cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of cooperative beamforming to direct transmission based on spectral efficiency

We recently proposed a cross-layer cooperative beamforming approach for transmitting signals of competing users to a far away destination in an energy efficient fashion. This was a two-stage scheme that relied on cooperating nodes to appropriately weight and forward the received signal, so that the signal of a particular node adds coherently at its destination only. In this paper we propose a variant of our previous approach that achieves maximum spectral efficiency. We compare the performance of the proposed approach to existing ones, in order to determine the best transmission scheme given certain network parameters, such as number of sources, number of cooperating nodes, power budgets and path loss.
The use of bromodeoxyuridine cytokinetic studies as a prognostic indicator of cancer of the head and neck.

The problem of unpredictable tumor behavior has been one focus of cell proliferation studies. Such studies, however, have been limited by difficult methodology. A newer method of quantifying tumor cell proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine is applicable for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, as shown in the present study. The relative ease with which cell proliferation can be evaluated using this technique will allow large numbers of head and neck tumors to be studied, enabling correlations with tumor behavior to be made
Uterine leiomyomata and fecundability in the Right from the Start study

background: Previous research suggests the removal of uterine leiomyomata may improve ability to conceive. Most of this previous research was conducted in infertility clinics. We investigated the association between leiomyoma characteristics on time to pregnancy among women enrolled from the general population. methods: We enrolled a cohort study of women in early pregnancy. Participants retrospectively reported their time to conception. Leiomyomata characteristics were determined by first-trimester ultrasound. We used discrete time hazard models to estimate the effects of uterine leiomyomata on time to pregnancy. results: In this population of 3000 women, 11% (324) with one or more leiomyomata, we found no association between leiomyomata presence, type, location, segment or size on time to pregnancy. conclusions: These results suggest that leiomyomata have little effect on time to pregnancy in this cohort of women. The study excluded women who had been treated for infertility, and this may have resulted in underestimation of the association. However, differences between our study and previous studies in specialty clinics may be, in part, attributable to differences between our community-recruited population of women and women receiving fertility care, as well as difference in leiomyomata size or type in women having myomectomies to treat infertility.
River of the dammed: Longitudinal changes in fish assemblages in response to dams

Although dams are a common feature on rivers throughout the world, their effects on diversity, composition, and structure of fish assemblages are often unclear. We used electrified benthic trawls and stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ15N to determine the complex relationships between taxonomic diversity and food web structure of fish assemblages among sites in the free-flowing and impounded reaches of the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania, USA. We found higher gamma and beta fish diversity in the free-flowing section, where Brillouin diversity increased in a downstream direction; however, in the impounded section, we found decreasing diversity downstream. Analysis of similarity and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling revealed longitudinal differences in Bray–Curtis similarity between assemblages from impounded and those from free-flowing sites. Finally, using stable isotope analysis, we showed that fishes in the free-flowing section derived nutrients primarily from benthic sources while fishes in the impounded section had a stronger reliance on pelagic nutrients. Our findings reveal that dams can reduce fish taxonomic diversity, driven primarily by decreases in lotic taxa, while shifting resource use from benthic toward pelagic nutrients. A multi-faceted approach to assess the cumulative effects of dams on aquatic communities is, therefore, recommended.
Boundary‐layer flow on a rotary vane

The boundary-layer flow on a rotating vane is investigated with the integral momentum approximation. A parabolic velocity profile is approached over a significant portion of the vane. The assumption of a parabolic velocity profile yields a closed analytical solution for the radial dependence of the surface velocity. Experimental data obtained agree with the predicted average velocity at the exit of the vane.
Browsing mixed structured and unstructured data

Both structured and unstructured data, as well as structured data representing several different types of tuples, may be integrated into a single list for browsing or retrieval. Data may be arranged in the Gray code order of the features and metadata, producing optimal ordering for browsing. We provide several metrics for evaluating the performance of systems supporting browsing, given some constraints. Metadata and indexing terms are used for sorting keys and attributes for structured data, as well as for semi-structured or unstructured documents, images, media, etc. Economic and information theoretic models are suggested that enable the ordering to adapt to user preferences. Different relational structures and unstructured data may be integrated into a single, optimal ordering for browsing or for displaying tables in digital libraries, database management systems, or information retrieval systems. Adaptive displays of data are discussed.
The Brugada Syndrome: Can We Predict the Risk?

The Brugada syndrome (BS) is now recognized as an important condition predisposing individuals with a seemingly normal heart to sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF).1 Mutations in the gene encoding the cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) have been found in 18–30% of patients with BS.2 It is believed that abnormalities in regional repolarization and/or depolarization provide the electrophysiological milieu for VF.3,4 In a recent consensus statement,5 the electrocardiographic features have been categorized as follows: type 1 (diagnostic for BS): coved ST segment elevation of ≥2 mm followed by a negative T wave in more than one of leads V1–3; type 2 (not diagnostic for BS) saddleback shaped ST segment elevation with ST elevation of ≥2 mm and a trough ≥1 mm ST elevation; or type 3 (not diagnostic for BS) coved or Saddleback ST segment elevation of <1 mm. However, type 2 and 3 pattern are considered diagnostic, if the ST segment elevation converts to a type 1 pattern after administration of a cardiac sodium channel blocking drug. Data from the largest patient series6 have shown that the highest risk for clinical events (sudden death, syncope) occurs in those patients who have a prior aborted sudden death (62% at 54 ± 54 months follow-up), followed by those with syncope and spontaneously abnormal, type 1 pattern ECG (19% at 26 ± 36 months follow-up). However, the event rate among asymptomatic patients was still 8% (27 ± 29 months follow-up). Data from this series suggest that among these asymptomatic patients, the risk is highest in those with spontaneously diagnostic type 1 ECG pattern and lower if they develop this ECG pattern only after administration of a sodium channel blocking drug. The risk was also high in those with inducible VT/VF at electrophysiologic study. Other studies, however, report a much lower event risk in asymptomatic patients and found that VT/VF inducibility was not predictive of future events.7 This difference may in part relate to patient selection including only patients with type 1 pattern ECG versus including also those with type 2 and 3 ECG pattern as well as the electrophysiologic stimulation protocol used.8 Thus, risk stratification in asymptomatic individuals with the Brugada ECG is still a challenge. The diagnostic classification as well as risk stratification based on the three ECG patterns may be questionable since the ECG may spontaneously change from one pattern to another in the same individual.9
A mid-career review of teaching computer science I

A mid-career review is presented, of how the teaching of Computer Science I has changed for this instructor over the last two decades. The content of the course has evolved to include algorithm development and program design. Assessment in the course has gone online and moved away from testing how clever the student is, to how much the student has learned in the course. Professional practices are now covered that help students understand and incorporate preferred practices of the discipline. Changes incorporated into the pedagogy include going from using anthropomorphic and ad-hoc to discipline-specific and consistent vocabulary, and from writing code in the class like an experienced programmer to writing it to suit a beginning learner. It is hoped that this review will help new Computer Science I instructors avoid some misconceptions with which this instructor started out.
Coping in Context Associations Between Resource Availability and Coping Effectiveness Among Emancipated Foster Youth

Emancipated foster youth face unique challenges in the context of few resources as they transition into adulthood. This investigation examined associations between resource availability and coping ...
Estimating Species Trees: Methods of Phylogenetic Analysis When There Is Incongruence across Genes

Discord among the gene trees of multilocus data has motivated the development of phylogenetic approaches that account for gene-tree heterogeneity in the estimation procedure. Rather than equating a gene tree with the phylogenetic history, the new approaches explicitly consider the relationships between gene trees and the underlying history of species divergence, providing direct estimates of species trees (Fig. 1). The inherent appeal of these approaches is 2-fold. Incorporating information contained in the distribution of gene trees not only extracts phylogenetic signal, but modeling the relationship between the gene trees embedded in a species tree also reveals the biological processes that have influenced the diversification history and shaped organismal genomes. In contrast, ignoring the variance in genealogical histories (e.g., concatenating loci into a single supermatrix) disregards an inescapable biological reality—gene trees differ for a variety of reasons (reviewed in Maddison 1997; Degnan and Rosenberg 2009). As such, when the natural variation in gene trees is not taken into account during phylogenetic estimation, the reliability of inferences from such approaches is drawn into question (Degnan and Rosenberg 2006; Kubatko and Degnan 2007; Huang and Knowles 2009), historical scenarios with recently diverged taxa that have not reached reciprocal monophyly has become intractable (Carstens and Knowles 2007), and interpretation of the support for bipartitions across taxa is problematic (Mossel and Vigoda 2005).
On "journal publication productivity..." Richter et al. Phys Ther. 2008;88:376-386.

I read with interest the report in PTJ by Richter et al1 regarding publication productivity in academic physical therapy programs in the United States and Puerto Rico. Evidence-based practice is a current ideal in health care and involves the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available scientific evidence. In order for physical therapy to meet this ideal, there is a need not only to perform high-quality research, but also to make it available to the widest possible audience. The dissemination of research via peer review and subsequent publication forms the cornerstone of this process. PTJ does a superb job of disseminating information regarding the profession to a wide and broad audience. It does this by using not only traditional means (ie, printed issues), but also more recent methods of distribution (ie, the Internet) that permit greater globalization and rapid circulation. Richter and colleagues'1 report of publication productivity in academic physical therapy programs is timely for a number of reasons. First, the previous review of scholarly productivity in physical therapy was performed 2 decades ago,2 prior to the introduction of “Vision 2020” by APTA and the transition of the majority of academic programs within the United States to the Doctor of Physical Therapy …
Democratic Inefficiency? Regime Type and Suboptimal Choices in International Politics:

This article examines the relationship between regime type and decision makers’ tendency to make suboptimal choices in international crises. To test hypotheses on the optimality of democratic foreign policy, the author uses a novel statistical measure of suboptimality in foreign policy behavior. This estimator builds on Signorino’s statistical strategic models to allow for actor-level variation in deviations from optimal behavior in a strategic setting. An analysis of the international disputes from 1919 to 1999 shows that democratic leaders have a greater tendency to choose policies not optimal for their citizens than do nondemocratic leaders.
STRUCTURE OF THE MUSHROOM BODIES OF THE INSECT BRAIN

The past decade has produced an explosion of new information on the development, neuroanatomy, and possible functions of the mushroom bodies. This review provides a concise, contemporary overview of the structure of the mushroom bodies. Two topics are highlighted: the volume plasticity of mushroom body neuropils evident in the brains of some adult insects and a possible essential role for the gamma lobe in olfactory memory.
Secure Embedded Processing through Hardware-Assisted Run-Time Monitoring

Security is emerging as an important concern in embedded system design. The security of embedded systems is often compromised due to vulnerabilities in "trusted" software that they execute. Security attacks exploit these vulnerabilities to trigger unintended program behavior, such as the leakage of sensitive data or the execution of malicious code. In this work, we present a hardware-assisted paradigm to enhance embedded system security by detecting and preventing unintended program behavior. Specifically, we extract properties of an embedded program through static program analysis, and use them as the bases for enforcing permissible program behavior in real-time as the program executes. We present an architecture for hardware-assisted run-time monitoring, wherein the embedded processor is augmented with a hardware monitor that observes the processor's dynamic execution trace, checks whether the execution trace falls within the allowed program behavior, and flags any deviations from the expected behavior to trigger appropriate response mechanisms. We present properties that can be used to capture permissible program behavior at different levels of granularity within a program, namely inter-procedural control flow, intra-procedural control flow, and instruction stream integrity. We also present a systematic methodology to design application-specific hardware monitors for any given embedded program. We have evaluated the hardware requirements and performance of the proposed architecture for several embedded software benchmarks. Hardware implementations using a commercial design flow, and architectural simulations using the SimpleScalar framework, indicate that the proposed technique can thwart several common software and physical attacks, facilitating secure program execution with minimal overheads.
Deformation behaviour of a polycarbonate plate with a circular hole: finite elements model and experimental observations

The unique and complex deformation behaviour of ductile polymers has received considerable attention in the polymer field. Much research has been conducted to study the yielding and post-yielding behaviour of polymers. In the case of two-phase polymer alloy systems, however, the deformation behaviour near the interface between the two phases has rarely been studied. The present paper describes the use of twodimensional (2-D) finite element methods (FEM) to simulate the deformation behaviour of a polycarbonate plate with a circular hole as a special case of two-phase polymer alloys. The FEM model involves consideration of the non-linear behaviour of the material. The FEM simulation results reveal that the maximum octahedrai shear stress (%¢t) shifts from the equatorial region toward the 45 ° region at the interface between the hole and the ductile matrix phase. How far the maximum %¢t shifts along the interface depends on the stress concentration near the interface and the strain increment between the yield and the strain hardening regions. The shift in maximum zoct is due to the yield and strain softening character of ductile polymers. These results are verified by polycarbonate/hole (PC/hole) experiments.
Dysphagia after endoscopic repair of Zenker's diverticulum.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine whether patient outcomes after endoscopic staple-assisted diverticulectomy (ESD) were correlated with demographic or disease-specific patient characteristics. Study Design: Retrospective chart review with follow-up. Methods: A survey was sent to all eligible subjects who had undergone ESD from February 1995 to June 2004 to gather information about their postoperative weight, diet, dysphagia symptoms, distress, and overall satisfaction. Results: Thirty-five individuals responded (49% response rate) at a mean of 29 (range, 3–83) months postoperative. There was a significant reduction in the following symptoms: food avoidance, regurgitation, dysphagia for pills, choking, coughing, difficulty finishing a meal, heartburn/reflux, and halitosis. There was no significant difference for dysphonia. Swallow-related distress had decreased from a preoperative level of 7.86 to 2.23 at follow-up (P < .001). Overall satisfaction with the surgery was high. There were no significant differences in outcome by any demographic characteristic, duration of preoperative symptoms, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Zenker's diverticulum size, time since surgery, or number of surgeries. Ninety-one percent of subjects reported improvement in their swallowing after surgery, but 22% reported some decline since that time. Symptomatic subjects reported significantly higher swallow-related distress and lower satisfaction (P < .01). Preoperative variables were not correlated with a return of symptoms. Individuals who underwent multiple procedures had similar levels of benefit and satisfaction as those who underwent a single ESD procedure. Conclusion: ESD results in high levels of patient satisfaction, significant reduction in postoperative symptoms, low levels of complications, and the opportunity to safely and successfully repeat the procedure if necessary.
Dynamic and tissue-specific expression of eIF4E during zebrafish embryogenesis

The regulation of protein synthesis is critical to diverse cellular processes and plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression during embryogenesis. The cap-binding protein eIF4E is a translational factor whose activity appears to be both ubiquitous and central to the regulation of protein synthesis in all cell-types. As a cell-cycle regulator, mesoderm inducer and proto-oncogene, the amount and activity of the translational factor eIF4E must be under strict control, but the range of its expression and its concentration as a function of position and time in the developing embryo are unknown. Consequently, we have initiated studies to elucidate the expression of the eIF4E gene and its role in the regulating embryonic development. We have cloned a zebrafish gene encoding eIF4E, zeIF4E, and measured its developmental expression. Unexpectedly, we found that the zeIF4E gene produces two alternatively spliced transcripts that potentially encode different forms of the initiation factor. Molecular analyses and in situ hybridization reveal a potential role for eIF4E in regulating protein synthesis during vertebrate oogenesis, gastrulation, and erythropoiesis. The dynamic and asymmetric expression of eIF4E during zebrafish embryogenesis reveals that this ostensibly general translation factor may act as a tissue-specific translational enhancer.
Synthesis of L-[5-11C]ornithine.

No-carrier-added L-[5-11C]ornithine was synthesized in 25–40% radiochemical yield in a synthesis time of 50 min (EOB) and a specific activity >2.1 Ci/umol by the displacement reaction of potassium [11C]cyanide with the functionally protected y-bromohomoserine followed by selective reduction of the [11C]nitrile with cobalt chloride-sodium borohydride complex, deprotection with 6M HCl(aq), and purification by HPLC. During the course of these studies it was found that cyanide ion is generated from acetonitrile in the presence of potassium hydroxide and kryptofix 222.
Sequencing of DSM-IV criteria of nicotine dependence

Aims To determine whether there is a sequence in which adolescents experience symptoms of nicotine dependence (ND) as per the DSM-IV.
Development and Application of the Notched Tensile Test to UHMWPE

Abstract In engineering design it is well known that a preponderance of failures emanate from stress concentrations such as microstructural or geometrical discontinuities (geometric stress concentrations are generically termed as notches). The field of total joint replacements is not an exception to this rule. In the absence of severe wear, gross fracture of total joint replacement components tends to originate from stress concentrations such as fillets, undercuts, and grooves. There have been reports in the literature of cracks and/or gross fracture along acetabular rims, the stabilizing posts in noncruciate sparing tibial components, and along the rims of total disk replacements. Notably, there have been reports in the literature of rim fracture of highly cross-linked remelted UHMWPE components after short-term (7 months–3.8 years) implantation. Therefore, the assessment of stress raisers, and a better understanding of their influence on the behavior of UHMWPE, is of interest to the orthopedic community. These stress concentrations are inherent and necessary design features, and the behavior of UHMWPE in their vicinity is important to the survival of the implant. In order to begin to understand the effects of notches on the behavior of UHMWPE components in vivo , our group developed a novel system for the assessment of the response of UHMWPE to geometric stress concentrations in monotonic tension, and notched fatigue-life testing.
Predicting Good Features for Image Geo-Localization Using Per-Bundle VLAD

We address the problem of recognizing a place depicted in a query image by using a large database of geo-tagged images at a city-scale. In particular, we discover features that are useful for recognizing a place in a data-driven manner, and use this knowledge to predict useful features in a query image prior to the geo-localization process. This allows us to achieve better performance while reducing the number of features. Also, for both learning to predict features and retrieving geo-tagged images from the database, we propose per-bundle vector of locally aggregated descriptors (PBVLAD), where each maximally stable region is described by a vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) on multiple scale-invariant features detected within the region. Experimental results show the proposed approach achieves a significant improvement over other baseline methods.
Real-time twitter recommendation: online motif detection in large dynamic graphs

We describe a production Twitter system for generating relevant, personalized, and timely recommendations based on observing the temporally-correlated actions of each user's followings. The system currently serves millions of recommendations daily to tens of millions of mobile users. The approach can be viewed as a specific instance of the novel problem of online motif detection in large dynamic graphs. Our current solution partitions the graph across a number of machines, and with the construction of appropriate data structures, motif detection can be translated into the lookup and intersection of adjacency lists in each partition. We conclude by discussing a generalization of the problem that perhaps represents a new class of data management systems.
Sublinear temporal behavior of intensity-dependent absorption in BaTiO 3

In recent years much attention has been focused on the photorefractive effect in barium titanate. The effect is not completely understood, but models have been developed that predict most of the observed behaviors.1,2
Noninvasive assessment of tissue iron stores.

Abstract Multivariate regression methods were used to create two equations for calculation of the "iron index," a predictor of bone marrow iron scores. With the use of the most efficient cut-off point, approximately 90% of 210 patients could be diagnosed correctly. Selection of a criterion that minimizes false negatives (missed iron deficiency) would increase the number of unnecessary bone marrow aspirations, but, even then, more than a third of such tests could be avoided. Rapid turnaround time would be desirable for all measurements used to calculate the iron index, although it is recognized that for most hospitalized patients the length of hospital stay is determined by severity of an underlying disease, not the presence of anemia.
Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by sodium oleate in dogs: molecular form and bioactivity.

The release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin into both circulation and duodenal lumen, after intraduodenal perfusion with sodium oleate or oral ingestion of fat, was studied in anesthetized and conscious dogs, respectively. Intraduodenal infusion with sodium oleate (4 mmol.kg.-1.h-1, pH 9.5) in anesthetized dogs with diversion of bile and pancreatic juice stimulated the release of both CCK and secretin not only into the circulation but also into the duodenal lumen. The concentration of CCK and secretin in the luminal perfusate increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 2.1 +/- 0.4 nM and 0.34 +/- 0.16 to 2.59 +/- 0.63 nM, respectively. Intraduodenal infusion of NaHCO3 solution at pH 9.5 did not result in release of either hormone. Luminal release of both hormones was also observed by intraduodenal infusion of sodium oleate in the dogs without diversion of bile and pancreatic juice, albeit at lower concentrations than those released in the dogs with diversion. Analysis of the molecular form of luminal secretin by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography showed only a single form of secretin with molecular size, hydrophobicity, and charge similar to those of natural porcine secretin. In contrast, multiple forms of CCK were released into both circulation and duodenal lumen with CCK-58 as the predominant form. In conscious dogs, CCK-58 was also found to be the predominant form of CCK released into the circulation after oral ingestion of fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A concise genealogy and anatomy of habitus

Retracing the philosophical origins and initial usage of habitus by Bourdieu to account for the historical disjuncture wrought by the Algerian war of national liberation and the postwar modernizati...
HPLC qualitative amino acid analysis in the clinical laboratories

The authors have developed a rapid system for qualitative amino acid analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography for use in the clinical laboratory. Reverse-phase, linear gradient, high-pressure liquid chromatography of stable dansyl chloride derivatives is accomplished with a C-18 column over 30 minutes, with ultraviolet detection. The resulting chromatograms are compared with template chromatograms that reflect high normal levels of serum and urine amino acids. Large elevations of amino acids associated with inborn errors of metabolism are easily pinpointed, with identification of specific amino acids made by the relative retention times. This technic makes available a rapid and specific qualitative method for investigation of aminoacidopathies and uses versatile and standard liquid chromatography equipment.
Levels of poliovirus antibodies among healthy population in Shijingshan District of Beijing

[Objective]To understand the levels of poliovirus antibodies among healthy population in Shijingshan District of Beijing, provide scientific basis for developing the immunization strategy. [Methods]By the random sampling method,the blood samples were collected from 244 healthy people in Shijingshan District. The neutralizing antibodies against polioviruses were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]The positive rate of neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus typeⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was respectively 96. 72%,95. 90% and 95. 90%,while the geometric mean titer( GMT) was respectively 1 ∶ 84. 06,1 ∶ 70. 10 and 1 ∶ 57. 12. There were significant differences in antibody levels among groups of different sex,age and immune history. The difference in antibody levels between different household registration groups was not significant.[Conclusion]The positive rates of antibodies against polioviruses among healthy population in Shijingshan District are high,and an effective immune barrier has been established.
Effect of double microorganism agents against mosquito larvae

Objective To observe the efficacy of double microorganism against mosquito larvae,explore the suitable insecticides and application cycle for killing mosquito larvae.Methods Selecting a randomized experimental area sewage pit and controlling area sewage pit by 5ml/m2 of the liquid,diluted 10 times,even with an electric sprayers to spray on the surface of the water and observe the mosquito density.Results After spraying for 1-20 days,the effect of killing mosquito larvae was up to 100%.The killing rate was 72.41% after 30 days.By data analysis,it is suitable to spray insecticides with an interval of 20 days.Conclusion Double microorganism for killing mosquito larvae has instantaneous and lasting effect.It is an ideal insecticides for killing mosquito larvae.
Abstract A51: DNA methylation in tumor, adjacent non-tumorous and normal breast tissues

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism involved in gene regulation. Aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in breast cancer initiation and progression via inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Conventional approaches comparing DNA methylation profiles in tumor and adjacent non-tumorous tissue have shown that changes in DNA methylation contribute to deregulation of gene expression in breast cancer. However, adjacent non-tumorous tissue represents a suboptimal baseline control because its molecular profile may have been altered, and to some extent, similar to that of tumor. Consequently, important breast cancer-associated DNA methylation may not be identifiable in such comparisons. Using RNA-sequencing data generated from freshly-frozen breast tissue samples, we examined expression of methylation-related genes in 119 breast tumor, 47 adjacent normal-appearing breast tissue samples, and 23 normal breast tissue samples from healthy donors. Bowtie and RESM algorithms were used to align raw reads and quantify transcript abundance. Differential expression analyses were performed using edgeR software and normalized transcript counts. Normal breast tissue from healthy women compared to tumor from cancer patients identified differentially expressed cancer genes that are methylated in tumor, such as BRCA1, ESR1, ESR2, CDKN2A, HIC1, CDCP1, and SFRP1. A subset of these genes were found to be deregulated in adjacent non-tumorous tissue in a similar way as in tumor tissue, including PTGS2, SFN, SYK, FHIT , CST6, GADD45A, and THBS1, and are thus undetectable in the comparison between tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue. In addition, a set of methylation-related genes were identified only in the comparison between tumor and normal tissue, including genes directly involved in the methylation/epigenetic process (HIST1H4A, KDM1B, MAT2B and SAP18) as well as novel target genes that may be methylated and play an important role in carcinogenesis (NFIA, ARHGAP18, and GRHL2). These findings suggest that normal breast tissue from healthy women is the most desirable control in comparison with tumor tissue to identify novel, tissue-specific methylation changes that may be important for carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Erin Wagner, Wenting Wu, Yunlong Liu, Kenneth Nephew, Jiali Han, Chunyan He. DNA methylation in tumor, adjacent non-tumorous and normal breast tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A51.
Understanding the impact of climate change on pavements with CMIP5, system dynamics and simulation

AbstractThere is an increasing awareness regarding the impact of climate change on performance and durability of pavements. The objective of this paper is to present a framework of using the global climate forecasts, system dynamics and Monte Carlo analyses to evaluate the rate of change in climate change parameters and understand the impact of climate change on pavements. Changes in maximum air temperature and annual precipitation levels were determined for seven cities across the US, for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, using downscaled CMIP5 model output. A system dynamics model was utilised to link the changes in climate change-related parameters to deterioration and life of pavements. Percent of roads that need rehabilitation at different times, up to a time span of 100 years were predicted with simulations of the system dynamics model. Using regression equations developed on the basis of the output data, Monte Carlo analyses were then conducted to obtain distribution and 90% confidence intervals for p...
Quantum dot nanophotonics: micropatterned excitation, microarray imaging, and hyperspectral microscopy

The use of QDs allows for hyperspectral imaging of biosamples with a simple microscope configuration. In addition, proper choice of different gold nanoparticles, such as nanorods and nanospheres, enables absorption-based analysis of multiple biomarkers. Combination of QDs and gold nanoparticles provides a potential on-chip hyperspectral imaging tool for multi-biomarkers recognition at cellular level. In addition to microscopy, QD light sources can be used for several types of absorption spectroscopy techniques, such as pulse oximetry [90] or tissue spectroscopy [91], where the absorption spectra are correlated with physical characteristics. A possible application area beyond biomedical applications is the use as an illumination source alternative to conventional RGB-LEDs. Conventional RGB color spaces, such as sRGB or Adobe RGB, cover only a portion of visible colors [92], while our light source can simulate any spectrum expressed as linear combinations of multiple QD emission peaks. The QD light source can be a strong illumination tool for medical and industrial imaging.
A Song for Simeon: The Difference the Letter Makes: Prayer, Self-Criticism, Validity

Deriving from Christian understanding, which makes the Incarnation a fulfillment of Incarnation, this poem stands in a certain relation with Judaism, the faith of the poem’s aged speaker, who awaits the Messiah’s coming. Rather than a straightforward spiritual autobiography, this popular, but critically neglected, poem works like a dramatic monologue. An ethical, upright, and righteous person, Simeon simply and precisely waits, skeptical, lamenting the severe demands exacted by Christianity. Of critical importance to the poem is its title: “for” appears where “of” is surely expected. The poem is Simeon’s words held up as a mirror for him to see himself.
Comparative clinical effectiveness of azacitidine versus decitabine in older patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Summary The hypomethylating agents (HMAs) azacitidine and decitabine are both approved for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in the USA. In Europe, decitabine is not approved due to lack of survival advantage in randomized trials. The two drugs have not been compared in clinical trials. We identified patients diagnosed with MDS between 2004 and 2011 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database in the USA who received ≥ 10 doses of either HMA. We estimated survival from HMA initiation with Kaplan–Meier methods and used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to adjust for covariates. Analyses controlled for histological subtype and we conducted a subset analysis limited to patients with refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB). In 2025 HMA-treated patients, median survival was 15 months with no difference in survival based on the HMA received in adjusted analysis (decitabine versus azacitidine, hazard ratio = 1·06, 95% confidence interval: 0·94–1·19, P = 0·37). For RAEB patients (n = 523), median survival was 12 months, with no significant difference based on HMA received. No significant survival difference was found between azacitidine and decitabine in patients with MDS, including RAEB. Importantly, population-based survival of azacitidine-treated RAEB patients was substantially shorter than in the AZA-001 clinical trial (11 versus 24·5 months).
The replication of bacteriophage ØX 174

Au moment de son injection dans la cellule hote, l’ADN a helice unique de OX 174 se transforme en un etat capable de se repliquer. Cette forme est infectieuse. Elle est plus legere que l’ADN de OX. Par chauffage elle se denature et libere quelques formes a helice unique. Elle est considerablement plus resistante a l’irradiation ultraviolette et cette resistance est perdue lors de la denaturation. Ces proprietes suggerent que l’on se trouve en presence d’une forme a double chaine.Cinquante a cent replications de cette forme ont lieu pendant l’infection, meme en presence de chloramphenicol. En presence de chloramphenicol, aucune forme a chaine unique n’apparait, alors qu’en l’absence de chloramphenicol, — comme cela est dans une infection normale —, une grande quantite de la forme a chaine unique est produite, qui apparait essentiellement dans les particules virales mures. Cette description correspond a des details du processus infectieux qui auraient ete difficiles a prevoir. Le mode de multiplication de la forme replicative et, particulierement, le processus de formation des especes a chaine unique reste a elucider.
Using Group Contingencies with Punishment and Positive Reinforcement to Modify Aggressive Behaviors in a Head Start Classroom

An attempt was made to modify and decrease aggressive behaviors exhibited in a Head Start classroom. Treatment procedures designed to reduce classroom acts of aggression permitted analysis of whether group contingencies enhanced the effects of extrinsic reinforcement and punishment. The two main findings of the study were: (a) the modification procedures used led to a significant decline in the incidence of aggressive behaviors, and (b) grouping children who are striving for rewards contingent upon prosocial behavior was found to be a useful addition to other behavior modification techniques.
Long-term impact of the Vascular Study Group of New England carotid patch quality initiative.

Abstract Objective Patch angioplasty has been shown to decrease rates of restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). In 2003, the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) implemented its first quality initiative aimed at increasing the rates of patch closure after CEA. This study reports the effects of that initiative on the rate of patch closure in the VSGNE and also postoperative and 1-year CEA outcomes. Methods Patients undergoing CEA (N = 14,636) within the VSGNE between 2003 and 2014 were studied. Rates of in-hospital postoperative events (death, ipsilateral stroke or transient ischemic attack [TIA], and return to the operating room for bleeding) and events during 1 year of follow-up (stroke or TIA and restenosis >70% or occlusion) were compared by repair type—patch closure, primary closure, or eversion. One-year follow-up events were also compared over time and by annualized surgeon volume. Results During the 12 years studied, patch use increased from 71% to 91% (P 47 CEAs/y) the most. High-volume surgeons increased patch use from 50% to 90% and decreased their restenosis rates from 9.0% to 1.2% and 1-year stroke or TIA from 4.9% to 1.9% (P Conclusions The VSGNE carotid patch quality initiative successfully increased the rates of CEA patch closure. During the same time, there has been a decrease in postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation and 1-year ipsilateral neurologic events and restenosis or occlusion.
The time-sensitive challenge of diagnosing spinal epidural abscess in the emergency department

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare but devastating condition. Entry of infectious contents into the epidural space occurs via contiguous infected tissue, hematogenous spread, or iatrogenic inoculation. Traditionally, emergency providers are taught to assess for the "classic triad" of spinal pain, fever, and neurological deficits, but this constellation of findings is seen in only 10-15% of cases. Delays in diagnosis and treatment of this condition directly correspond to worse, and often debilitating, outcomes for these patients. This review will demonstrate the challenges of diagnosing SEA, describe key diagnostic pitfalls, and present a model and framework for its evaluation. The authors conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles describing the emergency medicine evaluation and management of spinal epidural abscess dating from 1996 to 2016. Of the initial 219 articles found, 18 articles were selected based on their relevancy to emergency medicine. Lower back pain is a common chief complaint, whereas SEA is a rare condition and may not be anticipated. The "classic triad" of SEA symptoms presents infrequently. Moreover, the early symptoms of back pain and fever are non-specific, and patients seek medical attention at varying stages of disease progression. Once the more conspicuous and wide-ranging neurological symptoms develop, they are often irreversible. In fact, final outcomes correlate with the severity and duration of symptoms before surgery. Furthermore, discovering these late neurological symptoms can be particularly difficult in bed-bound and chronically ill patients. MRI is the best diagnostic imaging tool for SEA. Early diagnosis is the major prognostic factor for favorable outcome of SEA, and yet, making this diagnosis in the emergency department (ED) has proved challenging. Shifting from a "classic triad" screening to a risk factor-based model of evaluation represents the current optimal strategy for diagnosing SEA. An algorithm incorporating the most recent data is provided.
Traditional and Block Scheduling Challenges and Solutions for Internal Medicine Residents

This chapter reviews the most common scheduling models used in internal medicine residency programs. The true impact of different scheduling models on outcomes such as patient continuity, access to care, resident satisfaction, and clinical outcomes has been evaluated in a handful of studies. This chapter will review the current evidence surrounding scheduling models. Each scheduling model has potential benefits and barriers that should be considered when a residency is considering converting to a new model.
CReST-Security Knitting Kit: Readily Available Teaching Resources to Integrate Security Topics into Traditional CS Courses (Abstract Only)

Since security education is not required in CS curriculum, many CS undergraduates can successfully achieve their degree without being exposed to any security courses during their course of study and enter the digital workforce with no knowledge or basic understanding of information security -- one of the essential skill sets for the 21st century. To address this concern, Information Assurance and Security (IAS) has been designated as a new knowledge area in the new ACM/IEEE-CS Curricula 2013. This workshop empowers CS faculty to access and use freely available resources to integrate security in to their CS curriculum will help institutions to meet ACM/IEEE-CS guideline. With support from NSF (Award# DUE-1140864, #1438861), at the CyberSecurity Education, Research and Outreach Center at Tennessee Tech, we have developed a set of readily available resources called SecKnitKit (Security Knitting Kit, www.secknitkit.org), which offers a suite of instructional material for non-security faculty (faculty whose primary teaching/research focus is not security) to integrate security in upper division CS courses such as operating systems, software engineering, computer networks and databases. Resources include lecture slides with notes, assessment questions and homework/classroom assignments with all details and technical support. The participants will receive access to all SecKnitKit materials (instructional and assessment) of interest and demonstrated use of the active learning exercises. There are six participant slots for each of the four courses mentioned above and participants will have an option to select their courses of choice at registration time.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Technology in Teaching

(1999). Factors Influencing the Adoption of Technology in Teaching. Journal of Computer Information Systems: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 81-87.
The Synaptic Vesicle Vesamicol (AH5183) Receptor Contains a Low Affinity Acetylcholine Binding Site

Synaptic vesicles isolated from Torpedo californica electric organ exhibit active transport of acetylcholine (ACh). The transport system is composed of at least three components: a vacuolar-type ATPase thought to pump protons into the vesicle, an ACh transporter which utilizes the proton-motive- force to drive secondary active transport of ACh, and a receptor for l-trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol, formerly AH5183) (Bahr and Parsons, 1986a). When the vesamicol receptor (vesamicol-R) of VP1 cholinergic synaptic vesicles (SVs) is occupied, ACh transport is blocked noncompetitively with the absence of any concomitant effect on the total vesicular ATPase activity (Anderson et al., 1983; Bahr and Parsons, 1986b). This phenomenon of transport blockage is potentially of regulatory importance to neurotransmission since vesicular storage of neurotransmitter is required for evoked release and subsequent transynaptic signal transduction.
Workflow Composition: Semantic Representations for Flexible Automation

Many different kinds of users may need to compose scientific workflows for different purposes. This chapter focuses on the requirements and challenges of scientific workflow composition. They are motivated by our work with two particular application domains: physics-based seismic hazard analysis (Chapter 10) and data-intensive natural language processing [238]. Our research on workflow creation spans fully automated workflow generation (Chapter 23) using artificial intelligence planning techniques for assisted workflow composition [237,276] by combining semantic representations of workflow components with formal properties of correct workflows. Other projects have used similar techniques in different domains to support workflow composition through planning and automated reasoning [286,289,415] and semantic representations (Chapter 19). As workflow representations become more declarative and expressive, they enable significant improvements in automation and assistance for workflow composition and in general for managing and automating complex scientific processes. The chapter starts off motivating and describing important requirements to support the creation of workflows. Based on these requirements, we outline the approaches that we have found effective, including separating levels of abstraction in workflow descriptions, using semantic representations of workflows and their components, and supporting flexible automation through reuse and automatic completion of user specifications of partial workflows.
Metaffective fiction: structuring feeling in post-postmodern American literature

This essay will suggest that post-postmodern literature does not simply ‘return to affect’ but that it simultaneously reflects upon the limitations and construction of affect in ways that recall po...