclear export of the SMRT corepressor, events required for expression of the NF-κB-regulated cIAP-2 and IL-8 genes. Although SMRT derepression corresponds with the recruitment of TBL1/TBLR1, this complex alone is insufficient to relieve repression. Using a nonphosphorylatable SMRT protein, we demonstrate that IKKα-induced phosphorylation is required to recruit 14-3-3ϵ and Ubc5 for SMRT derepression. Failure of IKKα to stimulate the removal of SMRT from chromatin inhibits the recruitment of NF-κB to promoters, blocking transcription and sensitizing cells to apoptosis. Our work provides evidence that IKKα orchestrates SMRT derepression, a prerequisite for NF-κB transcription and survival.
Comparison of Spontaneously Elicited Language Patterns in Specific Language Impairment and High-Functioning Autism.

Abstract Background We aimed to characterize differences in the use of language in children with specific language impairment and high-functioning autism by analyzing verbal responses on standardized tests. The overall goal was to provide clinicians with additional tools with which to aid in distinguishing the two neurodevelopmental disorders. Materials and Methods This study included 16 children with specific language impairment, 28 children with high-functioning autism, and 52 typically developing participants between the ages of six and 14. Groups were matched for age, and specific language impairment and high-functioning autism groups were matched on verbal and performance IQ. Responses from standardized tests were examined for response length, grammatical errors, filler words, perseverations, revisions (repeated attempts to begin or continue a sentence), off-topic attention shifts (lapses in attention to the task), and rambling. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric methods. Results Specific language impairment responses were longer and contained more filler words than did those of the other two groups, whereas high-functioning autism responses exhibited more grammatical errors, off-topic attention shifts, and rambling. Specific language impairment and high-functioning autism responses showed higher rates of perseveration compared with controls. There were no significant differences in revisions among the three groups. Conclusions Differences in language patterns of participants with specific language impairment and high-functioning autism may be useful to the clinician in helping to differentiate isolated language impairment from high-functioning autism. The results also support the conclusion that the two conditions are separable, and each exhibits a different pattern of language dysfunction.
On the Nature of Systems Thinking and Systems Science: Similarities, Differences, and Potential Synergies

This chapter clearly discriminates between the too-often-conflated terms – systems thinking (ST) and systems science (SS). It argues for a halt to this conflation. It presents a more comprehensive list than usual of different systems sources that must be unified to enable SE’s to learn and use SS to increase use of its vast unused literature in Systems Engineering (SE). It presents a linear spectrum rather than opposition approach with thinking, philosophy, and design near one end and several new systems-integrated sciences (including SS) at the other end. It suggests several differences and similarities between thinking and science so similarities could enable synergy and complementary improvement within and between the two mega-domains. Balancing the current emphasis on human-based ST with increased study and use of the new SS would result in a more rigorous, prescriptive, and evidence-based Systems Engineering of greatly increased application range.
Hindbrain 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase Mediates Short-term Food Deprivation Inhibition of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone–Luteinizing Hormone Axis: Role of Nitric Oxide

Hindbrain-derived stimuli restrain the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) reproductive neuroendocrine axis during energy insufficiency. Interruption of food intake, planned or unplanned, is emblematic of modern life. This study investigated the premise that the hindbrain energy sensor 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits reproductive neuroendocrine function in short term, e.g. 18-h food-deprived (FD) estradiol (E)-implanted ovariectomized female rats. Intra-caudal fourth ventricular administration of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (Cc) reversed FD-induced inhibition of rostral preoptic (rPO) GnRH protein expression and LH release in animals given E to replicate proestrus (high-E dose-, but not metestrus (low-E dose)-stage plasma steroid levels. FD caused Cc-reversible augmentation or diminution of preoptic norepinephrine (NE) activity in high- versus low-E rats, respectively, and AMPK-independent reductions in hypothalamic NE accumulation in the latter. Nitric oxide (NO) and kisspeptin are key stimulatory signals for the preovulatory LH surge. Here, FD inhibited rPO neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein expression in high-, but not low-E-dosed animals. Lateral ventricular delivery of the NO donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) reversed inhibitory GnRH and LH responses to FD in high-E rats, and normalized rPO Vglut2, anteroventral periventricular KiSS1, and dorsomedial hypothalamic RFRP-3 mRNA and/or protein profiles. Data show that FD curtails reproductive neuroendocrine outflow by hindbrain AMPK-dependent mechanisms in the presence of peak estrous cycle E levels. Results indicate that neural networks linking this sensor to GnRH neurons likely involve NO signaling, which may function upstream of one or more neurotransmitters identified here by SIN-1-reversible inhibitory responses to FD.
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRONS

ABSTRACT Austempered ductile irons (ADI) are a high strength, high toughness ductile cast irons with vastly improved mechanical properties. Various grades of austempered ductile irons can be produced depending primarily on the heat treatment conditions. The mechanical properties of austempered ductile irons are described and compared to the properties of other competing materials. The fundamentals of the physical metallurgy of the austempering reaction in ductile irons will also be reviewed to highlight important aspects of ADI process control and quality assurance. Heat treatment control during austempering is much more critical than for other ferrous heat treating operations. In recent years austempered ductile irons have successfully been used to replace steel components and to upgrade conventional ductile iron components for a wide variety of applications. Specific applications are highlighted which illustrate the particular advantages of austempered ductile irons.
Adaptable and Adaptive Information Access for All Users, Including the Disabled and the Elderly

The tremendously increasing popularity of the World Wide Web indicates that hypermedia is going to be the leading online information medium for the years to come and will most likely be the standard gateway to the “information highway”. Visitors of web sites are generally heterogeneous and have different needs, and this trend is likely even to increase in the future. The aim of the AVANTI project is to cater hypermedia information to these different needs by adapting the content and the presentation of web pages to each individual user. The special needs of elderly and handicapped users are also considered to some extent. Our experience from this research is that adaptation and user modeling techniques that have so far almost exclusively focused on adapting interactive software systems to “normal” users also prove useful for adaptation to users with special needs.
THE BIOMECHANICS OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES IN HUMAN-POWERED TRANSPORTATION

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the biomechanics of lower extremity injuries in human-powered transportation. The mechanics of the foot–pedal load transfer have a relationship to the overall efficiency of bicycle transport. The cycling boom has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of lower extremity injuries, primarily in the knee. These injuries do not result from falling but rather from the cycling motion of the lower extremity. Physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating these injuries have contributed a number of articles addressing the epidemiology and etiology of these injuries. Cycling injury specialists concur that the majority of lower extremity trauma is mechanically related and can be prevented by properly adjusting equipment. At a cursory glance, achieving proper adjustment does not appear to be a formidable task. The kinematics of the lower extremity, however, is complex. There are eight possible adjustments. Each adjustment controls both the kinematical relationships between leg segments and the loading on musculo-skeletal elements. If any adjustment establishes a position of the leg such that foot-pedal loads produce stresses incompatible with musculo-skeletal structural elements, then these elements are prone to injury.
Wideband Scattering and Environmental Imaging

All of the mathematics and wavelet theory in this book can be applied to the problem of characterizing or imaging an environment. Environments can range from a single cell to the entire human body, the layers of earth to outer space, or the particle specks in a drop of water to the whole ocean. The characterization of these environments include modelling the position, motion, and other properties of objects or boundaries in the environment. In addition to identifying specific objects or features, a complete model of a channel or environment (including spreading, dispersion and any other environmental effects) may be desired. Assumptions regarding the environments can be enforced by parametric models (i.e., assume that only one narrowband source is in the environment and it is in the farfield of all sensors - then the characterization of the environment can be performed by closed form models and estimators).
Growth kinetics of γ′ precipitates in a directionally solidified eutectic, γ/γ′-δ

The ..gamma..' precipitate growth kinetics in Ni--20 wt percent Nb--6 wt percent Cr--2.5 wt percent Al alloy were investigated. It was found that ..gamma..' coarsening in this alloy is controlled by diffusion of Al in the gamma phase for the temperature range (1110 to 1310/sup 0/K) examined. (JRD)
Sleep and Fatigue

In the previous chapter, we discussed some of the biological mechanisms that are related to motivation. Most definitions of motivation include an energetic factor. Sleep and/or fatigue imply low levels of overt activity. The desire for sleep may be considered to be a powerful motive, and a reduction of this activity leads to efforts to satisfy this need. Numerous disciplines from biochemistry to psychology have contributed to our understanding of this phenomenon. In 1995, The National Institute of Mental Health convened a task force on basic behavioral research needs. One section of the group’s report covered emotion and motivation, and the latter included a statement that “the need for sleep is powerfully motivating.”
E-Cigarette Use by Young Adult Nonsmokers: Next-Generation Nicotine Dependence?

The editorialist discusses the findings of Mirbolouk and coworkers' study and how their findings highlight why the medical and public health communities must begin to address e-cigarette use by you...
Social Presence: How Should Instructors Communicate Online?

Of course, instructors play a central role in online teaching and learning. But online lectures tend to be one-sided, and comments on submitted student work often remain limited to one-on-one communiquA©s. How, then, can instructors create rapport with their classes as a whole in an asynchronous online format? They must find balance between standing at an âunrealâ distance on one hand and, on the other, being so present as to overly determine the student conversation within a course. After surveying teachersâ methods of providing feedback, this presentation will offer advice about how to create an online presenceâto have a balance between micromanaging each studentâs experience of the course and following a distant, set-it-and-forget-it approach. Presenters will share how to guide conversation alongside and in response to studentsâ interactions with each other, as well as encourage students to see the instructor as a guide and collaborator in smaller activities that are the online equivalent of in-class participation.
A fully disposable 64-well papertronic sensing array for screening electroactive microorganisms

Abstract A papertronic 64-well sensing array for rapid and sensitive screening of electroactive microorganisms was developed. This device offers a simple and facile approach to accurately characterize and simultaneously monitor bacterial electrogenicity without complicated fluidic feeding systems and electrical wires. After use, the entirely paper-based device platform can be disposed of safely by incineration without posing a risk of bacterial infection. Paper-based printed circuit boards integrated into the array effectively measured bioelectricity generated from spatially distinct 64 microbial fuel cells (MFCs) without cumbersome electrical connections. The flexible array performed stably through repeated folding cycles. Within 30 min, we successfully determined electrogenicity of 15 bacteria including two known wild-type electroactive microorganisms and thirteen isogenic mutants of P. aeruginosa. The paper-based MFC array could help transform electromicrobial technology from bench-top settings to practical applications that would demand proof of high performance.
Sperm Genomic Integrity by TUNEL Varies throughout the Male Genital Tract.

Purpose:We assessed sperm chromatin fragmentation at different levels of the male genital tract.Materials and Methods:Ejaculated specimens from consenting male partners were screened for sperm chro...
Behaviour and survival of wild versus stocked fingerling walleye

Walleye Sander vitreus Mitchill have been progressively raised in hatcheries to larger sizes under the paradigm that larger stocked fish have higher survival. However, extended time in hatcheries may result in domestication, with stocked individuals lacking behaviours that promote survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate behaviour and survival of wild versus stocked fingerling (>200 mm) walleye in two Iowa reservoirs. Radio telemetry was used to evaluate walleye movement rates, depth use, home range size, habitat selection and apparent survival. Depth use increased with days since stocking and varied between lake‐years but was similar between walleye groups. Daily movement rates varied by the interaction between group and day, with rates declining through time. Home ranges did not differ between groups but were significantly greater in Big Creek than Brushy Creek. Walleye in both lakes generally used habitat in proportion to availability, with few differences between groups detected. Weekly apparent survival ranged from 0.948 to 1.000, varied across lakes, years and seasons, and was higher for stocked than wild walleye in Big Creek but not Brushy Creek. The results indicate that hatchery‐reared fingerling walleye behave similar to but can have higher survival than wild fish, suggesting that domestication may not be occurring and that stocking autumn fingerling walleye may help supplement year‐class strength.
Cases Relating to Chapter 10 – Offenses Involving Morality and Decency

Publisher Summary This chapter presents several case studies related to offenses involving morality and decency. The cases presented are: Miller v. California (application of a State's criminal obscenity statute to a situation in which sexually explicit materials have been thrust by aggressive sales action upon unwilling recipients who had in no way indicated any desire to receive such materials); Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, Petitioner v. Leroy Carhart, et al. Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, Petitioner v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., et al. (validity of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003).
Recipes for recombining DNA: A history of Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual

Laboratory instructions and recipes are sometimes edited into books with a wide circulation. Even in the late twentieth century, publications of this nature remained influential. For example, protocols from a 1980 summer course on gene cloning at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory provided the basis for a bestselling laboratory manual by Tom Maniatis, Ed Fritsch and Joe Sambrook. Not only did the Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual become a standard reference for molecular biologists (commonly called the ‘bible’), but also its recipes and clear instructions made gene cloning and recombinant DNA technologies accessible to non-specialists. Consequently, this laboratory manual contributed to the rapid spread of genetic-engineering techniques throughout the life sciences, as well as in industry. As is often the case with how-to books, however, finding a way to update methods in this rapidly changing field posed a challenge, and various molecular-biology reference books had different ways of dealing with knowledge obsolescence. This paper explores the origins of this manual, its publication history, its reception and its rivals – as well as the more recent migration of such laboratory manuals to the Internet.
Helping without hurting: ameliorating the negative effects of humanitarian assistance on civil wars through mediation

A growing body of literature has suggested that, in the long-run, humanitarian aid, while well-intentioned, might be counter-productive to civil war conflict management because aid provides resourc...
Effect of carrier volume and application method on waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and diquat

Mesocosm studies were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effects of carrier volume and application method on waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] response to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and diquat. Carrier volumes of 935, 467, and 187 L ha−1 were applied using either a conventional stream, conventional cone, adjustable cone, or a drizzle-stream spray pattern. Reducing carrier volume from 935 L ha−1 reduced spray coverage up to 60%, depending on application method. However, reducing carrier volume did not diminish efficacy of any herbicide or application method. Alternatively, E. crassipes control from 2,4-D increased 10% to 26% when applied using 187 L ha−1 compared with 935 L ha−1. Likewise, E. crassipes biomass was reduced 91% when 2,4-D was applied using 935 L ha−1; however, treatment applied at 187 L ha−1 resulted in 99% biomass reduction. In general, 2,4-D resulted in roughly 10% greater control when conventional or adjustable cone applications were used compared with either stream applications. Eichhornia crassipes control at 7 d after treatment (DAT) from diquat increased with decreasing carrier volumes; however, treatment effects in diquat experiments were not detected at other evaluation intervals. Glyphosate efficacy was highly influenced by carrier volume, as E. crassipes control increased up to 61% when applied using 187 L ha−1 compared with 935 L ha−1. Moreover, E. crassipes biomass reduction increased from 55% in the 935 L ha−1 treatment to 97% in the 187 L ha−1 treatments. Glyphosate application methods consisting of conventional stream or conventional cone sprayers resulted in slightly increased E. crassipes control by 28 DAT; however, no differences among application methods were observed in E. crassipes biomass data. These data support further evaluations of alternative application techniques for E. crassipes control under field conditions and for other herbicides and aquatic plant species.
Mentoring Experiences and Publication Productivity among Early Career Biomedical Investigators and Trainees.

Objective: To identify which mentoring domains influence publication productivity among early career researchers and trainees and whether publication productivity differs between underrepresented minority (URM) and well-represented groups (WRGs). The mentoring aspects that promote publica­tion productivity remain unclear. Advancing health equity requires a diverse workforce, yet URM trainees are less likely to publish and URM investigators are less likely to ob­tain federal research grants, relative to WRG counterparts. Participants: Early career biomedical investigators and trainees from the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), N=115. Methods: A mentoring-focused online follow-up survey was administered to respondents of the NRMN Annual Survey who self-identified as mentees. Publications were identified from a public database and validated with participant CV data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses tested the as­sociations of publication productivity with mentoring domains. Results: URM investigators and trainees had fewer publications ( M = 7.3) than their WRG counterparts ( M = 13.8). Controlling for career stage and social characteristics, those who worked on funded projects, and received grant-writing or research mentorship, had a higher probability of any publications. Controlling for URM status, gender, and career stage, mentorship on grant-writing and funding was positively as­sociated with publication count (IRR=1.72). Holding career stage, gender, and mentor­ing experiences constant, WRG investigators and trainees had more publications than their URM counterparts (IRR=1.66). Conclusions: Grant-writing mentorship is particularly important for publica­tion productivity. Future research should investigate whether grant-writing mentor­ship differentially impacts URM and WRG investigators and should investigate how and why grant-writing mentorship fosters increased publication productivity. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):273-282; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.273
Profiles of young women's alcohol and cannabis use linked to risk for sexually transmitted infection highlight the importance of multi-level targeted interventions: Findings from the Pittsburgh girls study.

Background: Social ecological models designed to understand disparities in sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence highlight understudied structural and community risk factors. Guided by a social ecological model, this study identified profiles based on substance use-related STI risk, and examined associations of the profiles with selected indicators of structural-, community-, and individual-level STI risk factors. Methods: Repeated measures latent class analysis was applied to Pittsburgh Girls Study data (n = 2,138; 58% Black, 42% White) at ages 18-20. Profile indicators included: women's and partner's alcohol and cannabis use, women's sexual risk behavior, and self-reported STI. Profile predictors included racial background, structural-, community-, and individual-level risk factors. Results: Two of the five identified profiles had low STI likelihood: "Low Use" of alcohol and cannabis (25.5%; overrepresented by Black women), and "Alcohol Only" (19.1%; overrepresented by White women). Three profiles, all representing co-use of alcohol and cannabis, had higher STI likelihood: "Co-Use: Increasing Alcohol and Occasional Cannabis use" (16.5%; overrepresented by White women), "Co-Use: Occasional Alcohol and Cannabis use" (26.1%; overrepresented by Black women), and "Co-Use: Frequent Cannabis and Occasional Alcohol use" (12.8%; overrepresented by Black women). Structural STI risk (household use of public assistance at wave 1) was associated with "Low Use" and "Co-Use: Frequent Cannabis and Occasional Alcohol use" profiles. STI risk at multiple levels (structural, neighborhood, individual) was associated with the "Co-Use: Frequent Cannabis and Occasional Alcohol use" profile. Conclusions: Co-use of alcohol and cannabis is an important target for STI prevention efforts. Results also highlight structural- and community-level STI risk factors that disproportionately impact Black women, and the importance of multi-level interventions that are targeted to profile of risk to optimize the effectiveness of interventions.
Laser-Scribed Graphene (LSG) Fabrication Method for Microwave Circuit Applications

In this letter, a laser-scribed graphene (LSG) fabrication method is used to create graphene to be used in a microwave application, for example, a voltage-tunable microstrip attenuator. Graphene used in microwave circuits, such as tunable attenuators, usually focuses on using exfoliated graphene, deposited graphene nanoplatelets, or microwave irradiation. It will be demonstrated that the fabrication of LSG from graphene oxide on standard double-sided FR-4 copper-clad substrate can be used as a voltage-controlled resistor that results in a tunable microstrip attenuator across the microwave frequencies from 50 MHz to 5.5 GHz.
Automatic extraction of data deposition statements: where do the research results go?

Research in the biomedical domain can have a major impact through open sharing of data produced. In this study, we use machine learning for the automatic identification of data deposition sentences in research articles. Articles containing deposition sentences are correctly identified with 73% f-measure. These results show the potential impact of our method for literature curation.
Parts and Wholes: Liberal-Communitarian Tensions in Democratic States

One source of tension within and between modern nation states derives from conflict between individual and cultural rights. Modern democracies have been built on ideas of individual liberty whose extensions to the rights of culturally distinctive groups to survival and acceptance can create normative and political conflict. Such tensions raise questions about the role of the state, the underlying theory legitimising liberal states, and the social aims of education. Philosophical aspects of such conflicts are explored in Kevin McDonough and Walter Feinberg's excellent volume, Citizenship and Education in Liberal-Democratic Societies: Teaching for Cosmopolitan Values and Collective Identities. The philosophical issues hinge on how individuals and groups are conceived, as well as how liberty and loyalty are understood. Most of the essays address these concepts in pragmatic rather than essentialist ways, suggesting that how these issues are conceived is itself an important part of the problem, or its resolution. I conclude by suggesting that all of these doctrines are faiths, the problem being to create conditions so that they, or their elements, can be accepted or rejected reasonably in the light of their social consequences.
EI, EI, Oh What an Employee: The Biblical Basis for Teaching Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace

Have you ever wondered how a case based on solid legal argument could go so badly when decided by the court? Why does it seem that there is such a large gap between traditional legal education and the actual practice of law? Why are the most intelligent law students not always the best litigators? Why is it that some individuals and some corporations are constantly beset by litigation, while others are rarely seen in court?This paper suggests that the answers are found in ancient religious writings. Many commentators believe that politicians, judges and other decision-makers should avoid basing their decision-making on religious principles. However, this paper posits that judges do this all the time, even if unwittingly. This paper argues for the existence of an entire set of rules on which cases are decided, rules which are not part of a traditional legal education. These rules, if understood, explain how certain clients avoid most litigation, why certain litigators are surprisingly successful and why legal argument which has a solid basis in under traditional law is nevertheless lost. These non-traditional legal principles which have such an impact on litigation can be grouped under the rubric of “emotional intelligence” (EI). Although much has been written on the topic of emotional intelligence, no (discovered) paper ties it to any specific legal code, ancient or modern. Regent University School of Law is a pioneer in teaching “Biblical integration.” This concept argues that most modern law finds its basis in ancient Biblical law, the laws handed down by Moses, Solomon, David, Jesus and others. Whether the reader believes that these laws have a divine source, or simply thinks they are entitled to consideration because they have survived the test of time, this paper argues that they have value not simply in avoiding litigation, but that they have predictive value in determining the outcome of litigation. Instead of undertaking the entire spectrum of law, this paper focuses on how these principles apply to employees and employment-related litigation.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tropism for brain microglial cells is determined by a region of the env glycoprotein that also controls macrophage tropism

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the agent of AIDS, frequently infects the central nervous system. We inoculated adult human brain cultures with chimeric viruses containing parts of the env gene of a cloned primary isolate from brain tissue, HIV-1 JRFl, inserted into the cloned DNA of a T-cell-tropic strain. A chimeric virus containing the carboxy-terminal portion of HIV-1 JRFl env did not replicate in these brain tissue cultures, while a chimera expressing an env-encoded protein containing 158 amino acids of HIV-1 JRFl gp120, including the V3 loop, replicated well in brain microglial cells, as it does in blood macrophages. Infection of brain microglial cells with such a chimera was blocked by an antibody to the V3 loop of gp 120. Thus, env determinants in the region of gp120, outside the CD4-binding site and comprising the V3 loop, are critical for efficient viral binding to and/or entry into human brain microglia.
A model for chi-square analysis of regression vocabulary in Hélisenne de Crenne'sLes Angoysses douloureuses

Historians of the French novel concur that Les Angoysses douloureuses qui procedent d'amours by Helisenne de Crenne (pseudonym for Marguerite Briet), offers the earliest example in French literature of the autobiographical or memorialist form.2 First published in 15 38, the three-part narrative contains what can loosely be described as an amorous triangle. In Part I, the narrator-heroine, Helisenne herself, evokes her persistent passion for the young Guenelic, a passion more wayward in thought than in deed. Eventually an exasperated husband incarcerates Helisenne in a country tower. Later episodes shift attention to the would-be lover, his military prowess and finally an attempt to rescue the beloved. Les Angoysses, then, presents another mutation of the Tristan legend in which separated lovers are eventually reunited in death. Although the shifts in narrative voice and content within the three parts of the story have long been deplored,3 the first person narration in Part I has more recently been faulted by Helisenne's editor, Paule Demats,4 who regrets an absence of "composition" and of "action" (p. xiii). Likewise, Alexandre Lorian5 in his comparison of Renaissance and twentieth-century rhetorical preferences among French writers finds a singular indifference to stylistic discrimination in the first part of the tale: . . . la rhetorique fait peu de distinction entre rdcit, description, monologue ou dialogue, oud l'emphase et les figures de style sont redparties d'une maniere assez uniforme (p. 78). Both Demats using personal observation and Lorian who relies on 10,000 word machine-processed samples argue persuasively that Helisenne's Part I eschews stylistic subtleties, that her rhetorical tropes issue forth unvaryingly regardless of manifest content.
Signal-to-noise optimization and observed volume localization with circular surface coils

Abstract Sensitivity optimization in surface coil NMR is complicated by the inhomogeneity (or shape) of the B 1 field produced by the surface coil antenna. The sensitivity and the size and location of the observed volume are dependent upon experimental conditions. Therefore, we have derived three-dimensional signal intensity maps for a single-turn, flat, circular coil operating on resonance in the single-coil mode to determine the effect of experimental conditions on the sensitivity and spatial characteristics of the observed volume. The results indicate that rapid repetition rates ( T ⪡ T 1 ) provide optimum sensitivity and contribute significant signal intensity from regions not immediately adjacent to the coil. Intermediate repetition rates ( T ∼ T 1 ) provide a significant sensitivity increase over slow repetition rates ( T ⩾ 5 T 1 ) while localizing the volume observed primarily to regions adjacent to the coil. For homogeneous samples further separated from the coil (0.2–0.4 radii), longer pulse widths provide signal from a large region of the sample with a minimum loss in sensitivity. This analysis is verified by agreement of calculated and experimental total intensities as a function of flip angle (pulse width), relaxation time ( T 1 ), and repetition rate. Furthermore, the results from 2 H (30 MHz) and 19 F (188 MHz) NMR experiments with ionic and nonionic solutions indicate that rf attenuation problems associated with conductive samples are not likely to be significant in surface coil NMR experiments that utilize small diameter coils at high fields.
Automatic assembling procedure generation from mating conditions

Abstract A method is developed to automatically generate an assembling procedure for an assembly. In this work, an assembly is described by its components and their relationship in an assembly, especially the mating conditions. From the mating conditions of the components, an assembling procedure is generated in two steps. First, each component in an assembly is located at a specific vertex of a hierarchical tree. Second, an assembling procedure is generated from the hierarchical tree with the help of interference checking.
Entanglement between a quantum dot spin and a photon

We demonstrate entanglement between an InAs quantum dot (QD) electron spin qubit and a photon. This valuable quantum information resource can be used to mediate spin-spin entanglement between distant nodes of a QD spin network.
Simplified inpatient treatment of nocturnal enuresis in psychiatrically disturbed children

The behavioral treatment of nocturnal enuresis has been generally directed at outpatient populations using parent-administered programs involving Dry-Bed Training (DBT) with or without a urine alarm. The present study describes a program similar to DBT which was simplified for routine application by staff nurses on a child psychiatric unit. Twelve inpatients were exposed to the intervention which consisted of nighttime fluid restriction, scheduled/prompted toileting trips, a clear-up routine for accidents, and contingent point earnings or losses for compliance/noncompliance and wet/dry night. Using a multiple-baseline across subjects design, the findings indicated significant reductions in nighttime accidents and increases in both prompted and independent toileting. The children were productive with the prompted toileting trips more than half of the time. These improvements continued for those children subsequently exposed to a condition in which intervention was faded. Five of nine children had remained completely dry by 6-month follow-up. Issues regarding the assessment of treatment outcome, integrity, and maintenance with enuretic children, especially pertinent to inpatient settings, are discussed.
African American college women: constructing a hierarchy of sexual arrangements.

The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the safer sex decision-making processes of a group of African American college women. The study participants consisted of 15 women aged 19 to 33, who were full-time students attending a four-year university in Texas. The women self-identified as having been sexually active with at least one male partner within the past year. Semi-structured in-depth interviews lasting approximately 1.5 hours provided data. Theme and domain analysis of the interviews and field notes revealed that women employed both emotional and philosophical strategies to determine their safer sex behaviour. These strategies involved the use of a 'self-defined' sexual arrangements hierarchy. This hierarchy served to define the way women ordered and valued different types of sexual arrangement, from casual to committed. The resulting hierarchy also guided the safer sex behaviour of these women. The implications for intervention programmes that are targeted at increasing safer sex be...
A bayesian alternative to least squares and equal weighting coefficients in regression

This paper details a Bayesian alternative to the use of least squares and equal weighting coefficients in regression. An equal weight prior distribution for the linear regression parameters is described with regard to the conditional normal regression model, and resulting posterior distributions for these parameters are detailed. Some interesting connections between this Bayesian procedure and several other methods for estimating optimal weighting coefficients are discussed. In addition, results are presented of a Monte Carlo investigation which compared the effectiveness of the Bayesian procedure relative to least squares, equal weight, ridge, and Bayesian exchangeability estimations.
Host Range of Rust Isolates on Oregano and Mint in Florida

Abstract Urediniospores were collected separately from rust pustules on oregano (Origanum vulgare) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) plants purchased from retail stores in Gainesville, Alachua Co., FL...
Biochemical characterization of a metallothionein-like protein in rat brain

Recent investigations from this laboratory have identified a metallothionein-like protein in the rat brain with an elution volume (ve/vo) of 2.08 and a molecular weight of smaller than 10,000. The synthesis of this protein was stimulated following intracerebroventricular (icv, 0.20 μmol zinc/μL/h, 48 h), but not intraperitoneal (ip) administration of ZnSO4. Furthermore, chronic ip administration of ZnSO4 (5.0 mg/kg/d/10 d) did not alter the level of the metallothionein-like protein in the brain. However, the hepatic metallothionein was induced following icv administration of ZnSO4. The chromatofocusing of metallothionein-like protein isolated by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75 exhibits three zinc-binding peaks, which focus on pH 6.8, 6.2, and 5.3, respectively. It is expected that the protein peak focusing at 5.3 is a metallothionein-like protein. Purification of the zinc stimulated metallothionein-like protein on ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns, using a linear gradient elution procedure produced two isoforms, eluting, respectively, at 75 and 137 mM of Tris-acetate buffer, pH 7.5. The comparative high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) profiles of the zinc-induced hepatic metallothionein isoforms I and II (retention times 17.39 and 18.73 min) and that of the zinc-stimulated metallothionein-like protein isoforms I and II (retention times 17.32 and 18.64 min) are very similar. The function(s) of the metallothionein-like protein isoforms in the brain remains to be elucidated.
Thin Film Water on NaCl(100) under Ambient Conditions: An Infrared Study

Under ambient conditions water is adsorbed on the surface of NaCl(100). We are able to explore the properties of this adlayer at 25 °C using infrared spectroscopic photometry and to provide its ads...
Syndromic surveillance for influenza in the emergency department-A systematic review.

The science of surveillance is rapidly evolving due to changes in public health information and preparedness as national security issues, new information technologies and health reform. As the Emergency Department has become a much more utilized venue for acute care, it has also become a more attractive data source for disease surveillance. In recent years, influenza surveillance from the Emergency Department has increased in scope and breadth and has resulted in innovative and increasingly accepted methods of surveillance for influenza and influenza-like-illness (ILI). We undertook a systematic review of published Emergency Department-based influenza and ILI syndromic surveillance systems. A PubMed search using the keywords “syndromic”, “surveillance”, “influenza” and “emergency” was performed. Manuscripts were included in the analysis if they described (1) data from an Emergency Department (2) surveillance of influenza or ILI and (3) syndromic or clinical data. Meeting abstracts were excluded. The references of included manuscripts were examined for additional studies. A total of 38 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria, describing 24 discrete syndromic surveillance systems. Emergency Department-based influenza syndromic surveillance has been described worldwide. A wide variety of clinical data was used for surveillance, including chief complaint/presentation, preliminary or discharge diagnosis, free text analysis of the entire medical record, Google flu trends, calls to teletriage and help lines, ambulance dispatch calls, case reports of H1N1 in the media, markers of ED crowding, admission and Left Without Being Seen rates. Syndromes used to capture influenza rates were nearly always related to ILI (i.e. fever +/− a respiratory or constitutional complaint), however, other syndromes used for surveillance included fever alone, “respiratory complaint” and seizure. Two very large surveillance networks, the North American DiSTRIBuTE network and the European Triple S system have collected large-scale Emergency Department-based influenza and ILI syndromic surveillance data. Syndromic surveillance for influenza and ILI from the Emergency Department is becoming more prevalent as a measure of yearly influenza outbreaks.